ANC-6085 User`s Manual Rev C.
Contents
1. 27 ElectronicKit com 2 Features 16 Channels of Digital Power Output 1 Amp continuous External power driver source from 5 to 36 volts RoHS Compliant Lead Free parts and construction Designed and Made in the USA both PCB and Assembly Easy terminal block interfacing with discrete wires Uses 2 for card control Only 2 Arduino data signals required Programs using the WIRE library in the Arduino IDE sample code on website Multi card operation card select jumpers and stackable Arduino connectors Compatible with Arduino UNO Duemilanove UNO Leonardo and 100 Arduino clone cards Surface mount technology SMT and socketed power drivers Software output driver disable option for lower stand by power Solder pads for external Schottky blocking diodes added power dissipation or for user supplied status LEDs see Appendix B NOTE There is a continuous current limit of 6 Amps for the PCB that is due to the trace width and individual driver IC wattage limitations User should determine current use and design accordingly Additional heat sinking and or a fan would be recommended for continuous high current operation Overview The EKT 1016 shield gives the Arduino system designer 16 pins of digital power driving capability There are enough output pins to drive 4 stepper motors unipolar or H bridge 16 power LED strings or 16 rel2. output Wire endTransmission Wire beginTransmission Base Base address Wire write 0x01 IODIRB set port B I O Wire write 0x00 Port B output Wire endTransmission Enable disable drivers Enable EKT 1016 Port A and if EnbAB gt 0 digitalWrite EnbAB LOW enable drivers Disable 1016 Port A if EnbAB gt 0 digitalWrite EnbAB HIGH disable drivers Write data to port Wire beginTransmission Base Wire write GpioA port A Wire write 255 dataA invert data to Port A Wire endTransmission Wire beginTransmission Base Wire write GpioB port B Wire write 255 dataB invert data to Port Wire endTransmission Note user sets the variables dataA and dataB to a hex or binary integer within their program to the driver s desired to be turned ON The 255 data inverts the user s 8 bits of data into correct negative true bit pattern Complete EKT 1016 Sketch ripple1016 ino The sample below is a complete sketch to ripple through all 16 drivers both ports starting from DO through D7 and then repeating ElectronicKit com 14 EKT 1016 Rev A Ripple Test Driver ElectronicKit com This sketch ripples through all 8 drivers on port A and B at 100ms step change the last line for a different rate User can change the card address and enabl
3. outputting it to the driver port Now What If none of the above seems to fix the problem but the LED test works the shield is working and you may need to connect an oscilloscope up to examine and monitor the power driver signals and the I2C signals being generated by the Arduino and running with your program Refer to the schematic at the back of this manual It is easy to put a scope probe onto the tops of the solder pads for the power driver ports PA PB and verify that the signals are present Test the V to the shield by attaching a probe to PA pin 1 or PB pin 1 Look for excess noise on any of the control lines that might be fouling the operation We do have a limited warranty on factory built products from 1 year of invoice date so if it still does not work email ElectronicKit com addr on website under contact ElectronicKit com 18 Appendix User Installed Status LEDs A user built LED status display provides an easy functional visualization of operation for initial test debug and troubleshooting finished equipment Download and program your Arduino with the ripple1016 ino sketch from the electronickit com kitproduct ekt 1016 sketch 1016 zip URL EXTRN SUPPLY GND 07 TERMINAL BLOCK PORT LED TEST DRIVER Fig 8 LED Test Fixture Each port status display is made up of eight LED anodes and suitable current limiting resisters and a wire jumper to port pin 1 with a DC voltage like 5v The LED cathod
4. Don t be in a big hurry to get the kit built and try not to drink a whole pot of coffee before starting There are at least 4 ways to build a PCB that have SMD parts The author has written this appendix for this specific electronic kit but much of the information here applies to any of the kits electronickit com offers If you have your own favorite SMD soldering technique you can probably skip down to the assembly drawings in Appendix E and get started The technique the author will cover here in detail is using a soldering iron for SMD assembly Toaster Oven The author s favorite way to build prototypes DO NOT USE YOUR KITCHEN OVEN OR KITCHEN TOASTER OVEN This technique is a one way trip for a toaster oven as it leaves a lot of chemicals on the heated surface after it is used even ONE TIME for SMD soldering You use a syringe of lead free solder paste available from Amazon Digikey or Mouser sparingly applied to each land SMD pad Placing the components onto the lands with a tweezers placing the PCB onto the oven tray and then running up the toaster oven with the door held slightly open until the gray solder paste turns bright silver then add 10 15 seconds more You then open the toaster door which turns off the oven and using pliers CAREFULLY pull the toaster oven tray 2 3 of the way out place a small fan set to a low speed near the open door to increase the cool down speed You can build multiple cards this way and it yield
5. The user should use standoffs from the Arduino to the EKT 1016 for permanent installations to assure good long term connection and added heat sinking Shield Powering The power for the ElectronicKit com shield is from 5 and GND on the Arduino PW J4 connector see page 2 of the schematic Average current used by the shield is xxx ma Remember to power the attached equipment to the EKT 1016 the user must attach an external source of DC voltage The Arduino regulator can not supply enough current for power driving applications That is why there are no jumpers for the user to connect the Arduino power 5v to power drivers even though that might be handy for testing the user could easily forget to remove such a jumper connect an external power supply to the output port terminal block and burn up the Arduino card ElectronicKit com 4 External Powering The Arduino can NOT provide enough current through its on board voltage regulator to drive much power for 16 channels of output That is why there are terminal block pins IDC pins and even a separate 4 pin terminal block to ensure the user can apply an external DC voltage with enough current to drive the outputs Do not wire up the 5v from the Arduino to power the output drivers unless you are sure of what you are doing An external 5 to 36 voltage source may be feed into pin 1 of the port A TB3 or B TB1 10 pin terminal block The ground return from the external power supply should be
