Epic Vim Tutorial - University of Western Ontario
Contents
1. LESSON 4 4 gt Place the cursor on any or in the line Type the character The cursor will move to the matching parenthesis bracket or brace Type again to move the cursor to the other matching element Move the cursor to another or and see what does NOTE This is very useful in debugging a program with unmatched parentheses 11 Epic Vim Tutorial Jeff Shantz lt xQcsd uwo ca x jshantz gt June 29 2011 Lesson 4 5 The Substitute Command Type Type Type s old new g to substitute new for old on the current line s o1d new g to substitute new for old on every line s old new g where are numbers that specify a range of lines in which the substitution is to be performed Move the cursor to the line marked LESSON 4 5 gt Type s thee the and press Enter Note that this command only changes the first occurrence of thee in the line Now type s thee the g and press Enter Adding the g flag means to substitute globally in the line change all occurrences of thee in the line Type s errroor errors g and press Enter to change every instance of errroor to errors Type s errors error gc and press Enter to change every instance of errors to error confirming each substitution Change all instances of e to a on all lines between lines 3 and 7 inclusive To do this specify a range to the s command as shown above Press u to undo you2. Download the file http bit ly fixvim List the contents of the directory You should now see a script fixvim sh Make the script executable If you don t recall how to do this see Part 2 in the assignment 1 description Run the fixvim sh script Remember get in the habit of typing fixvim sh instead of fixvim sh since the current directory is not in the PATH on most systems Log out and SSH back into obelix Change back to the lab1 directory Reopen the file lessoni 3 c in vim Marvel at its beauty Praise your TA Consider buying him a Diet Pepsi with lime Press i to enter insert mode Try using the arrow keys PgUp PgDown and backspace keys Marvel at their utility Praise your TA Consider buying him an Amazon com gift card Exit vim without saving any changes Lesson 1 4 Text Editing Deletion Press x in normal mode to delete the character under the cursor Open the file lesson1 Move the cursor to the line marked LESSON 1 4 gt To fix the first error move the cursor until it is on top of the character to be deleted Press the x key to delete the unwanted character Repeat until the sentence is correct Lesson 1 5 Text Editing Insertion Press i in normal mode to insert text Le Move the cursor to the line marked LESSON 1 5 gt Epic Vim Tutorial Jeff Shantz lt xQcsd uwo ca x jshantz gt June 29 2011 To make the first line the same as the second
3. Remember that you should be learning by doing and not memorization http en wikipedia org wiki Pwn 3http bit 1y omgpwniesbib Epic Vim Tutorial Jeff Shantz lt xQcsd uwo ca x jshantz gt June 29 2011 Lesson 3 3 The Change Operator To change until the end of a word type ce 1 Move the cursor to the line marked LESSON 3 3 gt 2 Place the cursor on the u in lubw 3 Type ce and the correct word in this case type ine 4 Press Esc to return to normal mode Move to the next character that needs to be changed 5 Repeat these steps until the first line matches the second Notice that ce deletes the word starting from the character under the cursor and places you in insert mode Lesson 3 4 More Changes Using c The change operator is used with the same motions as delete The format is number c motion The motions are the same such as w word and end of line 1 Move the cursor to the line marked LESSON 3 4 gt 2 Move the cursor so that it rests on the s in some 3 Type c and type the rest of the line like the second 4 Press Esc to return to normal mode 5 Exit Vim without saving any changes NOTE You can use the Backspace key to correct mistakes while typing Epic Vim Tutorial Jeff Shantz lt xQcsd uwo ca x jshantz gt June 29 2011 4 Finding and Replacing In this section you ll see how to go directly to specific lines You ll also learn how to find and repla
4. all the errors on the line using the x command Type U to return the line to its original state Type u a few times to undo the U and preceding commands Now type Ctrl r hold the Ctrl key while hitting r a few times to redo the commands undo the undo s Commit these commands to memory You will use them all the time Exit vim without saving changes Epic Vim Tutorial Jeff Shantz lt xQcsd uwo ca x jshantz gt June 29 2011 3 Put Replace and Change Prerequisites 1 Close your eyes 2 Picture an emacs or pico user in your head 3 Shake your head condescendingly 4 Extra points if you snort in derision yow re a Vi user now Own it In fact pun it Lesson 3 1 The Put Command Type p to put previously deleted text after the cursor 1 Open the file lesson3 in vim 2 Move the cursor to the line marked LESSON 3 1 gt 3 Type dd to delete the line and store it in a Vim register 4 Move the cursor to the c line ABOVE where the deleted line should go 5 Type p to put the line below the cursor 6 Repeat these steps to put all the lines in correct order Lesson 3 2 The Replace Command Type rx to replace the character at the cursor with x 1 Move the cursor to the line marked LESSON 3 2 gt 2 Move the cursor so that it is on top of the first error 3 Type r and then the character which should be there 4 Repeat these steps until the first line matches the second NOTE
