udvikling af markedsfremmende værktøjer og best
Contents
1. Select destination and press ENTER or choose Paste Fig 5 3 Spreadsheet tpsys02 calculations v1001 after paste of raw ite Rawdata is now imported to the Hukseflux spreadsheet and this file should be saved with an appropriate name before going ahead It is recommended to use the Exp Id numbers in the name of this file For instance if we are studying the measurements with Exp Id from 22 to 44 the file should be saved with the name 22 44 tpsysO2 calculations v1001 5 3 Visual inspection of the graph For visual inspection of the graph open the first sheet in the tpsys02 calculations v1001 file the one named Result sheet in Figure 5 2 This sheet contains different areas with yellow and blue cells Figure 5 4 shows upper left part of the sheet The yellow cells are explanations or cells where data should be entered by the user The blue cells are where data are read from data file or calculated by the built in macros Besides there are two curves in the Result sheet one shows Visual analysis in logarithmic time and the other shows Rawdata thermocouple signal in normal time The first one is the one where the slope should be examined D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity 22 GEQOENERGY Closed loop boreholes knowledge tools and best practice ALB D E F G HO O p This analysis sheet is suitable for measur2. Measurement of Thermal Conductivity Appendix D Dec 2013 Appendix D Sample preparation for thermal conductivity mesurement the sample material is transported to the surface suspended in the mud At the surface the mud is flushed out in a container where the cuttings will settle to some degree before the mud again is pumped down in the inner drill pipe Sample is collected by sifting the mud in a sieve see Figure 3 K r sJ ky AN na N X 4 lt i a eae oO _ i 4 n o SN v r RN a a M NR Figure 3 Sampling of cuttings from drilling mud using a sieve Drilling site Glud 2010 Company Geodrilling Core samples have the best quality of drilling samples because this method generally will preserve the internal original soil structures which in some cases can influence the thermal conductivity of the material Figure 4 shows a core sampling from a sonic drilling rig The sonic method operates by pressing steel pipes down in the soil during high vibration of the pipes no mud is circulating like in the rotary drilling method The steel pipes used for core samples are open in the bottom end for the soil to enter the pipe Later the soil material is pressed out from the steel pipe into for in stance long plastic barrels as seen in Figure 4 These core samples will only need a minimum of preparation before measuring of thermal conductivity When the purpose of the sonic drilling is to make a borehole
3. Add a folder inside the folder Raw Data and Results named with the data when the measurements have been performed e For instance if today is the 1 July of 2013 a name like 01 07 2013 should be used e Copy the two dat files in the created folder IMPORTANT gt ALWAYS REMEMBER to safe the files immediately after data collection at the end of each day 4 5 About raw data A set of raw data from one measurement has typical 400 records as the temperatures in the sensors are logged every half second during a 200 sec countdown period The type of information in each record is shown in Figure 4 3 from Hukseflux manual 3 RawData in this table contains raw directly measured data These data can be used for further analysis U cold Voltage signal from the cold thermocouple junction only TPO2 probe Pt_1000 Temperature signal from the Pt1000 in the probe base Temperature signal of the hot thermocouple junction Fig 4 3 Type of information stored in the raw data file From 3 D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity 19 GEQOENERGY Closed loop boreholes knowledge tools and best practice 5 ANALYSING DATA The thermal conductivity shown as lamda in numeric view is a calculation made by the instrument The calculation is based on a graph where At from the sensors in the probe is plotted as a function of the natural logarithm of time After a transie
4. is at VIA s Energy lab interpreted as the 95 confidence interval Perfect conditions requires e that the needle is static and totally inserted in the material e good thermal contact between needle and material e no migration of moisture or liquid in the material e stable thermal equilibrium between probe base needle and sample To visualize the expected accuracy VIA has modified the spreadsheet from Hukseflux slightly so the above 3 0 02 W mkK is directly calculated in a cell named standard deviation on lambda must be less than see the red framed cell in Figure 5 5 If the standard deviation is higher than the red framed cell in the actual result sheet then it can be necessary to do more test on the same sample to see if the result can be reproduced improved However the repeated measurement could take several days as stable thermal condition must occur between repeated measurements Also if you are not sure which linear part of the curve to take you can consider an average of different line trends and consider the deviation from the average to add to the uncertainty However this may vary from sample to sample D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity 24 GEQOENERGY Closed loop boreholes knowledge tools and best practice 6 REFERENCES References 1 Verein Deutcher Ingenieure VDI 4640 Thermal use of the underground Part 1 Table 1 June
5. 20 10 40 eat_time 0 00 Heating_on type MeasurementR_lambda Exp_ld 581 00R_Heat_time Countdown 200 00R_Exp_ld Remark true R_P_stability falselambda_ref lambda_sd 0 09R_T_Drift false FASER A R_P_High falseln_t1 T_average 19 82R_P_Low trueln t2 P heat m 4 40R sig stability falseLow heating false High heating Bem falselambda cal Fig 3 9 Numeric Display shows the different parameters for measurements The most important ones are marked with red frame The parameters to take into account in the Numeric Display and to write down in the documentation form Appendix A are the following Exp id is the experiment number given by the system This will count automatically VIA has measured over 700 samples until the system in May 2013 was reset because of battery change and calibration In November 2013 after reset in May the Exp id number is over 600 Re is the resistance of the probe a value graved into the needle by the supplier In Figure 3 9 the resistance of the probe is 82 73 ohm m VIA has 4 probes each one with individual resistance The values of the 4 probes are written at the bottom of the documentation form You can change the value of Re by overwriting the current value in numeric display Tdiff means the difference between the two temperature sensors in the probe shown in Figure 2 2 long needle and Figure 2 3 short needle If this difference is too big the medium is not in a stable thermal equilibrium
6. Connecting problems with software In the Connect Screen click on Connect button that now will change to Disconnect as it is shown in Figure 3 6 Deus Disconnect Fig 3 6 The button Connect change to Disconnect after start D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity 12 GEQOENERGY Closed loop boreholes knowledge tools and best practice 3 5 Inserting the needle After start of the system the needle must be inserted in the middle of the sample by a firm sensitive push Be aware of the importance of quick opening and closing the climate chamber door to avoid temperature disturbances of the sample and probe Typically the sample will have a wet surface due to the preferred standard condition at VIA Energy lab where samples are saturated with water before measuring see also Appendix D about sample preparation Fig 3 7 Needle inserted in a sample 3 6 Checking the parameters in numeric display After the needle has been inserted and the climate chamber door closed you can start to fill in the empty fields in the documentation form with info about the sample Next step is to check the values for the numeric screen This screen can be obtained by pressing the lower button 1 in the Data Displays area of the Connect Screen see red circle in Figure 3 8 At this point the CR 1000 Numeric Display will appear see Fig
