Comparison of application virtual machines
Contents
1. Hyper V Microsoft x86 64 x86 64 x86 up to 8 Windows 2008 supported drivers for Server 2008 R2 hardware assisted physical CPUs w Hyper V Role Windows 2000 virtualization Intel Windows Windows 2003 VT x or AMD V Hyper V Server Windows 2008 Windows XP Windows Vista Linux SUSE 10 released more announced iCore Virtual iCore Software x86 x86 Windows XP Windows XP Accounts Integrity Hewlett Packard IA 64 IA 64 HP UX HP UX Windows Virtual Linux OpenVMS Machines announced JPC Virtual Oxford University Any running the x86 Java Virtual DOS Linux S GPL version Machine Java Virtual Machine Windows up to 3 0 2 Machine KVM Qumranet 2 x86 x86 64 IA 64 Same as host Linux FreeBSD Linux with x86 Solaris Windows virtualization s390 GPL verion PowerPC see 2 restrictions e g no PowerPC 970 support BI Linux VServer Community Project x86 x86 64 IA 64 Compatible Linux Linux variants Alpha PowerPC 64 PA RISC 64 GPL version SPARC64 ARM 2 8 390 SH 66 MIPS LynxSecure Lynux Works x86 Intel VT x x86 No host OS LynxOS Linux Intel VT d Windows lxc Community project x86 x86 64 IA 64 Same as host Linux Linux variants a Ixc sourceforge net PowerPC 64 2 4 SPARC64 Mac on Linux Macca Linax 5 PowerPC PowerPC Linux Mac OS X Mac OS GHL 7 5 2 to 9 2 2 Linux Mac on Mac Sebastian PowerPC PowerPC Mac OS X up to Mac OS X Mac OS GPL Gregorzyk Tiger exclude2. Full application virtualization requires a virtualization layer 2 Aalto in Nans Nae Erroren Application virtualization layers replace part of the runtime environment normally provided by the operating system The layer intercepts all file and Registry operations of virtualized applications and transparently redirects them to a virtualized location often a single Illustration of an application running in a native file The application never knows that it s accessing a virtual environment and running in an application resource instead of a physical one Since the application is now virtualization environment working with one file instead of many files and registry entries spread throughout the system it becomes easy to run the application on a different computer and previously incompatible applications can be run side by side Examples of this technology for the Windows platform are BoxedApp Cameyo Ceedo Evalaze InstallFree Citrix XenApp Novell ZENworks Application VIrtualization Endeavors Technologies Application Jukebox Microsoft Application Virtualization Software Virtualization Solution VMware ThinApp and InstallAware Virtualization Related Technologies Technology categories that fall under application virtualization include e Application Streaming Pieces of the application s code data and settings are delivered when they re first needed instead of the entire application being delivered before startup Running th
3. up et RedHat 17 to 16 VCPUs Yes or Novell per VM 18 for details Linux VServer Compatible Operating Virtualized Native Yes system level server isolation Yes virtualization Oracle VM Paravirtualization Server Near native Server for x86 and hardware consolidation virtualization and security Yes Yes Ves Wes enterprise and business deployment Oracle VM Paravirtualization Server Near native Server for and hardware consolidation SPARC virtualization and security Yes Nes Yes Yes enterprise and business deployment OVPsim Full system Software Depends on target simulation with development up to 500 faster optional early than embedded component embedded target runs over virtualization advanced 1 000 MIPS on debug for desktop Yes but most of single and Yes with Yes Yes the time l multicore commercial unmodified is software license from the goal compiler and mpe other tool development computer architecture research hobbyist PikeOS Yes but Paravirtualization Safety and Near native modifications security critical Yes required as Yes embedded Yes paravirtualization systems is used Comparison of platform virtual machines 13 RTS Hypervisor Sun xVM Server SVISTA 2004 User Mode Linux Oracle VirtualBox Virtual Iron 3 1 Windows Virtual PC Compatible OS drivers run unmodified no special drivers required special guest kernel
4. ESXi 418 VMware Varies max 160 1 TB 2 TB minus 320 VMs 8 255 255 GB 60 4 64 2 TB minus vSphere logical is 160 512 bytes 512 bytes ESXi 41 VirtualBox No limit No limit No limit No limit No limit 16 No limit 4 IDE no 2 TB 4 0 x limit SATA SCSI SAS Hyper V 64 same 64 1 TB No limit 384 VMs 4 64 GB 4 IDE 256 2 TB 2008 R2 SCSI Note No limit means no enforced limit For example a VM with 1 TB of memory cannot fill a host with only 8 GB memory and no memory swap disk so it will have a limit of 8 GB physically Hyper V limit source http technet microsoft com en us library ee405267 WS 10 aspx References 1 Cooperative Linux FAQ http colinux wikia com wiki FAQ Retrieved on 2009 01 27 2 http kvm qumranet com 3 http www linux kvm org page PowerPC 4 http Ixc sourceforge net 5 http www maconlinux org 6 http www ovpworld org 7 QEMU Official OS Support List http www claunia com qemu 8 http pkgsrc se wip qemu qvm86 9 http simh trailing edge com 10 http www virtutech com 11 http www serenityvirtual com 12 http www trango vp com 13 Oracle VM VirtualBox User Manual Chapter 3 Configuring virtual machines Mac OS X Server guests http www virtualbox org manual ch03 html intro macosxguests 14 Oracle and Virtual Iron http www oracle com us corporate Acquisitions virtualiron Comparison
5. FreeBSD Haiku version with FreeBSD OS 2 Solaris extra enterprise eComStation Syllable Windows features is proprietary Virtual Iron Virtual Iron x86 VT x x86 64 x86 x86 64 No host OS Windows Linux Full product 3 1 Software Inc AMD V is acquired by Oracle proprietary afew components are GPL 14 version 2 Comparison of platform virtual machines 10 Player 3 1 Virtual PC Connectix x86 x86 64 x86 Windows Vista DOS Windows 2007 Business OS 2 Linux SUSE Enterprise Xubuntu Ultimate XP OpenSolaris Pro XP Tablet Belenix PC Edition Windows Connectix x86 x86 64 with x86 Windows 7 Windows XP Virtual PC Intel VT x or Windows Vista AMD V Windows 7 Windows Server 2003 Windows Server 2008 Virtual PC 7 Connectix PowerPC x86 Mac OS X Windows OS 2 for Mac Linux VirtualLogix VirtualLogix ARM TI DSP Same as host No host OS Linux Windows XP VLX C6000 x86 Intel C5 VxWorks VT x Intel VT d Nucleus DSP BIOS PowerPC proprietary Virtual Server Connectix x86 x86 64 x86 Windows 2003 Windows NT 2000 2005 R2 XP 2003 Linux Red Hat SUSE CoWare CoWare x86 x86 64 Devices including multi Windows Depends on guest Virtual SPARC v9 cores from ARM MIPS Linux Solaris CPU includes Linux Platform PowerPC Toshiba MeP various flavors Renesas SH TI Tensilica mITRON various ZSP flavors Win
6. PDP 9 PDP 10 PDP 11 VAX VMS Unix v6 SPARC PDP 15 VAX GRI Unix v7 TOPS 10 Corporation GRI 909 IBM TOPS 20 ITS 1401 1620 1130 7090 7094 System 3 Interdata Perkin Elmer 16b 32b systems Hewlett Packard 2114 2115 2116 2100 21MX Honeywell H316 HS5 16 MITS Altair 8800 with 8080 and Z80 Royal Mcbee LGP 30 LGP 21 Scientific Data Systems SDS 940 Simics Virtutech 10 x86 x86 64 Alpha ARM IA 64 MIPS Windows Depends on target SPARC v9 32 64 MSP430 POWER Linux Solaris machine VxWorks OSE QNX Linux Solaris Windows FreeBSD RTEMS TinyOS many others PowerPC 32 64 SPARC v8 v9 x86 x86 64 TI TMS320C64xx Sun Microsystems x86 64 SPARC Same as host No host OS Windows XP 2003 GPL version Server x86 64 only 3 Sun xVM Server Linux Solaris SVISTA 2004 S s x86 x86 Windows OS 2 Windows Linux erenity Systems Linux OS 2 BSD International TRANGO TRANGO Virtual ARM XScale Paravirtualized ARM No host OS Linux eCos Processors MIPS PowerPC MIPS PowerPC Linux or uC OS I Grenoble France Windows as dev WindowsCE 12 hosts Nucleus VxWorks User Mode Jeff Dike other x86 x86 64 Same as host Linux Linux GPL version Linux developers PowerPC 2 VirtualBox Innotek acquired x86 x86 64 x86 x86 64 only on Windows DOS Linux Mac OS GPL version by Oracle VirtualBox 2 and later with Linux Mac OS 2 full oe i X Server hardware virtualization X x86 Solaris
7. amp AntiSpyware Included Single Snapshot support Yes Yes Multiple Snapshot support Yes Yes AutoProtect Automatic Snapshots Yes Yes TimeMachine backups can be synced with SmartGuard snapshots v es to reduce the space required for backups Automatically revert VM to start state upon termination Yes Virtual machine encryption with AES algorithm for better security of your data empowered by AES NI hardware support on i5 and i7 Yes CPUs Mac OS Parental Controls are automatically applied to the virtual v es 12 month subscription to McAfee VirusScan Plus User Prompted to Install Mac OS AntiVirus Included 3 month subscription to Kaspersky Internet Security User Prompted to Install Lock down application and virtual machine settings to prevent changes 3 month subscription to Kaspersky Anti Virus for Mac User Prompted to Install Isolated Virtual Machines Yes Designed for Mac Fit and Finish Yes Optimized for Snow Leopard Runs on 64 bit kernel 64 bit VMM 64 bit helper application 32 bit GUI Runs on 64 bit kernel 64 bit VMM 64 bit helper application 32 bit GUI UI Built from Ground Up for Mac Cocoa and GTK frameworks Nokia Qt library with Carbon and Cocoa frameworks Welcome Screen to Simplify Initial Setup Yes Yes Mac like Settings and Preferences Windows Yes Yes
