User Manual op5 System 3.0
Contents
1. 17 8 Useful commands ee Frau is eege see lanea Vi Ut RR NE MV ea Eeer EU vae VM E Exe PEPPER PRIN a UNES 18 9 deiere 18 lin A 19 Copyright 2003 2007 op5 AB www op5 com Page 1 of 12 All rights reserved C op5 1 Introduction This document is intended for the System administrator that has the operational responsibility for the op5 system You are expected to have good knowledge and understanding of computers but you don t have to have any prior UNIX or Linux knowledge This document will try to give you a brief overview of the underlying system that is the base for all op5 products and it will cover most basic things that are needed to manage the day to day operation 2 Fundamentals 2 1 op5 System op5 utilizes CentOS 5 as the operating system and base for all products CentOS is an Enterprise class Linux Distribution derived from Red Hat Enterprise Linux sources This means that CentOS 5 is binary compatible with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 The op5 System contain a basic but minimal CentOS server installation as a base On top of that we add common tools and applications for example MySQL database and apache webserver The op5 System also contain a number of custom op5 made tools and applications All applications are distributed as RPM packages for more information regarding the rpm package format see h2. root Here is a list of useful RPM commands rpm Uvh lt packagename gt Installs or upgrades a package rpm e lt packagename gt removes an installed package rpm qi lt packagename gt Gives information about an installed package rpm ql lt packagename gt lists files that the package provides 6 License management The op5 System require a valid license to be fully functional If there is any problem with the license or if no license is installed there will be a warning displayed at the top of every page Gi There seems to be a problem with your license Click here for more information About your ops Installation This page shows general information about installed op5 Products It includes the following items License information 3 gt Available Updates gt Version Information gt Brief Changelog gt Service and Support gt Request for Enhancements RFE gt Software Licensing Information Clicking that warning bar will take you to a license handling page Information regarding your license can also be found on the op5 System portal page To install or upgrade a license navigate your browser to the license handling page Copyright 2003 2007 op5 AB www op5 com Page 12 of 12 All rights reserved Install new licen se Install a new license or replace your existing license You can choose to upload your xml license file or paste the contents of your license file in the text area below
3. 2 0 0p5 4 RHEL5 op5 system addon portal noarch 1 4 4 0p5 1 RHEL5 op5 system addon This means that there are three available updates To download and install the plugins 1386 and portal norach packages issue yum update plugins i386 portal noarch Yum have a built in dependency checker that automatically fetches any other package that the chosen package s depend on To install all available updates you issue the same command but without specifying any package yum update NOTE The repositories provided by op5 is intended for op5 customers only You therefor need to have a valid op5 license installed to be able to use yum 5 2 Retrieving patches manually The RPM packages can also be downloaded from op5 Support portal https support op5 se This is not the preferred way to keep your system updated but if firewall rules or other reasons prevent you from using yum this is the fallback To check for available packages navigate your web browser to your op5 System https lt op5 system ip gt and click on the Check for updates button Available patches will be presented to you Copyright O 2003 2007 op5 AB www op5 com Page 10 of 12 All rights reserved About your ops Installation This page shows general information about installed op5 Products It includes the following items License information 3 gt Available Updates gt Version Information gt Brief Changelog gt Service and Support 3 gt Requ
4. Upload xmi license file Select license file to upload Browse Upload license Paste license file contents Paste the contents of your license file here Upload license To install a license you either use the Browse button to locate the license XML file which you should have on your local computer You can also paste the license information in the larger text box Click the Upload license button and the license will be installed 7 Administrative tasks 7 1 start stop services To control which programs that shall run on the system when it is started you can use following commands chkconfig service chkconfig can be used to control which programs that should be started during the boot sequence It can also show you the current configuration Copyright 2003 2007 op5 AB www op5 com Page 13 of 12 All rights reserved GC op5 service can start and stop programs during runtime This is for example useful if you would like to restart op5 Monitor Here is a list of useful command options and explanations chkconfig list List which programs that shall be started at boot time This command first list the program name and then seven columns that represents different run levels All you have to care about is runlevel 3 which is the default runlevel for op5 System chkconfig smsd on chkconfig smsd off Tells the system to start or stop the smsd program during boot time service monitor stop service monitor
