Meyeb composite Properties
Contents
1. Table 3 Fire Calorimetry Data for Crossply Laminates at 50 kW m Irradiance Time to Average Heat Ignition HRR Release Seconds 2 kW m MJ m THERMOSETS 24 68 175 ADVANCED THERMOSET 124 115 PHENOLICS 206 E 1 ENGIN LERIN PLASTICS 5 207 G opolymire MEYER 0 mine 0 J 0 0 0 Table 3 summarizes all of the cone calorimeter data for the composite specimens The data are the averages that are fairly representative of each type of material It is clear that the Meyeb composite is non combustible while all of the organic polymer matrix composites support flaming combustion The results of the fatigue behavior are compared with the results for other composites and aircraft aluminum in Table 4 The fatigue endurance of the Geopolymer Meyeb composite is far better than that of 2024 T3 aluminum as can be seen in Table 4 When compared to other high temperature composites such as BMI and PEEK the MEYEB composite is in the same range of failure load capacity for a given number of failure cycles Table 4 Fatigue comparison of Stress Range Capacity for Given Number of Cycles to Failure Failure 2024 T3 Bismaleimide Poly ether ether apie et C Material characterizations for Infrastructure and Buildings Applications Decorative Carbon fiber A relatively new and very attractive repair method for concrete brick and stone structures consists of externally bonding flexible sheets of fiber composites Another application fo2. the Meyeb Hardener will react too quickly and form a curdled mix a hard precipitate Then mix the rest until obtaining a fluid resin If necessary add 0 1g 10 drops or less of MEYEB Wetting Agent for 100g of resin Store the unused MEYEB FS back in the freezer 5 Use the cooled parcel or the freezer to store the resin between every manipulation 6 Application by hand wet lay up pour small quantities of the resin on the fabric then impregnate with a spatula eliminate the excess of resin and continue with a roller 7 Between every impregnation place the impregnated fabric under a plastic film MEYEB does not adhere on plastic this provides more time for lay up before applying the plies onto a master or any surface After impregnation the tack lasts 30 minutes long in air and more than 60 minutes when the impregnated fabric is covered with a plastic film 8 You can very easily clean the working desk and the tools with water as long as the mixture does not harden 9 The fabrics are stacked together and placed in the vacuum bag The bag is placed in a heated press at 80 C and 3 MPa for 1 hour The composite is then removed from the press and if necessary placed into an oven for final curing at 80 C or higher up to 250 C until a constant mass is achieved The volume fraction of reinforcement is approximately 50 The composite thus manufactured has essentially fire resistant properties B Room Temperat
3. 8 Resin and Hardener are DILUTED in water to form a mud is not classified as hazardous waste under EEC Directive 91 689 EEC European Waste Classification code 01 04 12 Packaging is recyclable after cleaning it with water 14 Transport information Not subject to transport regulations Special transport care Resin Avoid temperature above 15 deg C Hardener Avoid temperature above 80 deg C 15 Regulatory information EC Label Resin Symbol Xi Hardener N A Risks sentences R Resin R36 38 Irritating to eyes and skin Hardener N A Security sentences S Resin and Hardener S22 Do not breathe dust S25 Avoid contact with eyes 36 37 39 Wear suitable protective clothing gloves and eye face protection 16 Other information N A Not Applicable N D Not Determined This EC Safety Datasheet is written according to the directive 91 155 EEC 93 112 EEC 2001 59 EC and has 3 pages The information contained herein is based on the present state of our knowledge It characterizes the product with regard to the appropriate safety precautions It does not represent a guarantee of the properties of the product We believe that such information is accurate and reliable as of the date of this safety data sheet but no representation guarantee or warranty express or implied is made We urge persons receiving this information to make their own determination about the product as to the information s suitability and
4. Espace Cr atis Av Archim de Z A Bois de la Chocque F 02100 Saint Quentin France tel 33 0 323 67 8922 val 5 EOPOLYMERE fax 33 0 323 67 8949 web www cordi geopolymer org s a TAL git i E E Le g TECHNICAL DATA MEYEB RESIN FOR COMPOSITE MATERIALS Description The material MEYEB Composite is described as a carbon composite with an inorganic polymer matrix a polysialate derived from the naturally non flammable occurring geological materials silica and alumina hence the name GEOPOLYMER or GEOPOLYMERE in French Geopolymerization is a geosynthesis a reaction that chemically integrates minerals involving natural and synthetic alumino silicates This geopolymerisation process allows to make a ceramic polysialate matrix which together with carbon fibers yields flexible ceramics Thermosetting occurs at 80 C or any lower temperature systems even at room temperature The resulting geopolymeric composites are fire resistant non flammable light weight and do not generate smoke and combustion gases A Carbon Epoxy aerospace composite left 1s burning while Carbon GEOPOLY MERE Composite right still resists a 1200 C fire A Main properties Meyeb composites have three main properties that make them superior to ceramics plastics and organic composite materials e Meyeb composites have a higher heat tolerance than organic composites Tests conducted on a Meyeb resin showed that it will not b