8. Business trapping where workstation supported Virtual Server Virtualization Server server Near native with 2005 R2 guest calls farm virtual machine Yes Yes Ei trapping where additions supported CoWare Full system Early Depending on the Virtual virtualization embedded system Platform Processor Core software characteristics and Yes Same ISA Hardware development the software itself compiled External and integration ranges from faster Yes Yes Software image connections from driver to than real time to Yes as for the real application slow device Multi core software debugging and optimization Virtuozzo Compatible Operating Server Native tive speed system level consolidation virtualization service continuity Yes i Yes disaster recovery service providers VMware ESX Virtualization Server Up to near native Server 4 0 consolidation vSphere Yes add on service Ves Yes os Nes up to 8 way continuity dev test cloud computing VMware ESX Virtualization Server Up to near native Server 3 0 consolidation Yes add on Yes Yes service Yes up to 4 way o continuity dev test VMware ESX Virtualization Server Up to near native Server 2 5 3 consolidation Yes add on 2 Yes Yes service Yes way og continuity dev test VMware Virtualization Hobbyist Near native Fusion Developer Yes Yes Yes Tester Yes Business workstation VMware Virtualization Server desktop Up to near native Server Yes 2 way Yes Yes con
9. NQP rx PIR PASM PBC BASIC bc C ECMAScript Lisp Lua m4 Tcl WMLScript XML and others Perl virtual machine Perl op code tree walker C Perl 175k C 9k Perl CPython Python C 387k C 368k Python 10k ASM 31k Psyco PyPy Python Self hosting Python implementation of Python next generation of Psyco Rubinius Ruby Virtual machine for C Ruby another Ruby implementation SEAM Alice ScummVM Scumm Computer game engine SECD ISWIM Lispkit Lisp Squirrel Squirrel Squirrel_JIT C 12k Smalltalk Smalltalk SQLite SQLite opcodes Virtual database engine Squeak Squeak Smalltalk Self hosting Smalltalk Slang 7 110k Smalltalk implementation of 300K C Squeak virtual machine Rich multi media support TaoGroup VP VP2 C Java Proprietary embedded VM TraceMonkey JavaScript Based on Tamarin C 173k Translator Engine Flat File IDE programming by Tables Global C demonstration variable declarations TrueType TrueType Font rendering engine C typically Valgrind x86 x86 64 binaries Checking of memory accesses and leaks under Linux Comparison of application virtual machines VisualWorks Smalltalk voit JVM and CLI virtual machine based on LLVM Vx32 virtual machine Application level virtualization for native code Waba Virtual machine for small devices similar to Java Yet Another Ruby VM Ruby Virtual machine of the YARV reference imp
10. Setup WES Ves Run off existing Boot Camp partition Windows XP 32 bit Windows Vista 32 bit and 64 bit Windows 7 32 bit and 64 bit Windows XP 32 bit Windows Vista 32 bit and 64 bit Windows 7 32 bit and 64 bit Allows to suspend VM running off the Boot Camp partition D Yes Import Physical Windows PC to VM Yes Yes Import Boot Camp partition to VM Yes Yes Full Support for Windows 7 Yes Yes Import Third Party VMs Parallels VMware VirtualPC for Mac Yes Yes Mac Support Higher Synthetic screen resolutions in Full Screen mode without scrolling e g Run Windows in 1920x1200 mode on a Yes 1440x900 monitor Migrate Windows 2000 PC to Mac Yes Migrate Windows XP to Mac Yes Yes Migrate Windows 7 to Mac Yes Yes Migrate Linux to Mac o o O Yes Migrate PC over wireless network Yes Yes Migrate PC over Ethernet Yes Yes Migrate PC over FireWire Yes Yes Migrate PC over USB Yes Windows documents migration to appropriate folders to Mac Yes Migration of the Internet bookmarks and settings from Internet Explorer Firefox or Chrome on PC to the default browser on the Yes Mac Comes with Video Tutorials to help Windows Switchers on Mac Running Windows Apps on Mac Switch to Mac Edition Run Windows apps like Mac apps Unity Coherence Yes Yes Exclude Dock in Unity Coherence Yes Ye
11. This comparison is of limited value today as both products have had 2 major upgrades since then Comparison of VMware Fusion and Parallels Desktop 26 Multimedia multitasking test in seconds Adobe Photoshop CS3 test in seconds shorter bars indicate better performance shorter bars indicate better performar Apple Mac OS X 10 4 10 Apple Mac OS X 10 4 10 248 Apple Boot Camp 1 3 Beta Apple Boot Camp 1 3 Beta VMware Fusion 1 0 VMware Fusion 1 0 874 Parallels Desktop 3 0 Parallels Desktop 3 0 Note Quicktime 7 2 and iTunes 7 3 2 6 This comparison was tested on an eight core 2 66 GHz MacPro running Mac OS X 10 4 10 Parallels Desktop 3 0 for Mac build 4560 and VMware Fusion 1 0 build 51348 Fusion and Parallels were both set to 1 024 MB of system memory and a 32 GB hard disk Fusion was set to 128 MB of graphics memory and Parallels Desktop for Mac was set to 64 MB of graphics memory the maximum for each at that time F 2008 Benchmark tests In Volume 24 Issue 02 of MacTech the editors published the results of one step and task tests between VMware Fusion 1 0 Parallels Desktop 3 0 and Boot Camp and used a PC running Windows XP as a baseline comparison in a native PC environment e One step Test After clicking the mouse or pressing a key this test requires no further human action e Task Test This tests the interaction between Mac OS X and the virtual environment and requires multiple tests throu
12. effects do not appear e See 21 for a paper comparing performance of paravirtualization approaches e g Xen with OS level virtualization e Requires patches recompiling e Exceptional for lightweight paravirtualized single user VM CMS interactive shell largest customers run several thousand users on even single prior models For multiprogramming OSes like Linux on zSeries and z OS that make heavy use of native supervisor state instructions performance will vary depending on nature of workload but is near native Hundreds into the low thousands of Linux guests are possible on a single machine for certain workloads Other features Comparison of platform virtual machines 17 Name Can boot an USB support GUI Live 3D acceleration Snapshots Live Shared OS on another memory per VM __ Snapshot migration Shared clipboard disk partition allocation of folders as guest running system 9 KVM Yes Yes ye l Yes i wl Oracle Partial since VirtualBox OSE i version 1 4 but 25 Yes USB 1 1 Yes Yes OpenGL 2 0 Yes Yes Yes Yes GPLv2 unsupported P ibeanched VirtualBox partitions Oracle Partial since VirtualBox PUEL pre compiled en bel USB 2 0 Yes Yes OpenGL 7 915 xes 26 Yes Yes P Brees unsupported branched not free Virtual
13. of platform virtual machines 20 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Can run a guest OS without modifying it and hence is generally able to run any OS that could run on a physical machine the VM simulates http www linux kvm com content running windows smp guests http www redhat com virtualization rhev desktop rhevm http www novell com linux products html linuxvirtualization Imperas http www imperas com http www vmware com products player features html c6062 http www cs princeton edu mef research vserver paper pdf Virtual Machine Manager http virt manager et redhat com Retrieved 2010 02 20 Sheepdog is a distributed storage system for KVM http www osrg net sheepdog Retrieved 2010 05 20 KVM Migration http www linux kvm org page Migration Retrieved 2010 05 20 VirtualBox Changelog http www virtualbox org wiki Changelog 3 0 Retrieved 2009 06 30 VirtualBox Changelog 3 1 http www virtualbox org wiki Changelog 3 1 Retrieved 2010 10 01 VMGL http www cs toronto edu andreslc xen gl formerly Xen GL http www vmware com products workstation new html http technet microsoft com en us library ff8 1758 1 WS 10 aspx http technet microsoft com en us library ff8 17578 WS 10 aspx http technet microsoft com en us library ff8 17602 WS 10 aspx http www vmware com pdf vmware_
