Manual for AVI-Mux GUI
Contents
1. as WAV file only after this verification has failed for all 3 stream types in that range This can take a few seconds 3 1 2 Importing AAC files If you import AAC files with ADTS packing this is the usual format of AAC files there is no reliable way to determine if the file is LC AAC or HE AAC Usually files with a sample rate of not more than 24 kHz are HE AAC files with higher sample rates are LC AAC however this is only a rule over the thumb Encoders usually require you to select the AAC profile when encoding so you know if a file you encoded is HE AAC or LC AAC and can select the correct profile manually if the wrong one is determined by the rule mentioned above Right click on a stream and select or deselect SBR 3 1 3 Adding stream sources Pure audio files and pure subtitle files are added as data source when you add them file types that can contain several streams aren t You can change this behaviour for pure audio files for example if you wish to append two or more audio files You cannot yet change this for pure subtitle files If you want to add the streams in a file as data source and if you don t want to append two or more files you can simply double click on the file If you want to append several files you have to select those files by holding the CTRL key while clicking on the files and then AVI Mux GUI Manual v1 17 8 you have to click generate data source from files You can remove files which2. from any audio file you add You have to disable this if you want to concatenate several audio files e language You can change the language of the interface You can choose languages installed in the languages amg file e save configuration Creates a script file that when loading it will reload the cur rently loaded files and will recreate the currently created stream sources with stream names language codes etc If chapters are configured an additional chapter XML file will be created The script file will automatically load this chapter file e File title For AVI files this will be the file title for MKV files it will be the segment 11 AVI Mux GUI Manual v1 17 8 title Note that AVI file titles are stored in ANSI encoding whereas MKV segment titles are stored in UTF 8 encoding Consequently MKV segment titles can contain virtually all characters except for klingon e Resolution When creating MKV files you can enter the resolution the video is to be resized to on replay You can also enter cropping information The easiest way to explain how is probably a bunch of examples 720x304 2 35 1 or 640X480 are possible resolutions 4 8 12 16 will crop 4 pixels from the left 8 pixels from the top 12 pixels from the right and 16 pixels from the bottom 4 8 716 296 will keep the area between 4 8 and 716 296 If you want to use resizing and cropping you have to indicate resolution cropping If you want to indicate c
3. in the hex viewer directly below the tree In the EBML tree the element ID itself will be displayed in red the size integer will be displayed in blue the element binary data in green In the RIFF tree the 26 AVI Mux GUI Manual E RIFF Tree f LIST strl f LIST odml JUNK E LIST INFO LIST movi 4 LIST LIST LIST LIST LIST LIST LIST LIST LIST LIST LIST ix00 ix01 ix02 ix03 ix04 ix05 1 079 872 15 170 80 596 99 212 108 336 103 414 113 100 110 954 115 238 108 988 111 144 106 244 944 1 624 1 624 848 1 672 624 65 536 80 714 161 318 260 538 368 882 472 304 585 412 696 374 811 620 920 616 1 031 768 1 138 020 1 138 972 1 140 604 1 142 236 1 143 092 1 144 772 OOOOFFEO OOOOFFFO 00010000 00010010 00010020 00010030 00010040 00010050 31 00 54 00 00 00 FB ic 38 4c 42 FF 00 00 0B 1E 34 53 00 94 00 00 7c 1 23 31 54 00 64 00 00 60 26 3A 40 72 00 00 58 00 28 4B 69 62 00 00 11 6 18 41 17 JUNK LIST Z movi LISTB rec Olwb Figure 7 The RIFF Tree first ID of a structure that means either the chunk ID or the LIST marker will be displayed in red the following four byte size value will be displayed in blue in the case of lists the list ID following the size value will be red and the rest of the element in green Data outside the currently selected elemen
4. kbps VBR 5 Ch 48kHz 325 MByte ger Deutsch AC3 Y audio DTS 752 kbps VBR 5 Ch 48kHz 638 MByte ger Deutsch DTS M subtitle Vobsub eng English compression zlib Y subtitle Vobsub ger Deutsch compression zlib subtitle Vobsub ger Deutsch forced compression zlib a e E loaded file V SampleFiles MKV The Day After Tomorrow mkv Figure 1 AVI Mux GUI s main window AVI Mux GUI is a tool allowing to create AVI and Matroska files from different sources offering a couple of special settings and possibilities such as muxing with lower overhead or muxing AAC audio into AVI in a way totally compliant to the AVI file specification In Figure 1 you can see its main window where you can import source files and handle basic properties of streams such as selecting streams to be activated by default or defining the title and language of a stream 1 1 Features e File format parsers and muxers are written from scratch No third party file format parsers or muxers are used all have been written from scratch This way file AVI Mux GUI Manual v1 17 8 format support doesn t depend on third party bugs and possible bugs are easier to fix e Repair common errors in AVI files Some tools are doing weird things to AVI files The most common ones can be repaired some even without recreating the entire file e Low overhead mode for AVI files Support for muxing Open D
5. pos 3 239 BE 27 1A 3329 AF 71 41 29 6B C3 D5 719 Duration header 3 bytes data 8 bytes pos 3 258 7115840 00 MuxingApp header 3 bytes data 55 bytes pos 3 269 matroska muxer by Alexander Noe build d Void header 9 bytes data 301 bytes pos 3 327 binary Chapters header 6 bytes data 4 459 bytes pos 3 637 master CRC32 passed as in RA aa A R n 00000C30 00000C40 00000C50 00000C60 7 0 The Day After 00000C70 7 TomorrowWA AVI 00000CE0 Mux GUI 1 17 4 3 00000C9O Nov 22 2005 1 00000CA0 6 30 593H0 3 Figure 6 The EBML Tree Those features allow you to look at the lower level file structure of AVI WAV and Matroska files either to get a better understanding of those files types or to help finding out why a certain file doesn t work or isn t played back correctly The structures are created asyn chronously meaning that the window opens immediately and that you can close them and abort building the structure whenever you wish However note that a completely built tree structure of a large AVI or Matroska file can require hundreds of megabytes of memory Also note that opening the RIFF Tree view immediately starts building the entire tree This requires to perform a lot of memory allo cations and more importantly when closing it a large number of memory deallocations Thus closing those trees can takes several seconds Elements you select in the EBML or RIFF tree will be highlighted
