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1. 67 5 5 8 POINTE eT 69 5 5 9 DISABLE EXTERNAE CONTROL iniri teh nose tet ur tone oen dest b buen a 70 70 5 6 Hybrid Testing with Ul SimCor and 70 5 6 1 JissimCor CONTISUTATION dials 70 5 6 2 NICON COITIBUFESEIOR 71 5 6 3 PrO COUTO amete mes DES 73 5 6 4 Geographically Distributed whee 77 79 6 1 79 6 2 Accelerometer Installatio 81 6 3 Adding Instrumentation System enn nnne 82 6 4 EVDE GC Al ME Ut Em 83 6 4 1 Operation in the Measurement amp Automation Explorer 83 6 4 2 Setting Up the sl Call iets 84 6 4 3 CANDI UON 85 6 4 4 APPLY CALIBRATION E 87 6 5 Accelerometer 16 a E decane 89 7 Contact Informatio E TTN gt 90 8 Appendix 1 Data Acquisition Channels of SCB 68 ccscccccssscccceesececeeseccceeeeeceeeeseceeeeneceeseeeeeetas 91 8 1 N E eee ioe 92 8 2 E 92 9 Appendix Il Calibration Equations of all the
2. 28 4 3 i sU D 29 4 4 Shake Table Testing with Earthquake 33 4 5 Shake table motion generation using SeismoSignal ccccccssseccceesececeenecceceuseceeseseceeeueeceeeeees 38 Hybrid Testing Controller Systems and Operation eene 43 5 1 Hardware ICCC assa iuc 43 5 1 1 Iitermal Hydra lic Control 43 5 1 2 General DAQ CONMECUON 43 5 1 3 External Hybrid Testing nennen nennen nns 43 5 2 THEO dtes te et cer oor ne re ied C aU I MIN M UC IM Ee 45 5 3 Real time Controller RTC Formatting and Software Installation using NI Measurement and Automation Explorer MAX be Ne CL UE I 46 5 4 Creating System Definition File in NI VeriStand nennen 52 5 5 Testing aua aridi o 54 5 5 1 BUIED MODEL A 54 5 5 2 DEP LON MODEL T 55 5 5 3 SETUP WORKSPAGE ciis E a i en dada 59 5 5 4 Input Calibrstion EQUATION 61 5 5 5 ENABLE EXTERNAL CONTROL 62 5 5 6 OFFSET INSTRUIVIENTATION E 63 5 5 7 RECORD DATA
3. 93 1 Overview Western Michigan University s Laboratory of Earthquake and Structural Simulation LESS is located at C 113 in the College of Engineering and Applied Sciences CEAS building in Kalamazoo Michigan It is a state of the art facility for simulating earthquakes and the effects on small scale structures The major equipment in the LESS includes a uniaxial seismic simulator commonly called a shake table two 3 kips hydraulic actuators with the supporting hydraulic power supply and advanced real time controller The shake table has a dimension of 3 ft x 3 ft and can subject a specimen with maximum weight of 500 Ib to an earthquake time history with peak acceleration up to 4g Structural dynamic properties and structural response due to seismic attack can be obtained through such a shake table test Instrumentation available in the lab consists of accelerometers a linear variable displacement transducer LVDT and a wireless sensor network set Through this equipment various seismic experiments can be performed including shake table test effective force test and pseudodynamic test in real time and with substructuring Firstly several common test methods in earthquake engineering are presented Next the LESS equipment is introduced The function of each component is briefly described followed by basic specifications Subsequently open loop testing as well as hybrid testing is explained with specific pic
4. Figure 5 79 13 Open MATLAB start Ul SimCor and click Establish Connection Control Stiffness Evaluation Load from file Run preliminary te Apply Static Loading Start PSD Test Disconnect Modules Figure 5 80 76 14 Click Start Communication the upper left panel of NICON Network PSD Test User Input Time History Note is compatible with SIMCOR S Binary TCPIP Protocol Port number 11997 Start Server Received command flag 0 Total No of steps 0 Start Communication a Current step number 0 Received target displacement 0 MC Status Ready to Read the values Figure 5 81 15 Click the switch in the upper right panel to switch from Manual to Auto The test will now run automatically Control Panel Control Limits ScaleFactors Filter Previous Target Disp 9 Current Command Disp 9 Force Limit status Current Target Disp Current Measured Disp 0 566264 arget Figure 5 82 5 6 4 Geographically Distributed Procedure If you are running Ul SimCor on a computer outside the WMU network and need to communicate with the controller at LESS an extra step is needed before the steps listed in section 5 6 3 The WMU network blocks all incoming connections from outside the network so a VPN is required on the computer which is running Ul SimCor First download and install Java from http www java com Then log onto https vpn wm
5. a Da rmn a g e and Structural Simulation Laboratory of Earthqu Lab Manual Contributors Adam Mueller Bilal Ahamed Mohammed Hezha Lutfalla Sadraddinler Ahmad Sear Rahimi Mohammed Ismail Ahmed Xiaoyun Shao Version 2 3 12 02 2014 Western Michigan University s Laboratory of Earthquake and Structural Simulation LESS is located at C 113 in the College of Engineering and Applied Sciences CEAS building in Kalamazoo Michigan It is a state of the art facility for simulating earthquakes and the effects on small scale structures The major equipment in the LESS includes a uniaxial seismic simulator commonly called a shake table two 3 kips hydraulic actuators with the supporting hydraulic power supply and advanced real time controller Instrumentation available in the lab consists of accelerometers a linear variable displacement transducer LVDT and a wireless sensor network set Through this equipment various seismic experiments can be performed including shake table test effective force test and pseudodynamic test in real time and with substructuring Version 2 3 e Improved Shake table testing procedure added steps to load 10 ground motions with the ground motion information provided Section 4 4 e Added Section 4 5 Shake table motion generation using Seismosignal e Improved Section 5 3 Real time Controller Formatting and Software Installation using NI Measurement and Automation Explo
6. 5 Repeat steps 2 and 3 but this time estimate the offset required set the sensor reading to zero In this example it appears that an offset of about 0 3 will work Channel Scaling for 141 218 148 2 File Channel Path Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXI1Slot2 Analog Input LVDT2 Enter Calibration Information Commit Calibration Values Each channel has a secondary scale and offset that is applied after all other scaling Typically this Scale is 1 and the Offset is 0 Note if this Scale is 0 the channel will only read the value shown in Offset To update the system and save this new calibration press Finish Scale 1 Comme lt Back Figure 5 49 65 6 Take note of the change the sensor reading kspace PseudoDynamicSimulation Channel Scaling for 141 218 148 2 ea ools Screen View Window File ees 5 Channel Path Empty Screen Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXI1Slot2 Analog Input LVDT2 Select a channel to calibrate 500 000 400 000 Scalable Channels Channel Channel Path Volts EU Units Last Cal Due 200 000 EXT2 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Outpu 0 046800 0 000000 V 12 13 2012 EXT1 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Outpu 0 000000 0 000000 V 02 19 2013 0 000 AID Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXISlot2 Analog Input 0 000469 0 001117 V Never Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ P
7. Figure 5 75 8 Click the Control button in the upper right panel Control On Off Analog VO update rate ms 5 Analog VO logging rate ms 500 Figure 5 76 9 Click the User Input tab in the upper left panel and type zero into the Actuator Stroke box Command Source Network PSD Test UserInput Time History Actuator 5troke eee 3 iS go 10 8 b 4 0 2 4 5 8 10 Figure 5 77 75 10 Click Execute Target CMD in the upper right panel Control Vm Scale Factors Fitter E ua veg Displacement Limit Status m Previous Target Disp 0 Manual 2 Auto Current Command Disp 0 Force Limit status m omm Figure 5 78 11 Enable External Control in SC6000 by the same procedure described Section 5 5 Make sure to increase the span gain slowly Once it is at 100 the force reading should be zero in both SC6000 and NICON The displacement reading should also be zero in NICON 12 Go back to the Network PSD Test tab in the upper left panel and click Start Server Current Target Disp 9 Current Measured Disp 0 265785 Network PSD Test User Input Time History Note NICON 15 compatible with SIMCOR S Binary TCPIP Protocol Port number 11997 Start Server Received command flag 9 Total No of steps 0 Start Communication C Current step number 0 i Received target displacement 0 Status Ready to Read the values
8. 7 2 2 Te TNR Em 7 2 3 Effective Force 7 2 4 7 2 5 Real Time Dynamic Hybrid Testing 8 CRI s mmc 9 Nake 9 3 1 1 PRTUR 9 3 1 2 AdE 9 3 1 3 ACY ____ _ _ _ __ _ _ ___6_ _ _ _6_6_ 9 3 2 mh Gl Fre 10 3 2 1 Hydraulic POWEF SUD DIY 10 3 2 2 Hydraulic 10 3 2 3 Hydraulic Linear ACUTO S iata LAS 11 3 2 4 11 3 2 5 ACUTO __ _ _ _ __ d 12 3 2 6 COMMIS I _6_4_______ 18 3 3 Nl Controller and Data Acquisition eus S Sed RV tea dex 19 3 4 19 3 4 1 104 16 19 3 4 2 __6_ ________ _ 21 3 4 3 WINS CITT CCRT Frame 21 3 5 NS RTT OE EO OO DO OO mem 21 3 5 1 Structure ETT RETE 21 3 5 2 T Tm 22 OBBILEOOD _______ _______ 25 4 1 Hydraulic Equipment Startup nne ns 25 4 2 Hydraulic sh t down
9. 80 Hz Imax 0 24 55KM Ind Cont Ea IN 11 R Made in 2 m gt 8 N a 4 1 000 9229 C POWER SUPPLY Figure 6 1 2 Then connect the sLVDT to the NI data acquisition box the SCT 68 68 Pin Shielded Connector Block The third and fourth wire of sLVDT1 counted from the red strip wire and the yellow blue of the sLVDT 2 and 3 are connected to the analog input of the NI SCB 68 as shown in Figure 6 2 The fifth wire of sLVDT1 was not used for the installation purposes and therefore it was cut short Table 6 1 listed channel number and wire information of the three sLVDTs Table 6 1 sLVDT with Associated Channels and Signal Devise Pin Signal sLVDT cables notes Actual LVDT When Linked to When Linked to the Device John s Cable i e our Cable i e Represent AI sLVDT 2 amp mum sLVDT Tom Oringe ___ Red Pee Second One Next to AI GND Black Brown Red St Negative sLVDTI as sLVDT2 9 from Red Str Ground _ am Chamet AI GND 4th White Blue from Red Str Channel _ ne sLVDT3 31 AI 10 4th White Blue from Red Str Channel 79 3 Blue wire in sLVDT2 Blue wire in sLVDT3 Green wire in SLVDT3 4th Wire in sLVDTI Counting From red stripe 3rd Wire in sLVDTI Counting From red stripe Green w
10. Figure 5 72 5 Open the NICON PXI LabVIEW project expand the real time controller and open the NICON ver2 1 LabVIEW VI Items Files B bj Project NICON PXLIvproj E Ay Computer UB Dependencies Build Specifications e fly NI PXISI08 2F119B78 141 218 148 2 8 E D ependencies ba 4 Build Specifications Figure 5 73 6 Click the run button in the upper left corner of the screen File Edit View Project Figure 5 74 74 7 f you see Conflict Resolution box click OK This will remove all real time Vis that are necessary to use VeriStand If you wish to use VeriStand after using NICON you will need to reinstall the software see Section 5 3 13 Conflict Resolution Conflicts Conflict Resolution El NICON_PAL pray eu NI o Unable to resolve from current dialog Unable to resolve from current dialog E Get Item ES Unable to resolve from current dialoq mp RT Engine v6 vi Unable to resolve from current dialog Unable to resolve from current dialog Get Timed Loop Priority vi Unable to resolve from current dialog Get All Item Property Names vi Unable to resolve from current dialog Get Item Children vi Unable to resolve from current dialog Unable to resolve from current dialog Unable to resolve from current dialog n Conflict message This VI is part of a Real Time Startup Application All Vis on the target will be closed if you choose to apply and continue with deployment
11. Table 3 3 Actuator Specifications Figure 3 4 Actuators 3 2 4 Hydraulic System Maintenance e Always warm up the HPS before performing a dynamic type test The controller also needs to warm up for calibration for about 2 hours running e For safety put the green cable ground cable under the LVDT connection or servo valve or ground base plate 11 e When actuators are not being used or are being stored for a relatively long time fully retract the stroke to avoid dust If dust is visible on the actuators wipe it off e Clean oil clean oil and clean Never open to atmosphere and always put the caps on e Loose cable of the instrument for possible movement of the actuators e Straighten hoses while running HPS Never step on hoses Do not put hoses across sharp edge Check hose once a month for rubber break e Retract stroke of both actuators after each operation This will prevent dust resting on the stroke and contamination of the oil e Nooilonthe floor e Never plug unplug cables when HPS is running e Always make a copy of the folder C Programs ShoreWesternMfg swcs Play with software setting using copies instead of original one e Change filters every 6 months 1000 hours of use First time change shall be around a couple hundred hours of running HPS e Regularly check hoses and connections for leakage If a leakage is detected 1 Tighten the fittings 2 Change fittings GIC standard off the sh
12. Figure 6 5 81 2 Thelabel on the connector block indicates the accelerometer number of each set of wires From here each voltage wire must be connected to a voltage source 5 V Each ground wire must be connected to an analog input ground Al GND Each axis wire must be connected to an analog input Al Use the chart on the back of the block to determine corresponding pin numbers Make note of the Al number channel used for each axis Figure 6 6 6 3 Adding Instrumentation in System Explorer 1 Inthe System Explorer in VeriStand add a new DAQ device see step 3 of section 5 4 Make sure that the device type is MIO and the input configuration type is referenced single ended RSE Type in the name PXI1Slot8 This name must the same as it is in MAX Click OK RI Create DAQ Device e Sree Type Name MIO gt 9 Input Configuration RSE Internal channels 0K Figure 6 7 82 2 make them easier to identify you can change the names of the channels that you will be using Channel Specification Name Unit Description hannel Values Initial value _ High level V Low level 1000 1000 4 Channel Settings Channel number Type Voltage Physical address PXE Slot8 A9 Figure 6 8 6 4 LVDT Calibration 6 4 1 Operation in the Measurement amp Automation Explorer MAX 1 After addin