5. start Turns on and off OP5 Monitor during runtime 7 2 Shutdown or restart To shutdown the system in a proper way you should log onto the system as root user and issue the following command shutdown h now This means that the system will shutdown all running programs and then halt After this it is safe to shut down the power to the system To restart the system issue the command reboot or press Control Alt Delete on the console 7 3 Backing up the System It is important to backup your op5 System to be able to restore configuration and important data in case of a system failure There are several ways to backup the system Since op5 System is based on CentOS 5 most large providers of backup solutions has clients that can be installed on the op5 System For those cases where backup possibilities for linux systems does not exist we have created a backup utility called op5backup that can create backup s of system configuration data and op5 product configurations and data Copyright 2003 2007 op5 AB www op5 com Page 14 of 12 All rights reserved C op5 opSbackup consists of a backup script and a restore script The backup script op5backup sh can be scheduled to run using cron and it can place the backup s in a local or remote mounted directory or transfer the file to another server over FTP 7 3 1 Configuration To configure op5backup edit the file etc opSbackup conf Following variables needs to be set trans
6. Authentication configuration e Firewall configuration e Keyboard configuration e System services e Network configuration e Timezone configuration To run the setup tool log on as user root and run the command setup monitor root setup The following screen will appear Copyright 2003 2007 op5 AB www op5 com Page 5 of 12 All rights reserved Choose a Tool fiuthentication configuration Firewall configuration keyboard configuration Network configuration System services Timezone configuration Setup tool 1 Use the arrow keys to navigate the setup tool When you are done configuring check that all settings are correct and exit the program Don t forget to save Note Firewall SELinux and Authentication settings should be altered with care Creating a restrictive configuration might cause op5 products to malfunction 4 2 Editing configuration files You can also setup an op5 System by using a text editor such as vim or jed Note this manual does not cover the usage of vim or jed there are other manuals that does that Check out the command vimtutor for an intruduction to the vim editor The following files needs to be edited if you configure the system by a text editor To configure keyboard layout etc sysconfig keyboard To set root password run the command passwd monitor root passwd To configure timezone etc sysconfig clock To configure network settings FQDN hostname and host al
7. C op5 User Manual op5 System 3 0 Table of Contents acsi P 3 2 F ndamental ne ee ee 3 2 LOB Syst m ee ei 3 22 EE 3 2 2 1 The portal Web GEES anne a ee 3 2 2 2 C ns le and SSH ACCESS T D 5 Re E 5 SE IG T NU 5 SNE a RE e 5 Z System COH TE ANON o ask p erneut dee tub ra EARRA AEEA En ee ee 6 4 1 Using tlie Set D TOOL ze Eier 6 4 2 Editing configuration Ilse ae 7 4 3 Other configuration seltings aan ee 8 4 3 1 Kernel modules etc modprobe conf sese 8 4 3 2 Network time servet etc ntp COIT usi ein x IER d Pa Dads 8 4 3 3 E mail settings J SUC post Prx It Ti ET een 8 2 3 1 SMS modem efc smsd GOD cuins see ep Uer dee ba e DEDE i aD deeg 9 e Ee WT E ue EE 9 4 3 6 SSL certificates etc httpd mksslert sh nn 10 4 3 7 System backup etc op5backup conf einander 10 4 3 8 Static routes elc sysconfig sLatio FOUIBS ee sacr ea 10 SM ibacntusu nnde 10 5 1 YUM upd te managet een ee dads bad EEEa A EE a TERE aaRS 10 5 2 Retrieving patches mama a 2a re ee 11 5 3 Handling RPM packages Eegeregie Eeer 13 6 License MIAN AS SII M 14 PISO AG s e neni 15 B c FE i civ 13 72 Sh tdown or SAN oio iade carried ants trai bna E cec vie itin tiM 16 7 3 Backing p the System 16 ESSERE CLIENT EET 17 had Scheduls EE 17 732 E n n T
