"user manual"
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1. Now the information has been transferred from RAM to EPROM and stored READING THE INFORMATION FROM EPROM After programming it is necessary to verify the contents of EPROM For this the following stens should be followed in sequence 1 Apply 5V to Pin No 24 of 2716 2 Apply 5V to Pin No 21 of 2716 3 Load the program in RAM from starting address 2050 4 Execute the program Go 2050 EXE 5 Now the address will appear at the address field and the data will appear at the data field of the display The software in the read mode provides facility to either incre ment or decrement the address by the use of separate incremen ting Next and decrementing EXE keys so as to enable forward and backward search of the stored data in EPROM B Electrochem 3 1 Jan Feb 1987 81 Pandiammal etai Microprocessor based life cycle tester for batteries INITIALISE a REGISTER PORTS SENO LOW TO HIGH LOGIC TO OUTPUT ENABLE PIN OF EPROM SELECT EPROM CiP To BE PROGRAMMED APPLY NEXT 11 BiT AOORESS TO EPROM THROUGH LATCH A w MOVE NEXT BBIT OATA TO BE PROGRAMMED FROM RAM 10 EPROM THROUGH LATCH TEST FOR Nad NUMBER OF OATA BYTES TO BE TRANSFERRED APPLY LOW TO HIGH LOGIC TO PROGRAMMING PIN OF EPROM APPLY HIGH TO LOW LOGIC TO PROGRAMMNG PIN OF EPROM YES Fig 4 Flow diagram for programming The EPROM programmer is easy to construct The circuit can be extended for prog2. Pandiammal etal Microprocessor based life cycle tester for batteries WITIALISE REGISTERS ACC PORTS LOAD DISCHARGE T CHARG ETTI BYTE IN f i BCD First two bytes in hrs amp second two bytes are in mins OUTPORT A DISCHARGE Yes YES COMPLIMENT A ESN Ng NO OF CYCLES REQUIRED Fig 2 Flow chart for constant time mode FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION When the instrument is switched on it changes the mode of testing to discharging mode Then the discharge time and charge time in hours and minutes are fed into the microprocessor through keyboard Then the microprocessor will measure the cell voltage for every sec through A D convertor 8703 and compares the lower limit of the cell voltage E2 i e upto 1V After discharge time is over it will switch over to charging mode The battery will be changed to charging modc even before discharge time is over if the cell voltage comes below lower limit In the charging mode a d c power supply at 1 amp current rating is connected to charge the battery E1 as long as the battery voltage is below the upper limit El upto 3V For one cycle one discharge and one charge Operations are taken The battery will be switched over between discharge and charge modes till it reaches no of cycles No for which the battery is to be put under testing Once it reaches the required no of cycles then the system will come to stop In the discharging mode the discharge current is 1 amp A D
3. C resistor is used as load In 80 B Electrochem 3 1 Jan Feb 1987 the charging mode also the charging is maintained at amp through electronic resistor The system is built around SDK 85 with bus expansion for ad ditional memory upto 8K bytes 1 3 A programmable timer 8253 is used in hardware interrupt mode Most part of the microprocessor time is used for cell voltage monitoring and com paring with set limits 1 E2 T1 amp T2 The counter 0 and counter 1 are used in mode 3 and counter 2 is used in mode 0 The bytes stored in counters are in BCD form The output of counter 0 is clock input to counter 1 and output of counter 1 is clock input to counter 2 and output of counter 2 is used for RST 7 5 inter rupt The clock output from microprocessor is given to counter 0 clock input The charge discharge time is fed into microprocessor in BCD form That time byte is converted into number i e minutes say 1 hour ten minutes 70 minutes This time in minutes in BCD form is stored in counter 2 of 8253 The period of clock in put to counter 2 is made equivalent to 1 minute i e frequency of the clock input to counter 2 is 1 60 Hz So a pulse output will appear at the output pin of counter 2 which will interrupt the microprocessor at the end of TC terminal count of counter 2 i e at the end of charge discharge time At location 20 CE a microprocessor instruction is written to a subroutine program which changes the mode of the batte
