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Sensing Engine User Manual

1. Note that 2 Spiders are connected to this system both on USB bus 001 devices 23 and 24 3 Check verify the permissions on the USB device using the USB bus and device info read from the above 1susb command To do so execute gt ls dev bus usb 001 CQIW IW CIW TW E Crw rw r Crw rw r root root 189 0 2012 01 18 15 54 001 root root 189 3 2012 01 18 15 54 004 root root 189 24 2012 01 18 16 31 023 root root 189 25 2012 01 18 16 31 024 I mobBmHn Note The 001 is the bus id The permissions on devices 23 and 24 are read only for others 23 08 2012 imec confidential 21 C imec f Sensing Engine User Manual 4 Create the udev file etc udev rules d 91 spider rules It should contain following lines of code SUBSYSTEMS usb ATTRS idVendor 04b4 ATTRS idProduct 8613 MODE 0666 SUBSYSTEMS usb ATTRS idVendor 221a ATTRS idProduct 0100 MODE 0666 If desired an example file can be provided Verify the content of the udev file gt cat etc udev rules d 91 spider rules ESN SUBSYSTEMS usb ATTRS idVendor 04b4 ATTRS idProduct 8613 MODE 0666 SUBSYSTEMS usb ATTRS idVendor 221a ATTRS idProduct 0100 MODE 0666 5 Unplug the Spider USB board s and reconnect it them again 6 Verify the permissions gt ls dev bus usb 001 crw rw r 1 root root 1
2. first channel The channel frequency equals 2 412 GHz 5 MHz channel number 1 for channel 1 to 13 and equals 2 484 GHz for channel 14 bandwidth not applicable Fixed at 10 MHz for Scaldio2b and 6 75 MHz for WARP fft points not applicable in this mode dvb nr carriers not applicable in this mode dvb guard interval not applicable in this mode threshold power threshold to compare the instantaneous power to output each run yields an array with the number of channels times two Every first value is a logarithmic power value for the corresponding channel every second value is O0 in case the power value is lower than the threshold or 1 otherwise 3 WLAN A short description determine the instantaneous power in a number of IEEE 802 11a channels There are 23 channels available numbered from 36 to 64 in steps of 4 from 100 to 140 in steps of 4 and from 149 to 161 in steps of 4 following the IEEE 802 11a standard Each channel is 20 MHz wide spread around the channel frequency ADC sampling speed is 40 MHz for both Scaldio2b and WARP fe gain gain setting of the analog front end between 27 and 100 for Scaldio2b between 5 and 100 for WARP 100 being maximum gain first channel and last channel the first and last channel to take into account Both must be integer numbers and last channel must always be bigger than or equal to first channel The channel frequency equals 5 GHz 5 MHz channel number bandwidth not appl
3. If the user wants to add specific functionality to the SW API the whole SW API can be provided as well In this case all source files will be added to the SW API as well as all scripts needed for building the libraries and the applications 4 2 2 Structure of the SW API The SW API consists of a number of elements or layers if you will The lowest layer foresees an interface between the platform and the remainder of the SW API This means that it enables communication with the host PC running the application There are three different interfaces developed in the SW API the HAPS interface the HOST interface and the USB interface The HAPS interface is intended for the lab based setup with the HAPS FPGA board For the same reason as explained in section 3 this interface is never included in the SW API The HOST interface is a functional model this means no platform has to be connected to the PC The applications built with a package based on this interface will functionally behave exactly like the SE would The intent is to allow the user to get familiar with the functionality of the SE This interface offers no exact timing behavior of the SE however Also this interface is outputting dummy data but in the same form as the real SE would The USB interface will be used for platforms in which the Spider board is coupled to the PC This interface provides basic functionality to the rest of the API in the form of a special designed data st
4. Sensing Engine User Manual int se_location se_t se_h float current_loc int se get result se t se h float destination int se get status se t se h EEEH The functions can be divided in three categories there are a number of functions for general handling of the SE there are a number of functions to control the SE and there are a number of functions to get results out of the SE A detailed description of the functions their parameters and their output is given in Appendix B 6 3 2 Example applications As a reference we take a look at how the example application looks gt pwd home username software libs sensing gt cd home username spider software c_interface sensing_engine sources gt cat main c include main h int main int argc char argv setselnh se_2_h struct se config s my se config int result 0 float fft result 6 128 int iz se lh se open 0x81 24 se 2h se open 0x85 0 result se init se 1l h amp my se config printf Initialization 0 invalid 1 valid i n result my se config first channel 96 my se config last channel 101 result se check config se 1 h my se config printf Configuration check 0 invalid 1 valid i n result result se configure se 1 h my se config 0 printf Configuration setup 0 invalid 1 valid i n result se start measurement se 1l nh se get result
5. 34 List of all configurations of the SE and their output eee 34 Appendix B sbaacoc ie isi denco idi Ux d OK I occi Faser enemas 40 List of all functions in the sensing library eee eee ente tnntnttntnnne 40 23 08 2012 imec confidential 3 E m z U ee fe Sz U imec Kim Sensing Engine User Manual List of abbreviations SE Sensing Engine FE front end API Application Programming Interface PCB Printed Circuit Board SPIDER Sensing Platform for Integration and Demonstration of the DIFFS DIFFS DIgital Frontend For spectrum Sensing WARP Wireless Open Access Research Platform SINAD _ SIgnal to Noise And Distortion SDK Software Development Kit BMP Babel Macro Processor 23 08 2012 imec confidential C imec e Sensing Engine User Manual 1 Introduction This document is a reference for anyone who wants to use imec s Sensing Engine for demonstrations measurements or development Throughout the text the term Sensing Engine or its abbreviation SE will be used to refer to the combination of both hardware and software The whole of the different hardware components excluding the host PC is referred to as the platform the part of the software running on the host PC that is controlling the platform will be addressed as the software API or briefly SW APT The SW API does not include the main application software however a numbe
6. O0 WLAN G 1 WLAN A 2 BLUETOOTH 3 ZIGBEE 4 LTE 5 DVB ISM POWER DETECT 7 TRANSMIT 97 ADC_LOG1 98 ADC_LOG2 99 STDBY 100 se_mode_t H I ll Oo struct se config s se mode t se mode intl16 t fe gain uint32 t first channel uint32 t last channel uint32 t bandwidth uintl6 t fft points uintl16 t dvb nr carriers float dvb guard interval float threshold power The struct se_s is the main struct of the SE Every instance of this struct is a SE As can be seen here we define a type se t which is a pointer the struct Another type is defined namely the type se mode t This type contains an enumeration of the different modes the SE can be in Last but not least there is the struct se config s This struct describes the configuration of a SE A detailed description of each mode with the corresponding parameters is given in Appendix A gt pwd home username software libs sensing gt cat sensing h 2 se t se open int spider int frontend int se init se t se h struct se config s se config void se close se t se h int se configure se t se h struct se config s se config uintl16 t mode int se check config se t se h struct se config s se config int se start measurement se t se h int se stop measurement se t se h 23 08 2012 imec confidential 28 C imec
7. connectors A picture of a WARP TRX board connected to a Spider v2 board is shown in Figure 3 8 One can distinguish the red black power supply cable coming from the Spider board providing the 5 V power supply for the WARP Radio Board 23 08 2012 imec confidential 12 K FE N f Y lt BB I CR imec J Sensing Engine User Manual Figure 3 6 WARP TRX board connected to a Spider v2 board 23 08 2012 imec confidential 13 C imec i Sensing Engine User Manual 4 Software This section describes the different software components of the SE All these components are included in the SE package that is made available to the user If a fixed version of the SE package is provided this package will contain an application folder The application can be C based or Matlab based In any case the folder will contain firmware for the platform bitfiles for the FPGA firmware for the DIFFS configuration files for the analog FE and runtime firmware for the USB chipset libraries to control the platform build scripts software to initialize the platform and one or more example applications If the application is C based some header files are available for creating an application The structure of the provided C based application folder would look something like this gt tree sensing_engine sensing_engine firmware diffs ft test fft test prog mem fft
