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1. Tasks of the SCM group Creation and management of the project s software baseline library Responsible Mirco Angeletti Management of the access to the software baseline library Responsible Michele Casci Updates of the software baselines Responsible Mirco Angeletti Creation of products from the software baseline library Responsible Michele Casci o o o o e 4 3 Component Tools and Products Used The following development platforms are used in the project Windows Xp Windows Server 2003 SQLserver VisualStudio PSPad V 4 5 4 VMware Call manager V 7 WireShark The following tools are used in the project StarUML Microsoft Visio e Buzan iMindMap http en wikipedia org wiki Software configuration management e Keynote 2009 OpenOffice 3 2 0 4 4 Activity Plan Id Milestone Responsibl Finished week Description e Plan Forecast Actual Week Week Project Description M amp F 282 282 28 2 Requirement Specification M amp F 73 73 73 Design Description M amp F 213 213 213 Implementation V Cisco M amp F 114 114 114 Verification M amp F 114 114 114 Validation M amp F 114 114 114 Implementation V Indesit M amp F 254 254 254 Verification M amp F 254 254 254 Validation M amp F 254 25 4 254 Implementation V 1 M amp F 165 16 5 16 5 Verification M amp F 165 16 5 16 5 Validation M amp F 165 165 16 5 Comment Finished week Plan original plan Actual week when it was
2. Then the admin can add devices over the map Actually since the de vices can move within the company UTM doesn t save the devices positions but it saves the interface where devices were plugged recently Only when the application is started it associates interfaces with the devices through the discovery protocol The application can remember positions since they are saved in the Switch port table Moreover each entry in Switch Port has associated one entry in Switch be cause it belongs in one switch only The switch table stores switches within the companies It is used by the application in order to use the Discovery protocol and find whatever is plugged in there Second the communication between UTM and the switch IOS is the most impor tant and is made by SNMP request and SNMP response Actually UTM sends SNMP request and the switch IOS sends SNMP response Third the communication with the call manger is used anytime you want retrieve IP Phone information like e IP Phone owner e IP Phone IP address e IP Phone numbers The communication can be made by SNMP e AXL SNMP and AXL are two different protocols but in UTM context are used to retrieve the same information SNMP is easier to use then AXL because it just uses a UDP packet and doesn t need to be encrypted so it is faster Moreover thanks to SNMP variable binding you can put more than one request within the same packet so when SNMP is used in general you ret
3. Specifies optional user name for login to remote computer Display message for the specified number of seconds before the shutdown If you omit this parameter the shutdown notification dialog displays and specify ing a value of 0 omits the dialog Shutdown the computer or computers specified Shutdown the computers listed in the file specified 5 5 3 PsShutDown Usage crazy people Fortunately something comes to help us it s C the same language used for the rest of the Server side Application With some C lines of code we can call an executable program such as PsShutDown and make it work giving to it the parameters it needs in a very com fortable way UTM project 97 98 06 06 10 mn Piictiune SA ShulDowm Applications lgingqpiogepage In particular we would like an application or better as we said a block inside the Server side Application very easy to manage that would make us pick up the computers we want and would make us choose all the parameters we prefer and we want it with a as much user friendly as possible graphic interface So here s what has been developed In somewhere in the Server side Application s main window there s a button named Shut Down Computers when pressed this button opens a new window like the one presented in Figure 34 Once a network domain is inserted in the apposite text box and the Enter button is pressed a new window like the following Fig 35 will
4. From there you could move on to more advanced uses for SNMP 11 1 2 How to retrieve devices name and numbers by SNMP request UTM project 95 98 06 06 10 In this section l m going to explain deeper how retrieve device name and numbers from the call manager SNMP Database First of all the tables that need from the SNMP Database are Are showed only the column used in the applciation e ccmPhoneTable Column ccmPhonelndex ccmPhonePhysicalAddress devices mac ccmPhonelpAddress ccmPhoneusername ccmPhoneExtnTable Column ccmPhonelndex ccmPhoneExtnIndex ccmPhoneExtn n o o The first table containing the list of all IP Phone devices which have tried to regis ter with the local CUCM at least once When the local CUOM is restarted this ta ble will be refreshed This table has index ccmPhonelndex The second table containing the list of all phone extensions associated with the registered and unregistered phones in the ccmPhoneTable This table has combination index ccmPhonelndex ccPhoneExtnlndex so the ccmPhoneTable and the ccmPhoneExtnTable entries can be related In order to retrieve information as explained in the SNMP section UTM has to send a SNMP request with the exact MIB For instance if you want get the second column ccmPhonePhysicalAddress from the first record on the ccmPhoneTable table you have to specificay the first part of the mib 1 3 6 1 4 1 9 9 156 1 2 1 Table ID more t
5. This executable program freely downloadable from Internet at http technet microsoft com en us sysinternals bb897541 aspx allows users to make the following operations on Windows computers suspension hibernation requires Windows 2000 or higher poweroff lock requires Windows 2000 or higher logoff reboot shutdown without poweroff Moreover it s possible to specify the collection of computers on which to perform the shutdown the operations timeout and much more Of course in order to take advantage of these services on remote computers there are some requirements to obse 1 the user who launches the application should know the IP address or the PC s name on which to make the desired operations 2 the computers should be connected through a network in some way 3 the user who wants to make these operations should have the permissions to do it Regarding the point 3 if the application s user does not have administrator per missions or in general not enough permissions he will not be able to do anything on remote PCs but only on the user s one UTM project 55 98 06 06 10 5 5 2 PsShutDown List of Commands Picture 32 PsShutDown exe commands The following is the list of PsShutDown v2 52 commands The reader can also find it by writing psshutdown exe from the Windows console Syntax psshutdown sl rl hI dl kl al Il o f c t nnlh m v nn e ulp xx yy m message u
6. e Services Button Both are phone s bottom this means that when the button is pushed after the phone contact the service url on the web service and show the result on the dis play Each button can contain at list one service url Of course you can set a services where are showed the services list The image 16 show how those services are seen in the IP Phone Pic ture 15 Ip Phone services Create a service is a easy step for who have a basic programming language knowledges In fact like said above the IP Phone s display is a XML browser therefore the programmer duty is encapsulate data wrote in any web language in XML file and leave the phone parse is For instance if want show the current data on Cisco IP Phone this is the code 956 9 Language JavaScript gt lt Response ContentType text xml UTM project 37 98 06 06 10 Response Write lt CiscoIPPhoneText gt r n Response Write Title Get Data lt Title gt r n response Date Now Response Write response Response Write Text 2Nr Response Write r lt Text gt r n Response Write lt CiscoIPPhoneText gt nn Response Flush Response End Session Abandon To see what happens when you execute this Web page make sure that you have a copy of this code in a directory on your Web server You should then be able to invoke the Web server using a browser and see the output from the Web page The
7. 6 108 6 1 108 Devices Over Map E 55 4 3 1 Description sanno R E A EE Rie rie 55 43 2 Funclionalteguirement arcana irene e Rin 58 4 3 3 Stimulus Response Sequences qas etc 60 Devices EE 61 Sd WEE vuitton LM 65 4 4 2 Functional requirement EE 66 4 4 3 Stimulus Response Sequences sulla ea 71 ele e 71 ASA Description and Priority nia a alli avaria 71 4 5 2 PsShutDown List of Commands i ad ess tier orietur e rete a seres 73 45 3 PsShutDown UsaBe ice aaa riti 75 4 5 4 Functional requirements e ack as tee etie vs tsal cv aeadaqnes tua ee dye ue eR seere 78 45 59 Stimulus Response Sequences tst dais tank m one eae ee 79 em 79 ADGA D scriploncc EEN 80 4 62 dTuncionalrequirement o deseen el o iaia a 85 4 6 3 Stimulus Response Sequences L5 5 eee seres 86 Devices Energy ele EE 88 71 P vei 88 4 7 2 IuncHonadbLTequire melt ce res tU pe oen diste edet atu 90 4 7 3 Stimulus Response Sequences cuite olearia paci ted 93 intfranerinlegralioni d spiel etta ed ok cai 93 ASM Eet Eeer ed a e E E dE 93 4 8 2 Functional requirement 55i ten d RE ir 98 4 8 3 Stimulus Response Sequences seis eei tee pde Maas pM ed tet 99 External Interface Requirements 101 Hardware Interfaces EE 101 Software InteHaces AIAR 101 COMMUNICATIONS Interfaces seucscen nes repete diritte 103 Di X EDP NEN HET 103 342 20 TER 103 5 9 9 IP P
8. Generic trap type Indicates one of a number of generic trap types Specific trap code Indicates one of a number of specific trap codes Time stamp Provides the amount of time that has elapsed between the last network re initialization and generation of the trap Variable bindings The data field of the trap that contains PDU Each variable binding associ ates a particular MIB object instance with its current value e o e o e o e o e o e o Picture 12 show an incoming trap captured by an network sniffer Picture 12 Trap device plugged in 5 2 IP Phone Services 5 2 1 Description In this paragraph I m going to explain the following topics N B The point from 1 to 3 and 5 can be skipped if the reader already have basics acknowledgement about the IP Phone but is vividly recommended An overview of the network architecture the Cisco Call manager uses The Cisco IP Phone The XML message format used by Cisco IP Phones Brief description of the IP Phone services features Resources for further study Can be found in XXX section GEO Cisco Call Manager Architecture Picture 13 Network component The pieces we are concerned with are e Phone This is an IP Phone The Cisco IP Phones used by Call manager at this writing include the 7960 7940 and 7910 models A typical system has hundreds or thousands of phones Call manager Call manager is a Linux server running Cisco s Call manager soft ware pac
9. Title gt lt Text gt Text message to display lt Text gt Prompt Prompt text lt Prompt gt lt CiscoIPPhoneText gt 2 Notify phones lt CiscoIPPhoneExecute gt This is the xml lt Executeltem Priority 0 URL Play lt path gt gt lt CiscoIPPhoneExecute gt 3 Call phones This is the xml lt CiscoIPPhoneExecute gt Executeltem Priority 0 URL Dial Number lt CiscoIPPhoneExecute gt When the IP Phone receive any oh those XML file first it is parsed then it is exe cuted In order to get further information about IP Phone services see the section IP Phone Services 6 3 4 SNMP communication Making an additional point I m going to talk about SNMP communication Image 57 shows the SNMP packet formats Each variable binding contains an identifier a type and a value The agent checks each identifier against its MIB to determine whether the object is managed and changeable The manager uses its MIB to display the readable name of the variable and sometimes interpret its value variable bindings Picture 56 SNMP packet SNMP message is not sent by itself It is wrapped in the User Datagram Protocol UDP which in turn is wrapped in the Internet Protocol IP These are commonly referred to as layers and are based on a four layer model developed by the De partment of Defender you may recall the DoD origins of the Internet UTM project 771 98 06 06 10 SNMP Resides Application Layer SNMP res
10. UTM Schedule means refresh the Database with new information UTM project 73 98 06 06 10 6 External Interface Requirements 6 1 Hardware Interfaces In this section I m going to describe he logical and physical characteristics of each interface between the software product and the hardware components of the sys tem UTM is interfaced with the following hardware Linux server Where the Cisco Communication Manager is running e lp phone 70xx Phones where are pushed message and installed services e Windows XP SP3 Is the test machine where UTM was installed and is running SQL server 2005 A database in use to store critical information 6 2 Software Interfaces In this section I m going to describe the connection between this product and other specific components including Database SQL 2005 switch s IOS Call manager IP Phone local intranet and XML configuration file As well as the services needed and the nature of communications First UTM has a strong connection with the Database It has a Database named EnergyWise and is used to share and save critical information Into the Database are saved Events to schedule Companies and floor maps Switch EnergyWise and its switch port Events are saved in a table this table is also used by the Intranet in order to allow users to set their own devices scheduling The admin can also update company floor plans These will be shown in Device Over Map
11. and point at the sky and say California is wait ing for you Don t give up Thanks to Francesco Lilli trusted project partner as life long friend The one who accompanied me through so many adventures Jesi Camerino Erasmus and Loccioni Friend of unforgettable nights in the middle of nowhere Vasteras G te borg Stockholm and even in Camerino I would also like to convey thanks to all Loccioni s employees for providing the laboratory facilities and trusted friendship To conclude can t miss all Victoria school staff especial to Derek and Dorothy which helped me to revision and correct my English UTM project 97 98 06 06 10 13 Appendix F References Books O BrCnPa Blum R C Network Programming Sybex 2003 Part III Application Layer Programming Examples Chapter 13 SNMP O SaGjHfAb Stellman A Greene J Head First c A Brain Frienfly Guide 2007 O DdNmSaDc Deel D Nelson M Smith A Developing Cisco IP Phone Services A Cisco AVVID Solution Cisco Press february 15 2002 chapter 2 Articles O LfEt Lilli F 2010 EnergyWise Technology amp UUDM amp M interfacing last visit 03 06 2010 Web O GgCi Gros G 2006 Cisco IP Phone Services http www codeproject com KB aspnet CiscoIPPhoneServices aspx last reference 10 04 2010 O CcSci Crown C 2008 Sending a CISCO IP Phone a simple command using C O http blog crowe co nz blog archive 2008 10 28 Sending a CISCO IP Phone a simple co
12. be opened How it s simple to imagine from this window it s possible to choose a number of options we can choose the type of operation to do the radio buttons collection at the top how much time to wait before the execution of the chosen operations se lectable from the combo box with the Countdown label the message to show on screen before the shutdown it can be omitted the network domain name initially this name coincides with the name given in input at the beginning and user cre dentials who must have particular permissions to execute such important opera tions Furthermore it s possible to proceed in two ways we can execute the shutdown of some of the elements inside the listbox which coincide with the computers cur rently connected in the network or we can execute it regarding a specific element In the first case it S necessary to select the concerned elements putting a check on them and to click on the Shutdown Selected Elements button In the second case we should manually fill the textbox IP or PC name with the IP Address or the name of the concerned computer and then to click on the Shutdown Specific Element button Once the command has been launched the affected computers will receive an alert message similar to the one in Figure 36 Picture 35 Example of PsShutDown message The message does not get visualized if the sender decides to execute the opera tion immediately Countdown 0 seconds in
13. information you have to send another request with the following XML file Query information includes an Envelope as follows lt xml version 1 0 encoding utf 8 gt lt soap Envelope xmlns soap http schemas xmlsoap org soap envelope xmlns soapenc http schemas xmlsoap org soap encoding xmlns tns http schemas cisco com ast soap xmlns types http schemas cisco com ast soap encodedTypes xmins xsi http www w3 org 2001 XMLSchema instance xmlns xsd http www w3 org 2001 XMLSchema gt Session ID This SOAP header will have session ID that is a unique session ID from client soap Header tns AstHeader id idI gt Sessionld xsi type xsd string gt SessionId lt SessionId gt lt tns AstHeader gt lt soap Header gt Selection Criteria Selection criteria type which is a Cisco Unified Communications Manager Selection criteria follows the SOAP header Selection criteria should not include unknown If you do specify unknown it is treated as any The Unknown state can be present in a response lt soap Body soap encodingStyle http schemas xmlsoap org soap encoding gt lt tns SelectCmDevice gt If the same information is queried over and over again send Stateinfo from the previous request for each repetitive query by client lt StateInfo xsi type xsd string gt lt CmSelectionCriteria href id1 gt tns SelectCmDevice tns CmSelectionCriteria id id1 xsi