5. in vim 3 Move to the buggy line by typing n where n is the line number on which the error was reported 4 Fix the bug in the code 10 Epic Vim Tutorial Jeff Shantz lt xQcsd uwo ca x jshantz gt June 29 2011 Move to the top of the file by typing 1 Move to the bottom of the file by typing Save the file and exit Recompile the file hello buggy c Run the resulting hello executable Remember get in the habit of typing hello instead of hello Lesson 4 3 The Search Command Type followed by a phrase to search for the phrase in the forward direction Type followed by a phrase to search for the phrase in the backward direction Type n to repeat the search Type N to repeat the search in the opposite direction a w Open the file lesson4 in vim Type the character Notice that it and the cursor appear at the bottom of the screen as with the command Type errroor and press Enter This is the word for which you want to search Search for the same phrase again by typing n 5 Search for the same phrase in the opposite direction by typing N To go back to where you came from press Ctr1 0 Repeat to go back further Ctrl I goes forward NOTE When the search reaches the end of the file it will continue at the start unless the wrapscan option has been reset Lesson 4 4 Matching Parentheses Search Type to find a matching or Move the cursor to the line marked
6. mode but every typed character deletes an existing character It is often called overwrite mode in word processing software Lesson 6 4 Copying and Pasting Use the y operator to copy yank text Use the p operator to paste put yanked text after the cursor Use the P operator to paste put yanked text before the cursor 1 By searching for 6 4 using the command move the cursor to the line marked LESSON 6 4 gt 2 Place the cursor after a 3 Enter visual mode by pressing v Move the cursor to just before first 4 Press y to yank the highlighted text 5 Move the cursor to the end of the next line by typing j remember j moves down while moves to the end of the current line 6 Press p to put the yanked text after the cursor 7 Press a to append text and type second Be sure to include the period 8 Press Esc to return to normal mode 9 Move the cursor to the space right after first 10 Press v to enter visual mode and select the text item including the space before the word but not including the period after 16 Epic Vim Tutorial Jeff Shantz lt xQcsd uwo ca x jshantz gt June 29 2011 11 Press y to yank the text 12 Move the cursor to the period at the end of the next line 13 To paste the yanked text before the period press P Lesson 6 5 More on Copying and Pasting Type yy to copy the current line Type 5yy to copy the next five lines including the current line Type yw to co
7. move the cursor on top of the first character AFTER where the text is to be inserted Press i and type in the necessary additions Repeat until the sentence is correct Lesson 1 6 Text Editing Appending Press Press a to append text next to the current cursor position A to append text at the end of the line Move the cursor to the first line marked LESSON 1 6 gt Move the cursor so that it sits upon the e in te Press a and type in the necessary addition Press Esc to return to normal mode Move the cursor to the second line marked LESSON 1 6 gt It does not matter on what character the cursor is located Press A and type in the necessary additions Press Esc to return to normal mode NOTE i a and A all go to the same insert mode the only difference is where the characters are inserted Lesson 1 7 Saving Reopening Press Press Press Press Press Press w filename to save to a new file named filename qw filename to save to a new file named filename and exit e filename to open filename e filename to open filename without saving any current changes e to reopen the current file e to reopen the current file without saving any current changes Save the current file as lessoni done using the appropriate w command above Open the file lessoni using the appropriate e command above Press i to enter insert mode Add a few words to the file Press Esc to ret
