Home

CSAT3 instruction manual

Contents

1. Note that y 1s a function of specific humidity It would be convenient if the effects of humidity could be consolidated into one term The specific heats for moist air at constant pressure and volume are given by Cp qCpw l q Cpa Cpa 1 0 84q 7a Cy T qCyw T 1 U q C a C a 1 0 93q 7b where C and C are the specific heats of moist air at constant volume and pressure Cy and Cww is the specific heat of water vapor and Cpa and Cva is the specific heat of dry air respectively Fleagle and Businger 1980 Substitute Eq 7a and 7b into 6 and ignore the higher order terms This yields c YaRaTs yaRaT a 0 51q 8 where Ts is sonic virtual temperature and ya is the ratio of specific heat of dry air at constant pressure to that at constant volume Fleagle and Businger 1980 Kaimal and Gaynor 1991 Kaimal and Businger 1963 Schotanus et al 1983 With Eq 8 the effect of humidity on the speed of sound is included in the sonic virtual temperature The sonic virtual temperature in degrees Celsius is given by Eq 9 where ya 1 4 and Ra 287 04 JK kg c To 27345 9 REFERENCES Kaimal J C and Businger J A 1963 A Continuous Wave Sonic Anemometer Thermometer J Applied Meteorol 2 156 164 Kaimal J C and Gaynor J E 1991 Another Look at Sonic Thermometry Boundary Layer Meteorol 56 401 410 Fleagle R G and Businger J A 1980 An Introduction to
2. IVONVIN NOLDOODULSNI CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer Revision 2 15 pg RS ET i S2 N BN Sas m Copyright 1998 2015 Campbell Scientific Inc Limited Warranty Products manufactured by CSI are warranted by CSI to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service for twelve months from the date of shipment unless otherwise specified in the corresponding product manual Product manuals are available for review online at www campbellsci com Products not manufactured by CSI but that are resold by CSI are warranted only to the limits extended by the original manufacturer Batteries fine wire thermocouples desiccant and other consumables have no warranty CSI s obligation under this warranty is limited to repairing or replacing at CSI s option defective Products which shall be the sole and exclusive remedy under this warranty The Customer assumes all costs of removing reinstalling and shipping defective Products to CSI CSI will return such Products by surface carrier prepaid within the continental United States of America To all other locations CSI will return such Products best way CIP port of entry per Incoterms 2010 This warranty shall not apply to any Products which have been subjected to modification misuse neglect improper service accidents of nature or shipping damage This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties expressed or im
3. 16384 F 2 0 Exponent of 10 3t 32 Z Loc _4000h 7 Z F P30 1 8192 F 2 0 Exponent of 10 3 33 Z Loc _2000h 8 Z F P30 1 4096 F 2 0 Exponent of 10 3 34 ZLoc 1000h Look for a diag that is not 99999 meaning that the CSAT3 is connected to the CR23X and the two devices are communicating correctly 9 If X lt gt F P89 ie X Loc diag 2 3 gt 3 0 F 4 30 Then Do Send the configuration command to the CSAT3 only if sit is not acquiring the signal or making measurements e g diag lt gt 61503 10 If X lt gt F P89 k3 X Loc diag 2 92 lt gt 3 61503 F 4 30 Then Do 11 Do P86 1 11 Set Flag 1 High 33 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 34 Configure CSAT3 with 10 Hz parameters 12 SDM CSAT3 P107 i Reps SDM Address Set Execution Parameter Ux Input Location Ux 13 End P95 14 End P95 15 End P95 16 End P95 Each diagnostic flag that is encoded in the diagnostic word diag is assigned an Input Location These Input Locations serve as flags and take on values of one or zero 17 Beginning of Subroutine P85 ie 22 Subroutine 2 Set the flags low set each flag s input location 0 before recording the number of samples Not a Number NaN or diagnostic flags that were on 18 Block Move P54 zc cn No of Values 19 First Source Loc zero 20 First Destination Loc smpls 1 2 3 1 Source Step 4 5 1 Destination
4. Offset oett eerie 40 12 Select Backdoor Commands 42 Appendices A CSATS Orientation eeeeeeeeeeuss A 1 A l Determining True North and Sensor Orientation A 1 A 2 Online Magnetic Declination Calculator sssssss A 3 B Serial Communications with the CSATS3 B 1 B 1 CSAT3 RS 232 Commands sese B 1 B 2 CSATS3 Binary Data Output Format esee B 3 B 3 Words 0 through 3 eene B 4 Bok Words sesenta eret stretta t SEA B 5 B 5 CSAT3 RS 232 Status Format eese B 5 C CSAT3 Measurement Theory C 1 Cl Theory of Operation x ette ete ttes C 1 C11 Wand Speed euet treo edite C 1 C 1 2 Temperature nce mp e DR Oe ertet Ue eR HERES C 1 D SDM Communications and Long Signal Cables D 1 D 1 Brief Description of SDM Clock Rates sss D 1 D 2 CR3000 Example 00 ceeceeccesecesecesecseecaeeeseeeneeseeeeeesereneeneeneeaees D 2 D3 CR23XExample i ssenecneeet die e ed D 2 Figures 4 CSAT3 coordinate system and current captive mounting hardware s n 0631 to c rrent esee eani ee n NeT ras 6 4 2 CSAT3 coordinate system and captive mounting hardware s n 0631 to Cuttent 55e eem te REOR ROTE 7 4 3 CSAT3 coordinate system captive mounting hardware and cup washer s n 0107 to 0630 7 4
5. acquire the signal using the Execution Parameter in static memory Appendix B Serial Communications with the CSAT3 Nassi Shneiderman diagrams are given in FIGURE B 1and FIGURE B 2 for collecting data using a PC and the RS 232 port In FIGURE B 1 the PC is the Trigger Source and the data acquisition system In FIGURE B 2 the anemometer is triggered by its internal timer and a PC is the data acquisition system Use the logic in FIGURE B 1 when the CSAT3 is measured along with other analog digital signals set RTS line high read CTS line send the An command to acquire signals sent the U or P command make other PC based analog digital measurements read wind data U or long status P from serial port wait until timer 1 Execution Parameter repeat until finished collecting data set RTS line low FIGURE B 1 PC as the trigger source set RTS line high E read CTS line send the An command to acquire signals send W or S command check for data serial port keep checking until there is data on the serial port read wind data W or long status S from serial port send W or S command repeat until finished collecting data set RTS line low FIGURE B 2 CSAT3 as the trigger source B 2 CSAT3 Binary Data Output Format Five words are sent by the CSAT3 s RS 232 output Words 0 through 3 are 16 bit signed integers and word 4 is 16 bit unsigned integer The five words are sent starting with word 0 and ending with wor
6. and represents it in base 10 The bits in the diagnostic word are grouped together into three categories Bits 15 through 12 are four diagnostic flags see TABLE 10 5 and TABLE 10 6 bits 11 through 6 represent the range the measurements are reported in used by the datalogger and bits 5 through 0 are a counter A detailed description of decoding the diagnostic word is given in Appendix B TABLE 10 5 Diagnostic Word Diagnostic Word bI5 b12 bllblO b09b08 b07b06 b05 b00 diagnostic flags The following are four specific Diagnostic Words Base 10 and the situation that produces them NaN or 99999 Anemometer does not Respond This is the special case when the datalogger attempts to address an anemometer and the anemometer does not answer This occurs if the anemometer is not connected to the SDM bus the anemometer is not connected to a 12 Vdc power supply or none of the anemometers on the SDM bus are set to the SDM address in the CSAT3 SDM CSAT3 P107 instruction 61440 Lost Trigger The anemometer has lost the trigger source in this case all the diagnostic bits are set high the range bits are set low and the counter bits are low This occurs if the anemometer is disconnected from the SDM bus e g a loose SDM clock line To bring the anemometer back on line connect the CSAT3 to the SDM bus and execute the CSAT3 SDM CSAT3 P107 instruction with the Set Execution Parameter Command Option 61503 No Data Avai
7. 1 X Loc Ux 2 10 ZLoc Ux copy 6 Z X P31 1 2 X Loc Uy 2 12 ZLoc Uy copy 7 Z ABS X P43 1 5 X Loc diag 2 36 Z Loc diag abs 30 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer Disable Intermediate Processing if any of the diagnostic flags are on vi e diag gt 4096 or any of the science data is Not a Number 99999 8 If X lt gt F P89 1 36 X Loc diag abs 2 3 gt 3 4096 F 4 19 Set Intermed Proc Disable Flag High Flag 9 Decode CSAT3 diagnostic flags 9 Do P86 1 2 Call Subroutine 2 Process CSAT3 output data every minute 10 If time is P92 1 0 Minutes Seconds into a 2 1 Interval same units as above 3 10 Set Output Flag High Flag 0 11 Set Active Storage Area P80 1 3 Input Storage Area 2 13 Loc wnd spd a Compute the horizontal wind speed and wind direction in the compass coordinate system and in the CSAT3 right handed orthogonal coordinate system 12 Wind Vector P69 So 2 Reps 1 2 0 Samples per Sub Interval 3 10 S 01 amp c 01 Orth 4 9 Wind Speed East Loc Prop E 5 11 Wind Direction North Loc Prop N 13 Do P86 29 Set Intermed Proc Disable Flag Low Flag 9 Process CSAT3 wind direction data 14 If Flag Port P91 1 10 Do if Output Flag is High Flag 0 2 8 Call Subroutine 3 Output CSAT3 data 15 If Flag Port P91 1 10 Do if Output Flag is High Flag 0 Set Output Flag High Flag
8. Good CSAT3 wind directions are between 90 to 0 and 0 to 90 degrees e g the wind is blowing into the CSAT3 sensor head Const CSAT OPT INT 1000 SCAN INTERVAL Compute CSAT3 Execution Parameter Const SDM PER 30 Default SDM clock speed Variables Online lagged CSAT3 data Public wind 5 Alias wind 5 diag_csat Units Ux m s Units Uy m s Units Uz m s Units Ts C Units diag_csat unitless Public diag_bits 4 AS Boolean Warning flags Alias diag_bits 1 del T_f Delta temperature warning flag Alias diag bits 2 sig lck f Poor signal lock warning flag Alias diag bits 3 amp h f Amplitude high warning flag Alias diag bits 4 amp 1 f Amplitude low warning flag Units diag bits samples Public batt volt CRBasic datalogger battery voltage Public panel temp Units batt volt V Units panel temp C 25 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 26 Wind directions and speed Dim wnd out 8 Alias wnd out 1 wnd spd in compass coordinate system same as CSAT3 Alias wnd out 2 rslt wnd spd in compass coordinate system same as CSAT3 Alias wnd out 3 wnd dir compass Alias wnd out 4 std wnd dir in compass coordinate system same as CSAT3 Alias wnd out 5 wnd spd Alias wnd out 6 rslt wnd spd Alias wnd out 7 wnd dir csat3 Alias wnd out 8 std wnd dir Units wnd dir compass degrees Units wnd spd m s Units rslt wnd spd m s Unit
9. TO EMBODY THE HIGHEST DEGREE OF SAFETY IN ALL CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTS THE CUSTOMER ASSUMES ALL RISK FROM ANY INJURY RESULTING FROM IMPROPER INSTALLATION USE OR MAINTENANCE OF TRIPODS TOWERS OR ATTACHMENTS TO TRIPODS AND TOWERS SUCH AS SENSORS CROSSARMS ENCLOSURES ANTENNAS ETC Table of Contents PDF viewers These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document Use the PDF reader bookmarks tab for links to specific sections jEEC hIIC Te 1 2 Specifications iisi e ioa Eee beoe ee des der Ro Dora 1 2 1 Measurements oie tid n eer eser este ree e a inre 1 22 Output Signals ccstescceseds sete ute eta ie ette 2 2 3 Physical Description osa tede e ie eno rea 3 24 Power Requirement onus be na be n s 4 SEDIS 4 3 1 Factory Settings 4 eese eee i RH eres 4 3 2 SDMAddress enceinte ie e ee edets 5 4 Installation iiti i ode etd ee eroe akt kc 8 ep v EE dantes 5 4 1 Orientation x2 dene UNI eee od du 5 4 2 Mounting sentes deno IC ROndu 6 434 Leyeligsi toos ees Rane sate waa teeta itte 8 4 4 Fine Wire Thermocouple ccccecccescceseceseceseceeeeseeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeereeeees 8 5 WIFIN G E M 8 6 CSAT3 Outputs ceo rire tota cce oro nepEv usas 11 6 1 SDM Qutp t iiie tette eie eet pet hide diee 11 6 1 1 CRBasic Dataloggers ssssssssseeeeeeeeeeeeeneenenen 12 6 1 2 EDLOG Dataloggers ssssssesseeeeeneeneneneee 12 6 1 3 CR9000 iiie hee re
10. above data set to transpose the data into columns Now run the SPLIT parameter file SDM PAR to filter out the SDM clock parameters that were not tested 99999 in array 151 This parameter file also creates a report of the SDM clock parameters that were tested and their failure rate as a percent of attempts The following report was created from the above SPLIT parameter file SDM PAR TABLE D 3 SDM Clock Rate Report SDM Failures Param Attmpt Attempts 1 4 7 9 10 11 12 13 From the above results the fastest rate that the SDM bus could run without encountering communication errors would be using a value of 11 for the SDM clock parameter in Instruction Set SDM Clock P115 However to have a safety margin a value of 12 is used The SDM parameter was set to 12 and tested the eddy covariance program The test showed that using SDM parameter of 12 in the Set SDM Clock P115 did not cause the CR23X to overrun the Tables B mode thus the SDM Clock parameter is left at 12 Appendix D SDM Communications and Long Signal Cables D 4 Campbell Scientific Companies Campbell Scientific Inc CSI 815 West 1800 North Logan Utah 84321 UNITED STATES www campbellsci com info campbellsci com Campbell Scientific Africa Pty Ltd CSAf PO Box 2450 Somerset West 7129 SOUTH AFRICA www csafrica co za cleroux a csafrica co za Campbell Scientific Australia Pty Ltd CSA PO Box 8108 Garbutt Post Shop QL
