overview of ashrae 62.2-2010 ventilation standard
Contents
1. add 7 5 cfm per person If there is fewer people then bedroom count you still need to meet the standard Example Occupant Density 4 1 1 4 1 1 Different Occupant Density Q The house that I have audited has 1627 sq ft and has two bedrooms There are four occupants What is the whole building ventilation rate A The default ventilation rate would be 1627 sq ft x 0 01 cfm 2 1 x 7 5 cfm but there are four people so 7 5 cfm would have to be added Infiltration Credit 4 1 3 e The purpose is to allow a reduction in the required ventilation rate e The ventilation standard assumes in addition to the mechanical ventilation an infiltration rate of 2 cfm per 100 of floor space This is based on a fairly tight house attention to detail with air sealing Building Leakage Test Test Results 1 Airflow at 50 Pascals 1383 CFM 50 Pa 0 2 w c 8 09 ACH 1 04 CFM per ft2 floor area 2 Leakage Areas 142 8 in2 Canadian EqLA 10 Pa 75 9 in2 LBL ELA 4 Pa 3 Minneapolis Leakage Ratio 4 Building Leakage Curve 0 00 CFM50 per ft2 surface area Flow Coefficient C 108 7 Exponent n 0 650 Assumed 5 Test Settings Test Standard CGSB Test Mode Depressurization Equipment Model 3 Minneapolis Blower Door infiltration Estimates 1 Estimated Average Annual Infiltration Rate 2 Estimated Design Infiltration Rate Winter Summer 3 Recommended Whole Building Mechanical Ventilation2. n wo 32 CP gone Tae was u DU wor e 2 et W o 44 obok znaj E a ee US i piece met w u mm roa u m aqugus Caa Scan Wooa ew 5 u mo ews a as toa m a m ca gt 5 uns ST 1 poce mod w ore w 109 w E Digas Banament STATE PRESSURE GOMES WATER CAC IN WO Dona Fern Pom cae Sting Ducted Fame OGN wy AIS 0 og ion STATE PRESSE OES MASTER CAGE Owa Fa Mr Dto 84 moz Cached fam 9 sz 8239 wz optan Anne lam 6 un wj wo tw Sate porwane Fare m 0 0 20 m wy two additional k tiora j ler at prase OMRON Pac Pd Le e dec Ad ate s GAT MOTE CHANGES IN RED RECENT BE VESSCHES TO THE WA CERTIFICO HOME VENTE ATENG PRODIICTS CARE CTORY TOWARD Pachpa meg eT de da s GAT MOTE CHICAS m MLD MERCANTE RECTA DO TH IAA CEFTFED HOME VENTILATING PRODUCTS DIRECTORY Equipment Selection BATH FANS KITCHEN HOODS INLINE FANS EXTERIOR MOUNTED FANS HRV ERV Exhaust Only Examples 1 Surface mounted bath fan 2 Remote mounted inline fan 3 Exterior mounted fan 4 Kitchen hood Surface Fan Exhaust Only Benefits gt Low cost gt Simple installation Drawbacks Fresh air comes from leaks in house Negative pressure issues Limited effectiveness in removing window condensation Uncomfortable drafts amp leaks Little or no fresh air distribution without furnace
3. Exhaust Fans 1 2 2 e These fans shall be rated for sound at a maximum of 3 0 Sone unless their maximum rated airflow exceeds 400 cfm Multi branch Exhaust Ducting 1 3 If there is more then one exhaust fan that uses common duct work back draft dampers need to be installed to prevent recirculation APPENDIX A EXISISTING BUILDINGS APPENDIX A EXISISTING BUILDINGS This is an alternative method for existing buildings to meet 62 2 In general the whole building ventilation rate as determined from section 4 1 ofthe standard is increased to compensate when it is impractical to provide kitchen or bathroom exhaust equipment APPENDIX A EXISISTING BUILDINGS e SECTION A2 Whole Building Mechanical Ventilation Rate e Two points 1 Increase the whole building ventilation when local can t be meet If building is leaky must be measured a reduction in ventilation may occur Initial Room Airflow Deficit A 3 1 This number is determined by comparing the exhaust flow of existing equipment and requirement of table 5 1 gt The measured or rated flow Example A C Determining the Initial Room Airflow Deficit Q An existing home has two bathrooms and a kitchen One bathroom has an exhaust fan which has a measured airflow of 37 cfm but no open able windows The other bathroom has no fan but does have a open able window The kitchen has an exhaust fan with a measured airflow of 62 cfm but no open able window Wh