8. normal mode To enter a command in vim you must always be in normal mode 2 To quit vim type q 3 Observe that you are prevented from exiting since there are unsaved changes To save changes you can use wq which means write and quit To quit without saving your changes you can use q which tells vim to exit immediately 4 Exit vim without saving your changes 5 Open the file lessoni again in vim 6 Press i to enter insert mode Type any word of your choosing 7 Exit vim but this time save your changes Lesson 1 3 Fixing vim vim is a powerful editor but it s not very useful that we can t use the arrow keys in insert mode It would also be nice to see some colour when we re editing code and line numbers would be great too Fortunately your faithful TA has created a shell script that will fix up your vim editor on GAUL so that your arrow PgUp PgDn and Backspace keys work properly and your code is syntax highlighted with numbered lines We won t concern ourselves with how this script works instead we ll just run it and enjoy the result 1 Open the file lessoni 3 c in vim Epic Vim Tutorial Jeff Shantz lt xQcsd uwo ca x jshantz gt June 29 2011 10 11 12 Notice that it is bland and dreary lacking line numbers syntax highlighting and if you will a certain je ne sais quot Close vim Let s fix things up and put some spunk into our text editing Get excited I know I am
9. THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO Epic Vim Tutorial June 29 2011 Author Jeff Shantz Heavily adapted from Vim Tutor 1 7 written by Michael C Pierce Robert K Ware Charles Smith and Bram Moolenaar Epic Vim Tutorial Jeff Shantz lt xQcsd uwo ca x jshantz gt June 29 2011 Contents 1 Introduction to Vim 1 a A A A BR BB ee le de i A 1 LI Moying the Cursor s soer to ae RA we a Pe ee ee eee Bw a 1 Lo Pee VN ok ee a we ee a a a Bek RA ew Bote A 2 La Pee Vin 2 2 24 042 82 ced eee eee ed eee eee eae eb ed ee ee dee ee 2 1 4 Text Editing Deletion 00 000 2 ee 3 Lo Test eta Wigs nc a a eR ee Ge o ee As 3 16 Text Editing Appemdin sc cora w 20 6494S bo eS a a aa Se Re Se ee EO 4 LT Saving Reopening sanos RE hh Oe EERE A RG RRS RES 4 2 Moving Around and Deleting Things 5 21 Deletion Commands e sosea cas eee eee ee a 5 2 2 More Deletion Commands 0 00 ee ee 5 2 3 On Operators and Motions 1 0 a 6 24 Using a Count lora Motion da 20 04 4003 bee Ae eee ee Re 6 2 5 Using a Count to Delete More aa 6 20 Uporabne on LINES ee cw ec eR ea Pe ee ek a CA ee be ee ee 7 2 7 The Undo Redo Commands o oec oc occse reres 4 248524444054 240 44 7 3 Put Replace and Change 8 PISTSQUISTMES ia Gc dP A de AE EA Sw A Se A a A 8 Dek The Put Command os sor tord ee O ee ee ee es ee we Pe A kad 8 3 2 The Replace Command gt s 4 6 2 44 880 Ge ar aa eae ee RS Sa ee 8 So The hanes Operator ocur
10. bob Ge ee ee ew ee ee ED eG ae 9 3 4 More Changes Using E a e 9 4 Finding and Replacing 10 4 1 Cursor Location and File Status e a ee 10 4 2 Another Way to Move to Specific Lines e ee 10 4 3 The Search Command s sa si csi Ra eR EER eR ee ee ee ek ee 11 4 4 Matching Parentheses Search 2 2 ee namra neeaae sea 11 Epic Vim Tutorial Jeff Shantz lt xQcsd uwo ca x jshantz gt June 29 2011 7 8 4 5 The Substitute Command Shell Commands Selecting and Merging 5 1 Executing an External Command 5 2 Dropping to the Shell 5 3 Running a Command on a Selection 5 4 Retrieving and Merging Files More Advanced Editing 6 1 The Open Command 6 2 The Jo Command s s s ss s uses ies 6 3 Replace Mode 624644688 454 25 oad as 6 4 Copying and Pasting 0 6 5 More on Copying and Pasting Vim The Programmer s Editor T1 Teatre o ositos be Sa ee hE Se a tee BORME os loa a ee ri a A a 7 3 Visual Block Mode o 7 4 Working in Split Screen Gp Amo Compleon se A a ee S 7 6 Incrementing Decrementing Numbers Where to Go From Here 8 1 Getting Help lt a risada taessa ee ee ee iii Epic Vim Tutorial Jeff Shantz lt xQcsd uwo ca x jshantz gt June 29 2011 1 Introduction to Vim Vim i
11. ce it is useful to know the other way to move around k Hint The h key is at the left and moves left lt h 1 gt The 1 key is at the right and moves right The j key looks like a down arrow The k key is well just the k key and moves up gu Many vi vim users claim that by using hjkl you will be able to move around much faster once you get used to it Really 1 Open the file lesson1 in Vim by typing Epic Vim Tutorial Jeff Shantz lt xQcsd uwo ca x jshantz gt June 29 2011 vim lessoni 2 Without using the arrow keys move the cursor to the start of the text that reads MOVE HERE FIRST 3 Without using the arrow keys move the cursor to the start of the text that reads MOVE HERE NEXT 4 Without using the arrow keys move the cursor to the start of the text that reads THEN MOVE HERE 5 Press i to enter insert mode Try using the hjkl keys to move around Notice that they don t work This is because these keys are only used in normal mode Press Esc to return to normal mode 6 Try using the hjk1 keys again to move around Notice that they once again work 7 Press i to enter insert mode Try using the arrow keys to move around Notice again that they don t work 8 Type a word and try using the backspace key Notice that it doesn t work properly We will see how to fix these problems shortly Lesson 1 2 Exiting vim Type q to quit Type q to quit without saving changes 1 Press Esc to return to