11. after three seconds The data acquisition system will then have to reissue the acquire signal command see Section 10 3 and B 1 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 80 E Hi 60 40 AX 120 J2 T m AT p E 100 lt 5 t m P p a 5 m zT z 60 E ST 40 a 20 E ima 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 Execution Pararneter amp Trigger Rate Hz SDM Output RS 232 Output I Analog Output FIGURE 8 1 Typical average CSAT3 current drain at 12 VDC t ts taz tas Trigger l l l M Ti RO M Me Mrz Mrs Process Data Output Data Sic S 7 S S 7 Time FIGURE 8 2 CSAT3 pipeline delay 8 1 Sampling Modes The CSAT3 can be configured to make measurements in either a single measurement mode or an oversampled mode In the single measurement mode the CSAT3 makes one measurement synchronously with the trigger provided by the CSAT3 internal trigger SDM communications or RS 232 communications In the oversampled mode the CSAT3s internal trigger SDM communications or RS 232 communication trigger several measurements The average of these measurements is output at the trigger rate 17 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 9 18 8 1 1 Single Measurement Mode In the single measurement mode the anemometer makes one measurement per trigger With this approach the anemometer
12. ar 0 AQ 20 BR 0 BX 0 CF 1 C002 0 0 0 COb 00 0 CA 1 CD 0 cs 25417 DC 8 dl 2015 DM c DR 03465 duty 048 DT 16240 ET 20 FA 00050 FL 007 FX 038 GN 121a GO 00000 HA 0 H n S T G 01560 HH 02700 KT 0 LG 00832 LH 00100 MA 020 MS 010 MX 0 ND 1 NI 2 s 00223 OR 1 os 0 PD 2 RA 00020 RC 0 RF 00900 RH 015 RI 0 RS 0 RX 002 D 0 SL 035 SR 1 ss 1 T0123 1000 TD a TF 02600 02600 02600 TK 1 TO 0 0 0 P t ts i UX 0 WM o WR 006 XD d xp 2 XX 00875 ZZ 0 where RS n RS 232 Synchronization code n 0 means the CSAT3 will not send the synchronization code and n 1 means the CSAT3 will send the synchronization code at the end of the 10 byte RS 232 output BR n Baud Rate n 0 is 9600 bps and n 1 is 19200 bps Rl n Rts Independent n 0 means power the RS 232 drivers if the RTS line is asserted and n 1 means to always power the RS 232 drivers SNnnnn Serial Number of the calibration file stored in EEPROM nnnn is the CSAT3 serial number ddmmmyy date that the calibration file was created dd is day mmm is month and yy is the year rev n nn version and revision of the embedded code n nn is the version and revision number e g 3 0a d Output the summary diagnostics sd n Enable or disable the computation of the Summary Diagnostics where n 0 means do not tabulate the summary diagnostic and n 1 means clear the current summary diagnostics and start a new tabulation rs
13. axis can be found by inverting the above relationships then subtracting Eq 2 from 1 and solving for ua Ua 3 d 1 to tb The wind speed is measured on all three non orthogonal axis to give Ua Up and Uc Where the subscripts a b and c refer to the non orthogonal sonic axis The non orthogonal wind speed components are then transformed into orthogonal wind speed components ux uy and uz with the following Ux Ua Uy A Up 4 uz Uc where A is a 3 x 3 coordinate transformation matrix that is unique for each CSAT3 and is stored in ROM memory Temperature The sonically determined speed of sound can be found from the sum of the inverses of Eq 1 and 2 The CSAT3 corrects online for the effect of wind blowing perpendicular to the sonic path No additional off line corrections are required as suggested by Liu et al 2001 5 d z 1 to tp C 1 Appendix C CSAT3 Measurement Theory The speed of sound in moist air is a function of temperature and humidity and Is given by C yP p yRgT yRaT 1 0 61q 6 where y is the ratio of specific heat of moist air at constant pressure to that at constant volume P is pressure p is air density Ra is the gas constant for dry air Ty is virtual temperature T is the air temperature and q is the specific humidity defined as the ratio of the mass of water vapor to the total mass of air Kaimal and Gaynor 1991 Wallace and Hobbs 1977
14. copy of the CSAT3 PC software is available from the Campbell Scientific web site in the Support Downloads section This software is intended as a diagnostic tool rather than part of a long term data acquisition system Appendix B contains detailed information on the CSAT3 RS 232 commands An example of an elementary Visual Basic program to configure and collect data from a CSAT3 is available from the Campbell Scientific web site in the Support Downloads section 6 3 Analog Output The anemometer can be programmed to output four analog signals that correspond to ux Uy Uz and c These signals range 5000 mV The analog output is enabled using the Windows CSAT3 PC support software CSAT32 EXE using the PC s and CSAT3 s RS 232 serial port The ux and uy components of wind have two output ranges low range 32 768 m s and high range 465 536 m s These ranges are changed using the support software Low range is adequate to measure wind speeds 432 768 ms TABLE 6 3 gives the multipliers and offset for all the anemometer outputs in m s TABLE 6 3 Calibration for Analog Outputs Slope Slope Low Range High Range Offset ms V Eus 65536 131072 0 Pu sss 1mm 9 u 16384 16384 0 When analog outputs are used the anemometer uses its internal timer to trigger the wind measurements Thus the wind measurements can be skewed in time 1 2 the data acquisition system s scan interval from other analog measurements
15. data in a field office or the lab A zero wind environment can be created with a kitchen waste bin liner Mount the head in the normal horizontal fashion or hang the head from the block that supports the CSAT3 upper and lower arms Do not lay the CAST3 head on its side or balance it on the transducers Cover the CSAT3 head with a medium 13 gallon kitchen waste bin liner Fold tape or tie closed the opening of the liner to prevent air from moving in and out of the liner Ensure that the liner does not obstruct any of the three CSAT3 sonic paths Connect the CSAT3 power cable to a 12 Vdc power supply Connect the CSAT3 s RS 232 port to the PC s RS 232 port using the RS 232 cable that shipped with the CSAT3 This cable was originally located underneath the circular cut out in the CSAT3 case Start the CSAT3 PC support software CSAT32 EXE to establish communications between the PC and the CSAT3 A copy of the software is available from the Campbell Scientific web site in the Support Downloads section If successful communications are established the Status window will report Good Data To prevent erroneous measurements due to ultrasonic reflection within the plastic bag select a 1 Hz Measurement Rate FIGURE 11 3 317 CSAT32 Eile Settings rData Collection Graphing Live c Start Stop Recorded C E Plotevery TS data blk n th point Save to file 4 aa e D Inixi CSAT3 St
16. datalogger If the CSAT3 successfully accepts and processes a command it will respond with the gt prompt If an invalid command is issued to the CSAT3 it will respond with a prompt All commands issued to the CSAT3 must be followed by the lt enter gt key Long Status Message the command prompts the CSAT3 to return the Long Status Message This message contains the current configuration of the CSAT3 Much of this information is used by Campbell Scientific staff during the calibration process however the following highlighted information may be of use to some CSAT3 users 42 CSATS3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer After receiving the command the CSAT3 will respond with text similar to that below for CSAT3s running embedded code version 3 or less ET 10 ts i XD d GN 111a TK 1 UP 5 FK 0 RN 1 IT 1 DR 102 rx 2 fx 038 BX 0 AH 1 AT 0 RS 0 BR 0 RI 0 GO 00000 HA 0 6X 3 3X 2 PD 2 SD 0 d sa 1 WM o ar 0 ZZ 0 DC 6 ELo 021 021 021 ELb 021 021 021 TNo dbb d TNb ccc JD 007 C0o 2 2 2 C0b 2 2 2 2 RC 0 tlo 9 9 9 tlb 9 9 9 DTR 01740 CA 0 TD duty 026 AQ 10 AC 1 CD 0 SR 1 UX 0 MX 0 DTU 02320 DTC 01160 RD o ss 1 XP 2 RF 018 DS 007 SN0315 06aug01 HF 005 JC 3 CB 3 MD 5 DF 05000 RNA 1 rev 3 0a cs 22486 amp 0 os or the text below for CSAT3s running embedded code version 4 or greater SN0315 02mar04 rev 4 0s amp 0 AC 1 AF 050 AH 1 AO 00300
17. degrees between True North and Magnetic North Magnetic declination for a specific site can be obtained from a USGS map local airport or through a NOAA web calculator Section A 2 A general map showing magnetic declination for the Conterminous United States in 2004 is shown in FIGURE A 1 Magnetic Declination for the U S 2004 120 W 110 W 100 W 90 W 80 W 70 W SON ga me 50 N aay e j j A TA ies 7 490 ER DOR IR P AS 5 oH pi EU Gane Sl ea 40 N EX D A Th M TI 40 N et bn US W PAN 0 am 120 W 110 W 100 W 90 W 80 W 70 W Mercator Projection Based on the Lntemational Geomagnetic Reference Field LGRF Epoch 2000 updated to Contours of Declination of the Earth s magnetic December 31 2004 field Contours are expressed in degrees Contour Lnterval 1 Degree Positive http ww w ngdc noaa gov declinations in blue negative in red The IGRE is developed by the Lntemational Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronom Produced by NOAA s National Geophysical AGA Division v y Data Center NGDC Boulder Colorado 3 FIGURE A 1 Magnetic declination for the conterminous United States 2004 A 1 Appendix A CSATS Orientation Declination angles are always subtracted from the compass reading to find True North A declination angle East of True North is reported as positive a value and is subtracted from 360 0 degrees to find True North as shown FIGURE A 2 A declination angle West of True Nort
18. e g temperature or humidity Recall that the CSAT3 analog outputs also have a two measurement pipeline delay Operational Principles Embedded Code Version 4 The CSAT3 measures wind speeds and the speed of sound by determining the time of flight of sound between pairs of transducers as described in Appendix C However unlike many other commercial anemometers it does not use simple threshold detection to determine the ultrasonic times of flight Instead it uses advanced digital signal processing techniques to determine the arrival of the transmitted ultrasonic signal In comparison to other systems the digital signal processing techniques result in more accurate lower noise measurements 13 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 14 Unlike CSAT3s running embedded code version 3 embedded code version 4 does not use a library of calibration templates and pattern recognition to determine the ultrasonic time of flight Embedded code versions 4 and 3 have the same wind resolution The resolution of the speed of sound measurement using embedded code version 4 is 15 times worse than embedded code version 3 0 002 C to 0 025 C RMS however the resolution of the speed of sound measurement is still a factor of two better compared to any other commercially available sonic anemometer Field comparisons of measurements made with a CSAT3 anemometer containing embedded code version 4 and one containing embedded code version 3 show tha
19. high including the special cases NaN 61502 a Lost Trigger 61440 No Data 61503 an SDM error 61441 or wrong CSAT3 embedded code 61442 disable flag on 1 diag csat work AND amp hf000 Turn on only when CSAT3 diagnostic warning flags are set disable flag on 2 disable flag on 1 AND NOT Ts NaN Save the four most significant bits of the CSAT3 diagnostics except for the special cases NaN 61502 a Lost Trigger 61440 No Data 61503 an SDM error 61441 or wrong CSAT3 embedded code 61442 If diag csat work lt amp hf000 Then diag csat INT diag csat work amp h1000 Compute the online wind vector statistics CallTable wnd vec If wnd vec Output 1 1 Then GetRecord wnd out 1 wnd vec l Compass wind direction will be between 0 and 360 degrees wnd dir compass wnd dir compass CSAT3 AZIMUTH MOD 360 CSAT3 wind direction will be between 0 to 180 degrees and 0 to 180 degrees If wnd dir csat3 gt 180 Then wnd dir csat3 wnd dir csat3 360 EndIf CallTable stats NextScan EndProg 10 7 Example EDLOG Datalogger Program In the following example a CR23X is used to collect data from the CSAT3 using SDM communications The CR23X will trigger each wind measurement over the SDM bus and retrieve the data 28 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer TABLE 10 8 Wiring for Program Example 2 Description Color CR3000 SDM Data Green S
20. s high frequency response is limited only by the geometry of the anemometer head thus minimizing the possibility of under estimating high frequency signal variations and covariations However this approach also aliases high frequency information to lower frequencies This aliasing is apparent in spectra from an upwards tail when compared to the 5 3 power relationship at frequencies approaching the Nyquist frequency one half the sample rate This aliasing does not compromise the variances and covariances and therefore fluxes computed from aliased data The variance and covariance calculations are not frequency dependent they simply measure a signal s total variation and two signal s total covariation respectively 8 1 2 Oversample Mode In the oversample mode the CSAT3 makes wind measurements at 60 Hz and then block averages those measurements to 10 or 20 Hz output The output is synchronized to any one of the three triggers The oversampling modes minimize aliasing by limiting the anemometer s high frequency response The 60 Hz data is filtered with a sin x x function The oversampled modes maintain synchronization to the master trigger In the six times oversampled mode the CSAT3 interpolates six minor triggers that are centered on the 10 Hz master trigger In the three times oversample mode the CSAT3 interpolates three minor triggers that are centered on the 20 Hz master trigger For compatibility with the existing single sampled mo