14. initiated and or modulated by the exchange of Skinny messages between the phone and Call manager Likewise all the voice data that goes in or out of the phone is sent via e streams The phone has the ability to listen to multiple streams issue multiple streams and mix streams in the phone The phone supports G 711 and G 729 streams G 711 is the primary format for voice data on the Public Switched Telephone Network PSTN while G 729 is a low bandwidth format typi cally used over a corporate network during toll bypass How and why the IP phone are able to communicate with any other compatible device on the net Work When the engineers at Cisco were working on the concept of Cisco IP Phone ser vices they started with a blank slate The first question to solve was how the phones would commu nicate with other computers in order to deploy services The best fit seemed to be to let the phones act as browsers with the service suppliers acting as Web sites Web browsers and servers operate in a client server fashion and communicate by sending data using the HTTP protocol The protocol is fairly simple and is suc cessfully deployed on a variety of platforms Initially the phone was set up to have an HTTP client that it would use to access data on external Web servers Unfortunately the phone is only able to give up a 132 by 64 pixel window for ser vices which completely rules out using Web pages created for conventional
15. its aim was only to optimize and save energy but during the implementation we have included further features such as IP phone services Therefore the name changed to UTM that means Unified Telephony Management To sum up the requirements of the the software are obvious The project must be user friendly and provide the must efficient scheduler in order to manage the de vice power usage 2 6 Organization This project was initiated by the Loccioni group Loccioni is a young company which provides high quality technical and environ mental engineering UTM has been designed to contribute to the group innovation in relation to the en vironmental issues Consequently Loccioni s R amp D department has started look for systems to optimize Company s energy usage UTM is an example of this UTM s project Managers were Mirco Angeletti and Michele Casci They founded a team with two other members Michel Uncini and Francesco Lilli They are students from the university of Camerino Thanks to this experience they hop to get their bachelor They are also responsible to the project life cycle To sum up Project Managers Mirco Angeletti Michele Casci Project group Name Period Availability UTM project 13 98 06 06 10 Michel Uncini 15 02 2010 from 15 06 2010 100 00 Franciesco Lilli 15 02 2010 from 15 06 2010 100 00 27 Communication Communication has a great relevance in thi
16. over the address book Thanks to this features employes status are well know Moreover the employments privacy is respected To conclude the possible status are Available 9 e Shutdown Busy o e Meeting Vals e Don t A bother If the status doesn t change for x minute automatically change in Busy ShutDown ShutDown is a useful utilities used in order to sensitize employees and save en ergy cost This request is made by pushing a button on the phone The Request goes to UTM and it shutdown who made the request UTM project 39 98 06 06 10 When the device is off you can t turn it on due to this feature has not implemented yet on Cisco s EnergyWise protocol although Cisco will provide this features with the new IP phone mode On the other hand is possible turn on the devices by logging on the Intranet or on the application News retrieve There aren t limitations of this feature it can be tailored to any particular needs UTM allow the IP phone to receive the following news e PayCheck By clicking a phone s button users can see their payCheck over the display Thus save paper cost and increase the efficiently Moreover you don t have to go and take the payCheck by your hand It will come to you wherever you are e Company s news By pushing a button you are update about company s news For instance you will know if there is an incoming meeting or a beach soccer game World s news In order to get advised
17. phone then treats the text defined for the Title and Text tags and lays the in formation out on the phone display The other way to push services on a IP Phone is using UTM In other word UTM contact the IP Phones by sending HTTP request to them The IP Phones have to listen incoming request and use their own parser in order to understand the request and exe the right operations UTM provide two groups of services e Instant message e retrieve message The instant message is sent in a unexpected way to the phone by the application when the user or the administrator need it UTM has three kind of those services e Message sending Notify sending Call Sending Message sending This feature allows users or administrators sending message to employments Messages are sent by the admin from the application and by the user from the intranet anyway the intranet will contact the application automatic For instance UDM can advise an employments that its IP phone will be shutdown in 10 second due to scheduler actions or admin policy so if the employment is present can block the action in time Notify sending It s a simple acoustic sound comes from the phone Notifies are sent after messages In addition this features can be used in order to discover where a IP Phone is Call Sending Or Click to dial Admin or intranet users can over the application or the Intranet put any numbers and call it The call will be done by their default
18. re spond with a GET RESPONSE message indicating the change has been made or an error indication as to why the change cannot be made The TRAP message al lows the agent to spontaneously inform the manager of an important event As you can see most of the messages GET GET NEXT and SET are only is sued by the SNMP manager Because the TRAP message is the only message capable of being initiated by an agent it is the message used by DPS Remote Te lemetry Units RTUs to report alarms This notifies the SNMP manager as soon as an alarm condition occurs instead of waiting for the SNMP manager to ask Cisco 10S device Picture 6 SNMP interactions ri A Management Information Base MIB Presents a collection of information that is organized hierarchically e Is accessed by using a network management protocol such as SNMP e References managed objects and object identifiers Managed object A characteristic of a managed device Managed objects refer ence one or more object instances variables Two types of managed objects ex ist e Scalar objects Define a single object instance e Tabular objects Define multiple related object instances that are grouped together in MIB tables Object identifier or object D Identifies a managed object in the MIB hierarchy The MIB hierarchy is depicted as a tree with a nameless root The levels of the tree are assigned by different organizations and vendors atrorwara iz Pi
19. saved is acceptable The first experiment was made up of e A Instrument capable of measuring and recording current voltage and power then sending them to a Database e Cisco switch Catalyst 3560 48 interface POE IP Phone devices N 1 Cisco 7906 N 2 Cisco 7911 N 3 Cisco 7912 N 28 Cisco 7940 N 2 Cisco 7960 N 1 Cisco 7970 o o o o o o e The SHEET was to see for two weeks how much power the above devices re quired We did two tests in the first one the phones were on for 24H in the other one the phones had been scheduled by using the EnergyWise protocol and turned off for a total of eleven hours a day The scheduling switched off the phones at 20 00 and switch them on at 7 00 each day in order to take an important differential sample The result was good as it is possible to see in picture 1 by using Cisco s protocol EnergyWise it is possible to save up to 55 of power Picture 1 show the test activity the first test The one with no EnergyWise is in black in contrast the second test is in red The first one is almost flat because the IP Phones consume almost the same en ergy However when a call is performed or the speakerphone is on the IP Phones consume a little bit more With EnergyWise the chart has columns because during the scheduling time the phones are switched off so they don t consume at all The only consumption is by the switch where the IP Phones are plugged Cisco s next generation switch will be c
20. that case the user will not be pre emptively warned and he will not have any time for saving its own work or to make the necessary operations before the shut down This is strongly not recom mended specially if there are some delicate operations in progress such as the data backup If allowed to Countdown at least gt 1 seconds the user can abort the shutdown operation either by pressing the Cancel button if provided or by typing from Windows command line psshutdown a of course this is going to work just for computers with PsShutDown program installed 5 5 4 Functional requirement Picture 36 ShutDown use cases The only actor in figure 37 is the Admin He is the only that can interact with the system and perform operations UTM project 59 98 06 06 10 The next UTM release this feature will be carry out automatically by the system It will give back a large return cause Computers consume a lot of energy 5 5 5 Stimulus Response Sequences Picture 37 ShutDown stateChart Figure 38 show how ShutDown superior feature works The system starts when the user active ShutDown superior At first the system re quest to insert the domain where the computer is supposed to be Once the domain is inserted the system makes a computers list If computers aren t found an error is showed and the system go in the previous step otherwise the list is showed The next step the user can select computers in order to pe
21. the API 5003 Invalid Value Exception The API detected an invalid value in the XML re quest 5004 AXL Unavailable Exception This error indicates that the AXL service is too busy to handle the request at this time The request should be sent again at a later time 5005 Unexpected Node Exception The server encountered an unexpected element For example if the server expects the next node to be lt name gt but encounters lt protocol gt this error gets returned Malformed re quests that do not adhere to the latest AXL Schema will cause these errors 5007 Item Not Valid Error The specified item gets identified as invalid which means that it does not exist or that it was specified incor rectly at input 11 Appendix D FAQ 11 1 1 How to configure SNMP on a Cisco router or switch To configure SNMP suggest starting off with the optional step of identifying your device Here s an example Switch config snmp server contact Uncini Michel Switch config snmp server location General impianti gruppo loccioni Switch config snmp server Cisco EnergyWise Next we need to configure SNMP There are a great many ways to configure SNMP For this example we ll configure the bare minimum to allow you to manage a Cisco router or switch To do this we ll create a community string Think of a community string as a pass word for certain types of access to the device Let s configure this device
22. to be developed e Design In this phases we started to define each object and drew class diagram Moreover we defined class method and attributes e Implementation This is the part of the process where we actually program the code Verification In this phases we tested the code already done Moreover it allow us to ensure that defect was recognized and corrected Validation This phase was carry out by us and clients In order to check that UTM design sat isfies and fits the intended usage For instance if we built the right product Documentation In documentation phase we wrote text to explain how UTM operate and how use it Furthermore this document will be used by who will continue UTM and maintain it This document was write from the begin to the end In order to catch everything 4 6 Project risks Risk is defined in ISO 31000 as the effect of uncertainty on objectives whether positive or negative Risk management can therefore be considered the identifica tion assessment and prioritization of risks followed by coordinated and economi cal application of resources to minimize monitor and control the probability and or impact of unfortunate events or to maximize the realization of opportunities This project come from R amp D department consecutively the risk is very higher be cause its environment is very unstable and uncertain In addiction UTM is based on a new Cisco protocol EnergyWise A list of other ris
23. to have a community string good for both reading and writing to the device Here s an exam ple Switch config snmp server community EnergyWise RW Now UTM wherever it is on the network can both read i e view and write i e change device configurations and statistics With a more advanced NMS you can use SNMP to make configuration changes on your device but that isn t SNMP s most popular use We set our community string to EnergyWise for this example Of course set it us ing your own internal complex password Let s take it a step further and configure the router or switch to alert UTM when an interface goes down or up We ll configure the router or switch to send an SNMP trap to host 192 168 180 1 Where UTM is running with our community string so we know it s authentic We want SNMP to send these traps if the interfaces go down or go up or if someone reboots the router Here are the commands Switch config snmp server host 192 168 180 1 version 1 EnergyWise Switch config snmp server enable traps snmp There are some SNMP vulnerabilities in certain versions of the Cisco IOS 12 0 to 12 3 so be cautious Make sure you aren t using one of the vulnerable versions and take steps to configure SNMP as securely as possible While its easy to configure SNMP configurations can also get very complex highly recommend taking the first step of using SNMP to develop a baseline of your router s WAN interface utilization over time
24. type tns CmSelectionCriteria gt Maximum Devices Specification This example specifies how many maximum devices can be returned for search criteria MaxReturnedDevices xsi type xsd unsignedInt gt 10 lt MaxReturnedDevices gt Search Device Classes This example specifies the device class type to query for real time status Device classes include Any Phone Gateway H323 Cti VoiceMail MediaResources HuntList SIPTrunk and unknown Class xsi type tns DeviceClass gt Any lt Class gt This example specifies the Model of the device 255 specifies all models Model xsi type xsd unsignedInt gt 255 lt Model gt Device Status in Search Criteria Specify registered unregistered status devices The following example shows status Any Registered UnRegistered Rejected and Unknown Status xsi type tns CmDevRegStat gt Registered lt Status gt The following example specifies the server name where the search needs to be performed If no name is specified a search in all servers in a cluster results lt NodeName xsi type xsd string gt Specify Selection type whether it is IP Address Name SelectBy xsi type tns CmSelectBy Name SelectBy Array of Items for Which Search Criteria Are Specified The following example specifies an array that contains the Name for UTM the name is associated with the device s MAC of the items for which a real time status is required lt SelectIte
25. work earlier than the other an event to activate one phone earlier that the other is necessary Consequently in order to overcome this problem UTM application allows the users to set their scheduling User type The priority list is from the top to the bottom so department type has less priority then SwitchPort type For instance if there are equal events but with different scheduling types the one with more priority is executed We have equal events when their TimeStart and TimeStop fields are inter sected An event with scheduling type department will be applied to all devices associ ated with it On the other hand an event with scheduling type device or SwitchPort refers only to one device Moreover each device can belong only to one department On the contrary the scheduling type SwitchPort and device can refer only to one device ul type device is easy to understand while the type switch port is the switch in terface SwitchPort scheduling is used when the admin wants to leave shutdown or acti vate a switch port For example an Emergency IP Phone can be placed on each floor Therefore those phones must always remain active On the other hand an interface can be left on shutdown in order to fix a technical problem To sum up the scheduling can be set by e Administrator e Employees The administrator is the only one able to see the application running Moreover he has the power to set all the sched
26. Admin The Application is running alone and its actions are automatically performed Its actions are e Create Device Energy chart e Discover devices e Find IP Phone information Receive Trap Create Device Energy chart every minute queries the switches through SNMP to get how much energy its devices are consuming Discovery devices is a very useful tool since the goal is to query Through SNMP the switches in order to discover any other devices plugged in In Find IP phone information the application is able to given a device find who its owner is and numbers associated It Is possible by query via SNMP or AXL request the Call manager The last action is Receive Trap a very important feature since it listens if any trap is coming from a switch In fact it depends on Switch send trap A trap is a notification sent by the switch to a specified IP address when something occurs For instance when a device is plugged in or off a TRAP is sent while the applica tion first receive the trap second extracts the trap and finally analyses and exe cute the correct actions Thanks to this feature the application is able to log on in real time to what is hap ping in the environment in addition it can refresh device status both on the map and on the list For instance if a device is unplugged it will appear red on the map Shutdown or not plugged In order to send SNMP packet you must respect the following parameters Host Th