8. package 5 1 Host PC 5 1 1 Installation The SE can only be used on a PC with Ubuntu as Operating System for now Therefore Ubuntu 10 04 2 LTS or a later version is installed from CD media Apply following settings e Welcome screen Select English and click Install Ubuntu 10 04 2 LTS e Select time zone e Keyboard Layout USA default e Prepare Disk Space Erase and use entire disk e Create User Account Name Administrator login administrator password choose any Computer name choose any in this example picard xps 02 is used Require password to log in e Review settings e Start installation After installation the OS is updated using Settings gt Administration gt Update Manager At the time of writing the system reads gt cat etc issue Ubuntu 10 04 3 LTS Mn M1 gt uname a Linux picard xps 02 2 6 32 37 generic 81 Ubuntu SMP Fri Dec 2 20 35 14 UTC 2011 i686 GNU Linux Following additional packages have been added to the system and all required depencies e nedit e vim e emacs e openssh server e openssh client e sshfs e tcsh e sdcc 23 08 2012 imec confidential 20 C imec Sensing Engine User Manual e openjdk 6 jre e libusb dev If the user wants to write his application in Matlab Matlab has to be installed We are using Matlab r2011a on the system Additional users can off course be added next to the administrator account 5 1 2 Spider USB
9. Scaldio 2b supply to header P3 e Place a 40 MHz oscillator on the socket X1 e Connect the Scaldio 2b reference clock FREF and ADC clock FADC to connectors J1 and J2 e Connect 4 antennas to the 4 UFL antenna connections e Finally connect the USB mini B header P2 to a USB port of the host PC 23 08 2012 imec confidential 24 3 c E Jf C imec Sensing Engine User Manual Since the Spider v2 PCB is used the use of the Spider v1 Scaldio 2b platform is no longer supported 5 4 2 Spider v2 Scaldio 2b Since the Scaldio 2b IO voltage is 2 5 V a cap must be placed on jumper T4 over pins 2V5 and VCCO This ensures that the FPGA bank connected to the Samtec header P7 is supplied with 2 5 V Connect the Scaldio 2b to the Spider v2 using the Samtec connectors with the Scaldio 2b on top of the Spider v2 Connect the Scaldio 2b supply to header P3 Place a 40 MHz oscillator on the socket X1 Connect the Scaldio 2b reference clock FREF and ADC clock FADC to connectors J1 and J2 Connect 4 antennas to the 4 UFL antenna connections Finally connect the USB mini B header P2 to a USB port of the host PC 5 4 3 Spider v2 WARP Since the WARP IO voltage is 3 3 V a cap must be placed on jumper T4 over pins 3V3 and VCCO This ensures that the FPGA bank connected to the Samtec header P7 is supplied with 3 3 V Connect the WARP TRX PCB and the WARP Radio
10. se 1 h fft result for i20 i my se config last channel my se config first channel 1 my se config fft points i printf fft result i fWn i fft result i if se get status se 1 h se close se 1 h if se get status se 2 h se close se 2 h return 0 First the main h include files is included This file will in its turn include all other include files Then we declare two instances of the se t type which will serve as instances of the SE Furthermore we have a number of floats and integers for control within the application Second we start the application by opening the two instances of the SE the numbers provided indicate which platforms to use In this case Spider v2 number 1 will be coupled to Scaldio2b number 24 and Spider v1 number 5 will be 23 08 2012 imec confidential 29 C imec f Sensing Engine User Manual coupled to a WARP Radio Board Then we initialize one of the SE s alter the configuration check this configuration reconfigure the SE start the measurement extract the result and print it to the screen After each step we give some feedback if the previous step was completed successfully or not In the end we close the instances of the SE and return from the application 6 4 Matlab applications Applications written in Matlab follow a different approach then C base applications First of all the library is more or less limited to the lowe
11. the baseband platform This baseband platform is not included in the SE The DIFFS is described more into detail in 3 and 4 Fourth there are some general purpose components such as an FPGA memory and some general purpose IO s The FPGA is a Spartan 6 LX45 5 It connects all digital components on the PCB on the hardware level Most IO voltages are fixed except for the pins connected to the analog FE connector as mentioned before Five of the 117 pins are connected to bank 0 and therefore fixed at 2 5 V The other 112 pins are connected to bank 1 with a selectable IO voltage 2 5 V and 3 3 V are foreseen on the PCB and can be selected by means of a jumper switch In principle it is possible to connect other IO voltages as well as long as it is supported by the FPGA The middle pin of the jumper should then be connected to an external power supply This has not been tested however The design on the FPGA is depending on the analog FE connected since the connections are different for every FE and every FE has its own specific functionality and interface Furthermore the FPGA code is different for the two different revisions of 23 08 2012 imec confidential 8 C imec Sensing Engine User Manual the Spider PCB The FPGA code is discussed more into detail in section 3 1 2 Next to the FPGA important for the SE is the memory present on the Spider PCB For revision 1 this is a 16 Mbit SRAM component for revision 2 thi
12. to install it is explained in section 5 1 The components used for the lab based integrated setup are not included in this section since this setup will never be distributed For more information on this setup one can refer to 2 The portable SE platform consists of a Spider PCB see section 3 1 connected to an analog front end possibly via an interconnect PCB Currently there are two analog FE solutions available imec s Scaldio 2b see section 3 2 and Rice University s WARP see section 3 3 3 1 Spider PCB The Spider PCB is a mixed signal design it houses both a digital and an analog part Its purpose is to provide an interface between the host PC and the rest of the platform to provide functionality in the SE and to provide power and clocking for the analog FE Two versions exist of the Spider PCB revision 2 mainly fixes some bugs from revision 1 A picture of both revisions is shown in Figure 3 1 and Figure 3 2 3 1 1 Description The Spider PCB can be fed in two different ways The most straightforward way is to use the USB power supply This way the total power consumption of the platform is limited to 500 mA at 5 V thus 2 5 W If more power is required a power jack can be plugged in It should output 5 V DC but this way the supply current is off course unlimited The analog part of the PCB can be summarized by looking at the in and outputs There is only one input namely a socket for an oscillator The oscillator i
13. usb libs sensing modules diffs scaldio warp platforms host ssi swi spider software c interface sensing engine set serial number matlab interface sensing engine ztex vhdl 23 08 2012 imec confidential 15 Sensing Engine User Manual coregen simulation sources synthesis The software folder which is the SW API will be discussed in section 4 2 As one can see the spider folder consists of two subfolders For the vhdl folder we refer to section 3 1 2 The software folder contains three subfolders the ztex folder is discussed in section 4 1 The other two folders are application folders which will be discussed in section 6 4 1 ZTEXEZ USB FX2 SDK The EZ USB FX2 Software Development Kit SDK developed by ZTEX 10 is an open source firmware development kit with a host software API It is developed especially for use with the chipset used on the Spider board Cypress EZ USB FX2LP The firmware kit can be used for writing and building the firmware for the 8051 microprocessor on the EZ USB device For writing the firmware a library with include files is available The firmware for the Sensing Engine is written in C For more info on how to compile firmware see section 4 2 2 For the compilation of firmware the firmware kit contains the Babel Macro Processor BMP a p
