Color Models & Color Tools in ImagesPlus
Contents
1. Fd doll ted tell 7E 8 9 ae lalsly jal a mm Input Raw Bayer CFA File Type Ic anon 7D 6D 5D M 1 DX60D Rebel 600D 10D D60 D30 E CVT_M13_Light_600SecISO400 CAVC 2012 ImagesPius HandBook Color CVT_M13 Light 600SecISO400_000002_B1 fit 2817 x 1876 15 Figure 17 Bayer CFA format image on left is split into separate R G and B pixel images for processing before the components are merged back into a Bayer CFA image using Combine Bayer CFA and converted to a color RGB image with the Bayer CFA Interpolation tool Split Luminance The Split Luminance menu option is used to quickly create a luminance image by splitting the current active color image into its luminance component using the HSV model Split Luminance is also available on the left vertical toolbar Split Lab Luminance The Split Lab Luminance menu option is used to quickly create a Lab luminance image by splitting the current active color image into its Lab luminance component using the Lab model Split Lab Luminance is also available on the left vertical toolbar The Lab luminance image is usually darker and smoother than a HSL luminance image from the same color image since Lab luminance is not the maximum of R G and B at each pixel Combine LRGB LCMY HSL Lab The Combine LRGB LCMY HSL Lab tool is used to combine split LRGB LCMY HSL and Lab components created by the Split LRGB LCMY HSL Lab tool into a color image LRGB components can als2. All Levels v Locklmage ToAlllmages Apply Reset Lab Mode Image Select Black Midtone White Min Apply e f 65535 Range 20000 Apply To Level Alllevels v E Locklmage ToAlllmages Apply Reset Reset All Done Max Apply Feather Range v Lab Mode v Enable Sliders Figure 27 If Lab Mode is not checked then Additive Color Balance is in RGB mode shown on the left If Lab Mode is checked then the red green and blue sliders are set to Lab L a G R and b B Y shown on the right A luminance range with feather radius can be used to select pixels where Additive Color Balance is applied The Min Apply and Max Apply sliders are used to define the luminance range min apply value max apply value where Additive color balance is applied at 100 opacity The Feather Range slider is used to define the feather radius for pixel values less than the min apply value and greater than the max apply value For example suppose min apply is set to 7500 and max apply is set to 32000 with a feather radius of 1500 then Additive Color Balance is applied at 100 in the luminance range 7500 32000 Additive Color Balance is not applied at pixel values less than 6000 7500 1500 or greater than 33500 32000 1500 Additive Color Balance is applied from 0 to 100 as pixel values increase from 6000 to 7500 and as pixel value decrease from 33500 to 32000 The Min Apply and Max Apply values can be set by a left click on an
3. ImagesPlus a ajajaa G E O 0 oO 0 o a A Co te x lt em 2 fof oo oft ltl Bla ole NGC6888 HA FIT Gray 35 I NGC6888 HA FIT Red 40 Bl ASL jl a FI i To Allmages Apply CAVC 2012 ImagesPius HandBook Color NGC6888 HA FIT 1619 x 1081 40 Figure 25 The gray scale H alpha image shown at top right is interpreted as red data for use with the Combine Images layering tool on the Special Functions menu Color Balance The Color Balance tool is used to neutralize or set to gray the background of an image using a click of the mouse Mid tone gray and white points can also be set For a selected background mid tone or white point expressed as R G B the R G and B values are set equal to the Max R G B Median R G B or Min R G B if the Balance High Mid or Low control is set respectively The red green and blue sliders can be used to adjust the color balance at a selected background mid tone or white point In order to neutralize the color of the background of an image to dark gray follow these steps 1 Check the Neutralize Background box on Color Balance then left click on the background of an image away from any stars nebula or galaxy 2 If needed adjust the background color using the red green or blue sliders 3 Use the Background Darker Lighter slider to set the overall background brightness to dark gray or near the value 20 20 20 on an 8 bit s
4. lt lt 65535 0 Festher Range T Mask Type Apply To Level Apply R f j e Reset Mask 3 4 J Lab Mode AllLevels v Enable Sliders i Display Mask Load Apply Lockimage ToAl images Apply Reset Reset All Done 1104 x 820 75 905 722 18247 57 59 71 CVC 2012 ImagesPius HandBook Color NGC6888 HaNllOlll Figure 31 The mask restricts Additive Color Balance to the blue areas of the mask Adjust the color and luminance controls of Additive Color Balance in RGB mode or Lab Mode Blend mode and opacity of the Additive Color Balance adjustment layer are set using the Blend Mode and Opacity controls on the Process History window Also see the mask tools section of the Layers Blend Modes Opacity and Mask chapter of the ImagesPlus concepts and user manual for additional information about creating and using masks If Lock Image is checked when the tool is applied to an image then the tool will always be applied to the same image until the image is closed or Lock Image is unchecked This option is used to apply the tool to the same image without selecting the image when multiple images are open If Tool All Images is checked then the tool will be applied to all open images that are compatible with the tool Enable Sliders is used to control the automatic application of the tool If checked then the tool will be applied after each change in a sliders If you want to adjust multiple sliders before t
5. MinLApply a 19379 O MinSApply 0 100 M MaxLApply 30373 a SR l 1 0000 LRange 20000 SRange 0 0 1 0 L Feather Range a 10000 S Feather Range mn 0 1000 Color Cyans v HSLMode Muikun v Apply To Level JAll Levels v Color Cyans v HSLMode EMA Apply To Level All Levels Locklmage ToAlllmages V Enable Sliders r Locklmage ToAlllmages v Enable Sliders Bone Vv Preserve Luminance Reset Reset All V Preserve Luminance Reset Reset All Figure 32 Luminance mode is shown in the left with saturation mode on the right The Min L Apply and Max L Apply values in Figure 32 can be set by a left click on an image To select Min L Apply or Max L Apply using the mouse check the box to the left of Min L Apply or Max L Apply then click on the image Check the L Range bow then left click on an image to set both Min L Apply and Max L Apply The Apply To Level list can also be used to set the luminance range controls to preset All Levels Dark Mid tone or Light The preset luminance range can then be modified by moving the Min L Apply Max L Apply or L Feather Range sliders Select Saturation in the HSL Mode list to set the sliders to saturation mode The Min S Apply and Max S Apply sliders define the saturation range min apply value max apply value where Selective HSL Color Balance is applied at 100 opacity The S Feather Range slider is used to define the feather radius for pixel values with saturation less than the mi
6. Outout Color Image Color Model Combined Image Name RGB C CMY C HSL C Leb Combine nelTorget v Enable Sliders Apply Done CAlmages CombineChannelTarget_1 fit 1496 x 1126 50 Figure 18 Color RGB image on right created using the Combine LRGB tool with red green and blue components each with a scale factor of 1 0 The component images can be modified and the combination image updated by pressing the Apply button on Combine LRGB ImagesPlus 0 jet x m ale ale tae e a zia alale al eOlolo o m g CombineCFATarget_1 fit Gray 10 E CVT_M13 Light_600Seciso400 E CVT_M13 Light_600Seciso400 i CVT_M13_Light_600SecISO400 EEA AA dee el 3 0 15 BINT_CombineCFATarget_1_1 fit RGB 13 Combine Bayer CFA Select input images Set Scale Red CYT_M13_Light_600SeciISO400_000002_F1 fit 1 0 ae 3 eave 10 Reset Green CVT_M13_Light_600SeciS0400_o00002_Gifit 1 0 Wis ae ie 10 Reset Blue CVT_M13_Light_600SeciSO400_000002_B1tit 1 0 07 E 10 Reset Reset All Sliders Clear Selection Output CFA Image Combined Image Name Combine Raw Bayer CFA File Type Canon 7D 6D 5D M 1 D 60D Rebel 600D 10D 060 030 V Enable Sliders Display Color Version Apply CAVC 2012 ImagesPlus HandBook Color CombineCFATarget_1 fit 5634 x 3752 10 Figure 19 The R G and B pixel data images can be processed before conversion into a Bayer CFA image using the