27. INTRODUZIONE 1 1 Dominio UTM project e un modulo di UUTM amp M UUTM amp M e una suit di servizi aziendali con lo scopo di Monitorare e controllare i dispositivi e lettrici usati da una compagnia La forza di UTM e nell avere un singolo punto di controllo dove e possibile eseguire IT opera zioni e monitorare costi energetici in modo da aumentare i risparmi UTM si concentra sopratutto su dispositivi CISCO che implementano il protocollo POE esempi sono IP Phones access point web cam e in un futuro anche luci e altri dispositivi IP UTM mette a disposizioni strumenti di controllo in grado di capire e controllare i bisogni di cor rente di dispositivi elettrici dispositivi in grado di essere riconosciuti sono tutti quelli che im plementano il nuovo protocollo della Cisco EnergyWise In piu UTM provvede anche una vasta gamma di features usate per estendere i servizi degli IP Phone services tra cui Click to dial Text message e Presences servizi di UTM sono utilizzabili in due modi diversi localmente da un amministratore o da re moto dai dipendenti aziendali attraverso l intranet UTM e in grado di collezionare in un unico punto di controllo tutti i dispositivi utilizzati in una network aziendali Quindi siamo in grado con poche operazione di applicare politiche di scheduling e di controllo globali In piu grazie allo scheduler quando un dispositivo non e utilizzato viene spento automatica mente Questo p
28. Map To add device over the selected map choose SwitchPort setting on top left First select the switch second the name of the interface where the device is plugged third click ton the button Choose Location and finally click over the map where the exact device position is Below the SwitchPort Setting column there is the feature Scheduling Figure 61 In order to set a scheduling policy per department the admin has to select De partment in Scheduling Criterion and the application will retrieve from the Data base all the categories and the events associated to them Picture 60 Scheduling per department In figure 61 there are 5 categories with their own scheduling The white field means no energy therefore all the switch ports associated to those departments will be shutdown in the corresponding time On the other hand the red colours mean full energy The two types of red are used only to better distinguish the lines The other features below Scheduling are Devices Over list then ShutDown PC and finally Utilities Utilities is made up of e Switches Application components UTM project 79 98 06 06 10 This section is very important since it provides a set of tools used to maintain UTM At first there is Switch Figure 62 which activates all switches used by the appli cation For each switch you can see critical information like the IP name port community and if enabled or no
29. P you have to set what action you want to do e Get Request Get request is used when you want retrieve information like Device s level how much energy the device consume etc Set Hequest l Set request is used when you want setting parameters like Device s level or inter face device s name e Get Next Hequest Get Next Request is used in order to discovery devices plugged in the switch It works like a get request but in addiction the response contains the information required and the OID of the following object required So you can send a new re quest with the new OID For instance Cisco s EnergyWise MIB has a tabular managed object called Ce wEntTable It contains all the informations about its devices So you can send Get next re quest in order to retrieve all the devices If the request Is a set You have to set the message value too and its type For instance if you want set the new level of a device you have to put the value 1 and the type Integer Is following a list of available types in byte Integer Byte 2 Byte string Byte 4 Null Byte 5 Object Identifier Byte 6 Sequence Byte 48 TimeTick Byte 67 Of course is possible erring in errors The errors are inside the responded packet received And must be always checked For instance if the switch receive a get with a unknown OID it send the response containing the following error NoSuchName with the code 0x3 Other error are UTM
30. PCs In addition the limited 4http en wikipedia org wiki H 323 http en wikipedia org wiki MGCP http en wikipedia org wiki Session_Initiation_Protocol http en wikipedia org wiki Skinny Call Control Protocol Phttp en wikipedia org wiki Real time Transport Protocol horsepower in the phones means that rendering HTML pages is fairly difficult As a result the designers chose to use HTTP to transport data back and forth to the phones but decided to use a proprietary set of XML tags for display and command The phone is also capable of displaying pure ASCII text independent of any XML In UTM context the IP Phone services can be showed in the IP Phone by two ways e retrieve from a web server Pushed by the application In the first one is the IP Phone that query the Web Server and get a service For example you can create a list of services in the web server like e Message of the Day Address Book Read Mail Get orders In order to show this services on the phone we have to do this step 1 Register the services on the Call manager 2 Register the services on the phone The phone can show the services in different ways for instance you can set e Idle mode The Idle mode is switch when the phone is unused for at least x seconds You can set this time in the call manager when the time is elapsed the phone contact the service url on the web service and show over the display the result Soft key
31. Username p password n s Ncomputer computerr 2 file Options V com puter file So far we presented what it s possible to do by using the PsShutDown Application but we haven t said anything about how all of this can be useful for our purposes What we want is not a tool manageable only by command line A command line tool even if very easy to use remains really uncomfortable for the most of the people specially if there are several computers to manage to write every time all the PCs where to operate would be just for Abort a shutdown only possible while countdown is in progress Allow the shutdown to be aborted by the interactive user Suspend the computer Shutdown reason code available on Windows XP and higher Specify u for unplanned and p for planned shutdown reason codes xx is the major reason code must be less than 256 yy is the minor reason code must be less than 65536 Forces running applications to close Hibernate the computer Poweroff the computer reboot if poweroff is not supported Lock the computer Message to display to logged on users Specifies timeout in seconds connecting to remote computers Logoff the console user Specifies optional password for user name If you omit this you will be prompted to enter a hidden password Reboot after shutdown Shutdown without poweroff Specifies countdown in seconds until shutdown default is 20 or the time of shutdown in 24 hour notation
32. about what are happening in the world But this services can be extended for instance you can provide the most varied services like e Things to Ponder e Phrases of the day e Day s duties In conclusion Cisco IP Phones expand the capabilities of the traditional phone While the expected phone functions are provided call connection transfer con ference hold and so on the addition of phone services enables you to use Cisco phones to solve complex business problems The IP phone services can provide companies to solve their own business needs or the needs of their customers More than just a communication device the Cisco IP Phone can be leveraged for standard business functions including generating revenue convenience increas ing productivity entertainment gaining a competitive advantage and more All it takes from you is a little imagination and some code 52 2 Functional Requirements Picture 16 IP Phone services use cases The uses case below summarize the IP Phone functional requirement Actors who interact with the system are e Admin e Employee Scheduler e Device e Device s Owner The Admin is who uses and manager UTM software he runs the application From the application he can Call devices Notify devices and Text devices All those required authentication first Pie consists of Device s IP Device s username and Device s Pass word In order to simplify the authentication Device s Password is th
33. actually available Forecast Week indicates the estimated finished week Forecast indicates changes in the estimation compared to the previous project report Actual is the actual week delivered indicates the difference between Plan and Forecast or Actual that is if Plan is 14 and Actual is 16 then Metr will be 2 To be filled in when the milestone is reported as completed M amp F is Michel Uncini and Francesco Lilli UTM project 23 98 06 06 10 4 5 Gant diagram 1 PrdectAnayss P 2 Requirment Analysis eee i 3 Design eer T 4 Implementation w W e e En rc 5 Verification 6 Validation _ 7 Documentation NEM Picture 4 Gantt diagram Picture 4 is a bar chart called Gantt diagram It shows a project schedule the start and finish dates of the terminal elements and summary elements of a project Terminal elements and summary elements comprise the work breakdown structure of the project UTM used Gantt charts to show current schedule status using per cent complete shadings and a vertical TODAY line UTM Gantt diagram is made up by 7 phases e Project analysis This phase gave to us an abstract idea about UTM scope and how it basic func tionality e Requirement Analysis Here most the time was spent in research The aim was to find as much informa tion as we could At the end of this phases we came out with several requirements ready
34. ance when they are turned on or off plugged or unplugged Those changes are notified by the switch where the devices are plugged by send ing Trap thought SNMP packet UTM in order to listen for incoming trap has a thread dedicated to it When trap arrive they are analysed Since there are different kinds of trap If UTM receives an unexpected trap it is discarded Otherwise the trap is analysed and thanks to its information UTM can find the device on the map that raised the trap and refresh it with the new status It can happen that the device is not found so the trap is discarded and the admin is notified This situation occurs when a new device is plugged but not yet put on map by Admin If the device is found UTM checks how much energy is being used in order to up date map with correct information For instance when the device doesn t consume energy it means it is unplugged or turned off so the device is red Otherwise if it consumes energy it is green In both cases the map Is refreshed Then the system returns to wait trap 5 4 Devices Over List 5 4 1 Description Picture 25 Device Over list Picture 26 show what Device over list feature looks like It is a very powerful feature which can solve company problems There are two windows The second is where devices are shown If they are dragged into the first windows you can call them The call is made by the default IP Phone set by the administrator and registered on the
35. apable of being switched off as well UTM project 11 98 06 06 10 MM Picture 1 Energy Comparison The second graph shows the consumption in Watt Hour Figure 1 Clearly the lowest column is the consumption from the second test with Energy Wise EnergyWise gave us savings of at least 1596 of energy For example let s say you have a small company and the sum in watts of all your POE devices is 330 and you leave them on 24 7 That s about 660 watts x 24 hours x 365 days yr 5 781 600 watt hours or 5782 kilowatt hours If you re paying 0 14 per kWh you re paying 809 48 a year to run your devices Let s do the same account but using the scheduler Let s say the scheduler switches off the device for 12 hours so 660 watts x 24 12 hours x 365 days yr 5 781 600 watt hours or 5782 kilowatt hours You are going to pay half To sum up these tests were a complete success It has motivated us even more to go ahead and start to design and implement 2 5 Project Scope The long term idea of the project is to develop a user friendly system in order to manage and monitor company s equipment Thanks to this the company will be able to optimize energy so this means saving cost and maximizing the efficiently Moreover this means responding to green regulatory requirements and meeting green corporate and social responsibility At the beginning this project was called just EnergyWise from the Cisco protocol and
36. at 7 pm instead a device belonging to the category Commercial will be powered off at 8 30 due to the fact that the commercial department finishes later than the other department and therefore needs power Finally it is possible to delete devices over the map since the employees can move from one desk to another Clearly the admin can add devices over the maps Figure 22 shows how First you set the switch where the device belongs second you choose in which port the device is thirdly you click to Choose location button and finally you click over the map where the real device position is Picture 21 Set Device s position The Device Over Map feature is in real time which means when there are any changes in status the map is automatically updated If a device is being updated it will became black and the label below will show Re freshing until UTM can establish the real device status see picture 22 There are different kinds of events e Device is turned ON OFF e Device is plugged unplugged While the first is obvious the second is raised when the device is plugged un plugged manually This service is made available by a UTM process running in background called Thread trap Its duty is to listen for incoming trap What a trap is and how it works is explained in the section SNMP Device Over Map can run in two different ways Application e Touch screen monitor An idea may be to run Device Over Ma
37. bel and ellipse in a refreshing state while the system is updating the device information refreshLevel set a new level for the device ModifyDeviceOverMap it modifies device s parameters and it creates a new ellipse and label createEllipse it creates a new ellipse CreateLabel it creates a new label The other generalization is DeviceOverList It made up a list called Device OverList see the feature DeviceOverList it has has two more methods setContextMenu it shows a context menu where the user can choose which operations to perform The user can choose between deviceOperation_click itemTuneLevel_Click refreshName it refreshes the device name by SNMP request to the switch or to the call manager if the device is a IP Phone 8 4 SNMP get request activity diagram Picture 73 SNMP Scheduler set energy level Figure 73 is a sequence diagram in Unified Modelling Language UML is a kind of interaction diagram that shows how processes operate with one another and in what order It is a construct of a Message Sequence Chart Sequence diagrams are sometimes called event diagrams event scenarios and timing diagrams It shows how processes operate with other process and in what order The one in figure 73 show the scheduler when it wants set the energy level to a device OBM 2005 FEA Consolidated Reference Model Document May 2005 p 91 UTM project 85 98 06 06 10 F
38. causes are e Device non existent e The switch where the device is plugged doesn t answer Therefore the admin should check if the field inserted is correct and the device is in the correct switch If any operation Turn on off is not performed the only cause could be switch The switch could fail for many reasons e UDP packet is lost e The switch is restarting e The switch is off The first exception is possible but very rare because the probability of losing any UPD packet is very low therefore you should retry later For the other exception you show check the switch status The device name and numbers are retrieved from the Call manager by passing devices mac The only information that is static and doesn t change Therefore if any exception is raised the only cause is the call manager Maybe it is refreshing or itis momentarily shutoff Consequently you should contact the administrator If the trap is not received the possible causes are e Switch is misconfigured Switch is down The application trap is down The switch configuration in order to send trap notification must have enabled the SNMP services Appendix Z FAQ explains how to configure it UTM project 47 98 06 06 10 5 3 3 Stimulus Response Sequences Trap received and map refreshed Picture 24 Refresh devices over map Picture 25 shows how UTM refreshes devices over the maps Devices must be refreshed when they change their status for inst
39. ce has been turned off by the Admin or the scheduler so the device will appear red on the list Conversely if the device is not found in the list it means it is plugged in to an inter face so it is created and appended on the list The thread will not stop till admin instructions 1 Refresh presences for each device Picture 30 Presences refreshing The state chart in figure 31 represents UTM states when it updates devices on the list Device status are saved in a Database and each 30 seconds you can set the time UTM checks if there are any changes 2 Query device over list The last chart in figure 32 shows how the system filters the list given an input by the admin As soon as a single input character is inserted it is analysed and the list is fil tered If the list is empty the application continues to wait user input If not a new list is created and the application continues to wait user input If the user input is incomprehensible an error message is shown The complete list is shown when the input are empty Picture 31 Query device over list UTM project 53 98 06 06 10 5 5 ShutDownSuperior Taken from Lilli F 2010 EnergyWise technology amp UUDM amp M interfacing 5 5 1 Description and Priority What Cisco EnergyWise can do is what we described so far At least for the mo ment it s possible to manage the power consumption of telephones IP based video surveillance cameras and not so m