6. before soldering Stacking connectors solder last The 2013 dated kit includes a combination of stacking connectors to tailor the assembly toward use with the original Arduino UNO or the newer R3 Leonardo Future kits will have connectors for the R3 only as they will work with both versions The kit sheet shows the connector length to use with both Arduino CPU versions There are two differences between the card versions involving the length of PW J4 and J2 see page 2 of the schematic The total added 4 pins make little difference as far as the author can tell and no difference in operation There may be ElectronicKit com 22 some concern if more shields are added onto the kit shield If you are unsure how to proceed the author suggests building up the card with the higher pin count connectors That way at some future time if you are switching from using an UNO to a newer Arduino version your card will be fully compatible Be sure the 2 extra pins of PW J4 and J2 do not touch other components on the Arduino UNO and if necessary bend them slightly outward As for alignment put the 4 female stacking connector ends onto another shield s male connectors Then solder one or two pins of each stacking connector on the solder side You then remove the 2 alignment shield check that the connector is seated on the PCB properly and finish soldering the remaining pins Final assembly There are jumper shunts and socketed components to install fo
7. blow the parts off of the card You can glue the SMD parts onto the PCB to help prevent the hot air from moving or blowing them off but the author does not know how that could be done practically in a non pro setting More practical might be to solder the corner component pins of the semiconductors and hand solder the small capacitors and resistors good trick is to place a small blob of solder paste on the back of the SMD ICs and carefully watch for it to melt an indication that you have reached the right distance temperature and time You now need to apply a few more seconds of heating to get the component lead solder paste to melt turn bright silver have used this technique to remove and replace SMD parts but not to solder an entire card ElectronicKit com 20 Solder This is by far the easiest and lowest cost technique for the electronic kit builder You use lead free 032 0 8mm DIA solder and carefully apply a tiny amount of solder between the SMD lead and the SMD land using a small tipped solder wetted iron Every electronic kit the author designs is built at least one time this way to insure that the technique is usable for building the project The technique the author will cover here is the soldering iron approach At a minimum you will need A small soldering tip as the SMD ICs have 050 1 3mm pitched lead spacing Tweezers to hold the SMD components in place while soldering A free standing magnifyi
8. connected to pin 10 of the respective port terminal block Additionally there are 2 groups of 10 solder pads that line up behind TB1 and TB3 for the user to use when SIP connectors or soldered connections are desired to the power driver outputs Each pad follows the pin function of the terminal block in front of it These pad rows also can be used for adding external Shockley blocking diodes to increase card power dissipation or even adding LEDs for status of each driver The designer can also use pins 2 and 4 of the 4 pin terminal block TB2 for powering port A and B respectively Why Because the user may want to use a peripheral board which needs powering and using TB2 to supply power allows taking power from pin 1 on each port terminal block You can have 2 different voltages on the EKT 1016 card Meaning you could run port A with 12v DC and port B with a 9v DC source See figure 1 below for the terminal block pinouts Provide external power to ONLY one of the 3 possible single port powering pins This means to power port A use either pin 1 of the TB3 or pin 1 of the PA IDC pad or pin 4 of TB2 and for power to port B use either pin 1 of TB1 or pin 1 or PB or pin 2 of TB2 For advanced users you could diode isolate 2 sources of DC voltage to provide a backup supply for operation Shield Control The reset signal on the EKT 1016 is drawn from the Arduino PW J4 connector see page 2 of the schematic Along with reset S
9. transfer and dampens the ringing of a reflected signal If you are using the EKT 1016 to interface with 2 or more devices having 10K ohm termination resisters that only one of them is enabled on the card furthest away from the Arduino CPU card Powering Be sure that the external V DC being applied to the driver ports are on Unlike most other shields the EKT 1016 requires one or two external DC power sources provide drive current to the attached motors LEDs relays etc Here again if the external powering source s is off the card will appear to not be working at all Program Operation If the program or card jumpers are not set up right the shield will appear not to be working at all The application program you are using needs setup steps performed in order to operate Selecting the port address sending initial configuration commands and port data plus setting the level of the enable signal if data line enabled at a minimum Check that the card address matches the code address and that the enable jumper matches the enable driver code Each time the program writes out a new change of state to the port s the previous state is gone the user must keep track of what bits are on and off in order to build a data byte to output to the desired port Generally you keep a copy of the byte to be output in RAM then AND in a 1 s compliment mask to turn a bit off or OR in a bit to turn a driver on before saving the byte and