14. variable that indicates which analog FE is connected to the platform and include a check for this global variable in his functions and scripts In this script only the Spider board is selected Next the platform is reset and the FPGA version number is read from the FPGA After toggling on and off 23 08 2012 imec confidential 31 imec Kim Sensing Engine User Manual all LED s on the DACADC board the interface is closed If the user wants to control multiple platforms at the same time multiple Matlab windows have to be opened since the interface communicating with the active platform can only be linked to one Matlab window lala T fe z U ee fe Sz U 23 08 2012 imec confidential 32 C imec Sensing Engine User Manual 7 References 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Hardi ASIC Prototyping System HAPS Synopsys http www synopsys com S ystems FPGA BasedPrototyping Pages HAPS aspx M Desmet L Hollevoet DIFFS Multichip Demonstrator imec 2011 SSET WL PROTS doc L Hollevoet S Pollin DIFFS specification imec 2009 SSET WL DFEI doc A Couvreur et al D FFS hardware implementation imec 2010 SSET WL DFE3 DIFFS implementation doc Xilinx Spartan 6 LX45 PFGA http www xilinx com products silicon devices fpga spartan 6 Ix htm M Ingels et al A 5mm2 40nm LP CMOS 0 1 to 3GHz Multistandard Transceiver accepted for ISSCC 2010
15. 89 0 2012 01 18 15 54 001 crw rw r 1 root root 189 3 2012 01 18 15 54 004 crw rw rw 1 root root 189 24 2012 01 18 16 31 023 crw rw rw 1 root root 189 25 2012 01 18 16 31 024 The devices now have rw set to them Spider boards connected in the future will also have user read write permissions 5 1 3 SE package As mentioned before there are several versions of the SW API but in all cases a package will be provided This package will have the tar bz2 file extension The user should extract this package in the folder where the SE should be It is assumed here that the working directory is the user s home folder and that the package is located here as well Use the following command to extract the package gt pwd home username gt tar xjf SensingEngine ddmmyyyy tar bz2 If the user has received the complete SE package two folders will be created software and spider The software folder contains the SW API the spider folder contains a folder called vhdl with the FPGA code for the Spider and a folder called software for building and running applications A number of example applications will be provided If the user has received a fixed version of the SE package only a modified version of the last mentioned folder software will be provided In case the complete SW API is provided the environment variables USB DIR and PLATFORM DIR should be set to enable building and running all applicati
16. Board to the Spider v2 using the Samtec connectors with the WARP TRX PCB on top of the Spider v2 Connect the WARP TRX PCB supply header P4 to Spider v2 header P9 Place a 40 MHz oscillator on the socket X1 Connect the reference clock from the Spider v2 connector J3 to MMCX plug J7 on the WARP Radio Board Connect one or two antennas to the antenna connectors J1 and J2 on the WARP Radio Board Finally connect the USB mini B header P2 to a USB port of the host PC 23 08 2012 imec confidential 25 L J ese C imec Sensing Engine User Manual 6 Applications This section describes how to create and run an application This includes which files are needed how to create and build an application what output to expect etc As mentioned before there are two sorts of applications C based applications and Matlab based applications Both have their own separate folder In any case the platform has to be initialized before the application can be run This is also covered in this section 6 1 Programming a serial number This application is only available if the complete SE package is provided No specific initialization is needed in fact by initializing the platform the programming of the serial number is performed In the directory software interfaces usb there is the file set serial number c Open this file and change the serial number on line 42 in the one that has to be programmed If the serial numbe
17. If in some case more power would be required than the 2 5 Watts available from the USB port the user will have to place the cap over pins IN and T2 This way power from an external 5 V DC power supply can be used This power supply has to be connected to power jack header P2 Obviously the Spider PCB should be able to draw more than 500 mA current from the power supply e The serial number can now be programmed Therefore connect the USB mini B header P2 to a USB port of the previously installed host PC and run the specific application This application will only be available if the complete SW API is provided which means that if a fixed version of the SW API is provided the serial number will already be programmed in the Spider EEPROM More info on how to use this application can be found in section 6 When the serial number is programmed disconnect the USB cable again The Spider PCB is now ready to be used and to be connected to the rest of the platform 5 2 2 Spider v2 Preparation of the Spider v2 PCB requires the same steps as for the Spider v1 PCB but no hardware fixes are required The only difference is that a yellow sticker should be used instead of a white one Also one additional step is required before disconnecting 23 08 2012 imec confidential 23 C imec Sensing Engine User Manual the USB cable the clock buffer chip U19 supply voltage should be regulated to approximately 3 1 V This supply vol
18. NSMIT short description not defined yet 10 ADC LOGI short description log the time domain samples coming out of the ADC of Scaldio2b There are 901 channels available numbered from 1 to 901 which corresponds to every possible Scaldio2b carrier frequency 23 08 2012 imec confidential 37 Cimec e Sensing Engine User Manual fe gain gain setting of the analog front end between 27 and 100 for Scaldio2b 100 being maximum gain first channel and last channel the first and last channel to take into account Both must be integer numbers and last channel must always be bigger than or equal to first channel The channel frequency equals e 93 75 MHz 625 kHz channel number 1 for channel 1 to 151 e 187 5 MHz 1 25 MHz channel number 151 for channel 151 to 301 e 375 Hz 2 5 MHz channel number 301 for channel 301 to 451 e 750 MHz 5 MHz channel number 451 for channel 451 to 601 e 1 5 GHz 10 MHz channel number 601 for channel 601 to 751 e 3 GHz 20 MHz channel number 751 for channel 751 to 901 bandwidth not applicable Fixed at 10 MHz fft points not applicable in this mode dvb nr carriers not applicable in this mode dvb guard interval not applicable in this mode threshold power not applicable in this mode output each run yields an array of samples with the number of channels times two times 1023 floats Every first value is the real part of the sample ev
19. V Giannini M Ingels T Sano B Debaillie J Borremans J Craninckx A multiband LTE SAW less modulator with 160dBc Hz RX band noise in 40nm LP CMOS accepted for ISSCC 2011 Rice University WARP Project http warp rice edu Mango Communications Inc http www mangocomm com ZTEX GmbH http www ztex de 23 08 2012 imec confidential 33 C imec Sensing Engine User Manual Appendix A List of all configurations of the SE and their output 1 FFT SWEEP short description sweep a part of the spectrum and perform an FFT calculation on each subband There are 291 subbands available for Scaldio2b numbered from 1 to 291 there are 28 subbands available for WARP numbered from 1 to 28 Each subband is 20 MHz wide spread around the channel frequency ADC sampling speed is 40 MHz for both Scaldio2b and WARP fe gain gain setting of the analog front end between 27 and 100 for Scaldio2b between 5 and 100 for WARP 100 being maximum gain first channel and last channel the first and last channel to sweep Both must be integer numbers and last channel must always be bigger than or equal to first channel Scaldio2b the channel frequency equals 200 MHz 20 MHz channel number 1 Must be an integer number between 1 and 291 WARP the channel frequency equals e 2 412 GHz 20 MHz channel number 1 for channel 1 to 4 e 2 84 GHz for channel 5 e 5 18 GHz 20 MHz channel number 6 for channe
20. access By default unknown USB devices are only rw for root root Others only have read permissions To fix this a rule has to be created for the udev driver so it knows what to do when a Spider is connected to the host PC The Spider board is a bit special in that sense that it has 2 USB identification IDs When plugged in it identifies itself as 04b4 8613 Cypress Semiconductor Corp CY7C68013 EZ USB FX2 USB 2 0 Development Kit on the USB bus When it is configured firmware is downloaded to reconfigure the USB interface From then on it identifies itself as 221a 0100 So both devices will have to be added to the udev rule in order to get it to work This is done as follows 1 Plug in the Spider USB device 2 Check the Vendor and Product ID through lsusb gt lsusb Bus 005 Device 001 ID 1d6b 0001 Linux Foundation 1 1 root hub Bus 004 Device 002 ID 046d c00e Logitech Inc M BJ58 M BJ69 Optical Wheel Mouse Bus 004 Device 001 ID 1d6b 0001 Linux Foundation 1 1 root hub Bus 003 Device 001 ID 1d6b 0001 Linux Foundation 1 1 root hub Bus 002 Device 001 ID 1d6b 0001 Linux Foundation 1 1 root hub Bus 001 Device 024 ID 04b4 8613 Cypress Semiconductor Corp CY7C68013 EZ USB FX2 USB 2 0 Development Kit Bus 001 Device 023 ID 04b4 8613 Cypress Semiconductor Corp CY7C68013 EZ USB FX2 USB 2 0 Development Kit Bus 001 Device 004 ID 3923 709b National Instruments Corp Bus 001 Device 001 ID 1d6b 0002 Linux Foundation 2 0 root hub