12. ce text Lesson 4 1 Cursor Location and File Status Press Ctrl1 G to show your location in the file and the file status Press G to move to a line in the file 1 Open the file lesson4 in vim 2 Notice the status bar at the bottom of the screen This is caller the ruler 3 Move down a few lines with the arrow keys Notice that the line number is updated in the ruler 4 Move to the right a few characters with the arrow keys Notice that the column number is updated in the ruler 5 By default the ruler is not turned on in vim It was automatically enabled for you when you ran fixvim sh Turn off the ruler temporarily by typing set noruler 6 Now vim appears as it would by default To find out the location of the cursor press Ctr1 G A message will appear at the bottom of the screen with the filename and the position in the file Remember the line number for a moment 7 Press G to move to the bottom of the file 8 Type gg to move to the start of the file 9 Type the number of the line you were on and then G This will return you to the line you were on earlier 10 Exit vim without saving any changes Lesson 4 2 Another Way to Move to Specific Lines Type linenum to move to line linenum Type 1 to move to the first line Type to move to the last line 1 Compile the file hello buggy c gcc o hello hello buggy c Observe the line number reported in the first error message output by gcc 2 Open the file hello buggy c
13. ess column without selecting the names or provinces states 5 Observe that you can t do it since visual mode selects the entire line when you press the down arrow key Press Esc to exit visual mode 6 Move back to the start of the first email address in the file 7 Press Ctrl v to enter visual block mode 8 Using the arrow keys select all email addresses in the file without selecting the names or provinces s tates 9 Once all email addresses are selected press y to yank all the email addresses We will use the yanked email addresses in the next lesson Lesson 7 4 Working in Split Screen Type sp to open the current file in a horizontal split Type vsp to open the current file in a vertical split Type sp FILE to open FILE in a horizontal split Type vsp FILE to open FILE in a vertical split Press Ctrl w arrow to move between splits 1 Type sp email to open a new file email in a split screen 19 Epic Vim Tutorial Jeff Shantz lt xQcsd uwo ca x jshantz gt June 29 2011 10 11 12 13 Your cursor will now be in the email screen Press p to paste the email addresses yanked in the previous lesson Press Ctrl w and then press the down arrow key to move back to the users screen Move to the start of the first line Enter visual block mode and select all names in the file without selecting any email addresses or provinces states Press y to yank the selected names Type vsp name
14. mode in which individual characters are selected 9 Type sort r unig to sort the list in descending lexicographical order and remove all dupli cates Lesson 5 4 Retrieving and Merging Files Type r FILE to insert the contents of FILE 1 Type 1s You should see the file numbers in the directory listing 2 Place your cursor on the blank line between the two lists 3 Retrieve the file numbers by typing r numbers The contents of the file are placed below the line on which the cursor is resting 4 You can also retrieve the output of an external command Move to the bottom of the file by typing 5 Type r 1s la to run the 1s command and insert its output below the line on which the cursor is resting 6 Exit Vim without saving any changes 14 Epic Vim Tutorial Jeff Shantz lt xQcsd uwo ca x jshantz gt June 29 2011 6 More Advanced Editing Lesson 6 1 The Open Command Press o to open up in insert mode on the line below the cursor Press 0 to open up in insert mode on the line above the cursor 10 Open the file lesson6 in vim Move the cursor to the line marked LESSON 6 1 gt Type o to open up a line BELOW the cursor and place you in insert mode Type some text Press Esc to return to normal mode Type O to open up a line ABOVE the cursor and place you in insert mode Type some text Press Esc to return to normal mode You can add a line at the end of a file using o T