14. the advantages of adaptively specialized code For example several design provisions of CIL are present to allow for efficient shared libraries possibly at the cost of more specialized JIT code The JVM implementation on Mac OS X uses a Java Shared Archive apple docs Uh to provide some of the benefits of shared libraries List of application virtual machine implementations In addition to the portable virtual machines described above virtual machines are often used as an execution model for individual scripting languages usually by an interpreter This table lists specific virtual machine implementations both of the above portable virtual machines and of scripting language virtual machines Comparison of application virtual machines Virtual machine Languages Comments JIT Implementation SLoC Interpreter Language Adobe Flash Player ActionScript SWF interactive web authoring C 135k initially aka Tamarin file format tool bytecode is named released ActionScript Byte Code abc BEAM Erlang Reia Lisp There exists a C 247k Flavoured Erlang native code compiler HiPE Clipper p code Clipper Harbour plankton HVM C Dis Inferno Limbo Dis Virtual Machine C 15k 2850 per Specification JiTrarcht 300 per host OS DotGNU Portable NET CLI languages Clone of Common C C including C Language Runtime Forth Forth Features ar
15. 3D Graphics Support for Windows Vista amp Windows 7 OpenGL 2 1 as of VMWare Fusion OpenGL 2 1 guest OS S OpenGL 3D Graphics Support for Windows XP guest OS OpenGL 2 1 OpenGL 2 1 OpenGL 3d Graphics Support for Linux guest OS o o O Open GL 2 1 Multiple monitor display support Up to 10 each display is separate unique display to Windows Up to 10 each display is separate unique display to Windows Hardware Assisted Video Movie Playback Yes Yes Maximum video RAM per VM 288MB 256MB USB 2 0 passthrough support Yes Yes Support for external surround sound 5 1 USB or FireWire devices Yes work simultaneously in Mac and the virtual machine 64 bit Native Engine 64 bit VMM 64 bit kernel extensions 64 bit helper application 64 bit VMM 64 bit kernel extensions 64 bit helper application 32 GUI 32 GUI Power Management Battery Passthrough Yes Yes Bluetooth support as USB device Yes Yes Firewire passthrough support monitor mode etc Virtual IDE Controller Yes Yes Virtual SCSI Controller Yes Yes Virtual SAS Controller A Yes using software emulation in guest OS Shared Smart Card Yes Yes Low Level Access to Network Interfaces promiscuous mode WiFi TA poo Advanced Tools Virtual Disk Management Yes Integrated in Settings Editor Yes Standalone tool Resize Virtual Disks Yes Yes Advanced Network Management R
16. 6 SPARC Same as host No host OS GPOS Linux Politecnica de v8 LEON2 3 RTOS PartiKle Valencia RTEMS zIVM IBM z Architecture z Architecture z VM does No host OS Linux on zSeries not run on predecessor itself single or z OS z VSE z TPF mainframes multiple z VM VM CMS levels versions MUSIC SP deep e g OpenSolaris for VM ESA System z running in z VM predecessors 4 4 in z VM 5 2 in z VM 5 1 z LPARs IBM z Architecture z Architecture Integrated in Linux on zSeries Integrated in firmware of z OS z VSE z TPF firmware of System z z VM MUSIC SP System z mainframes and predecessors mainframes Name Creator Host CPU Guest CPU Host OS s Guest OS s License Features Name Guest OS Runs arbitrary Supported Method of Typical use Speed relative to SMP OS guest OS operation host OS Commercial available drivers support available Containers or Uses native Operating Server Native consolidation Zones device drivers system level virtualization with workload isolation single workload containment hosting dev test prod Comparison of platform virtual machines 12 Hyper V Virtualization Server Near native Server 2008 Yes up to 4 consolidation R2 VCPUs per Yes Yes service Yes VM continuity dev test OpenVZ Compatible Operating Virtualized Native Yes system level server isolation virtualization KVM AMD V and Nes loia Yes 16
17. Apple Gestures to work with Windows applications Yes Enable Apple Magic Mouse Gesture support with Windows m es applications Enable Apple Remote to work with Windows applications Yes Launch Mac applications from any Windows file Shared a Yes Yes Applications SmartSelect Automatically mount storage and network devices to guest OS Yes Yes Suspend Resume To Where You Last Left Off Yes Yes Pause VM if no application running to reduce Mac OS load le ies Mirrored Remapped Desktop Music Documents and Pictures Yes Yes Folders Contextual menu items Run on Mac and Show in Finder for v es Shared Folders Remapping Windows Keyboard Shortcuts to Mac Shortcuts Yes completely customizable Yes completely customizable Keyboard shortcut F6 or Fn F6 for hiding showing Parallels m es Desktop and all its windows Virtual Links aliases to Mac OS files from Windows virtual Yes Yes machines Copy Paste Text between Windows Mac Yes Plain and Rich RTF Text up p Yes Plain and Rich RTF Text to 4MB Drag and Drop Text between Windows Mac Yes Plain and Rich RTF Text up to 4MB Drag and Drop Files Between Windows Mac Yes Copy Paste Graphics between Windows Mac Yes Yes Passthrough Driverless Printing to Mac Printers Yes Yes Making Windows Safer on Mac Comparison of VMware Fusion and Parallels Desktop 23 machine for managing children s computer usage Windows AntiVirus
18. Apply different colors to virtual machines to find them in Finder or Yes in the virtual machines list Customizable Toolbars Yes Yes Default virtual machine to launch on application startup Yes Yes Virtual Machine Library Yes Yes Live View of Running Virtual Machines in Library Settings Yes Yes Live View of Running Virtual Machine in Dock a eee Yes Startup in Last View Format Yes Yes Reduce the virtual hard disk size as its unused space grows Yes Yes Apple Help Searchable with Mac Design Yes Yes Single File Virtual Machine Packages Yes Yes QuickLook Cover Flow Integration Yes Yes Mount Running Virtual Machines in Finder o o O Yes Mount Stopped Virtual Machines in Finder Yes Yes Advanced Platform 32 bit Guest Operating Systems Yes Yes Comparison of VMware Fusion and Parallels Desktop 24 64 bit Guest Operating Systems Wes Wes Multi CPU virtual machines Up to 8 processors per VM amp Multi Core as of VMWare Fusion 3 1 Virtual CPU supports AES NI when running on i5 and i7 CPUs Up to 8 processors per VM amp Multi Core Maximum RAM per virtual machine 8 GB Support for IPv6 the next generation version of the Internet Protocol in shared bridged and host only networking Windows Aero WDDM for Windows Vista and Windows 7 Yes Yes DirectX 3D Graphics Support DirectX 9 0c with Shader Model 3 DirectX 9 0Ex with Shader Model 3 OpenGL
19. Box partitions Virtual Iron 4 2 Virtual PC 2007 Yes Windows Virtual partially Yes PC VirtualPC 7 for Yes Mac Microsoft Virtual Yes Server 2005 R2 Microsoft Partial support branched Hyper V Server over remote DirectX 9 0c 2008 R2 irec Yes desktop Yes Yes Hyper V 3DAcceleration us MS connections Hyper V USBRedirection Virtuozzo Yes Yes Yes Yes VMware ESX 9 Yes Yes Yes Server 3 0 atp VMware ESX Ves Server 2 5 3 VMware ESX 9 Server 4 0 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes vSphere VMware Fusion DirectX 9 Shader Yes Yes Yes 2 0 model 2 VMware Server Yes Yes Yes 1 Yes Yes VMware Experimental Workstation 5 5 support for Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes i Yes Yes DirectX 8 also pranched supported with voc Comparison of platform virtual machines 18 VMware Workstation 6 0 VMware Workstation 7 0 VMware Player supported with vmar Wind River hypervisor Wind River VxWorks MILS Platform Not applicable with add ons Not applicable Supported with VMGL GDPS Can boot an Live 3D acceleration Snapshots Live Shared OS on another memory per VM Snapshot migration Shared clipboard disk partition allocation of folders as guest running system e VirtualBox User Manual Chapter 9 9 requires usage of VBoxManage internalcommands createrawvmdk which says This is a development tool and sha
20. M OVPsim Pano Logic Parallels Desktop for Mac 108 110 112 117 118 122 124 125 126 129 132 133 133 134 135 137 140 141 142 145 148 149 154 168 170 172 176 178 180 182 182 184 187 189 190 191 194 197 Parallels Server for Mac Parallels Virtual Desktop Infrastructure Parallels Workstation Parallels Workstation Extreme Parallels Inc Paravirtualization Partial virtualization PearPC Physical to Virtual PikeOS PlateSpin Popek and Goldberg virtualization requirements PowerVM PowerVM Lx86 PR SM Q emulator Quantum virtual machine QuickTransit Qumranet Rlsoft Hyper V VHD Explorer Rawdisk RingCube vDesk Sandbox computer security Sandbox software development Simics SIMNET SIMON Batch Interactive test debug Software Virtualization Solution SoftXpand Solaris Containers SPECvirt Storage virtualization Sun xVM SVISTA SWsoft Sysjail Systancia Timeline of virtualization development 205 208 210 212 214 217 219 223 225 227 229 230 235 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 252 253 254 254 257 258 266 267 269 273 274 275 Tvpce TwoOStwo UC4 Virtual 8086 mode Virtual appliance Virtual Application Virtual backup appliance Virtual disk image Virtual DOS machine Virtual file system Virtual Iron Virtual lab automation Virtual Machine lifecycle management Virtual Machine Manager Virtual Processor Virtual r