7. Nan 100 0011 In_t1 82 73In_t2 0 19 Exp_Id 0 19 Batt_Volt 0 00 Cal_OK 20 58 19 97 ec 20 00 Exp Id 0 03 Heat time 0 00 Heating on false High_heating false lambda false lambda_cal false lambda_ref false lambda_sd false In_t1 false In_t2 false Low_heating Numeric CI Pause Ports and Flags Elapsed Time 0 00 38 02 nt with Logger net menu the connect screen the When the countdown reaches100 seconds the difference between T_hot and T_cold starts to increase This is the heating period Heat_time in Figure 3 9 where the voltage impulse is emitted and the temperature increase occur Once the Countdown has reached 0 a value for lambda A will show up this is the measured thermal conductivity in W mK Also lambda_sd will show up this is the standard deviation Both values must be written down in the documentation form see Figure 2 4 and Appendix A Now it is time to check if the system gives any Remark this can be seen in the Ports and Flags display indicated by a green light in the button labeled Remark see Figure 3 10 If this is the case the individual remarks will be indicated by green lights in the Ports and Flags display The specific remarks must be written down in the documentation form An explanation of all remarks in the Ports and Flags menu can be found in Appendix B D8 Guidelines for
8. in the manuals from Hukseflux 2 and 3 The main components in the systems are Measuring probe TP02 long needle or TP08 short needle Measuring box CR1000 also named MCU box PC or laptop connected to the measuring box Climate chamber to stabilize the temperature of the samples The required software to operate the system are e LoggerNet version 3 4 1 collecting measurement data e Excel spreadsheet from Hukseflux tpsysO2 calculations v1001 to analyze the measured data In the below Figure 2 1 the system design and components are shown in overview copied from the Huxeflux manual where no climate chamber is included 3 Fig 2 1 The component of the Hukseflux thermal conductivity system From 3 1 Probe with sensors TPO2 long needle or TPO8 short needle 2 PC or in the case of Energy Lab HP laptop 3 Soil Sample Climate Chamber not shown 4 Measuring box CR 1000 Measurement and Control Unit MCU 5 PC cables and USB port 6 Adaptor cable connected to the electrical contact Power Supply Climate chamber Termaks Cooling Incubator KB8400 is not shown The needles also have a hood to protect them while not in use A very important issue 1s that the equipment should be turned off once the measurements are finished every day D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity GEQOENERGY Closed loop boreholes knowledge tools and best pra
9. 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 13 227247 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 13 04 5 227248 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 13 227249 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 13 05 5 227250 0 0295547 20 69337 19 99333 12 04 2012 13 13 227251 0 028898 20 64653 19 94645 13 06 5 227252 0 028898 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 13 227253 0 028898 20 64653 19 94645 13 07 5 227254 0 028898 20 64653 19 94645 40 12 04 2012 13 13 227255 0 028898 20 64653 19 94645 M 4 gt M CR1000_RawData_ID 577_578 3 Ready cop eo oO oO OR OOOO ORO BOD OOOO oOG Oo ow co eicioioioi9piscoioio io isoioioicoicoioicoioioicoicoioicoiscoisoiscicoicoisoicoicoicoicoiscisoiso oicioio isisc Fig 5 1 Example of a data file structure in Excel after import of raw data 5 2 Copy the data into Hukseflux spreadsheet Next step is to copy data into the original spreadsheet file from Hukseflux named tpsys02 calculations v1001 The file has tree tabs shown in Figure 5 2 10 57 43 5 1505 1 od 28 82 5 t1 13 07 2007 10 57 1506 1 64 20 BS 4 H Results sheet Paste raw data here Internal auxiliary sheet 2 A Klar Pea Fig 5 2 The sheet structure in file tpsys02 calculations v1001 from Hukseflux Notice the sheet Paste raw data here Before going ahead it must be noticed that this file does not work with data having more than 9500 lines 4 So the data analysis must be made in parts Thus we cannot add hundreds of
10. Institut Aarhus Universitet GIAU Den Jydske Handverkerskole DJH Dansk Milj amp Energistyring A S DME GeoDrilling A S GeoD Br dstrup Fjernvarme AMBA BrF DONG Energy Power A S DONG Robert Bosch A S IVT Naturvarme BOSCH The work in GeoEnergy is structured in 8 work packages WPI Database and dissemination WP2 Equipment and measurements WP3 Temperature gradients and surface temperatures WP4 Drilling methods and grout techniques WP5 System design and energy balance WP6 Training and education WP7 Interaction with ambient groundwater system WP8 Guidelines and final dissemination This document is part of deliverable D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration dealing with measurements of thermal conductivity of soil Part 2 contains guidelines for use of equipment for thermal response test of boreholes D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity GEQENERGY Closed loop boreholes knowledge tools and best practice 1 INTRODUCTION IN DANISH Jordens varmelednings evne har stor betydning for hvor hurtig varmen kan tilga det lukkede system af r r med brine 1 en jordvarmeboring Der findes udenlandske tabeller over jordarters termiske ledningsevne f eks tabel 1 1 den tyske VDI norm Thermal use of the underground 1 men her er der et ret stort interval for v rdierne og de er heller ikke specielt m ntet pa danske jordarter Derfor
11. Probe resistivity Re see below Check if any Ports and Flags have green marks Write down any remarks Any other Comments Signature measurement operator Lamda after analyzing raw data in excel spreadsheet Lamda_sd from excel Interval of LnT in excel graph Signature data analysis operator Resistance for VIA probe 1 is 82 73 ohm m long probe Probe 2 is 83 18 ohm m short probe Prope 3 is 90 52 ohm m short needle and Probe 4 is 89 33 long needle Version 1 12 2013 VIA Energy lab GEOENERGY Closed loop boreh knowledge nals vee best practice D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity Appendix B Explanation of remarks in Ports and Flags menu Appendixes A Documentation Form B Explanation of remarks in Ports and Flags menu C Use of Guiding Tubes D Sample Preparation Measurement of Thermal Conductivity Appendix B Dec 2013 2 pages VIR2S UNIVERSITY COLLEGE ease Bee O Low heating Only relevant if external power switch is used Medium heating One of the tree is true the two other is false High heating measurement parameters are not accepted R lamda a range of reasonable values peat tie Warning that the heating cycle time is out of range A warning that the identification i e the experiment number has not been entered Although this has no effect on the results it i
12. close to the original water content from where the sample is taken in the subsurface then measurement of thermal conductivity should be performed on the sample in this initial state However preservation of the initial water content can only be expected in core samples or to some extent also in tube samples from excavation or out crops For all other soil samples for thermal conductivity measurements the initial water content typically will change either because of drilling mud or because some moist from the sample materi al will evaporate during the working process when the sample is removed from its original loca tion Measurement of Thermal Conductivity Appendix D Dec 2013 Appendix D Sample preparation for thermal conductivity mesurement When the thermal conductivity has been measured on a sample with the original water content then this water content also should be measured according to the Dan ish Standard The principle in this standard is to meas ure the weight loss as a percentage of the dry weight after 24 hours of drying in an oven 105 C Figure 7 Sample saturation in a bucket of water Sample preparation in the laboratory In most cases samples for measurement of thermal conductivity has to be taken from plastic bags labeled with info from where the sample is taken see Figure 8 In VIA lab the preparation could follow the below steps First label the grey tubes that are going to be used in order to ide
13. har projektet Geoenergi haft stor fokus pa hvorledes man kan gennemf re m linger af danske jordarters varmeledningsevne Nerverende rapport omhandler den maleprocedure der er udviklet i Energi lab pa VIA UC med udstyr af m rket Hukseflux Rapporten er del 1 af EUDP projektets Deliverable 8 Guidelines for equipment methods and callibration Medens introduktionen til rapporten her er skrevet pa dansk er sproget i de f lgende kapitler engelsk da vejledningen bruges en del af VIA s internationale studerende VIA har anskaffet Hukseflux udstyret 1 2010 Princippet 1 metoden er meget kort at en tynd sonde s ttes ned i den pr ve der skal males Herefter p f res midten af sonden en given m ngde energi 1 form af en svag elektrisk str m samtidig med at der ved spidsen af sonden registreres hvor meget temperaturen stiger som f lge af den p f rte energi M lingen er meget f lsom mht om sonde og pr ve er i fuldst ndig termisk ligev gt N r ligev gt er opn et kan m lingen gennemf res i l bet af f minutter For yderligere oplysning om teorien bag m lingerne henvises til leverand rens manualer for udstyret referense 2 og 3 I 2010 og 2011 har VIA haft en del problemer med at f indk rt en fast rutine for m lingerne fordi det ret ofte viste sig vanskelig at opn den n dvendige termiske ligev gt forud for m lingen manualen foreskriver en temperaturdifferens p maximal 0 1 C mellem de to sensorer ved
