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1. I i i 1 f go A i i E 1 o i 5 i E k g i i 3p i 1 gt g 1 i __ 1 g 1 1 i i i i i i A y i I 5 i i 8 a slaf i ii h I I I f i I QO I I I I il i i p k 4 1 I i i I I i I T i i i i A I I I 5 1 i ml i a a Y i I mre E a A3 I I i i I I i i I I il i i I 1 g i f gt d d 8 i gt Doa lt A i i 5 ia i I I Q i gs k E gt 2 5 l T B i 2 FE g O z lt gt 2 2 e R ae zy EER gt E Z5 lt x ce Sez O ES5 gt C A O mE ZaSS SG oss SBooc PE OR 8738 JaLe 2528 Tse So Ea 2332 gees FEEF BHO o ooon Turn this domain model for a BDWP into a domain model for a unidirectional word processor UDWP It has no need for the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm embedding either explicit or implicit and overriding Page 10 of 27 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2013 Moreover the visual ordering of characters is equal to the logical ordering of characters However it does need the ability to break up ligatures e g for fi to get fi Look carefully to see the difference In any case a ligature shows up only in the displayed view and no ligature is stored in the internal file Instead the internal file contains the constituent letters of each ligature For example the internal form for a display2. b Sri Harsha Bolisetti Judge Alsup s Oracle vs Google Decision A key test of copyrightability is that if there is only one way to express X then X cannot be copyrighted Indicate which of the following artifacts in the first column may be copyrighted and which may not by checking off the correct of the second or third column Artifact Copyrightable NOT Copyrightable The bubble sort algorithm The interior code of a procedure to do a bubble sort The header of a procedure to do a bubble sort A correct street map An incorrect street map c Chaitali Mulay HealthCare gov a Case Study of a Botched Software Project Given the short time that millions of U S Citizens have to sign up for health insurance under the Afford able Care Act before the deadline name the most important nonfunctional requirement that was not being met by the HealthCare gov Web site The developers of the Web site simply did not allow enough time for the site before it was rolled out on schedule on 1 October 2013 Page 25 of 27 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2013 d Sudeep Reddy Reletti Pearson PowerSchool Software Failure e wm The fact that new requirements for PowerSchool were emerging as PowerSchool gained popularity says that Meir Lehmann would classify PowerSchool as a system Even though Pearson s developers knew enough to gather new requirem
3. E None of the others ate an apple F smelled an apple G did not smell an apple H admired an apple I did not admire an apple J ate an orange as well K did not eat an orange as well Page 19 of 27 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2013 Suppose you are writing a user s manual or an SRS for a program called X In such a document any of the phrases the program the software and the system is a synonym for X In order to avoid unnecessary synonymy only one of those terms should be used throughout the document Which of the 4 terms the 39 66 program the software the system and X is the best to use What can happen if you choose one of the others instead Suppose you are writing a user s manual or an SRS for a program called X In such a document X could be used to denote any of the following closely related but 3 distinct concepts the X program as opposed to any other program Y a copy of the X program on a CD and an invocation of the X program running on your computer For clarity each of these should have a different phrase for it in the document and X should not be used to denote more than one of them You must choose one of these 3 phrases to be replaced by X in the document On the likely assumption that most of any such document describes how the s
4. arcs that show all implicit accesses that happen by virtue of the explicit accesses combined with any inheritance Put a multiplicity at each end of each dotted arc Page 6 of 27 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2013 Page 7 of 27 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2013 In the rest of this page draw a use case model of the thingajig domain on the assumption that the actors of the diagram include thingamajig and only everything else that must be an actor according to the domain description Please show only the use case model and nothing of any scenario Note that there is still another question On your use case model above please add dotted arcs that show all implicit accesses that happen by virtue of the explicit accesses combined with any inheritance Page 8 of 27 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2013 What advantage might your models have over those produced by someone who is an expert about thingamajigs Page 9 of 27 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2013 3 15 total marks Variations of the Project s Domain and Use Case Models Please see below the domain model of the bidirectional word processor BDWP that was produced as Berry s solution to Deliverable 2