21. cag 23 5 2 2 eam P A 23 53 WARP 24 5 3 1 WARP POB ossis 24 5 3 2 WARP TRA BGB iier uei austen oet Aha eee ace 24 5 4 Sensing ENGINE wisscavcsanssvcctscastaseusesecavaresivveiavenesersaeeusnsvouvntensaneesnisvenesvanevbeceseversseesepncs 24 5 4 1 Spider v1 Scaldio 2b cccccccccccssssssncceceesesessneeseceeeesesseaeanseceesesessananseceesess 24 5 4 2 Spider v2 Scaldio 2b cccccccccecsssssenecceceeecsesssanacceceesesessanaeeeceeeesesssanaeseceeeess 25 5 4 3 Spider V2 WARP E S 25 6 Applications P 26 23 08 2012 imec confidential 2 C imec f Sensing Engine User Manual 61 Programming a serial number o cscscisscssseccessesccscisscessestutescsoosedvcesbessansstssevaesnienses 26 6 2 Intalization of th SE aboenboe sdb or ddp dicar DUREE OF sr saav ssas A UA RE 26 GS C based applications oos estis ter rue pH UR eE psa rae EDUEURE EU VM PE DNE URN ERE VE DR HR e 27 6 3 1 The ssernsing libDlaby eredareista ee ees dere Cot oe xe kaeaea aie aee aiea ae Totes 27 6 3 2 Example applications ete eed ee t E wed te e tirare 29 64 Matlab applications uscire ni edtn red ep URL cin Is Eu FOXPOR IU ARE pensas sssini ssia 30 7 Referentes M 33 Appendix A UT
22. e User Manual streams The translation between the different interfaces and the USB chipset is done by the Spider Back End or spiderback A FPGA SPIDER PCB SPIDERBACK Program interface USB_FX2 lt USB chipset mr FIFO system DIFFS interfaces lt DIFFS Memory interfaces Front End SAMTEC Analog Front Figure 3 3 Simplified look of the FPGA design on the Spider board For every FPGA design a bitfile is created This bitfile can be uploaded to the FPGA via the USB chipset using the ZTEX EZ USB FX2 SDK see section 4 1 3 2 Scaldio 2b PCB This board depicted in Figure 3 4 houses the Scaldio 2b chip The Scaldio chip is in the center of the PCB under a protective acrylic glass shield It is a flexible RF front end a single chip reconfigurable receiver transmitter and 2 frequency synthesizers in 40 nm CMOS technology The flexible receiver including analog to digital converter is fully software configurable across all channels in the frequency bands between 100 MHz and 6 GHz Its properties can be adapted to the requirements of the standards that are used For more information see 6 23 08 2012 imec confidential 10 imec Sensing Engine User Manual Figure 3 4 Picture of the SCALDIO 2b test PCB For using the receiver section of the chip the following connections are available on the PCB e 4 UFL con
23. e se t se h short description closes the given sensing engine return value none parameters e se h pointer to the se handler struct of the sensing engine to be closed 4 intse configure se tse h struct se config s se config uintl6 t mode short description configures the given sensing engine with the given configuration and mode return value 1 on success O otherwise parameters e se h pointer to the se handler struct of the sensing engine to be configured e se config se configuration struct to be configured e mode mode of operation 0 for single measurement 1 for continuous operation 5 intse check config se tse h struct se config sse config short description checks the given configuration return value 1 if valid configuration 0 otherwise parameters e se h pointer to the se handler struct of the active sensing engine e se config the se configuration struct that has to be checked 23 08 2012 imec confidential 40 C imec Sensing Engine User Manual 6 int se_start_measurement se_t se_h short description starts the sensing engine return value if sensing thread was started successfully 0 otherwise parameters e se h pointer to the se handler struct of the active sensing engine 7 intse stop measurement se t se_h short description stops the active sensing engine activities return value 1 if sensing was stopped successfully 0 otherwise para
24. e specific interfaces on the FPGA Each function has documentation in its file to which we refer to for more detailed information on the specific functions These functions are e adc spi write e clk spi write 23 08 2012 imec confidential 30 C imec Sensing Engine User Manual e dac spi write e mcp4822 spi write e fill tx buffer e i2c_read e i2c_write e NoCCtil e NOCReset e NOCWrite e program_scaldio e read full rx buffer e read rx buffer e sram read e sram write e Start rx e stop rx e Start tx e Stop tx e stream tx data e stop tx streaming A basic example application is included in the application folder and can be found in the sources folder gt pwd home username spider software matlab_interface mexusb gt cd home username spider software matlab_interface sources gt cat main m addpath lib change the serial number hereunder to the correct one if needed spiderback init 05 spiderback reset disp FPGA bitfile version spiderback read single reg 4140 spiderback read single reg 4141 toggling the status leds of the DACADC board spiderback write single reg 5ff8 001e pause 1 spiderback write single reg 5ff8 0000 disp Closing interface spiderback close As can be seen it is not possible to select the analog FE during initialization The user can do this himself for example by creating a global
25. er Manual threshold_power not applicable in this mode output each run yields an array of samples with the number of channels times two times 24575 floats Every first value is the real part of the sample every second value the imaginary part Only the number of samples indicated by the function call that fetches the result see Appendix B is valid 12 STDBY short description stand by mode Not implemented yet 23 08 2012 imec confidential 39 C imec Sensing Engine User Manual Appendix B List of all functions in the sensing library 1 se tse open int spider int frontend short description opens a new sensing engine if available return value the pointer to the SE handler struct of the opened sensing engine parameters e spider integer that equals the Spider board serial number this determines also the SE and DIFFS handler e frontend integer which represents the front end serial number O stands for any WARP radio board module any other stands for the Scaldio board serial number 2 intse init se tse h struct se config s se config short description initializes a given sensing engine return value 1 on success 0 otherwise parameters e se h pointer to the se handler struct of the sensing engine to be initialized e se config pointer to a se configuration struct the default configuration after initialization will be copied to this pointer 3 voidse clos
26. ery second value the imaginary part Only the number of samples indicated by the function call that fetches the result see Appendix B is valid 11 ADC LOG2 short description log the time domain samples coming out of the ADC of WARP There are 37 channels available numbered from 1 to 37 which corresponds to every possible WARP carrier frequency fe gain gain setting of the analog front end between 5 and 100 for WARP 100 being maximum gain first channel and last channel the first and last channel to take into account Both must be integer numbers and last channel must always be bigger than or equal to first channel The channel frequency equals e 2 412 GHz 5 MHz channel number 1 for channel 1 to 13 2 484 GHz for channel 14 5 18 GHz 20 MHz channel number 15 for channel 15 to 22 e 5 5 GHz 20 MHz channel number 23 for channel 23 to 33 e 5 745 GHz 20 MHz channel number 34 for channel 34 to 37 bandwidth selectable from following values 6 75 MHz 7 125 MHz 7 5 MHz 7 875 MHz 8 25 MHz 8 55 MHz 9 025 MHz 9 5 MHz 9 975 MHz 10 45 MHz 12 6 MHz 13 3 MHz 14 MHz 14 7 MHz 15 4 MHz 16 2 MHz 17 1 MHz 18 MHz 18 9 MHz and 19 8 MHz Enter a value in Hz fft points not applicable in this mode dvb nr carriers not applicable in this mode dvb guard interval not applicable in this mode 23 08 2012 imec confidential 38 lala m x z U ee fe Sz U imec Kim Sensing Engine Us
