ATENA Program Documentation Part 4
Contents
1. Results 1 I5 Krokstpo z JREJL EE aB Springs Forces MNQ Equiibrium axes cts ze nice The zoom button can be used to display mn a detailed picture of a critical part of in nodes A Frrenaengnesmasen Sl 0 ae za the structure Scalars areacontour areas asi 175E 03 gt None Principal Engineering Strain I I Figure 67 The post processing window with zoom rendering and principal vectors of maximal principal strains for the last load step 40 If a user selects the item show with label the numerical values of the principal strains will be displayed as well ATENA Atena 2D Reinforced beam E Atena Plus Examples Atena 2D TutorialiBeam Q10Sbeta cc2 File Edit Calculations Options Windows Help at Hle sE Springs Forces MNQ Equibrium axes Cracks Bar reinf Interfaces Sa ed Tem These buttons can be used to turn on the fona z display of loads and boundary conditions available only for Engineering Strain unde formed shapes If an output in element nodes is selected the results are not interpolated between elements and it is possible to observe the inter element strain l I I Figure 68 The post processing window with rendering of element data for the last load step 40 This figure shows also the undeformed configuration with support and loading conditions The undeformed shape is sele2. Joint Run E Check data B Analysis steps Monitoring points B Solution Parameters x 11092 m Y 0 191 m Figure 29 Program display after the first steel plate is defined and during the process of creating the second steel plate which is located at the point of load application 17 After the definition of macro elements for the steel plates it is necessary to change the macro element prototype properties since for the beam the concrete material is more suitable than the elastic isotropic one Clicking the button EEE changes the prototype properties Macro element prototype x AJ GHOIGGY Eaunidaty list mesh Type of elemen Quadrilaterals Element size 0 0800 m IV Smooth element shapes Ayers ohsmnearedtrentorcement Pea a operties Material Thickness 0 1900 m Quadrilateral elements CcIsoQuad IV Geometrically nonlinear entered within general data Macra Elemient x cancel Figure 30 The dialog for changing the macro element prototype properties for the beam region where concrete material model should be used z No of smeared reint layers should be ATENA Atena C Work Tutorial Beam cc2 lej x Eile Eee Input Calculations aie Windows oes Pale zZ BB ag m a AN im 72 8 active load case Assan Delete select
3. 4 4 4 Sigma xx no labels Ly 8 3S 87 2 ss e 7 4 H Activity of support display x gt H Bar reinforcement Cuts Moment ines Equilibrium axes RT HER EA A number a en v_ P 0 7050 j Sg 0 0 dose I Figure 78 The visibility of cuts moment lines or reinforcement bars can be specified from the main menu item Options Activity 47 The resulting figure can be copied to the clipboard or printed using the same procedure as it is described in Section 5 2 5 7 Diagrams of internal forces The ATENA program version 1 2 0 and younger contains a unique feature that enables the calculation of moment shear and normal forces diagrams for beam like structures The user only has to specify the center line to which the internal forces are to be calculated This moment line can be only defined in the pre processing window but it does not have to specified before the analysis It can be defined any time during the whole analysis process just by switching into the pre processing model using the button EJ The moment line definition starts in the pre processing window by selecting the item Moment lines in the data access tree in the left side of the program window After that the procedure is an analogy to the definition of reinforcement bars or cuts see Section 3 7 or 5 6 It is again possible to define the line geometry by mouse
4. E Check data B Analysis steps Monitoring points EH Solution Parameters Minimized window X 1 0344 m 0 1891 m Figure 25 The program display after the definition of all geometrical lines 3 5 Geometrical macro elements After the definition of geometrical lines the next step is to connect these lines to form regions In ATENA 2D regions are called macro elements The regions can be again defined in two ways either from the Macro element table window by selecting the button Edit and by providing a list of boundary lines or graphically using the mouse to select the boundary lines for macro elements The second and more convenient approach starts by highlighting the item Macro elements in the data access tree see Figure 26 Then the button ae should be selected After that a dialog window which is shown in Figure 27 appears for the specification of macro element properties These properties will be used in the subsequently created regions We will start with the definition of regions for the steel plates that are located at the loading point and at the vertical supports Mouse clicking selects lines that form a macro element It is possible to note that the shape of the mouse pointer changes when it is close to a particular line RX PT The button 7 can be used to edit macro element properties The button is for and oO removing macro elements and the