5. 5 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2013 You might say that any technology T that appears to be a silver bullet is a silver bullet for only a short while It quickly becomes a bullet almost overnight an exaggeration to be sure as soon as we solve with the help of T all that were too hard to solve without T The remaining are even to solve An important part of the job of an inspection meeting moderator is to stop attempts by the participants to the defects that have been reported and to about whether a reported defect is indeed a defect In a building that must have at least one kosher kitchen the separation of dairy and meat food must be ei ther temporal or That is in one kitchen dairy and meat food cannot be in preparation at the time However if the building has separate and kitchens then it is permissible to prepare _________ and ______________ food at the time There is some evidence that the business model of many in the house building industry is that the contractors for constructing the house from plans the price to win the contract Such a contractor is counting on the customer finding needed to the plans during construction When these are found the contractor charges for them to ensure that he or she gets a Page 5 of 27 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2013 2 40 total marks Domain and Use Case Modeling in Ignorance Recall the c
6. AM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2013 aLecture starts theLectureIsBoring theLecturingContinues W theLectureEnds A theLectureIsExciting theLecturingContinues MU theLectureEnds g In formula f if aLectureStarts and theLectureIsBoring is it guaranteed that theLectureEnds h In formula f if aLectureStarts and theLectureIsExciting is it guaranteed that theLectureEnds i In formula f if aLectureStarts and theLectureIsBoring is it possible that j In formula f if aLectureStarts and theLectureIsExciting is it possible that Page 17 of 27 theLecturingContinues theLecturingContinues FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2013 6 20 total marks Ambiguity and Writing Style There is no way to natural language and thus ambiguity in requirements specification There fore whenever a requirement analyst finds an ambiguity in a problem description he or she must the author of the description what he or she Subconscious which strikes during writing or speaking is the flip side of subconscious which strikes during reading or hearing These phenomena are called subconscious be cause they happen Why is the ambiguity of natural language less of a problem in face to face conversation than in writing that is read later by lots of anonymous people The c
7. UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2013 SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 Fall 2013 Final Exam 5 December 2013 12 30pm 3 00pm Instructor Daniel M Berry Time allowed 2 5 hours 150 minutes No aids allowed i e closed book Answer all of the questions on this exam paper There are 8 questions for a total of 150 marks Plan your time wisely 1 minute per mark Your Name and Student Number In the immortal words of the yet to be born Jean Luc Picard of Earth Make it so Ql 25 Q2 40 Q3 15 Q4 20 Q5 15 Q6 20 Q7 20 Q8 5 TOTAL 150 Page 1 of 27 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2013 In this exam a short underscore of 1 inch 2 54 cm should be filled with one word A long un derscore of 3 inches 7 63 cm should be filled with a phrase consisting of one to several words In the former case if you cannot think of exactly the right number of words then give the best answer that you can and we ll give it as many marks as we can possibly even full credit If you cannot even think of words to fill in then write an answer as a sentence and we ll give it as many marks as we can In this exam in a True or False item each correct answer is worth the stated number of marks each incorrect answer is worth the negative of one half of the stated number of marks unless the i
8. done weak EndOfFile Weak not done PCWN Letter done previous Digit done character Space or Tab done is weak Period or Comma done or neutral EndOfFile not done The just completed state machine insists that a period or comma that is part of a numeral be surrounded on both sides by a digit To allow one or more period or commas in a row within a numeral only the transitions from the state PCWN have to be changed Make in the abbreviated table below this required change Page 15 of 27 current c is of pc is output pc c next state type in strength is done state PCWN Letter done previous Digit done character Space or Tab done is weak Period or Comma done or neutral EndOfFile not done FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2013 5 5 total marks Linear Temporal Logic Below each temporal logic formula write out its meaning in words a x 0 A x 37 gt O x 3 b youWinALottery gt O youAreVeryRich c aPersonIsBorn thePersonIsAlive 4 thePersonIsDead d aMessagelIsSent theMessagelsReceived e O aMessagelsSent theMessagelsReceived If you use neither if nor any of henceforth always foreever and permanently and you are correct then you will get an extra point Page 16 of 27 FINAL EX