21. version 4 will develop the offset first and then possibly set diagnostic flags under dry conditions CSAT3s running embedded code version 3 will set diagnostic flags before a wind offset develops 11 2 1 Cold Shifted Calibration A CSAT3 with a cold shifted calibration is calibrated over the temperature of 40 to 40 C To improve the speed of sound reporting resolution the CSAT3 sends the speed of sound minus an offset to a datalogger via the SDM interface or a PC via the RS 232 interface The data acquisition system must add the appropriate offset to determine the speed of sound For the standard temperature range the offset 340 m s This offset is added by the CSAT3 SDM CSAT3 P107 instruction Command Option 90 91 98 and 99 For the cold shifted calibration range the offset is 337 m s 39 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer The standard datalogger instruction reports either the speed of sound c option 90 or 99 or the sonic temperature T Command Option 91 or 98 cannot be used with a CSAT3 running a cold shifted calibration Instead use option 92 Trigger and Get Wind amp c 340 Data or option 97 Get Wind and c 340 Data After a Group Trigger and then add 337 m s To find Ts use Equation 9 in Appendix C 11 2 2 Test for Wind Offset To test wind offset on a CSAT3 create an environment where there is no wind It is difficult to do this in the field thus it is best to collect CSAT3 wind offset
22. 0 16 Set Active Storage Area P80 1 1 Final Storage Area 1 2 100 Array ID 31 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 17 Real Time P77 110 Day Hour Minute midnight 0000 18 Resolution P78 1 1 High Resolution 19 Sample P70 1 3 Reps 2 13 Loc wnd spd a 20 Sample P70 1 1 Reps 2 17 Loc esat dir 21 Average P71 1 4 Reps 2 1 Loc Ux 22 Standard Deviation P82 Reps Sample Loc Ux 23 Totalize P72 1 7 Reps 2 20 Loc smpls Table 2 Program 02 0 Execution Interval seconds Table 3 Subroutines Configure CSAT3 1 Beginning of Subroutine P85 1 1 Subroutine 1 Check the diagnostic word for lost trigger condition Set Flag 1 low to reconfigure the CSAT3 if it is ina lost trigger state 2 If X lt gt F P89 5 X Loc diag 1 1 2 3 61440 F 4 21 Set Flag 1 Low Configure the CSAT3 This is done the first time through Table 1 or if the CSAT3 loses the trigger 3 If Flag Port P91 1 21 Do if Flag 1 is Low 2 30 Then Do 32 CSATS3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer Load the angle between North and the CSAT3 head The station operator must enter the angle theta 4 Z F P30 1 0 F unique value 2 0 Exponent of 10 3 35 ZLoc theta Load the constants used in recording the number of times the diagnostic flags were on 5 Z F P30 1 32768 F 2 0 Exponent of 10 3 31 ZLoc 8000h 6 Z F P30 1
23. 0 0 Samples Z Wind 720 96 0 1200 1440 168 0 1920 216 0 240 0 Samples Sonic Temp 72 0 96 0 1200 1440 168 0 1920 216 0 240 0 Samples Q DeltaTemp G Tracker Amp High Amp Low Data Mode A Terminal Mode FIGURE 11 6 Wind data from CSAT3 s n 315 wind offsets within specifications at 19 C 12 Select Backdoor Commands The CSAT3 supports a variety of Backdoor Commands used to configure the CSAT3 for use with a RS 232 data collection system Connect the CSAT3 to a PC using the RS 232 serial cable that was shipped with the CSAT3 Connect a 12 Vdc power supply to the CSAT3 using the SDM Power cable Start the CSAT3 PC support software CSAT32 EXE If the CSAT3 and PC are communicating successfully the Status window will report the message Good Data To gain access to the Long Status Message place the CSAT3 into the terminal mode by clicking on the Terminal Mode tab in the support software The CSAT3 will respond will the gt prompt If you are using some other telecommunications software you will have to issue the T command to enter the terminal mode and the D command to return to the normal operating mode data mode NOTE Back door commands will not be accepted by the CSAT3 if it is communicating with a Campbell Scientific datalogger via SDM The SDM communications must first be terminated by shutting down the program turning off the datalogger or disconnecting the brown SDM enable line from the
24. 01 1 00 3 0 0 wwind ms word2 0 001 2 00 The speed of sound reported by the CSAT3 is the average between the three sonic paths The relationship to find the speed of sound is given in TABLE B 6 Word 3 must be converted to a base 10 representation before applying the equation Appendix B Serial Communications with the CSAT3 TABLE B 6 Converting Speed of Sound from Word 3 Conversion Output Resolution mm s C 25 C speed of sound m s word 3 0 001 340 0 B 4 Word 4 Word 4 contains diagnostic information and the reporting range of ux uy and u wind speed The diagnostic flags bits b15 through b12 describe the status of the anemometer TABLE B 7 A flag is on if the bit is set high All the flags are on while the anemometer is acquiring signals or is in a lost trigger state TABLE B 8 TABLE B 7 Decoding the Diagnostic Flags from Word 4 Bit Set High b15 Difference in the speed of sound between The anemometer path length may have been altered the three non orthogonal axes is greater or the anemometer head is broken than 2 360 ms 4 C 25 C or on the transducer face transducer face was removed or on the transducer face Bits b11 through b06 are used in determining the range of the wind speed reported in words 0 through 2 Bits b05 through b00 are a diagnostic counter This counter increments once per measurement The minimum value is 0 and the maximum is 63 The co
25. 4 CSAT3 coordinate system and original noncaptive mounting hardware s n 0107 to 0630 ceceeceesecesecseecseecneeeseeeeeeeseeeeeeeseeerees 8 8 1 Typical average CSAT3 current drain at 12 VDC 17 Table of Contents 8 2 CSATS3 pipeline delays oraninin msie eare ea 17 11 1 Proper location of the top pn 17388 and bottom pn 17389 WICKS E A E E EE E ETT 38 11 2 P N 28902 CSAT3 Sonic Wick Spares Kit contents 39 11 3 CSAT3 running at 1 Hz and successfully communicating with the CSA Tiene Enn eb DRIED PD RE 40 11 4 Recommended settings for the wind vertical axis 41 11 5 Recommended settings for the wind vertical axis labels 41 11 6 Wind data from CSAT3 s n 315 wind offsets within specifications at 19 9C eee nnne 42 A 1 Magnetic declination for the conterminous United States 2004 A 1 A 2 A declination angle East of True North positive is subtracted from 360 0 degrees to find True North sssssss A 2 A 3 A declination angle West of True North negative is subtracted from 0 360 degrees to find True North sssssss A 2 A 4 USGS web calculator eese A 3 B 1 PC as the trigger source ssesssssssseeeeenee nennen B 3 B 2 CSAT3 as the trigger source ssssssseeeeeeneeenen eene B 3 Tables 3 1 SDM Addressing Scheme sese 5 Sal
26. 8 192 ms 4mms c 300 to 366 ms 16mms C50 to 60 C 0 026 C 2 3 Physical Description MEASUREMENT PATH LENGTH 10 0 cm vertical 5 8 cm horizontal TRANSDUCER PATH ANGLE FROM HORIZONTAL 60 degrees TRANSDUCER 0 64 cm 0 25 in diameter TRANSDUCER MOUNTING ARMS 0 84 cm 0 33 in diameter SUPPORT ARMS 1 59 cm 0 63 in diameter DIMENSIONS Anemometer Head 47 3 cm 1 x 42 4 cm h 18 6 in x 16 7 in Electronics Box 26 cm x 16 cm x 9 em 10 2 in x 6 3 in x 3 5 in Carrying Case 71 1 cm x 58 4 cm x 33 cm 28 in x 23 in 13 in WEIGHT Anemometer Head 1 7 kg 3 7 Ib Electronics Box 2 8 kg 6 1 Ib Shipping 16 8 kg 37 Ib CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer s 47 25 cm i i 1 59 cm dia oo 0 64 cm dia CSATA i 10 00 cm 60 mo 42 44 cm Z X zd Y Anemometer Head 2 4 Power Requirements VOLTAGE SUPPLY 10 to 16 Vdc POWER 2 4 W 60 Hz measurement frequency 1 2 W a 20 Hz measurement frequency 3 Initial Setup 3 1 Factory Settings Analog Outputs Off Execution Parameter 10 Hz see Section 10 3 and B 1 Trigger Source Internal Clock see Section 8 9 and B 1 SDM Address 3 see Section 3 2 6 1 and 10 3 RS 232 baud rate 9600 bps RS 0 see Section 12 and Appendix B Software RTS Off RI 0 see Section 12 and Appendix B Unprompted Output Off amp 0 see Appendix B The above settings can be chang
27. Atmospheric Physics Academic Press Inc New York Appendix C CSAT3 Measurement Theory Liu H Peters G and Foken T 2001 New Equations for Sonic Temperature Variance and Buoyancy Heat Flux with an Omnidirectional Sonic Anemometer Boundary Layer Meteorol 100 459 468 Schotanus P Nieuwstadt F T M and de Bruin H A R 1983 Temperature Measurement with a Sonic Anemometer and its Application to Heat and Moisture Fluxes Boundary Layer Meteorol 26 81 93 Wallace J M and Hobbs P V 1977 Atmospheric Science an Introductory Survey Academic Press Inc New York Appendix C CSAT3 Measurement Theory C 4 Appendix D SDM Communications and Long Signal Cables D 1 Brief Description of SDM Clock Rates The fastest rate that a datalogger and SDM sensors can communicate via the SDM bus is determined by the number of SDM sensors connected to the SDM bus properties of the cable used to connect the sensors resistance and capacitance and the scan interval This rate called the SDM clock rate has been optimized for the standard 7 62 m 25 ft SDM signal and power cable supplied with the CSAT3 The CSAT3 and SDMTrigger on the CR3000 CR1000 CR5000 CR800 850 and CR9000 X and the SDM CSAT3 P107 and SDM Group Trigger P110 on the CR23X 21X and CR10 X use this optimum SDM clock rate by default For cases when longer lead lengths are required the SDM clock rate may be slowed down using Instruc
28. B 4 Converting uy Wind from Word 1 see B 4 B 5 Converting uz Wind from Word 2 sse B 4 B 6 Converting Speed of Sound from Word 3 ssssssssse B 5 B 7 Decoding the Diagnostic Flags from Word 4 sess B 5 B 8 Special Case Not a Number sese B 5 B 9 RS 232 Status Response to the S or P Command B 6 D 1 Data from Example CR3000 SDM Clock Rate Search Program D 2 D 2 Data from Example CR23X SDM Clock Rate Search Program D 3 D 3 SDM Clock Rate Report ssssssseeeeeeeenennnenen D 3 Table of Contents CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 1 2 2 1 General The CSAT3 is an ultrasonic anemometer for measuring wind speed in three dimensions It uses three pairs of non orthogonally oriented transducers to sense the horizontal wind Each pair of transducers transmits and receives the ultrasonic signal The time of flight is directly related to the wind speed along the sonic transducer axis The speed of sound is directly related to the air density which is related to ambient temperature and humidity The CSAT3 can be used to measure average horizontal wind speed and direction or turbulent fluctuations of horizontal and vertical wind From the turbulent wind fluctuations momentum flux is calculated By finding the covariance between vertical wind and scalars sensible latent heat carbon dioxi
29. CSA TS ROWE coe an eee eis e ee Pus ede ete 9 5 2 _CSAT3 SDM Output to a CR3000 CR5000 and CR9000X D talogg6tx e eaa en tete aditus 9 5 3 CSAT3 SDM Output to a CR1000 CR800 850 CR23X and CRIO X D talogget eec tert EE b wagen us 9 5 4 CSAT3 SDM Output to a 21X Datalogger sees 10 5 5 CSAT3 SDM Output to a CR9000 Datalogger sss 10 5 6 CSAT3 RS 232 Output Pin Out esses 10 5 7 CSAT3 Analog Output Wiring sess 10 5 8 FWOS FWC L35 Fine Wire Thermocouple sss 11 6 1 CSAT3 Outputs 7 2 ont oet een tt deste tle eden 11 6 2 SDM Compatible Dataloggers seseeeeene 12 6 3 Calibration for Analog Outputs 13 10 1 CSATS3 Instruction Parameters 19 10 2 SDM CSAT3 P107 Instruction Parameters eese 19 10 3 CR3000 CR1000 CR5000 CR800 850 CR9000 X CR23X and 21X Execution Interval and CSAT3 Execution Parameter 21 10 4 CRIO X Execution Interval and CSAT3 Execution Parameter 21 10 5 Diagnostic Word sessssssessesseeeneneenennnen eene 22 10 6 CSAT3 Diagnostic Flags sssseeeeeeeenennee 23 10 7 Wiring for Program Example 1 sss 24 10 8 Wiring for Program Example 2 sss 29 B 1 RS 232 Command Codes sene B 2 B 2 RS 232 Output vices none zeit nere ege ds B 4 B 3 Converting ux Wind from Word 0 sse B 4
30. D 4814 AUSTRALIA www campbellsci com au info campbellsci com au Campbell Scientific Beijing Co Ltd 8B16 Floor 8 Tower B Hanwei Plaza 7 Guanghua Road Chaoyang Beijing 100004 P R CHINA www campbellsci com info campbellsci com cn Campbell Scientific do Brasil Ltda CSB Rua Apinag s nbr 2018 Perdizes CEP 01258 00 Sao Paulo SP BRASIL www campbellsci com br vendas campbellsci com br Campbell Scientific Canada Corp CSC 14532 131 Avenue NW Edmonton AB T5L 4X4 CANADA www campbellsci ca dataloggers campbellsci ca Campbell Scientific Centro Caribe S A CSCC 300 N Cementerio Edificio Breller Santo Domingo Heredia 40305 COSTA RICA www campbellsci cc info a campbellsci cc Campbell Scientific Ltd CSL Campbell Park 80 Hathern Road Shepshed Loughborough LE12 9GX UNITED KINGDOM www campbellsci co uk sales campbellsci co uk Campbell Scientific Ltd CSL France 3 Avenue de la Division Leclerc 92160 ANTONY FRANCE www campbellsci fr info campbellsci fr Campbell Scientific Ltd CSL Germany FahrenheitstraBe 13 28359 Bremen GERMANY www campbellsci de info campbellsci de Campbell Scientific Spain S L CSL Spain Avda Pompeu Fabra 7 9 local 1 08024 Barcelona SPAIN www campbellsci es info campbellsci es Please visit www campbellsci com to obtain contact information for your local US or international representative