13. 0 042263 0 003709 0 573877 0 019618 2 091617 0 002089 0 000000 0 000000 0 787706 10 026073 10 028670 0 499781 0 064060 0 360525 0 424472 Last Cal Due Never Never Never 05 16 2012 Never 12 21 2012 05 10 2012 12 13 2012 Never Never Never Never 11 19 2000 ___ Never Never Never Never Never Rl ms ome m 3 Click Next until this screen appears Type the sensitivity that Excel calculated into the box for a1 The offset a0 is not as important because an arbitrary zero displacement point will likely be chosen when using the LVDT Therefore the offset can be handled on a case by case basis Click Next then Finish Sn a Channel Scaling r File or 141 218 148 2 he A N ma Channel Path eee Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXI1Slot8 Analog Input LVDT Enter Calibration Information Polynomial Calibration Details The general form for polynomial scaling is 0 1 2 2 The simplest form of this is linear scaling y mx b where m al and b a0 These represent the scale a1 and offset ao respectively You can create scaling coefficients a0 al a2 etc by either typing them below For source channels such as Analog Inputs you can also calculate the polynomial coefficients from known reference values by clicking the Build Table button Polynomial Coefficients a3 Build Table
14. Check model before generating code Check model Generate code only 5 5 2 DEPLOY MODEL Figure 5 23 Apply 1 After the model is built open VeriStand and select the system definition file you wish to use or create a new one see Section 5 4 Click System Explorer System definition file Pseud igSimulation05 30 2012 in4 Q Details Figure 5 24 2 Click on Simulation Models on the left expandable pane and click Add a Simulation Model NOTE Before adding a new model delete already deployed model by selecting the model and clicking on delete 55 oF n n R a m i E po re seudo 1 nicSi 5 2 T Fu LE e arr Pee tore File Tools E PseudoDynamicSimulation05 30 2012 a Controller pem Hardware Cr Simulation nad me Help Simulation Moc Simulation Models contains yo md1l files you created using Th models g User Channels ma Calculated Channels E 5 Mappings E e Stimulus LA Alarms Procedures AS Aliases 7 Note Adding more has dependencies can occur You can build models using sever application software Esterel SCA software Figure 5 25 3 Click the open folder icon Find the folder that your Simulink model is in and select the dll file Simu
15. gt BH Devices and Interfaces Select the system format gt 44 Scales gt d Software Relance recommended gt m VI Drivers Rernote Systems gt KB MI PXIB108 2E110p79 P FAT tomat De View Error Log File Transfer Change IP Offline z Create Report Figure 5 5 3 When the format is done and the RTC start to reboot click delete on the RTC keyboard to switch back to Labview RT start mode Make sure the controller is NOT in safe mode anymore The RTC shall show an image as below 47 4 In the MAX press F5 to refresh The RTC will reappear under Remote Systems The IP address will be incorrect Under IP Settings click Use the following IP address Type in the following numbers for the IP address subnet mask gateway and DNS server Then click Apply in the menu above D Reboot 9 Lock Refresh Apply Identification Model PX 8108 Serial Number 2F113B78 MAC Address 00 00 2 11 96 79 NI P18108 2F 119678 System State Inconsistent IP Settings Comment Password protect Resets IP Settings IP Settings Obtain an IP address automatically O bise Use the following IF address the following IP address Suggest values To Default IP Address 163 254 106 152 Suggest Values To Default Subnet Mask 255 255 0 0 IP Address 141 218 148 2 LUE Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 DMS Server
16. v 5 Execution c ECI I Model Command LVDT2 Inports Y Analog Output 5 09 Experimental Specimen Measurem y Aol li SC6000 Input p VA rrn Ton i f Connect Destination men Figure 5 28 6 Tosend commands to the actuators connect External Output under the appropriate simulation model to EXT under Analog Output Remember 1 corresponds to the table actuator and 2 corresponds to the structure actuator Source i Simulation Models m ia Models B Comp_M2DOF_WMU_ClearVersion 3 Execution 23 Inports a Outports Experimental Specimen Commanc 209 External Command External Output 1 I External Output 2 NL Comp M2DOF ClearVersion 3 Execution Inports Outports Experimental Specimen Commanc 209 External Command I External Output I External Output 2 E NL Comp M2DOF ClearVersion 1 3 Execution 23 Inports Outports Experimental Specimen Commanc External Command vr a x eDisconnect Destination ta Controller 5 s Hardware Sp Chassis zug DAQ 8 y PXILSIot2 Y Analog Output Y AOL YE zii Simulation Models id Models Comp M2DOF WMU ClearVersion 109 Execution Model Command Inports 209 Experimental Specimen Measurem SC6000 Input Structure Load Cell Structure LVDT E NL Comp M2DOF ClearVersion 5109 Execution Model C
17. 0 014067 0 011152 0 014067 0 043601 0 021570 0 029022 0 016011 0 038417 0 016386 0 040685 0 003751 0 003751 0 019899 0 002779 0 002131 c 5 lt lt lt lt lt lt lt lt lt lt lt lt Last Cal Due E 11 17 2014 Never 03 27 2013 Never Never 05 16 2012 11 17 2014 11 17 2014 05 10 2012 11 17 2014 12 02 2013 Never cre View History Figure 5 40 61 3 Click NEXT till the screen below appears File Channel Path Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXI1Slot2 Analog Input LC2 Enter Calibration Information Polynomial Calibration Details The general form for polynomial scaling is 0 1 2 2 The simplest form of this is linear scaling yz mx b where m al and b a0 These represent the scale 21 and offset ao respectively You can create scaling coefficients a0 al a2 etc by either typing them below For source channels such as Analog Inputs you can also calculate the polynomial coefficients from known reference values by clicking the Build Table button Polynomial Coefficients ao al y 0 000 Build Table Figure 5 41 STRUCTURE ACTUATOR Enter the calibration values from the list of calibration equations where ao is the intercept and is the slope EXT2 0 0031 2 3773 Repeat this calibration for all the requi
18. 3 4 2 LVDT Table 3 7 LVDT Specifications Input Voltage t15VDC Frequency Response 200 Hz Power Supply Converter 115 V AC or 230 AC Figure 3 28 LVDT 3 4 3 Instrumentation Frame The instrumentation frame is a 4 3 tall braced frame with three slots corresponding to story heights of the structure specimen This allows for adjustment of instrumentation height Figure 3 29 Instrumentation Frame 3 5 Specimens 3 5 1 Structure Specimen The structure specimen is an idealized lumped mass three degree of freedom DOF structure Each story contains a mass which is supported by four columns The columns are removable and replaceable allowing for the separation of substructures while using the same materials of the full three story structure 21 test The test specimen is very lightly damped about 0 5 damping ratio Therefore an external damper is available that can be added to the top story to increase the structural damping to a realistic damping level of general civil structural systems Table 3 8 Structure Specimen Specifications Figure 3 30 Structure Specimen 3 5 2 Substructure Specimen The substructure specimen is a cantilever column with an idealized plastic hinge connection at its base The plastic hinge emulates nonlinear behavior and can be easily replaced after yielding without permanent damage to the specimen The HSS 3 x 1 5 x 1 8 column is three feet long and is welded all ar
19. Figure 6 18 TE Finish 88 6 5 Accelerometer Calibration 6 5 1 SETUP WORKSPACE 1 This procedure assumes that only accelerometer 1 needs to be calibrated The procedure for the other two is exactly the same Follow the same steps as the LVDT calibration but in step 4 select the accelerometer channels 1x 1y 1z Steps 7 and 8 need to be repeated a total of three times one for each channel There should be one numeric indicator for each channel as shown below Figure 6 19 6 5 2 CALIBRATE ACCELEROMETER 1 To calibrate the x axis first expose it to 1g by placing the x axis vertical to the ground with the arrow pointing down Then expose it to 1g by doing the same thing with the arrow pointing up Record the voltage from the numeric indicator both times To get the x axis exactly vertical it helps to align it to a vertical object such as a desktop tower 15 1 Figure 6 20 Follow the same procedure for the y axis and z axis 89 3 Solve for the sensitivity and offset This can be done the same way as the LVDT in Excel but since there are only two points 1g and 1g a quick hand calculation may be easier 6 5 3 APPLY CALIBRATION 1 Follow the same steps as the LVDT calibration but select the accelerometer channels Unlike the LVDT for accelerometers the offset a0 is necessary and must be entered 7 Contact Information Dr Xiaoyun Shao Office G 239 CEAS Parkview Campus Phone 269
20. Sine Wave Sub ayer orm Arbitrary Wave Square Wave Sine Sweep white Moise Figure 3 12 9 Use an amplitude of 0 25 inches a duty cycle of 50 a frequency of 0 2 Hz and a large number of cycles Click OK Waveform Segment Mame Square Wave Duration Seconds Amplitude 025 Duty Cycle 50 Frequency 2 Humber Cycles 1000 Start High Start Low Figure 3 13 10 Click the blue triangle in the Servo Amplifier 1 box in the lower right panel _ me ae B EH E E 1 Figure 3 14 14 11 Click Monitor A next to the Internal Command box Also click the Proportional and the Rate gain The sliders shown below will appear There is no need to adjust the Integrator gain so do not click on it ACCHEMREN M ZOLI Cae Ext i nia quakbor Internal omni and O OOO tn k Bl Source 6 i MBA Feedback Rate Source Feedback Figure 3 15 Figure 3 17 12 Click Select Channels in the upper right panel of the screen and click OK on the dialogue box that appears The channel colors should change Make sure only the boxes next to MON A and TABLE POSITION are checked 15 DAQ Channel Selection DAQ Groups Available Channels gt Selected Channels 13 AUe DAS 1 MON 14 AUe DAS 2 MON 15 ALIS DAS 3 TABLE POSITION CH 15 ALI DAS 4 TABLE FORCE STRUCTURE POSITION STRUCTURE F
21. for all 22 ground motions B1 txt File Edit View Tools Help Baseline Correction and Filtering Time Series Fourier and Power Spectra Elastic Inelastic Response Spectra Ground Motion Parameters Acceleration 0 4 Time sec Acceleration g 03 E 0 00000 0 00041 F 292 01 0 00100 0 00049 mg 2 0 00200 0 00057 go 0 00300 0 00065 02 0 3 000073 0 2 3 4 5 B 7 8 g 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 0 00500 0 00081 Time sec Velocity 40 F Time sec Velocity cm sec _ OF E 20 0 00000 0 00000 E 8 10 i 0 00100 0 00044 0 a 10 i 0 00200 0 00095 2 20 E gt 30 4 c 0 00300 0 00155 40 l nian nain 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 0 00500 0 00298 Time sec Displacement Time sec Displacement cm T o 0 00000 0 00000 i 0 00100 0 00000 0 00200 0 00000 0 00300 0 00000 zx nci 0 1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 W 42 43 14 145 46 4 18 19 20 2 2 95 27 0 00500 0 00001 Y Time sec Acceleration Time history Acceleration g Velocity cm sec Displacement cm Figure 4 37 aM SeismoSignal FAMaster documents documents 22 ground motions 10 ground motion Time Accelaration g 1 for all 22 ground motions B1 txt pee File Edit View Tools Help ic esl 2 60 Ser
22. 0 0 0 0 een Ee nz Gateway 141 218 148 1 Halt system if fails IO DNS Server 141 218 140 Advanced Ethernet Settings Figure 5 6 5 MAX will ask to reboot the real time controller click yes and the RTC will be reboot and the screen shown below Measurement amp Automation Explorer 6 Inthe left pane of MAX expand the Remote System right click Software and select Add Remove Software Figure 5 7 E e My System 5 Data Neighborhood ap Devices and Interfaces 444 Scales amp Software ij M Drivers amp Remote Systems ap NI PXIB108 2F119B78 gll Data Neighborhood 89 Devices and Interfaces 44 Scales 6 Software gt Add Remove Software Figure 5 8 48 In the popped up window LabVIEW Real Time Software Wizard left click NI VeriStand RT Engine 2 0 select all for install You will notice several programs associated with it will be highlighted and installed Then click Next Continue clicking Next until the software begins installing When software has finished installing in the MAX press F5 to refresh Language Support for LabVIEW RT 1 0 0 3 Modbus 1 0 Server 1 6 0 ul NI Veristand RT Engine 2 0 Install the feature LI Multifunction DAQ E M S and X Series TIO SERIES Counter Timer DIGITAL I O NATIONAL p gt INSTRUMENTS Provides the support files needed to run NI VeriStand C
23. 1 gt Figure 4 25 35 5 Select Arbitrary Wave to open the arbitrary wave load window Click Load to open the folder that contains the earthquake data files If not choose the folder through explorer as indicated in the beginning of this section SC6000 CONTROL SYSTEM File View Help HB b den neo 3 waveform Card 1 TABLE ACTUATOR 1 g Hold Ramp Sine Wave Square Weve Sine Sweep white Moise Scale Offset Arbitrary Wave Figure 4 26 ELI Po _ 6 Select the earthquake c1 txt as shown below as example and click open the earthquake will be loaded as shown in the Arbitrary Wave window Click OK Look in C9 EQ data at txt 4 My Recent b1 txt Documents di txt d2 txt 1 e2 txt ElCentroi0sec txt Desktop My Documents 558 My Computer amp File name txt D My Network Files of type Tab Deliminated Files t t Arbitrary W awe Name Subwavefem si Scale 1 C Figure 4 27 Line Humber 1 2 3 4 5 Y a 1 1 1 Time O 0000000000 0 007 0000000 o 0020000000 O 0030000000 0 0040000000 O 0050000000 o 0060000000 o 0070000000 o 0080000000 o 0090000000 0 07 00000000 0 0770000000 0 07 20000000 0 07 30000000 0 01 40000000 0 07 50000000 0