6. AVI Mux GUI Manual v1 17 8 September 12 2008 Alexander No alex alexander noe com Contents 1 Introduction Ve RO ACU OS ya ocd one Sti GA See eke Ge hte we Se he oy ee ee Rh ee oles 1 2 What AVI Mux GUI is not 0 20 be eee eae 1 3 Why the name AVI Mux GUI 120 2 ee ee ev ee ee ew ES Getting started Dele RE GUICMEIUS s G at set iad AR A RR ie hw Baie se pew Gk 2 2 Installation eek Ae we ew Oe ae ew Oe nH Sete A WOMICKSCAEE lt i Fag nly ghar gas ets O No RCT GE WS The Main Window 3 1 Source Files and Source Streams ta A a a AW 3 LT Filetypeidentification A A O 3 1 2 Importing AAG files a a e ows 3 1 3 Adding stream sources e bra a ade a Sule Fileord r A II Rig Sen de eee a Oe ae oe tg Sco Siteamvorder wishes aoe hh eS eee ae eee ESS AER ALES 3 1 6 Extracing Streams lt 4 ule gwar a ala Gee Bla AAA 3 17 Default Streams tea e wae A ee oe As ae es ee EN SO DEV hd nok ane A Ae Sask She he ae ee ae aie a 3 1 97 Streami Names a ir E E BA RANE Ae Go s S LLO Language Codes eck cig bole as ee SH a RGR ee ew A Se 3 2 Settings and Commands in the mainwindow Settings 4 1 General Input Settings ed a a AS amp we WES WE SSE TS EA 4 2 Format Specific Input Settings A he Sew EO 4 2 1 Mode 2 Form 2 files ahaaa Adela MP3 amp p oaen a a a ete AS ADS PNAS Ss ots A 4 37 General Output Setin gs 408 AR a Aa ee o A ote ge alone a OTe tah G ale we oe aa eS ee
7. Extracing Streams You can right click on an audio or subtitle streams If AVI Mux GUI supports extraction of that stream to a separate file the corresponding menu item will show up 3 1 7 Default Streams A default stream is a stream that a player is supposed to play per default Thus there will usually be one default audio stream and none or one default subtitle stream AVI Mux GUI also allows to use weird default stream settings like choosing several audio or subtitle streams as default streams however note that a player might ignore such settings or behave otherwise weirdly AVI Mux GUI Manual v1 17 8 3 1 8 Delays When selecting an audio stream a delay edit field shows up You can enter a delay posi tive or negative by which the audio stream should be delayed When muxing to MKV the value you type there is simply added to the time codes The stream itself is not modified Consequently when muxing to MKV you cannot use a delay below 30 000 time units see TimecodeScale setting on page 20 If you mux to AVI the beginning of the stream is removed to compensate for a negative delay In order to compensate for a positive delay either silence is added when a silence file is available otherwise the first few milliseconds of the stream are duplicated as often as necessaty Sometimes a delay is automatically set for a source stream This happens when e an AVI file with an AC3 MP3 DTS stream has garbage data at the begin
8. ML AVI files having 1 2 of the overhead of normal Open DML files and only 1 3 1 2 of the overhead of AVI files made for example with VirtualDub Those files are compatible to Microsoft s AVI splitter MPC s AVI splitter and Haali Media Splitter e Read support for ffmpeg s Vorbis in AVI implementation AVI Mux GUI can read AVI files with Vorbis audio created by ffmpeg Although those files are technically not violating the AVI file specification the way Vorbis init packets are stored requires a little bit of extra support for such files e Support for Mode 2 Form 2 files Files stored on CDs in Mode 2 Form 2 format are directly supported for reading e Supports AAC in AVI AVI Mux GUI is the first tool to allow muxing AAC audio in cluding HE AAC into the AVI container This is backward compatible to the AVI file specification and works with common splitters like Microsoft s AVI splitter Gabest s AVI splitter and Haali Media Splitter An AAC decoder is of course necessary just like you need an XVID decoder to play an XVID video e Easy file splitting You can easily split files by time or by size e SSA and SRT subtitle support SSA and SRT subtitles can be muxed into AVI and MKV including splitting and joining including joining of SSA subtitles of which the style definitions colide and need to be changed accordingly e Own cache An own cache system makes muxing faster especially when the source and target drive is the same ph
9. The file format specification does not explicitely require that a chunk header be stored before a video or audio frame Thus the following interpretation is possible One RIFF data chunk contains several frames of the same stream and there is one index entry per frame pointing to different locations inside the same chunk The AVI header allows to set a flag called AVIF_MUSTUSEINDEX When this flag is set the index must be used to retrieve the position and size of video audio chunks thus this flag avoids that a parser stumbles over those RIFF structure chunk containing several frames at once With a little bit of good will AVIF_MUSTUSEINDEX being set means that the in dex actually defines what a chunk is especially since index entries have members like dwChunkSize If then an AVI parser respects this flag it can read such files Since this method reduces the overhead by almost 50 compared to normal Open DML files they are called low overhead files Microsoft s AVI splitter can read such files as well as MPC s AVI splitter and Haali Media Splitter 17 AVI Mux GUI Manual v1 17 8 4 4 3 Audio Interleaving Audio interleave defines how video and audio data is organized within the file With a correctly working player splitter audio interleave doesn t matter however many players especially hardware MPEG4 players are rather picky here and require proper settings Audio interleave If you select a certain number of fra
10. according to the chunk header and use that size if it is reasonable force MP3 streams to VBR When loading AVI files with MP3 CBR audio it will be con sidered VBR change dwFourCC DX50 to divx Someone introduced a fourcc value if DX50 with divX 5 When enabled the fourcc will be changed to divx during muxing 4 2 4 MKV import chapters When enabled chapters in MKV files you add as data source are im ported otherwise they are ignored 4 3 General Output Settings The setting described here concern generic file handling and not special aspects of AVI or Matroska files 14 AVI Mux GUI Manual v1 17 8 4 3 1 File Access unbuffered writing When enabled the windows file cache will not be used when writing files This avoids that it gets filled with data you most likely don t want or need in it namely the file you are going to mux asynchronous mode When enabled output files are opened in overlapped mode meaning that Windows may or may not block a thread that performs a read or write operation until it s finished instead of always blocking it when this setting is disabled This can speed up muxing use separate thread When enabled a separate thread will be created to perform input and output operations on output files Note that this setting automatically disables asyn chronous mode because it doesn t make sense to combine both of them Those are two different approaches to achieve exac