14. henholdsvis sondespids og det punkt midt p sonden hvor str mmen udsendes En log af rumtemperaturen 1 laboratoriet viste helt op til 3 graders variation hen over dagen For at opn de n dvendige stabile temperaturforhold blev der i april 2012 indk bt et Termaks klimaskab p 430 liter hvilket var stor nok til at rumme et passende antal pr ver I klimaskabets ene v g blev der boret et hul til gennemf ring af sondens ledning s ledes at sonden permanent kunne forblive i klimaskabet medens m leboksen kunne st udenfor se figur 1 1 Efter denne tid har der stort set ikke v ret problemer med at opn den foreskrevne lave temperaturdifferens forud for m lingerne Vejledningen er disponeret 1 f lgende fire hovedafsnit Udstyrets opbygning systemdesign og software T nde for udstyret og gennemf re en m ling Opsamling af data fra m leboksen Analyse af data Desuden er der 1 rapporten medtaget fire bilag e Documentation Form formular der udfyldes ved hver maling e Explenation of remarks mulige meddelelser 1 Ports and Flags menuen e Use of guiding tubes m ling med sonden beskyttet af indf ringsr r e Sample preparation klarg ring af pr ver og udtagning af pr ver 1 felten D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Heat Conductance GEQOENERGY Closed loop boreholes knowledge tools and best practice Til supplement af vejledningen her findes der 1 laboratoriet en
15. in the red folder Fig 3 2 Glycol bottle stored in the climate chamber D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity 10 GEQOENERGY Closed loop boreholes knowledge tools and best practice If a sample is going to be measured more than once a thermal recuperation period is needed Basically we have modified the sample during measurement and we have to wait until it recovers its initial condition In VIA s Energy lab a routine recuperation period of 24 or at least 16 hours has been applied routinely This is to ensure that the sample has returned to thermal equilibrium 3 2 Start the PC In the first dialog screen press Ctrl Delete at the same time and then log in at the session with the correct username e Username user e Password user123456 3 3 Start MCU box The box must be turned on by pressing the grey start button next to the red light bulb see Figure 3 3 Make sure that the needle is connected long needle TPO2 or short needle TPO8 to the MCU box and that the MCU box is connected to the PC by the USB connection Red LED lamp Grey start button Figure 3 3 U box connected to the probe adapter and cable for PC D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity 11 GEQENERGY Closed loop boreholes knowledge tools and best practice 3 4 Connection of the needle to the softwar
16. tpsys vo 9353 RawData 2 TIMESTAMP Exp Id Re time I heat U sen U cold Pt 1000 T hot Ohm m Sec A mV mV Deg C Deg C Smp Smp Smp Smp Smp Smp Smp Smp 12 50 5 227220 p 100 6 57E 08 0 0295547 20 69337 19 99333 12 04 2012 13 12 227221 i 99 5 6 57E 08 0 0295547 20 64653 19 9546 12 51 5 227222 5 99 0 0295547 20 69337 19 99333 12 04 2012 13 12 227223 8 98 5 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 52 5 227224 5 98 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 12 227225 i 97 5 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 53 5 227226 y 97 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 12 227227 3 96 5 0 028898 20 64653 19 94645 12 54 5 227228 S 96 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 12 227229 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 55 5 227230 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 12 227231 0 0295547 20 69337 19 99333 12 56 5 227232 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 12 227233 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 57 5 227234 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 12 227235 0 028898 20 64653 19 94645 12 58 5 227236 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 12 227237 0 0295547 20 69337 19 99333 12 59 5 227238 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 13 227239 0 0295547 20 64653 13 00 5 227240 0 0295547 20 64653 12 04 2012 13 13 227241 0 0295547 20 64653 13 01 5 227242 0 0295547 20 64653 12 04 2012 13 13 227243 0 0295547 20 64653 13 02 5 227244 0 0295547 20 64653 19 12 04 2012 13 13 227245 0 0295547 20 69337 19 99333 13 03 5 227246 0 0295547 20
17. 2010 2 Hukseflux TPO2 Non Steady State Probe for Thermal Conductivity Measurement TP02 manual v1209 Delft Hukseflux Thermal Sensors 2003 3 Hukseflux TPSYSO2 Thermal Conductivity Measurement System User Manual tpsysO2 manual v0806 doc Delft Hukseflux Thermal Sensors 2008 4 Pagola MA D Amelio V 2013 Mail correspondence D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity 25 GEQOENERGY Closed loop boreholes knowledge tools and best practice D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity Appendix A Documentation Form Appendixes A Documentation Form B Explanation of remarks in Ports and Flags menu C Use of Guiding Tubes D Sample Preparation Measurement of Thermal Conductivity Appendix A Dec 2013 1 page Documentation Form mE D T et O O 5 Q A et 9 5 a MD lt D T N c x MD 3 D 3 ot et a I FT N D x lt y U lt T O N U lt N et D 3 About sample and purpose of measurement Sample name number Sample condition Hukseflux Experiment Number Exp Id Date DD MM YYYY Time hh mm Room temperature C climate chamber temperature T diff C before start Length of Countdown 2 x Heat_time in seconds Heating Low Medium or High Heat conductivity from display Lamda W mK Lamda_sd from display
18. 577 82 73 69 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 13 227243 577 82 73 88 5 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 13 02 5 227244 577 82 73 88 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 13 227245 577 82 73 87 5 0 0295547 20 69337 19 99333 13 03 5 227246 577 82 73 67 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 13 227247 577 82 73 66 5 6 57E 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 13 04 5 227248 577 82 73 86 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 13 227249 577 82 73 85 5 57E 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 13 05 5 227250 577 82 73 65 0 0295547 20 69337 19 99333 12 04 2012 13 13 227251 577 82 73 84 5 0 028898 20 64653 19 94645 13 06 5 227252 577 82 73 84 0 028898 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 13 227253 577 82 73 83 5 0 028898 20 64653 19 94645 13 07 5 227254 517 62 73 83 0 028898 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 13 227255 aii 82 73 82 5 0 028898 20 64653 19 94645 13 08 5 227256 577 82 73 62 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 13 227257 577 62 73 61 5 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 13 09 5 227258 577 82 73 61 0 028898 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 13 227259 577 62 73 60 5 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 13 10 5 227260 577 82 73 80 8 6 57E 0 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 13 227261 577 82 73 79 5 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 13 11 5 227262 577 82 73 79 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 Results sheet Paste raw data here Internal auxiliary sheet 2 ooo coco o amp i oo oococoocoomoco oo oO SS SS SOS SS SOS SO
19. GEQOENERGI Lukkede jordvarmeboringer viden v rkt jer og best practice Energianl g baseret pa jordvarmeboringer udvikling af markedsfremmende v rkt jer og best practice Energiteknologisk Udviklings og Demonstrations Program EUDP Omrade Energieffektivisering Program EUDP 10 II J nr 64011 0003 D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity Tools for ground source heating and cooling GEQENERGY Closed loop boreh knowledge fools eae best practice GeoEnergy based on closed loop boreholes Energiteknologisk Udviklings og Demonstrations Program EUDP Theme Energieffektivisering Programme EUDP 10 II J nr 64011 0003 Project start 2011 03 01 Duration 3 years D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity _ GSEOLOGISK INSTITUT GET HATURYIDENSKABELKGE FAKULTET AAR se Revision 0 Lead partner for this deliverable VIA UC G s l GEUG energy Br dstrup Fjerny arme POWERED BY NATURE AX evo VIA gt S _ Haandverkerskole GeoDrilling ARN GEQENERGY Closed loop boreholes knowledge tools and best practice Deliverable D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity Work package WP2 Equipment and Measurements Lead partner VIA UC 3 3 2014 Mame organisation Ema GEQOENERGY Closed loop boreh kn