15. peat these steps with different numbers Lesson 2 5 Using a Count to Delete More Typing a number with an operator repeats it that many times In the combination of the delete operator and a motion mentioned above you insert a count before typing d to delete more number d motion Epic Vim Tutorial Jeff Shantz lt xQcsd uwo ca x jshantz gt June 29 2011 Move the cursor to the line marked LESSON 2 5 gt Move the cursor to the first UPPER CASE word in this line Type 2dw to delete the two UPPER CASE words Repeat these steps with a different count to delete the consecutive UPPER CASE words with one command Lesson 2 6 Operating on Lines Type dd to delete a whole line Due to the frequency of whole line deletion the designers of Vi decided it would be easier to simply type two 1 o FF Ww N d s to delete a line Move the cursor to the line marked LESSON 2 6 gt Move the cursor to the second phrase Type dd to delete the line Now move to the fourth phrase Type 2dd to delete two lines Lesson 2 7 The Undo Redo Commands Press u to undo the last command Press U to fix a whole line Press Ctrl r to redo the last command undone 1 oN DO om BF w N 10 Move the cursor to the line marked LESSON 2 7 gt Place the cursor on the first error Type x to delete the first unwanted character Now type u to undo the last command executed This time fix
16. py the current word 1 Move the cursor to the line marked LESSON 6 5 gt 2 Copy the entire line by typing yy 3 Paste the yanked line below by pressing p 4 Move back up one line 5 Copy two lines including the current by typing 2yy 6 Press P to paste them above the current line 7 Press w a few times until the cursor is at the start of the word a 8 Press 2yw to yank the next two words including a 9 Open up a new line in insert mode below the current line by pressing o 10 Press Esc to return to normal mode 11 Press p to paste the yanked words 12 Exit vim without saving changes 17 Epic Vim Tutorial Jeff Shantz lt xQcsd uwo ca x jshantz gt June 29 2011 7 Vim The Programmer s Editor Lesson 7 1 Indenting Press Press Press Press Press 10 11 12 gt gt to shift right lt lt to shift left gt in visual mode to shift right lt in visual mode to shift left in visual mode to auto indent Open the file lesson7 c in vim Move to the first printf statement in the say_hello function Type gt gt to shift the line to the right Press to repeat the last command Type lt lt to shift the line to the left Move to the line containing the if statement in the fact function Press v to enter visual mode Move down to the return statement in the same function so that the entire body of the function is selected Press gt to shift the selected tex
17. r changes Press Ctrl r to redo your changes Exit vim without saving any changes 12 Epic Vim Tutorial Jeff Shantz lt xQcsd uwo ca x jshantz gt June 29 2011 5 Shell Commands Selecting and Merging Lesson 5 1 Executing an External Command Type followed by an external command to execute that command 1 Open the file lesson5 in vim 2 Type the familiar command to set the cursor at the bottom of the screen This allows you to enter a command line command 3 Now type the character This allows you to execute any external shell command 4 As an example type 1s after the and press Enter This will show you a listing of your directory just as if you were at the shell prompt 5 Press Enter to return to vim Notes e It is possible to execute any external command this way You can also specify arguments if needed such as ls la e All commands must be terminated by pressing Enter Henceforth this will be assumed and not explicitly mentioned Lesson 5 2 Dropping to the Shell Press Ctrl z to pause vim and drop to the shell Type fg to resume vim bring it back to the foreground 1 Sometimes while editing a file it is useful to drop to the shell to perform a task To do so press Ctrl z 2 Notice that vim is now stopped paused in the background You can now use the shell as you please 3 When ready to return to vim type fg and press Enter This puts vim back in the foreground Le
18. s a very powerful editor that has many commands too many to explain in a single lab This lab is designed to describe enough of the commands that you will be able to easily use Vim as an all purpose editor It is important to remember that this lab is set up to teach by use That means that you need to execute the commands to learn them properly If you only read the text you will forget the commands Prerequisites Before beginning this lab please perform the following tasks 1 SSH into obelix 2 Create the directory displayed below without running mkdir more than once To do this pass the p option to mkdir to create parent directories as needed See the manpage for mkdir for more details courses cs2211 labs labi 3 Change to the previous directory by typing the following The argument is a shortcut that references the last argument in the previous command typed cd 4 Using the wget utility download the lab 1 archive from the following URL http bit ly cs2211b_labl 5 Extract the tarball downloaded to the current directory See the assignment 1 description if you can t remember how to do so Remember to use gtar on GAUL but tar just about everywhere else Lesson 1 1 Moving the Cursor In this lesson you ll learn how to move around in vim There are two ways to do so In some cases you may be able to use the arrow keys However if you are using the older vi editor the arrow keys may not work Hen