11. course be part of an ordered edition 5 2 Usage Of The Editor Adding a new edition or chapter If you want to add a new chapter on the same level as the chapter currently selected use the Ins key If you want to add a subchapter to a chapter or a chapter to an edition use the subchapter button Deleting a chapter You can delete a chapter using the Del button Deleting a chapter or edition will automatically delete all its subchapters and the current version of AVI Mux GUI has no undo function in the chapter editor Change start end time Use F2 to edit a chapter entry and simply type a new start and end time separated by a A time can be indicated in various ways like 1h13m17s or 1 17 17 or even 73m17 Adding a new title Select lt new gt choose a language code should be unique for one 24 AVI Mux GUI Manual v1 17 8 chapter and type the new title If the language code you want to use is not in the list ei ther type it manually or add it to the list of language codes in the file language_codes txt if you plan to use it more often 5 3 Importing and Exporting Files You can import chapter definitions from Matroska files and you can add a segment of another Matroska file as chapter by drag and dropping it into the chapter editor and you can load DVD Maestro chapter files You can save the contents of the chapter editor in two different file formats e XML Three files are created one that can be used w
12. de Set it to Windows XP SP2 Future versions of AVI Mux GUI might automatically enable the compatibility mode on Windows Vista 2 2 Installation AVI Mux GUI doesn t come with a bloated installer that is twice as big as the software itself Simply download it and decompress the archive to a folder of your choice Doing this you must maintain the folder structure i e you must not use any flat mode setting in the decompression tool Do NOT modify the folder structure A file language_codes txt and languages amg must be present in the same folder as the executeable file otherwise AVI Mux GUI will refuse to launch I ve received problem reports saying that AVI Mux GUI didn t want to start up After asking some questions it turned out that a few users appearently tried to run AVI Mux GUI from within the archive file This does not work either The file languages amg contains a list of language files to be loaded If you want to install 9 AVI Mux GUI Manual v1 17 8 a new language file you have to add it to that list and change the number of languages files to be loaded accordingly This should be obvious when you open that file in a text editor The language system is made in a way allowing users to translate them without having to touch the source code If you unpack v1 17 8 over an existing version v1 17 5 you should delete the file gui amg xm1 This file contains information about the last window size and windo
13. ed one after the other Also several titles can be stored for each chapter or edition E Chapters Syntax from till Use F2 to edit items in the chapter tree Use the Ins key to add a new chapter on the same level as the selected chapter and PgUp PgDn to move chapters up or down Use Del to delete a chapter Edition 97F9045D31348BA1 ordered not default gt 3x17 That Which Survives Edition FC205595D8B17A88 ordered default gt Star Trek 3x12 3x17 enabled 00 00 00 000 00 48 35 000 gt 3x12 The Empath enabled 00 00 00 000 00 48 40 160 gt 3x13 Elaan Of Troyius enabled 00 00 00 000 00 48 39 920 gt 3x14 Whom Gods Destroy enabled 00 00 00 000 00 48 37 880 gt 3x15 Let That Be Your Last Battlefield enabled 00 00 00 000 00 48 36 080 gt 3x16 The Mark Of Gideon enabled 00 00 00 000 00 48 38 520 gt 3x17 That Which Survives Language Title eng 3x14 Whom Gods Destroy ger 3x14 Wen die G tter zerst ren 3x14 La col re des dieux fre French v 3x14 La col re des dieux ChapterSegmentUID A7 CD 04 B3 BE 45 7E 0E CF 24 75 D3 88 FA 84 98 Chapter Edition UID E6 08 44 39 27 E301 19 Figure 5 AVI Mux GUIs chapter editor usually one title for each language 5 1 Editions and Chapters 5 1 1 Editions An edition is a list of chapters Such a list of chapters can have two different meanings It can be a bunch of entry points into a movie as you know it
14. eded during muxing for each Cluster so that excessively small clusters also increase memory usage The default setting is 512 kBytes maximum cluster length You can choose the maximum time over which a cluster should span forward relative to its first block If you select 10 ku 10 000 units a block in the cluster could still have a timecode as early as 15 000 units not earlier than 32 767 units because this is a general limitation of a Cluster AVI Mux GUI creates a new cluster when depassing 30 000 but a new Cluster is created when adding a block later than 10 000 time units after the first block of the cluster One time unit is defined via TimecodeScale 19 AVI Mux GUI Manual v1 17 8 The maximum settings is 30ku for Matroska v1 v2 and 60ku for freestyle files Although a setting of 60ku does not really break the specification it is discouraged to use this When setting it to a value higher than 30ku you can choose or not to limit the first cluster of the file to 30ku Earlier versions of MediaPlayer Classic required this to work correctly with such files Writing Position Prevsize Clusters have a mechanism allowing for easier resynchronisa tion in case data is broken By writing the position of the Cluster itself into the cluster as well as the size of the previous cluster there is additional information available useful for resychronisation Those values are useless for correct data Index Clusters in SeekHead When e
15. from DVDs Such an edition 23 AVI Mux GUI Manual v1 17 8 is not ordered On the contrary an edition which is interpreted as a playlist is called ordered An ordered edition can point into the file itself as well as into another file Such a playlist allows to emulate multiple angles or for example a multi part episode where the user can choose or not to see intro and outtro after each part The edition being marked as default edition is selected by the splitter or player when loading the file Editions that are hidden are not accessible via the user interface but might be available using other means of navigation 5 1 2 Chapters The ChapterSegmentUID of a chapter defines which Segment the start and end time of that chapter refer to The file containing that segment must be in the same folder as the file of which a chapter refers to that segment When using Haali Media Splitter a file being referred to this way must have only one segment ChapterSegmentUID can only be used with chapters inside an ordered edition While the end time of a chapter inside an unordered edition meaning that the chapter only defines an entry point into a segment does obviously not matter the end time is mandatory for a chapter inside an ordered edition You can copy the SegmentUID of a file to the ChapterSegmentUID edit field by simply drag and dropping it onto that edit field A hidden chapter is not accessible via the user interface but can of