40. ces are plugged The devices considered are Cisco Communication manager V7 or higher Call manager Used to save all the information regarding the IP Phones The application can retrieve information about a device s owner and phone num bers from its MAC more then one number is allowed for the same device To have a call manager iis not mandatory because UTM doesn t use only the IP Phone Not having a call manager means not having any IP phones as well so the IP phone services features don t make sense Cisco Communication manager V4 Call manager the use of this version is deprecated because it is no longer supported by Cisco however it is possible run the application and perform the same operations e SOAP DB Is attached to the CCM 7 and is used to store the Call manager information like the devices registered their number and owner and so on SQL DB Is attached to the CCM 4 and contains the same information as the SOAP DB It Is different because unlike the CCM 7 it runs on Windows so the first idea was use a Windows component like is SQL DB On the other hand COM 7 runs on linux and it has not any SQL DB SQLserver or EnergyWise Database from the picture The application uses a SQL Database because it has to save critical information like switches companies floor plans and all the scheduling information As well the phone s status in order to use the feature Ip Phone presences switches POE All the devices m
41. ch all the process is started again But How does the application know if a device is plugged We solved this problem thanks to SNMP and the Cisco s Mib In other words for each interface we send an SNMP request and retrieve how much energy is being consumed This features is also used to make energy charts Clearly if there is no energy consumption before excluding any devices we must check if interface is turned off by the scheduler or any user As explained in Device Over Map section devices in Device Over List are automatically refreshed UTM project 49 98 06 06 10 In fact it uses the same Thread trap Moreover thanks to the features Plug and play when any device is plugged in the switch a trap is raised and caught by UTM Then the device is put on list Device Over List is able to overcome Device Over map weaknesses like e Limitation in device numbers e manual devices entry All the devices are shown in a list so you have a complete system environment overview Moreover In order to find devices quickly the list can be filtered On the other hand in this beta version we found problems when the list is loaded for the first time since it has to retrieve a lot of information from both the call man ager and the switch When the information is saved in the memory access be comes faster Finally in Device Over List you can do the same Device over map operations like e Turn ON OFF
42. ch interfaces and queries it by sending SNMP request in order to discover if a device is plugged If so with a different SNMP request the energy consumption is retrieved That operation is performed until there are interfaces and switches Finally a new point is created where the y is all the data collected and counted the x is the current time so you know at what time the measuring was done With the new point the chart is refreshed UTM project 69 98 06 06 10 5 8 Intranet Integration 5 8 1 Description UTM is completely integrated with a company s intranet Employees from the Intranet are allowed to Login e Control their devices Schedule their devices Set devices level e Use IP Phone services First of all employees in order to view the UTM intranet services have to login by inserting internal number and password Figure 48 Picture 47 Intranet Login Employees through the Intranet can retrieve device information such as level or numbers Figure 49 shows Michel device The blue columns represent the device level Picture 48 Device s informations Device level can be set according to needs For instance if an employee has to leave the office why leave the device turned on It should be switched off Employees can set their own device scheduling This scheduling has more priority than the department scheduling See the section Scheduler where the device belongs since it better fits employee
43. configuration file In both windows there are three fields e Level Name e Numbers The Level shows the device status it is dependent on the IP Phone service Pres ences In fact if a phone owner changes status by using IP Phone service the list is re freshed automatically Possible status are Availabe Ca Shutdown Busy Meeting EA Don t disturb N Clearly the presences feature is available only if the device is an IP Phone oth erwise the only levels acceptable are Available and ShutDown The name is the real owner s name if the device is an IP phone or the name of the tool being used e g Switch WebCam Access Point To conclude the last field is Numbers which shows the numbers associated to the device In the second window a text field capable of filtering the list is available Device Over List is similar to Device over map but with more features e Discovery e Plug and Play e Device Operations Discovery Device over list is able to automatically discover any devices plugged in any switch by simply giving input of one switch Diagram 27 shows how the discovery feature works Picture 26 Neighbor discovering First of all when the discovery protocol is started application prepare a list of all switch interfaces Second each interface is examined and if any device is plugged it is added to the Device over list Third if any other switches are connected to the given swit
44. cture 7 Mib Tree As shown in Figure 7 top level MIB object IDs belong to different standards or ganizations while low level object IDs are allocated by associated organizations Vendors define private branches that include managed objects for products Non standard MIBs are typically in the experimental branch A managed object has these unique identities The object name For example iso identified organization dod internet private enterprise cisco temporary vari ables AppleTalk atInput or e The equivalent object descriptor For example 1 3 6 1 4 1 9 3 3 1 SNMP must account for and adjust to incompatibilities between managed devices Different computers use different data representation techniques which can com promise the ability of SNMP to exchange information between managed devices But why the application need SNMP Switch Off On Devices Energy monitoring Devices discovering retrieve device s information Realtime update Trap listening To work properly the switches should implement the right IOS see Hardware amp Software requirement in order to understand and to response the application re quests In order to make the devices information available the switch Managed Device has an Agent which knows how its Mib kind of database is structured and how to responds when a SNMP request arrives from UTM The Mib structure is defined by CISCO EnergyWise MIB It s a text file where the Managed objec
45. dard to draw diagrams since it is a standard ized general purpose modelling language in common use To view further information about UML and understand what the diagrams mean see the website http en wikipedia org wiki Unified Modeling Language 2 3 Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions This document is intended for a wide range of readers since its aim is to present and explain UTM goals and features http en wikipedia org wiki Power_over_Ethernet Unified Modelling Language The rest of the document gives overall information about how and why the product was born and how the configuration management was designed Moreover a big part is UML diagrams which describe all the main software fea tures A developer or project manager can start with this paper in order to get a general overview of the software architecture and flow of control This document is not for the client s use as it contains too much implementation and development information To sum up the user manual explains step by step how to install and use the soft ware 2 4 Test Step and workbench Before starting a project at Loccioni group we perform a wide range of tests in order to verify the actual validity of a project whether it could bring a return or not This section explains the test steps that led to the creation of UTM First of all we started to simulate Cisco s EnergyWise protocol with the aim of find ing if it really works and if the energy
46. e Make call Also with the draw and drop e Send Message Send notification 5 4 2 Functional requirement Picture 27 Device Over List s Uses case Picture 28 shows the main requirements The actors are Application e User The application is the system When the software is started the device list is made up and is kept updated The other actor is the user who uses the program and performs the operations The exceptions thrown by the system are similar to those thrown by the Device over map therefore in this section are omitted UTM project 51 98 06 06 10 5 4 3 Stimulus Response Sequences Picture 28 Device Over List Picture 29 shows how the device list is created UTM examines each interfaces for each switches For each interface first check its status For status mean whether is consuming energy or not second its energy level The energy level is set by the admin or the scheduler and can assume 1 no energy or 11 full energy Now if the status is 0 no energy in that interface and the level is gt 0 that inter face is discarded since nothing is plugged there Then the application retrieve the old mac for that interface Since when any de vices are plugged in any interface UTM send a SNMP set request and save the device s mac in a static SNMP field in the switch so it will remain there even the device is turned off by the admin or the scheduler The mac is saved because you are capable o
47. e Reporting Phone energy consumption and call usage and integration with the intranet And now our project e UTM o IP Phone Services Presence ClickToDial Text Message etc o Energy Wise Energy consumption and management UUDM amp M We are very proud about of this suite having a single unified platform where it is possible to monitor and manage a wide range of devices is a great challenge and means better reliability and cost saving To sum up the foregoing since UTM is an R amp D product it changes as appropriate therefore we don t have fixed ideas where it will run yet The main idea depends on the size of the company If the company is small or the devices to monitor are limited the application will run in a backHoff screen The backHoff is a touch screen monitor from where you can control and monitor devices by clicking Devices are shown on a floor plan of the company On the other hand if the company is bigger one or more backHoffs isn t a good op tion therefore UTM will run in a Windows pc or in a Windows server Devices are shown by rows in a list In both cases employees can connect to UTM through the Intranet 3 2 Product Features The main UTM features are device monitoring managing device scheduling extending the IP Phone services All these features must be available in a single platform and be user friendly The platform must be capable of monitoring devices power consumption and scheduling the
48. e device For instance if it is off or on If the device is an IP Phone it contains the presences too See the service Presence in the section P Phone services DeviceOver has two important method e phoneOperation click this method is called by the admin when he wants perform an IP Phone operation Examples of operation are call device send message or send notification itemTuneLevel Click this method is called by the admin or the scheduler when they want change device s level e For instance when you want turn decives off or on DeviceOver class is generalized by DeviceOverMap and DeviceOverList The De viceOverMap are the objects viewable in the floor maps section DeviceOverMap DeviceOverList are objects viewable over the list section DeviceOverList As well it needs further fields like e Label the label shows the device level it is red when the device is off green when it is on ellipse the ellipse contains information about the device For instance It shows device name mac and numbers if the device is a IP Phone imgMyArea it points to the image class where the device is The image usually is a floor plan DeviceOverMap has a several methods e setDepartment Click it shows a context menu where you can set the de vice department This information is used by the scheduler in order to apply poli cies e deviceDelate Click delete this device over the map refreshDevice put the device la
49. e same for each de vices and it is set in the Call Manager when a new device is added Otherwise you have to ask the password each time an operation is performed Username and IP are not encrypted therefore in order to get them the application have to query the Call manager by SNMP or AXL request You can retrieve those by passing device s mac or device s internal because are static information that doesn t change unlike IP and username An Employee is a normal company s worker he can the company s Intranet per form the same services explained below In any case the services are executed by UTM In order to communicate UTM and the Intranet exchange UDP or TCP packets For example if Michel has the number 8401 and he want send a message ID op eration 5 that say Hello to Francesco he has the numbers 8402 after Michel has filled the fields the Intranet send an UDP packet to UTM and it says 5 8401 8402 Hello Thanks to UTM s PHP thread For further information have a look to the section Intranet integration and Communication requirement the UDP packet is received interpreted and performed The scheduler before perform any operation it will inform the device So if device s owner if present may block the operation The device is the physic IP phone it is associated with a meeting room instead a user Beside the normal IP phone operation it show room s schedule by query a dedi cate database The device s display is refr
50. e switch IP Is unique in a network Community Is a switch password you need that in order to use switch s SNMP services S Port Together with the host define a Socket UTM project 31 98 06 06 10 The Scheduler together with User and Admin have the goal to get or set de vice information The scheduler is a timer which elapses each minute It has the aim to set device level in accord with policies set by the admin or Intranet user For example an employee has to leave the office unexpectedly He sends an SNMP request through UTM in order to turn off his device In other words he sets device level to 1 no energy This scenario can throw exception if the following occurs e Host is unreachable Community string is wrong e Port is closed Whatever happens the admin is advised to reinsert commands again by UTM Likewise it is possible that the network parameters are correct but the switch is shut off so the admin can verify that by sending a PING packet again through UTM Moreover he can check if any ports are opened by using the utility Verify port http en wikipedia org wiki Ping 5 1 3 Stimulus Response Sequences In this paragraph I m going to explain in detail how SNMP requests are sent over the network and how the product is able to catch the switch s response Furthermore it explains how Trap are received and analysed Picture 10 SNMP get set request response First of all in any SNM
51. e used to remember the switch on the other hand Community and Port are used to authenticate SNMP packets In addiction the admin can check the IP and the Port usability through the buttons Ping test and Port test Picture 67 Application setup Picture 68 shows the application status during the wizard Each states represent a different setting When the system moves from a state to another the information set for that state are saved into the Database Moreover the user can undo the changes by pushing the back button in the form 7 4 System tuning The system in addition to the standard control it has e PING control e PORT control The PING control is used to test if a particular host is reachable across an Internet Protocol IP network and to measure the round trip time for packets sent from the local host to a destination computer including the local host s own interfaces In my case The PING is used to test if switches inserted by the administrator are reachable Picture 69 shows two PING cases the first is a success conversely the second is a failure Picture 68 Ping s feedback The PORT control instead checks if a port is open and if a connection could be set Picture 69 Port s Feedback The picture 70 shows that the port 1234 is open 8 Appendix A Analysis Models 8 1 Beta SNMP class diagram Picture 70 SNMP class diagram Figure 71 shows SNMP Variable Binding and Mib class diagrams They belo
52. eeeeeeeeeeene 139 UTM project 9 98 06 06 10 2 Introduction 2 1 Purpose The UTM project is a module of UUTM amp M or Unified User Device Management amp Monitoring UUTM amp M is a suite made up of services with the aim of monitoring and managing consumption by devices used by a company UTM is single point of control with the aim of allowing IT operations and facilities to measure and fine tune power usage to realize significant cost savings UTM fo cuses on reducing power utilization in all devices connected to a Cisco network ranging from Power over Ethernet POE devices such as IP phones wireless access points and web cam to integration with IP enabled building and lighting controllers It uses an intelligent network based approach allowing IT and building facilities management to understand optimize and control power across an entire corpo rate infrastructure potentially affecting any powered device by using Cisco s new management protocol EnergyWise Moreover UTM provides a suite of services used in order to extend the IP Phone features Services like Click to dial Text message Presences In addition UTM service are capable of being reachable in two ways locality by an admin and remotely by company s employees Summing up the strength of UTM is to have a single point of control able to man age devices scattered across the network 2 2 Document Conventions This document uses the UML stan