5. Step 2 select the button Add to Minimized window define new moment lines I I Figure 79 The procedure for the definition of moment lines for the calculation of internal forces 48 Use the above steps to define a centerline that is composed of only one linear segment starting at the coordinates 0 0 16 and extending up to the point 1 275 0 16 ATENA Atena 2D Reinforced beam E Atena Plus Examples Atena 2D TutorialiBeam Q10Sbeta cc2 Eile Edit Input Calculations Options Windows Help DSO EE mi nu aaQ JAIN eaae kraal eae Pee PARB Input 4 ox m a ee A Elate load case X Assign Delete selected Active LC no selection Beam Q1OSbeta cc2 E General data E Materials Topology Joints P Line Macro elements O Openings Bar reinforcement E Contact ambiguity Loads and supports ER Load cases Monitoring points pa Cuts 2 Moment lines Solution Parameters gt i P 0 0000 0 1600 Sg 1 2750 0 1600 I I Figure 80 The pre processing window after the specification of one moment line coordinates 0 0 16 gt 1 275 0 16 The diagram of the internal forces distribution can be obtained only when the program is in a post processing mode therefore the next step is to select the button A to enter the visualization mode There is a special sheet Moment lines in the post processing toolbar along th
6. application x 77m and set fixed in m Y direction I Figure 43 The definition of the vertical support at the bottom steel plate 25 FIGEOEBBEDBE 2 Select line 5 for support application 1 Highlight Line item in the data access tree port arieritatiGrin 1 0000 All W Macro element st Bar reinforcement EH Contact ambiguity Monitoring points E Solution Parameters 3 Click Replace button and specify fixed support in x direction FIGOEBRBE 2 Deselect all previously selected entities 1 Select load EH General data case 2 B Materials Replace prescribed displacements J Loads and supports ba E gt st cases A fea 4 3 Highlight LX GOTTEN Tel CIT jj item Joint Monitoring points E Solution Parameters 4 Select joint 10 for the load application 5 Click Replace and define direction and Figure 45 The definition of the prescribed displacement at the top steel plate in load case 2 26 3 9 Loading history and solution parameters This section describes the definition of loading history for the analysis of Leonhardt s shear beam The loading history consists of load steps Each load step is defined as a combination of load cases which had been defined previously Each load step contains also a definition of solution parameters which define solution methods that are to be used during the loa
7. SBeta Material 3D BiLinear Steel Yon Mises 2D Interface Reinforcement Cycling Reinforcement Smeared Reinforcement Figure 8 Selection of material model for the bar reinforcement Edit material 3 Reinforcement Name iEINEICZEN A Basic Miscellaneous Type Bilinear Elastic modulus E 200000 000 MPa ae 560 000 MPa Material 3 X Cancel Figure 9 The dialog for the definition of reinforcement material parameters The bi linear elastic perfectly plastic stress strain diagram is selected for this problem New material x r Material type 3D Cementitious 3D Cementitious 3D Non Linear Cementitious SBeta Material 3D BiLinear Steel Yon Mises 2D Interface Reinforcement Cycling Reinforcement Smeared Reinforcement Figure 10 Selection of SBETA material model for the concrete beam The SBETA model corresponds to the material formulation which was implemented in the program SBETA SBETA was a previous DOS version of ATENA lt N gt Material generation x aterial properties generation Rau 33 5 MPa lt Previous X Cancel Figure 11 Default values of material parameters are generated based on the cube strength of concrete For this case the cube strength should be 33 5 MPa New material 5SBeta Material x Name concrete Basic Tensile Compressive Shear Miscellaneous Elastic modulus E 3 172E 04 MPa
8. Joints gt Macro elements Openings Bar reinforcement EH Contact ambiguity Loads and supports Load cases Joint up ine un E Check data E Analysis steps Monitoring points EI Solution Parameters Connection Refinement Minimized window i Figure 21 The definition of geometrical lines begins by selecting the Line item in the data access tree The graphical definition of geometrical lines starts by clicking the button ap N Tiara aay Springs lie type fLine F l ia Iate ona End Genter m Y 0 0000 Am Radius 0 0000 rm Orientani 4 If needed spring support can be added along Mesh refinement lines Refinement method f Ei If needed mesh Add Edit Remove refinement around lin n lected Ie es can be selected x cancel Figure 22 The line prototype dialog box appears after clicking the button ap In this dialog a mesh refinement method or line springs can be specified All subsequently created lines will use this set of prototype properties 13 ATENA Atena C Work Tutorial Beam cc2 BETES File Edit Input Calculations Options Windows Help ij View RE Active load case Esjan Delete selected Active LC not available B General data B Materials Topology Joints gt Line Macro elements Openings
9. Previous X Cancel Figure 15 The dialog window for the shear properties of SBETA material New material SBeta Material X 2 300E 03 E Materials Steel plates REG Concrete sd Reinforcement Figure 17 The three materials which were defined previously can be viewed or modified from the Material table window 3 3 Geometrical joints Next step in the input data preparation should be the definition of geometrical joints The geometrical joints will be later connected to geometrical lines and macro elements i e regions Selecting the appropriate item i e Joints in the access data tree can start the definition of geometrical joints After that it is possible to continue in two ways either by selecting the button ap which will be followed by mouse picking at new joint locations or by clicking the Add button in the Joints table window Topology Springs Caan Mm m amp Drecton Mater Y coordinate 0 0000 m Mesh refinement Method of refinement No refinement Add Edit Joint 1 gt Add X Cancel Figure 18 The dialog for specifying the coordinates and properties for the newly created joints Table 1 contains the coordinates for the geometrical joints which are necessary to fully define the geometry of the Leonhard s shear beam 10 Table 1 Coordinates of the geometrical joints Coordinate x m Coo