10. 16 sketch 1016 zip unzip the file and upload the ripple1016 ino program to your Arduino using the IDE as usual The drivers should ripple upward DO to D7 if everything is working correctly Each individual port should light for about 100ms before the LED right of it comes on This should continue for all 8 LEDs on each port then repeat The user can speed up or slow down the ripple by changing the last line of the sketch see PROGRAM OPERATION above and Appendix B below for schematic of LED test fixture Wiring or Cabling a common problem If one of the driver wires is not connected open or shorted that driver will not operate and may even damage the driver s An open V connection to either port A or B may cause the port s not to work or damage all the drivers Check the wiring by testing continuity Be sure to power down the system before checking continuity or any other physical connection testing Remember if you have an inductive component attached to the shield motor relay choke coil to disconnect it before running a continuity test If possible try the LED test described above at the far end of the wiring to verify operation If you can not get the LED test to work through your wiring it will not work in your application Even cables purchased with molded ends can be defective Over Current Be sure you are not drawing more current than the EKT 1016 can supply Each driver can handle 1 Ampere DC continuously but there is a ch
11. 9 Connecting Devices to the Drivers Attaching devices to the EKT 1016 is straightforward if the user understands the drivers operate by pulling their output to ground This means one end of the attached device see the figure below for examples is connected to an appropriate voltage for operation while the other device lead is attached to a shield terminal block driver pin There are a few exceptions but for a majority of applications that is the only correct or workable technique for operation The user also needs to connect the external power source to the port on pin 1 for proper operation Wire the external power supply ground to pin 10 see fig 6 and 7 below The EKT 1016 is for applications with medium power digital devices That means the usual output control limitation of 40ma from the Arduino digital pins can now be up to 1 Amp Medium power stepper motors high power LEDs relays etc can be easily handled by this shield There are limits of what the user can do as the circuit board traces and terminal blocks plus common sense limit the card to 6 Amperes running concurrently That is lot of current but the user should still be aware of what is being controlled and the current the 16 channels are drawing with all outputs on The EKT 1016 can run 4 stepper motors at the same time because not all of the outputs are running at the same time 4 motors might mean as many as 8 channels on at the same time so the user would have to 1 m
12. 9 DPC PULL UP ENABEE JP D AND ince e ee A Saa in Means 9 CONNECTING DEVICES TO THE DRIVERS 10 Tig 6 Attaching a device control iiia ERE etre eae ease Fee a prc et id ee e 10 TERMINAL BLOCK DEVICE CONNECTION Su qe e a tere esi et ec eere exe dete e e ead Pei e te tee duo 11 Fig 7 Driver terminal blocks and TB2 Aux power 11 Port A TB3 and PA connections x a ei 11 Port B TBI and PBconnections a a eset 11 Auxiliar V DC Inputs for Port A and o dg aeo Hep RO e I Ue FH PED Ge Ret 11 PROGRAMMING THE EK T 1010 iecore eee ert eee een roo erro 13 BEGINNING OF SKETCH ed e ee cie ce p rede eR eee et o e reete reete de re e Legi e Ede 13 SETUP SEGMENT 13 BENABLE DISABEE DRIVERS ANEA E A A TO E 14 WRITE DATA TO PORTA AND BIS rc ee due 14 COMPLETE 1016 SKETCH RIPPLE1016 ING ia i e 14 APPENDIX EKT 1016 TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE 17 Driver Channel Problems To
13. CATIONS reet et tetro teles uter a e eed ec ees Set restet esee suae ese 4 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS o cerit ede nid teet A hc metet eene tuse Sa as 4 CARD INSTALLATION isip ioii tecti tein ehe me ud e De a EN ag E HER E 4 POWERING dosi muro tei tiene E E 4 EXTERNAL POWERING esee te ese tcr tee beer e te e PUR o d petra nteger 5 SHIELD CONTRO 82 5 SHIELD JUMPER OPTIONS eon kon eene i enn enge recae eee o oua ana uo ev 6 Fig 2 EKT 1016 jumper locations set as 5 6 DRIVER ENABLE J Pel 53 6 eth tcr et ER at ie Ee te 7 Fig 3 Driver Enable J rnper drei eee tende discre edat ade dee tee pede cep de 7 Card Driver Enable JP1T 3 och leet Sedan asla soe S eee ka Bec obl oot S 7 I2C ADDRESS AND SOURGE SELECT JP2 eeu egeo 8 4 DC Addrand Sources ume tete eee ME et ee PH T OR OH CDD E IR e P 8 12 Address Jumpers ai Saas a Tent vena Sua OE ie er i e extus 8 Card Audkess JP2 TDYRS amu Rt 8 L2G SOUNCE Jump ers nd Severe er tek dh ge de i ee foe dere tee eret eb epe tds 9 Fig 5 Pull up Resistor D and C Jumpers s2 eee idee Re e tec e ke i
14. DA and SCL are used for I2C control see page 2 on the schematic for physical pin location Optionally the user can use one additional digital line for enabling the power output drivers or choosing to enable the drivers always as shipped The designer can jumper select any one of D2 D3 D7 or D8 for driver enabling by program control Sample C code is listed under the Programming the EKT 1016 heading below to show how sketches can enable and disable the drivers as required ElectronicKit com 5 Shield Jumper Options Electr oni cKi t nu C EKT 1016 oooo On 00000000 Ts SLL lec k ooooooonc RU D N c o oo E oooooooo 7 99999 000000 oooo 9 7 S 0555555 12929999009 o o o o ojan 000000 2 5 00 aop oooooo 87326 D D Fig 2 EKT 1016 jumper locations set as shipped When shipped the EKT 1016 is set for Power drivers enabled always 2C device address set to 0 00H 1F hex range 2C control lines on pins 5 and 6 of J1 works for UNO and R3 SDA SCL pull up resistors enabled All references to horizontal and vertical below are in respect to figure 2 above The Appendix D schematic gives another view of the jumpers showing the settings by their physical electronic function Easiest to work on the card w
15. GH 88 6 CODF LOW HIGH HIGH 7 OFF X HIGH HIGH HIGH Each setting covers 32 1F hex addresses For the EKT 1016 card only 4 addresses per setting is used The other addresses can not be safely used by other I2C cards but there should be no problem with an address conflict even if four EKT 1016 shields were stacked on a single UNO R3 card There are 2 address settings that the user should be aware of 0 00 1F hex and 7 EO FF hex For most EKT 1016 applications it will not be a problem but there are reserved addresses within those two address ranges addr RW Description 0000000 0 General call address 0000000 1 START byte 0000001 X CBUS address 0000010 X Reserved for different bus format ElectronicKit com 8 0000011 Reserved for future purposes 0000 1XX X Hs mode master code 11111XX X Reserved for future purposes 11110XX X 10 bit slave addressing The author has run the EKT 1016 using the Arduino IDE s WIRE library with both and 7 without a problem Running other libraries that generate I2C communication may have a different result 12 Source Jumpers The left most 6 pins of JP2 are used to select the source of the I2C data fig 4 above The jumper pairs on JP2 located at the lower right hand side of the PCB allow the designer to swap the I2C SDA and SCL source A change was made to the Arduino R3 hardware that dedicates two 12 pins located on J2 of the Ard