53. efined by the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF Thank to SNMP we are capable of retrieving network devices information e g e model type name i bd energy consumption Where and how make SNMP are specified by Cisco EnergyWise protocol AXL or Administrative XML is an interface You can access to it by HTTP and XML request This interface is within the Cisco Call Manager AXL is implemented by UTM in order to retrieve IP Phone information like IP Phone owner Models Numbers credential 1 8 Thesis structure This thesis is made up by three part the first part is an introduction it explains what UTM is and what are its aims behind its creation Moreover it says how UTM was developed the Methodologies used and how it is changed over the time The main part is made up by UTM features Each feature is made up by three part brief description functional requirements and Stimu lus Response sequences The last part concerns about system and user requirements Mom amp Dad Where there s a will there s a way Table of Contents 1 i IFOQUEIH OT oh a nada id nisada idni va daidi aadaki sivada iddi saai 7 late PUPO cn 7 L2 DOCUMERECONVENIONS ee 7 8 1 3 Intended Audience and Reading Zuggestons 8 8 1 4 Test Step and workbench iere retina pen eee FU pln Eaedem ge 8 10 h5 Project Scopi een a E eter 10 TO 1 6 ONOSINZAIUOI s noe mre omoes e a 10 B eege te E 11 l2 vp Worked AOUS EE 12 2 13 2 Overall DescriptiOh
54. ent levels of energy where level 0 means shutdown and level 10 means full energy the levels between 10 and 0 optimize the energy as appropriate However this de vice can assume only two levels 0 or 1 full or no energy SORU Cisco has not started to produce that kind of device yet although it will do soon During the phase Project analysis we have also analysed project constraints Two types of constraint were raised time constrained and resource constrained The first one was the most important and we faced it all the time It is the ability to finish the project in time In our case it is very important because this project came from R amp D department and developing a new product from a new technology means being first in the market and attracting new customers before others The second one a project is resource constrained if the level of resource availabil ity cannot be exceeded The focus of scheduling in these situations is to prioritize and allocate resources in such a manner that there is minimal project delay UTM project 21 98 06 06 10 4 Configuration Management 4 1 Reference Documents SQLserver http technet microsoft com it it library bb418491 aspx e WireShark https www wireshark org docs wsug html chunked CallManager http www cisco com en US products sw voicesw psS56 prod installation guides list htm 4 2 Responsibility e The project manager has the overall responsibility for the SCHT
55. ergyLevel It is a constant value that can assume a value between 1 and 11 where 1 is shutdown and 10 is full energy It states at what level the device must be set The last field is Disabled used in order to deactivate the event An event should be disabled when performed otherwise it will be scheduled For instance if a device is turned off by the scheduler according to a plan but in reality is necessary for a user the devices will be turned on and will remain on since the event is disabled The field Disabled is dis activated at the end of each day Midnight in order to let the scheduler start working again UTM project 61 98 06 06 10 Picture 38 Scheduling type The scheduler is able to recognize the exact type of event and apply the corre sponding action Types of scheduling are Figure 39 e Department type e User type e Device type e SwitchPort type They are divided by Granularly and Priority Granularity is the extent to which a system is broken down into small parts the more it is fine grained the more it is extended to only one device The granularity scale is from bottom to top Accordingly department type has more granularity then SwitchPort type Granularity is a useful tool because it is fast to set However it does not fit employ ees requirements due to the fact they can belong to the same department but may have different needs In the event of two R amp D employees one starting
56. ergyWise Flash Demonstration 2010 http www cisco com cdc content elements flash netsys energywise demo ht ml last visit 25 05 2010 O JmHm Jay M How much electricity do computers use http michaelbluejay com electricity computers html 2010 last visit 25 05 2010 O CsCU Cisco Systems Cisco Unified Communications Manager XML Developers Guide 2008 http developer cisco com c document_library get_file folderId 192390 amp name DLFE 11526 pdf last visit 25 05 2010
57. eshed each x second UTM project 41 98 06 06 10 This operation is independent from UTM application due to it queries the web server and it receives answer from it The last actor is device s owner he use the IP Phone and its services 5 2 3 Stimulus Response Sequences Picture 17 Booking uses case Figure 18 show a simple state chart that summarize how the booking service works This services is showed in the IP Phone display every x second and stay still till any buttons are pushed or the services request to be refreshed More precisely In UTM after 10 second the IP Phones make the request in order to refresh the service It contacts UTM s web server with its mac and UTM response with phone s status Picture 18 Notify Call Message Uses case Picture 19 show how the IP Phone carry out the following operations Notify Call e Message All those operation are pushed into the IP Phone by UTM AXL request At first when the IP Phone are turned on It is waiting to an incoming request When the request arrive it is parsed and is established which type of request is fi nally it is showed over its display Picture 19 Presences News Shutdown services Figure 20 show the rest of the services e Presences e News Shutdown UTM project 43 98 06 06 10 This services are inside the IP Phone The user can make use of those by clicking on a specified IP Phone s button Anytime a serv
58. f over the rivers and through the woods based on the IP information the packet fi nally arrives at the SNMP agent Here it passes through the same four layers in exactly the opposite order as it did at the SNMP manager First it is pulled off the media by the Network Interface layer After confirming that the packet is intact and valid the Network Interface layer simply passes it to the IP layer The IP layer veri fies the Media Access and IP address and passes it on to the UDP layer where the target port is checked for connected applications If an application is listening at the target port the packet is passed to the Application layer If the listening appli cation is the SNMP agent the GET request is processed as we have discussed in previous articles The agent response then follows the identical path in reverse to reach the manager Picture 57 SNMP transport 7 Other Requirement 7 1 User Interfaces It include screen images error message display standards and so on 7 1 1 Main page Picture 58 UTM s main page Image 59 shows the main page of UTM from here it is possible to access all the UTM features On the top left you can see a list of all the companies within UTM environment if you click there the company s maps are showed By clicking on any map the map will appear in the middle of the main page where there is the label Loccioni Figure 60 shows what a company map looks like Picture 59 Device over
59. f finding it whether the device is on or off Now if device s status is O the interface are discarded On the other hand if the status is more then 0 you can by SNMP retrieve the current device s mac Then it is compared with the old mac and if they are different the old MAC is syn chronized with the new one The only case where the old mac is different from the new one is when a device is moved from an interface to another The last step is take device s name and device s number s At this point we have anything we need so let s combine it and append over the list Picture 29 Device added modified by Trap Picture 30 shows how Device Over list is capable of being realtime First of all UTM has a separate thread called Trap thread It is used to wait incoming trap When a trap arrives first it is analysed then if rec ognized UTM starts to look in the list in order to find the device that raised the trap If it is found this can mean two things e A device is unplugged e A device is turned on or off By admin or scheduler In both cases the application checks device s energy consumption and if it is equal to zero the device is unplugged or turned off In order to distinguish the two cases UTM checks the device level If the device level is more than zero the device has been plugged off so it will be removed from the list because it is no longer available in the network On the other hand if the energy level is 0 the devi
60. hady school text conversation and shay glances Giorgina My best friend ever Nothing more even the words with you lose mean ing would like to say thank to my friends from Rosora my town can t stop thinking how much love you So many days spent together Crazy nights and endless conversations My true friends since ever owe so many shots and Cannucciate am deeply indebted to my Erasmus friends for embarking with me on the Eras mus experience could not have wished for better friends miss you and am looking forward to live much closer to you In particular to my special neighbour Nick Thanks for all your motivation And let s say Dai Dai Dai community would like to thank my friends from my undergraduate years in Camerino cher ish our many holidays together and hope that we will be able to stay in touch de spite the large distances between us Not forgetting my Prof Dr Fausto Marcantoni who was abundantly helpful and of fered invaluable assistance support and guidance I would like to thank Luca Tesei for his help and patience with my thousand of questions Deepest gratitude are also due to the members of the company supervisors com mittee Eng Dr Mirco Angeletti and Eng Dr Michele Casci without whose knowl edge and assistance this study would not have been successful Mirco You give us so much motivation Even when things were not going in a right way You were there in front of me
61. he column id 2 and finally the record index can be any numbers usually is a natural sequence The idea for get the device name is 1 Get all the indexes 2 retrieve records from the indexes and the column ccmPhonePhysicalAd dress Similar the ipAddress and the user name Only the colum name change respec tively ccmPhonelpAddress and ccmPhoneusername Next for get the numbers the operation are different since to a record in ccmPhon eExtnTable can be associated more that one record in ccmPhoneTable So the trick is first get the ccmPhonelndex from ccmPhoneTable and after com pare it with the corresponding in ccmPhoneTable In order to increase the perforamce before execute any comparision the table will be requested by SNMP and retrieve fully in memory 12 Appendix E Acknowledgment From experience can tell you that these last pages of a Bachelor thesis are the most Important pages of the entire publication It is here where you think that you will find out whether you have meant something in the life of the Bachelor candi date This thesis would not have been possible without the support of many people wish to express my gratitude to my family who always been there to motivate and give courage owe what I m became owe my deepest gratitude and love to Giorgia Bini the one who hold me tight and tell me that everything will be ok You which understand me without speaking can t forget the days when we met our s
62. he packet is received For further detail see the section Communication interface Finally the SQL Database is a Database shared between the application and the Intranet in order to save device scheduling Device scheduling has the same format as the one explained in the section Scheduler The Intranet just appends events from device in the same Database used by UTM Picture 53 Intranet uses case 5 8 2 Functional requirement In the above uses case considerat just two actor User e Intranet The user is an employs that can log to the Intranet and perform operation The Intranet duty are to show itself to the user and communicate with UTM in order to perform what the user is asking For example if he want set its device level The intranet has to send to UTM the correct information 5 8 3 Stimulus Response Sequences Explain how the intranet communicate with the application Picture 54 Intranet flow of control Figure 55 shows the flow of control of a user logged on to the Intranet First state number and password secondly the system after check credentials will send a TCP request to the UTM in order to retrieve devices Now the user can see devices and choose an option e Log out Select a device Logging out means exiting Intranet on the other hand with a chosen device it is possible Perform an operation Schedule it If an operation is performed the system will prepare an UDP packet and send it to
63. her was a success Or not The feedback is showed to the admin by UTM UTM project 87 98 06 06 10 8 6 Energy Wise Database Picture 75 UML Database 9 Appendix B Issues List UTM as a R amp D project is still a beta version Since is under development and new requirements and conflicts are rising Recently a new conflict has raised since we found that UTM doesn t work with non Cisco switches since they use a different implementation of the SNMP proto col A new challenge will be to overcome that problem and extend UTM targets Moreover the application run only in Windows environment so Linux or Mac plat form are cut off In conclusion we in R amp D department strongly believe in UTM We will never stop to correct its faults and maintain it Moreover performance and velocity are continuously analysed and improved 10 Appendix C Call manager AXL API 10 1 Introduction The Administrative XML Layer AXL Application Programming Interface API pro vides a mechanism for inserting retrieving updating and removing data from the Database by using an eXtensible Markup Language XML Simple Object Access Protocol SOAP interface This allows a programmer to access Cisco Unified Call manager data by using XML and receive the data in XML form instead of using a binary library or DLL The AXL API methods known as requests use a combination of HTTP and SOAP SOAP is an XML remote procedure call RPC protocol Users
64. hone interfacing pla QI PORA ee esa LOU E 105 5 34 SNMP COFHIIDHICHHOIT sare uS ee e a 105 Other Requirement ioter nena saviano 108 EE 108 Gl bung elio ione old 108 112 6 2 System excebtliOtTu iut daro n eer 112 119 5 3 Application SOL e o o 113 WERE SMB AI EEA 117 7 118 7 Appendix A Analysis Models 118 118 7 1 Beta SNMP class diagram isses tonii etna pasan bna eoo eode pid 118 119 7 2 Beta SNMP Trap class dagram 119 120 7 3 DeviceOverclass diagram a Aber aces 120 122 7 4 SNMP get request activity diagram 122 124 7 5 Push services on the phone 124 126 7 6 Energy Wise Database eiii eon ie EO d endet 126 8 127 8 Appendix B Issues List eeussssss 127 9 128 9 Appendix C Call manager AXL API 128 128 17 GEIER 128 128 92 ee SOA SeFVIDE T sisi ona omia tam Pom doi pian eas 128 191 9 3 Response lt TEE 131 199 9d AXEEMOr EES ein 133 10 134 10 Appendix D FAQ ecrire iacu cec naa naui a accu ecun s 134 135 10 1 1 Howto configure SNMP on a Cisco router or switch 135 135 10 1 2 How to retrieve devices name and numbers by SNMP IG m 35 11 136 11 Appendix E Acknowledgment 136 12 139 12 Appendix F References ceee
65. iali 1 4 Struttura della tesi La tesi e costituita essenzialmente da tre parti la prima parte e quella introduttiva in cui viene spiegato il progetto e i motivi che ci hanno porta to alla sua realizzazione Viene inoltre riportato come il progetto e stato svolto metodologie usate e la sua evoluzione nel tempo La parte centrale e costituita dalle features del sistema ossia operazioni e strumenti messi a disposizione agli utenti i quali andranno ad utilizzare il prodotto Per ogni feature viene esposto una breve descrizione bisogni funzionali e la lista degli input in ingresso accettati la parte finale riguarda i requirement usati dall applicazione e quelli richiesti all utente in modo da poter utilizzare al meglio il software e trarne il massimo benefecio INTRODUCTION 1 5 Purpose The UTM project is a module of UUTM amp M or Unified User Device Management amp Monitoring UUTM amp M is a suite made up of services with the aim of monitoring and managing consumption by devices used by a company UTM is single point of control with the aim of allowing IT operations and facilities to measure and fine tune power usage to realize significant cost savings UTM focuses on reducing power utilization in all devices connected to a Cisco network ranging from Power over Ethernet POE devices such as IP phones and wireless access points to integration with IP enabled building and lighting controllers It uses an intel
66. ices is clicked the IP Phone contact the UTM s server web in order to retrieve the correct information 5 3 Devices Over Map 5 3 1 Description Literally the Device Over Map show the planimetry position of the company Picture 20 Loccioni s planimetry The figure 21 shows a Loccioni s floor map The devices are represented by a circle and below them there is a label with owner initials Circles are filled by different colours depending on device energy level For example if the device is off or is not plugged in the colour is red otherwise it is green With the new Cisco s IP Phone generation the device will be able to assume more then two energy levels By holding the mouse over the devices the full owner name is shown This is a useful trick if you don t remember the owner name or who is in that loca tion UTM services are provided for each device by clicking over them You can e Turn On Device e Turn Off Device Set Level Soon Set categories e Delete image The first two are used in order to Turn ON OFF devices The third at present doesn t work because it has not yet been implemented by Cisco s protocol It will allow the admin to set 10 different levels of energy Moreover it is possible to set device categories This information is used by the scheduler For each category there is a different scheduling for instance if a device belongs to the category Research amp Development it will be powered off