7. M27 C14F7 HaOllINIl jpg 0 463 Pa Edt lf dt al eed fhe uio eels y aim CAVC 2012 ImagesPlus HandBook Color M27 C14F7 HaOllINIl jpg 1115 x 830 100 Figure 38 Set HSL Mode to Saturation Curve to see the saturation constraint of the bright pink area with low saturation The saturation Min S Apply and Max S Apply are set to the low saturation range of the pink area ImagesPlus _ cel ll x x B Hn a ojal vee P fall j at slam a alalalmipioio olola a E M27 C14F7 HaOllINIl jpg RGB 100 0 276 0 278 Min 0 000 Mid 0 231 Max 0 463 E wae 4 A Md AAE feed lhe eo S lle ajma HSL Mode JEU ICES T Color Reds v Preset Default Curve Image Select 0 00 0 50 1 00 t i i i Min S Apply f S Range Max S Apply a Lock Image To All Images V Enable Drawing CAVE 2012 ImagesPius HandBook Color M27 C14F7 HaOllINIl jpg 1115 x 830 100 1090 24 l 7710 30 21 12 Figure 39 Increase the saturation in the low saturation pink area using the curve Left click and drag a red control dot of the curve to change the shape of the curve To change the position of the lowest saturation shown by the black dot left click on the left vertical side of the green grid above the black dot The position of the highest saturation marked by the white dot can be changed by a left click on the right vertical side of the green grid The HSL rang
8. the saturation curve of HSL Micro Curves Figure 15 shows a color image split into H S and L components The Lab option splits a color image into its Lab L a and b components The Lab luminance component is usually darker and smoother than the HSL luminance component since Lab luminance is not the maximum of R G and B at each pixel The Lab a green red component represent green by negative values and red by positive values of a The split a G R image has green mapped from black to medium gray in the range 0 0 32765 5 and red mapped from medium gray to white in the range 32765 7 65535 0 The Lab b blue yellow component represent blue as negative values and yellow as positive values of b The split b B Y image has blue mapped from black to medium gray in the range 0 0 32765 5 and yellow mapped from medium gray to white in the range 32765 7 65535 0 Itis possible to modify color by applying a smooth sharpen deconvolution or stretch tool to the component a and b images but it is simpler to use a tool with Lab mode built in For example you could use Micro Curves in RGB mode and apply a curve to the black to medium gray range of the b B Y image to modify blue The Micro Curves Selective HSL Color Balance and Hue Saturation Luminance tools in Lab mode allows much easier access to Lab color data Figure 16 shows a color image split into L a and b components g ImagesPlus 5 Ea File Image Set Operations Special Functio
9. tool and also allows additional processing like smoothing curves and painting to help refine the area where the mask is applied The Custom Luminance Mask and other masks tool offer additional options for making masks Preserve Luminance automatically moves the other two colors in the opposite direct as the color slider being adjusted If Lock Image is checked when the tool is applied to an image then the tool will always be applied to the same image until the image is closed or Lock Image is unchecked This option is used to apply the tool to the same image without selecting the image when multiple images are open If Tool All Images is checked then the tool will be applied to all open images that are compatible with the tool Enable Sliders is used to control the automatic application of the tool If checked then the tool will be applied after each change in a sliders or triangle If you want to adjust multiple controls before the tool is applied then uncheck Enable Sliders adjust the controls then press Apply Reset is used to return the hue saturation and luminance range for a given color in the Color list to their default position of no change Reset All is used to return all controls for all selections in the Color list to their default position of no change Apply is used to apply the current setting to the current image Press Done or the X at the top right of the tool to close the tool Hue Saturation Luminance The Hue Sat
10. 3 x 480 100 Figure 5 RGB color cone is shown at top left with curves applied in RGB mode at top center Notice how cyan has expanded into blue and green magenta into red and blue and yellow into green and red ImagesPlus I ESEN OO A N a EALES ES ESES Em m RGB Hexcone bmp RGB 100 RGB Hexcone bmp RGB 100 Micro Curves RGB Hexcone bm EEA AE A T 865535 0 Bajo joj mmaa HN v LabMode To All Images Rese eset A Lock Image Enable Drawing Apply 7 CAVC 2012 IimagesPius HandBook Color RGB Hexcone bmp 553 x 480 100 513 168 1 0 0 0 0 Figure 6 RGB color cone is shown at top left with luminance L curve applied in Lab mode at top center All colors get brighter when using the L curve in Lab mode with minimal color shift but saturation can change since L is not decoupled from saturation Lab saturation tools can be used to adjust saturation g ImagesPlus me i esl O s 8x le mmm E elele ele 12 aLe zaj aaao Le El n RGB Hexcone bmp RGB 100 n GIE L m a m a a0 N e T gt ale je mm lalajsj4 Mid 32767 0 Max 65535 0 HSL Mode Luminance Curve Color al Colors Preset Default Curve vl Image Select Black Midtone white Min L Apply le L Range Max L Apply LockIm ge Use Min Max S nd L To All Images V Enable Drawing Reset Reset All Apply Done CAVC 2012 ImagesPlus HandBook Color RGB Hexco
11. 65 LRGB V3_R1 fit Red E M65 LRGB V3 G1 fit Green EE M65 LRGB V3 B1 fit Blue 2 Split Colors M65 LRGB V3 Split Into Color Model nclude nk Color Components To Jone C lmages M65 LRGB V3_B1 fit 1636 x 1228 Pa Edt dod deed fell lalalaliii amma N Figure 12 Color image split into L R G B components using the LRGB with No Image options mage sPlus O ted x x e j joja le 5 aju Blaj sa ajajaa anolo of a je E M65 LRGB V3 R1fit E M65 LRGB V3_G4 fit B Eg E M65 LRGB V3_B1 fit B M65 LRGB V3_L1 fit M65 LRGB V3 fit RGB 30 Pde ddl dell TEAN lalalay jl GB V 3_L1 fit RGB C CMY HSL Combine LRGB LCMY HSL Lab Select Imeges Sat lt Scale i C Re IM65 LRGB V3_R1 fit C Green M65 LRGB V3_G1 fit 0 0 0 Rese a E ue 465 LRGB V3_B1 fit 0 Split Colors CombineLRGB Split into Color Model 3 ae cae m umi noe vos ao Se r e tA ii iol v areen v Luminance Link Color Components To New Colorimage CA Images CombineLRGBTarget_1 fit 1636 x 1228 20 221 1201 4177 11 13 16 Figure 13 Color image at top left is split into L R G and B components using Split Colors with the New Image option As a result the split L R G and B components are linked to a new color image called CombineRGBTarget by the Combine LRGB tool The components images can be enhanced
12. 7 HaOllINIljpg Blend Mode 0 D 10 J 1 000 C Normal Opacity Y 100 Mask Renocess Ce ends From Curent gt gt Reprocess Commands From Curent User Comment Mask Surface M27 C14F7 HaOllINiljpg C VC 2012 ImagesPlus HandBook Color M27 C14F7 HaOIINIIMask PinkLowSat fit bea 21S L lobed mlm r M 000 Mid 0 500 Max 1 000 HSL Mode Saturation Curve Co or All Colors Preset Default Curve hd Image Select 0 00 0 50 1 00 ee r Preset Mask Black Blend White Reveal MES APEN f Mask Level 65535 0 S Range z z Mask Contro Point Mask Type Max S Apply z Reset Mask Loc Image To All Images v Enable Drawing Reset Reset All Apply Done CAVC 2012 ImagesPius HandBook Color M27 C14F7 HaOllINIl jpg 1115 x 830 85 1098 110 2570 10 10 10 Figure 41 The low saturation pink mask is used with HSL Micro Curves to perform a larger increase in saturation since the mask has been smoothed The mask is assigned to HSL Micro Curves as described above in the Additive Color Balance tool section v Use Mask s Display Mask Load Apply If Lock Image is checked when the tool is applied to an image then the tool will always be applied to the same image until the image is closed or Lock Image is unchecked This option is used to apply the tool to the same image without selecting the image when multiple images are open If Tool All Images is checked then the tool will be applied to all open i