5. ange of concentration that may be hazardous Resin Potassium silicate gt 25 Hardener N A EC Classification Resin Xi Irritant R36 38 S24 25 S 36 37 39 Hardener N A S22 S25 36 37 39 3 Hazards information Security Critical hazards to human Resin Alkaline solution Risk of serious damage to eyes Irritant to skin Hardener N A Critical hazards to environment Resin The alkalinity of this material will have a local effect on ecosystems sensitive to changes in pH Hardener N D 4 First aid measures Eye contact Flush with large amounts of water for 15 minutes Contact a physician Skin contact Wash with soap and water Ingestion Do not induce vomiting Wash out mouth with water Contact a physician or regional Poison Control Centre immediately Inhalation Long term overexposure to inhalation of mist or dust of dried down particles may cause tissue response in the lung Pneumoconiosis 5 Fire fighting measures Suitable extinguishing media In adaptation to materials stored in the immediate neighbourhood Extinguishing media which must not be used for safety reasons none Special exposure hazards arising in fire fighting Resin and Hardener are not flammable Special protective equipment for fire fighters Resin Does not produce any known toxic fumes water based mineral materials Hardener may emit toxic fumes under severe high temperature fire 6 Accidental release measures Personal protec
6. ardener with a thermosetting at 80 C under a heated press and vacuum to manufacture a high fire resistant product With room temperature curing with a ratio of 10 parts by weight of MEYEB FS and 1 part by weight of MEYEB Hardener the mechanical properties are weaker from 40 to 60 after a high temperature exposure depending on the fire resistancy of the fiber However the fire resistant barrier remains effective with any type of fibers Fire Resistance Tests values taken from Richard E Lyon Andrew J Foden P Balaguru Joseph Davidovits and Michel Davidovics Properties of Geopolymer Matrix Carbon Fiber Composites Fire and Materials Vol 21 67 73 1997 see also the same paper in Geopolymer 99 Proceedings pages 123 139 Comparison of the composite resin categories on the basis of percent residual flexural strength retained after the fire exposure is shown in Figure 1 The values represent a combined average for the thermoset vinylester epoxy advanced thermoset BMI PI phenolic and engineering thermoplastic PPS PEEK Composite Resin GEOPOLYMER ENGINEERING THERMOPLASTIC PHENOLIC ADVANCE tuenwoset 2o THERMOSET 6 60 70 80 90 100 Residual Flexural Strength Percent Figure 1 Residual warp direction flexural strength of crossply laminates after fire thermal exposure Flashover is a phenomenon unique to compartment fires where incomplete combustion products accumulate at the ceiling and igni
7. completeness for their particular application We further urge purchasers to determine compatibility of this product for their application prior to use by making their own tests also with regard to possible applicational influences The abidance of conditions or methods of handling storage use and disposal of the product by the client are beyond our control and may be beyond our knowledge For this and other reasons we do not assume responsibility and expressly disclaim liability for loss damage or expense arising out of or in any way with the handling storage use or disposal of the product May 2007
8. etween every manipulation increases the pot life The cooled bricks should be placed in a freezer at least 24 hours before use The pot life is a function of the MEYEB HARDENER amount and also of the storage time of the MEYEB FS resin at 18 C The higher the amount of hardener the shorter the pot life The longer the storage time the shorter the pot life Without its thermally insulated cup MEYEB has an initial gelification pot life of 15 25 minutes at room temperature 20 C Mixed in its thermally insulated cup MEYEB has an initial gelification pot life of 60 to 110 minutes at room temperature 20 C The colder the mixed resin remains the longer the pot life Placed in the cooled packaging parcel or a freezer it has an initial gelification pot life of 3 4 hours A 80 C hardening standard vacuum bagging technique Formulation MEYEB FS 100g Meyeb Hardener 10g to 15g Pot life in the insulated cup Storage time of the resin MEYEB FS at 18 C 3 days 10 days 31 days 10g Hardener 110 min 100 min 45 min 15g Hardener 95 min 75 min 30 min 1 Shake well the pot of Meyeb Hardener part B to get a homogeneous product 2 Put 10g or 15g of Meyeb Hardener part B in the thermally insulated cup 3 Take MEYEB FS part A out of the freezer weigh 100g of it to be added to the Meyeb Hardener water solution 4 Attention pour 1 3 of MEYEB FS into Meyeb Hardener and mix immediately If you pour it at once