4. Heater CAZ Testing e Acceptable BPI or equivalent methods of Combustion Air Zone CAZ testing need to used when natural draft equipment is with in the stucture Combustion and Solid fuel Burning Appliances 6 4 e This calculation is applicable when atmospherically vented combustion or a solid fuel burning appliance is located with in the pressure boundary When the net flow of the two largest exhaust fans exceeds 15 cfm 100sq ft or 15 X sq ft of occupiable space the following needs to occur gt The net exhaust flow needs to reduced gt Outdoor make up air is needed to be supplied to house gt Combination of both Exhaust only Air Tightness Requirements 6 5 1 Garages Garages attached to the house Prevent migration of contaminates entering the house Air sealing needs to occur at common air leakage areas Doors between garages and occupiable spaces shall be gasketed Air Tightness Requirements 6 5 2 Space Conditioning system ducts All air distribution joints outside the pressure boundary shall be sealed e Air distribution systems shall not serve both occupiable spaces and garage area If duct work is out side of the pressure boundary it can not leak more then of 6 of total airflow when measured at 1 wc 25pa Air Tightness Requirements 6 5 2 Space Conditioning system ducts Leakage tests must be in accordance with California Title 24 2001 or equivalent e Method D of ANSI
5. Local Exhaust 5a Local Exhaust Required for Half Bath Q The house I am working in has two and a half baths Is local exhaust required for the half bath A No Local exhaust is required only for bathrooms with a tub shower or other moisture producing sources Local Exhaust 5 1 e Type of local exhaust systems gt Ceiling exhaust fan gt Interior or exterior mounted exhaust fan gt Vented range hood combination hood microwave gt Exhaust grill from a HRV ERV gt Remote mounted inline fan gt Consideration must be taken if the fan is labeled for use in cooking areas The label or printing might say Not for use in cooking areas this area is typically defined by a set of lines extended at a 45 degree angle outward and upward from the cook top Surface mounted exhaust fan Combination Ventilation Microwave Exhaust grill in kitchen bath from HRV ERV or Inline Fan Example Local Exhaust 5 8 Acceptable Ceiling Fan for Cooking Area Q I purchased a ceiling fan planning to use it to provide intermittent exhaust in a kitchen don t see a label indicating that it is approved for use in a cooking area How do know if it is acceptable A Check the packaging for a label or printing that says Not for use in cooking areas or something similar There is no labeling that says a fan is approved for use in a cooking area only if it is not approved Intermittent Local Exhaust 5 2 e The airf
6. Rate based on ASHRAE 62 2 65 9 CFM 0 39 ACH 22 0 CFM per person 102 0 CFM 0 60 ACH 55 6 CFM 0 33 ACH 16 0 CFM Cost Estimates 1 Estimated Cost of Air Leakage for Heating 2 Estimated Cost of Air Leakage for Cooling Infiltration Credit 4 1 3 If the house has been tested and has a high infiltration rate then the required mechanical rate can be reduced e The reduction is one half the difference between the measured infiltration and the default infiltration e The calculation is as follows CFM CFM from the table 4 1 5 x Measured Infiltration in CFM sq ft 0 02 cfm sq ft x floor area sq ft System Type 4 2 e The ventilation system is intended to provide adequate mechanical ventilation whenever the home is occupiable This means system must be capable of providing desired ventilation 24 hours a day 365 days a year System Type 4 2 e The ventilation system can be 1 Exhaust only 2 Supply only 3 A combination of supply and exhaust this may or may not include a heat and or energy recovery ventilator Listing in HVI 1a CERTIFIED VENTILATING FAN PRODUCTS Section 1 55 won sum OO sum wana Ver w m Vem STO A W 4 ape a Z Feed i Rama Bata nerwy Moura Voters rami BF Wa Mon His ne 4 wwa w m roa u w LSe 1 Wucht MM tanp W 1 wy 8 m a oe w Ri name w w we 1 Boca Lihat ama sl motets wu 2 oor e 10