13. Apply button or into a color RGB image using the Display Color Image button Mix LRGB amp Hue The Mix LRGB amp Hue tool is used to build a color RGB image by assigning different amounts of luminance red green blue narrow band and RGB component data from a color image to the luminance red green blue or custom hue data of the combination color image under construction In order to build a color image from component images follow these steps 1 Open the component images using File Open then open the Mix LRGB amp Hue tool on the Color menu 2 Use the Select All Open button on Mix LRGB amp Hue to insert all open images in the component tree of Mix LRGB amp Hue To insert a single image into the component tree check the Select Source Image box the left click on the image inside its window 3 Each monochrome image in the component tree must be assign to HSL L Lab L red green blue or a custom hue to be added to the combination image To assign a monochrome image to a color first select the image in the component tree then in the Map Color To group select L Lab L R G B or a custom hue from the hue table Press the Add button to assign the monochrome image to the selected color Use the Scale slider to assign 100 or a different percent of the monochrome image to the color selection A color RGB image can also be used in the component tree and is inserted in the tree in the Same way as a monochrome image If the RGB color imag
14. Book Color NGC6888 HaNIlOlll 1104 x 820 50 Figure 28 Use the Selective Color Mask tool on the left vertical tool bar is used to create a smoothed hue saturation and luminance range mask Press the Save As Copy Mask button on the Selective Color Mask tool to name and save the color mask as the current mask ImagesPlus etric Stretc rie mage Set Operations Special Functions view Geome h Smooth Sharpen Color Mode Jpen images Spe perat os axx e a ooo a l e ajl elal alajajal E IO O o o a a i zi Parameters went Image Fie Colo Space Mode RGB H Current Level Al Levels NGC6888 HaNIIOIIl jpg RGB 75 Ciaent Level Al Levels Dak Red 0 Dark Green 0 Dak Blue 0 C AEA ded fled Blend Mode Normal z Opacity jaa A ON yoo Mask Reprocess Commands From Curert gt gt User Commart Edt Show and Set Fite Window on Undo Redo Double click Delete Last Save Copy As Nama Print Tent j Dore ajalah l t amma Magenta 1 Yellow Image Select Black Midtone gamn Min Apply r 0 C MaxAppy 68535 Range Feather Range i 10000 Apply To Level LebMode AliLevels Iv Enable Sliders Lockimege ToAllimages Apply Reset ResetAll Done CVC 2012 ImagesPius HandBook Color NGC6888 HaNIlOlll jpg 1104 x 820 75 1063 49 8465 4 0 33 Figure 29 Apply Additive Color Balance to a color image to c
15. Color Models amp Color Tools in ImagesPlus The RGB color model is an additive color model based in human color perception where primary colors red green and blue are added together to create other colors A Cartesian coordinate system is used to represent different colors by assigning red to the x axis green to the y axis and blue to the z axis as shown in Figure 1 blue 0 0 1 cyan white magenta Figure 1 Red green and blue assigned to the x y and z axis respectively to form the RGB color cube The secondary colors cyan magenta and yellow are formed by adding equal amounts of the primary colors C G B M R B and Y R G Black is at the origin where R G B 0 0 0 White is the sum of red green and blue all at full strength R G B 1 1 1 The gray scale is represented by the vector from black to white Color is represented by the vector R G B from black at the origin to a point in or on the RGB cube where R G and B can be any value from 0 0 to 1 0 Digital cameras record color by capturing red green and blue values independent of each other at each point or pixel of a scene and store the color data using the independent red green and blue color planes of the RGB color model Monochrome CCD cameras capture gray scale luminance by recording all colors at each pixel or just red green and blue values at each pixel using different color filter DSLRS and one shot color CCD cameras use a Baye
16. MY HSL Lab Combine Bayer CFA Mix LRGB and Hue RGB Hexcone bmp RGB 100 Split Colors LRGB LCMY HSL Lab Split Bayer CFA Split Luminance Split Lab Luminance Interpret Mix Colors Color Balance Ctri N Additive Color Balance Ctri B Selective HSL Color Balance Shift Ctrl B Hue Saturation Luminance Ctrl U HSL Micro Curves Shift Ctri U CAVC 2012 ImagesPlus HandBook Color RGB Hexcone bmp 553 x 480 Figure 10 The Color menu on the main ImagesPlus window contains Bayer conversion split and combine luminance and color component tools and general color manipulation tools Bayer CFA Interpolation The Digital Camera Raw File Development and Conversion or Automatic DSLR Image Set Processing tools on the main Image Set Operations menu can convert raw DSLR images like CR2 or NEF into Bayer color array format as shown in Figure 2 The Bayer CFA Interpolation tool shown in Figure 11 is used to convert Bayer color array format data into a color image using a gradient driven interpolation The individual red green and blue pixels of an image in Bayer color array format can cause a rectangular grid pattern to be seen when the image is displayed at different zoom factors It is important to select the correct Bayer CFA type on the Bayer CFA Interpolation tool when converting the image to color otherwise poor color or a rectangular grid pattern will result in the color image If you are not sure of th
17. The luminance range will be set using the Min L Apply Max L Apply and L Feather Range sliders The saturation range will be set using the Min S Apply Max S Apply and S Feather Range sliders The HSL Mode list is used to set the sliders to Luminance or Saturation mode so that the values can be modified See Figure 32 Select Luminance in the HSL Mode list to set the sliders to luminance mode The Min L Apply and Max L Apply sliders define the luminance range min apply value max apply value where Selective HSL Color Balance is applied at 100 opacity The L Feather Range slider is used to define the feather radius for pixel values less than the min L apply value and greater than the max L apply value For example suppose min L apply is set to 7500 and max L apply is set to 32000 with L feather radius of 1500 then Selective HSL Color Balance is applied at 100 in the luminance range 7500 32000 Selective HSL Color Balance is not applied at pixel values less than 6000 7500 1500 or greater than 33500 32000 1500 Selective HSL Color Balance is applied from 0 to 100 as pixel values increase from 6000 to 7500 and as pixel value decrease from 33500 to 32000 Can Red 1 000 i _ Red 1 000 Magenta _______ Green 1 000 Magenta _ __ Green 1 000 Yelow _ ___________ Blue 1 000 Yellow Blue 1 000 Image Select Black Midtone White Image Select 0 00 0 50 1 00
18. ance L in lmagesPlus A saturation S 0 0 means no color or gray scale and S 1 0 is the most saturation for a particular hue and luminance Luminance can range from L 0 0 for no light or black to L 1 0 for full luminance or white V green 120 yellow ii 60 x cyan white red 1 EOR o 180 pee ee p blue magenta 240 v la gray scale Ij lj Iy pe if a 0 0 black S Figure 3 The HSV hexcone has luminance value V denoted by L in ImagesPlus as the vertial axis from black to white Hue H can range from 0 for red and pass through all colors until you return to red at 360 Saturation S 0 0 is along the vertical axis and represents gray scale Saturation increases as S approaches 1 0 at the boundary of the hex cone for a give hue and lumiance The HSV color model makes selection and manipulation of a hue saturation and luminance range in an image simple compared to the RGB color model Luminance hue and saturation are decoupled in the HSV color model so adjustment of one will have minimal effect on the other two See Figure 7 below The RGB color model can be transformed into the Lab color model where color is described by luminance L green red by a and blue yellow by b as shown in Figure 4 b a a b Figure 4 Luminance L in the Lab color model can range from black at 0 0 to white at 100 0 For a given value of L the a axis represents green red with green as negative va