20. _sig_stability Start_calibration Par out of range WaitForHeating Remark Connect Screen CR1000 CR1000 Stop_Reset F_lambda Low_heating F_Heat_time f Stations Data Collection Clocks CR1000 Collect Now Server Date Time 02 07 2013 10 36 34 Program Station Date Time tpsys vO908 CRT 02 07 2013 10 36 34 N us aS p n oS O a C Data Displays Set Station Clock Gare C Pause Clock Update _ CR1000 Numeric Display 1 Real Time Monitoring Connected Medium_heating F_Exp_ld High_heating F_P_stability Measuring FR_T_Drift Add RecNum Add TimeStamp Start_measurement 5 163 Cal_OK 013 10 36 34 Heat_time false Start_calibration WaitForHeating Stop_Reset Medium heating false Re false lambda_cal false lambda_ref ec true Pt_1000 false T_hot High_heating s Measuring Heating on Par out of range type Exp Id Countdown Remark lambda sd T average P heat m ts Start LoagerNet 3 4 1 Connect Screen CR1 Ports and Flags true T_cold false Tdiff false P_heat Measurement R_lambda 224 00 R_Heat_time 186 00R_Exp Id false R_P_stability NAN R_T_Drift R_P_High 19 94R P Low NAN R_sig_ stability Fig 3 11 The screen during measureme CR1000 Numeric Displ numeric display and the ports and flags
21. a guiding tube essentially a larger 2 diameter of the needle is created This will result in a larger transient time so one has to wait longer before the desired linear behavior of temperature versus logarithm of time occur In Hukseflux manaul it is recommended to increase the heating time with 50 from normal situation when using guiding tubes Fig C 1 Guiding tube for the long probe Red cap is to protect the interior of the tube from sample fragments and is removed just before the needle is inserted Be aware that sometimes the guiding tubes cause the existence of air in the inside and this air can provoke a temperature difference that will not allow the measurement In this case we will have to wait until the air is extracted and the temperature difference Tdiff is stabilized until 0 1 C or lower Hukseflux manual recommends that in case it is possible a small quantity of glycerol may be inserted in the guiding tube to minimize the contact resistance In case of bentonites cement or concrete the guiding tubes can be cast into the material and measurements can be carried out later Guiding tubes should be reused whenever possible because of their relatively high price each one cost 26 Euro plus delivery cost price December 2013 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity Appendix C Dec 2013 GEQOENERGY Closed loop boreholes knowledge tools and best practice D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and
22. aker to eliminate as much air as possible After the sample is prepared place them in the climatic chamber at least 24 hours to a stable temper ature of 20 C before the measurement Measurement of Thermal Conductivity Appendix D Dec 2013
23. al Conductivity 23 GEQOENERGY Closed loop boreholes knowledge tools and best practice The linear section of the graph should then be examined and start and end points of the linear interval of In t When In t begin and In t end have been evaluated the slope of the linear section is used to calculate the thermal conductivity lambda Notice that lambda is inverse proportional to the slope More about the theory concerning this issue can be read in the Hukseflux manual 2 If you want to ajust the start or the end point of the linear section you should put in new values for In t begin and In t end see red circle in Figure 5 4 Hereafter you should again press Update lamda Continue this process until the best fit of the linear section has been achieved considering that standard deviation for lamda should be maintained as low as possible When you want to go on to analyze another measurement you just change the experiment number and then repeat the previous procedure 5 4 Checking measurement uncertainty Once the conductivity value has been calculated in the excel file the standard deviation with the measured value should be checked This deviation is related to the slope of the calculated line trend According to Hukseflux manual 3 and later e mail correspondence 4 an accuracy for the measured thermal conductivity of 3 0 02 W mK is expected at perfect measuring conditions se below This accuracy
24. and the measurement should not be performed In Figure 3 8 Tdiff shows 0 11 C which is sufficient to start a measurement The procedure to follow is that The measurement must not be made until Tdiff shows 0 1 C or lower Countdown is the total measuring time Typically this is set to 200 sec where the first 100 sec is a Stabilization time before the heating starts Heat_time is the period for energy input to the heating wire When countdown is 200 sec the Heat_time is 100 sec see Figure 3 9 D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity 14 GEQOENERGY Closed loop boreholes knowledge tools and best practice Heating can be Low_heating or Medium_heating or High_heating In figure 3 9 is chosen High_heating which is preferred when using guiding tubes See Appendix C lamda is the thermal conductivity W mK of the measured sample calculated by the system This value will appear immediately after finish of the heating periode 200 sec after start of the measurement lamda_sd is the standard deviation of the calculated lamda value It is shown at the same time as lamda appear 3 7 Start Measurement To obtain a menu to start the measurement click the Ports and Flags button on the Connect Screen see Figure 3 8 The menu shown in Figure 3 10 will now appear From this the heating type High Medium or Low and other parameters can be changed pressing the co
25. calibration Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity Appendix D Sample Preparation Appendixes A Documentation Form B Explanation of remarks in Ports and Flags menu C Use of Guiding Tubes D Sample Preparation Measurement of Thermal Conductivity Appendix D Dec 2013 7 pages Appendix D Sample preparation for thermal conductivity mesurement Sample preparation for thermal conductivity Sample preparation has shortly been touched upon in the first section of Chapter 3 in the guideline This Appendix D contains a more detailed description of the topic structured in the following head lines e Size of sample e Sample from drilling e Samples from outcrops and excavations e Water saturation of the sample e Sample preparation in the laboratory Size of sample The required amount of material around the probe needle must have a radius at least 15 times larger than the radius of the needle Hukseflux manual TPO2 Non Steady State Probe v 1209 page 8 The length of the samples should be at least the same as the length of the needle that is going to be used which means e for TPO2 Long needle 150 mm e for TPO8 Short needle 70 mm reg a The above requirements are met in VIA by using grey plastic tubes diameter 7 cm and length 22 cm Larger brown plastic tubes with diameter 10 5 cm are also available see Figure 1 Figure I Soil sample tubes A rule of thumb when collecting new samples is that
26. ccccssseeseeececcceeeeeeeseeeceeseeeaseeeeees 21 33 Vis alinspec on OR the OPA assessor E E raar 22 5 4 Checking measurement uncertainty eeeeesssessseeeerssssssseceeresssssssectersssssseeeeeessesss 24 O REFERENCE ES ES E E en eee eee ee 29 Appendixes A Documentation Form B Explanation of remarks in Ports and Flags menu C Use of Guiding Tubes D Sample Preparation D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity GEQOENERGY Closed loop boreholes knowledge tools and best practice FOREWORD Heat pump systems based on closed loop geothermal boreholes has a potential for CO2 reduction and energy efficiency The application in Denmark however is limited compared to our neighbouring countries and we still lack know how and experience The objective of the project GeoEnergy Tools for ground source heating and cooling based on closed loop boreholes is to pave the way for a wider use of the technology by acquiring know how and developing tools and best practice for the design and installation of plants as well as providing training and dissemination The project is co financed by the partners and the EUDP programme of the Danish Energy Agency Energistyrelsen and the duration is 3 years starting from 2011 03 11 The partners are De Nationale Geologiske Unders gelser for Danmark og Gr nland GEUS VIA University College Horsens VIA UC Geologisk