16. io streams you can also select whether CuePoints are to be created always or only when no video streams is muxed along with the audio stream Minimum Cue Interval The minimum interval between 2 CuePoints in milliseconds There is no point in including 2 frames of the same stream in the index if they are very 20 AVI Mux GUI Manual v1 17 8 close since this won t really accelerate seeking kB per stream and hour When the index is supposed to precede Clusters the required space must be reserved before actually writing any Cluster Here you can indicate how much space is to be reserved for one hour of one stream Target Size Ratio During muxing a set of CuePoints is created according to the minimum cue point interval Obviously it can happen that the space reserved for Cues is not enough to hold all those cue points In this case the cue points to be dropped are chosen randomly The probability to keep one cue point could simply be set to z ee e tao Men the resulting set of cue points would be about as large as the available free space however the chances for it to be larger would be 50 the chances for 7 consecutive attempts to fail would still be 1 which could be annoying the for the user Thus the probability is l ilabl target_size_rati aes instead set to HET 212 reducing the probability for a failure 1000 total_size_of_cue_points Auto Cue Size chooses whether or not to use the mechanism described above
17. ipe stream headers when possible Some compression formats include a frame header 21 AVI Mux GUI Manual v1 17 8 i e a sequence of bytes found at the beginning of each frame For example MPEG4 ASP frames always begin with 00 00 01 B6 Storing those bytes for each frame is obviously redundant By enabling this setting a mechanism is used to delete these redundant frame headers This gains 4 bytes per frame for MPEG4 ASP 1 byte per frame for MP3 2 bytes per frame for AC3 and 4 bytes per frame for DTS Considering that a DTS frame typi cally has a duration of only 10 666 milliseconds this means you can save 1 byte per 2 66 milliseconds which is equal to 366 bytes per second for one DTS audio stream Width of Floats There are 3 types of floating point numbers used on Intel x86 compatible CPUs 32 bit 64 bit and 80 bit Since 80 bit floats were removed from the Matroska specification this option is only available when freestyle neither Matroska v1 nor v2 is enabled is chosen 32 bit floating point numbers have a precision of about 1 2x 10 The segment duration being stored as float this means for example that when a segment has a duration of 10 hours using a 32 bit floating point number would introduce an inaccuracy of 4 milliseconds If you want a higher accuracy use 64 bit floats 4 6 GUI settings The behaviour and layout of the GUI can be modified a bit as explained below highlight files in use When enabled files in
18. ith AVI Mux GUI containing everything and two files that can be used with MKVMerge Those two files can of course also be used with AVI Mux GUI but this would be a bit less convenient e MKC A Matroska file containing chapters only Such a file can for example be used as playlist file 25 AVI Mux GUI Manual v1 17 8 6 RIFF EBML Tree MM EBML Tree OLX EBML header 5 bytes data 35 bytes pos 0 master EBMLVersion header 3 bytes data 1 bytes pos 5 1 EBMLReadVersion header 3 bytes data 1 bytes pos 9 1 EBMLMaxlDLength header 3 bytes data 1 bytes pos 13 4 EBMLMaxSizeLength header 3 bytes data 1 bytes pos 17 8 DocTypeVersion header 3 bytes data 1 bytes pos 21 2 DocTypeReadVersion header 3 bytes data 1 bytes pos 25 2 DocType header 3 bytes data 8 bytes pos 29 matroska Segment header 12 bytes data 2 779 562 228 bytes pos 40 master Seekhead header 6 bytes data 506 bytes pos 52 master CRC32 passed Tracks header 7 bytes data 2 585 bytes pos 564 master CRC32 passed Segmentinfo header 6 bytes data 475 bytes pos 3 156 master CRC32 passed CRC32 header 2 bytes data 4 bytes pos 3 162 CO B6 13 CD Title header 3 bytes data 22 bytes pos 3 168 The Day After Tomorrow WritingApp header 3 bytes data 43 bytes pos 3 193 AVI Mux GUI 1 17 4 3 Nov 22 2005 16 30 59 SegmentUID header 3 bytes data 16 bytes
19. lick onto the source file list and choose add You can import almost all file types AVI Mux GUI can use this way including XML chapter files or script files By default source files that are already in use as stream source are highlighted Also when selecting a stream the files exposing that stream are highlighted Beginning from v1 17 8 more highlighting has become available streams that prevent muxing to AVI AVI Mux GUI Manual v1 17 8 are highlighted by using blue color streams that are selected as default do no longer get a comment default but are rather displayed in bold letters All highlighting can be disabled 3 1 1 File type identification AVI Mux GUI will automatically identify the file type and doesn t care about the file exten sion If you import a AVI file and AVI Mux GUI says it is an MKV file then you most likely renamed the file from MKV to AVI and simply forgot about it Identifying WAV files takes rather long for a simple reason AVI Mux GUI wants to avoid reading WAV files with AC3 MP3 or DTS audio as WAV files it rather wants to read those files as binary AC3 MP3 DTS files This way broken or weird WAV file headers won t cause problems Thus a real WAV file can only be identified after having verified the file is not an AC3 MP3 DTS stream For this verification AVI Mux GUI checks if there is a valid AC3 MP3 DTS frame somewhere within the first 128 kB of a file AVI Mux GUI can identify a WAV file
20. mats and it allows to choose XIPH EBML fixed and auto lacing XIPH lacing is the original lacing technique which is efficient as long as frames are smaller than 255 bytes EBML lacing is efficient when at least some frames are larger than 255 bytes but not all frames are of equal size which is the case for pretty much all VBR audio frames Fixed lacing is possible when all frames in one lace are of the same size it simply stores the size of one frame and the number of frames Auto lacing encodes a block in XIPH lacing as well as in EBML fixed lacing and then chooses the smaller one Video lacing is theoretically working for some video formats like XVID in VFW compatible mode but is highly discouraged and can only be enabled if you disable Matroska v1 as well as Matroska v2 allowing to stretch the Matroska file specification to a questionable extent You must choose auto lacing when enabling video lacing 4 5 3 Cluster Settings A cluster is a structure in a Matroska file storing video audio and subtitle data usually spanning over a couple of seconds or not more than a few megabytes whatever is less maximum cluster size You can set the maximum size of one Cluster between 4 kBytes and 32 MBytes Note that an entire cluster is stored in memory and is only written to the target file when it is complete so using excessively large clusters increases memory consumption When Clusters are indexed in the SeekHead a certain amount of memory is ne