21. PowerPC x86 Same as host PikeOS PikeOS native ARM MIPS Linux RTEMS SPARC SuperH OSEK ARINC 653 APEX ITRON PowerVM IBM POWER4 POWER4 5 6 PowerPC No host OS Linux PowerPC x86 POWERS 970 X86 AIX i5 OS IBM i POWER6 PowerVM Lx86 PowerPC 970 QEMU Fabrice Bellard x86 x86 64 IA 64 x86 x86 64 ARM CRIS Windows Changes regularly other developers PowerPC Alpha LM32 MicroBlaze MIPS Linux Mac OS SPARC 32 64 SPARC 32 64 PowerPC X Solaris GPL LGPL ARM S 390 M68k FreeBSD OpenBSD BeOS QEMU w Fabrice Bellard x86 x86 64 Same as host Linux FreeBSD Changes regularly kqemu module OpenBSD GPL LGPL Solaris Windows QEMU w Paul Brook x86 x86 Linux NetBSD Changes regularly Bee qvm86 module Windows QuickTransit Transitive Corp x86 x86 64 IA 64 MIPS PowerPC SPARC Linux Mac OS Linux Mac OS X POWER X Solaris Irix Solaris RTS Real Time Systems x86 No host OS Hypervisor Windows XP XP Embedded Windows CE Linux Android VxWorks OS 9 RTOS 32 QNX proprietary Comparison of platform virtual machines SIMH Bob Supnik The Alpha ARM Data General Nova BSD Linux Depends on target BSD like Computer History HPPA x86 IA 64 Eclipse Digital Equipment Solaris VMS machine includes unique Simulation Project x86 64 M68K Corporation PDP 1 Windows NetBSD VAX 9 MIPS MIPSel PDP 4 PDP 7 PDP 8 OpenBSD VAX POWER s390
22. Topic relevant selected content from the highest rated entries typeset printed and shipped Combine the advantages of up to date and in depth knowledge with the convenience of printed books A portion of the proceeds of each book will be donated to the Wikimedia Foundation to support their mission to empower and engage people around the world to collect and develop educational content under a free license or in the public domain and to disseminate it effectively and globally The content within this book was generated collaboratively by volunteers Please be advised that nothing found here has necessarily been reviewed by people with the expertise required to provide you with complete accurate or reliable information Some information in this book maybe misleading or simply wrong The publisher does not guarantee the validity of the information found here If you need specific advice for example medical legal financial or risk management please seek a professional who is licensed or knowledgeable in that area Sources licenses and contributors of the articles and images are listed in the section entitled References Parts of the books may be licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License A copy of this license is included in the section entitled GNU Free Documentation License All used third party trademarks belong to their respective owners Contents Articles Comparison of application virtual machines 1 Compar
23. ackages General information Name Creator Host CPU Guest CPU Host OS s Guest OS s License Bochs Kevin Lawton Any x86 x86 64 Linux IRIX DOS Windows AIX FreeBSD Windows Mobile OpenBSD xBSD Linux OS 2 LGPL BeOS Mac OS X Containers or Sun Microsystems x86 x86 64 Same as host Solaris 10 Solaris 8 9 10 11 Zones SPARC portable Solaris 11 Linux BrandZ not tied to Express CDDL hardware OpenSolaris 2009 06 Cooperative Dan Aloni other x8 oH Same as host Windows 2000 Linux i GPL version Linux developers 1 XP 2003 g uy 2 vista Denali University of x86 x86 Denali Ilwaco NetBSD 2 Washington DOSBox Peter Veenstra Any x86 Linux Internally emulated Sjoerd community Windows Mac DOS shell classic help OS classic Mac PC booter games OS X BeOS unofficially Windows FreeBSD 1 0 to 3 11 GPL OpenBSD Solaris QNX IRIX MorphOS AmigaOS Maemo DOSEMU Community project x86 x86 64 x86 Linux DOS GPL version 2 FreeBSD Jail FreeBSD Any running Any running FreeBSD FreeBSD FreeBSD Linux ABI BSD FreeBSD GXemul Anders Gavare Any ARM MIPS M88K Unix like NetBSD OpenBSD BSD PowerPC SuperH Linux Ultrix Sprite Hercules Begun by Roger Any z Architecture Unix like Linux on zSeries QPL Bowler as of 2011 z OS z VM z VSE maintained by Jay OS 360 DOS 360 Maynard DOS VS MVS VM 370 TSS 370 Comparison of platform virtual machines
24. al machine Machine Memory Code Interpreter JIT Precompilation Shared Common Dynamic model management security libraries Language typing Object Model CLR stack automatic or manual Dis Inferno register automatic DotGNU stack automatic or Portable NET manual JVM stack automatic JikesRVM stack automatic LLVM register manual Mono stack automatic or manual Parrot register automatic Dalvik register automatic libJIT stack manual Squeak stack automatic Virtual machine instructions process data in local variables using a main model of computation typically that of a stack machine register machine or random access machine often called the memory machine Use of these three techniques is motivated by different tradeoffs in virtual machines vs physical machines such as ease of interpretation compilation and verifiability for security Memory management in these portable virtual machines is addressed at a higher level of abstraction than in physical machines Some virtual machines such as the popular JVM are involved with addresses in such a way as to require safe automatic memory management by allowing the virtual machine to trace pointer references and disallow machine instructions from manually constructing pointers to memory Other virtual machines such as LLVM are more like traditional physical machines allowing direct use and manipulation of pointers CIL offers a hybrid in between offering both controlled use
25. amming in a High Level Language http birrell org andrew papers thesis pdf PDF Dissertation submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Cambridge Retrieved 04 22 2007 2 http www aceware iinet net au acms ItemDetail asp lngItemId 175 amp 3 http modman unixdev net sektion 1 amp page adb amp manpath v7man Notes e S R Bourne A D Birrell and I Walker Algol68C reference manual Cambridge University Computer Laboratory 1975 External links e Cambridge Algol 68 on the historical roster of computer languages http hop murdoch edu au showlanguage prx exp 667 includes 10 publication references e A TRANSPORTATION OF ALGOL68C PJ Gardner University of Essex http portal acm org ft_gateway cfm id 807148 amp type pdf March 1977 From 370 to DECsystem 10 Amazon Machine Image 33 Amazon Machine Image An Amazon Machine Image AMI is a special type of virtual appliance which is used to instantiate create a virtual machine within the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud It serves as the basic unit of deployment for services delivered using EC2 H Contents Like all virtual appliances the main component of an AMI is a read only filesystem image which includes an operating system e g Linux UNIX or Windows and any additional software required to deliver a service or a portion of it 7 The AMI filesystem is compressed encrypted signed split into a series of 10MB chunks and uploade
26. d 7 5 2 to 9 2 2 Linux OpenVZ Community project x86 x86 64 IA 64 Same as host Linux Linux variants supported by PowerPC 64 GPL SWsoft now SPARC64 Parallels Inc Oracle VM for Oracle Corporation x86 x86 64 Intel x86 x86 64 Intel VT x No host OS Microsoft Windows Oracle VM x86 VT x AMD V AMD V Oracle Enterprise Server GPL Linux Red Hat Manager Enterprise Linux proprietary Solaris Oracle VM Oracle Corporation UltraSPARC T1 Compatible Solaris 10 Solaris Linux Server for UltraSPARC T2 FreeBSD SPARC UltraSPARC T2 LDoms SPARC T3 Comparison of platform virtual machines OVPsim OVP 6 x86 ORIK MIPS32 Microsoft Depends on target ARC600 700 ARM and Windows Linux machine for example public API which enables includes MIPS Malta users to write custom that runs Linux or processor models RISC SMP Linux and F Apache 2 0 CISC DSP VLIW all includes public API possible which enables users to write custom peripheral and system models Parallels Parallels Inc x86 Intel VT x x86 Mac OS X x86 DOS Windows Desktop for Linux Mac OS X Mac Server FreeBSD OS 2 eComStation Solaris Parallels Parallels Inc x86 Intel VT x x86 Windows Linux Windows Linux Workstation FreeBSD OS 2 eComStation DOS Solaris PearPC Sebastian Biallas x86 x86 64 PowerPC Windows Mac OS X Darwin PowerPC Linux Mac OS Linux X FreeBSD NetBSD PikeOS SYSGO AG