27. file in the folder where it can be created If a fixed SE package is provided the folders will contain the necessary firmware and bitfile s gt cd home username spider software c interface sensing engine setup csh 1 gt cd home username spider software matlab interface 23 08 2012 imec confidential 26 C imec Sensing Engine User Manual gt setup csh 1 6 3 C based applications The C based applications are based on a set of libraries that can be created in the SW API When an application is built the build script will use the source files from the sources folder and refer to the libraries in the libraries folder The source files in their turn are based on the header files in the includes folder If the complete SE package is provided these libraries will be a symbolic link to the corresponding library files in the corresponding platform folder where it can be created If a fixed SW API is provided the folder will contain the actual libraries The same goes for the include files The libraries can be static or shared As explained before these libraries enable the use of specific functionality on a specific platform All available functionality consisting of a number of toplevel functions and structs is collected in the header file specific for this library This means that by including this header file in his source file the user can use all available functionality without having to k
28. h the number of channels times two Every first value is a qualifier for the cyclostationary property of the received signal for the corresponding channel every second value is O if the first value is lower than the threshold or 1 otherwise 8 ISM POWER DETECT short description determine the instantaneous power in a number of ISM band channels There are 89 channels available numbered from 1 to 89 Each channel is 2 or 4 MHz wide spread around the channel frequency ADC sampling speed is 40 MHz for both Scaldio2b and WARP fe gain gain setting of the analog front end between 27 and 100 for Scaldio2b between 5 and 100 for WARP 100 being maximum gain first channel and last channel the first and last channel to take into account Both must be integer numbers and last channel must always be bigger than or equal to first channel The channel frequency equals 2 404 GHz 1 MHz channel number 1 bandwidth 1 MHz or 2 MEZ depending on the width of the channel Enter a value in Hz fft points not applicable in this mode dvb nr carriers not applicable in this mode dvb guard interval not applicable in this mode threshold power threshold to compare the instantaneous power to output each run yields an array with the number of channels times two Every first value is a logarithmic power value for the corresponding channel every second value is 0 in case the power value is lower than the threshold or 1 otherwise 9 TRA
29. icable Fixed at 10 MHz for Scaldio2b and 10 45 MHz for WARP fft points not applicable in this mode dvb nr carriers not applicable in this mode dvb guard interval not applicable in this mode threshold power threshold to compare the instantaneous power to output each run yields an array with the number of channels times two Every first value is a logarithmic power value for the corresponding channel every second value is 0 in case the power value is lower than the threshold or 1 otherwise 4 BLUETOOTH short description determine the instantaneous power in a number of IEEE 802 15 1 channels There are 79 channels available numbered from 1 to 79 following the IEEE 802 15 1 standard Each channel is 1 MHz wide spread around the channel frequency ADC sampling speed is 40 MHz for both Scaldio2b and WARP fe gain gain setting of the analog front end between 27 and 100 for Scaldio2b between 5 and 100 for WARP 100 being maximum gain first channel and last channel the first and last channel to take into account Both must be integer numbers and last channel must always be bigger than or equal to first channel The channel frequency equals 2 402 GHz 1 MHz channel number 1 23 08 2012 imec confidential 35 Cimec e Sensing Engine User Manual bandwidth not applicable Fixed at 10 MHz for Scaldio2b and automatically calculated for WARP fft points not applicable in this mode dvb nr ca
30. ity Some functionality is enabled by the DIFFS chip other functionality is enabled and thus depending on the analog front end that is connected to the SPIDER PCB It is also possible to include functionality in the SW API or even in the application itself The following list describes the capabilities that have been verified this does not mean however that all functionality is available on each possible configuration of the SE e Reception and logging of RF data e Transmission of RF data e Fast Fourier Transform of RF data e DVB T sensing on RF data e power measurements in the ISM band As mentioned before this list is limited to the capabilities that been verified at the time of writing When additional capabilities are tested and found stable these will be included in this document The capabilities of the different components are discussed in section 4 2 as the SW API controls all functionality not enabled by the application The functionality enabled by the application is discussed in section 6 To be able to control the SE there are a number of requirements for the standard laptop It has to run a Linux OS with some tweaks This is explained in section 5 23 08 2012 imec confidential 6 C imec Sensing Engine User Manual 3 Hardware This section describes the different hardware components of the platform thus excluding the host PC that is used to control the system The requirements of this PC and how
31. l 6 to 13 e 5 5 GHz 20 MHz channel number 14 for channel 14 to 24 e 5 745 GHz 20 MHz channel number 25 for channel 25 to 28 bandwidth not applicable Fixed at 10 MHz for Scaldio2b and 10 45 MHz for WARP fft points number of bins in the FFT calculation Must be 16 32 64 or 128 Currently only 128 supported dvb nr carriers not applicable in this mode dvb guard interval not applicable in this mode threshold power not applicable in this mode output each sweep yields an array with the number of channels times the number of FFT points values Every value is a logarithmic power value for the corresponding FFT bin Note take into account an 8 MHz overlap between channel 4 and 5 in case the WARP analog FE is used 2 WLAN G short description determine the instantaneous power in a number of IEEE 802 11g channels There are 14 channels available numbered from 1 to 14 following the IEEE 802 11g standard Each channel is 5 MHz wide spread around the channel frequency ADC sampling speed is 40 MHz for both Scaldio2b and WARP fe gain gain setting of the analog front end between 27 and 100 for Scaldio2b between 5 and 100 for WARP 100 being maximum gain first channel and last channel the first and last channel to take into account Both must be integer numbers and last channel must always be bigger than or equal to 23 08 2012 imec confidential 34 Cimec C Sensing Engine User Manual
32. mec Interuniversity Microelectronics Center Kapeldreef 75 B 3001 Leuven CRR BB CRR FE ae n eel Sensing Engine User Manual Authors Mattias Desmet Date 23 08 2012 C imec e Sensing Engine User Manual Table of Contents d m 2 List of abbreviations ssssvessssrsssseiscssssssessoessgsrsssksasvasisosesssssavivs MUERE ERE EU ROME 4 1 aR CCE oases oie pco ene eel Eee Ego Hd ED nce rrene saser eee 5 AM oi s P 6 AB IL Dll H T 7 31 Spider PCB rc 7 3 1 1 DeSCrIDbIOFI droite teintes teetdon E 7 3 1 2 FPGA CODE wie c E 9 3 2 SCALAIO 2b PCB 10 33 WARP TRX PCB and WARP Radio Board eerie entente 11 DH isi M HH 14 41 ZIEXEZ USB PX2 SDK wisscscssssecscstsnnsessasccnncansecsscnssacescadtecnasassenssnadsacrenesacsaasassenans 16 4 2 Software y NT 16 4 2 1 The SW API as part of the SE package ccccccccccccssssssseceeceecsesessnseeeeeeesessessnaeens 17 4 2 2 Structure of the SW AP 2 cene cete iiiad aiiai 17 ciini m H 20 Dal HOSE uc 20 5 1 1 eli 20 5 1 2 Spider USB dCC8Ss eee ices bs cs rotes eerte bere eint esetiivedee imus Paseo iioc 21 5 1 3 SE Pack age m 22 BS Spider M ues 23 5 2 1
33. mes two Every first value is a logarithmic power value for the corresponding channel every second value is 0 in case the power value is lower than the threshold or 1 otherwise 6 LTE short description not defined yet 7 DVBT short description cyclostationary detection for channels of the DVB T standard There are 51 channels available numbered from 16 to 66 Each channel is 8 MHz wide spread around the channel frequency ADC sampling speed is 40 MHz for Scaldio2b This mode is not available for WARP front ends fe gain gain setting of the analog front end between 27 and 100 100 being maximum gain first channel and last channel the first and last channel to take into account Both must be integer numbers and last channel must always be bigger than or equal to 23 08 2012 imec confidential 36 Cimec C Sensing Engine User Manual first channel The channel frequency equals 434 MHz 8 MHz channel number 16 bandwidth not applicable Fixed at 10 MHz fft points not applicable in this mode dvb nr carriers the number of carriers per symbol Set to 2048 for 2k mode or 8192 for 8k mode dvb guard interval portion of the symbol that is copied in front of the signal in order to create a cyclic signal and hence avoid ISI Floating point value which must be set to 1 4 1 8 1 16 or 1 32 threshold power threshold to compare the instantaneous power to output each run yields an array wit