19. and the new color image updated by pressing Apply on Combine LRGB File Image Set Operations Special Functions View Geometric Stretch Smooth Sharpen Color Modeling Openimages Open Operators Help Co bal x x memm a ole altel Bla ela aalala alaf a A e M65 LRGB V3 fit RGB 30 E M65 LRGB V3_L1 fit Gray E M65 LRGB V3_C1 fit Cyan E M65 LRGB V3_M1 fit Magen 7 bebek kemane kasaean L CAlmages M65 LRGB V3 fit 1636 x 1228 30 Figure 14 Color image split into luminance cyan blue green magenta red blue and yellow red green components The HSL option splits a color image into hue saturation and luminance components The hue hexcone shown by Figure 3 is mapped from red at 0 through magenta at 300 back to red to the gray scale black white 0 0 65535 0 The saturation component maps 0 0 saturation to black at O and 1 0 or full saturation to white at 65535 0 in a 32 bit floating point gray scale image 0 0 65535 0 Luminance is the gray scale image calculated by finding the maximum value of red green blue at each pixel The hue and saturation components can be used to modify hue and saturation by applying a tool to a specific gray scale range but it is simpler to use tools with HSL built in For example Micro Curves could be applied to the darker areas of the saturation image to increase saturation but the operation is much more direct if you use
20. ation Image Name MixLRGB Hue_2 fit Size 1663 x 1252 Release Combination Q o 32 1663 x 1252 vev TETT u unuuvu TES J su 7 Figure 23 Processed L and RGB images are shown on the left with the Mix LRGB and Hue combination image on the right The luminance L component is assigned to Lab L luminance for better and smoother color The color M13 RGB image has its R G and B data assigned at 100 to the R G and B data of the combination image Note the excellent color of the blue and yellow stars Example 2 Narrow band components can be mixed into a color RGB image using a wide range of color schemes The components can be processed separately before mixing into the color RGB image Additional processing is normally applied to the color RGB image created by the Mix LRGB amp Hue tool ImagesPlus ip age Set Oper per inctic V etch f arpe alo e 1a pe oes no be Lm ES ee ee eee ce a oe R alL t al 2m a alala Hann olo o a E E NGc6888 HA FIT Gray 25 Mix LRGB and Hue CEEA AAE Source Images G z Color Combination Components NGC6888 HA FIT 1619 x 1081 E Add 1 00 X from Luminance to Red WB Add 0 25 X from Luminance to Green NGC6888 NILFIT 1619 x 1081 W Add 0 33 X from Luminance to Red E NGC6888 Nil FIT Gray 25 oO 3 NGC6888 O11L FIT 1619 x 1081 E Add 1 00 X from Luminance to Blue E Add 0 75 X from Luminance to Green TE N alalsl mm Map Color Se
21. cale or 5120 5120 5120 on a 16 bit scale as measured by the Cross Hair tool Figure 26 shows the application of the Neutralize Background option to an image with a red background ImagesPlus 0 DSa xixe E i H wa cule ca alej M13 CombineFilesSigAvg fit RGB 15 CEA EAL ALAL Aid kel ali jl amaa ald CAVE 2012 ImagesPius HandBook Color M13 CombineFilesSigAvg fit M13 CombineFilesSigAvg fit RGB 15 Select R G B From Image Adjust Selected Average R G 8 16 Bit Average R G B White Balance Midtone Balance Neutralize Background Neutralize Background Set At 15149 11075 8834 Balance C High Mid C Low Bkgrd Red Bkgrd Green Bkord Blue Darker Lighter Background 3 Apply To All Apply Reset Done 15 5612 x 3740 4061 734 7366 23 25 28 Figure 26 The red background of the image on the left is set to dark gray using the Neutralize Background option of the Color Balance tool After the background point is selected the background is made darker or lighter using the Background slider Additive Color Balance The Additive Color Balance tool is used to add or subtract color in RGB mode or Lab color mode ya ra Magenta Green 0 eee ae 9 Image Select Black Midtone White Min Apply Eo acon Range 20000 En V Preserve Luminance jv Enable Sliders Max Apply Feather Range Apply To Level
22. ce S ResetAll V Preserve Luminance Reset Reset All Hue Range Selection The color spectrum bar in the middle of the tool is used to define the hue range If All Colors is selected as the hue range in the Color list then no hue range triangles appear under the color spectrum bar as shown by the image above on the left In this case Selective HSL Color Balance will be applied to all pixels of an image the fall within the feathered luminance and feathered saturation range specified by Min Apply Max Apply and Feather Range If a hue range has been selected using the Color list or the mouse then hue range triangles are displayed under the color spectrum bar as shown by the above image on the right The two inner black triangles define the hue range where the Selective HSL Color Balance tool is applied at 100 opacity The gray triangles on either side of the black hue range triangles define the hue feather size The triangles are moved using the mouse to refine the hue range and feather size To select a hue range from an image choose Select Hue from the HSL Mode list Three hue selection options will appear under Image Select Check Hue Range to select a hue range with no luminance and saturation restriction HL Range to select a hue and luminance range with no saturation restriction or HSL Range to select a hue saturation and luminance range then left click on the image The hue range will be set using the triangles under the color spectrum bar
23. d to luminance of the stretched and processed RGB image Assign the processed L component using Lab luminance to get the best color Figures 21 22 and 23 show the combination of the processed L component with the processed RGB color image g ImagesPlus OR File Image Set Operations Special Functions View Geometric Stretch Smooth Sharpen Color Modeling Openimages Open Operators Help 2 s ealala GJE O O0 oO 0 5 a A coe ed x lt I E gt cH l elh ali p E M13 R FIT Gray Mix LRGB and Hue MixLRGB Hue_2 fit RGB 50 eee Source Images Color Combination Components M13 8 FIT 1663 x 1252 MB Add 1 00 X from Luminance to Blue M13 G FIT 1663 x 1252 Add 1 00 X from Luminance to Green M13 R FIT 1663 x 1252 BB Add 1 00 X from Luminance to Red aiK M13 GFIT Gray m alah id 2 Map Color pa Select Source Image Select All Open E From To Apply Delete Done Reset Reset Al 0 00 1 00 2 00 E M13 B FiT Gray Enable Slider Combination Image z Name MixLRGB Hue_2 fit Size 1663 x 1252 Release Combination CAVC 2012 ImagesPius HandBook Color MixLRGB Hue_2 fit 1663 x 1252 50 Figure 20 The calibrated aligned and stacked with no further processing R G and B components are shown at left with the Mix LRGB amp Hue combination image on the right Note the excellent color in the combination image The Mix LRGB a
24. e Bayer CFA type of your sensor then start at the top of the Input Raw Bayer CFA File Type list with RGB Generic 0 0 RG GB and apply each type to the image until you find the best color without any rectangular pattern ImagesPlus _ CO col ed x lt ole ajll cle aalala 5 r al Be CVT_M13_Light_600SecISO400_000002 fit Gray 40 0 El BINT_CVT_M13_Light_600SecISO400_000002_1 fit RGB 45 m l P a lalalsi gt it mm Input Raw Boyer CFA File Type Canon 7D 60 50 M 1 0x 600 Rebel 6000 100 060 030 L CAVC 2012 ImagesPius HandBook Color BINT_CVT_M13_Light_600SecISO400_000002_1 fit 5632 x 3750 45 Figure 11 Single channel Bayer color filter array CFA format image with individual red green and blue pixels is shown on the left with color conversion shown on the right The red bias of the image is due to red light pollution Split Colors LRGB LCMY HSL Lab The Split Colors tool is used to separate a color image into its color components based on the color model Most tools in ImagesPlus allow direct access to the RGB HSL and Lab color components of an image directly without splitting the image but access to the color components of an image can be useful at times The RGB R G and B buttons on the top horizontal toolbar enable direct access to the selected color component when using an enhancement tool that does not have color selection options suc