9. ed fi is fi You may either modify this diagram or draw a completely new diagram on the rest of this page Note that there are some additional questions after this one Page 11 of 27 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2013 If you included any text files i e something akin to the logically ordered file in the BDWP domain model in the interface part of the world explain why Alternatively if you did not explain why The question is phrased this way to avoid giving away the correct answer Please see below the use case model of the BDWP that was produced as Berry s solution to Deliverable 3 BDWP Insert character at cursor V Insert strong LR mark at cursor V User Insert strong RL mark at cursor V O Make selection a LR embedding V Make selection a RL embedding V Make selection a LR overriding Make selection a RL overriding VV Turn this use case model for a BDWP into a use case model for the UDWP described above Do not put in any use cases that are not needed and add any new ones that are needed You may either modify this diagram or draw a completely new diagram on the next blank page Page 12 of 27 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2013 Page 13 of 27 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2013 4 20 t
10. ents from end users rather than from clients the developers validated the new requirements with only the Venkatesh Vedula Jurassic Park a System Bound to Fail There are at least 3 ways for a safety critical system to deal with a failure in the system 1 to fail operationally 2 to fail safe and 3 to fail passively Which of the three is the most difficult to achieve Which of the three is the least difficult to achieve On the premise that one should apply the cheapest simplest method that leaves everyone safe which of the three should an aircraft apply and why and which of the three should an nuclear power plant apply and why Page 26 of 27 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2013 f Ali Niknafs or Daniel Berry The Impact of Domain Knowledge on the Effectiveness of Requirements Engineering Activities Niknafs conducted controlled experiments to test the hypothesis that a team with a mix of domain awares and domain ignorants generates more requirement ideas in brainstorming than does either a team with only or with only Niknafs found that the data do provide support for this hypothesis The nice thing about bidirectional word processor domain for Niknaf s experiment is that it sharply the population of potential experimental subjects into and Page 27 of 27 FINAL EXAM
11. er case letters are strong L R characters upper case letters are strong R L characters and the punctuation symbols other than and are themselves g joe said hi SHALOM and SALAAM Suppose that is RLE and is PDF Then show the correct visual order representation of LO2 Page 22 of 27 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2013 h Consider the following sentence LO3 in logical order with the convention that lower case letters are strong L R characters upper case letters are strong R L characters and the punctuation symbols other than and are themselves joe said hi SHALOM and SALAAM Suppose that in this case is RLO and J is PDF Then show the correct visual order representation of LO3 i w Consider the following sentence LO4 in logical order with the convention that lower case letters are strong L R characters upper case letters are strong R L characters and the punctuation symbols other than and J are themselves joe said hi SHALOM and SALAAM Suppose that is RLE and is PDF Then show the correct visual order representation of LO4 G wa Consider the following sentence LOS in logical order with the convention that lower case letters are strong L R characters upper case letters are strong R L characters and the punctuation symbols other than and J are themselve
12. lass model that was made from the sentence The thingamajig snarkles the doodad in ignorance of what some of the words in the sentence mean Consider the following refinement of this information about thingamajigs a Each thingamajig snarkles exactly two doodads b Each thingamajig is a thingamabob but only an occasional thingamabob is a thingamajig c Each thingamabob snuffles exactly one doohicky d Each doodad has a whatnot doing the basic diddling part of snarkeling e Each doohicky has a whatnot doing the basic diddling part of snuffling f Initially each doodad is mommed g Initially each doohicky is hicked h As a result of snarkling a doodad becomes jigged i As a result of snuffling a doohicky becomes bobbed j No thingamajig knows anything about whatnots k No thingamabob knows anything about whatnots Assume that these sentences describe the entire domain On the next page draw a domain model of this thingamajig domain in the form of a UML class diagram with a superimposed world diagram that divides the world into the environment the system and thus the shared interface Be sure to show a attributes and methods i e procedures in each class that needs any b lt actor gt gt stereotypes where they are needed c amultiplicity at each end of any arc connecting a pair of classes and d each necessary inheritance When you are finished making the domain model please add dotted