67. ides in what is called the Application layer UDP resides in the Transport layer and IP resides in the Internet layer somewhat obvious The fourth layer is the Network Interface layer where the assembled packet is actually interfaced to some kind of transport media i e twisted pair copper RG58 co axial or fibre While this multi layer model may seem a bit confusing it effectively isolates the tasks of communication and ultimately assists in designing and implementing a network Traversing the Layers To illustrate the function of this layered model let s look at a single SNMP GET re quest from the agent s perspective The SNMP manager wants to know what the Agent s System Name is and prepares a GET message for the appropriate OID It then passes the message to the UDP layer The UDP layer adds a data block that identifies the manager port to which the response packet should be sent and the port on which it expects the SNMP agent to be listening for messages The packet thus formed is then passed to the IP layer Here a data block containing the IP and Media Access addresses of the manager and the agent is added before the entire assembled packet gets passed to the Network Interface layer The Network Inter face layer verifies media access and availability and places the packet on the me dia for transport Agents Pull SNMP Traps from the Network Interface Layer After working its way across bridges and through routers the modern equivalent o
68. ing OID from string to byte or viceversa UTM project 83 98 06 06 10 8 2 Beta SNMP Trap class diagram Picture 71 SNMPTRAP Figure 72 shows the class SNMPTRAP it extends SNMP SNMPTRAP reimplement the method extractPacket since the packets received from switches are different 8 3 DeviceOver class diagram Picture 72 DeviceOver class diagram Figure 73 shows the DeviceOver class and its generalizations DeviceOverMap and DeviceOverList DeviceOver represent a device over an company network Therefore it has impor tant fields like e name if the device is a IP Phone this field contains the name of its owner otherwise it contains the name of the device type numinternal this field is filled only if the device is an IP phone It contains the IP Phone numbers e ipDevice deprecate with the new version this field will be deleted since the IP is not static Store that information doesn t make any sense Rather will be cal culate from the device mac dynamically while the application is running e indexInSwitch is the index where the device is plugged in the switch this field is used by SNMP in order to retrieve SNMP information e IndexInCallManager is the index where the device is plugged in the call manager this field is used by SNMP in order to retrieve SNMP information e ipSwitch contain the switch IP address where the device is plugged e MAC device s MAC e status represent the status of th
69. irst he create the OID class by passing switch s parameters Then it calls the Oi dOperation method setEnergyLevel by passing OID e Device index It is the index of the device in the call Manager The message value In our case the message value contain a number from 1 to 11 where 1 means no energy and 11 means full energy Then the oidOperation objects prepares the SNMP packet to be sent The packet is sent by a static method in the class Utilities called sendPacket The Utilities class return a response packet The packet then is extracted and a SNMP object is created Finally the system notify the admin with the result of the operation 8 5 Push services on the phone Picture 74 Send message by the Admin Picture 74 shows when the admin send a text message to a IP Phone At first the application create a new object Phone operation by passing e username e password e IP Device and message The first three parameters are used in order to be authenticated in the IP Phone and initialize the object IP Phone Function IP Phone function is a class library which contain methods capable of contacting the IP Phones and creating the XML file indispensable for use the IP Phone ser vices The function used to create the XML file is ipPhoneText It is called by Phone op eration object Then the file is sent to the phone by the method SendMSO SendMSG return a feedback It contains the result of the operation whet
70. is feature is to collect energy consumption from any devices in a company For all devices mean POE devices and soon Computers and monitors as well In fact thanks to the POE and SNMP protocol the application can query any switch interface and retrieve how much energy the devices plugged are consuming knowing how much energy a company is consuming is an important feature You are able to act on critical issues and control wastes Moreover this feature allow you to compare company s consumption over time There is a possibility to see if the scheduler is working well in fact you can create charts with and without scheduler policy Picture 44 is taken from UTM and compares two charts one by using the sched uler Red chart and the other without Black Chart pM Picture 43 Energy Comparision The only consumption in the red series comes from the switches since they can t be turned off Yet Furthermore the scheduler is able to get energy information in real time too The administrator can always be informed about how much energy devices are consum ing Thanks to the following formula he has an average estimate of how much the energy is costing Having a real time monitoring situation allows the administrator to be informed if there are power surges Then he may apply safety procedures See the section Test step and workbench in order to get more information Watts x Hours Used i X Cost per kilowatt hour Total C
71. iusssssii rara oops pute oaa qud on aa RUU e OVE RIAM 13 13 2 1 Product Perspective odit eda Reb aseo as tose tenes 13 EE e 15 16 2 3 User Classes and Characteristics sss 16 IPAE MEE RIO tiU 17 19 2 5 Assumptions Dependencies and Constraints sossosseoeoaeoeeeeeneenene 19 3 21 3 Configuration Management eene 21 21 3 1 Reference Documents 21 ZY 29 2 WHESDOMSIDANIY tent tede Pob e eu 21 21 3 3 Component Tools and Products Used uuuuuuuuuus 21 22 3 4 ACUVIDV TE ea eee ctt beer ieii t MCHC DCC RECEP eti E thesi oli 22 29 Sd GENE CIARA iride a EE E EE ai 23 24 m8 PTOIOCETISKS ertt A ARAN trt RA A RADAR 24 OCIA TIGUVERADI OS co ROERO 25 4 26 4 System Features ccceccccceeeessesseeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeseeceeeeeeeeeeseeseeeeenees 26 25 4 SNMP ilaele iaia ta ene Mr TR MO 26 26 AEI o Description ue e aei dedo qoe eeepc tendido Seege 34 4 1 2 Functional Requirements rice rere rn 37 41 3 Stmul s Resporse Sequelces cinici 42 ws AP Phone Serbe RI LA a 42 qi pl UDeSOPIDIQE rin naa eege rod aio clelia 50 4 2 2 Functional Requirements oil Be ira 52 4 2 3 Sumulus Response Sequences i UTM project 7 98 06 06 10 55 4 3 55 58 60 61 4 4 61 65 66 71 4 5 71 73 75 78 79 79 4 6 80 85 86 88 4 7 88 90 91 93 4 8 93 98 99 101 5 101 5 1 101 5 2 103 5 3 103 103 105 105 108
72. k are Risk Potential Effect Preventive Corrective Action Bad communication within the Project runs inefficiently Talk and minimize the steering group problem A project member is sick Some tasks are not done intime Delay the deliver time A project member leaves the Project scope must be decreased Provide the best project some tasks need to be re possible environment distributed to members Problems with tools and Some tasks are not done in time Don t be shy and ask for technology help Cisco s EnergyWise protocol Project fail Find a new protocol fail Scheduler Fail Some devices are shutdown Deactivate the scheduler and turn on all the device by one click Risk table UTM project 25 98 06 06 10 4 7 Deliverables Before UTM is born it was made up by three deliverers Them was basically since we realize what we did wrong And we understand all the project errors The first delivers was did for the project managers the second for Cisco s employ ees and the last for a company which is called Indesit To Output Planned Promised Late Rem week week Project Manager Requirements Specification 28 2 28 2 1 1 Cisco s employees Software V 0 1 Verification amp 4 4 4 4 0 verification Indesit Software V 1 Verification amp 9 5 9 5 0 3 verification Comment Required week week when it is required by the project Promised week indicates when the Fro
73. kages Although only one Call manager is shown in the figure a standard cor porate installation has at least two and as many as five Call managers in a cluster Web server This designation is for a Web server on the same corporate network as the IP phones and manager It is linked with the software Web server This Web server is outside the corporate network and supplies con tent developed by a third party Desktop PC This is a normal desktop PC where UTM application is running The Call manager is a software based call processing develop by Cisco System CUCM is able to track all active VoIP network components these include phones gateways conference bridges transcoding resources and voicemail boxes among others Call manager often utilizes the Skinny Client Control Protocol SCCP as a com munications protocol for signalling the hardware endpoints of the system such as IP Phones bm A en wikipedia org wiki Voice over Internet Protocol UTM project 35 98 06 06 10 H 323 Media Gateway Control Protocol MGCP or Session Initiation Protocol SIP 6 is used to pass call signalling to gateways The call manager used by the software is Version 7 or superior The Cisco IP Phone is shows in figure 15 Picture 14 IP Phone The phone communicates with Call manager using the Skinny protocol All the operations needed to place phone calls retrieve voice mail put calls on hold and so forth are
74. ket is less complicated and so easier to im plement It is used when operation are not of great importance Besides UDP packet informs only if a packet is sent or not You don t have to worry about any connection or error issues In detail the UDP packet is generated from the intranet and sent to the application in order to Set device level Use IP Phone services The application will not send back any packet even if an error occurs To set a device level the intranet prepare the following packet 2 SEPxxxxx 11 Id operation device s mac level then sends it to the application which decodes the packet and performs the operation IP phone services that a user can use are e Call number e Send message Send notification The packets are created in the same way as Set a device level For instance the calling number packet is 4 SenderNumber RiciverNumber On the other hand the TCP packet is also generated from the intranet and sent to the application but the results are important before a connection is established Thanks to the connection the user knows if any errors have occured It is used for e retrieval of device information like UTM project 71 98 06 06 10 o device list o device level The following diagrams Figure 52 and 53 explain how it works Picture 51 TCP retrieve devices list Picture 52 TCP retrieve devices lev el The ACK is the abbreviation of acknowledgments which means that t
75. lans so they will be visible the next time the application is started On the other hand there are the Intranet users in fact all the employees or who ever can reach the intranet can connect to UTM in order to retrieve critical informa tion about their IP Phones and modify their device s default scheduling Set up by the administrator in according with their needs For example assume that a technician has to work abroad for two weeks He doesn t need his office phone consequently before he leaves he will log into the Intranet and modify its IP Phone scheduling in order to leave it turned off while he is out 3 4 Operating Environment The application can run in a small or a big company Clearly in a big company where there are a lot of devices it could be difficult use the feature Device over map because a big company has a lot of devices and putting them on each company s floor plan it s too much hard work For this reason there is also the feature Device over list where all the devices are put in a sorted and categorized list Thanks to the search box you can filter devices by owner or department Picture 3 Application environment Unified Telephony Management Ver 1 0 0 lt gt NY pamm ep 9 Illustration 3 summarize the application s environment in other words a company network UTM project 19 98 06 06 10 The cylinder in the centre represents a typical company s Ethernet where data passes and devi
76. ligent network based approach allowing IT and building facilities management to understand optimize and control power across an entire corporate infrastructure potentially af fecting any powered device by using Cisco s new management protocol EnergyWise Moreover UTM provides a suite of services used in order to extend the IP Phone features Services like Click to dial Text message e Presences In addition UTM is interfaced with the company s Intranet in order to extend its services to all the employees UTM is able of collecting and showing network devices in one point of control With few operations you can set global policy and apply global controls Moreover the scheduler knows if devices are not consuming energy if so it is automatically turned off This will give back an interesting return 1 6 Methodologies The all project was developed by following the software engineering guidelines Each process phases was respected and well documented Thanks to this UTM was easy created but has been became powerful Moreover who will come after us will find many documents which will help him to maintain the project and extends its functionality easily UML or Unified Modelling Language has been chosen since It is well documented and widely used 1 7 Technology UTM strengths come from two important protocols SNMP and AXL SNMP or Simple Network Management Protocol is a component of the Internet Protocol Suite as d
77. lysis before the SNMP idea came up we considered different alternatives like Telnet SSH Hyper terminal All of them are good alternatives but none of them can be implemented by a high programming language since they can be used only by CLI SNMP is not only used between switches and application In fact you can use it with the Call manager too You can query the Call Manager in order to retrieve IP Phones information like e P Phone owner e IP Phone numbers So whenever the application has to associate IP Phones with their owners or its numbers it has to use SNMP the same request can be done by AXL too For further information see the section Appendix B ANALYSIS MODE In conclusion SNMP is the most important application feature Thanks to it we are capable of retrieving any kind of information Specified in the MIB e g device name energy consumption and so on The next step will be to improve this feature and become as fast as possible http en wikipedia org wiki Secure_Shell http en wikipedia org wiki Command line_interface 5 1 2 Functional Requirements Picture 9 SNMP usage uses case Figure 9 has the purpose to present a graphical overview of the functionality pro vided by SNMP in terms of actors goals represented as use cases and any de pendencies between those use cases In this uses case there are three actors and one actor s generalization e Application Scheduler User o
78. m expects to deliver Late indicates a discrepancy between Required week and Promised week Received week is week when it was actually received Rem is a remark index number For example 28 2 means the 28 week of February 5 System Features This section illustrates the major services provided by the product Each features is divide by three part Description and priority Functional requirement and Stimu lus Response Sequences The first part provide a short overview and basic concept of the features The sec ond part often is explained by a uses case since it show the system s behaver as it responds to a request that originates from outside of that system In other words a use case describes who can do what with the system in question The last part show the sequences of user actions and system responses that stimulate the behaver defined for this feature 5 1 SNMP 5 1 1 Description SNMP is a network protocol it is a component of the Internet Protocol suite as de fined by the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF An SNMP managed network consists of three key components managed devices agents and network management systems NMS Managed devices o Contain an SNMP agent and reside on a managed network o Collect and store management information and make it available to NMS by using SNMP o Include routers access servers switches bridges hubs hosts or printers o ji UTM the managed device are Switch EnergyWi
79. m when they are not used Moreover it must have the ability to retrieve device information for instance if the device is an IP Phone its owner and its numbers are shown As well with its energy consumption and other critical parameters In addition employees connected to the application through the intranet are ca pable of setting their own devices schedule as well as retrieving device informa tion Furthermore the IP Phone services are extended allowing Admin and Intranet us ers to send messages call numbers notify phones From their IP Phones employ ees are able to retrieve information like pay details view news and so on IP Phone services extension allows employees to communicate more easily and to share information and news faster The figure 2 summarizes UTM features and its actors Admin and Intranet user UTM project 17 98 06 06 10 Picture 2 UTM uses case 3 3 User Classes and Characteristics To work properly this product must be started by a network administrator because during the wizard step you have to insert several network parameters For instance you have to know in which switch the IP Phones are plugged their IP address and all the network credentials See the User Documentation for further details The administrator is the one that sets in which department the devices belong and what scheduling the department has Moreover the administrator sets the device s position in UTM s floor p