16. Rev 2 5 00 1016 Arduino 16 Channel Power Driver User s Manual com 33 1016 G Gemme Rev B CLK 855 1 JUMPERS R1 10K W 5 ElectronicKit com 818 783 4299 Copyright Copyright c 2013 by ElectronicKit com All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced transmitted transcribed stored in a retrieval system or translated into any language or computer language in any form or by any means electronic mechanical magnetic optical chemical manual or otherwise without the prior written permission of ElectronicKit com a subsidiary of the Antona Corporation in Los Angeles California Warranty ElectronicKit com built products are warranted to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one 1 year from the date of original shipment to the customer We can not offer any warranty coverage for user built or modified products purchased from us This warranty is limited to the replacement or repair of parts not subjected to misuse neglect unauthorized repair alteration except card options accident or failure due to the effects of static electricity discharge By using our products the customer acknowledges that our equipment is not commercial grade or industrial qualified The EKT series PCBs are for use by hobbyist experimenters instructors and engineers for
17. ake sure the motor is not drawing more then about 750 ma per lead and 2 that air is being moved over the PCB to cool the driver chips The user could run 16 high power LED strings at the same time with 375 ma per channel 12U 34 CURRENT LIMITING RESISTOR s POWER LEDS ne 3 20 RELAY 2 12U FROM EXTN SUPLY TB 12U O TB GROUND 12U COMMON S gt 120 UNIPOLAR STEPPER MOTOR Fig 6 Attaching a device for card control The schematic in figure 6 above shows 3 different types of devices being controlled by the EKT 1016 Note that all 3 example device types are being powered by the same 12V external power supply and ground return Attach an additional wire from the external V to pin 1 VAX or VBX of the terminal block being used In addition connect a wire from the external power supply to the ground to pin 10 of the port being used Only one external voltage per port can be accommodated but you can match a device like the power LEDs above with a load resistor zener diode LDO etc if need be Most of the time you will be connecting devices of the same voltage up to the individual port s ElectronicKit com 10 Terminal Block Device Connection Port B PortA V op po GND V p po GND oooooooo0o0cGc Fig 7 Driver terminal blocks and TB2 Aux power block Port A TB3 and PA connections D6 Output fr
18. ays to sequence electric sprinkler valves for an Arduino based gardening system Each driver can handle 1 Ampere of current but each power driver chip supplying 4 channels has a 2 watt maximum power dissipation EXTRN GND SUPPLY ARDUINO UN0ZR3 1016 POWER DRIUER SHIELD TYPICAL LOAD CIRCUIT SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM Fig 1 Basic EKT 1016 System An application example would be where one EKT 1016 plugged into an Arduino UNO inside of an office remotely turns 2 stepper motors via port A connected to worm gears that tilt and or pan a small roof mounted solar array to follow the Sun for maximum energy generation Aiming would be performed either by time of day and day of year or by measuring power output and adjusting for maximum signal input to analog input pin s Port B externally powered ElectronicKit com 3 from the batteries charged by the solar array during the day could be used to drive LED lighting in the evening By monitoring battery voltage again through an analog input line on the Arduino the user s sketch could turn off LEDs as needed by control of ports B s 8 channels As for terminology several references are made to card add on card and program which are commonly referred to as shield and sketch respectively in Arduino parlance There is some information repeated under the various sub headings of the manual This is handy for the user who j
19. ds If the first soldered lead is not near perfectly aligned it makes it way harder to get the 2 corner lead to align right Center the chip to that there is equal land showing on each side of the chip s leads After you have the two corner pads soldered reapply some of the liquid flux to the rest of the unsoldered leads Then by heating one lead at a time where the ends of the lead meets the land use a solder wetted tip to apply a small amount of solder The solder will be pulled into the lead land junction by capillary action If this all goes well the 15 time you try it you sir are a steely eyed SMD kit builder The author can not stress enough the importance of flux and a clean wetted soldering tip You may prefer to use solder paste which does work in this application Put a small amount of paste on all of the SMD pads with a toothpick Then place the component in place over the lands with tweezers Holding the part in place use the soldering tip as above to heat the junction between the lead and the land on two opposing component corners as above When you have the lead to land alignment correct work on doing the remaining component leads by heating the lead land junction edge Take your time and work from the smallest IC to the largest When done with each part use a magnifying glass to examine the soldered connections The most common issue is getting solder onto the lead but not on the SMD pad My solution is to bias the soldering wet
20. e all rules when working with these parts The ICs have been packed in antistatic plastic for shipping but the user should touch some grounded object like a metal power strip enclosure appliance or home lighting fixture to bleed off any static charge before handling integrated circuits Carpeting plastic and some types of clothing generate static so be aware of your particular work situation when building any electronic kit The SMD IC leads are fragile so be careful in handling them and avoid handling at all if possible Use the tweezers on the non leaded sides to move the part onto the PCB Avoid the temptation to use your soldering iron to put solder onto all the SMD IC pads as it does not work in the author s opinion Instead use your soldering iron to put a small amount of solder onto 2 diagonal corner lands of each SMD IC Wet all of the component lands with flux including the component leads Watch the component polarity and double check it Now using the tweezers a pair that opens enough to grasp the black epoxy IC body place it over the component lands centered both vertically and horizontally Apply the soldering iron to one of the ElectronicKit com 21 two corner lands you have put small amount of solder on This 17 soldered SMD lead is the most important one f you have soldered the corner component lead with good alignment do the 2 diagonal corner lead being sure that all of the other leads are right over there respective lan