27. d into Amazon S3 for storage An XML manifest file stores information about the AMI including name version architecture default kernel id decryption key and digests for all of the filesystem chunks An AMI does not include a kernel image only a pointer to the default kernel id which can be chosen from an approved list of safe kernels maintained by Amazon and its partners e g RedHat Canonical Microsoft Users may choose kernels other than the default when booting an AML Types of images e Public an AMI image that can be used by anyone e Paid a for pay AMI image that is registered with Amazon DevPay and can be used by any one who subscribes for it DevPay allows developers to mark up Amazon s usage fees and optionally add monthly subscription fees e Shared a private AMI that can only be used by Amazon EC2 users who are allowed access to it by the developer References 1 Amazon Amazon EC2 Functionality http aws amazon com ec2 functionality 2 Amazon Creating an Image http docs amazonwebservices com AmazonEC2 gsg 2006 06 26 creating an image html 3 Feature Guide Amazon EC2 User Selectable Kernels http developer amazonwebservices com connect entry jspa externalI D 1345 External links e Creating and preparing AMIs http docs amazonwebservices com A W SEC2 2008 02 01 DeveloperGuide CreatingAndBundlingAMIs html e Amazon Web Services Developer Community Amazon Machine Images AMIs http d
28. dows CE Symbian more Virtuozzo SWsoft now x86 IA 64 x86 64 x86 IA 64 x86 64 Linux Windows Linux Windows Parallels Inc VMware ESX VMware x86 x86 64 x86 x86 64 No host OS A i Windows Linux Server Solaris FreeBSD OSx86 as FreeBSD virtual appliances Netware OS 2 SCO BeOS Darwin others runs arbitrary OS 3l VMware ESXi VMware x86 x86 64 x86 x86 64 No host OS Same as VMware ESX Server VMware VMware x86 x86 64 x86 x86 64 Mac OS X x86 Same as VMware Fusion ESX Server VMware VMware x86 x86 64 x86 x86 64 Windows Linux Same as VMware Server ESX Server VMware VMware x86 x86 64 x86 x86 64 Windows Linux Same as VMware Workstation ESX Server 7 1 VMware VMware x86 x86 64 x86 x86 64 Windows Linux Same as VMware ESX Server Comparison of platform virtual machines 11 Wind River Wind River x86 PowerPC Same as host No host OS Linux VxWorks hypervisor unmodified guests including MS Windows and RTOSes such ach OSE QNX and others bare metal virtual board Wind River Wind River PowerPC Same as host No host OS VxWorks bare metal VxWorks MILS virtual board Platform Xen Xensource x86 x86 64 IA 64 Same as host up to 128 NetBSD Linux FreeBSD NetBSD physical CPUs Solaris Linux Solaris Windows XP amp 2003 Server needs vers 3 0 and an Intel VT x Vanderpool or AMD V Pacifica capable CPU Plan 9 XtratuM Universidad x86 x8
29. e packaged application may require the installation of a lightweight client application Packages are usually delivered over a protocol such as HTTP CIFS or RTSP e Desktop Virtualization Virtual Desktop Infrastructure VDI The application is hosted in a VM or blade PC that also includes the operating system OS These solutions include a management infrastructure for automating the creation of virtual desktops and providing for access control to target virtual desktop VDI solutions can usually fill the gaps where application streaming falls short
30. e simplified Forth Forth 2 8K to 5 6K usually include Assembler advanced assembler compiler professional text level and implementations binary level interpreters are smaller sometimes editor debugger and OS Compilation speeds are gt 20 SKLOC S and behave much like JIT Glulx Glulx Z code Icon Icon JVM Java Groovy Reference JDK OpeniDK amp JVMis Wound JRuby C C implementation 4 by IcedTea with 6500k lines TCK Clojure Scala and Sun OpenJDK code regular JIT Java is 80k tests and several others under GPL IcedTea G ASM IcedTea around 1000k code and tools under Wh een IE limes GPL Java C LLVM C C MSIL C and C output C Objective C Ada are supported and Fortran ActionScript Byte Code output is supported by Adobe Alchemy bytecode is named LLVM Bytecode bc assembly is named LLVM Assembly Language II Lua Lua C 13k 7k LuaJIT MMIX MMIXAL Mono CLI languages clone of Common C C 2332k including C Language Runtime VB NET IronPython IronRuby and others Comparison of application virtual machines Oz Oz Alice NekoVM currently Neko and x86 only G 46k haXe O code machine BCPL p code machine Pascal UCSD Pascal widespread in late 70s including Apple II Parrot Perl 6 amp 5 C Perl 111k C 240k Perl
31. ementation than of virtual machine design however modern designs have begun to make considerations to help efficiency The simplest JIT techniques simply perform compilation to a code fragment similar to an offline compiler However more complicated techniques are often employed which specialize compiled code fragments to parameters that are known only at runtime see Adaptive optimization Precompiling refers to the more classical technique of using an offline compiler to generate a set of native instructions which do not change during the runtime of the program Because aggressive compilation and optimization can take time a precompiled program may launch faster than one which relies on JIT alone for execution JVM implementations have mitigated this startup cost by using interpretation initially to speed launch times until native code fragments can be generated through JIT Shared libraries are a facility to reuse segments of native code across multiple running programs In modern operating systems this generally means using virtual memory to share the memory pages containing a shared library across different processes which are protected from each other via memory protection It is interesting that aggressive JIT techniques such as adaptive optimization often produce code fragments unsuitable for sharing across processes or successive runs of the program requiring a tradeoff be made between the efficiencies of precompiled and shared code and
32. equires modifying networking Yes scripts Control VMs with Scripting option Yes Yes Supports Intel VT x hardware virtualization engine Yes Yes Network PXE Boot Yes Yes Run More Operating Systems on Mac Comparison of VMware Fusion and Parallels Desktop Run Multiple Operating Systems at One Time Supported x86 Operating Systems Run Linux virtual machines Linux Easy Install with Automatic Setup Linux virtual machine support Run Linux apps like Mac apps with Unity Run Mac OS X Server virtual machines Import VHD Test Drives Run Virtual Appliances Complimentary iPhone iPad mobile client Allows to work with remote VM on iPhone iPad Allows user to connect over internet Minimum system requirements Requirement Product VMware Fusion 3 1 Parallels Desktop 6 0 Host OS Mac OS X 10 5 8 or later Mac OS X 10 6 or later Mac OS X 10 5 8 or later Mac OS X 10 6 or later RAM 1 GB 2 GB Recommended 1 GB 2 GB Recommended Disk space for product 700 MB 450 MB 2007 Benchmark tests On August 16 2007 CNET published the results of several benchmarks in which Fusion demonstrated better performance than Parallels Desktop for Mac in SMP aware applications which Fusion supports while Parallels does not It should also be noted that Boot Camp is a tool for natively booting Windows XP on Intel Macintosh and is not a virtualization product
33. esource partitioning Virtual security appliance Virtual security switch VirtualBox Virtualization engine VM operating system VM CP VM XA VM2000 VMmark VMQ VMware Fusion VMware Infrastructure VMware Player VMware ThinApp VMware VMFS VMware vSphere VMware Workstation Vx32 Wanova Win4Lin x86 virtualization XenClient 282 282 284 285 286 288 288 289 294 296 300 301 304 306 307 308 309 311 314 320 321 328 329 335 336 337 338 343 345 347 349 351 353 359 360 363 364 368 XenMan Xenocode zIVM Zinstall XP7 References Article Sources and Contributors Image Sources Licenses and Contributors Article Licenses License 369 370 372 376 378 385 387 Comparison of application virtual machines Comparison of application virtual machines This article lists some software virtual machines that are typically used for allowing application bytecode to be portably run on many different computer architectures and operating systems The application is usually run on the computer using an interpreter or just in time compilation There are often many implementations of a given virtual machine each covering a different functionality footprint Comparison of virtual machines The table here summarizes elements for which the virtual machine designs intended to be efficient not the list of capabilities present in any implementation Virtu