80. ma instance xsi schemaLocation http www cisco com AXL 1 0 http myhost CMApi AXL V 1 axlsoap xsd gt lt axl error sequence 1234 gt code 0 code message lt CDATA Device not found with name SEP003094C39708 gt message lt request gt doDeviceLogin lt request gt lt axl error gt lt detail gt SOAP ENV Fault SOAP ENV Body SOAP ENV Envelope The detail element of a SOAP Fault includes error codes The axl Error element represents the errors If a response to a request contains an error element the user agent can deter mine the cause of the error by looking at the sub elements of the error tag The following list describes the error elements ws The user agent uses the lt code gt element a numerical value to find what type of error occurred The error codes follow Error Code Description UTM project 93 98 06 06 10 Less than 5000 These errors directly correspond to DBL Exception error codes Refer to the documentation for the DBLException class for ex planations of these errors 5000 Unknown Error An unknown error occurred while the request was processed This can occur due to a problem on the server but can also be due to errors in the request 5001 Parser Error An error occurred while the XML request was being parsed 5002 Unknown Request Error The user agent submitted a request that is unknown to
81. min to undo changes if something went wrong 7 2 System exception UTM in order to prevent system crashes it has different kinds of exceptions This features is still in beta and a next step could be to improve this section First of all UTM make sure that any SNMP packets are sent and received If some packets are missing an error message is raised For instance if the timer monitor wants to retrieve information about how much en ergy the devices are consuming it has to send SNMP requests to the right switch If the switch is not reachable the message in figure 64 is showed Picture 63 SNMP exception Then the Admin can decide to disable the switch or the chart timer However you can reactive the timer in the Application component section 7 3 Application Setup H IW Picture 64 EnergyWise Wizard The application is auto installing In fact is enough run the application wizard and do a series of easy steps in order to configure UTM Figure 66 show the step Switch setting In there the administrator can insert switches that will be used in UTM Picture 65 Switch setting If the user clicks in Add new Switch the form in picture 67 will be showed UTM project 81 98 06 06 10 Picture 66 Add switch The only mandatory field is marked by an asterisk In Add switch fields the only mandatory field is IP address The other fields are e Name Community Port Name is a mnemonic nam
82. mmand using C aspx last visit 30 05 2010 O GsEt Cisco Systems 2008 EnergyWise Technical Overview http www cisco com en US prod collateral switches ps5718 ps10195 prod_presentation _c97 512619 pdf last visit 26 05 2010 O CsTr Cisco Systems 2008 The role of EnergyWise in SmartGrid VoD http www cisco com survey exit html http tools cisco com cmn jsp index jsp id 82106 last visit 26 05 2010 O SyOo Cisco Systems 2009 Overview of SIP Support within Cisco Unified Communications http www cisco com en US products sw voicesw ps2156 index html last visit 26 05 2010 O CsEa Cisco Systems 2010 EnergyWise At A Glance http www cisco com en US prod collateral switches ps5718 ps10195 at a glance c45 514506 pdf last visit 26 05 2010 o CsAx Cisco Systems 2008 Administration XML AXL http developer cisco com web axl home last visit 26 05 2010 O CsCu Cisco Systems 2008 Cisco Unified Communications Manager Interface Introduction http developer cisco com c document_library get_file folderId 38836 amp name DLFE 11905 ppt last visit 26 05 2010 O CsAx Cisco Systems 2008 Admin XML SOAP Sample Requests http developer cisco com c document library get file folderId238836 amp name DLFE 4815 zip last visit 26 05 2010 O CsAx Cisco Systems 2008 Admin XML Browser Sample Requests http developer cisco com c document_library get_file folderId 38836 amp name DLFE 4816 zip 2008 last visit 26 05 2010 O CsEw Cisco Systems En
83. ms soapenc arrayType ns1 SelectItem TO xsi type soapenc Array xmlns soapenc http schemas xmlsoap org soap encoding gt item xsi type ns1 SelectItem gt lt Item xsi type xsd string gt NAME MAC lt Item gt lt item gt further items To sum up now after the request you will get an response The system then has to parse it 10 3 Response Format The Response follows the following schema and contains information for one to many servers for each server and contains a sequence of search information that is found on the search criteria lt complexType name SelectCmDeviceResult gt lt sequence gt element name TotalDevicesFound type xsd unsignedInt gt element name CmNodes type tns CmNodes gt lt sequence gt lt complexType gt CMNodes provides a list of Unified CMNodes that are given in search criteria lt complexType name CmNodes gt lt complexContent gt restriction base SOAP ENC Array gt lt sequence gt UTM project 91 98 06 06 10 lt element name CmNode type tns CmNode minOccurs 0 maxOccurs unbounded gt lt sequence gt lt restriction gt lt complexContent gt lt complexType gt Each Unified CMNode contains a sequence of devices and their registration status lt complexType name CmNode gt lt sequence gt element name ReturnCode type tns RisReturnCode gt element name Name type xsd string element name NoChange
84. nager information IP username and password SNMP info Internal information o o o e UTM project 75 98 06 06 10 o IP o Ports services In internal information the IP is the address of the machine where UTM is running that information are used by the Intranet to send UDP and TCP packets and by the switch to send TRAP 6 3 Communications Interfaces In this section I m going to describe how is the format of the message exchanged between software system 6 3 1 UDP First of all there are UDP messages sent between the Intranet and UTM in order to 1 Call number The format is 5 sender reciver where 5 is a unique identifier while sender is the IP phone number of who send the message and receiver is the number of who is called 2 Send message The format is similar to call number except the id is 6 and in more there is the text to send 6 sender reciver text 3 Send notify Is equal to Call number although the id is 7 7 sender reciver 6 3 2 TCP Secondly there are TCP packets used for Get devices list 2 Get devices level Figure 56 show the flow of control in order to retrieve the device list left picture and device s level right picture The message format is well explain in the picture Picture 55 TCP connection 6 3 3 IP Phone interfacing Third the XML encapsulated in a HTTP request in order to 1 Push text into phones This is the xml lt CiscoIPPhoneText gt lt Title gt Title Here lt
85. ng to the project BetaSNMP it is used by UTM in order to perform SNMP operation SNMP object is created when a SNMP packet is sent or received It contains all the mandatory fields explained in the section SNMP SNMP class has two important method createPacketVariableBinding When all the fields are filled the system in voke this method The method converts the fields in byte and make a packet The packet then is sent over the network to the right switch extractPacketVariableBinding is a static method and it is invoke when the system receive a SNMP request from the network Since the SNMP request are in byte you have to use this method It will return an SNMP object ready to use SNMP has a list of Variable Binding objects this list can be at least 1 and maxi mum 10 this limit come from the SNMP specification e VariableBinding object is a very important object since it contains e valueMsg this value modify an managed object of a MIB database e lypeMsg is the type of the message value e mibObject is the managed object of a MIB database VariableBinding has also two important methods e returnBytelnString converts the message from string to byte e returnRealValue converts the message from byte to the real value The real value is specified in the field typeMessage The last class is Mib it contains information about the Mib hierarchy As well the real OID and the name it contains method capable of convert
86. oing to use In order to retrieve devices information need two step 1 Get devices 2 Retrieve devices realtime information The first point is used in order to filter the devices otherwise you will get all the de vices in the call manager It is made by SQL request since Cisco uses a SOAP Database to store informa tions The SQL request is encapsulate in a XML file and sent by SOAP request The XML file needs the following steps UTM project 89 98 06 06 10 ExecuteCCMSQL Statement lt ns1 ExecuteCCMSQLStatement soapenv encodin Style http schemas xmlsoap org soap encoding xmlns ns1 http schemas cisco com ast soap gt Prepare the system to exec a SQL request SQL request ExecuteSQLInputData xsi type xsd string gt select name description from Device where tkclass 1 order by name lt ExecuteSQLInputData gt The effective SQL request Column definition GetColumns soapenc arrayType ns1 ColumnType 2 xsi type soapenc Array xmlns soapenc http schemas xmlsoap org soap encoding gt item xsi type ns1 ColumnType gt lt Name xsi type xsd string gt name lt Name gt lt item gt item xsi type ns1 ColumnType gt lt Name xsi type xsd string gt description lt Name gt lt item gt lt GetColumns gt Are informations that the Call manager will give Then when the first request Is made you receive an response with the requested devices Therefore in order to retrieve them real time
87. onitored and managed are plugged into switches They are plugged in cascade and thanks to the Cisco CDP from any switch you can know its neighbours The switches have to be POE and its IOS has to include the EnergyWise module in order to accept and execute the SNMP request sent by UTM IP phone series 70XX or higher WebCam POE AP POE and Windows computers They make up UTM s devices In other words they are monitored and scheduled Windows XP Vista 7 Is where the UTM application runs and is controlled by an Administrator 3 5 Assumptions Dependencies and Constraints An Assumption is something that we cannot establish as being true at this point in time but is likely to be true In a project we make assumptions like in real life because it is necessary to go ahead in spite of lack of information otherwise If we wait until it is available we would probably never start Most of UTM is based on Cisco s EnergyWise protocol so we assumed that will be available and fully supported for a long time http en wikipedia org wiki Cisco Discovery Protocol Actually this is a higher risk because EnergyWise protocol is very young and is not implemented at all by some devices For instance lets take an IP Phone from Cisco series It implements some of Ener gyWise but not all In fact it misses several levels from the protocol feature EnergyWise Level In accordance with the protocol devices should be able to be set on 10 differ
88. oo for the moment it can only dis activate The scheduler must be set in the most efficient manner since it has to meet em ployees requirements while fit the time where the devices are used This is a difficult challenge for the reason that employees needs are different and a lot of exceptions could be raised However it is possible to empower employes in order to sensitize them to set their own scheduling that best fit their requirements Moreover the best scheduler not only saves money but limiting consumption means responding to green regulatory requirements and fulfilling social responsi bility 5 6 2 Functional requirement Picture 40 Scheduler s uses case Picture 41 show the scheduler use cases It summarizes what we have already said previously 5 6 3 Stimulus Response Sequences Picture 41 Timer Schedule Device is elapsed Before performing an event the scheduler checks if it is colliding with other events If so their priority is compared Picture 42 Timer Schedule Department is elapsed Figure 43 is very similar to Figure 42 with the exception that it explains the system status when timer schedule per department is elapsed Since more than one device belongs to a department you have to check each de partment thoroughly Clearly before performing any event the scheduler has to check the priority UTM project 65 98 06 06 10 5 7 Devices Energy Monitoring 5 7 1 Description The aim of th
89. orter un sostanziale rientro economico 1 2 Metodologie L intero progetto e stato sviluppato seguendo le linee guida dell ingegneria del software E quindi ogni diversa fase produttiva e stata ben rispettata e ben documentata Questo ci ha permesso di sviluppare UTM in maniera piu semplice ma allo stesso tempo po tente Chi verr dopo di noi si trover molto materiale disponibile che lo aiuter a mantenere il progetto e ampliarle le sue funzionalit Come standard di grafica e stato scelto UML o Unified Modelling Language in quanto ritenuto il piu opportuno e largamente utilizzato 1 3 Tecnologie La forza principale del progetto si basa su due protocolli SNMP e AXL fondamentali per il cor retto funzionamento SNMP or Simple Network Management Protocol appartiene alla suite di protocolli Internet defi nita dalla IETF Internet Engineering Task Force Esso Li permette di ricavare informazioni sugli apparati di una network aziendale Informazi oni quali tipo di dispositivi attaccati e nome e energia consumata Le specifiche di queste informazioni sono puntualizzate da un protocollo della Cisco Ener gyWise AXL o Administrative XML e sostanzialmente un interfaccia accessibile tramite richieste http e xml Questa interfaccia risiede dentro il Call Manager della Cisco AXL e stata implementata da UTM in modo tale da ricavare informazioni sugli IP Phone quali Proprietario Modello numero di telefono credenz
90. ost 1000 Figure 45 is taken from UTM and it is a real time chart that measures how much energy devices are consuming Picture 44 Area chart monitoring It shows details of two IP phone devices At 9 a m on the day 21 They are consuming 10 W 5 W each After they are turned off by the scheduler or the admin energy consumption became 0 W switch s consume are omitted When turned on again by the scheduler consumption is greater 14 W because until stabilization they consume 7 W instead of 5 W since they need extra opera tions like configuration initialization and so on Usually this operation takes between 1 and 2 minutes UTM project 67 98 06 06 10 5 7 2 Functional requirement Picture 45 Devices Energy Monitoring The only actor shown in figure 46 is the Monitor Duties are to create charts collect energy from devices over the network and keep them updated 5 7 3 Stimulus Response Sequences Picture 46 Activity diagram Create chart and refreshing Picture 47 shows devices energy monitoring life cycle Features start automatic when application begins First it creates the chart by setting e Title Data points interval e Maximum and minimum value in the X and Y axis Second the timer is set to elapse every 2 minutes The time can be set by manual Third if the timer is elapsed then the system starts to find and collect energy over the network It begins to look in the swit
91. p feature over a Touch screen monitor This monitor is positioned in specific locations For instance you can set the moni tor in a room and leave device over map showing room planimetry and devices Thanks to the Touch screen it is possible to touch any device and perform any op erations This mode view is very nice and user friendly In addition it allows any employee to have complete control of all devices present in the rooms Consequently the devices are well monitored Furthermore you need just a single point of control capable of controlling any devices present In other words this feature optimizes energy cost Picture 22 Demo Desk The image above is taken from UTM during the implementation phase It shows our demo desk where all the services and functionalities were tested The demo was composted by e Three IP phone devices e One computer UTM project 45 98 06 06 10 5 3 2 Functional requirement The following uses case show this feature requirement The actors who interact with the system are e Employee Admin Monitor e Thread Trap meu trop Picture 23 Device Over map requirement The previous uses cause can throw different exceptions Like the following Device not found Device operation not performed Device name or numbers not retrieved Monitor doesn t show any devices Trap not received The first one is thrown when the admin want to add a new device over the map the possible
92. perform requests by sending XML data to the Cisco Unified Call manager server The server then returns the AXL response which is also a SOAP message 10 2 RisPort SOAP Service The RisPort Real Time Information Port service comprises several operations that allow clients to do the following tasks related to real time information Operation Description Reference selectCmDe Allows clients to perform Cisco Uni RisPort Service se vice fied Communications Manager de lectCmDevice Operation vice related queries page 2 12 selectCtiltem Allows clients to perform a CTI RisPort Service se manager related query lectCtiltem Operation page 2 18 getServer Exports information from the Server RisPort Service get Info Information SOAP interface Serverlnfo Operation page 2 20 SelectCmDe Allows clients to perform Cisco Uni RisPort Service Se viceSIP fied Communications Manager SIP lectCmDeviceSIP Opera device related queries tion page 2 23 UTM in order to retrieve device s information use the first operation Se lectCmDevices Request Format Example retrieve Devices information The basic idea is this 1 Post a request to the Call Manager on port 8443 2 The request must be made using SOAP and HTTPS 3 The URI is realtimeservice services servicename So in my case the url was https 192 168 180 2 realtimeservice services RisPort The IP is the Call manager address and the rest of the URL is the services that I m g