8. and update management The tool included in the portal page can be used to view information regarding installed software without needing to access the system console Version Information op5 specific packages installed on this server Click on link for package details gt gt gt gt gt gt gt gt gt gt gt gt Search for packages installed on this server http monitor 3 2 0 monitor autoreports 1 6 0 monitor qui 3 2 0 monitor notify 3 2 0 monitor passive 3 0 5 monitor networkmap 3 2 1 monitor webconfig 3 2 2 monitor simple graphs 2 0 0 statistics 2 10 4 statistics scripts 2 10 4 plugins 2 2 0 portal 1 4 4 gt httpd 2 2 3 gt httpd devel 2 2 3 Package details Package name httpd Version 2 2 3 Release 7 el5 centos Install date Fri Sep 28 11 38 45 2007 Build date Wed Jun 27 01 35 30 2007 Package summary Apache HTTP Server Description The Apache HTTP Server is a powerful efficient and extensible web server Search On the left there is a list of op5 specific packages In the example above we can for example see that the current version of the monitor webconfig package is 3 2 2 Clicking the link will display more information regarding the package There is also a search function were you can find information regarding any other package installed Entering http in the search box and Copyright 2003 2007 op5 AB www op5 com All rights reserved Pag
9. and sendsms monitor root sendsms Destination 46733123456 Text Testing to send SMS If you whant to see whats happening you can issue the command tail f var log smsd log which will show you the conversation between the sms program and the gsm modem 4 3 5 NRPE etc nrpe conf Editing this file is optional but highly recommended NRPE is the UNIX Linux agent that op5 products use to gather information about the op5 System To allow an op5 System to communicate with NRPE the allowed hosts variable needs to be edited Example Copyright 2003 2007 op5 AB www op5 com Page 8 of 12 All rights reserved C op5 allowed hosts 127 0 0 1 192 168 1 10 4 3 6 SSL certificates etc httpd mksslcrt sh This is a script that can be used to generate a self signed SSL certificate for the OP5 webbserver Run the script by issuing the command etc httpd mksslcrt sh Example etc httpd mksslcrt sh Note If you select to encrypt the CA and SERVER keys on STEP 7 and 8 you will have to enter the pass phrase every time you start apache op5 recommend you not to encrypt keys 4 3 7 System backup etc opbbackup conf Note op5 recommends that you configure backup for your system op5backup is a simple but efficient backup utility for the op5 System It can backup the configuration of op5 System op5 Monitor op5 Statistics and op5 Logserver If you configure op5backup it is very easy to restore a failed system Read more on Back
10. e 3 of 12 C op5 clincking search will produce a list of packages with http in there name Selecting a particular package will display more detailed information regarding the package 2 2 2 Console and SSH access The easiest way to administer the system is to use SSH SSH is much like telnet but it is encrypted so that nobody can see or interfere with what you are typing To use SSH you must install a SSH client software at your computer Most Linux distributions comes with a SSH client included and there are several SSH clients available free of charge for Microsoft Windows We recommend putty that can be found on http www chiark greenend org uk sgtatham putty An other capable SSH client for Microsoft Windows can be found at http www ssh com It is only free for non commercial use though This client also includes an interface to transfer files in a secure manner from and to the op5 server You need to access the system via the console or by SSH to install upgrades and patches 2 3 System accounts To change the configuration of an op5 System you often need to log on as the user root The root account is the superuser of the system and equal to the Administrator account in Windows The default password for user root is monitor without the quotes NOTE You should change the password for the root user as soon as possible after installation to block unauthorized access Be aware that when you are logged on the sy
11. est for Enhancements RFE Software Licensing Information Gop5 Monitor amp yopb Statistics License information There is no license file installed on this system Click here to install a license file Available updates Check for available updates for your op5 installation This link will open a new window conneg ng to the op5 support web and displaying updates currently not ins Check for Updates Check for updates 2 Note To do this you need to have access to the op5 System and Internet from the computer you are working from The Check for updates button posts a list of installed packages and versions to op5 Support portal This is needed to present a correct list of updates for your system Download the RPM packages to the op5 System Tip First download the packages to your computer then use a sftp Secure FTP program to transfer the files to the op5 System A popular freeware sftp program for Windows is WinSCP 5 3 Handling RPM packages manually RPM is the package management software that op5 System utilizes A RPM package consists of all files and information necessary to install or upgrade a software Copyright O 2003 2007 op5 AB www op5 com Page 11 of 12 All rights reserved C op5 To install an RPM package use the command rpm Uvh Example monitor root rpm Uvh plugins 2 0 6 0p5 4 rpm Preparing Har aE a a aE aE HE aE a a aE a aE a 100 1 plugins HH 1005 monitor