21. mes AVI Mux GUI will simply store this certain number of frames in a sequence and then stores the corresponding audio data This can result in jerky playback if the data rate is very high at some point in the stream because in this moment it would require more prebuffering If you select a certain size AVI Mux GUI will write a number of video frames followed by the corresponding audio data so that the entire block of video and audio data has the indicated size This can only be an estimation because the real size of the audio data is not known before actually reading it Preload Defines by how much time the audio data runs ahead of the video data in the file This does NOT add a delay it only influences the physical position of data in the file AC3 MP3 DTS Frame Grouping AC3 MP3 and DTS streams consist just like video streams and some other audio streams of individual frames AVI Mux GUI allows to change the number of individial frames to be stored in each chunk Since overhead is caused per chunk higher numbers decrease overhead Note that a value of 1 for AC3 leads to streams that cannot be replayed on some hardware MPEG4 players and that values higher than 5 also break some decoders What is more some players decoders do not like to get half AC3 frames One AC3 frame has a duration of 32 milliseconds If you select a preload and or interleave that is not a multiple of 32 in NanDub or VirtualDubMod the resulting file will contain ch
22. nabled each Cluster will be indexed in the Seek Head This requires about 18 bytes per Cluster It could also be useful for recovering broken files but is useless for correct files 4 5 4 TimecodeScale Matroska timecodes are always given in nanoseconds TimecodeScale is a value all scaled timecodes are multiplied with some time codes in Matroska files are never scaled and always use one nanosecond as unit For example a value of 1 000 000 means that scaled timecodes effectively are given in milliseconds You can indicate different timecode scales for files with a video stream MKV and files without a video stream Since one Cluster can span over not more than 30 000 units smaller timecode scale values result in smaller and more Clusters For example with a timecode scale of 10 000 those 30ku units constitute an interval of only 300 milliseconds whereas with a TimecodeScale of 500 000 these 30ku constitute an interval of 15 seconds 4 5 5 Cues Cues in Matroska files contain the file index This index does not contain information essential for replay it just makes seeking easier and faster Usually the index points to keyframes for reasons of simplicity When seeking in a file decoding must restart at a keyframe anyway thus it is reasonable to put only keyframes in the index One such index entry is called a CuePoint Audio Video Subtitles You can select for which stream types you want cue points to be created In the case of aud
23. nguage codes in AVI files thus if you create an AVI file any language code you apply is lost Ihttp www loc gov standards iso639 2 englangn html 10 AVI Mux GUI Manual v1 17 8 El AVI Mux GUI 1 17 8 open files add files via drag amp drop MKV V SampleFiles MKV The Day After Tomorow mkv generate data source from files File title The Day After Tomorrow Reach tine audio Jno audio all audio streams subtitles no subtitles C all subtitles v video V_MPEG4 ISO AVC 1 54Mbps 1 27 GByte 01 58 35 840 und W audio AC3 448 kbps VBR 5 Ch 48kHz 380 MByte eng Englisch AC3 V audio AC3 384 kbps VBR 5 Ch 48kHz 325 MByte ger Deutsch AC3 E language code ger B Title language code ger stream name Deutsch DTS B Title language code eng stream name German DTS Title language code fre stream name Allemand DTS Y subtitle Vobsub eng English compression zlib subtitle Vobsub ger Deutsch compression zlib E subtitle Vobsub ger Deutsch forced compression zlib loaded file V SampleFiles MKV The Day After Tomorrow mkv Figure 3 A stream with three titles 3 2 Settings and Commands in the main window The following settings are available in AVI Mux GUI s main window some of these can be accessed via the context menu e immediately add audio streams When enabled a streams source will immediately be created
24. ning of the stream The garbage will be removed when muxing and the delay is set so that it compensates for removing the garbage e an AVI file explicitely has a delay for a stream This kind of delay is not supported by some players thus it is removed and set again the way described above e a source audio file contains a string like DELAY 17ms in its file name A delay in this meaning is an additional time shift or a time shift required to compensate for modifications AVI Mux GUI applies to a stream Thus if you set for example a delay for a MKV file and load it again no delay will be shown No modification to the stream is necessary or done neither is a modification to any timecode necessary or done thus there is no delay 3 1 9 Stream Names You can apply stream names for each stream by expanding the node representing the stream selecting the stream right clicking selecting the new stream title menu item expanding the newly created node selecting the stream name item and pressing F2 This is illustrated in figure 2 If you create MKV files the stream names are stored in UTF 8 format meaning that you can type anything you wish besides klingon which is not part of UTF 8 If you create AVI files however the stream name is stored in ANSI encoding so you should only use standard english characters Also whereas MKV files allow several titles per stream as illustrated in figure 3 AVI files only allow for one single