34. eveloper amazonwebservices com connect kbcategory jspa categoryID 17 1 Application virtualization 34 Application virtualization Application virtualization is an umbrella term that describes software technologies that improve portability manageability and compatibility of applications by encapsulating them from the underlying operating system on which they are executed A fully virtualized application is not installed in the traditional sensel although it is still executed as if it were The application is fooled at runtime into believing that it is directly interfacing with the original operating system and all the resources managed by it when in reality it is not In this context the term virtualization refers to the artifact being encapsulated application which is quite different to its meaning in hardware virtualization where it refers to the artifact being abstracted physical hardware Description Limited application virtualization is used in modern operating systems such a Microsoft Windows and Linux For example INI file mappings were introduced with Windows NT to virtualize into the registry the legacy INI files of applications originally written for Windows 31 71 Similarly Windows Vista implements a shim that applies limited file and registry virtualization so that legacy applications that try to save user data in a readonly system location that was writable by anyone in early Windows can still work
35. ghout the process MacTech found that the faster the physical host computer the more similarly Parallels Desktop and VMware Fusion performed MacTech did not test multiple processor performance The following graphs displays the results in seconds Shorter bars indicate faster performance Comparison of VMware Fusion and Parallels Desktop 27 Each test was run on a MacBook 2 GB RAM 1 83 GHz Core Duo processor a MacBook Pro 4GB RAM 2 16 GHz Core 2 Duo processor and a Mac Pro 4GB RAM Quad Core configuration with two 2 66 GHz Dual Core Intel Xeon processors MacTech tested Parallels Desktop 3 0 for Mac Build 5160 and VMware Fusion 1 0 Build 51348 All tests were done on clean host systems with new installations of Mac OS X 10 4 10 and Office installations and included all of the most up to date patches No third party software was installed other than Mac OS X VMware Fusion Parallels Desktop Windows XP Windows Vista Adobe Reader and Microsoft Office 2009 Benchmark tests In March 2009 Volume 25 Issue 04 MacTech 3 published the results of a new series of benchmark tests that compared the performance between VMware Fusion 2 0 1 and Parallels Desktop 4 0 for Mac build 3540 both running Mac OS X 10 5 5 In most of MacTech s tests Parallels Desktop performed 14 20 faster than Fusion however Fusion ran 10 faster than Parallels Desktop when running Windows XP 32 bit on 2 virtual processors OS Environment Re
36. hmark tests In 2010 MacTech Volume 26 Issue 01 published the results of a new series of benchmark tests showing a performance advantage for Parallels Desktop 5 across all subcategories with an average of 30 faster References 1 Begun Daniel 2007 08 17 Inside CNET Labs Windows virtual machine performance on the Mac http crave cnet com 8301 1_105 9760910 1 html CNET Retrieved 2007 10 04 2 Ticktin Neil Virtualization Benchmarking How do Boot Camp Parallels Desktop and VMware Fusion stack up http www mactech com articles mactech Vol 24 24 02 VirtualizationBenchmark MacTech Retrieved February 2008 3 Ticktin Neil Head to Head Parallels Desktop for Mac vs VMware Fusion http www mactech com articles mactech Vol 25 25 04 VMBenchmarks MacTech Retrieved March 2009 4 http www mactech com 16080 articles mactech Vol 25 25 04 VMBenchmarks index 001 html 5 http www mactech com articles mactech Vol 25 25 04 VMBenchmarks index 002 html 6 http www mactech com articles mactech Vol 25 25 04 VMBenchmarks index 003 html Comparison of VMware Fusion and Parallels Desktop 29 7 Ticktin Neil Head to Head Parallels Desktop for Mac vs VMware Fusion http www mactech com articles special 1002 VirtualizationHeadToHead index 001 html MacTech Retrieved March 2010 Adaptive Domain Environment for Operating Systems Adeos Adaptive Domain Environment for Operating S
37. ison of platform virtual machines 6 Comparison of VMware Fusion and Parallels Desktop 20 Adaptive Domain Environment for Operating Systems 29 ALGOL 68C 30 Amazon Machine Image 33 Application virtualization 34 ARMware 36 Byte Code Engineering Library 37 Bytecode 38 CherryOS 40 CHIP 8 42 chroot 46 Computer cluster in virtual machines 48 Cooperative Linux 51 Copy on write 54 CP 370 55 CP 67 56 CP CMS 57 Denali operating system 63 Dynamic Logical Partitioning 63 Workload Partitions 64 Dynamic recompilation 65 Easy VZ 68 Egenera 69 Embedded hypervisor 72 Ericom Software 76 Full system simulator 79 Full virtualization 80 HiperSocket 81 History of CP CMS 82 HP Integrity Virtual Machines 93 Hyper V 96 Hypervisor 103 HyperVM T O virtualization IBM CP 40 IBM M44 44x IBM OLIVER CICS interactive test debug IBM WebSphere eXtreme Scale iCore Virtual Accounts iEmulator InstallFree Kernel based Virtual Machine Lanamark libquantum Live migration LivePC Logical Domains Logical partition virtual computing platform Mac on Linux Mac on Mac Marionnet Memory virtualization Merge software Microsoft App V Windows Virtual PC Microsoft Virtual Server MojoPac MokaFive Network virtualization Novell ZENworks Application VIrtualization Open Kernel Labs Open Virtualization Alliance Open Virtualization Format Operating system level virtualization Optimal IdM Oracle Enterprise Manager Ops Center Oracle V
38. lementation for Ruby 1 9 and newer versions Z machine Z Code Zend Engine PHP C 75k libJIT Library for Common Virtual machine is used C ia32 arm Just In Time Intermediate in Portable NET amd64 alpha compilation Language Java Just In Time compiler low level CPU bytecode ILDJIT HornetsEye architecture specific Domain specific machine code programming language References 1 http developer apple com mac library documentation Java Conceptual Java14Development 00 Intro JavaDevelopment html 2 http doc cat v org inferno 4th_edition dis_WM_specification 3 http www is research de info vmlanguages 4 5 eS http luajit org http java sun com javase 6 http www mirandabanda org cog 7 8 aad a http vmkit llvm org http wiki squeak org squeak 2267 e libJIT vs LLVM discussion Rhys Weatherley libJIT and Chris Lattner LLVM http lists gnu org archive html dotgnu libjit 2004 05 index html External links e List of Java Virtual Machines JVMs Java Development Kits JDKs Java Runtime Environments JREs http java virtual machine net other html Comparison of platform virtual machines Comparison of platform virtual machines Platform virtual machines are software packages which emulate the whole physical computer machine often giving multiple virtual machines on one physical platform The table below compares basic information about platform virtual machine VM p
39. ll only be used to analyse problems It is completely unsupported and will change in incompatible ways without warning e Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 and Windows 7 SP1 have limited support for redirecting the USB protocol over RDP using RemoteFX 29 e Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 adds accelerated graphics support for certain editions of Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 and Windows 7 SP1 using RemoteFX 30 31 Restrictions This table is meant to outline restrictions in the software dictated by licensing or capabilities Comparison of platform virtual machines 19 Name Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum host host cores host host disk number of number of amount of number of disk size physical per memory volume size guest VM logical CPU memory per SCSI IDE per VM processors processor running per VM VM guest disks per guest sockets guest 32 64 bit VM guest Containers No limit No limit No limit No limit 8 191 No limit No limit No limit No limit or Zones Solaris Solaris supports supports system with current 72 CPU systems with sockets 4TB RAM VMware No limit N A 8 8 32 GB 2 TB Player 310 VMware Varies max 16 No limit N A 16 4 64 2 8 8 GB 60 4 64 950 GB Sever is sockets 2 931 cores 16 VMware Varies max 160 1TB 2 TB minus 320 VMs 8 255 255 GB 60 4 64 2 TB minus vSphere logical is 160 512 bytes 512 bytes Hypervisor