21. e pin per the EKT 1016 User s Manual at http www electronickit com kitproduct man1016 pdf include Arduino h include Wire h Enable Driver Output Enable only one line below Card shipped with enb on always const int EnbAB 0 Always Enabled as shipped const int EnbAB 2 use PD2 const int EnbAB 3 use PD3 const int EnbAB 7 use PD7 const int EnbAB 8 use PBO Chose I2C Shield Address 0 jumper on pins 1 no jumper Card shipped with adr 000 all 3 jumpered Enable only 1 line below A2 Al AO const byte Adr 0x00 0 0 0 as shipped const byte Adr 0x01 0 const byte Adr 0x02 0 const byte Adr 0x03 0 const byte Adr 0x04 1 const byte Adr 0x05 1 const byte Adr 0x06 1 FPROOFRFSA const byte Adr 0x07 1 const byte Base 0x20 Adr shield base address const byte GpioA 0x12 port A data reg const byte GpioB 0x13 port B data reg int i 0 int Shift 1 void setup if EnbAB gt 0 pinMode EnbAB OUTPUT digitalWrite EnbAB HIGH disable all drivers Wire begin start Set Port A and B to Output Wire beginTransmission Base Base address Wire write 0x00 TODIRA set port A I O Wire write 0x00 Port A output Wire endTransmission Wire be
22. ebsite at http www electronickit com kitproduct ekt 1016 sketch1016 zip Beginning of sketch finclude Arduino h include Wire h Enable Driver Output Card shipped with enb on always G jumpered Enable only line below const int EnbAB 0 Always Enabled as shipped const int EnbAB 2 use PD2 const int EnbAB 3 use PD3 const int EnbAB 7 use PD7 const int EnbAB 8 use PBO Chose 12 Shield Address 0 jumpered 1 no jumper Card shipped with adr 000 all 3 jumpered Enable only 1 line below A2 Al AO const byte Adr 0x00 0 0 0 as shipped const byte Adr 0x01 0 0 1 const byte Adr 0x02 0 0 const byte Adr 0x03 0 1 const byte Adr 0 04 1 0 0 const byte Adr 0x05 1 0 1 const byte Adr 0x06 1 1 0 const byte Adr 0x07 1 1 const byte Base 0x20 Adr shield base address const byte GpioA 0x12 port A data reg const byte GpioB 0x13 port B data reg Setup segment void setup df EnbAB gt 0 pinMode EnbAB OUTPUT ElectronicKit com 1 3 digitalWrite EnbAB HIGH disable all drivers Wire begin start Set Port A and B to Output Wire beginTransmission Base Base address Wire write 0x00 IODIRA set port A I O Wire write 0x00 Port A
23. entertainment learning demonstration and prototypes proof of concept applications The designer is cautioned not use these products for any end user systems for resale In no event shall ElectronicKit com be liable to the purchaser for loss of use profit or consequential damages or damages of any kind including but not limited to accidental loss or damage to other equipment arising out of use of ElectronicKit com equipment whether or not said equipment was used properly The designer is responsible for the determining the suitability and use of the product This warranty is in lieu of any other warranty expressed implied or statutory including without limitation any implied warranty or merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose No amendment of this warranty may be effected except in writing by an officer of the ElectronicKit com All repair services shall be performed at the ElectronicKit com plant in Los Angeles Ca THE PURCHASER MUST OBTAIN A RETURN AUTHORIZATION FROM THE ELECTRONICKIT COM PRIOR TO RETURNING ANY PIECE OF EQUIPMENT Shipment to ElectronicKit com will be at the expense of the purchaser return shipment will be at the expense of the ElectronicKit com for all warranty repairs ElectronicKit com 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS BRAT URES ERE EHE 3 OVERVIEW 3 Fig T Basic EKT 1016 Systetn s bep D voee 3 MECHANICAL SPECIEI
24. es are put into the port s 8 terminal block driver outputs This table will help in interpreting the LEDs Indication on Each Driver Port Meaning Sequential LED on off moving from DO to D7 Normal operation This is the most useful indication of shield operation LED s always off Check external V for LED operation and check the V is connected to pin 1 of port under test Check shield jumper settings and be sure program settings match Check driver enable jumper installation External V must be attached to pin 1 of port External supply ground on pin 10 and must be attached to the LEDs common Possible blown driver chip s LED s always on Check external V for LED operation and check the external V is connected to pin 1 of port under test Be sure Arduino is powered and running the sequential LED sketch Check PCB for a shorted trace to ground associated with the LED s always on Possible blown driver chip s Multiple LEDs of same port on should only be Power down Check wiring most common source one on at a time of problem Check the terminal block for a short Check for something causing a short on the EKT 1016 pcb by following traces backward from the faulting LED s Possible blown driver chip although rare ElectronicKit com 19 Appendix Kit Assembly The kit is designed for an advanced electronics builder be sure you have the right tools and equipment before starting assembly
25. ginTransmission Base Base address Wire write 0x01 IODIRB set port B I O ElectronicKit com 15 Wire write 0x00 Port output Wire endTransmission void 1 for i 0 i lt 8 i Wire beginTransmission Base Wire write GpioA port A Wire write 255 Shift invert data to Port A Wire endTransmission Wire beginTransmission Base Wire write GpioB port B Wire write 255 Shift invert data to Port B Wire endTransmission Shift Shift Shift if Shift 0x100 Shift 1 js EnbAB gt 0 pid LOW enable all drivers 1 10 ElectronicKit com 16 Appendix 1016 Troubleshooting Guide Overview Although this shield is a new 2013 card the author has had a lot of experience with similar industrial control products Here are the most common sources of problems and tests you can make to diagnose a problem Driver Channel Problems LED Test You can verify that the ElectronicKit com shield is working by doing a simple LED shift test Set all jumpers to the factory default the as shipped positions per this manual The user may need to disconnect attached equipment from the driver outputs depending their application and attach LEDs to monitor driver output Download the ripple1016 ino sketch from the ElectronicKit com website http www electronickit com kitproduct ekt 10