25. not matter however when creating too large pieces Microsoft s AVI splitter does not recognise such files if there are several audio streams This bug is reproduceable with four or more audio streams and seems to randomly occur with two and three audio streams The default setting of 15 000 frames per index piece seems to work fine Setting 1 piece per RIFF list will trigger this bug when at least four audio streams are included create legacy index Open DML files allow the first RIFF list to contain an AVI 1 0 index called legacy index to make the first part of the file fully compliant with AVI 1 0 This is necessary when using Windows XP because there is a bug in shmedia dll showing the following effect When you click on an Open DML file of which the first RIFF list has no legacy index the entire RIFF list will be read looking for this index During this time 20 seconds for 1 GB if your hard disk can sustain 50 MB s and the parser is fast enough the file is locked and cannot be renamed or deleted Thus you either have to enable this setting or have to unregister shmedia dll In order to avoid this additional index to create much overhead the first RIFF list can be set to a very small size such as 1 MB instead of 1 GB Low overhead mode While the index of an AVI 1 0 file points to chunk headers of chunks containing video audio data the lower level index of the Open DML hierarchic index points to video audio data and not to chunk headers
26. or example 2 3 just means every subchapter of edition 2 chapter 3 Those timestamps can be given in various formats for example 1h20m52s5 or 1 20 52 5 or even 78m172s5 78 minutes and 172 5 seconds AVI Mux GUI Manual v1 17 8 Numbering This string defines how file names are created It can contain a few different placeholders e Name is replaced with the file name you indicated in the Save As dialogue e Nbr k is replaced with n using k digits when creating the n th file during a muxing process k can be omitted e Chn lt lng gt is replaced by the title of the chapter used as split position in the lan guage lt lng gt Example Chn fre will use the french title of the chapter lt 1lng gt can be omitted Example Name 3x Nbr 2 Chn eng 4 4 Output Settings AVI 4 4 1 Miscellaneous settings make rec lists rec lists are structures which are supposed to force an AVI splitter player to read larger blocks of data at once instead of single frames in order to avoid seeking When playing a file with several audio streams using Microsoft s AVI splitter the splitter will read data for each track exactly when it needs it and does not automatically do caching in order to avoid excessive seeking This makes playback impossible from media with high access time such as DVD R By enabling rec lists this problem is avoided however hardware MPEG4 players usually do not support files created this way although
27. ropping only use cropping Typing nothing will copy the source video stream settings Resizing and cropping on replay will of course only work if the playback chain especially decoder or video renderer supports that The edit field turns red if the current input cannot be processed correctly e start Select output file name format and start muxing The listbox of file extensions will show the file formats that are possible Sometimes you ll notice that only MKV is available but not AVI This happens when one or more source streams simply cannot be muxed to AVI Examples are audio streams in matroska source files MP2 VBR and OGG Vorbis streams 4 Settings This section describes everything you can change in the settings window 4 1 General Input Settings The settings described in this section mainly influence the speed AVI Mux GUI can operate at Normally the default settings should not be modified The only reason to change those settings should be a bug in the corresponding code of AVI Mux GUI Picture 4 shows a remuxing process of one large MKV file with all speed options enabled with source and target files on two different SATA hard discs generate chapters from filenames When joining several files and when this setting is enabled a chapter entry will be created for each of the files you join so that you can jump to each part on playback directly avoid unnecessary seek operations When enabled AVI Mux GUI s own cache sy
28. s 4 32 o hy d Gras vas Me Oia ai fete Ae Aras bk a ab aaraa e e ik Suk 44 OQO tput Settings SAVE e 2 E ae ets AAA BON GAS See AVI Mux GUI Manual v1 17 8 4 4 1 Miscellaneous settings E AAA A 16 4 4 2 Open DML Settings aoaaa e 16 4 4 3 Audio Interleaving bus wow eka GORE A pe ee ae 18 4 5 Output Settings MKV 5 2 a AT A oe ae a e A 18 4 5 1 Matroska Version o es aa ra a Bk 18 45 2 A NN 19 45 3 Cluster Settings e E E AR ee Gs 19 AS VIMECOUES CAG e a as 20 Adra UES a a Gee A RAR A AD e eels 20 4 5 0 Other serine dr ll dr id A wal Ges 21 ANO GUESS AE ARAS DARA AA ATEOS 22 5 The Chapter Editor 23 5 1 Editions and Chapters sus oe esse a ae Se BS Sa yA 23 5AL Edition S 2 405 ed ae Ae eR So Eee gg Oe ae ee OLS 23 5 1 2 A s eade a eed ae wae ee we Se ote fe Ne Boe ee Beat eon 24 5 2 Usage Or The Editor sas amp 4 A ee REI a do 24 5 3 Importing and Exporting Files ay Wen a Oe e ci 25 6 RIFF EBML Tree 26 AVI Mux GUI Manual v1 17 8 1 Introduction El AVI Mux GUI 1 17 8 open files add files via drag amp drop _ MKV VA SampleFiles MKV The Day After Tomorrow mkv generate data source from files File title The Day After Tomorrow Resolution audio Jno audio all audio streams subtitles no subtitles all subtitles video V_MPEG4 ISO AVC 1 54Mbps 1 27 GByte 01 58 35 840 und M audio AC3 448 kbps VBR 5 Ch 48kHz 380 MByte eng Englisch AC3 M audio AC3 384
29. stem is used 12 AVI Mux GUI Manual v1 17 8 unbuffered read When enabled the windows file cache will not be used This can only be activated when avoid unnecessary seek operations is enabled read ahead asynchronously When enabled accessing one piece of a file one piece is depending on the file type between 256 and 1024 kB in AVI Mux GUD will trigger prefetching the next piece This can speed up muxing significantly If AVI Mux GUI behaves weirdly and disabling this setting helps the asychronous read ahead has a bug again El AVI Mux GUI 1 17 8 70 9 video audio overhead subtitles total 965 032 820 1 000 110 562 1 804 020 2 790 423 1 969 737 825 965 032 820 1 000 110 562 1 804 020 2 790 423 1 969 737 825 c 62598 kByte s gt 59300 kByte s lt 71609 kByte s 63603 kByte s EOL postion 01 24 03 000 01 58 35 840 w Mest_remux_speed mkv Message 21 52 03 421 track 3 21 52 03 421 lace size 100 ms 21 52 03 421 language code ger 21 52 03 421 number of subtitles 3 21 52 03 421 track 1 21 52 03 421 language code eng 21 52 03 437 subtitle format VOBSUB 21 52 03 437 compression zlib 21 52 03 437 track 2 21 52 03 437 language code ger 21 52 03 437 subtitle format VOBSUB 21 52 03 437 compression zlib 21 52 03 437 track 3 21 52 03 437 language code ger 21 52 03 437 subtitle format VOBSUB 21 52 03 437 compression zlib 21 52 03 437 size of headers 172 042 bytes 21 52 03 437 Cue targe