4. Y Y 11 A gt A OB 01 M M ON 3E 80 D3 83 7A E6 07 F6 08 32 AO 20 D3 82 7B D3 81 7E D3 80 3A AO 20 F6 10 D3 82 D5 11 00 10 CD F1 05 DI 3A A020 D3 82 EPROM PROGRAMMER Software Source Statement Initialise stackepoiunter Initialise HL register pair X2 X Low Address Hea Y Y High Address byte f Of RAM from where data is to be transferred to EPROM Initialise DE register pair A2A Low Address byte OB High Address byte EPROM to where DATA is to be transferred B 1s 0 to 7 Initialise BC register pair M M DATA IN an ON DATA IN HEX x No of bytes to be transferred N is 0 to 7 MVI A 80 is the code number for making port A port B and port C as Output ports in zero mode 83 is the address of command register of 8255 MOV A D ANI to unmask page numbers ORI to give High Logic to output Enable pin of EPROM STA store this information at RAM Location 20 AO for later use OUT 82 MOV A E OUT 81 MOV A M Move Data to be programmed to ACC of LDA Retrieve the data stored at 20A0 ORI OUT 82 Gives a Highlogic to pro gramming pin of EPROM PUSH D Initialise DE register pair with 00 10 D 10 E 00 Delay subroutine in SDK 85 monitor POP D LDA Load ACC with ine contents of 20A0 OUT 82 one data is now pro grammed at EPROM INXH INX D DCX B MOV A B ORA C JNZ not all datas stored Jump to 2010 RST 1 DISPLAY 8085 on the SDK 85 d
5. B Electrochem 3 1 January Februay 1987 pp 79 83 ELECTROCHEMICAL INSTRUMENTATION MICROPROCESSOR BASED LIFE CYCLE TESTER FOR BATTERIES M PANDIAMMAL K MUTHU K R RAMAKRISHNAN and Y MAHADEVA IYER Central Electrochemical Research Institute Karaikudi 623 006 Life cycle testing of batteries requires sophisticated instrumentation for measurement of various parameters to evaluate the performance of batteries in the charge discharge mode in a production line and logging the measured values for carrying out data processing either with the help of a computer connected off line or on line The parameters normally measured are voltage current charging discharging time number of cycles etc The measurements are carried out usually under constant current condition This paper deals with a microprocessor based charging unit for life cycle testing of storage cells and the developed software is fused with the help of the EPROM programmer whose design is also incorporated in this paper LIFE CYCLE TESTER FOR BATTERIES ne present system described here is a microprocessor based battery life cycle tester with software for fixing the charge discharge cycle and multiplexing of cells upto 256 nos The unit is easily expandable with proper addition of peripherals to evaluate any parameter Software modification can be easily carried out unlike in other rigid modules to meet any specific testing demand Since the development of the storage cells being an ongoin
6. g pro ject the present system described here enables acquiring and log ging of a large number of data for further processing SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The proposed system consists of scanning a series of individual cells which are either in changing mode or discharge mode The cells are charged with constant current chargers or charging through DISPLAY KEYBOARD Fig 1 Battery tester schematic resistors or SCRs The cells are also discharged under constant cur rent or through a resistor or through SCRs The individual cell voltages scanned are logged in RAMs which are expanded upto the level required using the bus expansion facility of SDK 85 kit The set high voltage E1 is compared every time during charging and the cells are stopped for charging at a high level upto 3 volts and reversed to discharging mode Every charge and discharge cy cle is logged and recorded The timing is obtained for charge and discharge cycle from an 8253 timer if constant time charge discharge mode is carried out or if the limits are exceeded during charging the timer reading is logged for reaching the voltage limits of charge and discharge The independent timer thus enables more flexibili ty to the microprocessor to attend to service calls as well as sampl ing only A detailed schematic diagram for a simple cell charge and discharge cycle is given in Fig l and the flow chart of the developed program is given in Fig 2 RELAY 1 MULT PLEXER
7. isplay to indicate that program ming is over 2050 2053 2054 2056 2038 20 5A 20 5D 20 5E 2060 2061 2063 2065 2067 2068 206B 206C 206D 2070 2071 2074 2075 2077 20 7A 20 7B 20 7D 20 x0 2081 3E 08 30 3E 90 D3 83 11 X X Y Y2 7B D3 81 7A E6 07 Ds 82 DB 80 DS CD 6E 03 D1 D5 CD 6303 FB CD E7 02 Di FE 11 C2 7B 20 13 FE 10 C2 5D 20 1B C3 5D 20 B Electrochem 3 1 Jan Feb 1987 Seftware for reading the groqrammed data Locations OP Code 31 C2 20 Source statement Initialise stack pointer Unmask RST 5 5 SIM Make port A of 8255 as input port and ports B amp C as output ports OUT 83 INITIALISE DE Register pair XX Low address bytelof EPROM Y Y2 High address bs ho page number where contents are to be read MOV A E OUT 81 MOV A D ANI TO unmask page number and to apply Low logic to output Enable pin of EPROM IN 80 PUSH D CALL UPDDT POPD PUSH D CALL UPDAD EI RDKBD POPD CPI Next Button JNZ INX D CPI EXEC Button JNZ DCX D 83