24. 276 3202 Fax 269 276 3211 Email xiaoyun shao wmich edu Website http homepages wmich edu dpb8848 90 8 Appendix 1 Data Acquisition Channels of SCB 68 SCB 68 Quick Reference Label E SERIES DEVICES FACTORY DEFAULT SETTING 55 54 53 JEBI HAT Hi TEMP SENSOR DISABLED POWER SENSOR ENABLED ON SINGLE ENDED CH Wl 55 54 53 E E ET E E L E E 10 GENERIC TERMINALS TEMPE SENSOR ACCESSORY POWER OFF Figure 8 1 Image of the Channel Lables of the NI SCB 68 SCB 68 Pin Shielded Connector Block E Series 91 81 PXI1Slot2 TABLE ACTUATOR ______ STRUCTURE ACTUATOR Devise Devise Signal LC 1 LC 2 Al GND LVDT1 LVDT2 ae Al GND EXT 1 EXT 2 ae AO GND Devise Monitor B Monitor A Device Pin Signal sLVDT1 57 all 24 Al GND sLVDT2 d 245 32 Al GND sLVDT3 au 64 Al GND sLVDT 2 and 3 Cable Designation Actual LYDT Linked to When Linked to the our Cable i e Device John s Cable i e sLVDT 1 Cable sLVDT 2 amp 3 Ist Cable Red Red Stripe 2nd Cable Second One Next to Red St 4th Cable Fourth One Counting from Red Str 5th Cable Not Used 3rd Cable Third One Counting from Red Str 92 9 Appendix II Calibration Equations of all the instruments The following calibration equations were prepared by Adam Mueller in June 2014 T
25. 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 02 0 05000 0 00000 Time sec Velocity sec Velocity in sec T 0 00000 0 00000 E 8 ic 0 01000 0 00294 gt o 0 02000 0 00448 gt 0 03000 0 00556 TEES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 39 10 44 12 13 14 15 46 417 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 0 05000 0 00772 Time sec Displacement Time sec Displacement in E 0 00000 0 00000 E t 0 01000 0 00002 5 o 0 02000 0 00005 G a 0 03000 0 00010 1234567 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 0 05000 0 00024 Time sec Acceleration g Velocity in sec Displacement in Figure 4 35 4 Copy acceleration velocity or displacement time history values then paste it in the Microsoft Excel or any notepad as shown in the following figure B SeismoSignal C Program Files x86 SeismoSoft SeismoSignal accelerograms Nothridgedat Ex File Edit View Tools BARAA t Baseline Correction and Filtering Time Series Fourier and Power Spectra Elastic Inelastic Response Spectra Ground Motion Parameters Acceleration Time sec 04 3 a 0 3 H l b G ob bat d dh 4 b 4 4 b 4 b 4 4 4 4 f 4 0 000 0 00096 A 02 1
26. Control Panel Y Channel Graph Panels Scope Fourier Spectrum Material Test Panels Calibration Card Block Diaarams Number Points To Plot 4000 Decimation Factor 100 Figure 4 13 4 3 2 SETUP DATA LOGGING AND RUN TEST 1 Click Setup DAS and choose a name for your data file Run On Startup Changes will not be applied until the DAS group is Hardware restarted Group ID 1 a Help Sample Rate 5000 000 Samples Second Data Logging Header Data Down Sample Enable Logging Synch To Waveform Decimation Factor 5 Logging Rate _ Description Sample 1000 000 Samples Second Decimation Factor 49 Network Stream Logging rate 100000 Samples Second Package Size 100 Rate The file name will be a given by the Name entered in the header data followed by the subsystem id followed by the group ID followed by time stamp The file will be located in 5 65000_ on the computer s with the DAG Stream rate 1000 000 Samples Second hardware Decimation Factor 1 Figure 4 14 2 Click Start DAS and Enable Logging 30 JUL Figure 4 15 3 Click Run in the upper left panel File View Help 7 Waveform Figure 4 16 4 3 3 PLOT DATA 1 After the testis complete open MATLAB and click the Import Data button under the Workspace panel The txt data file will be in the SC6000 DATA folder on the Desktop E 1 rid Stack Base Name Valu
27. History e s a T RET a a S Re eT T V e a Tore a NE Fr DR STET PAS EDDA Figure 5 50 Hide Legend Hold Autoscale X Hold Setup Hide Legend Autoscale X Off _ Once Autoscale Off ii Once 7 more accurate offset is desired click Setup on the graph click the Format amp Precision tab and then adjust the y axis scale Graph Channel Selection General Format amp Precision X Scale Format Precision Relative Time 0 Label Use Default Label Label Visible Autoscale Delete Y Scale Format Precision gt Hbk Label Use Default Label Label Visible Auto Minimum 0 1 Maximum 0 1 Figure 5 51 66 8 This will give you a closer look at the graph and enable you to refine your offset Graph a I m m ua w 9 a Figure 5 52 5 5 7 RECORD DATA 1 Torecord data click this icon in VeriStand Figure 5 53 2 Enter a folder name and sample number Header Calibration Files Profile Logging NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS Data Station Name Group Folder Not Specified Sample Next Sample Sample Number Not Specified Figure 5 54 3 Click the Logging tab enter a name for your test se
28. Target Specification Mame wontroller Processor Assignments Primary Control Loop mode Processor Data Processing Loop mode Processor Automatic 2 Automatic 2 Target Decimations Data Processing Loop DAQ digital lines 18 e Other Settings Maximum streamed channels 512 E Parallel Filter DAQ Errors Filter Watchdog Errors Timing Source Settings Primary Control Loop timing source Automatic Timing E Primary Control Loop rate use Figure 5 31 58 9 Click Tools Deploy System Definition to RT Target Deplov Definition to RT Target Ctri D Upload System De Options Figure 5 32 10 Make sure the Delete current system definition box is checked and click OK Wait for the deployment to finish and then close out of the System Explorer i Deploy to RT Target IP address 141 218 148 2 current system definition and restart he RT system before deploying mcm Cancel Figure 5 33 5 5 3 SETUP WORKSPACE 1 Click Run Workspace on the main VeriStand window Target IP address 141 218 147 2 2 Click Screen Edit Mode Manage Items Refresh Screen Ctrl R Add Screen Screen Properties Figure 5 35 3 Click Workspace Controls on the left side of the screen click Model and then drag Model Control to the workspace There will already be several graphs in the wo
29. Therefore more research is necessary to implement this advanced versatile testing method in real research projects 3 Equipment 3 1 Uniaxial Shake Table 3 1 1 Base Frame The dimensions of the base frame ft x 3 ft x 4in Its weight is 1400 Ib The base frame exists solely for the purpose of supporting the shake table and reaction frame Figure 3 1 Base Frame and Sliding Table 3 1 2 Sliding Table The uniaxial shake table is designed to impose base ground motion to a test specimen It does this by moving along two 36 in steel guide rails It can be utilized alone in a shake table test or shake table substructure test or it can be combined with the actuator reaction frame to conduct a real time dynamic hybrid test When only the actuator reaction frame is used in a hybrid test the shake table can be used as a strong floor to hold the test specimen with the 2 in 5 08 cm space bolt hole pattern for easy and flexible installation Table 3 1 Sliding Table Specifications Displacement 3 3 1 3 Capacity Table 3 2 Capacities of Materials used in Shake Table Material oo Tensile Yield Strength ksi Ultimate Tensile Strength ksi Aluminum 6061 T6 Sliding Table 37 42 e End Support Blocks e Pillow Blocks ASTM A500 Grade B Steel e Base Frame 45 7 58 e Reaction Frame A36 Steel 363 58 e Base Plates 3 2 Hydraulic System 3 2 1 Hydraulic Power Supply The hydraulic power supply HPS used in the
30. Values 10 The Reassign Device Names window will pop up In the DAQmx Configuration File select Remote Type in the IP address 141 218 148 2 and click OK 50 DAOQmx Configuration File IP Address or Target Name Configuration File IP Address or Target Name ioca 48 of PXI m Slot n for PXI devices era Tea mane 1 This will assign DAQmx device names to default values PXI m Slat n for PXI devices DAQmx Configuration File Remote This will assign device names to default values PXI m Slot n for PXI devices ChassisID Mod n for SCXI devices SCCBlockID Mod n for SCC devices m Mod n for devices Dev m for all other device types hostname for network devices Any existing channels will not be retargeted to the new device name Do you want to continue Figure 5 13 11 Device names should now read as follows d NI PXISIO08 2F119B78 Measur File Edit View Tools 4 e My System gt mg Data Neighborhood gt Bm Devices and Interfaces p 44 Scales gt Software gt ul IVI Drivers a E Remote Systems lg Data Neighborhood Bn Devices and Interfaces 4 lo PXI 1050 Chassis 1 2 NI PXI 6229 PXILSIot2 8 NI PXI 6221 PXI 51018 a Network Devices PXI PXI System MI PXI 8108 E Chassis 1 1050 gt y Serial 4d Scales gt Software Figure 5 14 51 5 4 Creating Sys
31. Ye dudes rrr Y xi Rar uni Clear Data f Data Spacing 20 10 10 Apply 1 SS Waveform Card 1 TABLE ACTUATOR 1 Subwaveform 0 1 2 5 m Figure 4 29 8 In order to log and or plot data follow the same steps in section 4 2 Cyclic Testing 37 4 5 Shake table motion generation using SeismoSignal SeismoSignal is one of the Seismosoft s software which processes strong motion data It is a simple yet efficient software that performs the derivation of elastic and constant ductility inelastic response spectra calculation of Fourier amplitude spectra filtering and scaling high and low frequency records and expecting other seismological parameters such as the Arian intensity and significant and effective duration SeismoSignal can be downloaded easily from www seismosoft com and it is free for academic purposes Researchers can obtain academic license within two days after installing software and requesting academic license The following steps illustrates how to generate a earthquake time history to be used in the LESS Please note that the LESS shake table has a peak of 3 inch displacement 1 Open SeismoSignal then open file to select a time history that needs to be modified as shown in the figure H SeismoSignal 5 52 File Edit View Tools Help Aud M 29 C Open time history file Figure 4 30 2 After choosing
32. can be difficult for a small scale specimen to accurately represent a complex full size structural system In addition to scaling shake table requires an advanced control system that can reduce actuator lag and compensate for the reaction forces between the structural specimen and the table which is usually expensive and requires further research to improve 2 3 Effective Force Testing During EFT the base of a structure is fixed to a strong floor Dynamic force is applied to the structure representing the real inertia force the structure will experience during an earthquake This dynamic force is the product of the acceleration of the selected ground motion and the structural mass and is usually applied utilizing an actuator reaction loading system This method removes the dependency on a shake table and allows a full scale structure to be tested However the reliability of EFT is highly dependent on the accuracy of the force control in the actuators Since force measurements are usually sensitive to the noise actuator force control remains to be a challenge which needs to be conquered to further advance EFT 2 4 Pseudodynamic Testing PSD test is a hybrid test in essence since it uses numerical simulation during the physical experiment to study the structural dynamic behavior subject to seismic attack The test structure is usually loaded quasi statically with the simulated displacement response obtained from a computer model while the correspon
33. needs to be increased 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 56000 58000 50000 62000 64000 Figure 3 22 If the plot looks like this the proportional gain is too high and needs to be decreased 17 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 88000 90000 92000 94000 96000 The following plot depicts well tuned actuator 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 j DL 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 26000 28000 30000 32000 34000 Figure 3 24 3 2 6 Command Calibration The command calibration equations of both actuators may need to be updated periodically If the LVDT readings are not matching with the displacement commands performing command calibration will correct this The command calibration procedure can be found in the SC6000 Software Operating Guide on pages 5 84 18 3 3 NI Controller and Data Acquisition The real time controller consists of a real time processor and the general purpose data acquisition DAQ cards Both processor and DAQ cards are contained within a single chassis enabling real time data transfer between these two components without any delay The real time controller adopted herein is a National Instruments NI PXI system that has two DAQ cards possessing a total of 48 analog input channels 6 analog output channels and 72 digital input output channels These channels receive the signals from the instrumentations that are attached to the test specimen an
34. not the emergency stop button Figure 4 5 6 In the lower left panel of the control screen click the AUTOBALANCE button then click the button labeled LOW under PUMP CONTROL This will turn on the pump 10 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 1 Select Control Add To Gallery Scroll Bars POSITION F TABLE SEIPOINT Figure 4 6 7 Check hoses and fixtures for leaks 8 Toturnon the actuator click the button labeled DISABLED for the appropriate actuator this switches it to ENABLED 27 ONTROL 1 1 TABLE SETPOINT TAP gt 1 in 1 079 2 0 2 IRE CONTROL Box 1 1 STRUCTURE SETPOINT 0 131 in 2 0 2 Figure 4 7 9 Toturn on high pressure click the button labeled HIGH ____ 10 20 40 60 80 10 Add Gallery Sci JP RESET mE m m EE ra 1 Pi a Figure 4 8 10 control the actuator you can either use the slider the lower left panel enter the distance into the box next to the slider or create a waveform in the upper left panel 4 2 Hydraulic shut down procedure When the test is done fully retract actuator when there s no specimen attached limiting actuator being fully retracted This is beneficial to actuator when its stroke is not exposed to dust when not being utilized To shut down the hydraulic one may basically follow the inverse steps as done for the startup procedu