19. s to open a new file names in a vertical split screen Press p to paste the yanked names Using Ctrl w and the arrow keys move back to the email screen Press wq to save and close the email screen If necessary using Ctrl w and the arrow keys move back to the names screen Press wq to save and close the names screen Exit vim without saving any changes Lesson 7 5 Auto Completion Press Ctrl n to scroll forward through auto completions for words in the current document Press Ctrl p to scroll backward through auto completions for words in the current document Open the file Lesson7 java Move to the line that contains Insert code below this line Press o to open up in insert mode on the next line Type throw new Ex Press Ctrl n Notice that the first auto completion Example appears Press Ctrl n again This time Exception should appear Press Ctrl n again You should be back to the original Ex Press Ctrl p to move back to Exception Type O to finish the line of code 20 Epic Vim Tutorial Jeff Shantz lt xQcsd uwo ca x jshantz gt June 29 2011 Lesson 7 6 Incrementing Decrementing Numbers Press Ctrl a to increment the next number on the current line Press Ctrl x to decrement the next number on the current line 1 Press Enter to move to the next line in Example7 java 2 Type the following code int i 0 long j 1 3 Press Esc to return to normal mode 4 Ensure the cur
20. sor is on the line you just typed and press O to move to the start of the line 5 Press Ctrl a to increment the value of variable i by 1 6 Type 4 and then press Ctrl a to increment the value of variable i by 4 The variable should now be assigned the value 5 7 Press w to move past the value 5 to the semi colon 8 Type 3 and then press Ctrl x to decrement the value of variable j by 3 The variable should now be assigned the value 2 21 Epic Vim Tutorial Jeff Shantz lt xQcsd uwo ca x jshantz gt June 29 2011 8 Where to Go From Here Lesson 8 1 Getting Help Vim has a comprehensive online help system To get started simply type help and press Enter e Read the text in the help window to find out how the help works e Type Ctrl w Ctrl w to jump from one window to another e Type q and press Enter to close the help window You can find help on just about any subject by giving an argument to the help command Try these don t forget to press Enter e help w e help c_CTRL D e help insert index e help user manual 22
21. sson 5 3 Running a Command on a Selection Press v to enter visual mode Press V to enter visual line mode Type cmd while a block is selected to execute cmd on the block 1 Move the cursor to the top of the file by typing 1 2 Press v This takes you into visual mode 3 Using the arrow keys move down to the bottom of the first list so that the entirety of the first list is selected Be sure to select the entirety of the last line by using the right arrow key 13 Epic Vim Tutorial Jeff Shantz lt xQcsd uwo ca x jshantz gt June 29 2011 4 Press At the bottom of the screen you will see lt gt Do not delete this text It specifies the range on which the command we will execute will operate 5 Type sort This executes the external sort command passing to it the block of text that you selected The output from the sort command then replaces the originally selected list 6 Notice that only the first list is sorted since that was the list that was selected The second list was not selected so it was not passed to the sort command 7 You can run any shell commands that you wish on a selected block of text Notice that the second list has duplicates in it Move the cursor to the first line in the second list 8 Press V to enter visual line mode Using the arrow keys select the entirety of the second list Notice that in this mode each line is selected when you use the arrows keys This is contrast to visual
22. t to the right Indent the two return statements with gt gt Select the body of the main function excluding the braces Press to auto indent the function Lesson 7 2 Folding Type Type Type Type fold in visual mode to fold the selected text za to toggle a fold open and closed zR to open all folds zM to close all folds Go to line 3 by typing 3 Press V to enter visual line mode There is no particular reason to use visual line mode over visual mode here it is just used to give you practice using both modes Select the entire say_hello function including closing brace Type You will see lt gt appear in the status bar at the bottom of the screen Do not delete this text 18 Epic Vim Tutorial Jeff Shantz lt xQcsd uwo ca x jshantz gt June 29 2011 5 Type fold and press Enter This will fold the say hello function which is quite useful when you have a lot of functions and want to avoid distraction 6 Follow the steps above to fold the fact function 7 Return to line 3 8 Open the fold by typing za 9 Close the fold by typing za again 10 Open all folds by typing zR 11 Close all folds by typing zM 12 Exit vim without saving changes Lesson 7 3 Visual Block Mode Press Ctrl v to enter visual block mode 1 Open the file users in vim 2 Move to the start of the first email address in the file 3 Press v to enter visual mode 4 Try selecting only the email addr