26. gso 9101 1533 T0Z 9 WOO LIMDINOYLIANA 3 0 t T r 9 amp 8 T OQ3UNO31 23 ANY ONN ONINGAY 10N9 SOM Ins 9 41 dI 41 dI 2141 dI 5 T 26 Kit com Electronic I 30 JHS T T 0T 3180 8 nad 91011 ON IMUdalV 3215 S9NIMUSHGO 41843558 7102 1183 UO2 11321U0 410913 9101 1513 1D42 1UO 4128 3 10 olol uo I am dos 2l0 zd2H 21 90 et 2105 00819221 90 fz 410 91 21 n In 14 01 418 1 681181 NId9 S3u POZI HH39 05 3 170 212 62 nonaraosao 530 0 1 T Ga 9T er er zr or EH Ex 8 2 fj amp m m E ma or m I I 2 S 2 I Appendix E Assembly Drawings full and SMD only 27 ElectronicKit com Assembly Drawing SMD Parts Only DESCRIPTION 22UF TANT 1210 RES 10K 1206 741500 SOIC 23017 SOP 10F 50U CERM O 1UF 50U CERM 120 SMD ASSEMBLY DRAWING ElectronicKit com 28 1Dj21UO 4129 3 OF REU B 1 11018 SHT ElectronicKit com SIZE alDRAWING DATE 10731713 SL ro La 9101 1513 C11
27. hile it is mounted on top of the Arduino stack and unpowered This makes testing the shield easy while jumper changes are being made Avoid the temptation of changing jumpers while the card is powered ElectronicKit com 6 Driver Enable JP1 Fig 3 Driver Enable Jumper The EKT 1016 can be output controlled by selecting one of four data lines or the driver s can be enabled always as shipped by setting JP1 to Ground the G position jumper On power up or reset the data lines on the Arduino CPU are set to input R1 pulls up the gate inputs to U5 and that disables the output drivers of the shield Now the user s sketch can initialize the card s control and preset the data bytes BEFORE enabling the drivers That insures a consistent start up and helps prevent all 16 drivers from coming on at once which could be bad depending upon the application In addition the program can also disable the driver output pins to lower power used and reduce system heat A single jumper is used for this option but multiple EKT 1016 could have different settings Why disable the drivers under software control If you needed to do an initial position setting of a worm gear attached to a stepper motor disabling the stepper motor power would allow turning the motor by hand Remember controlling the driver output can significantly lower the current used and heat generated by the card Only one data bit can be selected but separate shields can use differe
28. his will minimize the risk of plugging in your new shield and damaging it or your Arduino card Download the test ripple1016 ino program from the electronickit website http www electronickit com kitproduct ekt 1016 sketch1016 zip Load the ripple1016 ino sketch onto your Arduino CPU using the usual process via the Arduino IDE Power down and plug the add on shield onto your Arduino being careful to watch the stacking pin alignment A LED attached to one driver per figure 6 in this manual is the easiest way to do an initial test Remember that the external voltage must be applied to the port being tested in addition to the anode of the LED Though not generally done in this case the user can use the 5V of the stacking PW J4 connector to draw power for the LED test After powering up the LED should flash about once per second if everything is working correctly If no flashing of the LED occurs POWER DOWN and check your setup Moving the LED from driver output to driver output will verify that all drivers are working properly If there is some problem with a particular LED connected driver use the schematic in the next appendix to trace back to the MCP23017 SMD chip as that is where the soldering problem is usually located before tracing forward to the terminal block If none of the LEDs light or there is intermittent driver operation examine the solder connections on the MCP23017 which represents 95 of the shield s circuitry for the co
29. ip limit and trace limit to the amount of total current that can be supplied by the shield good average current number to shot for is 375ma driver Adding a heat sink to the driver chips and or a fan blowing over the card will help Disabling the driver output or turning off individual outputs will lower the overall current used also The driver chip is over temperature protected so if more current by single chip is detected by heating the chip will automatically shut down and reset after power is removed and the chip cools down Overall Shield Operation Signal Control Jumpers There are four main jumpers that control the operation of the EKT 1016 Double check that you have set the jumpers correctly for your application All four jumpers must be installed for the shield to work properly and it is possible to have one mis setting cause the shield to appear non operational Check the shield jumper settings against the Appendix D schematic left hand ElectronicKit com 17 side As baseline restore all jumper settings to the factory defaults shown the schematic and test using the ripple1016 ino sketch down loadable from the ElectronicKit com website http www electronickit com kitproduct ekt 1016 sketch1016 zip 12 Signal Termination Reflected signal produced by the 12 pins that are not terminated properly will cause data transmission errors A terminated connection matched to the impedance produces the best signal
30. ng lens probably age dependent rather than absolutely required Lead free solder included with kit or lead free solder paste Solder flux liquid or paste makes soldering the SMD ICs a lot easier from Amazon Digikey Mouser EE The Kit Sheet The components are not put onto the sheet in assembly order but closer to their function The bags are stapled onto a printed rectangle that gives the part designation quantity description and any warnings to be aware of Some of the parts the builder determines by the size and quantity in the individual bag C1 and C2 are the only 2 same sized capacitors in the passive component SMD bag for example You may end up with a few extra passive SMD parts as they were cut from a reel by spacing rather than count For assembly use the assembly drawings of Appendix E below which show where each component is located by designation and the polarity of the part placement Note that the 2 assembly sheet of Appendix E shows the SMD parts only which will help doing the surface mount soldering The kit sheet shows any issues the builder should be aware of with component polarity SMD Integrated Circuits The SMD ICs should be soldered onto the card first but you may prefer to solder the passive components first especially if you think you need some practice with SMD soldering WARNING be careful handling the semiconductors they are sensitive to static electricity The builder is cautioned to observ