8. ramming of multiple 2716 EPROMs in parallel and also for loading different data in the different chips as well In the latter case except for CE PGM all like inputs of the parallel 2716s may be common A TTL level program pulse applied to the 2716s CE PGM input with VPP at 25V will program a particular chip while a low level CE PGM input inhibits all other 2716 from being programmed Using this EPROM programmer a microprocessor based monitor and testing systems for batteries has been designed and fabricated REFERENCES 1 A P Mathur Introduction to microprocessors Tata McGraw Hill 1985 2 A P Malvino Digital Computer electronics Tata McGraw Hill 1985 3 MCS 85 Intel User s Manual September 1978 4 8085 Microprocessor and the common peripheral LSIs that are compatible with 8085 IISc Bangalore 5 SDK System design kit user s manual 82 B Electrochem 3 1 Jan Feb 1987 INITIALISE ACC REGISTERS OF PORTS SEND CHIP SELECT SIGNAL TO EPROM APPLY NEXT 1l BIT ADDRESS TO EPROM THROUGH LATCH SEND LOW LOGIC TO OUTPUT ENABLE PIN OF EPROM READ DATA FROM EPROM THROUG DATA BUS Fig 5 Flow diagram for program reading Pandiammal etal Microprocessor based life cycle tester for batteries Locations OP Code 2000 2003 2006 2009 200C 200E 2010 2011 2013 2015 2027 2028 202B 202E 202F 2032 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 203 C 31 C2 20 21 X X
9. ry Multiplexer 16S A D converter 8703 and sample hold amplifier are used to select batteries and to monitor the battery voltage Port A of 8255 is used for output ting signals to electronic resistors The 6 digit display available at the kit will display the cell voltage in address field and display the charge discharge mode in the data field The test system described in this paper is capable of carrying out life cycle testing of nickel zinc cells to a minimum of one to a maximum of 8 Nos It could be expanded to 256 The instru ment can also be easily expanded to record data such as temperature state of charge capacitance internal resistance etc for which work is being carried out in this lab The specifications are as follows for the testing system Mode Constant time charging discharging 2 Fixed number of cycles of charging discharging 3 Endurance mode voltage sensing mode and recording maximum number of cycles Charging cutoff voltage E1 upto 3 volts Discharging cutoff voltage E2 upto 1 volt Charging discharging current for each cycle 500 mA to 10 A Max No of cells to be connected 8 256 Programme listing can be supplied on request EPROM PROGRAMMER In a computer or in a microprocessor based system memories are required for storing informations like data instructions etc 2 4 ROM or EPROM is basically a non volatile memory This means even when the power to the memory is switched off the
10. stored contents are retained The contents of ROM are either Pandiammal etal Microprocessor based ife cycle tester for batteries cS og VCC tsy 74 LSO i Da 3 Iof DO LALR 4 3 gt 6 R 1 a 3 1 MLSa2 1 x sS08 Fig 3 Circuit diagram for EPROM programmer blown by the manufacturers at the time of manufacturing or by the user with the aid of special programmers like the one presented here To meet the changing requirements of the user Erasable and Reprogrammble Read Only Memories EPROM chips are available The programmer consists of 8255 PPI chip the memory chip to be programmed and a push button switch to connect a 25V or 5V supply to the program pin of 2716 It is shown in Fig 3 The developed programmer unit has a Euro edge connector for connecting the unit with the SDK 85 microprocessor kit during pro gramming and program reading S The flow chart of the monitor listing to enable carrying out pro gramming and reading the EPROM is given in figs 4 and 5 respectively PROGRAMMING For programming the following steps are followed in sequence 1 5V is applied to Pin No 24 of 2716 2 25 V is applied to Pin No 21 of 2716 3 Load the program in RAM 8155 from starting address 2000 2 Vep 2 cc ae qt e 4 Load the informations to be blown into 2716 in RAM location starting from 8000 5 Execute the program Press Go 2000 EXE 6 Remove 25V suppiy 7 Remove 5V supply _
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