23. the cursor to the line marked LESSON 2 2 gt 2 Move the cursor to the end of the correct sentence AFTER the first 3 Type d to delete to the end of the line We ll see what is happening here in the next lesson Epic Vim Tutorial Jeff Shantz lt xQcsd uwo ca x jshantz gt June 29 2011 Lesson 2 3 On Operators and Motions Many commands that change text are made from an operator and a motion The format for a delete command with the d delete operator is as follows d motion where e d is the delete operator e motion is what the operator will operate on listed below A short list of motions e w until the start of the next word EXCLUDING its first character e e to the end of the current word INCLUDING the last character e to the end of the line INCLUDING the last character Thus typing de will delete from the cursor to the end of the word NOTE Pressing just the motion while in normal mode without an operator will move the cursor as specified So pressing e will move to the end of the current word while press will move to the end of the line Lesson 2 4 Using a Count for a Motion Typing a number before a motion repeats it that many times 1 Move the cursor to the line marked LESSON 2 4 gt 2 Type 2w to move the cursor two words forward Type 3e to move the cursor to the end of the third word forward Ee 0 Type 0 zero to move to the start of the line 5 Re
24. urn to normal mode Type e to reload the current file Notice that you are prevented from doing so since there are unsaved changes Use e to force the reload of the current file Epic Vim Tutorial Jeff Shantz lt xQcsd uwo ca x jshantz gt June 29 2011 6 Press i to enter insert mode Add a few words to the file 7 Press Esc to return to normal mode Type e lessoni done to load lesson1 done 8 Notice that you are prevented from doing so since there are unsaved changes Use e lessoni done to force the loading of lesson1 done 9 Exit saving the current file as lesson1 final 2 Moving Around and Deleting Things In this section you ll learn ways to move around more efficiently in vim along with various methods for deleting characters words and lines You ll also take a look at vim s undo and redo functionality Lesson 2 1 Deletion Commands Type dw to delete a word 1 Open the file lesson2 in vim 2 Move the cursor to the line marked LESSON 2 1 gt 3 Move the cursor to the beginning of a word that needs to be deleted 4 Type dw to make the word disappear NOTE The letter d will appear on the last line of the screen as you type it Vim is waiting for you to type w If you see another character than d then you typed something wrong press Esc and start over 5 Repeat until the sentence is correct Lesson 2 2 More Deletion Commands Type d to delete to the end of the line 1 Move
25. ype to move to the last line in the file Type o to add a new line at the end of the file Press Esc to return to normal mode Similarly you can add a line at the top of a file using O Type 1 to move to the first line in the file Type O to add a new line at the top of the file Press Esc to return to normal mode Lesson 6 2 The Join Command Press J to join two lines 1 Move the cursor to the line marked LESSON 6 2 gt Type J to join the line below with the current line Type 3J to join the two lines below with the current line Type 5J to join the four lines below with the current line We ve joined too many lines Press u to undo the last join 15 Epic Vim Tutorial Jeff Shantz lt xQcsd uwo ca x jshantz gt June 29 2011 Lesson 6 3 Replace Mode Type rx to replace the character at the cursor with x Type R to enter replace mode allowing you to replace more than one character 1 Move the cursor to the line marked LESSON 6 3 gt 2 Move the cursor to the beginning of the first xxx by pressing w several times 3 Type r4 to replace the x under the cursor with 4 Observe that using r we can only replace one character at a time 4 Type R to enter replace mode and then type 456 Observe that in replace mode we can replace as many characters as we like 5 Press Esc to return to normal mode Repeat the above step to replace the remaining xxx NOTE Replace mode is like insert
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