25. e built into the HSL Micro Curves tool works well for small changes to an image The boundary of the HSL range can become difficult to blend into the image is a large luminance or saturation change is applied In this case use a selective color mask with HSL Micro Curves as shown below for additional control of the HSL range g ImagesPlus p ee Ca x e A mm Jf ope fet wll cat ie alajajalsieiojo o ojo r a M27 C14F7 HaOlliNll jpg RGB 50 M27 C14F7 HaOlliNiLjpg RGB 50 Selective Color Mask M27 C14F7 HaOllINILjpg m N m LS Constraint Luminance ha a Black 4 Min L rF Min L Feather oj Li Max L Rj Max L Feather Mask Level Smooth Radius lalala 1 ole Invert Mask Reset Reset All 3 Save As Copy Mask To All Images Apply Done CAVC 2012 ImagesPius HandBook Color M27 C14F7 HaOllINIl jpg 1115 x 830 50 Figure 40 The Selective Color Mask is used create a smoothed mask of the low saturation pink area in the center of M27 The Save As Copy Mask button is used to name the mask and set it as the current system mask ImagesPlus aerators Process History M27 C14F7 HaOlliNll jpg id ipapar jel m al olola alal ll Vie see a ipl alallala liARIAMM nlo ala IRA o D Operation e mI e M27 C14F7 HaOllINILjpg RGB 85 fer Micro Curves A Phos Ha E L i 4nd L a E A E yv s z a T lt gt gt x HSL Micro Curves M27 C14F
26. e is selected in the component tree then the Split LRGB button can be used to assign its L R G and B components at 100 automatically The L R G and B components of the color image can also be assigned by selecting the Map Color From and Map Color To options then press the Add button and set the Scale slider to the desired percent 4 To edit a color assignment select the assignment under the image component entry in the component tree and change color or scale then press the Edit button 5 Use the Apply button to build the color image using the component assignment set in the component tree If you want to apply some processing to the combination image then duplicate the combination image using the toolbar button or press the Release Combination button 6 The order or position of a component in the tree is not important since each component is assign to acolor and a percentage of the component data is added to the color Example 1 Building a color image from L R G and B components from a monochrome camera should be performed by first combining the R G and B components into a color RGB image since the initial stretch or brightening tools like Digital Development and ArcSinH are designed to brighten a color image and preserve good color without compressing color Figure 20 shows the setup of Mix LRGB amp Hue when building a color image from R G and B component images The L component is stretched and processed separate then assigne
27. h as Pixel Math smoothing sharpening deconvolution or the geometric transform tools The Link Color Components To options controls how the color image is split into components If the No Image option is used then the color image is split into separate color component images with no link to rebuild the original color image from the components If the New Color Image option is used to split a color image then the color components are linked by the Combine LRGB LCMY HSL Lab tool to a new version of the color image being split The component images can be processed and the new combination image updated by pressing the Apply button on the Combine LRGB LCMY HSL Lab tool The LRGB option will spilt a color image into separate luminance red green and blue gray scale images and display them in color The Interpret Mix Colors tool can be used to display a red green or blue component image as gray scale Figure 12 shows a color image split into its luminance red green and blue components using the No Image option Figure 13 shows the same image split into luminance red green and blue components and linked to a new color image using the New Color Image option The LCMY option will split a color image into luminance cyan magenta and yellow components shown by Figure 14 g ImagesPlus _ OS fel x x a a a le f e ajA Bl ae oe ajajaja aaoo ajaja M65 LRGB V3 fit RGB 30 E M65 LRGB V3_L1 fit Gray E M
28. he HSL range is the same as described above for the Select HSL Color Balance tool A pixel must satisfy the feathered hue feathered luminance and feathered saturation range constraints otherwise HSL Micro Curves will not be applied at the pixel HSL Micro Curves can also be used with a mask A mask created using the Selective Color Mask tool has all of the hue saturation and luminance selection contained in the HSL Micro Curves tool and also allows additional processing like smoothing curves and painting to help refine the area where the mask is applied The Custom Luminance Mask and other masks tool described in the Layers Blend Modes Opacity amp Masks chapter offer additional options for making masks If no hue range is selected then the color spectrum bar will have no black and gray triangles under it and the min max luminance and saturation controls will be applied to all colors In order to select a hue range from an image using the HSL selection tools built into HSL Micro Curves follow these steps ImagesPlus lt ee 65535 0 lt lt lt Min 0 0 Mid 32767 0 Max 65535 0 Osale B lo et ajil elal aleajajai ibiOlO o o o a A M27 C14F7 HaOllINILjpg RGB 100 Lld EL lalala llt mamaa ae ila CWC 2012 ImagesPlus HandBook Color M27 C14F7 HaOllINIl jp 1115 x 830 100 832 472 2827 9 9 11 Figure 36 In the HSL Mode list choose Select Hue Check the Hue Range box to selec
29. he tool is applied then uncheck Enable Sliders adjust the controls then press Apply Reset is used to return the color sliders to their default position of no change in Lab Mode or RGB mode Reset All is used to return all controls to their default position of no change in Lab mode and RGB mode Apply is used to apply the current setting to the current image Press Done or the X at the top right of the tool to close the tool Selective HSL Color Balance The Selective HSL Color Balance tool is used to scale red green and blue in a hue saturation and luminance range The hue saturation and luminance range can be selected from the preset values in the Color and Apply To Level list or selected from the image using the mouse Red 1 000 ee ee ee Magenta 2 Green 1 000 Magenta Green 1 000 Yellow 2s Blue 1 000 Yellow ___ Blue 1 000 Image Select Black Midtone White Image Select Black Midtone White Min LApply u l l i o M MinLApply E a a o l l l l l l l l oo MaxLApply eee i l a 65535 MaxLApply ee ee ee ee l l l i l f 65535 LRange 0 20000 LRange 0 20000 eE OEO 10000 Leather Range A a 10000 Color All Colors HSL Mode Luminance Apply To Level AllLevels v Color Reds v HSL Mode Luminance Apply To Level AllLevels t Apply i D Locklmage ToAlllmages Enable Sliders Locklmage ToAlllmages V Enable Sliders ESS v Preserve Luminan
30. image To select Min Apply or Max Apply using the mouse check the box to the left of Min Apply or Max Apply then click on the image The Apply To Level list box is used to set the luminance range controls to preset All Levels Dark Midtone or Light The preset luminance range can then be modified by moving the Min Apply Max Apply or Feather Range sliders Preserve Luminance is available in RGB Mode only and automatically moves the other two colors in the opposite direct as the color slider being adjusted Lab mode is best used for adjusting color with minimal shift in luminance Additive Color Balance does not have hue and saturation range selection built in but a mask can be used to select a hue saturation and luminance range Follow these steps to create and use a hue saturation and luminance range mask with Additive Color Balance File Image Set Operations Special Functions View Geometric Stretch Smooth Sharpen Color Modeling Openimages Open Operators Help Co col Ged lt mmm E 2 fo tlt i le ol aleajalaiGiGiO O o o o a NGC6888 HaNIIOIil jpg RGB 50 NGC6888 HaNIIOlll jpg RGB 50 Selective Color Mask NGC6888 HaNIIOIII jpg Smooth Radius lalajs i llt alma a a a a aa a a an a im 2 Reset Reset All Invert Mask Lock Image o Save As Copy Mask p a To All images V Enable Sliders Apply Done ae CAVC 2012 imagesPius Hand