9. gic degradation Resin and Hardener MIXED and DRIED Upon dilution rapidly depolymerise into molecular species indistinguishable from natural dissolved silica Ecotoxic effects N D Toxicity Resin The alkalinity of this material will have a local effect on ecosystems sensitive to changes in pH Hardener Do not allow product to reach ground water water course or sewage system When it is handled and used with appropriate care no harmful effects are to be expected according to our experience and information provided to us Further ecologic data when it is handled and used with appropriate care no harmful ecological effects are to be expected according to our experience and information provided to us 13 Disposal considerations Product Resin When still in frozen state is classified as hazardous waste under EEC Directive 91 689 EEC Property H4 European Waste Classification code 06 02 05 Dispose of according to federal state or local standards When HARDENED and DRIED 1s not classified as hazardous waste under EEC Directive 91 689 EEC European Waste Classification code 01 04 08 Hardener Hardener is not classified as hazardous waste under EEC Directive 91 689 EEC European Waste Classification code 06 03 14 Dispose of according to state or local standards Resin and Hardener MIXED and HARDENED are not classified as hazardous waste under EEC Directive 91 689 EEC pH will be 10 6 European Waste Classification code 01 04 0
10. ominal tensile or flexural strength falls to one half of its room temperature value The Geopolymer carbon fiber composite even in the prototype configuration tested significantly outperforms fiber reinforced concrete with regard to flexural strength and surpasses concrete and structural steel in temperature capability Specific flexural strength is the flexural strength of the material divided by the bulk density and is the figure of merit for weight sensitive applications such as aerospace and surface transportation vehicles Similarly specific modulus is defined here as the tensile Young s modulus of the material divided by its bulk density In the case of the anisotropic crossply laminates the warp tensile modulus is used for the calculation The Meyeb composite is superior to all of the materials listed with regard to specific modulus and is second only to the phenolic carbon crossply laminate in specific strength However the Geopolymer carbon fabric laminate is unique in its high temperature structural capability and fire resistance Table 1 Typical Properties of Structural Material Specific Flexural ea Maximum Modulus Temperature Strength Strength a 3 GPa Mam MPa MPa my CP ability kg kg C MATERIAL Tensile mensity kg m Modulus Fiber Reinforced Concrete Structural Steel 7000 Series Aluminum Phenolic Carbon Fabric Laminate Phenolic E Glass Fabric Laminate Geopolymer Carbon Fabric Laminate 1850 gt 800
11. on E glass hybrid composites see the paper James Hammell P Balaguru Richard Lyon and Joseph Davidovits Influence of reinforcement types on the flexural properties of Geopolymer composites Geopolymer 99 Proceedings pages 155 164 1999 Directions for use MEYEB FS A fire resistant resin for composite materials This MEYEB user s manual describes the manufacture of a non flammable composite material The lab technician should use overall and gloves and respect the safety and security rules that apply to his laboratory No ventilation and no gas mask are required The lab technician will be assisted by a second person in charge of cleaning the tools immediately in water before the hardening begins MEYEB FS should be kept in a freezer in a temperature lower than 18 C The MEYEB resin can be used for 4 weeks storage time after manufacturing date when kept at this frozen temperature There is a slight increase in the viscosity of the frozen resin with the storage time and a stronger increase between the 3 and the 4 week At this stage the resin may still be used because it becomes fluid again with the addition of the MEYEB HARDENER water solution see step 2 below To increase the pot life of the resin use a thermally insulated cup so that the resin remains cold as long as possible If you have no freezer near you you can take advantage of the MEYEB packaging parcel placing in it this cup or any insulated vessel b
12. otection none Ventilation normal room ventilation Skin protection Protective gloves latex or vinyl required Eye protection Safety glasses recommended Body protection Blouse required 9 Physical and chemical properties Appearance Resin light grey and viscous Hardener white liquid and milky Odour non pH Resin pH 13 0 5 strongly alkaline Hardener pH 5 0 5 Melting point temperature Resin N D Hardener gt 1500 deg C Boiling point temperature Resin 104 deg C Hardener 100 deg C Water solubility Resin yes Hardener yes Flash Point Resin N D Hardener N D 10 Stability and reactivity Stability Material is stable at room temperature Hazardous polymerisation will not occur Conditions to avoid Resin Temperature above 15 deg C and excessive heat otherwise it will harden Hardener avoid strong bases Materials to avoid iron hydroxide halogen oxides ethylene oxide fluorine hydrogen halides nitrates vinyl acetate Will react with aluminium zinc tin and their alloys evolving hydrogen Hazardous decomposition products Non known 11 Toxicological information Resin N D Hardener Classification LD LCS0 aluminum phosphate Oral LD50 gt 2000mg kg rat When it is handled and used with appropriate care no harmful or irritating effects are to be expected according to our experience and information provided to us 12 Ecological information Biolo