35. time history the following window will appear and perform the following changes to the appeared window a Enter last line number of the time column in the last line cell as highlighted in the following figure 38 Input File Parameters _ First Line 5 Single Acceleration value per line Last Line 52780 mer EPEE time column as Shawn 01 Acceleration colli the circle j n Time Column Set As Default Time Step dt 0 Acceleration Units g Velocity Units cm sec Displacement Units cm oo Figure 4 31 b Enter time step value in the Time Step dt cell Time step value must same time history time step value otherwise software gives unexpected displacement value as shown in the following figure Input File Parameters First Line Single Acceleration value per line C Time amp Acceleration values per line Multiple Acceleration values per line Last Line Time Step dt tion Cumas time ste used ir Scaling Factor time history Time Column Set As Default Acceleration Units g Velocity Units cm sec Displacement Units cm Acceleration File The Chi Chi Taiwan earthquake of September 20 1999 Source PEER Strong Motion database Recording station TCUO45 Frequency range 0 02 50 0 Hz 0 030 0 000 0 040 0 000 0 050 0 900 Figure 4 32 Change scale factor to reduce the intensity of the time history in order to obta
36. 07 60000000 0 01 0 07 80000000 0 01 90000000 o 0200000000 0 021 0000000 0 022 0000000 0230000000 0 0240000000 0 0250000000 Salue 0 0000000000 0 0000000000 0 0000000000 0 0000000000 0 0000000000 0 0000000000 0 0000000000 0 0000000000 0 0000000000 0 0000000000 0 0000000000 0 0000000000 0 0000000000 0 0000000000 0 0000000000 0 0000000000 0 0000000000 0 0000000000 0 0000000000 0 0000000000 0 0000000000 0 0000000000 0 0000000000 0 0000000000 0 0000000000 0 0000000000 E emm 36 7 Show scope the selected earthquake input history Select X Vs Y plot Customize the x axis as time and y axis as the displacement history of the earthquake The earthquake input history is now shown in the scope rro ae Available Panels Empty Panel EVENT LOG New Control Panel Options 88 Select Channels Start Stop AUTO SCALE Channel Selection DAO Group A Channel Graph Panels Scope Y Channel Number Points Plot 1000 Fourier Spectrum Material Test Panels Calibration Card Block Diaarams Decimation Factor 100 Figure 4 28 amp SC6000 CONTROL SYSTEM 2223 File View Help LE 444 4 gm Subsystem READ WRITE DEFAULT J Manage Save Command Socket Data Socket Options jm _ PAUSE ee m PAUSEDI srOPPED CLEAR C Space Plots
37. 1 4 4 S E D E 0 21 0 0 00056 c om 0 00024 A a E 0 9000 0 00032 02 E E E pes et es TUN po Mose 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 0 05000 0 00000 X Time sec velocity Time sec Velocity in sec T 10 00000 0 00000 E 0 01000 0 00294 o 0 02000 0 00448 gt 0 03000 0 00556 03000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 46 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 0 05000 0 00772 Time sec Displacement Time sec Displacement in Omm L3 EX 0 00002 5 3 4 0 00005 2 21 0 00010 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Time sec Acceleration Time history Acceleration g Velocity in sec Displacement in Figure 4 36 41 Hint some displacement time histories value will not return to zero SeismoSignal solve this problem by making base line correction To return displacement value to zero click on Baseline Correction and Filtering and select Apply Baseline Correction then click Refresh icon to show new displacement time history as shown in the following two figures SeismoSignal F Master documents Thesis documents 22 ground motions 10 ground motion Time Accelaration g 1
38. 1050 Chassis 1 PXI 8150B Series 4 Remote Systems PXI 1042Q 2 NI PXI 6229 51012 PXI 8170 a NI PXIS108 2F119B78 pA 8 NI PXI 6221 1018 zm TEE gt 8 Data Neighborhood 1 emna gt ks e 4 a Devices and Interfaces Ux D Qum ther 4 5 PXI 1050 Chassis 1 gt 4 Scales Delete All Identifications 2 NI PXI 6229 PXIISlot2 ralem 8 NI PXI 6221 PXILSIot8 ud Network Devices Show PXI Bus Details Unidentified PX PXI I PXI 8108 T D F a J gt a gt 444 Scales gt 61 Software Renumber Open VISA Test Panel National Instruments NI PXI 8108 Figure 5 11 155 28 File Edit all legacy driver support Test Panel bed Save pf fever National Instruments Product Updates 4 e My System gt 8 Data Ne NI Registration Wizard gt Devices Real Time Disk Utilities 4 1 gt 44 Scales gt Bl Softwar FieldPoint z gt M Drivi NI 488 2 4 Remote C EDAOm Conf 4 pop NI P 5 B i i a Vp NI Serial Soft Front Panels b NI CAN NI DNET NI VISA pF User Preferences Bus 1 PXI Slots 1 2345 6 7 8 gt 61 Software Figure 5 12 Chassis Number 9 Under Tools select NI DAQmx Configuration and select Reassign Device Names to Default
39. ABLE ACTUATOR EXT1 V Needs recalibration LVDT1 in 0 0038 0 3946 LC1 Ib 0 02 313 32X Note Table and Structure actuators s EXTERNAL LVDTs in EXT_LVDT1 2 0298X EXT LVDT2 TBD EXT LVDT3 TBD ACCELEROMETER 2 g 2x 4 694 1 972 2y 4 689 1 978 22 4 609 1 994 STRUCTURE ACTUATOR EXT2 V 0 003142 3773X LVDT2 in 0 0063 0 4076 LC2 Ib 2 80432 5 13X ACCELEROMETER 1 g 1x 4 73941 992X 1 4 706 1 970X 1z 4 697 1 982 ACCELEROMETER 3 g 3x 4 661 1 969 3y 4 727 1 976 37 4 761 1 990X 93
40. ALL H DLT352 Imperial E2 6 5 0 39 0 14 9 21 5 07 Valley 1 Right click Waveform in the upper left panel of the screen Click Change selected cards and then click Card pere per em DUC CC LEE 2 3 2 2 2 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 57 0 68 0 65 0 33 0 56 0 33 54 e 506000 CONTROL SYSTEM SC6000 CONTROL SYSTEM File View Help File wiew Help T M El 37 m E zoom L ran _ EHE 10 ia Wiaverorm 9 Figure 4 22 34 2 Click ADD and select Card1 then click Select Cards T Select Cards Available Cards REMOVE Selected Cards Available Cards Card 1 J E Figure 4 23 3 Card 1 will be added under the wave form in the upper left corner Right click Card 1 and select table actuator 56000 CONTROL SYSTEM File view Help X El P H i 10 Waveform ABLE ACTUATOR LYDT 1 STRUCTURE ACTUATOR LYDT 2 Figure 4 24 4 Actuator will be added under the card 1 Right click actuator and click Add Segment waveform File view Help Card 1 X 4 Hat br ani sus os E 3 TABLE ACTUATOR LvDT 1 Options AUTO Sa Lie LL PAUSE ps KA EA T DedEoeme IC 10 Waveform p amr LVDT
41. DisplacementOffset lt Name gt lt Val gt 0O 07 lt Val gt lt DBL gt Figure 5 69 2 Open MAX expand Remote Systems right click the real time controller and select File Transfer Config ration T 11 e My System Data Neighborhood gal Devices and Interfaces gt Historical Data gt 4d Scales 67 Software gt fp Drivers e Remote Systems NE PXIB108 2F119878 5 Reboot n Lock View Error Log File Transfer exe Change IP Offline Create Report Import Export Format Disk X Delete Figure 5 70 3 Leave Username and Password blank and click OK Username 7 Anonymous Login Password Figure 5 71 73 4 Inthe remote directory locate ni rt startup and in the local directory locate the folder that contains the NICON Config xml file Click the up arrow To Remote to transfer the file to the real time controller The close the window lex File Transfer Target IP Address 141 218 148 2 Current Remote Directory ni rt startup Folders El logs AnalogIO 05291505 log 1 ni rt AnalogIO 05291510 log C AnalogIO 05291518 log E system AnalogIO 05291531 loq X VeriStand 10 AnaloglO_ 05291535 log Soe 4 m EN d 4 IT mt PR MXAG Fm AnalogIO 06061358 100 REL O LoadConfiquration vi O Metwork 06061358 log NICON Config xml D NICON _ pcc or 4 n
42. ORCE Figure 3 18 CH 01 CH 01 A TABLE POSITION TABLE POSITION CO cu 04 TABLE FORCE 04 TABLE FORCE 02 B 1L 02 05 STRUCTURE POSITION 1 05 STRUCTURE POSITION 1 CICH 06 STRUCTURE FORCE 1 06 STRUCTURE FORCE Figure 3 19 13 Click Run in the upper left panel and Start in the upper right panel Adjust the y axis and x axis ranges so that the entire signals can be seen in the plot File View Help T X El e 5 tt T i waveform Figure 3 20 Options 2 Select Channels stop 3 a ass RANGE M Figure 3 21 16 14 The plot consists of two signals the command being sent to the actuator and the actual displacement of the actuator recorded by the LVDT The objective is to get these to match 15 Adjusting the proportional gain will have the greatest effect and is the most important If the actuator is too slow to reach its command displacement the proportional gain must be increased If the actuator is overshooting the command causing vibrations the proportional gain must be decreased 16 The rate gain can also be adjusted but will have less of an effect Once again the integrator gain does not need to be adjusted at all The same steps can be followed to tune the structure actuator EXAMPLES If the plot looks like this the proportional gain is too low and
43. XILSlot2 Analog Input 0 013786 0 013786 V Never 200 000 AR Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 382446 0 385362 V Never t 400 000 AB Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXISlot2 Analog Input 0 005005 0 001475 V Never 500 000 M Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 641018 0 640370 V Never 00 21 39 00 21 42 odi Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 051982 0 052954 V Never Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlIot2 Analog Input 0 039671 0 039671 V Never Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 013786 0 014110 V Never Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 048419 0 049715 V Never Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 028980 0 030276 V Never Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 348785 0 348461 05 16 2012 LC1 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 004067 0 005329 V Never rM Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 037437 0 038409 V 05 10 2012 LC2 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 004681 3 011976 V 12 13 2012 LVDT1 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 014076 0 015696 02 19 2013 00 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot8 Analog Outpu 0 000000 0 000000 V Never crie nalan Aiden n nnnnnn u TES View
44. able Channels Channel Channel Path Volts Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 015082 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXISlot2 Analog Input 0 041615 AD Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 018612 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 041615 1 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXH Slot2 Analog Input 0 003061 LVDT2 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 003385 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 020590 LC2 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 001765 5 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 001765 AO0 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot8 Analog Outpu 0 000000 AO1 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot8 Analog Outpu 0 000000 Alo Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot8 Analog Input 0 780889 AD Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot8 Analog Input 10 025099 AB Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot8 Analog Input 10 030618 AM Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot8 Analog 0 502702 AD Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot8 Analog Input 0 139693 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXIL Slot8 Analog Input 0 282619 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot8 Analog Input 0 357603 Cantentl neck nen fA nalan f 2nna on Figure 6 17 EU 0 015406 0 040967 0 016992
45. able or the specially programmed functions before being utilized in the numerical substructure simulation or the control compensation algorithms The box labeled Hybrid Testing Model contains the main program that may consist of the available Simulink blocks or a function written in MATLAB script code can also be integrated here if necessary The output on the right has two parts Besides the command signals that are sent to the actuators to apply the desired loadings general output from the numerical model can be recorded and output as data files that will be combined with the physical testing results for complete structural response analysis after each test 45 Accel 1 X Axis Accel 1 Y Axis Terminator Terminator NIVeriStandSignalProbe Accel 1 Z Axis Terminator2 Accel 2 X Axis Terminator3 Accel 2 Y Axis Terminator4 Accel 2 Z Axis Terminator5 Accel 3 X Axis Terminator6 Driving Command Table External Table Command Driving Command for Structure Actuator External Structure Command Accel 3 Y Axis Accel 3 Z Axis External Command Terminator8 Hybrid Testing Model LVDT Sensor Input Ed Output mat F k ical LVDT Table eedback from physical test Output File LVDT Structure Terminator1 1 Load Cell Table Terminator12 Load Cell Structure Hybrid Testing Controller Terminator 13 Laboratory of Earthquake and Structu
46. alibration Values Each channel has a secondary scale and offset that is applied after all other scaling Typically this Scale is 1 and the Offset is 0 Note if this Scale is 0 the channel will only read the value shown in Offset To update the system and save this new calibration press Finish Scale 1 Comments Figure 5 47 Next gt 64 4 Take note of the change in the sensor reading rkspace PseudoDynamicSimulation Tools Screen m Displayed Screen 1 q Empty Screen 500 000 400 000 200 000 0 000 200 000 400 000 500 000 a 00 20 17 View Window Hel File Channel EXT2 1 00 20 20 00 Te Lett fen o8 RR SCR CS e SON TA T M CRY PR teen er v Dr RSS Channel Path Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXI1Slot2 Analog Input LVDT2 Scalable Channels View History Channel Scaling for 141 218 148 2 Select a channel to calibrate Channel Path Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXH Slot2 Analog Outpu Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Outpu Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXI Slot2 Analog Input Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXIL Slot2 Analog Input Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXIL Slot2 Analog Input Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXH Slot2 Analog Input Controller Hard