31. is moved to the right to rotate red to yellow in the red hue range Blue is outside of the red hue range so blue cyan and green are not changed by the hue rotation saturation or luminance sliders Check Lab Mode to switch from RGB to Lab mode If Lock Image is checked when the tool is applied to an image then the tool will always be applied to the same image until the image is closed or Lock Image is unchecked This option is used to apply the tool to the same image without selecting the image when multiple images are open If Tool All Images is checked then the tool will be applied to all open images that are compatible with the tool Enable Sliders is used to control the automatic application of the tool If checked then the tool will be applied after each change in a slider or triangle If you want to adjust multiple controls before the tool is applied then uncheck Enable Sliders adjust the controls then press Apply Reset is used to return the hue saturation and luminance range for a given color in the Color list to their default position of no change Reset All is used to return all controls for all selections in the Color list to their default position of no change Apply is used to apply the current setting to the current image Press Done or the X at the top right of the tool to close the tool HSL Micro Curves The HSL Micro Curves tool is used to apply a curve to a hue saturation and luminance range The selection of t
32. lect Source Image Select All Open OSS iy Edit h Display Apply Delete Minimize Done Reset Reset All E NGc68s8 lll FiT Gray 25 O Enable Slider Combination Image Name L n 1619 x 1081 50 1023 359 26581 103 102 103 Figure 24 Component Ha NII and OIll images are mixed into a color image using the color assignments shown in the tree The mixed color RGB image is then processed as shown on the right Interpret Mix Colors The main use of the Interpret Mix Colors tool is to assign a monochrome single channel image to a color for use with the Combine Images layering tool For example a monochrome gray scale image taken with an H alpha filter will appear as a gray scale image when opened in ImagesPlus using File Open If the gray scale H alpha is to be layered with the red data of a color image using the Combine Images layering tool then the gray scale H alpha image needs to be interpreted as red data So the Interpret Mix Colors tool is used to assign the gray scale H alpha image to red as shown in Figure 25 The most often used interpret color types are luminance red green and blue followed by cyan magenta and yellow The other interpret as types are rarely used and refer to gray scale image types created by the Split HSL and Lab tool The controls of the Mix Channels of Multi Channel Image are used to swap and mix the red green and blue channels of a color image
33. lues of a and reds as positive values of a The b axis represents blue yellow with blue as negative values of b and yellows as positive values of b Saturation and hue in the Lab model are calculated from a and b where S Vv a b and H arctan In the Lab color model luminance green red and blue yellow are decoupled whick makes adjusting luminance with little color shift and manipulating red gree blue or yellow without effecting other colors very simple See Figure 6 below ImagesPlus represents the RGB HSV and Lab color models as 32 bit floating point arrays The RGB color model is used to read write and store image data in 32 bit floating point memory Color manipulation can be performed in RGB HSV or Lab color model depending on the color tool The HSV and Lab color models are used by the color tools in ImagesPlus to select and modify a hue saturation and luminance range with minimal effect to color outside of the selected color range compared to color manipulation in the RGB color model Figures 5 6 and 7 below show the same curve applied to the same RGB data using curves in RGB mode luminance curve Lin Lab mode and the luminance curve Lin HSV mode respectively ImagesPlus I BCEE UCO E a ole A NE E E ALES ESES ES EE m m RGB Hexcone bmp RGB 100 EEA AA ed T a lajaly gt m m Lab Mode ToAlllmages Lock image v Enable Drawing CAVC 2012 ImagesPlus HandBook Color RGB Hexcone bmp 55
34. mages that are compatible with the tool Enable Drawing is used to control the automatic application of the tool If checked then the tool will be applied after each change in a curve or sliders If you want to adjust multiple sliders or curves before the tool is applied then uncheck Enable Sliders adjust the controls and press Apply Reset is used to return the curves hue saturation and luminance range for a given color in the Color list to their default position of no change Reset All is used to return all controls for all selections in the Color list to their default position of no change Apply is used to apply the current setting to the current image Press Done or the X at the top right of the tool to close the tool Image files used in this chapter are available at Color Models and Color Tools Image Files First edition 9 22 14 Last update 9 24 14 Copy Right Mike Unsold mike mlunsold com www mlunsold com
35. mber 16 White Point 1 000 Std Dew 559 44 Pixels 2082076 Set Min Max Apply Refresh Black Point Range 0 0 0 100 v Scale Function nth Power Xn sA Stretch E M13 RGB fit RGB 35 0 AT BkGd Weight 0 93500 Lighter Darker Power 0 143 1 000 Expand BkGd WeightRange 0 000 1 25000 v PowerRange 00 1 00 x Decompress Color Red Green Blue v Enable Sliders Lock Image eset Scale 1663 x 1252 35 1652 103 842 1 3 3 Figure 22 Open and process the RGB combination image M13 RGB fits created as shown in Figure 20 g ImagesPlus SE File Image Set Operations Special Functions View Geometric Stretch Smooth Sharpen Color Modeling Openimages Open Operators Help 2 s aja a amp E O 0 o 0 of a e oO M13 LFIT Gray 35 1 eca Mix LRGB and Hue MixLRGB Hue_2 fit RGB 50 CE Source Images Color Combination Components m13 RGB fit 1663 x 1252 E Add 1 00 X from Red to Red Add 1 00 X from Green to Green EE Add 1 00 X from Blue to Blue Mi3 L FIT 1663 x 1252 Add 1 00 X from Luminance to L o b Luminance Map Color s se 5 _ _ _ _ n oe Select Source Image Select All Open F From EG B M13 RGB fit RGB 35 wL R G CB C Hue Display Apply tabL Delete Minimize Done 192 192 192 ee LENAT 0 00 1 00 2 00 ale 1 00 Enable Slider Combin
36. metry Symmetry 0 000 Red Green Blue a ImagesPlus I Dy cae Ged x x L N E OOOO NA e E ALES ESES ES i a E CACA A ed kl E E Custom Luminance Mask RGB Hexcone bmp 7 ajali lie amza N CAVC 2012 imagesPlus HandBook Color RGB Hexcone bmp 553 x 480 100 535 262 65535 Figure 8 The Custom Luminance Mask tool creates a gray scale mask using the RGB model by mixing R G and B values at each point of an image Only red is used above to create the gray scale mask ImagesPlus I D am x xm mam BB foc le li alH ole aaamooo o A EE AEA A T z0 S ajajaj m m CAVC 2012 imagesPlus HandBook Color RGB Hexcone bmp 553 x 480 100 Figure 9 The Selective Color Mask tool uses the HSV model to create a gray scale mask of an image The Hue Range bar and triangles define the feathered hue range The L and S sliders can be set to specify a feathered luminance and saturation range The HSL range is smoothed using the Smooth Radius slider The Color menu on the main ImagesPlus window contains most of the color tools as shown below in Figure 10 Micro Curves Levels and Pixel Math on the main Stretch and Special Functions menus can also be used to manipulate color File Image Set Operations Special Functions View Geometric Stretch Smooth Sharpen Color Modeling Openimages Open Operators Help DSim Oe m a fof of l allla Bayer CFA Interpolation Combine LRGB LC
37. n S apply value and greater than the max S apply value For example suppose min S apply is set to 0 25 and max S apply is set to 0 75 with S feather radius of 0 20 then Selective HSL Color Balance is applied at 100 in the saturation range 0 25 0 75 Selective HSL Color Balance is not applied at pixel values with saturation less than 0 05 0 25 0 20 or greater than 0 95 0 75 0 20 Selective HSL Color Balance is applied from 0 to 100 as pixel saturation values increase from 0 05 to 0 25 and as pixel saturation value decrease from 0 95 to 0 75 The Min S Apply and Max S Apply values in Figure 32 can be set by a left click on an image To select Min S Apply or Max S Apply using the mouse check the box to the left of Min S Apply or Max S Apply then click on the image Check the S Range box then left click on an image to set both Min S Apply and Max S Apply Note that a pixel must satisfy the feathered hue feathered luminance and feathered saturation range constraints otherwise Selective HSL Color Balance will not be applied at the pixel Selective HSL Color Balance can be used with a mask using the same steps as shown above in the Additive Color Balance tool and also in the mask tools section of the Layers Blend Modes Opacity and Mask chapter of the ImagesPlus concepts and user manual A mask created using the Selective Color Mask tool has all of the hue saturation and luminance selection contained in the Selective HSL Color Balance