27. ctice A closer look on the probe is shown in Figure 2 2 the long probe TP02 and Figure 2 3 the short probe TP08 Figure 2 2 Components in the long Non Steady State Probe TPO2 Copied from 2 TPO2 Non Steady State Probe consists of 1 Reference temperature pt1000 sensor mounted in the lower part of the handle 2 Heating wire mounted in the upper 2 3 part of the needle 3 The hot joint temperature sensor coupled to the cold joint 4 4 The cold joint temperature sensor at the tip remain stable in temperature 5 Not shown in Figure 2 2 6 Base lower part of the handle Because the sensor 1 1s mounted in the lower part of the handle this part of the handle should not be touched during measuring Touch only the top isolated part of the handle The number 10 in the figure indicates the diameter in mm of the lower part of the handle The length of the needle part of the probe is 150 mm The TP08 probe is a short version of type TPO2 suited for shorter samples The elements are more or less the same as described for the above TPO2 except there is no cold temperature sensor at the tip of the short needle The measured temperature difference is between the sensor at the base of the handle 4 and the sensor placed in the heating wire 6 Figure 2 3 Components of the short Non Steady State probe TPOS Copied from 2 In VIA s Energy lab most samples have been measured by the long probe TPOQ2 as the experiences with th
28. e 4 2 you press the Collect Now button In this way it is ensured that the last measurements are added to the previous ones 3 Connect Screen CR1000 CR1000 File View Datalogger Tools Help Stations Data Collection Clocks CR1000 a Cane as Program tosys v0908 CR1 Data Displays om _ Pause Ports and Flags C List Alphabetically on Co Fig 4 2 Connect screen during data collection Server Date Time 13 04 2012 14 10 26 Station Date Time 13 04 2012 14 10 26 Check Clocks Set Station Clock Pause Clock Update Elapsed Time 0 00 00 00 Raw data is now stored in the Output File Name as specified in the previous steps and from here it will be ready for further analysis If error occurs during the above operation go to note 4 Problems collecting data in the User Help List D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Figure 4 1 Screenshot of data collection Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity 18 GEQOENERGY Closed loop boreh knowledge si hte best practice 4 4 Saving data To make a security copy of the measurements the following procedure is proposed e Go to the directory C Campbellsci LoggerNet from the menu My Computer and there you will see the files RawData dat and Results dat with the date and the time of the last saving e Copy those 2 files In the same directory there will be a folder called Raw Data and Results
29. e LoggerNet Once in the desktop start the program LoggerNet the shortcut is in the desktop The first screen to appear is the toolbar with the main menu see Figure 3 4 LopperNet 3 4 1 File Tools Options Help Sv 2h g BE Status Edlog Short Cut CRB asic Split View ATM Dew gt RAT PEGraph Fig 3 4 LoggerNet program main toolbar Click Connect button on LoggerNet s toolbar and the Connect Screen will appear as shown in Figure 3 5 Connect Screen CR1000 CR1000 File View Datalogger Tools Help Stations Data Collection Clocks C CR1000 Server Date Time 13 04 2012 14 10 26 Program Station Date Time fpsys v0908 CR1 13 04 2012 14 10 26 Send Check Cock Data Displays _CSetStation lock D Gish C Pause Clock Update i Elapsed Time C List Alphabetically Numeric 2 og mips Corea nn 0 00 00 00 Fig 3 5 Connect Screen after clicking the Connect icon on the toolbar In the Connect screen in the Clocks section to the right the button Set Station Clock must be pressed in order to save the measurements in real time and avoid confusions Figure 3 5 On the Connect Screen in Figure 3 5 you must check if all the required parameters are OK before doing anything else e In the Stations section the name of the MCU box CR 1000 must appear e In the program section the name tpsys v0908 CR1 must appear In case there are any problem with this issues go to User Help List no 2
30. ement data produced by TPOZ and TP08 probes To use it import the data file in Excel and copy paste the dat one measurement in the sheet paste raw data here Be careful to paste only a maximum of 50005 data lines into the paste raw data here or a error w Blue fields are red from data file or calculated probe type In t_step 0 05 serial number medium temp sensor type type measurement date a number nit begi Example dai Exp Number Heating mode Init interval PRIKA 2 medium 3 46 Update lambda wet sand 5 high 3 6 dry sand 6 high 4 62 water 1 high 15 3 water with fiber T high 15 46 Visual analysis in logarithmic time mV rO mK E wH Fig 5 4 Part of Result Sheet in spreadsheet tpsys02 calculations v1001 First enter the experiment number and then press the button Update lambda see red arrows in Figure 5 4 Identification of experiment number Exp Id in numeric display can be done using the written information in the documentation form The updated lamda can be seen in the blue area in the right part of Result screen Figure 5 5 total length of interval 69 S315 lambda 1 63161 VWmk standard deviation lambda 00 0740 W mk total temperature rise in interwal 34090 standard deviation on lambda must be less than Wimk Fig 5 5 Part of Result screen with calculated lamda D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Therm
31. equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity GEQOENERGY Closed loop boreholes knowledge tools and best practice 4 COLLECTING DATA FROM MCU TO PC Once a series of measurements has been done it is recommended to save the data each day before turning off the system this can be done in different ways Below is a recommended instruction in four steps e LoggerNet Setup e Checking Setup screen e Collect data e Saving data If anything unexpected occur during these steps you may find help in note 4 Problems collecting data from the User Help List 4 1 LoggerNet Setup Go back to the very first screen of the LoggerNet program Figure 3 4 and select the Setup icon then a screen like Figure 4 2 will appear Here some settings must be checked 4 2 Checking setup screen File Edit Tools Options Help ca x gt i gt Add Root dd Delbte Rename Undo E R1000 CR1000 Hardware Sched E Data Files DY ock Program Settings for RawD ata F Included For Scheduled Collection Output File Nama Ds i Sea C Campbellsci LoggerNet CR1000_RawData dat Use Default File Name File Output Option Append to End of File Output Format ASCII Table Data Long header TOAS Collect Mode gt Data Logged Since Last Collection Collect All On First Collection O Most Recently Logged Records Get Table Definitons Scheduled Data Collection is disabled Fig 4 1 Se
32. for heat exchangers the pipes are closed at the bottom No samples will appear during drilling as the soil material will be pressed towards the side of the hole during vibrations Measurement of Thermal Conductivity Appendix D Dec 2013 Appendix D Sample preparation for thermal conductivity mesurement 4 AF t Y gt Samples from outcrops and excavations Figure 4 Sections of core samples from steel pipes are pressed out in a plastic pipe bowler for later inspection and measuring of thermal conductivity Sonic drilling in Hornsyld 2013 by company Arkil Milj A S I order to obtain undisturbed samples with known orientation in all directions samples can be col lected in plastic or metal tubes directly from natural exposures or excavations First the outcrop is cleaned around the sampling position and then the tubes are hammered into the fresh outcrop Tubes modified with saw teeth help the hammer process see Figure 5 In soft clay or silt sediments plastic tubes are applicable but metal pipes are preferable for harder sediments like till deposits After the tube has been hammed into the sediment wall see figure 6 the tube is carefully excavated and closed with plastic lids and tape in both ends Sample date number and orientation must be written on the tube with a waterproof marker Figure 5 Plastic tubes prepared to hammer into a an outcrop of sediment Measurement of Thermal Conductivity Ap
33. ft Remark flags R sig stability C Ta pi mas Cc v VY VY EH Lambda sd Lambda sd Standard deviation corresponding to measured lambda in W mK Heat time User given heat time in seconds A good start is 100 seconds Explanations of Remarks from Ports and Flags menu Compiled at VIA Energy lab from Hukseflux manuals Nov 2010 VIR2S UNIVERSITY COLLEGE TIMESTAMP Time at which this record is stored RECORD Exp Id Experiment ID of the different measurements Resistance of the heater wire in the probe VIA s probe had 82 73 ohm m Time point in the current measurement cycle Current through the heater wire Ampere Voltage signal from the hot thermocouple Junction Voltage signal from the cold thermocouple junction Pt 1000 Temperature signal from the Pt1000 in the probe base Temperature signal of the hot thermocouple junction Batt Volt Current voltage of the power source type Type of measurement either Measurement or Calibration In case of a calibration Yes in case results in within margins Cal OK and No otherwise For a normal measurement NAN will be stored Is 1 high if any remarks are generated by the program Also Remarks the status of these remarks are stored see group Remark flags in this table T_average Average temperature over last half of the heating period Mean power supplied to the heater wire over the heatin P heat m netic ri Ee J Length of the heating period Cn First fou