31. nt enable data lines if desired The table below details the setting options by data bit Card Driver Enable JP1 Jumper Pin Data bit 8 uses PBO for control Data bit 7 uses PD7 D8 uses PD7 Note also that the user could use the G jumper pair for wiring an external collection of series connected normally closed limit switches In this way when a limit switch is opened all power to the drivers would be disconnected ElectronicKit com 7 12 Address and Source Select JP2 Fig 4 12C Addr and Source 12 Address Jumpers Jumper 2 located on the lower left hand side of the PCB is really two sets of 6 pins combined into one 12 pin jumper The right hand set of 6 pins sets the shield software address and the left hand 6 pins set the I2C signal source The 3 right hand shunts set the AO A1 and A2 address labeled 0 1 2 in figure 4 above that the card will answer to on the I2C bus When shipped all 3 shunts are shorted across the pair of pins to produce a 0 LOW address bit producing address x00H 00 hex Opening shunt by removing it will produce a 1 HIGH to the corresponding address bit The table below details the address combinations Card Address JP2 ADR Card Adr Adr Range hex 00 1F As shipped fe 20 3F HIGH 40 5F HIGH LOW 607F HIGH HGH LOW 00000000 4 wos Low 5 AOBF HGH LOW HI
32. ntrol input signal operation SDA SCL RESET AO A2 5v and GROUND all have to be connected and ElectronicKit com 23 working for the chip to operate Refer to the schematic Appendix D for locating the chip s pinouts Next check that the external voltage is present on the port terminal block pin 1 and LED anode The RESET line on the MCP23017 should normally be HIGH as it uses negative true logic More troubleshooting means getting out an oscilloscope to examine the RESET SDA and SCL signals in more detail to physically examine their waveform Appendix A and B above may also be of help in locating system type problem but you must suspect a solder or component problem on any kit project ElectronicKit com 24 Appendix 1016 Schematics TOZ TE OT 3190 221 J3NNUHO 9T inaino ontnasy 9101 1533 10Z 9 H02 LIA29INO312313 40 1104 QNNOYD WNASLX3 8 1404 01 39911700 GN0039 X N WNYSLXS Y 1404 01 39917100 TUNH31X3 80N9 xen SIN3HHO2 OTrrS2 n 07 80 1393n0S N30130 Q34dlHS N3HM 135 Su SMOHS O1LYW3HOS 3 ON 193135 323105 221 712556 90599 buwa 0311915 1 339 50890 4117 N3HM 0392 NO 54011704 407704 221 30151534 3718UN3 25 Kit com Electronic 2 jO 20133 5 T 207 0T 3198 2TOEZE oMin
33. omcard po Output fromecard po Output fromcard po Output from card Data bit 4 Output from card Data bit 2 Output from card 00 Least significant bit Output from card Ground Port A 10 Ground Return Input to card 1 Output fromecard po Output fromecard 11 Output fromecard po Output fromecard 7 1 Output fromecard 1 Output fromecard DO Databit4 9 Least significant bit_ Output fromcard Auxiliary V DC Inputs for Port A and B Signal Function Comment Data Direction Input to Extn V to port B Extn V DC port Input to card Input to card Extn V to port A Extn V DC port Input to card The two 10 pin terminal blocks located along the right hand side of the PCB provide the user connections for discrete driver wiring of port A B and for the external power supply voltage and ground associated with each port The table Connections to the 1016 above shows the pinouts for an external source of DC to power port A and port B in addition to the individual driver outputs ElectronicKit com 11 There are also two sets of 10 pads pictured above the 1016 circuit board that run parallel to the terminal blocks The user can solder 0 025 square IDC type pins into for ribbon cable interfacing application These may be useful in applications where fast card replacement is req
34. r final kit assembly Use this manual s figure 2 above for setting the default shunt positions and the 1 page of Appendix E below for orientation of the socketed ICs Be careful with the socketed components to observe polarity and be aware that each component lead is going into the socket pin correctly It helps a lot if you can bend each row of leads slightly inward before installation The sockets are double contact and very hard to remove by hand so if you need to remove a socketed chip use a removal tool recommended or a thin bladed screwdriver to carefully pry up the part Pulling the part out by hand will 1 bend the leads and 2 cause the bent leads to jump into your fingers Testing and troubleshooting Ohm Meter Test Before plugging in the shield get a multimeter out and set it to a range to cover 2K 2 000 ohms Put the negative meter lead onto any of the mounting holes and the plus lead onto the end of the yellow filter capacitor C3 You should read about 1 3K to 1 4K 1 300 1 400 ohms Your reading range could be somewhat different due to semiconductor and contact differences but should be somewhere other than close to 0 short circuit and not double the reading above The author has measured 4 cards and they all fell between the 2 readings above If your reading is way different especially LOW check the card over for a shorted solder connection If the reading is HIGH check for missing solder connection s Doing t
35. s pretty consistent results The author also notes there are conversion kits available for re purposing toaster ovens for use as an SMD oven A near perfect application for an Arduino type K thermistor solid state relay SSR by the way Hot Plate There is PID controlled lab hot plate around here but the author has not used it for SMD soldering You can find videos and internet articles covering this technique Be aware that an inexpensive kitchen hot plate is not the type to use but rather a laboratory type with better temperature control and a single flat heated surface to spread the heat evenly This technique also requires solder paste in a syringe preheating the hot plate and placing the PCB on it You watch for the solder paste go from a dull gray to a bright silver and then carefully remove the PCB from the hot plate You have to remove the PCB as the hot plate will not cool down fast enough to prevent overheating the PCB The author notes that a really steady hand would be required to remove the PCB from the hot plate with pliers Placing the PCB on a sheet of 1 8 3mm aluminum and removing it from the hot plate might be way easier to do Hot Air Gun SMD Air Soldering Station Once again you use a syringe of solder paste and tweezers to place the SMD parts The added task is to heat the individual SMD parts by bringing the heated air source just close enough to melt the solder paste but not burn up the card and components or