38. nd Hue image is saved as M13 RGB fits for later use a ImagesPlus a i ale Histogram M13 L FIT nn TNF l 2 ajajaja laaloa a a e B M13 L FIT Gray 35 i 1 ArcSinH M13 L FIT 0 HDR Pre Stretch Scale 3 a ae a E a m Exponent 1 276 A gt z ae 3 Bit 16 Bit 8 Bit Level a itle teei 1 Black Point 0 00000 ZoomAt 127 32767 16 Bit Range e l Di 10 MinApply 0 0 Percent 12 14 White Point 1 000 MaxApply 255 65535 Number 16 a Average 29 7635 Std Dev 5611 19 Black Point Range 0 0 0 100 v Scale Function nth Powerx r X Median 24 6154 Pixels 2082076 Set Min Max Apply Refrest Stretch BkGa Min BkGd Weight Lighter 0 143 Powar 1 000 Expand BkGd Weigh Range 0 000 1 25000 bd Power Renge 0 0 1 00 y Decompress Color v Enable Sliders Lock Image Reset Scole Reset Stretch Apply Done CAVC 2012 ImagesPlus HandBook Color M13 LFIT 1663 x 1252 35 1658 146 6664 26 26 26 Figure 21 Open and process the calibrated aligned and stacked luminance L image ImagesPlus Sry DET Histogram M13 RGB fit l M13 LFIT Gray 35 eee BIRO ae le g OA Olc Ke gt o v ArcSinH M13 RGB fit HDR Pre Stretch Scale 44 4 gt gt gt 255 Exponent 1276 Bit 8 Bit Level Color Zoom Bit Depth i i l H 16 Bit Range RIGB 10 Black Point 0 00000 Barcant G B 12 14 a E Nu
39. ne bmp 553 x 480 100 140 16 65288 0 255 7 Figure 7 RGB color cone is shown at top left with luminance L curve applied in HSL mode at top center Note that there is no color shift or saturation change since luminance L is decoupled from hue and saturation in HSV mode The mask tools in ImagesPlus use the RGB HSV or Lab models when creating gray scale masks The RGB model is used to create a grayscale mask of the R G and B planes or a mixture of the R G B values at each point of an image as shown by Figure 8 The HSV model is used to create a gray scale mask of a specific hue saturation and luminance range as shown by Figure 9 The gray scale mask that represent a hue saturation and luminance range can be used to stretch smooth sharpen and adjust color when the mask is assigned to a layer in the Process History window or Combine Images window The Cross Hair Statistics window on the top horizontal toolbar is used to display 8 and 16 bit RGB hue saturation luminance and Lab color at an image point under the mouse Poirit Luminance IR G B 1122 296 8 Bit 39 39 17 29 TE Bt 10023 H0023 4369 7453 Hue 0 91 Magenta Saturation 0 56 L a b 8 32 13 50 3 45 NEIGHBORHOOD IMAGE Centroid 1122 000 296 000 Size 144021440 Size 1 oom 60 Min 10023 000 Min 0 000 Mas 10023 000 Mas 0 000 Avg 10023 000 Avg 0 000 Median 10023 Median O Dewy Dev 0 000 Entropy Entropy 0 000 Sym
40. ns View Geometric Stretch Smooth Sharpen Color Modeling Openimages Open Operators Help Dsn x lt x e ma a ajoja ejej l aj Blej ela aalala AAnlolololao a m bl GB M65 LRGB V3 fit RGB 30 a E M6 5 LRGB V3_L1 fit Gray B a 1 ba B l lalala llt amaa N Split Colors M65 LRGB V3 Split Into Color Model RGS CMY e KSL Induce v Hue v Seturabor v Luminance Link Color Components To No image New Color Image Apply Done Ch Images M65 LRGB V 3 fit E M65 LRGB V3 S1fit Gray O 1636 x 1228 30 Figure 15 Color image split into hue saturation and luminance components o ImagesPlus B Oj x S vojaj ejej 2 aj Ele eja alala Aano 0 of a jea td a ai M65 LRGB V3 fit RGB 30 T EJ M65 LRGB V3_Lab L1 fit Gra E M65 LRGB V3_Lab a G R 1 fit a a k T lalala lod amaa N Split Colors M65 LRGB V3 Split Into Color Model Link Color Components To Done CA Images M65 LRGB V 3_Lab L1 fit E M65 LRGB V3_Lab b B Y 1 fit 1636 x 1228 25 Figure 16 Color image split into Lab luminance a G R and b B Y components Split Bayer CFA A Bayer color filter area CFA image see Figure 2 is created by the Auto DSLR Image Set Processing tool Digital Camera Raw Conversion and Development tool or captured by a one shot color CCD camera Split Bayer CFA which operates like the Split LRGB tool is
41. o be created by a digital camera using different color and luminance filters To combine components first open the components using File Open then open the Combine LRGB LCMY HSL Lab tool from the Color menu Select the type of component on the Combine tool then left click on the component image inside its window to add the component image to the Combine tool Each component assigned to the Combine tool has a scale slider that is used to scale the component when building the color image Component scale is used to balance the sensor and color filter sensitivity difference between colors Modern color filters are already balanced and a scale factor of 1 0 is used with all components This combination tool is good at combining RGB components into a color image A luminance L image could also be combined with the RGB components but it is better to layer a luminance component on top of the RGB image since the luminance image and RGB image are usually stretched and processed differently The Combine Images tool on the Special Functions menu is used to layer a luminance image L on top of an RGB image using blend modes opacity and masks Figure 18 shows the combination of R G and B components from a monochrome CCD camera Combine Bayer CFA The Combine Bayer CFA tool is used to combine red green and blue pixel images that were split from a Bayer CFA format image The red green and blue components can be processed before they are merged back into a Ba
42. ook Color NGC6888 HaNIlOlll jpg 1104 x 820 75 Figure 30 Press the Mask button on Process History to open the Mask Surface window Right click on the white rectangle in the Mask Surface window and select Paste Mask to assign the blue mask created and saved using the Selective Color Mask tool to the Additive Color Balance adjustment layer Cy ca a x lt m a 2 oo wt tall l isle ole 2 o NGC6888 HaNIIOIll jpg RGB 75 0 ImagesPlus an sen Operators Help Process History NGC6888 HaNIIOIlll jpg alala a E 0 0 oO 0 a a A Operation Parameters Read Previous Image Fie C WE 207 2 imageePtus Hane Current Image Fie CVC 2012 magesPlus Hand Col Space Mode Lab Current Level ALL Additive Color Balance evels a DakL 0 r Dak a 0 k Dakb 0 Dak Min 0 D Dark Max 20000 v B Not Feather 1N lt gt lt gt Blend Mode 0 50 100 i a at 4 Nomal zj Opacky 100 Mask Repiocess Commands From Curent gt gt iker Connah t _Nest Conard Edi C VC 2012 Images I Show and Set Fite Window on Undo Redo Double click Delete Last Save Copy As Name Savet Pint Text Dore B29 L llt a TI n ele Image Select Black Midtone White Min Apply m Max Apply Black Blend White Reveal Range Mask Level lt lt lt amp
43. r RGB filter array to capture color by placing red green or blue filters over each pixel of the sensor as shown in Figure 2 Bayer conversion algorithms form a complete R G B value at each pixel by filling in the missing red green and blue values using the measured red green and blue values near the pixel Computers use the RGB color model to display an image by coloring each pixel of the monitor with the corresponding R G B pixel of the image recorded by a digital camera The RGB color model is good at storing a color image from digital cameras and for display of the image on a computer mointor but is not so good for manipulating the color image using a computer algorithm For example it is difficult to select and adjust a hue like yellow or blue without shifting color or the brightness of the image because of the independent red green and blue planes used to describe each pixel See Figure 5 below Figure 2 A camera sensor is sensitive to all colors at each pixel shown as gray The RGB Bayer filter array used in DSLR and one shot color CCD cameras covers each pixel and makes the pixel sensitive to only red green or blue The RGB color model can be transformed to the HSV color model to make manipulating color more intuitive The HSV color model is a hexagonal cone where hue H defines the color saturation S defines how a hue differs from gray and V defines the luminance value of the hue The luminance value V is denoted lumin