34. g Changing the probe Connecting problems with software How to check the battery level Problems collecting data Conclusion from test measurements of mica sand and quartz sand AV OT ES A copy of the User Help List is available in the bookshelf besides the equipment The list will be updated and supplemented with new experiences when relevant The notes are not included in the current D8 publication but they can be requested from the authors of this report D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity GEQOENERGY Closed loop boreholes knowledge tools and best practice 3 TURNING ON THE EQUIPMENT AND PERFORMING A MEASUREMENT Before turning on the equipment make sure all cables are connected in the right way that is e Adapter power connected The adapter is normally set on 12 V e USB port cable connected from the computer to the MCU box e PC battery connected to electric grid just in case it runs out of battery e The samples are prepared in the correct way and with the correct dimensions 3 1 About sample preparation Soil samples shall have a radius not lesser than 15 times the measuring probe radius Hukseflux manual 2 page 8 As the radius of the needle probe is 1 2mm the sample radius must be at least 18 mm or in the order 2 cm The length of the samples should at least be the same as the length of the needle that is going to be used which means e TPO2 L
35. in the file type option box lower right corner and go to the directory where the raw data file is C Campbellsci LoggerNet if you have followed the above instructions Select the file Rawdata dat and press Open You will now have a dialog screen with Text Import Wizard step 1 of 3 1 Step 1 of 3 Select Delimited in Original data type Start import at row 1 and File origin at MS DOS PC 8 Press NEXT 2 Step 2 of 3 Choose the delimiters tab and comma and press NEXT 3 Step 3 of 3 Select Column data format to be General and press FINISH All data will in that moment have a structure as shown in Figure 5 1 D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity 20 GEQENERGY Closed loop boreholes knowledge tools and best practice CR1000_RawData_ID 577_578 Microsoft Excel ow X Insert Page Layout Formulas oa w Acrobat A o EF amp ile om Ee cm 7 7 E i Sa Hl EA v av General X Normal Bad e i ibri gt Wrap Te FS E Fin Z Paste Sale e 3 fad Merge amp Center v 9 Conditional Format Calculation Explanatory Input Insert Delete Format Sort amp Find amp z ormat Painter i ae Formatting as Table 7 o 7 v T v lt 2 Clear Filter Select v O 00 00 0 tl i Clipboard on Alignmen umbe Styles Cells Editing L44 v A ie D T 7 l J 1 TOAS CR1000 28774 CR1000 Std CPU
36. is probe is that with the long needle it is faster to obtain the required small temperature difference between the coupled thermo sensors as they are both in the sample medium When we use the short needle one of the sensors are in the air above the sample number 4 in Figure 2 3 and this one can be affected by the disturbance made by opening the door to the climate chamber during change from one sample to another Results from testing the short needle and the long needle in the same kind of material can be found in User Help List no 6 Conclusion from test measurements of mica sand and quartz sand Practical information about how to change the probe can be found in User Help List no 1 Changing the probe D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity GEQOENERGY Closed loop boreholes knowledge tools and best practice In VIA s established procedure there is a documentation form that has to be filled during each measurement see Appendix A and Figure 2 4 Here is referred to an experiment number Exp_Id which are generated by the system as consecutive numbers for each measurement performed In all VIA has now November 2013 performed more than 1100 measurements The documentation forms are placed in a red ring binder in the bookshelf just beside the equipment Before starting a series of measurements be aware that there are enough empty documentation forms to fill in Abo
37. ks User Manual Series KB8 182 KB8400 available in white folder at the bookshelf near the equipment If changes in the measurement temperature are required a correction in the accuracy must be taken into account according to the manual by Hukseflux 3 Hukseflux recommends to perform the measurement in dry conditions However within the GeoEnergy project it has been found that measurements on water saturated sediments are more suitable for comparing the thermal conductivity of different types of sediments 5 This also results in more realistic values of the thermal conductivity around closed loop boreholes since most parts of such boreholes are below the water table The preparation of the soil samples are described more in Section 3 1 next Chapter and also more detailed in Appendix E After this short introduction to the components and measuring system the manual is structured in the following main parts e Turning on the Equipment and Performing a Measurement e Collecting Data e Analysing Data More details are to be found in the appendixes which include Documentation Form Explanation of remarks in Ports and Flags menu Use of Guiding Tubes Sample Preparation Jawe The experiences obtained during more than 1100 measurements performed in VIA s Energy lab have also been documented in notes about smaller and bigger problems and how the problems have been solved These notes are assembled in a User Help List so far includin
38. measurements to the tpsys02 calculations v1001 as the maximum limit of 9500 lines consist approximately of 22 measurements Be sure to save or backup the original excel spreadsheet file tpsys02 calculations v1001 The procedure to copy the data into the excel file 1s e Open the tpsys02 calculations v1001 in Excel e Copy Ctrl C all rawdata of the spreadsheet from Step 2 by clicking the upper left corner of the spreadsheet a red circle in Figure 5 1 or just select all the cells The first 4 lines have to be copied as well e In the file tpsysO2 calculations v1001 select the sheet Paste raw data here and then paste the raw data Ctrl V in cell Al Figure 5 3 D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity 21 GEQOENERGY Closed loop boreholes knowledge tools and best practice tpsys02 calculations vO907 Compatibility Mode Home Insert Page Layout Formulas Data Review View Add ins Acrobat Cut j B amp Arial 10 Sar Sy Wrap Text General v Norma Ea Copy F Paste B pE A 3 ad Merge amp Center 92 0 00 Conditional Format GB Format Painter gt F tE l ae h 00 0 Formatting as Table Clipboard Alignment Number L65 A E 3 G H J 1 TOAS CR1000 CR1000 28774 CR1000 Std CPU tpsys vo 9353 RawData 2 TIMESTAMP RECORD Exp Id Re time _heat U_sen U_cold Pt_1000 T_hot RN Ohm m Sec A mV mV Deg C Deg C Sm
39. nt period this graph theoretical will show linear behaviour where the slope of the graph is supposed to be inversely proportional to the thermal conductivity 2 For quality control Hukseflux recommends visual inspection of the graph to notice whether At seems to have passed the transient period in a plausible way and thereafter showing a linear trend For the necessary calculations and drawing of the graph Hukseflux offer the spreadsheet tpsys02 calculations v1001 To have a clear overview of the measurement uncertaintythe spreadsheet has been slightly modified for the use in VIA s Energy lab see Section 5 4 In the PC In VIA s system the file can be found in the desktop as well as in the C directory named Data Hukseflux The performance of the data analysis can be divided in the following steps Importing data in Excel Copy the data into Hukseflux spreadsheet Visual inspection of the graph Checking measurement uncertainty Notice that in the documentation form there is one field for signature of the measurement operator and another field where the performer of the data analysis can sign the latter being responsible for the final result 5 1 Importing data into Excel The resulting files RawData dat and Results dat are comma delimited ASCII files These files can easily be imported into Excel using the following steps Start Microsoft Excel and go to Open from the file menu Select All files