40. machines while Fusion has better more detailed graphics Fusion has difficulty showing the startup video but Parallels Desktop s graphics are not as rich When running Portal Fusion is faster but its graphics are visibly lighter while Parallels Desktop has better graphics and visual details Cross platform task tests MacTech s cross platform tests timed how long it took users to perform multi step tasks that moved data between Mac OS X and Windows VMware Fusion which is designed for increased isolation from the host requires more manual steps to move data between the host and the virtual environment Parallels Desktop which is designed to run transparently with the Mac OS X host requires fewer steps to perform the same tasks Therefore Parallels Desktop was faster Networking and file I O tests Parallels Desktop occasionally displayed lag anomalies while VMware Fusion s virtual drive performance was very close to that of a physical drive VMware Fusion preferred a bridged connection for reliable performance and Parallels Desktop was consistent regardless of the type of virtual network adaptor used Simultaneous use of VM and host OS Parallel Desktop 5 always uses wired memory for hosted OS while VMWare Fusion 3 0 uses active memory that can be swapped Giving better performance to hosted VM this leaves less memory to host OS programs and causes more swapping if you use VM and host OS programs at the same time 2010 Benc
41. modules required Two modes full virtualization and x86 based devices Native XP applications paravirtualization vertical markets both modes may include be used for robotics different operating industrial systems automation concurrently medical telecom test and measurement focus is on real time uses Paravirtualization Servers Up to near native Yes and porting or spee qrative hardware virtualization Hobbyist Developer Business workstation Paravirtualization Mob phone Native ive and porting or STB routers hardware etc virtualization Porting used as a near Native separate native_speed Runs machhe torg slow as all calls are server or with proxied X11 networking Virtualization Business Near native workstation server consolidation service continuity developer hobbyist Native Server Near Native virtualization consolidation service continuity dev test Virtualization Hobbyist Near native with guest calls Developer virtual machine trapping where Business additions supported workstation Hardware Developer Near native with virtualization Business virtual machine workstation additions support for Compatibility with Windows Comparison of platform virtual machines 14 Virtual PC 7 dynamic Hobbyist Slow 2 for Mac recompilation Developer Yes Yes guest calls
42. of memory like the JVM which allows safe automatic memory Comparison of application virtual machines management while also offering an unsafe mode that allows direct manipulation of pointers in ways that can violate type boundaries and permission Code security generally refers to the ability of the portable virtual machine to run code while only offering it a prescribed set of capabilities For example the virtual machine might only allow the code access to a certain set of functions or data The same controls over pointers which make automatic memory management possible and allow the virtual machine to ensure typesafe data access are used to assure that a code fragment is only allowed to certain elements of memory and cannot sidestep the virtual machine itself Other security mechanisms are then layered on top as code verifiers stack verifiers and other techniques An interpreter allows programs made of virtual instructions to be loaded and immediately run without a potentially costly compilation into native machine instructions Any virtual machine which can be run can be interpreted so the column designation here refers to whether the design includes provisions for efficient interpretation for common usage Just in time compilation or JIT refers to a method of compiling to native instructions at the latest possible time usually immediately before or during the running of the program The challenge of JIT is more one of impl
43. pagated to latter stages External links e Adeos Home Page 2 e Adeos Workspace 3 References 1 Adaptive Domain Environment for Operating Systems http whitepapers zdnet co uk 0 100000065 1 2600885 15p 00 htm whitepapers zdnet co uk February 15 2001 Retrieved 2009 09 02 2 http home gna org adeos 3 https gna org projects adeos ALGOL 68C 30 ALGOL 68C The ALGOL68C computer programming language compiler was developed for the CHAOS OS for the CAP capability computer at Cambridge University in 1971 by Stephen Bourne and Mike Guy as a dialect of ALGOL 68 Other early contributors were Andrew D Birrell and Ian Walker The initial compiler was written in PSYCO the Princeton S Yntax COmpiler by Edgar T Irons and implemented by J H Mathewman at Cambridge The language was called Z was subsequently morphed into ALGOL 68 ALGOL68C was built to develop the CAMbridge ALgebra system called CAMAL Subsequent work was done on the compiler after Bourne left Cambridge University in 1975 Garbage collection was added and the code base is still running on an emulated OS MVT using Hercules The ALGOL68C compiler generated ZCODE output that could then be either compiled into the local machine code by a ZCODE translator or run interpreted ZCODE is a register based intermediate language This ability to interpret or compile ZCODE encouraged the porting of ALGOL 68C to numerous different computer platforms A
44. pecial option in his Unix debugger adb to obtain a stack backtrace for programs written in ALGOL68C Here is an extract from the Unix 7th edition adb manual pages NAME adb debugger SYNOBS TS aclo w T obril Cowi j Pac COMMANDS E Smodifier Miscellaneous commands The available modifiers are ALGOL 68C 31 ALGOL 68 stack backtrace If address is given then it is taken to be the address of the current frame instead of r4 If count is given then only the first count frames are printed ALGOL 68C extensions to Algol 68 Below is a sampling of some notable extensions e Automatic op for any operator e g and e UPTO DOWNTO and UNTIL in loop clauses e displacement operator e ANDF ORF and THEF syntactic elements e separate compilation ENVIRON clause and USING clause e scopes not checked e bounds in formal declarers e CODE EDOC clause for embedding ZCODE The ENVIRON and USING clauses Separate compilation in ALGOL 68C is done using the ENVIRON and USING clauses The ENVIRON saves the complete environment at the point it appears A separate module written starting with a USING clause is effectively inserted into the first module at the point the ENVIRON clause appears ENVIRON and USING are useful for a top down style of programming in contrast to the bottom up style implied by traditional library mechanisms These clauses are kind of the inver
45. player310 pdf Getting Started Guide VMware Player 3 1 http www vmware com pdf vmserver2 pdf VMware Server User s Guide VMware Server 2 0 http www vmware com pdf vsphere4 r41 vsp_41_config_max pdf Configuration Maximums VMware vSphere 4 1 http www vmware com pdf vsphere4 r41 vsp_41_config_max pdf Configuration Maximums VMware vSphere 4 1 http www virtualbox org manual chO1 html Oracle VM VirtualBox User Manual Accessed 201 1 04 07 External links e Technical comparison of Linux virtualization technologies http virt kernelnewbies org TechComparison e Unix for Windows FAQ http www unix com answers frequently asked questions 16634 unix environments ms windows html at Unix com Comparison of VMware Fusion and Parallels Desktop Represented by their respective products VMware and Parallels are the two major commercial competitors in the Mac consumer virtualization market Both products are based on hypervisor technology and allow users to run an additional 32 or 64 bit x86 operating system in a virtual machine alongside Mac OS X on an Intel powered Mac The similarity in features and functionality between VMware Fusion and Parallels Desktop for Mac has given occasion for much comparison Features Comparison of VMware Fusion and Parallels Desktop 21 Feature Product VMware Fusion 3 1 Parallels Desktop 6 Installing Windows on Mac Easy Install with Automatic Windows
46. s Windows application folder in Dock Yes Windows Start Menu in Dock Yes Windows application folder in menu bar Yes Windows Start Menu in menu Yes Yes Always On Application Menu available to launch Windows apps at any time an a Quit Individual Window applications Yes Yes Comparison of VMware Fusion and Parallels Desktop 22 Use Command to switch between open windows in a Windows Yes Yes app Assign Windows applications to a Mac OS X Space oy Doesn t keep windows from app es together Shared Folders to access Mac files folders from Windows Yes Yes Access Windows tray icons in Unity Yes Yes Arrow icon in the Mac menu bar for customizing Windows tray v es icons in Coherence Progress for downloads and other operations is displayed on the lt i es Windows 7 applications icons in the Dock Windows 7 Jump Lists are supported for Windows applications in the Dock view your recent documents by right clicking the Yes application icon in the Dock Grouping of all windows of a single Windows application under the v es same application icon in the Dock Active screen corners Yes Launch Windows or Mac internet applications from hyperlinks Yes Windows applications can be set as the default applications for v es handling CDs and DVDs inserted into the Mac Enable