13. press or implied including without limitation the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose regarding the geopolymer chemistry or its use and operation alone or in combination with the Client products In no event will Institut G opolym re be liable for special incidental or consequential damages arising from the use sale or distribution of the Client products or any third party The MEYEB resin is patent pending Safety Data Sheet MEYEB FS and MEYEB Hardener The present safety datasheet combines data for MEYEB FS and MEYEB Hardener 1 Identification of the substance preparation and of the company 1 1 Identification of the substance or preparation Ingredient and trade material name MEYEB FS and MEYEB Hardener Potassium silicate and silicon dioxyde zirconium oxyde aluminium oxide and aluminum phosphate solution in water 1 2 Utilisation of the substance mineral resin or matrix used especially for composite materials 1 3 Company undertaking identification Institut G opolymere Espace Cr atis Av Archim de Z A Bois de la Chocque F 02100 Saint Quentin France 1 4 Emergency telephone number 33 0 3 23 67 89 22 2 Composition information on ingredients Preparation Chemical names CAS 1312 76 1 potassium silicate 1344 28 1 aluminium oxide 7631 86 9 silicon dioxyde 7784 30 7 1314 23 4 zirconium oxyde aluminum phosphate and 7732 18 5 water Concentration or r
14. r continuous fiber composites in infrastructure already well underway in Japan and USA is the wrapping of concrete columns to reinforce new construction and damaged bridges and buildings in earthquake and hurricane prone areas In this application particularly for exposed interior building columns flammability is a serious concern Fire safety is a concern often voiced by those who are skeptical about the use of composite materials in the infrastructure and building industry Experiments by researchers at Rutgers University indicate that this composite material not only does not burn but adheres better to concrete more effectively and reliably than organic materials paving the way for use in strengthening both new concrete structures and enhancing old ones G opolymere provides excellent adhesion both to concrete surface and in the interlaminar planes of fabrics states Prof Bala Balaguru of Rutgers University G opolymere composites were affixed to concrete beams and all three beams failed by tearing of fabrics Balaguru reports This is significant because the most common failure pattern reported in the literature is the failure by delamination of fabrics at the interface of concrete and fabrics says the report Hence it can be stated that G opolymere provides as good or better adhesion in comparison with organic polymers Also retrofitting of valuable Cultural Heritage buildings in Europe has to be considered where fire safety i
15. s the major concern D Carbon fiber and Glass fiber MEYEB composites Samples made using only E glass fabric exhibit almost linear elastic behavior up to failure and the failure is brittle and the stress five times lower than with carbon see Fig 3 This confirms that the bond between matrix and E Glass is strong and that the plate is acting as a homogeneous element The S glass plate exhibits less ductility than the carbon plates but proved to be much more ductile than the E glass composite When alternating layers of E glass and carbon are used the reduction in strength is minimal E glass seemed to bond well with the matrix providing a good interlaminar plate between carbon layers Addition of E glass layers increases the deflection at failure of the plate which increased energy absorption before failure However there is a more brittle post peak loss of strength with these combined fabric plates Since the elastic modulus of glass 1s much lower than carbon the flexural modulus of these plates is lower than plain carbon plates 600 a a 500 i aa see a TL Ap p yF A AE Glass 100 Ath 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 0 1 2 AApparent Flexural Stress Mpa Apparent Flexural Strain Figure 3 Comparison of Plain Carbon Plates Carbon E glass Plates and Plain E glass Plates Note The plain carbon sample s stiffness is much higher yet Strength is similar to Carbon E glass For more information on carb