44. r is mapped to the hue straight above it in the Map To spectrum bar In this case all hues are rotated and all pixels are effected by the Luminance and Saturation sliders o ImagesPlus SRA OF DSa x lt a lololo ole l e alll ole aalala Aanloloalol of aJe RGB Hexcone bmp RGB 100 RGB Hexcone bmp RGB 100 2 lalalaliii le mmaa Hue Saturation Luminance RGB Hexcone bmp Map To Map From Lock Image To All Images CAVC 2012 ImagesPius HandBook Color RGB Hexcone bmp 553 x 480 100 547 275 1 0 0 0 0 Figure 34 A hue range can be selected using the Color list box or from an image Check the Select Hue From Image box then left click on an image to set the hue range triangles Move the Hue slider to the color on the Map From spectrum bar to rotate the selected hue Saturation is decreased and luminance increased in the rotated red hue range at top center e ImagesPlus DS al x lt a fl l le all ele aaalamalnlolol olol a lm NGC6888 HaNIIOIII jpg RGB 60 0 eo 2 bole alma Nc i a am a e uminance uminance Lock Image To All Images C VC 2012 ImagesPius HandBook Color NGC6888 HaNllOlll 1104 x 820 60 1049 772 l 11565 45 24 19 Figure 35 The reds in the image on the left are selected by checking the Select Hue From Image box then left click on the red at the top of the Crescent nebula The Hue slider
45. reate the new adjustment layer in the Process History window that tracks adjustment layers Without a mask Additive Color Balance is applied to every pixel of the image in the luminance range as shown above To assign the mask open the Process History window using the top horizontal toolbar rie mage Set Operations Special Functions View Geometric Stret D will xix el DE a H cafo ce lel ove AA Malai ed Bla oly jold a FI Nis eel ch Smooth Sharpen Color Modeling Openimages Open Operators eip wjo Elej ejaj aaalAanlolol o o a A ImagesPlus Additive Color Balance NGC6888 Cyan Magenta Yellow Image Select Black MinApply MaxApply Range Feather Range Apply To Level Leb Mode Al Levels v Locklimage ToAllimages Process History NGC6888 HaNIIOlll jpg Operation Parameters Read Previous Image Fie CWC 2072 ime gt Adcitve Color Balance Current Image Fie Colo Space Mode RGB Current Level Al Levels Preserve Luminance Yes lt Blend Mode e p K Normal z Opacity Reopiocess nmands From Curry gt gt Copy Mask Paste Mask Preset Mask Black Blend White Reveal v Mask Level Se NS ea 65535 0 Mask Control Point Mask Type Hest sedi ee j Separate Points x Control Point Reset Mask Reset Zoom Q Q A V Use Mask Invert Mask Mono Image Display Mask Load Save Apply CAVC 2012 ImagesPius HandB
46. t only a hue range at a point in an image and leave the luminance and saturation constraints set to all values Check the HL Range box to select both a hue range and luminance range and leave the saturation constraint set to all values Check the HSL Range box to select a hue saturation and luminance range at a point in an image In the above image HSL is checked so that the saturation of the bright pink area in the center of M27 can be increased g ImagesPlus ad Ch co tel x lt a a Joja elj 2 talt islm elm alallala Aano olo a a e M27 C14F7 HaOllINIl jpg RGB 100 HSL Micro Curves M27 C14F7 HaOllINiljpg 65535 0 PE dd dled od ed lalala l le mmaa L Range Max L Apply Lock Image To All Images v Enable Drawing Reset Reset All Apply Done CAVC 2012 ImagesPius HandBook Color M27 C14F7 HaOllINIl jpg 1115 x 830 100 1105 540 3341 13 13 13 Figure 37 Left click on the bright pink area with low saturation in the center of M27 to select it as the HSL range The hue range triangles now mark a red hue range and the luminance range sliders are set to the bright range of the pink area g ImagesPlus File Image Set Operations Special Functions View Geometric Stretch Smooth Sharpen Color Modeling Openimages Open Operators Help D el x x joja el 2 wli ole elaj ajala Aano 5 o M27 C14F7 HaOllINil jpg RGB 100 HSL Micro Curves
47. uration Luminance tool is used to rotate hue and adjust luminance and saturation in RGB mode or Lab mode Only a hue range can be selected using the Hue Saturation Luminance tool If a hue saturation and luminance range is required then a selective HSL color mask can be assigned using the same steps as shown above with the Additive Color Balance tool Hue selection and rotation requires two color spectrum bars The Map From color spectrum bar does not change and is used as a color reference The Map To color spectrum bar can be rotated using the Hue slider and also has black and gray triangles that define a hue range as described above in the Selective HSL Color Balance tool Saturation is increased or decreased in the selected hue range by moving the saturation slider to the right or left respectively Luminance is increased or decreased in the selected hue range by moving the luminance slider to the right or left respectively See Figure 33 for an example of hue rotation of all colors and Figure 34 for an example of hue rotation in a hue range with luminance and saturation adjustment a ImagesPlus Sr Dr Co com Ged x lt ole of alil ole ajaljajal RiG O O0 oO 0 of a Je E Id ld ad eed fed er 2 a L fled amma Locklmage To All Images CAVC 2012 ImagesPius HandBook Color RGB Hexcone bmp 553 x 480 100 Figure 33 The Hue slider is moved to rotate all hues The hue in the Map From spectrum ba
48. used to split a Bayer CFA image into separate images that contain only the red green or blue data before conversion to a color image The split color components allow the application of stretch smooth sharpen deconvolution or pixel math tools to the separated data before red green and blue are merged back into a Bayer color filter array image and converted to an RGB color image The Link Color Components To options controls how the Bayer CFA image is split into components If the No Image option is used then the color image is split into separate color component images with no link to rebuild the original Bayer CFA image from the components If the New Monochrome Image option is used to split a Bayer CFA image then the color components are link by the Combine Bayer CFA tool to a new version of the Bayer CFA image being split The component images can be processed and the new combination image updated by pressing the Apply button on the Combine Bayer CFA tool Figure 17 shows a Bayer CFA image split into R G and B components The G component has twice the height as the R and B components since every row of the Bayer CFA image has green pixels but every row does not contain a red or blue pixel as shown by Figure 2 ImagesPlus amp Co col fed x lt joja el 5 tli Ble elm ajaaa Aano o a E CvT_M13_Light_600SeciS0400_ Sl g cvr M13_Light_600SecISO400_ CVT_M13_Light_600SeciSO400_000002 fit Gray 15
49. yer CFA format image using Combine Bayer CFA To combine components first open the components using File Open then open the Combine Bayer CFA tool from the Color menu Select the type of component on the Combine tool then left click on the component image inside its window to add the component image to the Combine tool Each component assigned to the Combine Bayer CFA tool has a scale slider that is used to scale the component when building the Bayer CFA format image Normally a scale factor of 1 0 is used with all components The Display Color Image button can be used to convert the Bayer CFA combination into an RGB color image Figure 19 shows the combination of R G and B components that were split from a Bayer CFA format image and smoothed before they are merged and converted to a color RGB image ImagesPlus on Dea x x B oja ele E oe ae a Sim eja ajajaa Aano o of a M13 LRGB V1_R1 fit Red 35 E M13 LRGB V1_G1 fit Green 35 5 a aF B a E a cy l o a I CombineChannelTarget_1 fit RGB 50 2j ed O Combine LRGB LCMY HSL Lab Oo 3 M13 LRGB V1_B1 fit Blue 35 Selectimages 7 B Set ARTENES Scale C Red M13LRGB V1_R1 fit 10 R A o y 4 8 Reset C Greer M1 LRGB V1_G1 fit 10 E j 3 i 10 Reset C Blue MI LRGB V1_B1 fit zx 0 j 10 Reset 5 gt j C Luminance 1 0 07 a a o o 1 Asset Reset Al Sliders Clear Selection
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