34. meters e se h pointer to the se handler struct of the active sensing engine 8 intse location se tse h float current loc short description returns the location of the sensing engine return value 1 on success O otherwise parameters e se h pointer to the se handler struct of the active sensing engine e current loc pointer to an array of floats where the location x y z values will be copied 9 intse get result se tse h float destination short description fetches the result of the last sensing engine measurement return value 1 on success O otherwise parameters e se h pointer to the se handler struct of the active sensing engine e destination pointer where the sensing results will be copied to The user has to make sure that enough memory space is allocated e optional parameter in case of ADC samples logging an integer number that represents the number of IQ couples to fetch 10 intse get status se tse h short description returns the status of the sensing engine return value 1 or more if in use O if free parameters e se h pointer to the se handler struct of the active sensing engine 23 08 2012 imec confidential 41
35. nections to connect the antenna to the corresponding LNA e 120 pin QSH Samtec connector This connector contains the digital output signals from the ADC including a clock signal on which the data can be sampled The data signal consists of 11 bits e SMB jack to input the reference clock for the receiver PLL FREF e 1 SMB jack to input the ADC sampling clock FADC Power is supplied to the board using the 19 pins header at the bottom of the PCB the other connectors are not used for normal receiver operation of the chip The Scaldio has a Network On Chip NOC for configuration This interface consists of 5 signals that can be accessed through the Samtec connector 3 3 WARP TRX PCB and WARP Radio Board The third analog FE solution is the WARP Radio Board designed by Rice University 8 The Radio Board is a daughtercard which provides a single RF transceiver with a digital baseband interface which is commercially available for everyone 9 The RF transceiver on the Radio Board is Maxim s MAX2829 which is designed for dual band 802 11 a g applications covering both the 2 4 GHz to 2 5 GHz band and the 4 9 GHz to 5 875 GHz band The received analog baseband signal is sampled by an AD9248 while the RSSI output is sampled by an AD9200 The analog baseband signal for transmission is generated by an AD9777 Both the ADC s and the DAC are designed by Analog Devices The digital IQ and RSSI signals as well as the digital control signals fo
36. now about underlying specifications The available functionality is covered in section 6 3 1 To build an application a Makefile is foreseen This Makefile will compile the selected source files in the Objects folder and build an executable in the Output folder The default name of the executable is MAIN but this can be changed in the Makefile as well By typing make the Makefile will build the application by typing make clean all intermediate files and executables will be erased by typing make cleanall all intermediate files and executables and all folders will be erased make cleanall cleaning done leaning all done 0 make creating Objects dir done creating Output dir done compiling done building done 6 3 1 The sensing library As explained in section 4 2 2 the sensing library provides a library of functionality We will now take a closer look to the content of the header file belongs to the sensing library It can be found in the includes folder and is called sensing h First let s take 23 08 2012 imec confidential 27 C imec Sensing Engine User Manual a look at the different structs and types afterwards we will examine the functions more into detail gt pwd home username gt cd software libs sensing gt cat sensing h typedef struct se s se t typedef enum FFT SWEEP
37. oducing the different hardware components the software needed for the SE to run and how to install a Sensing Engine from scratch Third the user is explained how to actually use the Sensing Engine As mentioned before this will include some reference applications that have been developed but also how the user can create its own applications 23 08 2012 imec confidential 5 C imec Sensing Engine User Manual 2 Overview The first version of the Sensing Engine was a lab based integrated demonstrator although at that time it was not referred to as Sensing Engine This platform consisted of a HAPS 32 FPGA board 1 on which both an analog front end Scaldio 2b and a digital front end DIFFS where plugged The term Sensing Engine was first adopted when a portable setup was created that can be controlled from a standard laptop This is explained in the deliverable on the multichip demonstrator with DIFFS 2 Accordingly the capabilities of this first version of the SE were limited to what was verified and tested on the lab based demonstrator When the SE was thoroughly tested it was decided to use it for other purposes apart from demonstrations such as measurements As can be concluded from this paragraph the platform can take on different forms This is discussed more into details in section 3 When looking at the capabilities attention should be paid to the component that is enabling a piece of functional
38. ons To 23 08 2012 imec confidential 22 C imec Sensing Engine User Manual avoid having to set these variables each time a new terminal is opened these can be added to the user s runtime configuration script gt setenv USB DIR home username software interfaces usb gt setenv PLATFORM_DIR home username software platforms swi 5 2 Spider PCB Before connecting power to a Spider board either by connecting the USB cable or the DC power jack it has to be prepared for proper operation Both versions of the Spider board have to be prepared in a different way In this section we are starting from PCB s coming straight from the PCB assembly company 5 2 4 Spider v1 When using a Spider v1 PCB please make sure that the necessary hardware fixes are executed pin 5 of U6 should be shorted to pin 6 of U6 pin 5 of U17 should be connected to pin 13 of U17 and pin 14 of U17 should be connected to pin 16 of U17 e First determine the serial number of the PCB and print it on a white sticker using font face Calibri and font size 16 then place the label on the Spider PCB As soon as the Spider is connected to the host PC see below the serial number must be written in the Spider EEPROM to enable the distinction between different Spider PCBs connected to a single host PC e Place a cap on jumper T2 over pins USB and T2 This way we are using power from the USB port which has proven to be sufficient
39. owerful general purpose macro processor that can be used with many languages e g Pascal or C The BMP is written in Freepascal and is known to run on Linux and Windows but should run an every platform that is supported by Freepascal Pre build binaries and scripts required for compiling the firmware are included in the firmware kit The firmware kit also contains a firmware and bitstream upload utility called FWLoader FWLoader is a batch script with many possibilities such as scanning for compatible devices uploading firmware to an internal 16 kB RAM on the EZ USB device uploading a bitstream to an FPGA via the EZ USB device accessing EEPROM memory etc All accesses are done via USB so no JTAG connection is required The host software API is written in Java and allows platform independent host software However it is not used in the Sensing Engine Instead a specific SE API was written in C based on the libusb C library The SE API is covered in section 4 2 The EZ USB FX2 SDK is available as an archive from the website of ZTEX 10 and should be extracted to enable its functionality When the user receives a SE API package however all necessary files will be included in this package so no extra downloads are required 4 2 Software API The Software Application Programming Interface SW API is a software library built to use the Sensing Engine Since there are several possible configurations of the platform there are also several