30. stream title per stream If you want to apply a stream name using AVI output select und undefined as language code for the stream title AVI Mux GUI Manual v1 17 8 El AVI Mux GUI 1 17 8 DER open files add files via drag amp drop MKV V SampleFiles MKV The Day After Tomorrow mkv generate data source from files The Day After Tomorrow Resolution no audio all audio streams no subtitles Hall subtitles V video V_MPEG4 1SO AWC 1 54Mbps 1 27 GByte 01 58 35 840 und W audio AC3 448 kbps VBR 5 Ch 48kHz 380 MByte eng Englisch AC3 M audio AC3 384 kbps VBR 5 Ch 48kHz 325 MByte ger Deutsch AC3 E langua default track Es Tilo extract binary lan m New stream title Y subtitle Vobsub eng English compression zlib E subtitle Vobsub ger Deutsch compression zlib EE subtitle Vobsub ger Deutsch forced compression zlib loaded file V SampleFiles MKV The Day After Tomorrow mkv Figure 2 Adding a new stream title 3 1 10 Language Codes After having typed the stream name press TAB then you can select a language code for this stream If the code you want to use is not in the list simple type the code instead of select ing one If you want to use this code more often you can also edit the language_codes txt file and add this code The complete list of existing language codes can be found in ISO 639 21 There are no la
31. t size 98 0 of the available space loaded file V SampleFiles MKV the_day_after_tomorow amg chapters xml Figure 4 Remuxing with unbuffered asynchronous read ahead 4 2 Format Specific Input Settings 4 2 1 Mode 2 Form 2 files activate CRC check as default Files on Mode 2 Form 2 CDs usually have a CRC32 checksum for each 2324 byes of data When enabled an error there results in a input read error This avoids that corrupted data is processed 13 AVI Mux GUI Manual v1 17 8 4 2 2 MP3 CBR check MPEG audio files this also includes MP2 the settings dialog is actually a little bit misleading here can be checked or not for being CBR Files not checked for CBR are considered VBR files The difference between CBR and VBR matters when mux ing an MPEG audio file to AVI because different headers are created for CBR and VBR streams However considering that CBR is actually nothing more than a very special case of VBR any CBR stream works fine when being considered VBR as long as the playback device software works with a VBR audio stream 4 2 3 AVI maximum chunk size Chunks larger than the size indicated here are considered broken and are ignored This can be useful when trying to save parts of a corrupted file try to retrieve correct chunk size When encountering a chunk which is according to the index larger than the maximum allowed chunk size and when this is enabled AVI Mux GUI will check the chunk size
32. t will be displayed in black for both RIFF and EBML tree structures 21
33. the source file list that are already used are displayed in gray color highlight stream source files When enabled all files which are source files of the cur rently selected stream are displayed in red color enable overwrite confirmation When disabled no overwrite warning will appear when muxing a file This setting does not affect saving other file types display message when finished muxing When enabled a message box indicates when a muxing process is finished When disabled you still know that a process is finished because the muxing process view disappears This setting does not enable or disable messages that are shown or not shown at other occasions for example when extracting a stream is finished highlight default streams When enabled streams that are used as default streams are displayed in bold letters otherwise the normal font is used highlight streams incompatible to AVI When enabled streams that AVI Mux GUI cannot use as input for AVI output are displayed in blue font otherwise the default font is used use cleartype fonts You can choose if you want to use cleartype fonts no cleartype fonts or the operating system default setting concerning cleartype fonts 22 AVI Mux GUI Manual v1 17 8 5 The Chapter Editor Matroska files can contain chapter definitions which are actually much more than merely chapters Especially a sequence of chapters can even be a list of pieces of different files to be play
34. these rec lists are part of the original AVI file specification from 1992 add JUNK before MainAVIHeader This setting when enabled puts 8 bytes of data before the headers Typically the headers of an AVI file start at a fixed position This is not a requirement however a lot of players splitters assume it was a requirement including Microsoft s AVI splitter By enabling this setting you can check whether or not a player makes this wrong assumption Obviously disabling it leads to files with better compatibility 4 4 2 Open DML Settings Open DML is an extension to the original AVI file specification which removes the 2 GB limit These extensions have been introduced on February 28 1996 However some play ers especially hardware MPEG4 files supporting the AVI file format still do not support those extensions That means do NOT activate Open DML if you plan to play such files on hardware MPEG4 players Besides lifting the file size limit typical Open DML files have 16 AVI Mux GUI Manual v1 17 8 33 less overhead than old style AVI files AVI 1 0 This is achieved by using a more compact index design use Open DML output When disabled an AVI 1 0 file is created In this case the output files cannot be larger than 2 GB standard indices per streams Open DML files use a hierachic index with two levels This setting defines how the lower level of those two levels is created Theoretically this setting should
35. tly the same thing however some hard disc drivers seem to ignore the asynchronous mode setting so using seperate threads is preferred An additional buffer of 32 MB is used to buffer incoming write requests create log file When enabled the protocol you see while muxing a file will be written to a text file Default file name You can choose if a default file name should be selected when choosing the output file name If you select segment title the segment title you typed in the main window will be proposed as default file name Invalid characters i e characters that cannot be used in a filename are automatically replaced If you select first source file the name of the first file used to create the first video source in use will be proposed or the first file used to create the first audio source if you did not choose any video source The file name extension will be dropped 4 3 2 File Splitting by size This is the most obvious setting When the output file exceeds the chosen file size a new file will be started as soon as the next keyframe is encountered This obviously means the size you indicate here can be slightly exceeded for example with a keyframe interval of 10 seconds and a data rate of 2 megabits per second the size will be exceeded by 1 2 MB on average manually set split points There you can indicate a list of timestamps or chapter marks where the file is to be split Chapter marks can contain the wildcard f