7. blower operating in line Fan Exhaust Only Benefits Moderate cost gt Helps reduce window condensation Can be upgraded to HRV ERV ventilation systems Drawbacks gt Fresh air comes from leaks in house gt Negative pressure issues gt Uncomfortable drafts and leaks gt Little or no fresh air distribution without furnace blower operating a Exterior Side Wall Fan Kitchen hood that s Continuous Quiet and Automatic Supply Only e Supply only ventilation in the northern climate is not very practicalor common Various methods and installation types have been tried with poor results Two installation types 1 Aductcould be hard connected to the return of an air handler furnace 2 Adedicated supply fan could pull in outside air and supply it into the dwelling Supply only ventilation Outside air ducted into the return Supply Only a lot of wiring Combination Balanced Ventilation A common and accepted ventilation system for northern climates is Heat Recovery Ventilation Energy Recovery Ventilation 1 These systems can do both whole building and local exhaust depending unit and duct design 2 These system have two air streams that are fairly equal making the system balanced to avoid either pressurization or depressurization General Ventilation One Story HRV 2 Hoods Ducted To The Outside Balanced HRV ERV HRV ERV Vo
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9. ASTM E1554 is specially cited as an equivalent test procedure Minimum Filtration 6 7 Merv rating of 6 or better needs to be used for mechanical systems that supply air to occupiable spaces e Outdoor air needs to be filtered This filtration requirement applies to air handling heating and cooling systems with 10 feet of duct work or more Air Inlets 6 8 When the ventilation system is designed with an air inlets they shall not be any closer then 10 feet known source of contamination Some of those source include Exhaust hoods Stack Chimneys u Were vehicles might idle for a significant time Barbeque grills Vents from combustion appliances Section 7 Air Moving Equipment Air Moving Equipment 7 1 e 7 1 Selection and Installation There is several rating and standards that 7 1 refers to they look at sound performance air flow and aerodynamics of air moving equipment e You must review and follow manufacture s installation instruction Sound Rating for Fans 7 2 The sound requirement applies to surface mounted fans e An exception to the sound requirement would be these type of systems gt HRV ERVS gt Inline fans gt Remote fans gt HVAC air handlers These system need to have at least 4 feet of ductwork between the fan and the intake grille Whole Building or Continuous Ventilation Fans 7 2 1 e These fans shall be rated for sound at a maximum of 1 0 Sone Intermittent Local
10. OVERVIEW OF ASHRAE 62 2 2010 VENTILATION STANDARD MIKE D WILSON DAKOTA SUPPLY GROUP 62 2 vs Minnesota Energy Code 1322 Your group utility agency may have adopted 62 2 2010 This discussion is not the MN code that applies to new construction we have had a mechanical ventilation code since 2000 e They are similar in nature but not the same e Check with your local or state code inspection personal to see what applies to your project Building Science Basics e Heat e Air e Moisture tt aie a UJ system air moisture and heat all interact Why Ventilate e People pollutants human respiration primarily coz body odor water vapor e Building pollutants VOC s combustion gases radon water vapor e Activity pollutants VOC s water vapor odors Goals of Mechanical Ventilation To provide an efficient exchange of air system design specification and installation To control moisture identification of sources To provide improved indoor air quality collection removal and replacement of air Section 1 Purpose 1 Defines the roles of the minimum requirement for mechanical and natural ventilation systems 2 Intended to provide acceptable indoor air quality in low rise residential buildings Section 2 Scope Type of Building Section 2 All residential spaces for human occupancy Single family houses Multi family up to 3 stories Key word i