40. r is for a Spider v1 board the offset is 0 if the serial number is for a Spider v2 board the offset is 0x80 or 128 For example Spider v1 number 1 will have serial number 0x01 Spider v1 number 4 will have serial number 0x04 Spider v2 number 3 will have serial number 0x83 Spider v2 number 18 will have serial number 0x92 Save and close the file and build the application Now go to the folder containing the script to run the application and run it Following unix commands are needed gt pwd home username cd software interfaces usb nedit set serial number c mak f Makefile setup gt cd home username gt gt cd spider software c_interface set_serial_number run csh 6 2 Initialization of the SE Before running an application the platform has to be initialized Therefore a c shell script is located in both application folders called setup csh This script will load the runtime firmware in the USB chipset initialize the Spider PCB and program the bitfile in the FPGA An argument has to be provided when calling the script to indicate how much platforms have to be initialized As mentioned before every platform needs its own specific bitfile depending on the configuration of the platform All bitfiles are stored in the fpga folder The firmware is loaded from the firmware folder If the complete SE package is provided both firmware and bitfile s will be a symbolic link to the corresponding
41. r of applications will be available but the user can create its own applications as well using the SW API To be able to use the SE two components or parts will be provided one or more platforms and an SE package This SE package is an archive file extension tar bz2 and can come in different forms If a so called fixed version of the SE package is provided this means the archive contains a limited set of functionality for the platform This functionality will be available in the form of a set of libraries that contain a part of the SW API which can be used to build an application This implies that the user will not be able to change the delivered functionality but will only be able to add or ignore some functionality in his application If the whole SE package is delivered however all functionality of the SE will be available including all source files that are used to generate this functionality This means the complete SW API including its source files but also the source files for the FPGA code and scripts to create bitfiles libraries and so on The purpose of this document is threefold First it gives an overview of the capabilities of the SE at the time of writing Please note that this document will be updated regularly to include updates in the SW API newly developed applications or to describe the integration of new hardware in the platform Second a detailed description of the Sensing Engine is given by intr
42. r the different components on the Radio Board are available through two Hirose headers Power is supplied to the WARP Radio Board through these connectors as well The RF part consisting of a power amplifier PA an antenna switch bandpass filters BPF and baluns connects to two SMA jacks to connect an antenna to Three clocks have to 23 08 2012 imec confidential 11 C imec Sensing Engine User Manual be provided to the board the RF reference clock is fed through an MMCX plug and must be 20 MHz or 40 MHz the IQ sampling clock can be fed both differential and single ended using a dedicated clock header or using the Hirose connectors and must be 40 MHz the RSSI sampling clock is fed trough the Hirose connectors and should be 20 MHz or lower A picture of the WARP Radio Board is shown in Figure 3 7 Figure 3 5 Rice University WARP Radio Board To be able to connect the WARP Radio Board to the digital part of the SE platform an interface board is needed This WARP TRX PCB is designed especially for interfacing between the WARP Radio Board and the Spider v2 board Two Hirose connectors are foreseen on the TRX board to connect the WARP Radio Board to and a SAMTEC connector is foreseen for the Spider board The signals from the Hirose connectors are routed to the Samtec connector some after level shifting A two pin header enables the connection of a 5 V power supply which is routed to the supply pins on the Hirose
43. rriers not applicable in this mode dvb guard interval not applicable in this mode threshold power threshold to compare the instantaneous power to output each run yields an array with the number of channels times two Every first value is a logarithmic power value for the corresponding channel every second value is O0 in case the power value is lower than the threshold or 1 otherwise 5 ZIGBEE short description determine the instantaneous power in a number of IEEE 802 15 4 Zigbee channels There are 16 channels available numbered from 11 to 26 following the IEEE 802 15 4 standard Each channel is 2 MHz wide spread around the channel frequency ADC sampling speed is 40 MHz for both Scaldio2b and WARP fe gain gain setting of the analog front end between 27 and 100 for Scaldio2b between 5 and 100 for WARP 100 being maximum gain first channel and last channel the first and last channel to take into account Both must be integer numbers and last channel must always be bigger than or equal to first channel The channel frequency equals 2 35 GHz 5 MHz channel number bandwidth not applicable Fixed at 10 MHz for Scaldio2b and automatically calculated for WARP fft points not applicable in this mode dvb nr carriers not applicable in this mode dvb guard interval not applicable in this mode threshold power threshold to compare the instantaneous power to output each run yields an array with the number of channels ti
44. ructure struct and 10 functions The struct holds information on the state of the interface and which USB device is coupled to it Note that it is possible for multiple instances of the struct to be active at the same time since it is possible that multiple Spider boards are connected to a single PC Four of the functions are used for data transfer to and from the Spider board respectively for reading and writing single or 23 08 2012 imec confidential 17 Cimec C Sensing Engine User Manual multiple values The six other functions are used for controlling the interface namely for opening initializing resetting testing and closing an interface and getting its status The same 10 functions are also available in the Host interface as is the struct This means no difference is perceived between these interfaces by the higher layers of the SW API Next to the source files for the interface each directory contains the script needed for building the corresponding library Additionally the USB interface directory contains the firmware source files and the scripts to build the firmware The second layer is the so called platform layer Every platform uses the same functionality provided by the interface layer but can offer different functionality to the higher layers depending on the platform Every platform also has its own specific memory and register mapping which is included in the platform by the use of include files F
45. s fed with 4 8 V its output frequency should be lower than 166 MHz There are five outputs three connectors for clocking and two for power The connectors for clocking provide high impedant clocks which are routed to two SMB jacks and one MMCX jack The frequency is equal to the frequency of the oscillator the output voltage swing is adjustable between 2 5 V and 3 3 V The power connectors provide a clean supply for the analog FE On one hand there is a two pins connector one pin for ground and one for 5 V On the other hand there is a four pins connector one pin for ground one for 1 2 V one for 1 4 V and one for 2 5 V 23 08 2012 imec confidential 7 imec Sensing Engine User Manual Figure 3 1 Spider v1 PCB The digital part can be divided in four parts First it foresees the connection to the host PC through a USB connection the same that is providing the power supply as mentioned before The chipset used is Cypress EZ USB FX2LP Second a high speed 120 pins connector foresees an interface to connect the analog FE to One pin is reserved to indicate the output voltage of the connector see below Two other pins are reserved to output a differential clock which is a LVPECL version of the output of the oscillator mentioned in the previous paragraph All other 117 pins are connected to the FPGA Third the PCB contains imec s DIFFS chip The DIFFS chip is a digital FE the link between the analog FE and
46. s is a 64 MByte SDRAM component PENES i J 48 2 ag i oY 5 n i Rr ui Figure 3 2 Spider v2 PCB 3 1 2 FPGA code As mentioned in the previous section there are a number of designs of the FPGA code The design is depending on the version of the Spider board and which FPGA it has on board the analog FE connected to the Spider board and possibly depending on the desired functionality This last dependency will not be covered here since it can be very specific For example it is possible to exclude e g transmit functionality from a design or to change the size of the transmit or receive buffer If the whole SE package is provided the source files are available to finetune the design The purpose of the FPGA is to connect all different components on the physical level This means that for different components different FPGA code will be needed since this means the pin connections will be different Also every component has its own specific interface running at different clock speeds meaning the FPGA design can differ for different components This is shown in Figure 3 3 Examples of interfaces are the DIFFS host interface DIFFS control interface DIFFS front end interface SRAM interface SDRAM interface RX interface TX interface WARP interface etc All interfaces are controlled by the Program interface and use a FIFO system to handle data 23 08 2012 imec confidential 9 C imec Sensing Engin