31. DM CI SDM Clock White SDM C2 SDM Enable Brown SDM C3 Digital Ground Black G SDM Signal Shield Clear G Power Red 12 Vdc Power Reference Black G Power Shield Clear G EXAMPLE 2 Measuring the CSAT3 Using the SDM Output and a CR23X Datalogger CR23X 322 April 2001 Copyright c 2001 Campbell Scientific Inc All rights reserved Flags Flag 1 Set low default to configure the CSAT3 Set high after CSAT3 is configured 0 gt Compass coordinate system 3 gt Right handed coordinate system theta CSAT3 Transducers gt CSAT3 Block 29 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer df the CSAT3 head is pointing West of North above figure theta is negative If the CSAT3 head is pointing East of North theta is positive E The site attendant must enter the value of theta Search for the text string unique value to find the location where theta is entered Table 1 Program Ol 1 Execution Interval seconds Get the data from the CSATS3 M CSAT3 P107 1 Reps SDM Address Trigger and Get wind amp Ts data Ux Input Location Ux Configure the CSAT3 2 Do P86 1 1 Call Subroutine 1 Change the CSAT3 Ux and Uy to instantaneous compass wind direction 3 Z X P31 1 1 X Loc Ux 2 11 ZLoc Prop N 4 Z X F P37 1 2 X Loc Uy i F Z Loc Prop E Copy the CSAT3 Ux and Uy instantaneous wind to compute CSAT3 wind direction 5 Z X P31 1
32. IEEE4 NOT amp 1 f OR NOT disable flag on 2 FieldNames amp f Tot Average 1 panel temp IEEEA4 FALSE Average l1 batt volt IEEE4 FALSE EndTable Working Data Tables Compute the wind direction This data is output every OUTPUT_INTERVAL minutes DataTable wnd_vec TRUE 1 DataInterval 0 OUTPUT_INTERVAL Min 1 Compute wind direction from CSAT3 data WindVector 1 wind_east wind_ north EEE4 disable flag on 1 0 1 2 WindVector 1 Uy Ux EEE4 disable flag on 1 0 1 2 EndTable Dee Program BeginProg n 1 Set all CSAT3 variables to NaN Move Ux 5 NaN 1 Set the SDM clock speed SDMSpeed SDM PER Scan SCAN INTERVAL mSec 3 0 CRBasic datalogger panel temperature PanelTemp panel temp 250 Get CSAT3 wind and sonic temperature data CSAT3 Ux 1 3 91 CSAT_OPT Measure battery voltage Battery batt volt Copy and convert CSAT3 for compass wind vector computation wind east 1 Uy wind north Ux Define 61502 as NaN If diag csat NaN Then diag csat 61502 27 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer Break up the four CSAT3 warning flags into four separate bits diag csat work diag csat del T f diag csat work AND amp h8000 sig lck f diag csat work AND amp h4000 amp h f diag csat work AND amp h2000 amp f diag csat work AND amp h1000 Turn on the intermediate processing disable flag when any CSAT3 warning flag is
33. L35 can be mounted to the side of the anemometer block to measure temperature fluctuations Attach the female connector from the FWC L35 to the side of the anemometer with the short screw 2 56 0 437 inch pn 3514 that was provided with the thermocouple cover Insert the male connector of the FW05 into the female connector of the FWC L35 Finally attach the thermocouple cover to the anemometer block using the thumb screw so that both the FW05 and FWC L35 connectors are covered There are four military style connectors on the CSAT3 electronics box They are labeled as 12V SDM RS 232 Transducer Head and Analog Output Connect the cable from the anemometer head to the electronics box labeled Transducer Head The anemometer head cable is 2 13 m 7 ft in length Each of the signal cables is 7 62 m 25 ft in length Connect the appropriate signal cable to the electronics box See the TABLE 5 1 through TABLE 5 8 for details on the wire color scheme CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer CAUTION The CSAT3 electronics box contains unique calibration information for its respective sensor head Do not mismatch CSAT3 sensor heads and electronics Doing so will result in erroneous wind and speed of sound measurements NOTE Before extending the SDM signal cable read Appendix D NOTE Short haul modems wire or fiber optic may be used to lengthen the RS 232 communications cable Short haul modems do not include an RTS signal The CSAT3 s
34. North 39 Z X4Y P33 X Loc empss dir Y Loc theta Z Loc empss dir Ensure that the compass wind direction is positive 9 X Loc empss dir F Then Do 41 Z X F P34 1 14 X Loc empss dir 2 360 F 3 14 Z Loc empss dir 42 End P95 Ensure that the compass wind direction cmpss dir falls between 0 and 360 degrees 43 Z X MOD F P46 14 X Loc empss dir 2 360 F 3 14 Z Loc empss dir Ensure that the csat3 wind direction csat dir falls between between 180 and 180 degrees 44 If X lt gt F P89 1 17 X Loc csat_dir 2 gt 3 F 4 Then Do 45 Z X F P34 1 17 X Loc csat dir 2 360 F 3 17 Z Loc csat_dir CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 46 End P95 47 End P95 End Program Input Locations 10 Ux_copy 11 Prop N 12 Uy copy 13 wnd spd a 14 empss dir 15 dir std a 16 wnd spd b 17 csat dir 18 dir std b 19 zero 20 smpls 2 NaN csat 22 del T f 23 track f 24 amp h f 25 amp 1 f 30 diag work 31 8000h 32 4000h 33 2000h 34 1000h 35 theta 36 diag abs 11 Maintenance The CSAT3 like other ultrasonic anemometers is unable to measure wind when water droplets completely obscure the face of the transducers The wicks help remove some of the water however under some conditions may not be adequate The CSAT3 will be ready to measure wind as soon as the water droplets either evaporate or are removed by th
35. RS 232 drivers can be asserted by a software setting in the CSAT3 This setting will always power the RS 232 drivers independent of the RTS line Spark gaps model 6536 and 6361 may be required to protect against transients when using wire short haul modems Spark gap protection is not needed with fiber optic short haul modems TABLE 5 1 CSAT3 Power Battery Terminal Description Color Pin 12 Vde A Negative Power Reference Black B TABLE 5 2 CSAT3 SDM Output to a CR3000 CR5000 and CR9000X Datalogger Pin SDM CI SDM Data Green SDM C2 SDM Clock Brown TABLE 5 3 CSAT3 SDM Output to a CR1000 CR800 850 CR23X and CR10 X Datalogger Color Cl SDMDaa Gren D White CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer TABLE 5 4 CSAT3 SDM toa 21X Datalogg Output er Pi C I Digital Ground Black Shield _ Clear mc TABLE 5 5 CSAT3 SDM Output to a CR9000 Datalogger CR9000 Datalogger 9080 DB9 Pin Description 8 O SDM Clock ae ee SDM Enable Digital Ground Black Clear TABLE 5 6 CSAT3 RS 232 Output Pin Out Com Dmorm Color Pin DB9 Pin DB9 Pin Color Pin 2qD Red B 8 RTS 8 CTS TABLE 5 7 CSAT3 Analog Output Wiring Description ux sig high ux sig low uz sig high uz sig low c sig high White D 10 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer TABLE 5 8 FW05 FWC L35 Fine Wire Thermocouple Signal High Signal Low 6 CSAT3 Ou
36. Step 19 If Flag Port P91 19 Do if Flag 9 is High 2 30 Then Do Set NaN flag 20 Z F P30 1 1 F 0 Exponent of 10 3 21 Z Loc NaN csat 21 Else P94 Set sample used flag 22 Z F P30 1 1 F 0 Exponent of 10 3 20 ZLoc smpls 23 End P95 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 24 Z X P31 1 5 X Loc diag 2 30 Z Loc diag_work 25 If X lt gt F P89 1 30 X Loc diag work 2 2 gt 3 61440 F 4 30 Then Do 26 If X lt gt F P89 1 30 X Loc diag work 2 3d 3 61503 F 4 30 Then Do Set the F03F no data available flag 27 Z F P30 ia F 0 Exponent of 10 3 26 ZLoc FO3F f 28 Else P94 Set the delta temp del T f tracking track f amplitude high amp h f or amplitude low amp 1 f flag high if the CSAT3 is reporting those flags as set 29 Beginning of Loop P87 1 0 Delay 2 4 Loop Count 30 If X lt gt Y P88 30 X Loc diag work 2 3 gt 3 31 Y Loc 8000h 4 30 Then Do 31 Z F P30 1 1 F 0 Exponent of 10 3 22 ZLoc del T f 32 Z X Y P35 X Loc diag work Y Loc 8000h Z Loc diag work 33 End P95 34 End P95 35 End P95 35 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 36 36 End P95 37 End P95 Process CSAT3 Output data 38 Beginning of Subroutine P85 I3 Subroutine 3 Add the offset theta between the CSAT3 negative x axis and
37. able thus the SDM bit period is left at parameter 50 u Sec D 3 CR23X Example Connect all the SDM devices to the datalogger with the cable in question Download the example CR23X SDM search program to the datalogger after the program compiles set Flag 3 high to begin the experiment When Flag 2 is set low the experiment is complete The test makes 3 600 attempts to communicate with the SDM device at a frequency of 10 Hz The test takes 3 minutes to run Collect the data from the datalogger and run the example SPLIT parameters files SDM TRAN PAR and SDM PAR to sort the data Identify the correct SDM clock parameter to use for your system configuration from the report generated by the SPLIT parameter file SDM PAR Appendix D SDM Communications and Long Signal Cables Take the following case a 575 foot SDM signal and power cable is used to connect a CR23X datalogger and a single CSAT3 anemometer Communication between the CR23X and CSAT3 fails at the default SDM clock rate Thus a slower SDM clock rate must be used The example CR3X SDM clock rate search program generated the data in TABLE D 2 TABLE D 2 Data from Example CR23X SDM Clock Rate Search Program 150 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 253 254 255 151 100 99999 99999 100 99999 99999 100 99999 100 96 0 0 0 99999 99999 99999 99999 99999 99999 152 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 17 450 449 449 432 0 0 0 0 0 0 Run the SPLIT parameter file SDM_TRAN PAR on the
38. ach received signal Once it has acquired the signal it uses a tracking algorithm to adjust the start and end times of its search window based both on the Execution Parameter see Section 10 3 and the last measured ultrasonic time of flight The basis of this adjustment is that the dynamics of air movement prevent the time of flight changing by more than a certain amount in a given time The result of using this algorithm is that the width of this window in time can be kept to a minimum and measurements can be made at a higher frequency for an overall lower consumption of power when compared to using wider fixed windows Because the Execution Parameter is used as an important input to the tracking algorithm it must be set to match the frequency at which the anemometer is triggered The setting of this parameter and matching it to the trigger frequency are discussed in Section 8 7 3 Effects of Crosswind on the Speed of Sound NOTE The speed of sound is found by combining the out and back time of flight measurements see Eq 5 in Appendix C The parallel component of the wind along the sonic axis does not affect the measured speed of sound however the perpendicular component does The effects of the perpendicular component of wind can be accounted for online using the measured components of wind and simple trigonometry or off line using methods described by Schotanus et al 1983 and Liu et al 2001 The CSAT3 has always corrected for the
39. alogger Execution Interval seconds Datalogger Execution Frequency Hz CSAT3 Execution Parameter 0 203125 to 0 328125 4 923 to 3 047 0 34375 to 0 5 2 909 to 2 0 515625 to 1 1 939 to 1 21 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 22 Ux Input Location The Input Location to store the first of five data values to an EDLOG datalogger The CSAT3 returns the following data after receiving the Trigger and Get Data or Get Data after a Group Trigger command in the option parameter ux Uy Uz c or Ts and a diagnostic word where ux Uy and u are the wind speeds along the x y and z axes defined by the anemometer head see FIGURE 4 1 c is the speed of sound and T is the sonic virtual temperature The wind speed and the speed of sound are in units of m s and T is in degrees Celsius If the Reps option in parameter 1 is greater than 1 the number of sequential Input Locations used is Reps 5 10 4 Diagnostic Word The fifth output from the CSAT3 is the diagnostic word The diagnostic word describes the status of the anemometer and is useful in filtering data For example when the anemometer is locking in on the ultrasonic signals after receiving the acquire signals command the NaN or 99999 s it sends to the datalogger for the science data can be filtered out of the statistics based on the diagnostic word see the example program in Section 10 6 and 10 7 The CSAT3 SDM CSAT3 instruction P107 decodes the diagnostic word
40. ating range wind speed 30 ms azimuth angles between 170 Offset Error Ux Uy lt 8 cms uz lt 4 cm s7 Gain Error Wind vector within 5 of horizontal lt 2 percent of reading Wind vector within 10 of horizontal lt 3 percent of reading Wind vector within 20 of horizontal lt 6 percent of reading Wind Direction Accuracy 0 7 at 1 ms for horizontal wind 2 2 Output Signals The CSAT3 can output data to a data retrieval system using any of the following communications SDM Synchronous Device for Measurement RS 232 or analog output All the output signals have a two scan delay DIGITAL SDM A Campbell Scientific Inc 33300 bps serial interface for datalogger sensor communication Data type 2 byte integer per output plus 2 byte diagnostic and 2 byte configuration parameter DIGITAL RS 232 Baud rate 9600 bps or 19200 bps Data type 2 byte integer per output plus 2 byte diagnostic ANALOG Number of outputs 4 Voltage range 5 V Number of bits 12 CSATS3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer REPORTING RANGE SDM and RS 232 digital Outputs Full scale wind 65 535 m s autoranging between four ranges least significant bit is 0 25 to 2 mms Speed of sound 300 to 366 m s 50 to 60 C least significant bit is 1 mm s 0 025 C embedded code version 4 0 002 C embedded code version 3 ANALOG OUTPUTS Output Range LSB Ux Uy 32 768 ms 15mms 65 536 ms 30 mms Uz