36. su na al uu aqha ee t beste ue ea 17 LED EP C P 17 Wiring or Cabling a common problem eerie deter eue de eL dept done iee 17 Over Currents iid cocido eae a eee des gae ieee deae ee daga AEE donde duo Eden ge eoa et ene cadeau een ane v de eade dene ea Fe ea ea ee eap a eaa Pea vede denda ed 17 Overall Shield Operation iie iie eee Een EE eaae aaa aaa duce da onde 17 Signal Control Jurmp ers RH eo e Pe UR C HEROS RE a n RO e ere Peer 17 I2C Signal Termination aae ee ere ae a ne e ge de n ee ep ad a 18 lap E eee 18 Prostam Operation c tp ea ue ere m i dread dede ad mac ees 18 oL Tc HH V 18 APPENDIX B USER INSTALLED STATUS LED 19 Fig S LED Test Fixtures sig E RIDERE C Ie E dere deg 19 APPENDIX C KIT ASSEMBLY e eo Evange ee vp veo S ios anna 20 APPENDIX D EKT 1016 SCHEMA TICS 25 APPENDIX E ASSEMBLY DRAWINGS FULL AND SMD ONL Y
37. ted tip onto the land first then the component lead Doing the soldering this way helps prevent solder bridges but if that occurs use solder braid to soak up the extra solder There are also desoldering tools which can be useful to fix bridging It is always better to use less solder than you think is necessary with SMD parts Passive SMD components The capacitor and resistor SMD parts are easy compared to the ICs Be sure to note the polarity of the tantalum capacitor s and match the strip on the component with the silkscreened near the positive SMD land For these parts general apply a small amount of solder to one PCB land of each component Then using the tweezers hold the component in place heat the component end to land junction until the solder reflows onto the part After all of the passive parts are soldered on one end go back and solder the other end making a normal solder junction between the component end and the SMD land Through hole components For the remaining parts start with the shortest height components and work to the tallest sockets resistor pack 2mm jumpers terminal blocks stacking connectors That way as you add parts on the component side of the card you can flip the card over for soldering with the part held in position against the work table Be sure to double check any parts on the kit sheet that indicate a warning about polarity Watch that resistor pack and which way the terminal blocks are facing
38. uino expansion connector This jumper option handles any future issues of I2C compatibility by allowing the user to select the dedicated 2 pins and free up A4 and A5 on J1 for other uses When shipped the 12 source is the original A4 SDA and A5 SCL pins of the Arduino UNO That is both horizontal pins are plugged into the center and left pin of the jumper set on silkscreen fig 4 The designer should change both jumpers from center pin to right pin if it is desired to use the newer pins located on J2 R on silkscreen fig 4 This feature is probably not to useful on the EKT 1016 with the Arduino R3 or UNO as both sources of SDA and SCL are the same on those Arduino CPU cards This choice of I2C sources may be useful on future Arduino CPU card versions Fig 5 Pull up Resistor D and C Jumpers 12 Pull up Enable JP D and C If the user is stacking multiple shields onto the Arduino expansion connectors that make use of the I2C interface these two jumpers designated D data and C clock and located above the JP2 jumper should be disconnected on all but the topmost shield on the stack Multiple pull up resistors may work especially if it is only 2 cards but for the best signal only one pair of resistors should be enabled The user should carefully cut the small trace running between the 2 pads located near the D and C silkscreen letters located on the solder side back of the PCB ElectronicKit com
39. uired or to directly interface pin compatible 8 relay cards Figure 7 above shows the pads as black dots and are designated PA and PB on the cards silk screening The pinout assignments match the respective TB1 and TB3 port B and A From a program sketch standpoint the user turns a driver ON by setting the corresponding port bit weight to a 0 For example writing B11111100 to port A would turn ON DO and D1 the lower 2 drivers It is more logical to set the drivers from a coding point of view with a 1 That be done by generating a compliment of the 8 bit data just before outputting it to the port In other words using the C coding Wire write 255 data invert data to Port There is probably a better way to do this but the author is a novice when it comes to coding The object is to generate a one s compliment of the data byte In machine language the author would execute a CPL A compliment accumulator before outputting the data byte ElectronicKit com 12 Programming the 1016 Below are several C code fragments that detail how to enable the power driver outputs set control a specific card address and outputting data to port A B The author notes that there are several C variable naming conventions which have not been adhered to with the labels to make them easier to understand in the example code the code compiles fine in the Arduino IDE There are example sketches the ElectronicKit com w
40. ust wants to quickly get into using the card without reading the whole manual The author has found that repeating information reinforces the important points and insures the designer will have a better chance of reading a warning tip or application at least once while going through the manual The manual represents the authors attempt to cover the shield s detailed operation in the hope that it will save time and reduce the learning curve to apply the EKT 1016 Important information like warnings and limitations are highlighted by being in bold italic and underlined like this Mechanical Specifications Shield size 2 9 X 2 6 74mm x 66mm Connectors 2 10 pin Terminal Blocks for port output 2 Sets of 10 solder pads for 0 1 254mm pins for A B output 4 pin Aux Terminal Block for external driver voltage input Standard stacking connectors for Arduino interfacing Electrical Specifications Power requirements 5v 30 ma Arduino is power source External Voltage s 5v to 36v DC at 6 Amps MAX depends upon user application Card Installation Turn off power to the Arduino and any other attached equipment before performing the shield installation Never install or remove the EKT 1016 with the power applied to the Arduino or any of the attached equipment This could result in permanent damage to the card due to static discharge Normally the shield is plugged directly into the circuit side Arduino bus connectors
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