47. st layer of the SW API This means basic connectivity is provided by the library but there are some additional functions available that require a specific sequence of commands This is due to the fact that Matlab applications up until now have only been used as a mean for connecting to or testing other hardware The functionality on the Spider PCB was always used by means of the SW API It is however possible that in the future a more extended library of Matlab functionality will be added to the SE Basic functionality consists of the following Matlab functions e spiderback open e spiderback init e spiderback reset e spiderback close e spiderback write single reg e spiderback read single reg e spiderback write burst e spiderback read burst We refer to the documentation added to these functions for more information By typing help function name in Matlab this documentation can be visualized The coupling of these functions to the hardware is done by a file called mexusb c This is a C file based on the spider c file from the SW API To be able to address it from within Matlab a kind of executable has to be built This is done by typing make in the mexusb folder This command will also add the basic functions to the library gt pwd home username gt cd spider software matlab interface mexusb make The additional functionality consists of a number of functions mainly designed to control or interface with th
48. t layer contains the toplevel SE functionality We call this layer the library as it foresees a library of functions that can be used in applications For now only one library is present namely the sensing library Similar to the content of the modules layer the sensing library contains a struct which is in fact an instance of the library and thus actually is a Sensing Engine This means each SE is a struct that keeps track of the state of the SE the configuration of the SE and also holds the structs of the different modules that belong to the SE This way all information on the SE is bundled in one instance of a struct Next to this struct there are again a number of functions that in this particular case are available to the user These functions can be used to open initialize and close a SE to configure it to start or stop it and to get results from it A prototype of the struct holding the configuration of the SE and of all 23 08 2012 imec confidential 18 imec Sensing Engine User Manual available functions is available in the sensing library header file This header file is included in every SE package lala T z z U ee fe Sz U 23 08 2012 imec confidential 19 C imec Sensing Engine User Manual 5 Installation This section describes how the Sensing Engine has to be installed This includes the setup of the platform the configuration of the host PC and the handling of the SE
49. tage corresponds to the output of voltage regulator U11 which can be measured on pin 5 To change the output voltage use potentiometer R59 When the output voltage is set disconnect the USB cable again The Spider v2 PCB is now ready to be used and to be connected to the rest of the platform 5 3 WARP 5 3 1 WARP PCB As the WARP Radio Board is a complete analog FE solution only one item has to be adressed To connect the sampling clock coming from the Spider PCB to the WARP Radio Board two resistors have to be mounted both R77 and R78 require a 0 Ohm resistor 5 3 2 WARP TRX PCB Since the WARP TRX PCB is custom made no preparation is needed R13 and R14 should not be mounted since these resistors connect an alternative clock signal to the WARP Radio Board which is not needed 5 4 Sensing Engine There are currently three different configurations of the SE platform Spider v1 connected to Scaldio 2b Spider v2 connected to Scaldio 2b and Spider v2 connected to the WARP TRX PCB and a WARP Radio Board If desired multiple SE platforms can be connected to the same host PC 5 4 1 Spider v1 Scaldio 2b e Since the Scaldio 2b IO voltage is 2 5 V a cap must be placed on jumper T4 over pins 2V5 and VCCO This ensures that the FPGA bank connected to the Samtec header P7 is supplied with 2 5 V e Connect the Scaldio 2b to the Spider v1 using the Samtec connectors with the Scaldio 2b on top of the Spider v1 e Connect the
50. test vmem lifo fft test xcor prog seq gain files main firmware ihx scaldio 01 scaldio 05 fpga spider fpga 1x45 2C bit spider fpga 1x45 3I bit includes main h sensing h types h library libsensing a libssi a Makefile results setup csh sources main c ztex FWLoader FWLoader jar FWLoader java The structure of the provided Matlab application folder would look something like this gt tree sensing_engine sensing_engine firmware diffs 23 08 2012 imec confidential 14 imec s Sensing Engine User Manual gain files main firmware ihx scaldio 01 ue scaldio 05 fpga spider_fpga_1x45_2C bit library mexusb Makefile sources mexusb c spiderback close m spiderback init m results setup csh sources example app m ztex FWLoader FWLoader jar FWLoader java On the other hand if the complete SE package is provided not only these application folders will be available but also the whole SW API the source files for the FPGA code and all necessary scripts to build what is provided in a fixed version of the SE package Then the SE package would look something like this E T fe z U ee fe Sz U gt tree software interfaces haps host
51. urthermore the SW API must be built for every platform therefore every directory contains the necessary scripts which are in their turn invoking other build scripts if necessary Examples of platforms are the host platform the Spider Scaldio Integration ssi platform and the Spider Warp Integration swi platform The third layer contains all functionality related to the different components of the platform or modules as they are called here The modules covered in the SW API are the DIFFS chip the Scaldio FE and the WARP FE For most users this functions and everything related to it will not be visible Moreover the content of this layer covers all required functionality of the modules so modifying it should be limited to extending functionality by adding new firmware for the DIFFS for example However care should be taken when adding new functionality as this may lead to instability or unwanted behavior and the SW API should be thoroughly tested before use For every module the available functionality is more or less the same there is a struct similar to the one of the interface layer which keeps track of the state the module is in These structs also hold another struct in which the active configuration of the module is saved Furthermore there are functions to open initialize or close a module to change the configuration to activate it and to get results An overview can be found in the respective include files The fourth and las
52. versions of the SW API available There are a number of predefined fixed versions of the SW API that can be distributed these will be a part of 23 08 2012 imec confidential 16 C imec e Sensing Engine User Manual the fixed SE packages It is off course also possible for the user to add specific functionality to the SW API if the whole SE package is provided However care should be taken when altering the SW API and no stable functioning of the SE is guaranteed Either way the SW API yields a number of files bundled in one or more library files that can be used to create and build applications for the SE How to use these for creating applications is explained in section 6 The content of these library files and how they are generated is explained in the remainder of this section Also a short overview is given of what the structure of the SW API looks like 4 2 1 The SW API as part ofthe SE package The SW API can come in two forms as explained earlier depending on how the application that will use the SW API will be built The application can be written in C or a similar programming language or in Matlab Depending on the platform the SW API is intended for the content of the package will slightly defer This can be a different bitfile different USB chipset firmware different libraries etc It is possible that in the future additional SE packages will be created when new functionality is tested and added to the SE

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