41. atus Setup Trigger Blocks missed by CSAT3 o computer Analog Out orr J SerNbr 0315 ate FIGURE 11 3 CSAT3 running at 1 Hz and successfully communicating with the CSAT3 Double click on the vertical axis and set it up as shown in FIGURE 11 4 Next double click on the vertical axis label and set it up to report 2 significant digits FIGURE 11 5 40 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer Vertical Axis LINE ATTRIBUTES Intercept o a i Step Style Minor Ticks n I Sule Position C Right Left Logarithmic Scale C Middle Caes FIGURE 11 4 Recommended settings for the wind vertical axis Axis Labels Labels Position Text Parameters Left of Axis Right of Axis Foret Right of Plat Left of Plot Decimal C Scientific Engineering v Set precision Pace 2 gt FIGURE 11 5 Recommended settings for the wind vertical axis labels Collect and graph 1 minute of wind data from the CSAT3 while it is in the zero wind environment FIGURE 11 6 The wind offset should be less than 4 4cm 1 0 04 m s for ux and uy and less than 2 cm s 0 02 ms for uz If the CSAT3 wind offset is greater than these specifications contact Campbell Scientific Inc for an RMA number to recalibrate the CSAT3 41 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer XWind Y Wind 480 720 96 0 1200 1440 168 0 1920 216 0 24
42. d 4 A description of each word is given in TABLE B 2 B 3 Appendix B Serial Communications with the CSAT3 TABLE B 2 RS 232 Output b15b14b13b12 b11 b10 b07 b06 B 3 Words 0 through 3 The ux uy and u wind speeds are reported on one of four different ranges This range is given by bits b11 through b06 in word 4 In order to decode the wind speed first look at the wind speed range code then decode the data with the appropriate equations given in TABLE B 3 through TABLE B 6 The data in words 0 through 3 must first be converted into a base 10 representation before applying the equations in TABLE B 3 through TABLE B 6 TABLE B 3 Converting ux Wind from Word 0 Conversion Output Resolution mm s ux wind m s word 0 0 001 0 25 ux wind m s word 0 0 001 0 50 ux wind m sP word 0 0 001 1 00 ux wind m s7 word 0 0 001 2 00 TABLE B 4 Converting uy Wind from Word 1 Range Word 4 Range Code Conversion Output Resolution mm s y wind ms word 1 0 001 0 25 uy wind m s word 1 0 001 1 00 i9 b EE es EET SER EE 1 3 9 wwind ns word 0001 0 50 mee EE ER 53 9 1 9 Pay wine m word 1s 0001 2 00 TABLE B 5 Converting u Wind from Word 2 Range Conversion Output Resolution 50 06 mm s o 1 1 uz wind m s word 2 0 001 0 25 p 0 u wind m s word 2 0 001 0 50 2 0 1 wwind ms word2 0 0
43. d by the anemometer head see FIGURE 4 1 c is the speed of sound and Ts is the sonic virtual temperature The wind speed and the speed of sound are in units of ms and T is in degrees Celsius If the Reps option is greater than 1 the number of elements required in the destination variable is Reps 5 Reps The number of CSAT3s on the SDM bus that will be sequentially addressed with the CSAT3 SDM CSAT3 P107 instruction 19 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 20 CAUTION SDMAddress SDM Address The unique SDM Address of the CSAT3 connected to the datalogger In CRBasic dataloggers the CSAT3 address is entered as a base ten number In EDLOG dataloggers the CSAT3 address is entered as a base four number see TABLE 3 1 The SDM Address is sequentially incremented if the Reps option is greater than 1 The wind data and the speed of sound sonic virtual temperature is scaled by the instruction into m s and degrees Celsius SDM address 15 base 10 33 base 4 is a special address used during a Group Trigger Do not program the datalogger to address SDM address 15 33 Command Option 90 Trigger and Get Wind amp c Data sends a measurement trigger to the CSAT3 whose SDM address is specified in SDMAddress SDM Address parameter The CSAT3 also sends data to the datalogger Command Option 91 Trigger and Get Wind amp T Data sends a measurement trigger to the CSAT3 whose SDM address is specified in the SDMAd
44. d in product manuals Manuals are available at www campbellsci com or by telephoning 435 227 9000 USA You are responsible for conformance with governing codes and regulations including safety regulations and the integrity and location of structures or land to which towers tripods and any attachments are attached Installation sites should be evaluated and approved by a qualified engineer If questions or concerns arise regarding installation use or maintenance of tripods towers attachments or electrical connections consult with a licensed and qualified engineer or electrician General e Prior to performing site or installation work obtain required approvals and permits Comply with all governing structure height regulations such as those of the FAA in the USA e Use only qualified personnel for installation use and maintenance of tripods and towers and any attachments to tripods and towers The use of licensed and qualified contractors is highly recommended e Read all applicable instructions carefully and understand procedures thoroughly before beginning work e Wear a hardhat and eye protection and take other appropriate safety precautions while working on or around tripods and towers e Do not climb tripods or towers at any time and prohibit climbing by other persons Take reasonable precautions to secure tripod and tower sites from trespassers e Use only manufacturer recommended parts materials and tools Utility and El
45. de flux is directly be measured The sonic transducers are sealed and will not be damaged should they become wet The CSAT3 will continue to make wind measurements under rainy conditions however like all ultrasonic anemometers should the transducers be sufficiently obscured the CSAT3 will be unable to make further measurements The CSAT3 can be measured using SDM Synchronous Device for Measurements communications and a Campbell Scientific Inc datalogger All Campbell Scientific dataloggers that support the CSAT3 SDM instruction do so without a special operating system with the exception of the 21X and CR10 see TABLE 6 2 for compatible dataloggers The fine wire thermocouple used with the CSAT3 is the FWOS It is a 0 0005 inch diameter thermocouple mounted on a stainless steel bayonet A FWC L35 cable is required with the FW05 Four feet of the FWC L35 is bundled inside the enclosure to minimize conduction of heat into the terminal strips The remaining 31 feet permits mounting the FW05 to the side of the CSAT3 head Finally the thermocouple cover pn 10080 is placed over the connectors This cover is used to mount the connectors to the side of the CSAT3 head and minimize the temperature gradient across the omega brand connectors Specifications Measurements The CSAT3 measures wind speed and the speed of sound along the three non orthogonal sonic axes The wind speeds are then transformed into the orthogonal wind components ux u
46. des the block averaged output data have a fixed delay of two periods of the master trigger Data Pipeline Delay When the CSAT3 is triggered to take a measurement it determines the times of flight for all three transducer pairs This process takes between 12 to 18 mSec depending on the Execution Parameter After determining the times of flight the CSAT3 corrects these times of flight for transducer delays and then calculates the ux uy and u components of wind speed In addition it corrects each of the three sonic paths speed of sound for the effects of wind blowing perpendicular to the sonic path The three corrected speed of sound values are then averaged All the CSAT3 output signals SDM RS 232 and analog have the two measurement pipeline delay The wind speeds and speed of sound that are sent to the data acquisition system were measured by the anemometer two triggers ago see FIGURE 8 2 To optimize system performance the CSAT3 uses parallel processing techniques These techniques cause a two measurement delay between the trigger and data output This delay applies at all trigger frequencies When the covariance is found between the turbulence data from the CSAT3 and other scalar sensors the data from each sensor has to be aligned in time This can be done online with a datalogger CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 10 Datalogger Programming using SDM The CRBasic CSAT3 and EDLOG SDM CSAT3 P107 instructions ar
47. dress SDM Address parameter The CSAT3 also sends wind speed and sonic virtual temperature defined in Equation 9 in Appendix C via the SDM bus to the datalogger Command Option 92 Trigger and Get Wind amp c 340 Data sends a measurement trigger to the CSAT3 whose SDM address is specified in SDMAddress SDM Address parameter The CSAT3 also sends wind speed and the speed of sound minus 340 m s via the SDM bus to the datalogger Command Option 97 Get Wind and c 340 Data After a Group Trigger The CSAT3 specified in SDMAddress SDM Address parameter sends wind speed and the speed of sound minus 340 m s to the datalogger A new measurement is not triggered The CSAT3 SDM CSAT3 P107 Instruction must be preceded by the SDMTrigger Group Trigger P110 Instruction to use this option Command Option 98 Get Wind and Ts Data After a Group Trigger The CSAT3 specified in SDMAddress SDM Address parameter sends the wind speed and sonic virtual temperature defined in Equation 9 in Appendix C to the datalogger A new measurement is not triggered The CSAT SDM CSAT3 P107 Instruction must be preceded by the SDMTrigger Group Trigger P110 Instruction to use this option Command Option 99 Get Wind and c Data After a Group Trigger The CSAT3 specified in SDMAddress SDM Address parameter sends the wind speed and speed of sound to the datalogger A new measurement is not triggered The CSAT3 SDM CSAT3 P107 Instructi
48. e sr2718 command See Section 12 There are nine commands that may be sent to the CSAT3 over the RS 232 interface These commands are described below Before continuing on read the section that describes the CSAT3 Trigger Section 8 B 1 Appendix B Serial Communications with the CSAT3 Command Description Command timer measurements at the rate specified by the An command PC measurement now PC 1 CSAT3 timer measurement will be made in sync with the CSAT3 timer CSAT3 timer sync the CSAT3 timer CSAT3 timer CSAT3 timer Turn the analog outputs on with 32 m s full scale range in No change CSAT3 timer sync with the next trigger H SDM PC or Turn the analog outputs on with 64 m s full scale range in No change CSAT3 timer sync with the next trigger W 1 The CSAT3 will ignore this command if a datalogger SDM is triggering the anemometer 2 After the PC takes over as the trigger source it must continue to trigger the CSAT3 at the rate specified in the Execution Parameter An If the CSAT3 does not receive a trigger for three seconds it will enter the Lost Trigger state The Execution Parameter An will have to be issued in order for the anemometer to exit the Lost Trigger state 3 Acquire signal commands An Execution An Execution Parameter Parameter 4 The PC must send the second byte of this command 2 e within two seconds of the first byte or the anemometer will reset itself It will then
49. e Input Output instructions that control and retrieve data from the CSAT3 These instructions are available on the CR3000 CR1000 CR5000 CR800 850 CR9000 X and CR23X 21X with CSAT3 PROMs CR10X and CR10 with CSAT3 PROMs or library special PROMs 10 1 CRBasic CSATS Instruction The CSAT3 instruction is a five parameter CRBasic instruction to control and retrieve data from the CSAT3 The parameters for this instruction are given in TABLE 10 1 and described in Section 10 3 TABLE 10 1 CSAT3 Instruction Parameters CSAT3 Dest Reps SDMAddress Command Option 10 2 EDLOG SDM CSAT3 P107 Instruction The SDM CSAT3 P107 is a four parameter instruction The parameters are given in TABLE 10 2 and described in Section 10 3 TABLE 10 2 SDM CSATS3 P107 Instruction Parameters Parameter Data Default Number Type Description 01 2 Reps 02 2 SDM Address 03 2 Option 04 4 Ux Input Location 10 3 Datalogger Instruction Parameters Dest The destination variable to store the first of five data values to a CRBasic datalogger The variable must be declared as a float default with at least five elements The CSAT3 returns the following data after receiving the Trigger and Get Data or Get Data after a Group Trigger command in the Command parameter ux uy Uz c or Ts and a diagnostic word where ux uy and u are the wind speeds along the x y and z axes define
50. e station operator Remove the water droplets by dabbing a cotton swab or tissue on the face of the transducer 37 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 38 CAUTION 11 1 Wicks Lightly dab the face of the transducers to remove water droplets Applying excessive force on the face of the transducer may separate the matching layer from the brass housing There are no user serviceable components on the CSAT3 The only time the electronics box must be opened is to change the SDM address CSAT3 embedded code version 4 and the wicks work together to improve the performance of the CSAT3 in rainy conditions It is up to the station operator to decide whether the wicks are necessary or not If they are not gently remove the wicks from the transducers taking care not to damage or peal the matching layer rubber tips from the brass housing of the transducers Remove the wicks during the winter The wicks will accumulate snow or freezing rain to the point where the transducer face will be obscured The CSAT3 Sonic Wick Spares Kit pn 28902 consists of three top wicks three bottom wicks adhesive and an installation tool see FIGURE 11 2 The installation tool is used by placing a wick over the angled end of the tool placing the straight end of the tool gently against the transducer face and sliding the wick down the tool onto the transducer When installing the wicks ensure that the wicks are located in the proper position The top w