40. ntify the samples to measure Put the name of the project the name of the borehole the depth of extraction or whatever allows the identification Be aware of using always the same name in labels in docu mentation forms and in the measurement spreadsheets When saturated samples are going to be stored it is recom mended putting a bottom of plastic film fitted with waterproof adhesive tape yellow in Figure G 2 Figure 8 Labeled tube prepared to host a saturated sample Once the plastic pipe is ready it must be filled with the soil If the soil is sandy or non cohesive the filling is recommended gradually alternating soil layers with small water adding To have a proper mixing and to let air escape place the sample on the shaker vibrating table for some minutes see Figure 9 To prevent the sample from falling you must hold them by hand or make other ar rangement Measurement of Thermal Conductivity Appendix D Dec 2013 Appendix D Sample preparation for thermal conductivity mesurement Figure 9 Sand sample on a shaking table to ensure tight packing and escape of air bubbles Right photo shows the use of a spatula to pack a cohesive soil in the pipe before measuring For cohesive soils like clay and silt some work with a spatula might be needed to ensure a tight fill ing and no air filled gaps in the pipes see Figure 9 If dry soils are object of measurement just pour the soil and vibrate it on the sh
41. ong needle 150 mm e TPO8 Short needle 70 mm VIA uses plastic pipes of the required dimensions and tight fitting lids in yellow see Figure 3 1 A detailed explanation about sampling in the field and preparation of samples in the laboratory is given in Appendix D If the samples are of sand and gravels and samples with stones care must be taken to avoid bending the sensitive thin probe This can be done by using guiding tubes to protect the needle see details in Appendix C In some situations ultrasonic treatment of the sample is relevant to be sure all air bubbles are removed see details in Appendix D Fig 3 1 Pipes with sample and suitable lid Bigger tubes brown ones with a bigger diameter and lids are available in the Energy lab as well Regarding standards and calibration substances it has been decided in the Energy lab to use glycol which have a known thermal conductivity A 0 26 W mK However there are plans to work with other standards too It is recommended that the first measurement in a new series of samples is performed on a standard material such as glycol to test the system The glycol is kept in a white plastic bottle stored in the climate chamber Figure 3 2 The bottle also contains a plastic fiber material to prevent convection flow within the glycol To know whether the measurement with glycol has been correct or not we can check previous measurements that are noted in the documentation forms available
42. owledge si hte best practice TABLE OF CONTENTS Page F R EN OR Db ammonia te eee E ee ere er eee ee ee eee ee ee eee ee ere 3 MD INGEIROW UC TION ccccciseccne accoanseasecetesauceatecanacesesecceeveceseecso cccsae E E R 4 2 EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION AND RELATED SOFTWARE cc cesseeeeeeeeeeeees 6 3 TURNING ON THE EQUIPMENT AND PERFORMING A MEASUREMENT 10 3 About sample LC Pat AO Ma issernida Ea aa a aE begotten 10 EP Paice cece ES seca guerasscenssecederneseqceer E 11 Ir S MCU DO SEE Renee ere tee een te tt reece re ere Reet eter rere re ee ee ery 11 3 4 Connection of the needle to the software LoggerNet ccccccccccesssseeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 12 De Man TMS A ea E E ET 13 3 6 Checking the parameters in numeric Cisplay ccccccccesseeeseecccceeeeeeeesseeeceeeeeaseeeeees 13 Be M AS BE FAE HESTE ES E S E T E E E E 15 po Dinin Moni 1 i eee A SE SEERE ER RERNE TES ERNE DERE FEBER SELEN ES 16 oe COCLPCTING DATAFROM MCU TOPO socacecesecasencacsecncneastenencuaneneseceseaeaceeecceneastnenceeate 17 Ab OLIN SU SEE cesses EET SE I E SETE EIGENE 17 A COCCI SCID CrO i aea 17 DROME CL AU T E T T AAA 18 MI CM Eee 19 POUT CAA e a 19 PINT SING SEE ce ecc cee cm atec ee ents A E 20 SL OREN data TIO CC co sae tee pte asa ween neces Herr Ek ENA EE dO 20 Start Microsoft Excel and go to Open from the file menu 20 5 2 Copy the data into Hukseflux spreadsheet cccc
43. p Smp Smp Smp Smp Smp Smp Smp 12 50 5 227220 577 62 73 6 57E 08 0 0295547 20 69337 19 99333 12 04 2012 13 12 227221 577 82 73 99 6 57E 08 0 0295547 20 64653 19 9546 12 51 5 227222 577 82 73 99 0 0 0295547 20 69337 19 99333 12 04 2012 13 12 227223 577 82 73 98 5 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12525 227224 577 82 73 98 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 12 227225 577 82 73 97 5 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 53 5 227226 577 62 73 97 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 12 227227 577 82 73 96 5 0 028898 20 64653 19 94645 12 54 5 227228 577 82 73 96 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 12 227229 577 82 73 95 5 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 55 5 227230 577 62 73 95 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 12 227231 577 62 73 94 6 57E 08 0 0295547 20 69337 19 99333 12 56 5 227232 577 82 73 94 0 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 12 227233 517 62 73 93 5 6 57E 08 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 57 5 227234 577 82 73 93 0 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 12 227235 577 82 73 92 5 0 028898 20 64653 19 94645 12 58 5 227236 577 82 73 92 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 12 227237 577 82 73 91 5 0 0295547 20 69337 19 99333 12 59 5 227238 577 62 73 91 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 13 227239 577 82 73 90 5 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 13 00 5 227240 577 82 73 90 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 12 04 2012 13 13 227241 577 82 73 89 5 0 0295547 20 64653 19 94645 13 01 5 227242
44. pendix D Dec 2013 Appendix D Sample preparation for thermal conductivity mesurement Moet EAN r A a a cee 7 Bt t AF S vv AE HA OAU DER a A R SET C MP ied Figure 6 Sampling in plastic tubes left and steel tubes right Diameter of pipes 750 mm In this way undisturbed tube samples can be obtained in excavations with clayey and silty sedi ments as well as in fine grained sands In coarser sediments it is more difficult to collect undis turbed samples by the hammer tube method Therefore it is recommended that coarse sediments are collected in plastic bags and later prepared for measurement in a tube or a beaker in the laboratory see below In general at least two samples and preferably three samples of a specific sedimentary unit are needed to make sure that the measurements are representative From inhomogeneous units it rec ommended to collect at least 3 to 4 samples Water saturation of the sample The preferred standard at VIA Energy lab is to perform the thermal conductivity measurements on samples saturated with water before measuring This standard has been decided to have a compara ble mode for the different samples Another reason for the decision is that saturated condition is typical in the part of the subsurface relevant for closed loop boreholes Saturation of the samples is typical performed by placing the tubes in a bucket of water see Figure 7 If the water content of the samples can be expected to be
45. r kke notater organiseret 1 en User Help List med fortl bende nummerering og versionsdato User Help List omfatter indtil nu f lgende notater 1 Changing the probe 2 Problems connecting with software 3 How to check the battery level 4 Problems collecting data 5 Conclusion from test measurements of mica sand and quartz sand Listen vil blive opdateret og udbygget 1 takt med at der indhentes yderligere erfaringer Det er ikke sk nnet relevant at medtage de nuv rende notater 1 publikationen her men interesserede kan rekvirere dem ved henvendelse til forfatterne af denne rapport LL ss Fig 1 1 Foto af termoskab med sonde ind igennem siden Malingern styres fra PC forbundet tilden gr m leboks udenfor termoskabet F r hver m ling bnes klimaskabets d r kortvarigt for at stikke sonden ned i den pr ve der skal m les En stor del af manualen her er skrevet af Maria Alberdi Pagola der 1 forbindelse med sit afsluttende Master of Science projekt i 2013 har udf rt en r kke praktiske fors g og m linger i VIA s laboratorium D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1Measurement of Thermal Conductivity GEQOENERGY Closed loop boreh knowledge fol y best practice 2 EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION AND RELATED SOFTWARE This is a manual for the use of thermal conductivity measurement equipment in VIA s Energy Lab room E002 It is not a report explaining the theoretical background which could be found