47. at the device type is MIO Type in the name PXI1Slot2 This name must be the same as itis in MAX Click OK See Figure 5 18 5 To make them easier to identify you can change the names of the channels that you will be using For example if you are using just the structure actuator you can change AOO to EXT2 AI12 to LVDT2 and AI14 to LC2 The connector block has each channel labeled for your reference See Figure 5 19 Create DAQ Device gt Al ne Input Configuration Default e Internal channels cuite Las 0 rj Figure 5 18 Channel Specification Name Unit EXT2 Description _hannel Values me Jia 1000 2 40002 hannel Settings eee 0 Voltage v Physical address PXISIot2 A00 Figure 5 19 53 5 5 Hybrid Testing Procedure 5 5 1 BUILD MODEL 1 Turnon real time controller Figure 5 20 2 Open MATLAB set Current Folder to the folder that contains the Simulink model that you wish to test click the Current Folder tab on the left side of the screen and select the Simulink model md file File Edit View Debug Desktop Window Help Shortcuts Howto Add 4 What s New Ji 0530 2dof NL clesrMDL disc f e A A 18 88 stack Base gt fx Name WMUStiff init m WMUStiff init asv en rea
48. ate Rate 5Hz v Once Autoscale Off Once w c PEGSSRGERRES v ie Y Analog Output y EXT1 YER n 4 nvmci io 4 Delete Figure 5 38 EXT2 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXIl Slot2 Anz LVDT2 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXIl Slot2 Anz 6 The maximum and minimum values for the graphs can be edited by clicking on FORMAT amp PRECISION Format amp Precision D General Scale Y Scale Format Precisione Format Precision Relative Time E 0 Label Label Use Default Label Use Default Label Label Visible Label Visible E Autoscale Autoscale 60 5 5 4 Input Calibration Equation 1 It is important to input the calibration for those channels that are mapped between the hybrid simulation model and the hydraulic controllers including the external commands LVDTs and LCs of both actuators To input calibration equations Click Tools Channel Scaling amp Calibration 2 Select the channel which the calibration equations need to be input arm Monitor Model Parameter Manager Stimulus Profile Editor Step Stimulus Profile Editor Table Stimulus Profile Sequence Editor G CAN Bus Monitor w E c o uj Channel Data Viewer Console Viewer TDMS File Viewer mn nmm Figure 5 39 i Channel Scaling for 141 218 148 2 File Channel Path Sel
49. c Documents National Instruments VeriStand Logs You can also import this data into MATLAB for analysis 5 6 Hybrid Testing with UI SimCor and NICON The Multi Site Substructure Pseudodynamic Simulation Coordinator Ul SimCor is a platform used to conduct geographically distributed pseudodynamic PSD hybrid simulation By combining Ul SimCor with the Network Interface for Controllers NICON slow PSD testing can be performed using the equipment at LESS In addition Ul SimCor and NICON allow LESS to participate in geographically distributed PSD tests and or be controlled from a remote location For specific details and instructions on how to use UI SimCor visit the user s manual at http nees uiuc edu software docs UI SimCor 20v2 6 20Manual pdf 5 6 1 Ul SimCor Configuration In the SimConfig m file that defines the hybrid simulation the module which represents the physical substructure must be named STATIC The command should look like this 70 MDL i name 5 where iis the module number The URL of the physical module must be the IP address of the real time controller followed by a port number The command should look like this MDL i URL 141 218 148 2 11997 where i is the module number 141 218 148 2 is the IP address of the real time controller and 11997 is the port number 5 6 2 1 NICON Configuration The NICON_Config xml file must be customized for LESS The port number used in the SimConfig m file
50. d send external command to the hydraulic controller through the connections devised The real time processor processes the signal being sent and received through the DAQ cards and runs the hybrid testing model developed specifically for each test Table 3 4 NI Controller Specifications PXI 1050 Chassis 8 slot 3U PXI Chassis Integrated SCXI Chassis 4 Signal Conditioning Module Slots PXI 8108 Controller 2 53 GHz Dual Core Embedded Controller SCB 68 68 pin Shielded Desktop Connector Block All communication to the DAQs travels through connector blocks Figure 3 25 NI Controller 3 4 Instrumentation For general earthquake experiments sensors are crucial to understand the performance of the test specimen under investigation For hybrid testing the data fed back from the sensors serve a double purpose In addition to providing the specimen s seismic response some of the feedback data is also used to determine the interface loading and to improve the hydraulic loading performance The sensors currently available for use include accelerometers and LVDTs 3 4 1 Accelerometers Table 3 5 Wired Accelerometer Specifications 19 3 axis Figure 3 26 Wired Accelerometer Table 3 6 Wireless Accelerometer Specifications Wireless Accelerometer Network Set IIB2400 Interface Board Size 1 9 x 1 4 x 0 6 Size 1 4 x 1 9 x 0 35 3 axis x y z Figure 3 27 Wireless Accelerometer 20
51. dAccPEER m Current Folder force l5D8 20X Slower Force Displacement Response model time seconds 20X Slower Command Response Figure 5 21 3 Click on Simulation Configuration Parameters View Simulation Format Tools Help D QUE P YIEUTUO Cmm REOR Prem Ctrl T Stop DOF V Configuration Parameters ntal5pe Normal ntal Spe Accelerator adm Bela P apid Accelerator Signal External Xi2 Figure 5 22 4 Under Real Time Workshop make sure the system target file is NIVeriStand tlc If it is not click Browse and find it If you cannot find it restart MATLAB and try again Once the system target file is NIVeriStand tlc click Build 54 ata Import Export ptimization agnostics Sample Time Data Validity Type Conversion Connectivity Compatibility Model Referencing Saving ardware Implementati odel Referencing mulation Target gt Symbols Custom Code 2al Time Workshop Report Comments Symbols Custom Code Debug NI Model Information NI Configuration Target selection O System target file NIveriStand tlc Language C Description Build process TLC options Makefile configuration 4 Generate makefile Make command make rtw Template makefile Code Generation Advisor Select objective NI VeriStand Real Time Target for Release 2007b or later NIVeriStand vc tmf
52. described in 4 2 and 4 3 respectively 4 1 Hydraulic Equipment Startup Procedure 1 Make sure the water is turned on with both yellow levers in the up position If you don t the hydraulics could overheat lt Lm in TAN rl ai By hy mf ie reu 2 ee AM SM ONE CS ONES e T etait 2 Figure 4 1 2 If it s not already on turn on the computer push both switches Figure 4 2 25 If the controller is shut down previously due to an emergency stop such as the Emergency button shown below is pushed down you need to first reset the Emergency follow the instruction shown below Punch In To Cause A Global Emergency Stop Condition Punch In Breaks E STOP RESET ENABLE 24VDC Twist To Release Makes E STOP RESET ENABLE 24VDC Wired I O Slot 5 Internal Connector E STOP OUTPUT To Be Reset Out Of A Global Emergency Stop Condition 3 Double click the Shore Western start up icon STARTUP Figure 4 3 4 Inthe lower left panel of the control screen click the E STOP RESET button switching from DISABLED to ENABLED 107 20 40 Options SYSTEM CONTROL Select Control PUMP CON DISABLED LOW TABLE CONTROL Box 1 Card 1 TABLE SETPOINT Figure 4 4 26 5 Onthe front of the computer black box push the lighted red button
53. ding resisting force is fed back to the model to calculate the next step s displacement command The real time PSD test was developed to exam the dynamic response of velocity dependent devices which cannot be accurately captured during quasi static loading The advantage of PSD testing is that it allows experimentation on any size of structures as compared to the general STT that is limited to be performed on reduced size structures Therefore PSD testing has been used numerous earthquake engineering research projects However the real time testing still poses a challenge to this method especially when a large scale complex specimen is being tested 2 5 Real Time Dynamic Hybrid Testing The real time dynamic hybrid testing RTDHT method was proposed as a seismic response simulation method that combines numerical computation and physical specimens excited by both shake tables and auxiliary actuators The loadings generated by the seismic excitations at the interfaces between the physical and numerical substructures in terms of accelerations and forces are imposed by shake tables and actuators in a step by step manner at a real time rate The unique aspect of the RTDHT method is the versatile implementation of inertia forces and a force based substructuring However RTDHT has not been adopted by a research project as a testing method due to some difficulties in numerical simulation and coordinated real time control of both actuators and shake tables
54. downloaded through this connection to the real time controller prior to testing using a software named NI VeriStand 43 b e External hybrid testing testing mode connection gt _ a Displacement amp acceleration responses 9 S a Real time Controller installed with amp Hydraulic Controller General dn connection Actuator command ffeedback HPS on off signal e Internal hydraulic control connection Physical e eee substructure Hydraulic Power Supply HPS 5 mmm m Table Actuator Figure 5 1 Schematic Diagram of the Developed Hybrid Testing System LVDT Table Actuator LVDT Structure Actuator Load Cell Hydraulic Table Actuator Controller Load Cell Real time i Controller External Command 1 External Command 2 Figure 5 2 External output input BNC Connections 44 5 2 Software Integration To perform various hybrid tests the hybrid testing system was designed to connect the numerical simulation in the hybrid testing controller and the physical test by sending interface loading commands to the hydraulic controller which further drives both actuators to apply desired dynamic loadings Meanwhile desired sensor data is fed back to the hybrid testing model to calculate the next step s structural response and o
55. e Figure 4 17 2 The Import Wizard will appear Use 12 lines for the header and click Next 31 4 I P Select Column Separator s Comma Space Semicolon Tab Other Number of text header 2 Preview of F 05 29 2012 Cyclic 65537 1 1338335579 txt VERSION NUMBER 1 FILE NAME 05 29 2012 Cyclic FILE TYPE TIME HISTORY SAMPLE INTERVAL TYPE FIXED SAMPLE INTERVAL UNIT TYPE SAMPLE INTERVAL UNIT NAME SAMPLE INTERVAL SIZE 0 01 NUMBER COLUMNS 2 STRUCTURE POSITION STRUCTURE FORCE Displacement Force m N 0 00196464420231 1 26898470002 0 00196867155777 7 17670221717 E 1 0 002 12690 2 0000 71767 3 0000 61452 4 0000 00499 5 0002 74580 6 0000 63327 7 0000 10814 8 0 002 48324 0002 69892 Figure 4 18 om Select variables to import using checkboxes _ Create variables matching preview Create vectors from each column using column names Create vectors from each row using row names Variables in F 05 29 2012 65537 1 1338335579 54 Impog Name Size data 80003 2 textdata 1241 1228 cell In the next window check data only Click Finish Generate MATLAB code Figure 4 19 units to English units and plot the data gt gt disp data 1 39 37 gt gt force data 2 4 48 gt gt plot disp force Figure 4 20 Type in the following commands into the command window in order to conver
56. e lt Name gt slant hee lt Val gt 0 5 lt Val gt lt Val gt O0 4076 lt Val gt lt DBL gt lt DBL gt Figure 5 66 4 Displacement and force limits as well as increment limits are defined here too These should be selected based on the maximum displacement and force expected to be observed during the test see Figure 5 66 5 The output channel corresponds to the displacement command input channel 1 corresponds to the LVDT and input channel 2 corresponds to the load cell They should be defined as follows lt DAOChannel gt lt Name gt Outputch lt Name gt Val PXI151ot2 aoU0z Val z DAQChannel lt DAOChannel gt lt Name gt Inputchi lt Name gt lt Val gt PKI1Slot aii lt Val gt DAQChannel DAQChannel lt Name gt Inputch lt Name gt Val PXI1S5lot2 ail4c Val DAQChannel Figure 5 67 72 Even though output channel 2 is not used it still must be specified Since the only remaining output channel is AO1 we use it here zDAQOChannel xName O0utputCh 2 Name Val PXI1S10t2 aolc Val x DAQChannel Figure 5 68 The rest of the parameters that are not mentioned in this section can remain at their default values 5 6 3 Procedure 1 In SC6000 zero out the force in order to determine the corresponding displacement offset Then type this value into the displacement offset in the NICON Config xml file Then zero out the displacement of the actuator lt DBL gt lt Hame gt
57. ect a channel to calibrate Scalable Channels creen View Window Help Channel Channel Path Volts Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Outpu 0 000000 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Outpu 0 000000 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 004024 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 014067 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 010828 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 014067 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 043601 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 021570 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 028698 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 016011 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXIL Slot2 Analog Input 0 038093 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 016710 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 040685 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 003427 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 003103 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 020223 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 002131 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 001807 Controller Simulation Models Models CR v2010a Executior 1 000000 C antentl latinn 01 1 0 li liis 1 NNNMNNN EU 0 000000 0 000000 0 004348