51. ectrical e You can be killed or sustain serious bodily injury if the tripod tower or attachments you are installing constructing using or maintaining or a tool stake or anchor come in contact with overhead or underground utility lines e Maintain a distance of at least one and one half times structure height 20 feet or the distance required by applicable law whichever is greater between overhead utility lines and the structure tripod tower attachments or tools e Priorto performing site or installation work inform all utility companies and have all underground utilities marked e Comply with all electrical codes Electrical equipment and related grounding devices should be installed by a licensed and qualified electrician Elevated Work and Weather e Exercise extreme caution when performing elevated work e Use appropriate equipment and safety practices e During installation and maintenance keep tower and tripod sites clear of un trained or non essential personnel Take precautions to prevent elevated tools and objects from dropping e Donot perform any work in inclement weather including wind rain snow lightning etc Maintenance e Periodically at least yearly check for wear and damage including corrosion stress cracks frayed cables loose cable clamps cable tightness etc and take necessary corrective actions e Periodically at least yearly check electrical ground connections WHILE EVERY ATTEMPT IS MADE
52. ed with a PC running the CSAT3 PC support software CSAT32 EXE and the RS 232 cable A copy of the CSAT3 PC support software is available from the Campbell Scientific web site in the Support Downloads section CSATS3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 3 2 SDM Address Each CSAT3 on the SDM bus must have a unique address A hex thumb switch within the electronics box is used to change the SDM address Remove the lid and orient the electronics box with the connectors pointing down The hex thumb switch is now located in the lower right hand side of the electronics box see TABLE 3 1 for SDM addresses CAUTION SDM address F hex is a special address used during a Group Trigger Do not set the hex thumb switch to SDM address F on the CSAT3 s CPU board TABLE 3 1 SDM Addressing Scheme CRBasic EDLOG CSAT3 Datalogger Datalogger Thumb Address Address Switch base 10 base 4 hexadecimal 4 Installation 4 1 Orientation The three components of wind are defined by a right handed orthogonal coordinate system The CSAT3 points into the negative x direction see FIGURE 4 1 If the anemometer is pointing into the wind it will report a positive u wind In general point the anemometer into the prevailing wind to minimize the amount of data that is contaminated by the anemometer s arms and other supporting structures CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 4 2 Mounting CAUTION CAUTION 1 31 inch OD Crossarm The c
53. effects of crosswind on the speed of sound and as of the printing of this manual the CSAT3 is the only commercially available sonic anemometer that corrects the speed of sound and ultimately the sonic temperature for the effects of wind blowing normal to the sonic measurement path The equations derived by Schotanus et al 1983 apply to sonic anemometers that make speed of sound measurements from a single pair of transducers Liu et al 2001 extends these equations to sonic anemometers that measure the speed of sound on all three axes and then averages the results to a single speed of sound as with the CSAT3 Liu et al 2001 assume that the geometry of each individual three dimensional anemometer is ideal when they derive the factors given in their Table 1 Liu et al 2001 recommends that CSAT3 sonic temperature variances and sonic sensible heat flux be corrected for the effects of cross wind However CSAT3 users need not make these corrections to their fluxes because the CSAT3 performs an online correction Correcting CSAT3 data off line for cross wind effects will cause errors in the measured fluxes 15 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 8 16 CSAT3 Trigger The CSAT3 takes a measurement of wind speed and the speed of sound when triggered from one of three different sources The trigger sources are the internal CSAT3 timer SDM communications or RS 232 communications In the case of the CSAT3 internal timer t
54. fic datalogger and a smart sensor This protocol uses SDM dedicated control ports CR3000 CR5000 and CR9000X or multipurpose control ports CR1000 CR800 850 to communicate with the CSAT3 SDM protocol allows synchronized measurement and rapid communication between a datalogger and the CSAT3 The CRBasic datalogger instruction CSAT3 is used to communicate with the CSAT3 over the SDM bus 6 1 2 EDLOG Dataloggers 6 1 3 CR9000 SDM is a Campbell Scientific communication protocol used between a Campbell Scientific dataloggers and a smart sensor This protocol uses SDM dedicated control ports CR23X or multipurpose control ports 21X or CR10 X to communicate with the CSAT3 With a 21X single ended analog input channel 1 labeled 1H and a 10 K resistor is used in conjunction with control port 1 SDM protocol allows synchronized measurement and rapid communication between a datalogger and the CSAT3 The EDLOG datalogger instruction SDM CSAT3 P107 is used to communicate with the CSAT3 over the SDM bus SDM communications between the CR9000 and CSAT3 is achieved via the 9 pin CSI serial I O port on the 9080 peripheral and memory card The CR9000 instruction CSAT3 is used to communicate with the CR9000 over the SDM bus T CSATS3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 6 2 RS 232 Output The Windows PC support software CSAT32 EXE can be used to graph the CSAT3 data in real time or collect time series via the RS 232 serial port A
55. h is reported as a negative value and is also subtracted from 0 360 degrees to find True North as shown in FIGURE A 3 Note that when a negative number is subtracted from a positive number the resulting arithmetic operation is addition For example the declination for Longmont CO 10 June 2006 is 9 67 thus True North is 360 9 67 or 350 33 as read on a compass Likewise the declination for Mc Henry IL 10 June 2006 is 2 68 and True North is 0 2 68 or 2 68 as read on a compass TRUE NORTH NEEDLE POINTS TO MAGNETIC NORTH FIGURE A 2 A declination angle East of True North positive is subtracted from 360 0 degrees to find True North TRUE NORTH AS NNS NEEDLE POINTS TO MAGNETIC NORTH FIGURE A 3 A declination angle West of True North negative is subtracted from 0 360 degrees to find True North Appendix A CSAT3 Orientation A 2 Online Magnetic Declination Calculator The magnetic declination calculator web calculator published by NOAA s Geophysical Data Center is available at the following url www ngdc noaa gov geomagmodels Declination jsp After the web page loads enter the site zip code or longitude and latitude then click on the Compute Declination button FIGURE A 4 NOAA s Geophysical Data Center Geomagnetic Data Mozilla Firefox DER File Edit View History Bookmarks Tools Help 6 ie x A g http www ngdc noaa g
56. he Execution Parameter exactly defines the trigger rate The Execution Parameter is set either via a SDM or RS 232 command Once set this value is stored in non volatile memory and is used thereafter If the CSAT3 is set to use its internal trigger it will take measurements at this rate until it is changed Note that the power consumption of the anemometer is dependent on the Execution Parameter and the trigger rate see FIGURE 8 1 Where an external trigger source 1s used it is important to make sure the trigger rate is greater than or equal to the Execution Parameter This is because as discussed above the Execution Parameter is used to define how much the wind speed could have changed from the previous reading If the anemometer is triggered too slowly under gusty conditions it is possible that the CSAT3 sets its search window to a point in time which misses the ultrasonic pulse This will give erroneous readings Conversely if the trigger rate 1s slightly higher than the Execution Parameter the CSAT3 will consume more power than necessary and at much higher rates the CSAT3 will simply not be able to take measurements at the speed required because it 1s analyzing wider time windows than necessary and it will run out oftime The latter will cause the CSAT3 to output 61503 as the diagnostic word indicating an overrun see Section 10 4 and B 4 If the SDM or PC fails to provide a trigger to the CSAT3 it will enter a lost trigger state
57. he data 23 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 24 TABLE 10 7 Wiring for Program Example 1 Description Color CR3000 SDM Data Green SDM CI SDM Clock White SDM C2 SDM Enable Brown SDM C3 Digital Ground Black G SDM Signal Shield Clear G Power Red 12 Vdc Power Reference Black G Power Shield Clear G EXAMPLE 1 Measuring the CSAT3 Using the SDM Output and a CR3000 Datalogger CR3000 Series Datalogger 28 December 2006 Copyright c 2006 Campbell Scientific Inc All rights reserved The following sensors are measured CSAT3 three dimensional sonic anemometer The site attendant must load in several constants and calibration values Search for the text string unique to find the locations where unique constants and calibration values are entered PipeLineMode P Constants Measurement Rate 10 Hz Const SCAN INTERVAL 100 100 mSec Output period Const OUTPUT INTERVAL 30 Online stats data output interval in minutes Const CSAT3 AZIMUTH 0 Unique value Compass azimuth of the x axis For the figure below CSAT3 AZIMUTH 90 gt Compass coordinate system Q gt Right handed coordinate system CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer X x E N CSAT3 Block CSAT3 Transducers V y S The program computes the compass wind direction using the constant CSAT3 AZIMUTH and a CSAT3 wind direction
58. ick must be flush with the transducer face with the wick tail located at the lowest point of the transducer FIGURE 11 1 left The end of the bottom transducer wick must extend above the transducer face by between one half and one mesh lines FIGURE 11 1 right Secure the wicks to the transducer with a drop of adhesive which is provided in the CSAT3 Sonic Wick Spares Kit pn 28902 Take care that the adhesive is not deposited on the transducer face FIGURE 11 1 Proper location of the top pn 17388 and bottom pn 17389 wicks CSATS3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer FIGURE 11 2 P N 28902 CSAT3 Sonic Wick Spares Kit contents 11 2 Calibration The CSAT3 is calibrated over the temperature range of 30 to 50 C standard or 40 to 40 C cold shifted The CSAT3 may or may not make measurements outside the calibration range Any measurements taken outside the calibration range will be suspect The CSAT3 does not require any field calibration WARNING The CSAT3 electronics box contains unique calibration information for its respective sensor head Do not mismatch CSAT3 sensor heads and electronics Doing so will result in erroneous wind and speed of sound measurements If the CSAT3 requires a calibration it will develop a wind offset greater than the specifications or it will set diagnostic flags under dry conditions with little to no wind and with no obstruction in the ultrasonic paths CSAT3s running embedded code
59. igital signal processing in embedded code version 4 The CSAT3 signal processing techniques result in slight differences in operation when compared to simpler sonic anemometers These differences include a start up delay before the system is fully functional plus a requirement for the correct triggering of the sensor to ensure a constant flow of synchronized data The general principles of operation are described in the following section After the CSAT3 transmits an ultrasonic signal from one of its transducers it records the received signal from the opposing transducer To optimize system performance the CSAT3 only looks for the received signal during a limited window in time The exact start and end times of the window is determined not only by the spacing between transducers but also by the current wind speed and speed of sound conditions CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer After power up or loss of signal the CSAT3 enters a mode where it tests the forward and return paths for each of the pairs of ultrasonic transducers This is called the acquire mode and takes about 10 seconds before normal output is available from the anemometer This delay is caused in part because the anemometer has no recent knowledge of the responses of the transducer pairs and in particular no past history of the wind speed and speed of sound During this acquire mode it has to search across quite wide windows in time to find the true arrival time of e
60. lable The anemometer has no new data In this case all the diagnostic bits are set high the range bits are low and all the counter bits are high This occurs immediately after the anemometer receives the acquire signal command from the datalogger e g a CSAT3 SDM CSAT3 P107 instruction with the Set Execution Parameter Command Option The no new CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer data condition also occurs when the datalogger s execution frequency inverse of the execution interval is much greater than the execution parameter the anemometer was told to use 61441 SDM Communications Error The datalogger and CSAT3 are unable to communicate correctly Extending the SDM cable beyond the standard 7 62 m 25 ft and not slowing down the SDM clock with the SDMSpeed instruction CRBasic or Instruction 115 CR23X or CR10 X or 108 21X is the most common cause of this error See Appendix D for details on identifying the appropriate SDM clock rate for a given cable length 61442 Wrong CSAT3 embedded code The CSAT3 is running a version of embedded code prior to version 3 Starting with embedded code version 3 and the CR5000 the configuration of the CSAT3 is done within the instruction rather than in separate datalogger code CSAT3s running a version of embedded code prior to 3 and deployed in systems using a CR3000 CR1000 CR5000 CR800 850 or CR9000X datalogger must upgrade to a version of CSAT3 embedded code that is 3 o