12. fer set this to ftp or local if you use local as transfer location the configure this variable storagepath set this to where the backup should be placed if you use ftp as transfer mode then configure following variables backupserver set this to a FQDN or ipaddress to you ftp server backuppathz set this to the path where you want your backups Leave blank if no path is needed backupuser username for the ftp account backuppass password for the ftp account If you have added software or data to your op5 System that you want to be included in the backup you can use the userdir and userfile variables Example userdir 1 my own dir userdir 2 usr local bin myapp LL userfile 1 usr local ete myapp conf 7 3 2 Schedule backups To setup cron to execute this script you need to edit the crontab file Log on as root and execute crontab e For backups every monday at 01 59 enter the following 59 01 1 usr sbin op5backup sh For backups at 01 59 the 1 st of every month 59 01 1 usr sbin op5backup sh 7 3 3 Restore To restore a backup execute the op5restore sh script with the backup file as argument usr sbin op5restore se thebackup tar gz Copyright 2003 2007 op5 AB www op5 com Page 15 of 12 All rights reserved GC op5 8 Useful commands cd change directory pwd show current directory Is list directory contents rm delete file or directory m
13. iases etc resolv conf DNS etc sysconfig network Hostname Domain Default gateway Copyright 2003 2007 op5 AB www op5 com Page 6 of 12 All rights reserved GC op5 etc sysconfig network scripts ifcfg lt ifname gt IP Address Netmask 4 3 Other configuration settings 4 3 1 Kernel modules etc modprobe conf Editing this file is optional the default settings are usually sufficient This file sets options to modules drivers that is loaded into the kernel You need to edit this file to configure duplex settings for the op5 System network cards or if you want to change or turn bonding support on or off 4 3 2 Network time server etc ntp conf Editing this file is optional but highly recommended by op5 This file configures which server that the op5 System shall use as Network Time Server Edit the variable server to change the server to synchronize against It is possible to add several server entries to get time from several NTP servers If you are unsure about if you have a NTP server to synchronize against you can always use pool ntp org which is a large pool of free to use NTP servers on the Internet Example server ntp pool org When you have edited the file you can issue following commands to force a time syncronization and test your configuration service ntpd stop ntpdate ntpl sth netnod se service ntpd start You can replace ntpl sth netnod se in the example above with the ipaddress or h
14. ing up the System 4 3 8 Static routes etc sysconfig static routes Editing this file is optional Persistent routes must be added to the file etc sysconfig static routes using the following sytax lt interface gt net lt network gt gw lt gateway gt example bondO net 172 27 76 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 gw 192 168 1 1 5 Patch management The op5 System is RPM based therefore all patches is distributed as RPM packages Starting with op5 System version 3 0 the yum update manager is supported and the recommended method to update your system More information regarding yum is found at http linux duke edu projects yum 5 1 YUM update manager Yum is an automatic updater and package installer remover for rpm based Linux systems Yum is the default method used to update a number of major rpm based distributions including CentOS and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 The op5 System is preconfigured to Copyright 2003 2007 op5 AB www op5 com Page 9 of 12 All rights reserved GC op5 retreive all its updates via op5 repositories To manage yum you need console access to the system or log on via SSH To check if there are any updates availabe for your system execute yum check update Issuing the command above might give a result looking like this Loading installonlyn plugin Setting up repositories Reading repository metadata in from local files op5 system upgrade noarch 3 0 3 0p5 1 RHEL5 op5 system base plugins i386 2