13. olders agree that if then N is regarded as having been satisfied Explain why the nonfunctional requirement performance may conflict with the nonfunctional requirement reusabilty Explain why the nonfunctional requirement performance may conflict with the nonfunctional requirement security Page 3 of 27 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2013 Give two reasons that We don t have enough time to finish the requirements We have to start coding to finish in time is a myth Why is it necessary for Donald Knuth s 7eXbook the user s manual for TEX to show the line breaking algorithm which is normally an implementation detail and is not discussed at all in user s manuals for other formatters such as troff and Microsoft Word Why is it necessary for a domain model and a user s manual for the bidirectional word processor you described in your deliverables to expose the existence of the logically ordered a k a time ordered internal edited file and its relationship to the visually ordered display What simple operation that is already done in most computer systems would make so called permanent deletion of files from recycle bin undoable If a customer offers you X to build system S in normal circumstances you will not take the job to build S unless you can be sufficiently certain that Page 4 of 27 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS44
14. otal marks State Machine Modeling One of the things that the Unicode Bidirectional Algorthm UBDA specifies is the determination of the strength of each character One particularly interesting part of this determination is the determination of the strength of the punctuation characters the period and the comma which can appear both as part of numerals what the UBDA calls a European Number and as punctuation among letters A period or comma that is part of a numeral is weak and a period or comma that is not part of a numeral and is thus punctuation is neutral You are going to complete an incomplete description of a state machine If this state machine were expressed as a traditional diagram with nodes and transition arcs it would be a mess It has 6 states and there is at least one transition arc between almost every pair of states including transitions between a state and itself Therefore a tabular specification will be used instead Each transition is of the form type c output pc at some strength pe c or type c output pc at some strength Here a type determines the category of its parameter c b c is the current input character c pe is the previous input character d pc c saves the current character as the previous character and e not all transitions need to save the current character as the previous character One cannot decide whether a period or comma i
15. ourse notes point out that the only ambiguity tends to happen in English as spoken by native English speakers and it does not tend to happen in French German Hebrew Italian Portuguese and Spanish as spoken by their native speakers List at least two language error ambiguities that are language independent i e they do happen in each language that has the error prone construct Page 18 of 27 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2013 Consider the 9 variations of the sentence ate an apple obtained by distributing only and also to different places in the sentence and possibly adding a comma ________ 1 Only ate an apple 2 only ate an apple W Late only an apple 4 ate an only apple 5 Also ate an apple 6 Also ate an apple 7 also ate an apple 8 ate also an apple 9 ate an also apple Items B through K below are sentences each of which might interpret explain or exemplify the meaning of one of 9 sentences above Item A is simply the claim that a sentence above is classified as meaningless Please in the underscore next to each sentence S above write the letter labeling one of the 11 items below that classifies interprets explains or exemplifies S Each letter appears in the underscores at most once A Meaningless B Besides playing football ate an apple C There was only one apple on the table to eat D Joe ate an apple
16. pecified software behaves when it is run which of the 3 phrases the X program a copy of the X program on a CD or an invocation of the X program running on your computer is best to replace by X and thus to use the phrase itself for each of the other phrases Why is your choice the best Page 20 of 27 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2013 7 20 total marks Unicode the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm and Bidirectional Word Processing a Each Arabic Persian or Urdu letter has up to forms but an occasional of these letters has only forms b If you do not have a menu or toolbox item for any special character you do not have a symbol or special character menu item that brings up a full table of possible insertions and you do not have a virtual keyboard with control characters then how may you enter control characters c If a user is trying to select in a file f a region of text that includes a direction change boundary cognitive dissonance is created by two phenomena 1 What is contiguous in the view of f is not contiguous in the view of f 2 While the hand moving the selecting pointer moves one way after the direction change boundary is crossed the highlighted region can d Connections i e joins between adjacent characters occur only in alphabets or charac ter sets such as Arabic Persian Urdu and Latin handwri