61. n Toggle between sending a RS 232 Synchronization code where n 0 means do not send the RS 232 synchronization code and n 1 means send the RS 232 synchronization code AA55 hex at the end of each RS 232 10 byte output As customary for the DOS environments the least significant byte 55 hex of the two byte word is transferred first br n Toggle the Baud Rate between 9600 and 19200 where n 0 is 9600 andn 1 is 19200 Note the baud rate is not changed until the RTS line is 43 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 44 deasserted e g RS 232 communicates have terminated The baud rate cannot be changed if RI 1 always power the RS 232 drivers Check the setting of RI in the Long Status Message ri n Toggle Rts Independent where n 0 means power the RS 232 drivers if RTS is asserted and n 1 means always power the RS 232 drivers Always powering the RS 232 drivers allows the use of short haul modems between the CSAT3 and PC sr2718 Save RAM contents with modified calibration parameters to non volatile EEPROM The command is ignored if the hardware jumper is set in normal operate mode center and right pins To change the hardware jumper between normal operate and save to EEPROM mode follow the steps below Remove all external connectors from the CSAT3 electronics box Place the electronics box on a workbench in front of you Orient the electronics box such that the connectors point to
62. north so true north for this site is 360 12 4 or 347 6 degrees The annual change is 7 minutes year or 7 minutes west per year Appendix A CSAT3 Orientation A 4 Appendix B Serial Communications with the CSAT3 B 1 CSAT3 RS 232 Commands The CSAT3 powers up its RS 232 drivers when it detects that the RTS request to send line has been asserted by the PC All RS 232 communications begin with the PC asserting the RTS line the CSAT3 responds by asserting the CTS clear to send line The PC must keep the RTS line asserted as long as it is communicating with the CSAT3 RS 422 communications and short haul modems do not include an RTS signal The CSAT3s RS 232 drivers can be asserted by a software setting in the CSAT3 This setting will always power the RS 232 drivers independent of the RTS line The unprompted output mode TABLE B 1 complicates anemometer data processing software because the original output format contains no fixed pattern to delimit the CSAT3 s 10 byte output record To configure the CSAT3 to output 12 byte records with the last two bytes being a fixed pattern of AA55 hex send an rs n where n 0 default means no synchronization code and n 1 means send the synchronization code to the CSAT3 As is customary in the DOS environment 55 hex 1s transmitted first followed by AA hex This configuration will be lost if the CSAT3 power is cycled To save this configuration into non volatile memory issue th
63. ntem eee etd nena dress 12 62 RS 232 Output i e eerie tiet en nett te heir dires 13 6 33 Analog Outputiccccciscccciee seccsses eee eiii 13 7 Operational Principles toe inni 13 7 1 Embedded Code Version 4 sss 13 7 2 Embedded Code Version 3 ssssssssssssssseeeeeee 14 7 3 Effects of Crosswind on the Speed of Sound 15 8 COAIS Trigger roecccao ien eee 1133 R e RC PB piiniat 16 8 1 Sampling Modes deren eee tede de 17 8 1 1 Single Measurement Mode sse 18 8 1 2 Oversample Mode scere erede 18 9 Data Pipeline Delay 18 10 Datalogger Programming using SDM 19 Table of Contents 10 1 CRBasic CSAT3 Instruction ssssseseeeeeenene 19 10 2 EDLOG SDM CSAT3 P107 Instruction seseeeee 19 10 3 Datalogger Instruction Parameters ssssssseeeee 19 10 4 Diagnostic Word esc Reese e tee e Ede vs 22 105 SDMTrigger SDM Group Trigger P110 sss 23 10 6 Example CRBasic Datalogger Program sssseeene 23 10 7 Example EDLOG Datalogger Program sssseeeene 28 11 Mainteriance icri retur obli mnnn nne 37 DE OWieksnuatassest eeep e ee toti eT E epe eR 38 14 2 Calibf tlOn x oec senec age REO ee 39 11 2 1 Cold Shifted Calibration sssssesseseeeeee 39 11 22 Test for Wind
64. on form and comply with the requirements specified in it The form is available from our web site at www campbellsci com repair A completed form must be either emailed to repair campbellsci com or faxed to 435 227 9106 Campbell Scientific is unable to process any returns until we receive this form If the form is not received within three days of product receipt or is incomplete the product will be returned to the customer at the customer s expense Campbell Scientific reserves the right to refuse service on products that were exposed to contaminants that may cause health or safety concerns for our employees Precautions DANGER MANY HAZARDS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INSTALLING USING MAINTAINING AND WORKING ON OR AROUND TRIPODS TOWERS AND ANY ATTACHMENTS TO TRIPODS AND TOWERS SUCH AS SENSORS CROSSARMS ENCLOSURES ANTENNAS ETC FAILURE TO PROPERLY AND COMPLETELY ASSEMBLE INSTALL OPERATE USE AND MAINTAIN TRIPODS TOWERS AND ATTACHMENTS AND FAILURE TO HEED WARNINGS INCREASES THE RISK OF DEATH ACCIDENT SERIOUS INJURY PROPERTY DAMAGE AND PRODUCT FAILURE TAKE ALL REASONABLE PRECAUTIONS TO AVOID THESE HAZARDS CHECK WITH YOUR ORGANIZATION S SAFETY COORDINATOR OR POLICY FOR PROCEDURES AND REQUIRED PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT PRIOR TO PERFORMING ANY WORK Use tripods towers and attachments to tripods and towers only for purposes for which they are designed Do not exceed design limits Be familiar and comply with all instructions provide
65. on must be preceded by the SDMTrigger Group Trigger P110 Instruction CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer CAUTION Command Option 90 91 98 or 99 must not be used to collect data from a CSAT3 running a cold shifted calibration see Section 11 2 1 Option 1 2 3 5 6 10 12 15 20 30 and 60 Set Execution Parameter tells the CSAT3 which measurement parameters to use and what frequency to expect the measurement trigger from the datalogger The datalogger Execution Interval and the appropriate CSAT3 Execution Parameter is summarized in TABLE 10 3 and TABLE 10 4 Option 61 and 62 Set Execution Parameter tells the CSAT3 to oversample Section 8 1 2 the wind measurements at a rate of 60 Hz and expect a trigger at a rate of 10 Hz option 61 or 20 Hz option 62 from a CR3000 CR1000 CR5000 CR800 850 CR9000 X CR23X or 21X datalogger Option 51 and 52 Set Execution Parameter tells the CSAT3 to oversample Section 8 1 2 the wind measurements at a rate of 48 Hz and expect a trigger at a rate of 8 Hz option 51 or 16 Hz option 52 from a CR10 X datalogger TABLE 10 3 CR3000 CR1000 CR5000 CR800 850 CR9000 X CR23X and 21X Execution Interval and CSAT3 Execution Parameter Datalogger Execution Interval Datalogger Execution Frequency seconds Hz CSAT3 Execution Parameter 20 0 1125t00 1625 8889006154 6 TABLE 10 4 CR10 X Execution Interval and CSAT3 Execution Parameter Dat
66. ors are pointing downward and the CSAT3 label is right side up Use a 1 2 inch wrench to tighten the nuts Connect the cable from the anemometer head to the connector on the electronics box labeled Transducer Head Se rz d 10 00 cm 60 T bg 26559 CM250 Leveling Mount FIGURE 4 1 CSAT3 coordinate system and current captive mounting hardware s n 0631 to current CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer CSAT3 amp sid 10 00 cm Z 8915 CSAT3 Boom 7 FIGURE 4 2 CSATS coordinate system and captive mounting hardware s n 0631 to current d CSAT3 lt arias 10 00 cm 60 FIGURE 4 3 CSATS coordinate system captive mounting hardware and cup washer s n 0107 to 0630 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 5 4 3 Leveling 10 00 cm FIGURE 4 4 CSAT3 coordinate system and original noncaptive mounting hardware s n 0107 to 0630 Over flat level terrain adjust the anemometer head so that the bubble within the level is in the bullseye Over sloping terrain adjust the anemometer head so that the horizontal surface that the bubble level is mounted on is parallel to the terrain Firmly grasp the sonic anemometer block loosen the bolt underneath the block and adjust the head accordingly Finally tighten the bolt with a 9 16 inch wrench 4 4 Fine Wire Thermocouple Wiring A fine wire thermocouple model FW05 and FWC
67. ov geomagmodels struts calcDeciination Yl S97 Google Most Visited gt Getting Started Latest Headlines S wonn s Geophysical Data center 3 B Data Dectination FAQ SPIDR home Software Weather WMM Links NOAA gt NESDIS gt NGDC gt Geomagnetism comments privacy policy Estimated Value of Magnetic Declination gt To compute the magnetic declination you must enter the location and date of interest If you are unsure about your city s latitude and longitude look it up online In the USA try entering your zip code in the box below or visit the U S Gazetteer Outside the USA try the Getty Thesaurus Search for a place in the USA by Zip Code Get Location Enter Location latitude 90S to 90N longitude 180W to 180E See Instructions for details Latitude 41 730637 On Os Longitude 111 780427 Oe Ow Enter Date 1900 2015 Year 2010 Month 1 12 6 Day 1 31 3 Compute Declination Declinations calculated with International Geomagnetic Reference Field IGRF Model Declination 12 24 E changing by 0 7 W year For more information visit Answers to some frequently asked questions Instructions for use Today s Space Weather Compass shows the approximate bearing of the magnetic north MN FIGURE A 4 USGS web calculator The declination for Logan UT is 12 4 degrees 3 June 2010 As shown in FIGURE A 4 the declination for Utah is positive east of
68. plied The warranty for installation services performed by CSI such as programming to customer specifications electrical connections to Products manufactured by CSI and Product specific training is part of CSI s product warranty CSI EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS AND EXCLUDES ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE CSI hereby disclaims to the fullest extent allowed by applicable law any and all warranties and conditions with respect to the Products whether express implied or statutory other than those expressly provided herein Assistance Products may not be returned without prior authorization The following contact information 1s for US and international customers residing in countries served by Campbell Scientific Inc directly Affiliate companies handle repairs for customers within their territories Please visit www campbellsci com to determine which Campbell Scientific company serves your country To obtain a Returned Materials Authorization RMA contact CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC INC phone 435 227 9000 After an application engineer determines the nature of the problem an RMA number will be issued Please write this number clearly on the outside of the shipping container Campbell Scientific s shipping address is CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC INC RMA 815 West 1800 North Logan Utah 84321 1784 For all returns the customer must fill out a Statement of Product Cleanliness and Decontaminati
69. r greater TABLE 10 6 CSAT3 Diagnostic Flags Bit Set High Description Comment b15 Difference in the speed of The anemometer path length may sound between the three have been altered or the non orthogonal axes is anemometer head is broken greater than 2 360 m s 4 C 25 C b14 Poor signal lock There may be an obstruction in the anemometer path or on the transducer face b13 Sonic signal amplitude too An obstruction in the anemometer high path or on the transducer face was removed b12 Sonic signal amplitude too There may be an obstruction in the low anemometer path or on the transducer face 10 5 SDMTrigger SDM Group Trigger P110 A SDM Input Output instruction that controls SDM devices that support the group trigger protocol including the CSAT3 Up to 15 group trigger devices can be connected to the SDM bus All group trigger devices are triggered to make simultaneous measurements with the SDMTrigger SDM Group Trigger P110 The data from each device is then retrieved with the appropriate device specific instruction For the CSAT3 the CSAT3 SDM CSAT3 P107 Instruction with the Get data after Group Trigger Command Option 97 98 or 99 is used to retrieve the data 10 6 Example CRBasic Datalogger Program In the following example a CR3000 is used to collect data from the CSAT3 using SDM communications The CR3000 will trigger each wind measurement over the SDM bus and retrieve t
70. s wnd dir csat3 degrees Units std wnd dir degrees Diagnostic variables Dim disable flag on 2 AS Boolean Intermediate processing disable flags Dimn Number of samples in the online stats Units n samples Working variables Dim wind east East wind in compass coordinate system Dim wind north North wind in compass coordinate system Dim diag csat work AS Long Final Output Data Tables Online stats data DataTable stats TRUE 1 DataInterval 0 DUTPUT INTERVAL Min 10 Average 1 Ts IEEE4 disable flag on 1 StdDev 1 Ts IEEE4 disable_ flag on 1 Average 1 Ux IEEEA disable flag on 1 StdDev 1 Ux IEEEA disable flag on 1 Average 1 Uy IEEEA disable flag on 1 StdDev 1 Uy IEEEA disable flag on 1 Average 1 Uz IEEEA disable flag on 1 StdDev 1 Uz IEEE4 disable_ flag on 1 Sample 1 wnd dir compass IEEE4 Sample 1 wnd dir csat3 IEEE4 Sample 1 wnd spd IEEE4 Sample 1 rslt wnd spd IEEE4 Sample 1 std wnd dir IEEE4A Totalize 1 n IEEEA disable flag on 1 Totalize 1 n IEEE4 NOT disable flag on 1 OR disable flag on 2 FieldNames csat warnings CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer Totalize 1 n IEEE4 NOT del T f OR NOT disable flag on 2 FieldNames del T f Tot Totalize 1 n IEEE4 NOT sig lck f OR NOT disable flag on 2 FieldNames sig lck f Tot Totalize 1 n IEEE4 NOT amp h f OR NOT disable flag on 2 FieldNames amp h f Tot Totalize 1 n