16. te causing total involvement of the compartment materials and signaling the end to human survivability Consequently in a compartment fire the time to flashover is the time available for escape and this is the single most important factor in determining the fire hazard of a material or set of materials in a compartment fire The calculated values for time to flashover of organic and Geopolymer Meyeb composites in a full scale room test shown in Figure 2 provide a qualitative ranking of the fire hazard of these materials in a compartment The engineering thermoplastics are predicted not to reach flashover during the 20 minute ignition period but could generate appreciable smoke while the Geopolymer Meyeb composite will never ignite reach flashover or generate any smoke in a compartment fire TREH a A Composit Fesin GEOPOLYMER ENGINEERING THFRMOPI ASTICS PHENOLICS ADVANCED THFRM SFTS THERMOSETS 0 O 1 oo 40 TEF Time to Flashover mites Figure 2 Predicted time to flashover in ISO 9705 corner room fire test with various structural composites as wall materials Table 1 compares some thermomechanical properties of fiber reinforced concrete structural steel a 7000 series aluminum used in aircraft structures a phenolic E glass fabric crossply laminate a phenolic carbon fabric crossply laminate and the Geopolymer carbon fabric crossply laminate Maximum temperature capability is defined as the temperature in air at which the n
17. tion Avoid contact to skin Necessity or not to alert neighbourhood Dependant on local regulations with regard to pH controls Environmental protection Discharge of this product to sewage treatment works is dependant on local regulations with regard to pH controls Methods for cleaning up neutralising absorbing retrieving throwing away and what to avoid Resin Neutralise excess with acid solution or dilute with plenty of water Or Use absorbent material or scrape up dried material and place into containers Hardener Dilute excess with plenty of water Or Use absorbent material or scrape up dried material and place into containers 7 Handling and storage 7 1 Handling Material is stable at room temperature Hazardous polymerisation will not occur 7 2 Storage Resin Store the material at freezing conditions below 18 deg C Chemical incompatibilities iron hydroxide strong oxidisers and acids Hardener Store at room temperature Conditions to avoid Resin Temperature above 15 deg C and excessive heat otherwise it will harden Hazardous decomposition Product Resin None Hardener Thermal decomposition may produce toxic fumes of phosphorus oxides and or phosphine Materials to avoid Resin will react with aluminium zinc tin and their alloys evolving hydrogen 8 Exposure controls personal protection Maximum exposition value V M E N A Personal protective equipment Respiratory pr
18. ure hardening Impregnation by hand hand lay up Formulation MEYEB FS 100 g Meyeb Hardener 20 g Follow the steps 1 to 8 set forth above Let the composite material sets 24 hours at room temperature covered under a plastic film compressed or not Pot life in the insulated cup Storage time of the resin MEYEB FS at 18 C 3days 10days 31 days 10g Hardener 60min 45 min 15 min The composite thus manufactured has essentially fire resistant properties Important notice Before any lay up involving the use of compression press or autoclave the fibre shall be perfectly impregnated with a roller There should not be any excess of resin that could be squeezed out during compression The sizing of regular carbon fiber fabric was developed for organic resin matrices not for geopolymer matrix This could cause some adhesion problems Try to wash out the sizing or request a water soluble sizing from your supplier For the use of carbon E glass fiber reinforcement please refer to the Technical Data sheet point D Carbon fiber and Glass fiber MEYEB composite In order to increase the fluidity of MEYEB for vacuum impregnation or any other reason one can add more water in the Hardener step 2 for example 5g for 100g of resin But it should be remembered that any addition of water requires the use of vacuum during hardening to eliminate this excess of water The Client agrees that Institut G opolym re makes no warranties ex
19. urn at all even at 1200 C e Meyeb composites resist all organic solvents and are only affected by strong hydrochloric acid The mechanical properties of Geopolymer Meyeb composites are as good as those of organic composites e g phenolic fiber reinforced composites e Meyeb composites are very easy to produce with curing temperatures in the range of 80 C and below Before the discovery of geopolymerization these three critical properties had not been incorporated into any composites Meyeb Composites are e fire resistant e non ignitable e non flammable e not producing combustion gases e non toxic e not emitting any smoke e relatively good heat shields e light weight density 1 85 Use of conventional manufacturing processes Several positive factors favoring MEYEB Composite include the ability to use existing processing machinery and technology It is produced with processes and operation familiar to organic matrix users In addition it thermosets and cures at room and or low temperature Information More information is available in our Web site where you can download additional papers and order the G opolymere Proceedings Geopolymer 2005 and Geopolymer 99 including numerous scientific articles with tests and data on selected materials B Material characterizations All tests performed have used a Meyeb carbon composite with a ratio of 20 parts by weight of MEYEB FS and 1 part by weight of MEYEB H
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