58. elf product e For calibration follow ASTM 09 Calibrate once a year 3 2 5 Actuator Tuning Procedure 1 Startup the hydraulic equipment see Section 4 1 2 0 into the table actuator displacement command in SC6000 Press enter If the position is not exactly inches the valve balance must be adjusted TABLE CONTROL 1 1 TABLE SETPOINT ENABLED i 0 in 1 d 2 0 2 POSITION FORCE a mm Figure 3 5 3 To adjust the valve balance first click the blue triangle in the Valve Driver 1 box in the lower right panel Function 2 Sarvs SM v xls T i ER Amplifier i A NL _ LOAD ZELL i sal Figure 3 6 12 4 click Valve Balance Wales Galen oe C Figure 3 7 5 Adjust the slider until the position reading is inches 1 Card 1 Valve Driver 1 Valve Balance Figure 3 8 TABLE CONTROL POSITION FORCE Box 1 Card 1 TABLE SETPOINT cass 1 2 0 2 Figure 3 9 6 Right click Waveform in the upper left panel of the screen Click Change selected cards Click Card 1 click ADD and then click OK Select Cards Available Cards Selected Cards Figure 3 10 13 7 Inthe upper left panel right click Card 1 and select table actuator 2 Waveform Figure 3 11 8 Right click actuator and click Add Segment Then click Square Wave Hald Ramp
59. g the LVDT in the system explorer section 6 3 open the MAX Under the Remote Systems click on the tab NI PXI8108 2F119B78 Devices and Interfaces PXI 1050 Chassis 1 8 NI PXI 6221 15 018 See Figure 6 9 left for the path 2 On the right side of the MAX window a correspoding window will then show for you to operate the PXI1SlIot8 as selected Click on the tab Test Panels as shown on the right of Figure 6 9 T is E gt THO Iu M rer Edit View Toots Help gt gll Data Neighborhood gt Wl Devices and Interfaces 44 Scales 5 Software gt di M Drivers Gi NI PXIS108 2F119878 gll Data Neighborhood 10 1000 a a ii Devices and interfaces 4 gf 2 NI PXI 6229 PXILSIot2 P Network Devices PXI PXI System NI PXI 8108 Serial gt 40 Scales 5 Software Figure 6 9 83 3 Find the associated channel number from the SCB 68 Quick Reference label box and state it under the Channel Name table For Mode choose Continuous The Input Configuration should be RSE short for Reference Single EndedRun Workspace See Figure 6 9 right 4 Press start to read the voltage reading of the selected channel cali 3 Amplitude vs Samples Chart Auto 10 chart 0 19 Voltage alue 0 Value E Stop Figure 6 10 6 4 2 Setting up the sLVDTs for calibration 1 Sett
60. he desired LVDT that needs calibration on the table 2 Puta paper on top of the table beneath the LVDT and the caliper to mark your startup point 3 Move the caliper and the LVDT to close to a zero voltage You can check the Test Panel in the NI MAX for a voltage value Now tape the one end of the caliper on the table and the other end to the rod of the sLVDT see eMe SBURGH LI 4 Make sure to use duct tape to fix the sLVDT to prevent it from moving 84 5 Figure 6 11 Zero out the caliper by clicking the red button on the caliper as shown in Figure 6 13 Figure 6 12 6 4 3 sLVDT calibration 1 2 Write the voltage value an Excel sheet with 0 as the current position Move the stroke rod of the sLVDT 5 inches to the right with one inch as a time Write down the voltage reading associated with each one inch position of the sLVDT Note you don t need to be exactly at a one inch position slightly off the inch position is acceptable during sLVDT calibration as long as you write the caliper reading and the corresponding voltage reading in the Excel file Move the sLVDT rod back to zero point with the help of the voltage reading from the MAX Then repeat the same steps when moving the sLVDT 5 inches to the left Once all the caliper and voltage readings are entered in the Excel sheet through the previous steps one may plot the voltage an X Y graph using Excel function where the v
61. ich edu type in your Bronco NetID and password and then click Start next to Network Connect Client Application 5essions i Network Connect Figure 5 83 Click Always or Yes on the popup box If the VPN software has already been installed this will execute it If it has not been installed this will download install and execute it 77 Setup Control Warning Do you want to download install and or execute software from the following server Product Name Network Connect 7 3 0 Software Name neoNCSetupb4 exe Server Name vpn wmich edu woe ve Figure 5 84 78 6 Instrumentation 6 1 LVDT Installation There are currently three LVDTs used for the position measurement of the test specimen referred to as structure LVDTs sLVDTs as compared to those embedded LVDTs in the two actuators All three sLVDTs needs to be a connected to a DC power supply i e Schaevitz DC LVDT power supply used at LESS for proper measurement 1 First connect the sLVDTs to the power supply For sLVDT 1 purchased in 2009 the first wire adjacent to the red strip wire goes into the positive power source and the red strip wire into the negative power source For sLVDT 2 amp 3 purchased in 2014 the brown wires are connected to negative power 15v source and the orange wires connected to the positive power 15v source A screwdriver shall be used to tighten these wires to their respective outlet m o 115V 230
62. ies Fourier and Power Spectra Elastic Inelastic Response Spectra Ground Motion Parameters j j Filteri select em V Apply Baseline Correction NIE Filter Gain um d Correction constant Filter Type Filter Configuration Apply Filtering Linear Butterworth D Lowpass O Highpass Show Uncorrected Results grey line C Quadratic Chebyshev e Cubic Bandstop Click ref h Polynomial Coefficients Order amp Frequencies ICK refres a0 0 00001 Order U 4 M SUE a2 0 00000 D _0 10 a3 0 00000 7 25 00 Freq 2 Uncorrected Time Acceleration s tz D D D D 0 000 0 0003 F ism M 5 be JA faf JA NAP vos ein ut eo e REUS y pt Wert nol 0 002 i aod i 0 003 0 0005 15 n m Time sec Corrected Time Acceleration 3 5 0 000 0 0003 0 001 0 0004 0 002 0 0005 0 003 0 0005 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 S9 11 0 004 0 0006 X Time sec Unfiltered Time history Acceleration g Velocity in sec Displacement in Figure 4 38 42 5 Hybrid Testing Controller Systems and Operation 5 1 Hardware Integration 5 1 1 Internal Hydraulic Control Connection The connections between the hydraulic controller the two actuators and the HPS are provided by the manufacturer of the equipment as shown in red arrows The hydraulic contro
63. in 3 inches displacement 3 inches displacement can be obtained by trial and error in other word entering different scale factor until the displacement become inches as shown in the following factor Input File Parameters eee First Line Last Line Time Step dt Scaling Factor Acceleration Units g Velocity Units cm sec Displacement Units cm Acceleration File The Chi Chi Taiwan earthquake of September 20 1999 Source PEER Strong Motion database Recording station TCUO045 Frequency range 0 02 50 0 Hz Time s 1 9 0 000 0 000 0 010 0 000 0 020 0 000 0 030 0 000 0 040 0 000 10 050 0 000 Single Acceleration value per line C Time amp Acceleration values per line Multiple Acceleration values per line Cx ion Column To change gt p faul 7779 accelerati ti a Time Column displacement Frequency 1 5 Initial Values Skipped 2 Figure 4 33 d Units should be changed because program default is gravity acceleration g centimeter per second cm sec and centimeter cm for acceleration velocity and displacement respectively as shown in the following figure First Line Last Line Time Step dt Scaling Factor Acceleration Units g Velocity Units cm sec Displacement Units cm Single Acceleration value per line C Time amp Acceleration values per line Multiple Acceleration values per l
64. ine Acceleration Column 2 Time Column Frequency 1 C change unii Acceleration File The Chi Chi Taiwan earthquake of September 20 1999 Source PEER Strong Motion database Recording station 45 Frequency range 0 02 50 0 Hz 0 000 0 010 0 020 0 030 040 Time Accel 3 0 0 0 0 0 000 050 _0 000____ 000 000 000 000 Figure 4 34 40 3 When step 2 has been done click on OK Three time histories will presented acceleration velocity and displacement Check the displacement time history must be within inches range and check maximum displacement value by choosing Ground Motion Parameters window as shown in the following figure 0 SeismoSignal C Program Files x86 SeismoSoft SeismoSignal accelerograms Northridgedat EXT x File Edit View Tools Help 5 21454 gt Baseline Correction and Filtering Time Series Fourier and Power Spectra Blastic Inelastic Response Acceleration Time sec Acceleration 9 RR m 3 a 034 mM ETo 3 2eM eeAeeUIBEUUUCEMPRUq I c s S M 0 9 00096 8 0 01000 0 00056 Pe Braces a ova c 0 0 02000 0 00024 8 01 Wd mA 0 03000 0 00032 02 munem 00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
65. ion This feature is essential for this system to conduct hybrid testing External command of the actuators i e simulated interface motion between the physical and numerical substructures determined from the numerical simulation running in a real time controller can therefore be transferred to the hydraulic controller to drive the actuators applying the desired dynamic loading to the structural specimen 10 Figure 3 3 Hydraulic Controller SC6000 3 2 3 Hydraulic Linear Actuators The hybrid testing system includes two hydraulic linear actuators Shore Western Model 910D 1 08 6 0 4 1348 Each actuator contains 2 5 servo valve and a hydraulic service manifold rated at 15 gpm The actuators are installed with linear variable differential transducers LVDT and load cell sensors which provide position and loading feedback for both displacement and force control of the actuators One actuator is used to drive the shake table and is named the table actuator The other actuator is mounted against the reaction frame to form an actuator reaction setup and is called the structure actuator The hybrid testing system developed therefore consists of both shake table and actuator reaction setup allowing hybrid tests to be conducted using individual loading equipment or both of them simultaneously This loading capability along with numerical simulation results in various testing configurations necessary to perform different hybrid testing methods
66. ire in SLVDT2 SCB 68 Quick Reference Label We 55 54 23 TEMP SENSOR ENABLED ON SINGLE ENDED CH 0 TEMP SENSOR ENABLED Of DIFFERENTIAL CH ACCESSOR Y POWER ON s CT 3 E SERIES DEVICES am o 6 2 2 5 5 5 Figure 6 2 DEL MEN esu E __ m 9e 7 mone e roes C rrecowem __ reme __ e eremo Plug in the wires using the same screwdriver method described in step 1 The finished view on the SCB 68 box and closed up view of sLVDT1 connection are shown in Figure 6 3 Figure 6 3 80 4 use the structure sLVDTs an experiment plug the power supply of the Schaevitz DC supply into an outlet 5 Install sLVDTs using the instrumentation frame and the bolts as shown in the figures below with a closed up view on both ends of the sLVDT Note that two square bolts are used to tightly hold the rod to the structure and make sure the rods touch the test structure Figure 6 4 6 2 Accelerometer Installation 1 Attach each accelerometer to its corresponding number as shown Make sure the numbers are facing up on both connections Each accelerometer has five wires one for voltage V one for ground G and one for each axis X Y Z The labels indicate the order of these wires Note that the voltage wires are lightly colored red
67. lation model path General tinc Parameters and Signals Inports and Outports Mame CR v2010a Simulation model path ShacARTHS test exampleVCR HS am CR v2010a_niVernStand_rtw CR_v2010a dll 6 Path type Absolute Figure 5 26 4 Click the Settings tab and select Initial state paused Then click OK General Settings 4 Parameters and Signals Inports and Outports Decimati 5 Initial state running 1 4 Processor 2 E Figure 5 27 56 5 Click on Mappings on the left pane and click System Mappings Disconnect all previous mappings File Tools Help cz 5 1112 2014 Controller Source Controller 5 Hardware Destination ul Controller s Hardware aor eee amp Chassis jp Chassis Hardware gl DAQ gl DAQ 0 Custom Devices 8 yf PXILSIot2 Ej Vf PXILSIot2 i Simulation Models I Analog Input Y Analog Output 2 System Channels x Y 01 User Channels Wen i AD 5 0 Simulation Models T adiculdtem 1annels c AB 5 Models c 2 Comp_M2DOF_WMU_ClearVersion tre Stimulus i AD EC Execution c I Model Command x PNE v 2 23 Inports Procedures 5 09 Experimental Specimen Measurem _ Ag Aliases c 2 23 SC6000 Input I Structure Load Cell 1 Structure LVDT NL_Comp_M2DOF_WMU_ClearVersion
68. ller sends command signals to the servo valve and the service manifold on the actuators and receives feedback from the embedded LVDTs and load cells The HPS can be turned on off by the hydraulic controller through the cable connection With these connections the three hardware components form an internal loop hydraulic control that is conventionally utilized in structural experiments to apply a predefined displacement force history to the structural specimen during which no feedback from the test specimen is necessary to determine the actuators commands Section 4 5 1 2 General DAQ Connection On the other hand during hybrid testing an online numerical computation is necessary to generate the loading commands of the actuators based on the feedback from the test specimen and or the actuators The numerical computation is conducted in the real time controller and the feedback is collected using both the general DAQ cards and the DAQ embedded in the hydraulic controller Therefore a general DAQ connection green arrow and an external hybrid testing connection blue arrows were created for the hybrid testing purposes The general DAQ connection is a standard one way connection that transfers measured structural response from the sensors i e LVDTs and accelerometers to the general cards Utilizing combined chassis housing for both the real time processor and the general DAQ cards for the real time controller the structural response data is i