47. se of the include found in the C programming language or import found in Python The purpose of the ENVIRON mechanism is to allow a program source to be broken into manageable sized pieces Note that it is only necessary to parse the shared source file once unlike a include found in the C programming language where the include file needs to be parsed for each source file that includes it Example of ENVIRON clause A file called mylib a68 BEGIN Tit chin Sp F a INT a number 1 ENVIRON EXAMPLE1 constant 20 a variable MODE MATRIX dim dim REAL a type definition MATRIX ml a number ENVIRON EXAMPLE2 print a number END ALGOL 68C 32 Example of USING clause A file called usemylib a68 USING EXAMPLE2 FROM mylib BEGIN MATRIX m2 example only print a number declared in mylib a68 print 2 UPB MIN also declared in mylib a68 ENVIRON EXAMPLE3 ENVIRONS can be nested 666 END Restrictions to the language from the standard ALGOL 68 e no algol68 FLEX and variable length arrays e MODE STRING implemented without FLEX e The PAR parallel clause was not implemented e nonstandard transput others A translator compiler for ALGOL 68C was available for the PDP 10 and System 360 as well as a number of other computers References 1 Andrew D Birrell December 1977 System Progr
48. side from the CAP capability computer the compiler was ported to systems including CMS TOPS 10 and Z80 Popular Culture A very early predecessor of this compiler was used by Guy and Bourne to write the first life game programs on the PDP 7 with a DEC 340 display see Scientific American article For long lived populations such as this one Conway sometimes uses a PDP 7 computer with a screen on which he can observe the changes The program was written by M J T Guy and S R Bourne Without its help some discoveries about the game would have been difficult to make Scientific American 223 October 1970 120 123 Various Liverpool Software Gazette issues detail the Z80 implementation The compiler required about 120Kb of memory to run hence the Z80 s 64Kb memory is actually too small to run the compiler So ALGOL 68C programs for the Z80 had to be cross compiled from ALGOL 68C running on the larger CAP capability computer or an IBM 370 mainframe Algol 68C and Unix Stephen Bourne subsequently reused ALGOL 68 s revered if then else fi case in out esac and for while do od clauses in the common Unix Bourne shell but with in s syntax changed out removed and od replaced with done to avoid conflict with the od utility After Cambridge Bourne spent nine years at Bell Labs with the Seventh Edition Unix team As well as developing the Bourne shell he ported ALGOL 68C to Unix on the DEC PDP 11 45 and included a s
49. solidation Kes dev test Comparison of platform virtual machines 15 VMware Workstation 6 0 VMware Player 2 0 Wind River hypervisor Wind River VxWorks MILS Platform XtratuM Not required with the exception of the networking drivers where a NAT is required A modified guest kernel or special hardware level abstraction is required for guest OSs hardware assisted Paravirtualization Technical Up to near native VMI and professional virtualization advanced dev test trainer Virtualization Technical Up to near native professional advanced dev test trainer end user on prebuilt machines Paravirtualization Embedded Native hardware assisted safety critical virtualization secure Paravirtualization Embedded Native safety critical systems to provide hardware assists virtualization secure Paravirtualization eee Up to near native and porting or consolidation spee native pare dev test substantial virtualization performance loss on some workloads network and disk intensive especially Paravirtualization Embedded Native overhead safety critical lower than 1 secure Virtualization Servers Neat among first zvm_performance Native Comparison of platform virtual machines 16 z LPARs Microcode and Servers Native System z hardware machines always hypervisor run with at least one LPAR Name Gue
50. st OS Runs arbitrary Supported Method of Typical use Speed relative to SMP OS guest OS operation host OS Commercial available drivers support available e Providing any virtual environment usually requires some overhead of some type or another Native usually means that the virtualization technique does not do any CPU level virtualization like Bochs which executes code more slowly than when it is directly executed by a CPU Some other products such as VMWare and Virtual PC use similar approaches to Bochs and QEMU however they use a number of advanced techniques to shortcut most of the calls directly to the CPU similar to the process that JIT compiler uses to bring the speed to near native in most cases However some products such as coLinux Xen z VM in real mode do not suffer the cost of CPU level slowdowns as the CPU level instructions are not proxied or executing against an emulated architecture since the guest OS or hardware is providing the environment for the applications to run under However access to many of the other resources on the system such as devices and memory may be proxied or emulated in order to broker those shared services out to all the guests which may cause some slow downs as compared to running outside of virtualization e OS level virtualization is described as native speed however some groups have found overhead as high as 3 for some operations but generally figures come under 1 so long as secondary
51. sult Windows XP 32 bit Processor Parallels Desktop runs 14 faster Windows Vista 32 bit 1 Processor Parallels Desktop runs 14 faster Windows XP 32 bit 2 Processors VMware Fusion runs 10 faster Windows Vista 32 bit 2 Processors Parallels Desktop runs 20 faster Windows XP 64 bit 2 Processors Parallels Desktop runs 15 faster The tests were performed on the White MacBook MacBook Pro iMac and MacPro Both Fusion and Parallels Desktop were optimized for virtual machine performance MacTech s test included launch and CPU tests File and Network IO Footprint Application Launch Application Performance and 3D and HD Graphics In many cases tests were performed after both Adam and Successful launches and were timed using a stopwatch Comparison of VMware Fusion and Parallels Desktop 28 Test Suite Performance Winner Windows Launch Performance Parallels Desktop for Mac CPU Parallels Desktop for Mac except for 2 of the 14 tests Footprint on Mac Parallels Desktop for Mac Application Launch VMware Fusion 5 Application Performance Both products did well except for IE where Parallels Desktop is 80 91 faster 3D and HD Performance Dependent on game video and Windows environment 1 3D Games tested were Civilization IV Colonization and Portal In Civilization Parallels Desktop has faster FPS Frames Per Second and performed better on slower
52. ystems is a nanokernel hardware abstraction layer HAL that operates between computer hardware and the operating system that runs on it Tt is distinct from other nanokernels in that it is not just a low level layer for an outer kernel Instead it is intended to run several kernels together which makes it similar to virtualization technologies Adeos provides a flexible environment for sharing hardware resources among multiple operating systems or among multiple instances of a single OS thereby enabling multiple prioritized domains to exist simultaneously on the same hardware Adeos has been successfully inserted beneath the Linux kernel opening a range of possibilities such as SMP clustering more efficient virtualization patchless kernel debugging and real time systems for Linux Unusually among HALs Adeos can be loaded as a Linux loadable kernel module to allow another OS to run along with it In fact Adeos was developed in the context of RTAI Real Time Application Interface to modularize it and to separate the HAL from the real time kernel Architecture Adeos implements a queue of signals Each time that a peripheral sends a signal the different operating systems that are running in the machine are awakened in turn and must decide if they will accept handle ignore discard or terminate the signal Signals not handled or discarded by an OS are passed to the next OS in the chain Signals that are terminated are not pro
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