11. acent Spaces 6 1 e The intent of the standard is to use air from outside for ventilation e Measurements shall be taken to minimize air movement across the building shell separating dwelling unit and to dwelling unit garages unconditioned crawl spaces and unconditioned attic Supply and balanced ventilation system shall provide ventilation air from the outdoors Instructions and Labeling 6 2 Information instructions on what the ventilation system is supposed to do and how to operate it shall be provided to the owner and occupant e Controls shall be labeled as to their function no specific wording is mandated Clothes Dryers 6 3 e Clothes dryers shall be exhausted directly to the outdoors Combustion and Solid fuel Burning Appliances 6 4 e This part of the standard discuses atmospherically natural draft appliances and prevention back drafting e Proper appliance installation according to the code or standard and manufactures installation should provide a good margin of safety for protection against back drafting Combustion and Solid fuel Burning Appliances 6 4 e Typical vented combustion appliances include furnaces boilers water heaters gas or wood fire places and wood stoves These system must be provide with adequate combustion and ventilation air and vented in accordance with manufactures installation instructions Natural draft 70 efficient FIRE PLACES Backdrafting Water
12. andard is silent on how the floor area is measured here is a few ideas 1 2 Measure outside of house higher air flow Measure inside of house including hallways and closets lower airflow Areas that are conditioned and intended for human occupancy including basements Not including attics or crawl spaces The listing that a realtor uses when home is for sale Example Floor Area Determination of floor area Q An existing story and a half house that has a conditioned upper level and a basement that has one heat supply in it Does the basement need to be included in the ventilation calculation A Yes Basements are considered occupiable and conditioned Ventilation Sizing Formula Ventilation Rate 4 1 e CFM 0 01 x Floor area 7 5 number of bedrooms 1 OR e CFM Floor area 100 number of Bedrooms 1 x 7 5 e The standard requires 7 5 cfm per occupant plus 0 01 cfm per square foot of floor area 1 cfm per 100 square ft Standard Sizing Table TABLE 4 1 I P Ventilation Air Requirements cfm Floor Area ft2 Bedrooms lt 1500 1501 3000 3001 4500 4501 6000 6001 7500 gt 7500 This chart came out of ASHRAE Standard 62 2 2012 Users Manual DIFFERENT OCCUPANT DENSITY 4 1 1 The standard assumes that two people will be in the first bedroom That one person will be in each additional bedroom If the actual occupancy is known and is higher then the standard the ventilation rate must
13. at is the Initial Room Airflow deficit for each room A For the bathrooms Table 5 1 requires an exhaust capacity of 50 cfm 100 cfm is required for the kitchen The Initial Room Airflow Deficit is the required airflow from Table 5 1 minus the airflow of the existing fan For the first bathroom this value is 13 cfm 50 cfm 37 cfm For the other bathroom the Initial Room Airflow Deficit is 50 cfm 50 0 For the kitchen it is 38 cfm 100 62 The open able window in bathroom two is not included in determining the Initial Room Airflow Deficit but will be used later for the Window Opening Credit Window Opening Credit A 3 2 e One credit per room Kitchen or Bathroom 20 cfm reduction per room Kitchen or Bathroom if it has an openable window Required Additional Airflow A 3 2 The final step in the calculating the adjusted mechanical ventilation rate is to add the Initial Room Airflow Deficit for each kitchen or bathroom subtract 20 cfm for each of those rooms with an openable window then divide that total by four Then go to step 4 in the next slide APPENDIX A EXISISTING BUILDINGS Add initial room air deficit for applicable kitchens and bathrooms Subtract 20 cfm for each kitchen and bathroom with an open able window Divide the total by four The results is the required additional airflow Add to the whole building mechanical ventilation rate determined in Section 4 1 Deduct the infiltration cre