69. lt bit Update BIOS b lt NATIONAL p INSTRUMENTS Update BIOS Figure 5 10 49 Identify PXI chasis might be done manually Right click on PXI System click on Identify As and select NI PXI 8108 That will identify NI PXI8108 as the real time engine Then choose from the list of NI PXIO5O Chassis1 as the DAQ chassis Then right Click on Chassis 1 select Identify As and then select PXI 1050 NI PXI 8101 NI PXI 8102 NI PXI 1033 NI PXI 8104 PXI 1000 ep oe PXI 1000B L rr D PXI 1006 NI PXI 8174 PXI System NI 8108 _ Mes gt stem NI E ER NIPXI 8175 TA Chassis 1 PXI 1050 Measurement amp Automation Explorer File Edit View Tools NI PXI 8176 File Edit View Tools Help PXI 1011 NI PXI 8183 PXI 1020 4 My System NI PXI 8184 PXI 1025 am gt 84 Data Neighborhood NI PXI 8185 gt BE Devices and Interfaces NI PXI 8186 4 My System PXI 1031 gt 444 Scales ub gt gl Data Neighborhood PXI 1031DC h gt 57 Software 5 ass gt Mi M Drivers TTS gt tg Devices and Interfaces PXI 1036 4 gt Remote Systems NI PXI 8196 gt 44 Scales PXI 1036DC 4 JUI AES gt 6 Software atus p a Neighborhoo E IVI Dri SIS IS HB Devices and Interfaces PS 4 PXI
70. mmediately available for the hybrid testing controller once they are collected from the sensors 5 1 3 External Hybrid Testing Connection The external hybrid testing connection connects the hydraulic controller the real time controller and the hybrid testing controller as shown in Figure 5 1 The two actuators positions and forces are fed back to the general DAQ cards located in the real time controller through the standard Bayonet Neill Concelman BNC connectors see Figure 5 2 In addition to the four actuators feedback signals two monitor signals Monitor A and B are available for the parallel real time simulation that can be used to check any critical point within the hydraulic control loop In the opposite direction two external command signals can be sent to the hydraulic controller from the real time processor These two external commands are used to control the table actuator and the structure actuator respectively during hybrid testing The BNC connections shown in Figure 5 2 are essential for hybrid testing purposes by enabling data transfer between physical experiments conducted using hydraulic equipment and numerical simulation running in the real time processor The connection between the real time controller and the hybrid testing controller is realized through an internet Ethernet cable blue dashed arrow A hybrid testing model defining a numerical simulation and or a control algorithm developed in MATLAB Simulink is deployed
71. must be specified as follows lt U32 gt zHame PortNumber Name lt Val gt 11997 lt Val gt lt U32 gt Figure 5 63 The force offset should be zero but the displacement offset may change from setup to setup and will be described in section 5 6 3 zName ForceOffset Name lt Val gt O lt Val gt z DBL Figure 5 64 The parameters 0 bO and cO calibration offsets of the displacement command LVDT and load cell respectively The parameters a1 b1 and c1 represent the calibration slopes of the displacement command LVDT and load cell respectively For units of kips and inches these parameters should be as follows see Figure 5 65 71 DEL lt DBL gt ES 5 AE E lt Val gt 0 015456 lt Val gt ween eee lt DBL gt MN pa LimitDi N lt Name gt ail lt Name gt posi a lt V alsu 74 al gt lt Val gt 453386 lt Val gt lt DBL gt lt DBL gt zDBL zDBL lt Name gt LimitDispInc lt Name gt lt Name gt cO lt Name gt lt Val gt O0 7 lt Val gt lt Val gt 0 0028 lt Val gt z DBL lt DBL gt zDBL lt DEL gt CN x lt Name gt LimitForcMin lt Name gt zName o1 Name Val 0 5 Val lt Val gt O0 32513 lt Val gt z DBL z DBL zDBL zDBL M lt Name gt LimitForcMax lt Name gt E Duz gt tape lt Val gt 0 5 lt Val gt X gt U ME gt d lt DBL gt T zDBL 9959 lt Name gt LimitForcIn
72. nager A Stimulus Profile Editor Step Stimulus Profile Editor Table Stimulus Profile Sequence Editor Workspace Controls Channel Data Viewer Console Viewer TOMS File Viewer Figure 5 45 2 Select the channel you want to offset and click Next vue WULU VE d N pem Options 2 Select Channels Start Stop xmas Pply MIN 10 MAX 10 2000 C1 MONA ag TABLE POSITION 8 TABLE FORCE MON B 7 STRUCTURE POSITION STRUCTURE FORCE 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Properties command A1 63 Channel Scaling TC aeta bo RSS edd File 2h 1 219 140 Channel Path idm de ioni o c i Select a channel to calibrate Scalable Channels Channel Channel Path Volts EXT2 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Outpu 0 046800 EXT1 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Outpu 0 000000 Alo Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 001441 An Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 012814 AD Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 379206 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 000145 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 639074 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 054898 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 042263 Controller Hardwa
73. og Output Y AO1 4 n E Figure 5 57 6 Click the green triangle button to begin recording Click OK on the dialog box that pops up 5 5 8 RUN TEST Figure 5 58 1 Exit Edit Mode by clicking Screen Edit Mode again 2 Click the green triangle button on the Model Control box to run the test The light under Logging Status will turn bright green once recording has begun RA Stimulus Profile Editor Step CL PSD etl e mn pes S amp 53 np M2DOF WMU Cle Header Calibration Files Profile Logging ere Add New Fi Logging Status a C Users Public Documents National Instruments VeriStand Logs 06 04 2012 1 CL_PSD_1206041109 15n amp n4 11n0 Size 22 Figure 5 59 omp_M2DOF_WMU_Cle 35 Model running Model Command DAQ Error LC2 LVDT2 External Output 2 69 3 When test has finished click Stop Test amp Close Figure 5 60 5 5 9 DISABLE EXTERNAL CONTROL 1 disable external control on SC6000 first set the actuator to O inches Then set the span gain to 0 1 Card 1 Servo Amplifier 2 Span Gain Figure 5 61 2 Click the OFF button in the lower left panel under EXT INPUTS EXT INPUTS TABLE O O O O I U C qmm Figure 5 62 5 5 10 VIEW DATA To view data go to C Users Publi
74. oltage reading is plotted along the x axis and the displacement reading from the caliper is plotted on the y axis Right click on the data in the X Y graph and add a trendline to show the line of best fit The slope of the lines is the slope of the LVDT within the calibration equation Error Reference source not found Error Reference source not found shows the calibration equations of the three sLVDTs that were obtained in November 2014 85 sLVDT1 Calibration 2014 11 07 15 5 6 Figure 6 13 sLVDT1 Calibration 2014 11 07 15 5 6 7 Figure 6 14 86 sLVDT3 Calibration 2014 11 07 45 y 2 0865x 0 0183 Voltage V Pg 6 4 4 APPLY CALIBRATION 15 Displacement in Figure 6 15 1 Click Tools and select Channel Scaling amp Calibration A o t 5 m 5 Screen View Window Alarm Monitor CAN Bus Monitor Model Parameter Manager Stimulus Profile Editor Step Stimulus Profile Editor Table Stimulus Profile Sequence Editor hannel Scalina amp Calibration Channel Fault Manager Channel Data Viewer Console Viewer TDMS File Viewer mn ann Figure 6 16 8 2 Select the LVDT Fn Channel Path Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXI1SlotB Analog Input LVDT _ Select a channel to calibrate Scal
75. ommand Inports 209 Experimental Specimen Measurem SC6000 Input Figure 5 29 57 7 feedback from the actuators connect either the LC or LVDT under the Analog Input to the appropriate inports in the simulation model Source Destination Controller BEP Controller 5 s Hardware gm Hardware y Chassis ia Simulation Models cg DAQ 5 Models IE jg PXILSIot2 B Comp M2DOF WMU ClearVersion i v Analog Input 209 Execution AID I Model Command c 20 Inports AD Experimental Specimen Measurem 2 23 06000 Input c AM I Structure Load Cell c Structure LVDT NL Comp M2DOF WMU ClearVersion AU Execution Model Command AD B Inports v Experimental Specimen Measurem SC6000 Input Structure Load Cell AILS Structure LVDT v 1 B lt gt NL Comp M2DOF ClearVersion 1 c LVDT2 Execution 89 Analog Output Model Command amp 8 Simulation Models 53 Inports m i m x e Disconnect Connect K a Figure 5 30 8 The primary control loop rate depends on ie time step of the test sdt in the Simulink model To specify the loop rate click on the Controller and type in sdt at the bottom of the window Note that sdt needs to be converted to microseconds For example if your sdt is 0 01 seconds type in 10000 If your sdt is 0 001 seconds type in 1000
76. omponent is not installed on the remote target Available version s on the host di 100 This feature will be installed on the remote target aa LabVIEW Real Time Software Wizard EDU m 2 Language Support for LabVIEW RT 1 0 0 3 Modbus I O Server 1 6 0 5 RT Console Viewer 2 0 1 NI 1394 External Drive Support 1 4 4 3 0 Multifunction E M 5 and X Series AO SERIES TIO SERIES Counter Timer DIGITAL I O Q7 NATIONAL d INSTRUMENTS NI DAQmx 9 0 0 gt Multifunction DAQ E M S and X Series 9 0 0 Features to be installed or reinstalled CAN Frame To Channel Conversion Library 1 0 3 Intel 8254x Ethernet Driver 3 0 0 3 4 LabVIEW Real Time 9 0 lt LabVIEW Real Time 9 0 gt Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 Runtime Support 1 0 lt LabVIEW Real Time 9 0 gt NI RT Extensions for SMP MultiCore Support 9 0 LabVIEW Real Time 9 0 gt Web Server for LabVIEW RT 2 0 0 lt Language Support for LabVIEW RT 1 0 0 3 NI VeriStand RT Engine 2 0 NI VeriStand RT Engine 2 0 gt RT Console Viewer 2 0 1 NI CAN 2 7 0 NI DAQmx 9 0 0 NI DAQmx 9 0 0 gt AO SERIES 9 0 0 NI DAQmx 9 0 0 gt DIGITAL 1 0 9 0 0 4 9 0 0 gt TIO SERIES Counter Timer 9 0 0 Click the Next button to begin the update Click the Back button to change your selections ni t system FlexR1O 73D6_Defau
77. ound the base to a 5 x 12 steel plate with a 77 thickness Two A307 steel bolts that are 4 long and in diameter act as coupons on each side These bolts have a center to center distance of 8 They are each secured by two nuts that are fastened to the bottom of the upper plate and the top of the lower plate which is 15 x 15 x 4 This lower plate is bolted in the four corners to the shake table in order to provide a fixed support Two bearings are attached to 5 x 124 x 4 aluminum plates which are welded 22 to the bottom plate The two bearings are 4 apart center to center Finally a6 steel rod with a diameter of connects the two new bearings to the hinge ee cw Figure 3 31 Substructure Specimen Connection Figure 3 32 Substructure Specimen 23 Force 20007 1500 1000 500 500 1000 1600 5 0 5 10 Displacement mm Figure 3 33 Typical Hysteretic Response of Substructure Specimen 24 4 Open Loop Testing Procedure During an open loop test a predetermined loading pattern is imposed Open loop testing does not require force responses to be measured in order to calculate displacement commands Therefore no feedback is needed and only a command signal is required Open loop testing does not involve the use of the real time controller and is only useful for certain types of tests such as cyclic testing and shake table testing STT which are
78. r actuator s command The hybrid testing controller runs two software programs MATLAB Simulink is used to develop the hybrid testing model The hybrid testing model can be a numerical substructure simulation utilizing specimen s response and defining the interface loadings or it can be an advanced control compensation algorithm that uses the actuator s feedback and generates compensated driving commands This hybrid testing model is then deployed using NI VeriStand to the real time controller that will be running the model in real time during the test NI VeriStand is a testing software that allows developing control systems and performing real time testing using hardware input output and simulation models The user interface of SC6000 has a function to receive external command from the real time controller while setting the internal command to zero This function is activated during a hybrid test that naturally integrates the numerical simulation and the physical testing To facilitate fast model development in Simulink a software platform was created see Figure 5 3 which integrates all the currently available input and output The input to the hybrid testing model consists of two sources the structural response data i e displacement and or acceleration responses collected by the general system and the actuators response data obtained from the embedded actuators sensors These feedback data can be processed in Simulink with the avail
79. ral Simulation erminator Mon B Western Michigan University Terminator15 SC6000 Hydraulic Controller Input Figure 5 3 Hybrid Testing Controller Model 5 3 Real time Controller Formatting and Software Installation using NI Measurement and Automation Explorer MAX MAX is a tool that can be used to manage and configure NI components Under normal circumstances settings in MAX do not need to be changed and MAX does not even need to be open during hybrid testing However if problems with deployment are experienced this can indicate a problem in MAX The following instructions illustrate how to reformat the real time controller and reinstall software using MAX From previous experience this often fixes deployment problems 46 1 When booting the real time controller repeatedly press the Delete key on the keyboard until a blue screen appears Use the left arrow key to navigate to the LabVIEW RT tab press enter to change the boot configuration and select LabVIEW RT Safe Mode Then navigate to Save and Exit and press enter the controller will reboot into safe mode Figure 5 4 2 Open MAX expand Remote Systems Right click the real time controller NI PXI8108 and select Format Disk gt NI PXI8108 2F119B78 Measurement amp Automation Explo File Edit View Tools Help This command wall format the disk ekminasng al nstaled My System software and al on the remote system gt 5 Data Neighborhood