46. r coefficients of the sensitivity polynomial of a K type gt n 0 1 2 3 When the Stop reset flag is used the measurement Cycle Cancelled cancelled this parameter takes on the value 1 and 0 otherwise Raw data From data table Public Explanations of Remarks from Ports and Flags menu Compiled at VIA Energy lab from Hukseflux manuals Nov 2010 GEQOENERGY Closed loop boreholes knowledge tools and best practice D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity Appendix C Use of Guiding Tubes Appendixes A Documentation Form B Explanation of remarks in Ports and Flags menu C Use of Guiding Tubes D Sample Preparation Measurement of Thermal Conductivity Appendix C Dec 2013 GEQOENERGY Closed loop boreholes knowledge tools and best practice USE OF GUIDING TUBES If the samples are hard or if stone or other hard inclusions are present the needle part of the probe could be damaged during penetration of the sample In these cases Hukseflux recommends to use a guiding tube se Figure 1 A guiding tube is a thin metal pipe with an interior diameter just fit for the needle part of the probe Guiding tubes are available both for long and for short probes According to the manual by Hukseflux it has been verified that the addition of a guiding tube does not have a significant impact on the measurement accuracy When inserting the needle into
47. rresponding buttons An explanation of all remark abbreviations in the Ports and Flags menu can be found in Appendix B Explanation of remarks in the Ports and Flags menu You finally start the measurement by pressing the button top left to Start measurement this will change the button to a light green color Ports and Flags ED Shark measurement Start calibration Wi aitF orH eating Heating_on Par out of range F siq stability Stop Reset FA_lambda FR Heat time Medium heating High heating K F stability e e 0 F_T_Dritt Fig 3 10 Ports and flag menu from where the measurement can be started Measuring Ta mu iD 4 z j CL D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity 15 GEQENERGY Closed loop boreholes knowledge tools and best practice 3 8 During Measurement By default when pressing Start measurement the Countdown section Figure 3 9 should start counting down from 200 seconds to 0 1f the Countdown is set to 200 That is the length considered for each measurements While this is happening the Measuring button in the Port and Flags display Figure 3 10 will show a green light which indicates that the system is activated and the measurement is being executed LoggerNet 3 4 1 Start_measurement Heating_on FR_P_High DE aS a eh FRODE F
48. s good practice to number experiments Indicator that the power supply is not sufficiently stable A more stable power supply should be selected This warning should not be ignored Indicator that the probe was not sufficiently in thermal equilibrium with the soil before the measurement More time should be allowed before performing a measurement In case after repeated attempts the warning keeps appearing the measurement can proceed but the results must be manually analysed before drawing final conclusions R P High A remark that the heater level is possibly too high a lower level m could be tried Warning that the heater power is too low A higher heater power R P Low l i should be tried by using the external switched power supply Indicating that the signal has not been rising monotonously probably the probe has been moving In case after repeated attempts the warning keeps appearing the measurement can proceed but the results must be manually analysed before drawing final conclusions Countdown Number of seconds of the current measurement still left Tdiff The differential temperatur sensor signal in degrees Celsius This is the difference between T_hot and T_cold ends Result of measurement in W mK Thermal conductivity determine with a covariance algorithm C Q UV q v Cc O c VY O AS erm Sum a O UV Sum v mn R Exp Id R P stability R T dri
49. the sample volume should be around 1 liter In conclusion the sample size is not critical as long as radius around the needle is covered by sample material in a distance of 2 cm Measurement of Thermal Conductivity Appendix D Dec 2013 Appendix D Sample preparation for thermal conductivity mesurement Samples from drilling In many cases soil samples for measuring thermal conductivity come from drilling operations it could for instance be from a test borehole prior to the final dimension of a system for ground source heating Depending on the drilling method and available equipment the samples can be intact core samples or cuttings in bigger or smaller chops from auger or cable tool drilling If the method 1s rotary drill ing the cuttings to be sampled are transported to the ground surface in a mixture of mud and conse quently the quality of the samples is generally poor see Figure 2 A Fig 2 Rotary drilling with double pipes and mud flushing out in a container See text for further explanation Equipment from company Geodrilling The rotary drilling in Figure 2 operates with outer casing pipe and inner drilling pipe rotating in opposite directions during operation see the two drill bits in the lower right photo of Figure 2 Mud is pumped down in the inner pipe and mixed with the cuttings loosened at the rotating drill bits at the bottom of the hole As the mud is squeezed up in the narrow space between outer and inner pipe
50. tup screen with default settings for collecting data On the left menu in Figure 4 1 CR1000 must be selected and on the right area Data Files and RawData must be selected as well The other settings have to be selected as shown in the following list D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity 17 GEQOENERGY Closed loop boreholes knowledge tools and best practice e Output File Name C Campbellsci LoggerNet CR 1000_Rawdata dat set as default for this computer Click the check box Use Default File Name File Output Option Append to End of File Output Format ASCII Table Data Long header TOA5 Collect Mode Data Logged Since Last Collection Collect All On First Collection If the previous steps already have been done once you should be aware that the Rawdata dat file already exists in directory C Campbellsci LoggerNet This file always goes together with a Results dat file If there is already a Rawdata dat file then the new measurement data will be added to the previously existing file 4 3 Collect data The previous steps 4 1 and 4 2 are not compulsory if all previous options are already known by the operator If this is the case the data can be collected directly and copied from the directory without any problem Back again to LoggerNet s main toolbar click the Connect icon In the Connect screen Figur
51. ure 3 9 3 Connect Screen CR1000 CR1000 File View Datalogger Tools Help Stations Data Collection Clocks CR1000 Server Date Time 13 04 2012 14 10 26 Program Station Date Time tpsys v0908 CRI 13 04 2012 14 10 26 Data Displays Set Station Clock re 1 Pause Clock Update C List Alphabetically 530 00 al Pouse Pons and Flags see Fig 3 8 Connect screen with red circle around button I for Numeric view D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity 13 GEQENERGY Closed loop boreholes knowledge tools and best practice At first moment the columns in the Numeric Display may show up to be empty If this happens the Start button in the left menu must be clicked and then the current values will appear Once this button has been pressed the Start button turns into Stop as it is seen in the red circle in Figure 3 9 CR1000 Numeric Display 1 Real Time Monitoring Connected asa RecNum 3 519Cal_OK Nant1 owe TimeStamp 1012 14 02 03 Heat_time 100 00t2 cesar Start_measurement false In_t1 tons Start_calibration E EA Le aitF orHeating falselambda_ca 0 00 Exp_ld f Stop Reset falselambda ref 0 00 Batt Volt Low heating Medium heating High heating Measuring Heating on Par out of range falseec falsePt 1000 trueT hot falseT cold falske lig falseP_hea 0 00Cal_OK 21 O4 feteleiaiveley a 20 25 e
52. ut sample and purpose of measurement Sample name number Sample condition Hukseflux Experiment Number Exp Id Date DD MM YYYY Room temperature climate chamber ie mperature Probe resistivity Re see below T diff C before start Length of Countdown 2 x Heat_time in seconds Heating Low Medium or High Lamda sd from display Check if any Ports and Flags have green marks Write down any remarks Any other Comments Signature measurementoperator Lamda after analyzing raw data in Heat conductivity from display Lamda W mK Fig 2 4 Part of documentation form 4 samples can be documentet at the same sheet The full sheet including the lower part for thermal data can be seen in Appendix A D8 Guidelines for equipment methods and calibration Part 1 Measurement of Thermal Conductivity GEQOENERGY Closed loop boreholes knowledge tools and best practice The samples are placed in the climate chamber for at least 12 hours to get a uniform temperature for the sample and the probe before the measurement Most typical the temperature in the climate chamber is set to 20 C as this is recommended by Huxeflux for the optimum accuracy of the measurements However experiments have been made with other temperatures for instance measuring the thermal conductivity in concrete at a fixed temperature of 10 C For operation of the climate chamber and changing the temperature see Terma
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