71. t a SDM parameter The fastest SDM clock rate that can be used with a particular system setup can be found from the failure array by selecting the first clock parameter with zero failures To provide a safety margin select the next slowest clock parameter Test the new SDM clock rate in the datalogger program that will be used during the experiment Copies of the SDM search programs for the CRBasic and EDLOG dataloggers Section D 1 and D 2 are available on the Campbell Scientific web site in the Support Downloads section Run these programs if the datalogger is having problems communicating with CSAT3 Section 10 4 D 1 Appendix D SDM Communications and Long Signal Cables D 2 CR3000 Example Connect all the SDM devices to the datalogger with the cable in question Download the example CRBasic SDM search program to the datalogger This program will test the SDM communications between a CRBasic datalogger and a CSAT3 LI 7500 or both a CSAT3 and LI 7500 After the program compiles use the CRBasic keyboard and set the menu items Test CSAT3 and Test LI 7500 to the appropriate values To start the test set the menu item Start Test to Yes The test is complete when the menu item Start Test is reset to No The test makes about 3 000 attempts to communicate with the SDM devices With the CR3000 and CR5000 the test takes about 5 minutes to complete With the CR1000 the test takes about 25 minutes to complete To
72. t the new algorithm significantly improves the anemometer s ability to obtain measurements under conditions of low signal to noise ratio e g during rain events Additionally the water wicks installed on the CSAT3 transducers contribute to improved performance during rain events by preventing large drops from accumulating on the transducer faces 7 2 Embedded Code Version 3 WARNING The CSAT3 measures wind speeds and the speed of sound by determining the time of flight of sound between pairs of transducers as described in Appendix C However unlike many other commercial anemometers it does not use simple threshold detection to determine the ultrasonic times of flight Instead it uses advanced digital signal processing techniques and pattern recognition algorithms which in comparison to other systems results in more accurate lower noise measurements The pattern recognition algorithms allow the system to quickly detect and indicate a degradation of signal quality and system performance As a consequence a CSAT3 running embedded code version 3 was highly sensitive to rain droplets on the transducers faces Placing wicks on a CSAT3 running embedded code version 3 will not improve the CSAT3s performance in the rain The wicks prevent large drops of water that completely obscure the sonic signals from accumulating on the transducer faces and are part one of a two part solution in operating in rainy conditions The second part is in the d
73. terminate the test before the test is complete set the menu option Start Test to No Collect the data table report Take the following case a 100 m 328 1 ft SDM signal and power cable is used to connect a CR3000 datalogger and a single CSAT3 anemometer Communication between the CR3000 and CSAT3 fails at the default SDM bit period of 30 n Sec Thus a longer SDM bit period slower SDM clock rate must be used The example CR3000 SDM clock rate search program generated the data in TABLE D 1 TABLE D 1 Data from Example CR3000 SDM Clock Rate Search Program TOA5 CR3000_usb CR3000 1138 CR3000 Std 05 02 CPU Sdm_cr3kv1_3 cr3 21566 report RECORD SDM Period All Fail Tot CSAT sig Tot CSAT NaN Tot IRGA sig Tot IRGA_NaN_Tot Number Attempts CSAT3 LI 7500 RN 0 1 2 3 uSec Smp 30 40 50 60 samples samples samples samples samples unitless Smp Smp Smp Smp Smp Smp Smp Smp 2 2 0 0 0 2984 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 From the results in TABLE D 1 the shortest bit period fastest SDM clock rate that the SDM bus could run without encountering communication errors would be with a bit period of 40 n Sec However to have a safety margin a value of 50 uSec is used for the SDM bit period The SDM bit period was set to 50 Sec and tested the system program The test showed that using a SDM bit period of 50 uSec in the SDMSpeed instruction did not cause the CR3000 to skip scans Status T
74. tion SDMSpeed CRBasic dataloggers or Set SDM Clock P108 for a 21X and P115 fora CR23X and CR10 X The SDM Clock rate is changed by entering a bit period for the CRBasic dataloggers or a parameter between 1 and 255 where 1 is the fastest SDM clock rate and 255 is the slowest for the EDLOG dataloggers Campbell Scientific has written a datalogger program that will find the appropriate SDM clock rate for a given system configuration The example programs start with the default SDM clock rate and systematically slow the rate down until there are no SDM communication errors They then begin to speed up the rate until SDM communications fails The processes of slowing down and speeding up the SDM clock rate around the fail threshold continues for approximately three minutes The CRBasic dataloggers output a single data table called report The fastest SDM clock rate that can be used with a particular system setup can be found from the All Fail Tot element by selecting the first bit period with zero failures To provide a safety margin select the next slowest bit period Test the new SDM clock rate in the datalogger program that will be used during the experiment The EDLOG dataloggers output three arrays The first array ID 150 is the SDM parameter the second array ID 151 is the number of failures at a SDM parameter as a percent of attempts at that SDM parameter and the third array ID 152 is the number of attempts a
75. tputs The CSAT3 has three signal outputs SDM RS 232 and analog Campbell Scientific recommends that the SDM output be used whenever possible followed by RS 232 and finally analog TABLE 6 1 summarizes the difference between the three output options In general SDM communications has the following advantages lowest CSAT3 current drain best control and diagnostics and highest data resolution TABLE 6 1 CSAT3 Outputs RS 232 Typical 89 mA 99 mA Current Drain 12 Vdc 12 Vdc 10 Hz External Trigger yes no Source Output Range Diagnostics yes no Available 6 1 SDM Output SDM is a Campbell Scientific communication protocol used between a Campbell Scientific datalogger and a smart sensor TABLE 6 2 lists all the Campbell Scientific dataloggers that support SDM communications along with the required datalogger OS PROM and CSAT3 embedded code 11 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 12 TABLE 6 2 SDM Compatible Dataloggers Datalogger Datalogger PROMs or Requires CSAT3 Operating System OS embedded code 6145 3 6146 5 10006 1 2 1 or gt 6148 5 6149 7 6070 64 2 1 or gt 5954 396 2 1 or gt Library Special 2 1 or gt OS 1 4 or gt 2 1 or gt All OS 2 1 or gt 2 01 or gt 2 1 or gt All OS 3 0 or gt AIL OS 3 0 or gt AIL OS 3 0 or gt All OS 3 0 or gt All OS 3 0 or gt 6 1 1 CRBasic Dataloggers SDM is a Campbell Scientific communication protocol used between a Campbell Scienti
76. unter wraps from 63 to 0 when the maximum value is incremented by one TABLE B 8 Special Case Not a Number Not a Number Conditions B 5 CSAT3 RS 232 Status Format The CSAT3 returns a 10 ASCII byte status in response to a S or P command This status provides information on the CSAT3 s Trigger Source and the Execution Parameter It also indicates if the analog outputs are on off if the CSAT3 is reporting good data and serial number of the CSAT3 This software serial number matches those on the anemometer head and electronics box B 5 Appendix B Serial Communications with the CSAT3 TABLE B 9 RS 232 Status Response to the S or P Command e Value 0 CSAT3 Timer see TABLE B 1 32ms Acquiring Signals CSI Mode 8 U Unprompted s Q N l un J z 2 64ms 2 Lost Trigger Il Byte o EE Appendix C CSAT3 Measurement Theory C 1 Theory of Operation C 1 1 C 1 2 Wind Speed Each axis of the CSAT3 pulses two ultrasonic signals in opposite directions The time of flight of the first signal out is given by to 1 c ua and the time of flight of the second signal back is given by where t is the time of flight out along the transducer axis tp is the time of flight back in the opposite direction ua is the wind speed along the transducer axis d is the distance between the transducers and c is the speed of sound The wind speed u along any
77. urrent mounting configuration for the CSAT3 includes a CM250 Leveling Mount which should be mounted on the end of a 1 31 inch diameter crossarm such as the CM20X Mount it so that the bolt on the end points upward and secure it in place by tightening the set screws with the 3 16 inch Allen wrench that came with the CM250 The CSAT3 is then mounted to the CM250 by screwing the bolt into the anemometer block See FIGURE 4 1 Do not carry the CSAT3 by the arms or the strut between the arms Always hold the CSAT3 by the block where the upper and lower arms connect Older CSAT3s were mounted with a boom design In this case the sonic anemometer is mounted to a vertical 3 4 inch diameter US bore pipe with a 3 4 inch by 3 4 inch crossover fitting pn 1017 The fitting 1s included with the CSAT3 The fitting will accommodate up to a 1 inch outside diameter pipe Attach the crossover fitting to the vertical pipe and lightly tighten the vertical set screws Insert the horizontal mounting arm into the crossover fitting and lightly tighten the horizontal set screws Point the horizontal arm into the prevailing wind Tighten all the fitting set screws Mount the anemometer head to the horizontal arm Lightly tighten the bolt underneath the anemometer block see FIGURE 4 2 FIGURE 4 3 and FIGURE 4 4 Over tightening bolts will damage or deform the mounting hardware Attach the electronics box to the body of the tripod or tower Make sure the connect
78. wards your body and the silk screening on the CSAT3 electronics box lid is pointing towards the ceiling These instructions reference the location of various components as top bottom left and right The Campbell Scientific logo is in the top left corner of the electronics box lid Loosen the four electronics box cover retaining screws with the large Phillips screw driver Remove the electronics box cover to gain access to the printed circuit board Locate the CSAT3 processor s surface mount socket on the CPU Board The processor is a large chip located near the center of the printed circuit board The label on the processor will have the Campbell Scientific logo on it as well as the embedded code version number Locate the row of three pins above and a little to the left of the processor These pins run from left to right and there is a movable jumper connecting the center pin and the right pin Note be sure to return the jumper to the normal operating position center and right pins When the jumper is on the center and right pins the CSAT3 is in the normal operate mode When the jumper is on the left and center pins the CSAT3 is in the save to EEPROM mode Appendix A CSAT3 Orientation A 1 Determining True North and Sensor Orientation The orientation of the CSAT3 negative x axis is found by reading a magnetic compass and applying the site specific correction for magnetic declination where the magnetic declination is the number of
79. y and u and are referenced to the anemometer head the reported speed of sound c or sonic virtual temperature Ts is the average between the three non orthogonal sonic axes The errors caused by wind blowing normal to the sonic path are corrected online before the wind speed is transformed into orthogonal coordinates It is not necessary to apply the speed of sound correction described by Liu et al 2001 The CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer CSAT3 can be configured to make a single measurement per trigger or multiple measurements that are centered around the trigger oversampled OUTPUTS ux uy uz and c Ux Uy Uz are orthogonal wind components referenced to the anemometer head c is the speed of sound SPEED OF SOUND determined from 3 acoustic paths corrected for crosswind effects MEASUREMENT RATE programmable from 1 to 60 Hz instantaneous measurements two oversampled modes are block averaged to either 20 Hz or 10 Hz MEASUREMENT RESOLUTION ux and uy are 1 mm s rms u is 0 5 mm s rms c is 15 mm s 0 025 C with embedded code version 4 standard c is 1 mm s 0 002 C with embedded code version 3 wind direction is 0 06 degrees rms Values are the standard deviations of instantaneous measurements made of a constant signal The noise is unaffected by the sample rate OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE 30 to 50 C standard 40 to 40 C cold shifted ACCURACY 30 to 50 C and 40 to 40 C oper

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents

取扱説明書を必ずご参照ください - フクダ エム・イー工業株式会社  Bosch GBH 4-32 DFR-Set  なお、 この取扱説明書はお手元に大 切に保管してください。  DVR365 Series II (Silver) - Instruction Manual  Hasbro 71073/71070 Games User Manual  Operators Manual Manual del Operador Bruksanvisning  取扱説明書 （PDF 398.7KB  Calormatic GS-300  Symphonic STL20D5 TV DVD Combo User Manual  Ocean Central Help - RTI Electronics Manuals  

Copyright © All rights reserved. Failed to retrieve file