93. phone Retrieve message works in the opposite way in fact are the IP Phones that que ries UTM web service in order to get informations Queries can be done in three different ways By pushing Application button By pushing Soft key buttons e Automatic each x second setted by the admi in the Call Manager called Idle Mode The Administrator duties is to associate for each button an URL that indicate the address where the service is hosted Retrieve message services are Booking services Before UTM application in Loccioni s company when somebody wanted booking a meeting room those should call the secretary and register their name and time range however it raised the problem to how show the scheduling for each meeting rooms Consequently UTM application solved this In fact it has a service called booking linked between the IP Phone the intranet and the Web server The scenario is very easy and is the following 1 An user logs into the intranet 2 Choose the meeting room and the time range 3 Automatic the intranet refresh the url associate to the IP Phone 4 Therefore the IP Phone show the current booking Presences The main aim of this feature is to employment s status When employments are busy or they don t want be disturbed they can push the services button on their IP Phone and select the state Busy Automatically the Presence s Database is refreshed and the others employes can see its busy status
94. project 33 98 06 06 10 TooBig The SNMP packet is too large NoSuchName The MIB object does not exist e BadValue The MIB object value is not the proper data type or is not in the proper range e ReadOnly A SetRequest message is attempting to modify a MIB entry with Read only privileges Gent Generic error condition In addition in a SNMP you have to put another field called Request ID Itis a 4 byte integer value that uniquely identifies each SNMP packet The response must contain the same request ID To conclude in each SNMP packet you can put more than one message Variable binding At maximum ten Each variable contain OID message type and message value Clearly the response contain the same numbers of variable binding This is a optimization technique since it reduce the numbers of packet sent Also UTM speed Picture 11 SNMP trap Picture 11 show through a state chart how UTM is listening for SNMP trap How is possible view the application waiting a trap after be started It move to the state Host analysing when a trap is received In this state the trap is analysed and discard if is unknown After this state the trap is extracted and the informations found are made available to UTM Important information are Enterprise Identifies the type of managed object that generates the trap Agent Address Provides the address of the managed object that generates the trap
95. rform operations on them When the user has finished he select which operation performs and finally put his privileges His privileges must me higher then the computers target otherwise the operation will not be executed The finally step is performing the operation it is carry out by the system The op eration can fails when The privileges aren t enough e Computer target has blocked the operation Proxy problems The system finishing to operate when the user decides to exit 5 6 Scheduler 5 6 1 Description The scheduler is the main UTM feature It is a background service that each 2 minutes The time is settable looks for elapsed events Its duty is to set device level in accord with policies set by the admin or the em ployees Ideally the scheduler should find the best algorithm capable of turning off devices when not in use However it is very difficult to accomplish this since there are too many exceptions and employee needs are different and often change For this reason employees can help the scheduler by setting their own device policies through the Intranet An event is made up by Scheduling Type Value TimerStart TimerStop EnergyLevel Disabled The first field together with the second field identifies the type of scheduling of the event The next fields are TimeStart and TimerStop The event must be performed when the current time is between those limits The action performed is carried in En
96. rieve all the information in the Database or part of it by one re quest only AXL on the other hand is more difficult than SNMP since in order to use it you have to first create an XML file second encapsulate it in a HTML request and fi nally get and analyse the answer In the XML file you must specify what you need for example the device MAC so you can make only one request for each packet sent For further information go to section Glossary C Call manager AXL API In conclusion UTM uses SNMP when it has to retrieve a large amount of date For example when the application creates Device Over List On the other hand UTM uses AXL when it has to retrieve ad hoc information and the performance is not so important For example when the admin clicks over a device and it wants to send a message The application in order to perform the operation needs the IP Phone s address This information is retrieved by an AXL request Fourth there is connection between UTM and the IP Phones every time UTM uses IP Phone services The connection is performed by pushing in the IP Phone an HTTP request containing XML The IP phones will parse the request and perform the specific operation Fifth UTM communicates with the local Intranet by exchanging UDP and TCP packets Finally UTM uses a very important XML file Where critical information essential for UTM to operate correctly is saved Important information is e Call manager version Call ma
97. s needs For ex ample if the owner decides to have a holiday first he will log on to the intranet then set the device scheduling to be powered off while he is on holiday in order to save energy cost and to respect the environment Figure 50 shows device scheduling Picture 49 Example of device scheduling Further more Intranet allows use of IP Phone services Send messages notify or make phone calls Figure 51 Picture 50 IP Phone services from intranet To sum up in order to have a more efficient scheduler UTM is fully integrated with the Loccioni intranet An example is UTM integration with an Intranet features called travel sheet It is an online form to be filled in for company trips For instance if you have to do technical repairs or you have to present a product to clients outside the company you have to fill in a form and put e Name Leaving date Arriving date Reason Contact Travel sheet has the utility to let others know where you are what you are doing and how you may be contacted The UTM scheduler uses that data to improve its algorithm since it switches off the phones when employees are not present The last thing analysed in this section is communication between intranet and UTM It is made by e UDP packet e TCP packet e SQL Database Thanks to the UDP and the TCP packet the application and the intranet can com municate and exchange critical information The UDP packet unlike the TCP pac
98. s project In order to Coordinate people e Discover and solve problems e Manage expectations Resolve conflict Exchange ideas Everyone involved in the project must follow these guidelines As well the company culture leaves its employees to follow their own ideas and take responsibility Meetings between Project groups and Project managers were weekly on Friday with the aim of checking project status Brainstorming was used extensively on the project 2 8 Worked Hours In order to calculate the worked hours each member of the project group after each week sent by email to the project managers how many hours they had worked The format was Recipient Mirco and Michele Object Name Last name Project name code hours Text Must be empty Planned 6 working 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 time per 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 member UTM project 15 98 06 06 10 3 Overall Description 3 1 Product Perspective This project is a component of a large system named UUDM amp M UUTM amp M or Unified User Device Management amp Monitoring is a suite made up of services with the aim of monitoring and managing consumption by devices within companies Services are Databases Company address book management inventory of devices user organization chart It s integrable with Companies ERP and Active Directory ToTeM Collecting and analysis of phone usage
99. se and PC e gent o A network management software module such as the Cisco IOS software that resides in a managed device An agent has local knowledge of management information and makes that information available by using SNMP e Network Management Systems NMS o Run applications that monitor and control managed devices NMS provide resources required for network management o In this case of study UDM is a NMS Figure 5 illustrates the relationship between the managed devices the agent and the NMS Managed Devices Picture 5 SNMP overview The manager and agent use a Management Information Base MIB and a rela tively small set of commands to exchange information A long numeric tag or object identifier OID is used to distinguish each variable uniquely in the MIB and in SNMP messages UTM project 27 98 06 06 10 SNMP uses five basic messages GET GET NEXT e GET RESPONSE SET e TRAP to communicate between the manager and the agent The GET and GET NEXT messages allow the manager to request information for a specific variable The agent upon receiving a GET or GET NEXT message will issue a GET RESPONSE message to the manager with either the information requested or an error indication as to why the request cannot be processed A SET message al lows the manager to request a change be made to the value of a specific variable in the case of an alarm remote that will operate a relay The agent will then
100. t By right click on a switch you can Enable it Disable it e Ping it Picture 61 Switches status Further ahead the utilities Application components Figure 63 shows all the sys tem components Those are divided in two categories e Timer e Thread Picture 62 Administrator tools In the application six timers and three threads are present By clicking on a timer or on a thread you can Enable or Disable it UTM advise the admin against disabling any timer or thread since they are neces sary for UTM to operate correctly Moreover disabling any of them could cause data loss In conclusion there are two left features on the main page Log event EnergyWise monitoring Log Event is a list box where any events occurring to the application are saved Each pod is marked by e Field Data The ld is a unique number that identifies the type of event field contains informa tion about the event and finally data is when the event happened The event may come from Scheduler e TRAP PHP TCP e Database update e SNMP request e IP Phone services When the scheduler performs any operation it is saved in the log file Then when TRAP PHP or TCP arrives they are also saved Similar when any Da tabase update is performed Lastly when the admin perform any SNMP request or IP Phone services it is reg istered Therefore the admin can view and check what is done A further implementation should allow the ad
101. ts are specified Each object has several fields like description OID numbers access type and accepted value And also whether it is a scalar object or is a tabular object In order to get or set any object you have to specify the right OID plus the value to set For example to switch off a device you have to Find the right name CewLevelEntry Verify the access type R W Find the OID 1 3 6 1 4 1 9 9 683 1 6 1 10 Set the message In my case I m going to set it to 1 No energy Send the request by SNMP Cid IM Picture 8 List of cisco EnergyWise s MIB Figure 8 shows how CISCO EnergyWise MIB is structured That picture is taken from Ireasoning an open source Mib browser Thttp www oidview com mibs 9 CISCO ENERGY WISE MIB html http www paessler com support kb questions 49 http www ireasoning com UTM project 29 98 06 06 10 Thanks to SNMP we were capable of creating a User Friendly application since SNMP is easily implementable by using a hight language program like C or Java Due to Company s politics we decided to use C because it is feasible and easy to be integrated Moreover UUTM amp M is written in C In addition another SNMP duty is to listen for incoming switch s traps Traps are sent when any events in a switch are raised For instance when a de vice is plugged or unplugged Catching TRAP allows UTM to know the current state of any devices During the Requirement ana
102. type xsd boolean gt element name CmDevices type tns CmDevices gt lt sequence gt lt complexType gt lt complexType name CmDevices gt lt complexContent gt restriction base SOAP ENC Array gt lt sequence gt element name CmDevice type tns CmDevice minOccurs 0 maxOccurs 2007 lt sequence gt lt restriction gt lt complexContent gt lt complexType gt The Unified CM Device information contains the following information lt complexType name CmDevice gt lt sequence gt lt element name Name type xsd string gt lt element name IpAddress type xsd string element name DirNumber typez gd sting element name Class typez tns DeviceClass element name Model type xsd unsignedInt gt element name Product type xsd unsignedInt gt element name BoxProduct type xsd unsignedInt gt element name Httpd type tns CmDevHttpd gt element name RegistrationAttempts type xsd unsignedInt gt element name IsCtiControllable type xsd boolean gt element name LoginUserld type xsd string gt element name Status type tns CmDevRegStat element name StatusReason type xsd unsignedInt gt element name PerfMonObject type xsd unsignedInt gt element name DChannel type xsd unsignedInt gt element name Description type xsd string element name H323Trunk type tns H323Trunk gt lt element name TimeStamp
103. type xsd unsignedInt gt lt sequence gt lt complexType gt What actually UTM needs are e Name e lpAdaress e DirNumber Since is our first requirement Others parameters are discarded 10 4 AXL Error Codes If an exception occurs on the server or if any other error occurs during the proc essing of an AXL request an error gets returned in the form of a SOAP Fault message SOAP ENV Envelope xmlns SOAP ENVz http schemas xmlsoap org soap envelope SOAP ENV encodingStyle http schemas xmlsoap org soap encoding SOAP ENV Body SOAP ENV Fault lt faultcode gt SOAP ENV Client lt faultcode gt lt faultstring gt CDATA An error occurred during parsing Message End element was missing the character gt Source Line 41 Char 6 Code c00ce55f Source Text lt re gt faultstring SOAP ENV Fault SOAP ENV Body SOAP ENV Envelope SOAP Fault messages can also contain more detailed information The following example depicts adetailed SOAP Fault lt SOAP ENV Envelope xmlns SOAP ENVz http schemas xmlsoap org soap envelope SOAP ENV encodingStyle http schemas xmlsoap org soap encoding gt lt SOAP ENV Body gt lt SOAP ENV Fault gt faultcode SOAP ENV Client lt faultcode gt faultstring Device not found with name SEP003094C39708 lt faultstring gt detail xmlns axl http www cisco com AXL 1 0 xmlns xsi http www w3 org 2001 XMLSche
104. uch more devices moreover in many de vices it s not possible to specify power levels different from 0 device shut down and 10 device at full energy even at the time of writing this thesis The biggest power consumers in an enterprise like computers routers switches etc cannot be supervised and managed on the energy consumption field yet Cisco Systems is currently working on the realization of standards de facto and new network protocols that will make all of this possible one day It is kind of useless to say that the work done so far is not really sufficient to guar antee important and very advantageous savings inside an enterprise The simple operation of shutting down the phones can be an help but way more significant savings could be reached with the power management of devices with a huge need for energy such as the computers So we can just say let s give Cisco some more time But what can we do while we re holding on PsShutDown Executable PsShutDown is a command line utility similar to the shutdown utility from the Win dows 2000 Resource Kit but with the ability to do much more It is part of a grow ing kit of Sysinternals command line tools that aid in the adminstration of local and remote systems named PsTools PsShutDown requires no manual installation of client software in order to install the component just copy PsShutDown onto your executable path and type psshutdown with command line options defined below
105. uling types On the other hand employees can set only user type and device type through the intranet In fact after authentication they will see their devices and apply schedul ing Picture 40 shows events associated to a device belonging to a Loccioni employee Device has the MAC SEP001BD4A05373 and it has three events Each event can be edited or deleted Disabled V 3 LLL Picture 39 User s scheduling The scheduler is truly a main features It can t make mistakes otherwise it will create chaos within a company Think about what could happen if devices are turned on or turned off without any plausible reason Business problems could occur and employees time could be wasted In addition conflict between events should always be resolved unambiguously To sum up the foregoing the better the scheduler is the more money it will save Without doubt a device turned off will not consume energy Even if an IP phone The most frequent kind of device used in Loccioni s company does not consume a lot of energy in a big company it can make a difference since there are a lot of IP phones In any cases devices are not only IP Phones but UTM and its scheduler is able to schedule all kinds of POE devices POE devices tested by UDT are e IP Phone On average consumes 7 W e Access point On average consumes 25 W UTM project 63 98 06 06 10 WebCam On average consumes 15 W And soon it will be able to schedule Computers t

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