14. cle of the system 3 This means that during a 24 hour period the amount of air flow cfm would be the same regardless if the system ran continuously or intermittently Example control option 4 G Control Options Q I plan to use a bathroom exhaust fan to provide the ventilation for a house The fan is designed to be operated by a typical wall switch Do I need to put a label on the wall plate to comply with the requirement that controls be appropriately labeled Yes If the exhaust fan were serving only the local exhaust requirements for the bathroom then a label would not be required Since the fan is providing whole building ventilation a label is needed to inform the occupant of that Speed control and delay timer LOA One iv SU p yossino ap eudz EJF SUOIJJTUJSU 5 VON oljejlelsul HRV ERV Control New Control Systems New easy to use programmable thermostats Attractive Easier to use Programmable Fan Circulate Fan Mode Delivered Ventilation 4 5 When using a combination ventilation balanced system a HRV ERV or dedicated supply exhaust system the ventilation rate is the larger of the two air streams The air flow rates cannot be added together to get credit for a higher ventilation rate Very Cold Climates 4 6 2 In northern climates there is a limitation to supply only ventilation due to potential pressurization The supply air f
15. dit determined in section 4 1 3 Thank you for your time DAKOTA SUPPLY GROUP e To be the leading supplier of quality products and services for durable energy efficient and healthier homes www dakotasupplygroup com e Toll Free 800 652 9784
16. l must be provided to the occupant Ventilation Rate 5 3 2 e This section simply requires the ventilation rate be met by airflow rate shown on table 5 2 or gt Kitchen needs 5 air changes per hour based on kitchen volume gt Bathroom needs 20 cfm Ventilation Rate 5 3 2 e The minimum delivered ventilation shall be at least the amount indicated in table 5 2 during each hour of operation Airflow Measurement 5 4 To make sure that the standard is met it is required that the installed fan be measured for airflow The measurement must be made using a flow hood flow grid or airflow measuring device Airflow Measurement 5 4 e Exception If the airflow rating meets or exceeds the required airflow when measured at 0 25 w g and meets the prescriptive requirements of table 5 3 in the standard or manufacturer s design criteria The Home Ventilation Institute HVI web site has listing of hundred of products and there performance www hvi org Check it out Section 6 Other Requirements 6 1 6 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 6 5 1 6 5 2 Index for Section 6 ADJACENT SPACES INSTRUCTIONS AND LABELING CLOTHES DRYERS COMBUSTION AND SOLID FUEL BURNING APPLIANCES AIRTIGHTNESS REQUIREMENTS GARAGES SPACE CONDITIONING SYSTEM DUCTS 6 6 6 6 1 6 2 2 6 7 6 8 6 8 1 Index for Section 6 VENTILATION OPENING AREA HABITABLE SPACES TOILETS AND UTILITY ROOMS MINIMUM FILTRATION AIR INLETS VENTILATION OPENING Adj
17. low into the dwelling cannot be greater then 7 5 cfm per 100 square feet of floor area Section 5 Local Exhaust SAI 5 2 5 2 1 3 2 2 5 3 5 3 1 3 3 2 5 4 Index for Section 5 LOCAL MECHANICAL EXHAUST INTERMITTENT LOCAL EXHAUST CONTROL AND OPERATION VENTILATION RATE CONTINUOUS MECHANICAL EXHAUST CONTROL AND OPERATION VENTILATION RATE AIRFLOW MEASUREMENT TABLE 5 1 Intermittent Local Ventilation Exhaust Airflow Rates Application Airflow Notes Kitchen 100 cfm Vented range hood including appliance range combinations required if exhaust fan flow rate is less than 5 air changes per hour Bathroom 50 cfm TABLE 5 2 Continuous Local Ventilation Exhaust Airflow Rates Application Airflow Notes Kitchen 5 air changes per hour Based on kitchen volume Bathroom 20 cfm This chart came out of ASHRAE Standard 62 2 2012 User s Manual Local Exhaust 5 1 Local mechanical exhaust shall be installed in each kitchen and bathroom This part of the standard shall be met in either of the following two ways a Intermittent mechanical exhaust system b Continuous mechanical exhaust system Local Exhaust 5 1 e The standard defines a kitchen and a bathroom as follows a A kitchen as any room that contains cooking appliances b A bathroom are rooms containing bathtubs showers spa or other source that produce moisture Note a room that only has a toilet and a sink is not required to have mechanical exhaust Example