80. re which is summarized below e Disable the actuator being used e Click low to low pressure e Click 28 4 3 Cyclic Testing A cyclic test can be performed using a sine wave sweep but it is preferable to use a triangle wave increasing in amplitude over time SC6000 has a built in sine sweep but does not have a built in triangle wave Therefore a triangle wave must be created This can be done in Microsoft Excel When finished save it as a txt file 4 3 1 ASSIGN LOAD 1 Right click Waveform in the upper left panel of the screen Click Change selected cards Click Card 1 click ADD and then click OK Select Cards Available Cards Figure 4 9 2 Inthe upper left panel right click Card 1 and select structure actuator 5 Waveform TABLE ACTUATOR LVDT 1 STRUCTURE ACTUATOR 2 Figure 4 10 3 Right click actuator and click Add Segment waveform Card 1 Properties Add Segment Figure 4 11 4 Click Arbitrary Wave click Load select the waveform you created in Excel and then click OK 29 Arbitrary Wave Name Subwavefom Offset Scale Time T mm Time Value Figure 4 12 5 Setup necessary plots In a scope plot the x axis is time In an x vs y plot both axes are customizable zoom X CLEAR Apply Available Panels Channel Selection DAQ Group Empty Panel EVENT LOG X Channel New
81. re Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 015082 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 050362 AD Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 030276 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlIot2 Analog Input 0 346841 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 005329 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 036465 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 006301 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input 0 016992 Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot8 Analog Outpu 0 000000 Cantentl ae Sl neck nen IO seri fA nalan Figure 5 46 EU 0 000000 0 000000 0 001117 0 013138 0 386010 0 008245 0 639074 0 055222 0 042587 0 015406 0 050686 0 031247 0 348461 0 003743 0 037761 2 398403 0 016020 0 000000 n nnnnnn c 3 a lt lt lt Last Cal Due 12 13 2012 Never Never Never Never Never Never Never Never Never Never 05 16 2012 Never 05 10 2012 12 13 2012 02 19 2013 Never Finish 3 Continue clicking Next until this screen appears and then click Finish This will remove any previous offset setting the sensor to its actual reading m Path Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXI1Slot2 Analog Input LVDT2 Enter Calibration Information Commit C
82. red channels with their LVDT2 in 0 0063 0 4076 respective equations LC2 16 2 80 325 13 5 5 5 ENABLE EXTERNAL CONTROL 1 enable external control SC6000 first set the actuator 0 inches Then in the lower right panel 2 of the control screen click the blue arrow the Servo Amplifier block for the appropriate actuator Card 1 Actuator i emm 2 eS gt pe LOAD CELL B a 4 Figure 5 42 In the lower left panel click the button of the appropriate actuator under EXT INPUTS 62 L OFF O __ steucrure OFF Figure 5 43 3 Inthe lower right panel click the span gain button and set it at 100 Wii 1 Card 1 Servo Amplifier 2 Span Gain Waveform 6 8 10 1 l 100 120 140 160 180 200 0 20 40 Add To Gallery s Options yj P9X 1 cara 1 T PUMP CONTROL DAS EXT INPUTS LOW HIGH AUTOBALANCE TABLE ext cma a Stop DAS Enable Logging or Disable Logging NT mecma STRUCTURE Figure 5 44 POSITION FORCE 5 5 6 OFFSET INSTRUMENTATION 1 Click Tools Channel Scaling amp Calibration X Woarl 7ace Actuator Control and Feedback Tools View Window Help Alarm Monitor 1 Bus Monitor Model Parameter Ma
83. rer MAX Specifically steps on how to choose the Chassis in the MAX and the images of the real time controller after important steps are provided e Improved Section 5 5 Hybrid Testing Procedure with the steps to input calibration equation of the structural actuator 1 external command 2 LVDT and 3 Load cell in the workscope of the NI Veristand e Modified method of calibration structure LVDTs using MAX are provided in Section 6 4 Version 2 2 e Added command calibration section 3 2 6 Version 2 1 e Added instrumentation frame section section 3 4 3 e Updated substructure specimen information section 3 5 2 e Updated logging in hybrid testing procedure section 5 5 e Added section on UI SimCor and section 5 6 e Updated LVDT installation procedure section 6 1 e Added referenced single ended RSE note to system explorer section 6 4 Version 2 0 e Added actuator tuning procedure section 3 2 5 e Updated hybrid testing procedure section 5 5 O O More information on system mappings Revised primary control loop rate step More information on deployment procedure More information on graph setup Added instrumentation offset procedure Table of Contents 1 2 el 6 Test Methods in Earthquake Engineering lessen nnns 7 2 1 CaS static TSS ES pL
84. rkspace but you can drag more graphs from Workspace Controls if desired Displayed Screen 1 of 1 Target IP Address Empty Screen x 2 Lf x 141 218 147 2 ul M Workspace Controls 5 Setup Graph f NL Comp M2DOF WMU Cle m Boolean Indicator Hide Legend j Hide Legend 00 Decoration Hold Hold Model paused Graph Mods i Control m Numeric Control Numeric Indicator Once Tank QUE LU Y anni 14 46 m nn m ng 45 2 5 nn n2 45 NNNNA Figure 5 36 59 4 After dragging Model Control to the workspace the Item Properties box will appear Select the appropriate model and click OK Item Properties Model NL_Comp_M2DOF_WMU_ClearVersion Delete OK Cancel Figure 5 37 5 select which channels you want to appear on the graph click Setup Click on the desired channels and add them to the graph by clicking the arrow Click OK Ww Graph Channel Selection General Format amp Precision _ id Legend LVDT2 Graph Title Hold Graph V Allow Resize Autoscale X Off ali Channels Legend Text Variable History Length 20 0 LX Upd
85. t the data from metric 32 5 The slope of the linear section on the plot is the stiffness of the specimen QST Force Displacement Response 800 600 400 200 Force Ib 200 7745 A 05 0 05 1 15 Displacement Figure 4 21 4 4 Shake Table Testing with Earthquake Record NOTE e The earthquake data must be saved in two columns where the first column is time and the second is displacement commands The data has to be only in txt file format which can be created using Excel spreadsheet e Units must only be SI system as the SC6000 reads only SI units Units are seconds for Time and meters for Displacement Location of the EQ data files on SC6000 controller PC All the EQ txt files are saved under a folder by name EQ data which can be reached by the following link C Program Files Shore Western Mfg SWCS WAVEFORMS EQ EQ data 33 Table 4 1 Available earthquake motions summary Time of i Time of Magnit Scale Displacement M ude Factor g Acce sec NORTHR MULOO9 67 8 04 13 23 Northridge NORTHR MUL279 4 52 Northridge NORTHR LOSOO0 6 4 67 Northridge NORTHR LOS270 6 5 02 Northridge DUZCE BOLOOO 4 10 75 7 34 Duzce Turkey 1075 DUZCE BOLO90 10 79 13 69 11 08 2 99 Duzce Turkey HECTOR HECOO0 5 98 7 Hector Mine HECTOR HECO90 71 0 0 18 8 42 8 8 Hector Mine IMPVALL H DLT262 Imperial Valley IMPV
86. tem Definition File in NI VeriStand 1 Launch VeriStand and make sure that the Target IP address is the same as below Active Project Workspace file Target IP address 141 218 1482 Figure 5 15 2 create a new system definition file click the two blue arrows Click the open file icon and enter name for your system definition file Click OK RA NI VeriStand Getting Started es 57 File User Help Workspace file C Users Public Documents National Instruments VeriStand Libraries and Support Files Workspace Files PseudoDynamicSimulation nee 1 ee 11 ol Current system definition file C Users Public Documents National Instruments VeriStand Libraries and Support Files System Definitions Fall2012 in4 Do you want to E Sinewave Replace with a new system definition file Demo CAUsersMPublic Documents National Instruments Libraries and Support Files System Definitions Fall2012 in4 Browse Use an existing system definition file VeriStand Add Ons Figure 5 16 52 3 Click System Explorer and expand Hardware and Chassis Click and select Device 5 id Fall2012 taf Controller s Hardware Si Chassis DO fe FPGA a9 Timing and Sync qu Custom Devices DAQ DAQ contains any NI DAQ devices you add Figure 5 17 4 Make sure th
87. testing system is a Servo Quality 10 gom Model 110 115 It sends hydraulic fluid to both actuators with a 20 horsepower electric motor to pump up to 10 gpm at 3000 psi The hydraulic oil passes through a 3 micron high pressure filter The HPS contains control buttons to switch between high and low pressure as well as an on off button It also has an emergency stop button which allows the immediate shut down of the pump and keeps the pump from turning on until the problem is corrected Figure 3 2 Hydraulic Power Supply 3 2 2 Hydraulic Controller SC6000 The manufacturer s generic hydraulic controller adopted herein is a 2 channel one for each actuator desk top controller called Shore Western SC6000 It uses Windows XP operating system and commands the entire hydraulic system including the on off switch the pressure of the HPS and the two actuators motions The controller connects the hydraulic system via input output connectors which are attached to the load cells LVDTs servo valves service manifolds and the HPS It uses a proportional integral derivative controller for displacement control of the actuators Having a user graphical interface the controller can be easily operated to adjust control parameters run tests record feedback and tune the system to reach its optimum performance See the SC6000 Manual for detailed operation instructions The hydraulic controller is also capable of tracking external command for real time operat
88. torial instructions 2 Test Methods in Earthquake Engineering There are several common testing methods including quasi static loading testing QST shake table testing STT effective force testing EFT pseudodynamic PSD testing and real time dynamic hybrid testing RTDHT When these experiments are conducted only on the physical substructure and combined with numerical simulation of the remaining numerical substructure they are defined as hybrid testing during which the seismic response of the entire system is obtained 2 1 Quasi Static Testing The QST method involves slowly applying predefined cyclic displacement or force history to a test structure using hydraulic actuators QST is generally used for single structural elements or simple subassemblages to obtain their hysteretic responses that can be used to predict the seismic performance in some cases However QST does not capture the specimen inertia effects that are associated with the dynamic nature of seismic loadings 2 2 Shake Table Testing The STT is a dynamic testing method during which a structural specimen is mounted on a shake table that will simulate an earthquake ground motion The effect of inertia force on the structure is naturally developed and can be directly observed and measured STT allows realistic representation of earthquake effects on the structure under investigation however the size of the structure being tested is limited to the size of the shake table It
89. tup change the File Format from TDMS to ASCII and select Out of Limits under Logging Type inf into the File Size Limit box 67 Vue BOs Calibration Files Logging Configured Log Files ET New File orma ASCI Auto Segment Add New File Logging Status Logging Path Qut of Limits Upper Limit Lower Limit Log Rate 0 010 seconds sample Figure 5 55 4 Click the open folder icon and select Model Time under the appropriate model Log Settings Channels a Controller gm Hardware Simulation Models Models Comp_M2DOF_WMU_ClearVersion NL Comp M2DOF WMU ClearVersion 5109 Execution Model Command Outports NL Comp M2DOF WMU ClearVersion 1 deme Similis Upper Limit Lower Limit eis JE Log Rate 0 010 seconds sample Figure 5 56 5 Click the Channels tab and select the channels you need to record It is recommended to always select Model Time first and external commands EXT1 and or EXT2 second Then desired sensor data should be selected 68 Log Settings Channels Channels Currently Selected Channels iiu Controller 5 Hardware E amp Chassis pf DAQ El jg PXILSIot2 v Analog Input AID 2 D 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 BREEGRERREBRE LC2 c LVDT2 3 Y Anal
90. ware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXIL Slot2 Analog Input Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXIIL Slot2 Analog Input Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXH Slot2 Analog Input Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXIL Slot2 Analog Input Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXIL Slot2 Analog Input Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXIL Slot2 Analog Input Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXILSlot2 Analog Input Controller Hardware Chassis DAQ PXH Slot8 Analog Outpu NANINVM nalan Ouen Figure 5 48 Volts 0 046800 0 000000 0 000469 0 013138 0 386334 0 002737 0 639398 0 054574 0 042587 0 011842 0 050362 0 030599 0 349433 0 000145 0 038409 0 001117 0 015048 0 000000 n nnnnnn EU 0 000000 0 000000 0 001441 0 012490 0 385686 0 002089 0 639722 0 055546 0 041939 0 014110 0 049715 0 030276 0 347813 0 003385 0 038085 2 705190 0 016992 0 000000 n nnnnnn Last Cal Due a 12 13 2012 02 19 2013 Never Never Never m Never Newer Never Never Never Never Never 05262012 Never 05 10 2012 12 13 2012 02 19 2013 Never Alasene Next gt Setup Hide Legend Hold __ Autoscale X Off p Once Setup Hide Legend Hold Autoscale

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