36. to make sure the index can be put before the video audio data If this is disabled the user can select a total amount of space to be reserved for all headers and the cues are simply put at the end of the file when not enough space is left before the first Cluster 4 5 6 Other settings write 2 copies of Tracks When enabled a copy of the tracks definitions is written to the end of the file so that there are 2 copies of them and so that it is highly unlikely to lose both copies at once always write DisplayWidth Height When enabled aspect ratio values are written even when they are in fact superfluous This was necessary for some older versions of The Core Media Player and is helpful when trying to chose the aspect ratio after muxing for example using Matroska Shell Extentions Index non Clusters in first Seekhead When enabled elements like chapter definitions headers and similar are forced to be written before any video audio data which is reason able but not mandatory for Matroska files Hard linking when splitting Hard linking is a mechanism allowing a player or splitter to know which files belong to this split operation A splitter or player having full support for that mechanism could tell you to insert the next disc after finishing to play one part knowing the next and previous file for each file of a set Allow CodecID A_AAC This is purely cosmetic Disabling this setting results in files more backward compatible Str
37. unks containing first and second halves of AC3 frames Such files play jerkily with some players some decoders AVI Mux GUI avoids this problem it never rips AC3 or DTS frames into two halves For MP3 CBR you can allow to rip frames in two halves however this breaks some hardware MPEG4 players with MediaTek chipset 4 5 Output Settings MKV 4 5 1 Matroska Version There is Matroska v1 and Matroska v2 The latter implements a new block type with less overhead A block is the structure in which video audio and subtitle data is stored You should use Matroska v2 unless you plan to use this file on a player that doesn t support v2 Deselecting both of them allows for enabling discouraged settings Files created that way will be referred to as freestyle files 18 AVI Mux GUI Manual v1 17 8 4 5 2 Lacing Lacing is a technique allowing to save overhead by placing several frames into one block maintaining the possibility to separate the frames later again However timestamps are lost for all frames in a lace besides the first one This is irrelevant for streams with constant frame duration like MP3 AC3 DTS and AAC but could be problematic for streams with variable frame duration like Vorbis Thus the default setting creates small laces for Vorbis compromise between saving overhead and losing timestamps and bigger laces for other audio formats AVI Mux GUI allows to configure different lace intervals for different audio for
38. w position of several windows including the settings window Since the size of this window was increased in v1 17 6 using the old size information leads to a cropped settings window Version 1 17 8 has a fix in order to autodetect this situation but if this fix does not work correctly please report it and delete the mentioned file 2 3 Quickstart If you simply want to start up without continuing to read you can do so Simply drag and drop the source files you want to use into the source file list Per default audio and subtitle files are immediately added as stream source whereas AVI and Matroska files aren t Select all files you want to be treated as one large file and click generate data sources from files If you want to name the streams click on each stream press F2 type the stream name press TAB and select the language code of the stream Then press start and selecting the target file name The extension of the file name determines the file type you are going to create it can be AVI or MKV If you selected source streams that AVI Mux GUI cannot put into an AVI file the AVI file format will simply not be available Exampes of such streams are MP2 VBR and Vorbis 3 The Main Window This section describes the windows and settings that are accessible in the main window 3 1 Source Files and Source Streams You add files you want to use as source by simply drag amp dropping them into the source file list You can also right c
39. you have added this way however you cannot yet simply undo the generate data source from files operation You can remove a file by right clicking on it and selecting remove If the file is not in use it will simply be removed If it is used AVI Mux GUI will show a message showing which streams the file added and which other files have been added at the same time Obviously if you have joined two files and want to remove one either the stream sources that have been created would need to be modified accordingly which is not supported or both of the files have to be removed along with all streams they expose 3 1 4 File order You can change the order of files in the source file list box by selecting the file to move and then using the PgUp and PgDn keys Note that once two files have been used to generate stream sources the relative order of those two files to each other cannot be changed anymore You can move other files around you can move those two files but you cannot change the order of those two files relatively to each other 3 1 5 Stream order You can change the order of streams by drag and dropping them inside the stream tree or by using the PgUp and PgDn keys However in any case the final output file will contain the video stream first then the audio streams in the order you selected then the subtitles in the order you selected You cannot make AVI Mux GUI place audio streams before video streams or the like 3 1 6
40. ysical hard disk 1 2 What AVI Mux GUI is not AVI Mux GUI does not recompress anything Thus it will not burn subtitles into a video in a way that forces spectators to see them by making them a fixed part of the video Also it will not remove subtitles which you have burnt into the video If you don t want to have subtitles which are an unremoveable part of the video stream itself then don t create such files AVI Mux GUI Manual v1 17 8 1 3 Why the name AVI Mux GUI Usually GUI is added to the name of a command line tool which is put over that command line tool to allow more convenient usage There was indeed a very very early version called AVI Mux however I have never re leased it to the public Also AVI still means audio video interleave so it was not really necessary to change the name after having added support for Matroska files 2 Getting started This section explains the very first steps after downloading AVI Mux GUI 2 1 Requirements Besides obvious things like enough free hard disk space to process the files you want to process you need Windows 2000 XP or compatible Although I have fixed a few issues that might have caused the instantanious crash when trying to launch it on Windows 98 ME I herewith state explicitely that Windows 9x ME is not supported As to Windows NT4 I have no idea If you want to run AVI Mux GUI on Windows Vista you have to enable the compatibility mo
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