18. low requirement for intermittent ventilation is gt This is from table 5 1 in the ASHREA 62 2 2010 users guide gt Kitchen 100 cfm vented range hood including appliance range hood combinations required if exhaust fan flow rate is less then 5 kitchen air changes per hour gt Bathroom 50 cfm Intermittent Local Exhaust 5 2 The standard requires that intermittent exhaust fans be designed to be operated by the occupant e This means the control be accessible and obvious Control and Operation 5 2 1 e Control and operation The choice of the control is left up to the designer Common controls include Manual switch multi speed controls delay shutoff function humidistat occupant sensors combine switching Ventilation Rate 5 2 2 5 2 2 Ventilation Rate Simply meet table 5 1 The kitchen exhaust requirement can be met with e Ceiling exhaust fan Interior or exterior mounted exhaust fan Vented range hood combination hood microwave Exhaust grill from a HRV ERV or inline fan e But not recirculating range hood Continuous Mechanical Exhaust 5 3 e The standard allows the designer to install a local exhaust system that operates continuously and automatically e The continuously local exhaust may be a part of the whole building ventilation system Control and Operation 5 3 1 e The system shall be designed to operate during all occupied hours e Readily assessable override contro
19. lume Duct Design HRV ERV Volume Duct Design Method One Return Supply Method Two Return Return gt Oc L Q O m U Combination Balanced Ventilation e System designs that have been balanced ventilation in our climate without heat or energy recovery 1 Have been tried with poor IAQ and thermal performance 2 Difficult to wire and control Great Homeowner dissatisfaction Airflow Measurement 4 3 e The standard requires that whole building ventilation be measured after installation to verify cfm of the installation This applies to all types of whole building ventilation e Verification does not apply to Local Exhaust in Section 5 CFM flow testing CFM FLOW HOOD Control and Operation 4 4 e Two main requirements 1 System has an override control which is readily accessible to the occupant The occupant has the choice to operate the ventilation system or not 2 Section 4 1 is the rate for continuously operating system The exception to this is the system may run intermittently Control and Operation 4 4 Intermittent fan operation 1 Air flow values from section 4 1 shall be provided during each hour of operation implying that the ventilation system runs continuously 2 The exception to this is that the system can run intermittently based on a timer keep in mind when system runs it will be at a larger airflow to compensate for the off cy
20. s intended for human occupancy The Standard and Residential Spaces Section 2 Covered space that people normally enter include e Living rooms e Bedrooms e Kitchens e Bathrooms e Hallways e Closets e Store rooms e Laundries e Basement Standard and Residential Spaces Other spaces within the building are not covered these areas are listed below e Attics Crawl spaces NOTE These spaces are not included in the ventilation calculation Section 3 Definitions ASHREA Standard 62 2 2010 e Section 3 of the actual standard has definitions not the user guide Methods of Ventilation e Continuous Sometimes referred to as general central or whole house ventilation Should be quiet low volume and simple to operate e Intermittent Sometimes referred to as spot local or source point ventilation Commonly used in bathroom kitchen laundry hobby and home office Should remove excessive moisture and pollutants quickly Ideally an airtight home designed with both continuous and intermittent ventilation will contribute to a healthy and comfortable living environment for the entire family Section 4 Whole Building Ventilation 4 1 4 1 1 4 1 3 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 2 Index for Section 4 VENTILATION RATE DIFFERENT OCCUPANT DENSITY INFILTRATION CREDIT SYSTEM TYPES AIRFLOW MEASUREMENT CONTROL AND OPERATION DELIVERED VENTILATION VERY COLD CLIMATES How to Measure the Floor Area e The st
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