15. ostname of your own NTP server Note NTP communicates over port 123 UDP don t forget to configure your firewalls 4 3 3 E mail settings etc postfix main cf Editing this file is mandatory This file configures postfix which is the MTA Mail Transfer Agent that comes with op5 System The MTA is used primarily to send out notification and report emails from op5 s products Copyright 2003 2007 op5 AB www op5 com Page 7 of 12 All rights reserved C op5 To be able to deliver emails following variables must be edited myhostname set this to the FQDN of your op5 System If you want the MTA to use a relay host ie forward all emails to a specific mail server edit following variables relay host set this to the hostname of your mail server This variable is optional fallback relay set this to the hostname of your fallback relay in case your primary mailserver is down This variable is optional Note Don t forget to change relay host if you change hostname or IP on your email server 4 3 4 SMS modem etc smsd conf Editing this file is optional This file configures the smsd program that sends SMS messages This file is only needed if your system is equipped with a GSM GPRS modem If you don t want to edit this file make sure to disable the PIN code control on your SIM card If you want to use a PIN code you need to uncomment and edit the variable pin Example pin 1234 To test your settings you can issue the comm
16. stem as root you have the power to literally wipe the system out so be careful and if unsure take a backup before performing any changes read more on backups below Backing up the System 3 Install Restore 3 1 Install a new system To install a new op5 System you need the op5 Installation Recovery CD If you have not received the cd with the system you can download it as an iso file from https support op5 se and burn a installation cd using your favorite cd creation program Assure that you have console access by connecting a monitor and keyboard to the op5 System Copyright 2003 2007 op5 AB www op5 com Page 4 of 12 All rights reserved C op5 Insert the op5 Installation Recovery CD and reboot the system read more in the Shutdown or restart section If the system already is powered off simply power it on and insert the cd before the system bootup sequence has started Follow the instructions the on screen instructions 4 System configuration 4 1 Using the setup tool op5 System contains a menu based configuration tool called setup With this tool you can configure some of the system base settings Configuration options not supported by the setup tool are covered in the Other configuration settings section below Note All examples are from using the op5 System console Using SSH should work the same but colors may differ The following configuration options are covered by the setup tool e
17. ttp www rpm org 2 2 System access There are three ways to access an op5 System 1 Direct access to console by connecting a monitor and a keyboard 2 By using SSH Secure SHell 3 By HTTPS using a standard web browser 2 2 1 The portal web access The third way HTTPS access is used to access the web interfaces for op5 products and the op5 System portal page You can use the portal page to gather information about installed software and retrieve information regarding new patches from op5 Support web You find the portal by directing your web browser to the op5 System https lt server address gt The web interface cannot be used to administer the operating system The portal web page contain links to any installed op5 products Copyright 2003 2007 op5 AB www op5 com Page 2 of 12 All rights reserved About your ops Installation This page shows general information about installed op5 Products It includes the following items voy ow vow v ov License information Available Updates Version Information Brief Changelog Service and Support Request for Enhancements RFE Software Licensing Information ke op5 Monitor Gopd Statistics opS LogServer The product logos on the portal page links to the respective products web page The system portal also contain a simple interface towards the rpm package manager See the Patch Management section for more information regarding the rpm package format
18. v move or rename file or directory tail show the 10 last rows in a file useful for viewing logs tail f to follow trace less show the contents of a file man manual vi A text editor jed another text editor 9 References https support op5 se http www centos org http www rpm org http www chiark greenend org uk sgtatham putty http www ssh com http winscp net http linux duke edu projects yum Copyright O 2003 2007 op5 AB www op5 com Page 16 of 12 All rights reserved 10 Index A Check for updates Uc COMMMANGS Eessen CONSOLE ET ING Y DOALG EE 6 L IS CERTE MENTI ern 13 M OP5 Installation Recovery e KE 5 6 ele rn HQ 10 15 P Copyright O 2003 2007 op5 AB www op5 com Page 17 of 12 All rights reserved 32511 A E EE 7 SETVICE nn see e 14 Copyright 2003 2007 op5 AB www op5 com Page 18 of 12 All rights reserved
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