17. s joe said hi SHALOM and SALAAM Suppose that in this case is RLO and J is PDF Then show the correct visual order representation of LOS Page 23 of 27 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2013 k The set of problems that have been called the Fundamental Problems of Unicode Compliant WYSIWYG Bidirectional Word Processors arise from the facts that 1 the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm describes a compliant word processor s behavior in terms of both the and the of the processed file but 2 the user of the word processor has to work with the in which the control characters are Page 24 of 27 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2013 8 5 total marks Graduate Student Lectures Please answer all of at least three of the questions below If you answer more we will give you the points from the highest three In other words there is no extra credit for answering more than three a Lian Yang A Case Study Why the Requirements are Not Written What is the basic conundrum of the reason given by the COO for not producing a requirements document before beginning to write code No one in the software team sees the whole picture to effectively write the requirements Your answer should include another sentence that follows from the COO s reason that calls to question the whole development project
18. s part of a numeral until the character after the period or comma has been examined and it has been ascertained that the period or comma is surrounded by digits Therefore the state machine does not output a character and announce its strength until one transition after the one that read it So the state machine must save the current character as the previous character in every transition except the last transition to the final state The name of a typical state encodes the possible strengths of the previous character Page 14 of 27 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2013 current c is of pc is output pe c next state type in strength is done state Initial Letter not done done PCS Digit not done done PCW Space or Tab not done done PCN Period or Comma not done done PCN EndOfFile not done not done Final PCS Letter Strong done PCS previous Digit Strong done PCW character Space or Tab Strong done PCN is Period or Comma Strong done PCN strong EndOfFile Strong not done Final PCN Letter Neutral done PCS previous Digit Neutral done PCW character Space or Tab Neutral done PCN is Period or Comma Neutral done PCN neutral EndOfFile Neutral not done Final PCW Letter Weak done previous Digit Weak done character Space or Tab Weak done is Period or Comma Weak
19. tem asks for an explanation as well So it is generally not worth guessing on True or False items 1 25 total marks Short Answer Many Fill in the Blanks Some True or False In the validation condition D S R for a system under development D describes S describes and R describes There is lots of uncertainty in D and R because they are about the real _________ Even though a program can be thought of as a man made formal mathe matical artifact there is some uncertainty even in S For example the expression x 1 0 x 1 0 occurring in S is not always true Explain why In D S R about a traffic light suggest concrete changes to S about the behavior of the traffic light system itself that allow removing the assumptions 1 that drivers obey the law and 2 that cars function correctly from D while still meeting R which says that cars going in perpendicular directions do not collide Page 2 of 27 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2013 What two questions must be asked of a client whenever a natural language scenario step from the client is of the form If all goes well display AOK on the screen Quality Function Deployment QFD is so named because a QFD matrix qualities to Suppose that in a QFD matrix the nonfunctional requirement N is mapped positively to functional requirements R1 Rn QFD s basic premise is that the stakeh
20. ting Ligatures occur in any alphabet or character set and involve replacing two or more adjacent internal characters by one character Lam alif is the most universally used ligature in at least Arabic and Persian Give two examples of two character ligatures that are used in Latin alphabets For a bonus point give a three character ligature that is used in Latin alphabets Page 21 of 27 FINAL EXAM UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO SE463 CS445 CS645 ECE451 FALL 2013 e Suppose that A and B are characters in a character set in which adjacent letters join Suppose also that A and B normally form a ligature when they are adjacent and in that order If one prevents an occurrence of A followed by B from forming the ligature that they normally form by inserting a zero width joiner ZWJ in between A and B then the characters A and B will However if one prevents an occurrence of A followed by B from forming the ligature that they normally form by inserting a zero width non joiner ZWNJ in between A and B then the characters A and B will Consider the following sentence LO1 in logical order with the convention that lower case letters are strong L R characters upper case letters are strong R L characters and the punctuation symbols are themselves joe said hi SHALOM and SALAAM Then show the correct visual order representation of LOL wa Consider the following sentence LO2 in logical order with the convention that low
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