10. cut display is controlled from the Scalar sheet in the post processing toolbar that is normally located along the left edge of the program window The combo box item Show cuts with labels must be selected in order to see the display of cut data see Figure 77 46 ATENA Atena 2D Reinforced beam E Atena PlusiExampiesiAtena utorialBeam Q10Sbeta cc2 File Edit Calculations Options Windows Help ARAARA B Results 1 Krok Step 40 eal gt IEE Springs Forces MNQ Equlibrium axes AAA The item Show cuts with labels displays the cut lines and the evolution of the selected quantity Scalars Vectors Tensors These two boxes controls which data are evaluated along the cuts I I Figure 77 The post processing window with the display of cut lines If necessary the display of certain cuts can be deactivated using the main menu item Options Activity In this dialog it is possible to define which cuts reinforcements or moment lines are to be displayed on your computer screen ATENA Atena 2D Reinforced beam E Atena Plus Examples Atena 2D TutorialBeam Q10Sbeta cc2 File Edit Calculations Options Windows Help JOFEEG Far Results 1 ioj xj Krok Step 40 WN SE ler 2 0E 01 al eel Springs Forces MNQ Equilibrium axes Cracks Bar reinf Interfaces Scalars vectors Tensors Scalars in nodes Stress
11. windows g lonier Ex d Corei PHO Tutorial Ate EAtena2D RA zsm Figure 55 The program display after the definition of monitoring points ATENA Atena C Work Tutorial Beam cc2 le x File Edit Input Calculations Options Windows Help ID Alle w 56 G sA galale r m 8 f moze a w ae BB active load case Assign Delete selected This buttons returns to E core the view of the whole i structure Joints 7 Line Macro elements O Openings Bar reinforcement ER Contact ambiguity 4 Loads and supports Load cases This button activates the zoom rectangle E Check data B Analysis steps gt Monitoring points ER Solution Parameters m Monitoring points Monitored value Value 0 3470 Nodes Applied Forces Component 2 1 2668 0 0084 Nodes Displacements Component 2 X 1 2094 m Y 0 0602 m Figure 56 The way in which the program selects the closest node for monitoring becomes more apparent after zooming at the middle section of the beam The button ESI returns the view to the state when the whole structure is displayed 32 4 FE non linear analysis 4 1 Introduction This section describes the process of running a non linear finite element analysis of the Leonhardt beam using the data that have been prepared in the previous sections of this tutorial Before finite element analysis it may be usefu
12. Bar reinforcement ER Contact ambiguity Loads and supports Load cases Joint Z a B Run E Check data EB Analysis steps Monitoring points ER Solution Parameters X 0 0751 m Y 0 2557 m Figure 23 In the graphical mode a geometrical line is defined by first selecting a line beginning and a line end joint by mouse The order of end points is not important in ATENA ATENA Atena C Work Tutorial Beam cc2 BEE File Edit Input Calculations Options Windows Help J OSBIEG a rw aaale Ine 37 he active load case Assian Delete selected Active LC not available Beam cc2 B General data ER Materials Topology Macro elements Openings Bar reinforcement ER Contact ambiguity 4 Loads and supports A Run E Check data E Analysis steps Monitoring points ER Solution Parameters x 0 0459 m Y 0 2769 m Figure 24 Program display after the definition of the first boundary line 14 ATENA Atena C Work T utorial Beam cc2 Ie x File Edit Input Calculations Options Windows Help IPSBIEG a ra aaQ EG 2 8 BPG Men Active load case Assan Delete selected Beam cc2 E General data B Materials Macro elements Openings Bar reinforcement EH Contact ambiguity Loads and support EE Load cases Mp Joint up
13. The second property sheet for the new set of solution parameters parameters for Leonhardt s beam analysis 28 Solution Parameters Of x Figure 49 The table with the newly created solution parameters ATENA Atena C Work Tutorial Beam cc2 Be lelx Eile Edit Input Calculations Options Windows Help OSW EG a ra jaaa 95 ok Active load case Ageia Delete ceeded Active LC fic 2 Beam cc2 E General data ER Materials Topology Joints P Line Macro elements Openings Bar reinforcement B contact ambiguity 4 Loads and support E Load cases Add analysis steps r Analysis step multiplier Load cases 1 2 Multiplier 1 000 Contact ary Solution Parameters B Run Solution Parameters Save load step results E Check data gt Analysis steps Monitoring points Ef Solution Parameters im Tgr steps I Figure 50 Load steps are specified using the button Add from the table of Analysis steps This table appears in the table window after highlighting the Analysis steps item in the data access tree Add analysis stepz x Analysis step tep O Lo cases Multiplier ma olution Parameters Solution Parameters v Save load step results Add X cancel Figure 51 Each step will be composed of load cases 1 and 2 The multiplier 3 will be used to multiply the applied actions and the newly created solut
14. a program crash and can result in a loss of data General Font Pre processing Crack display Font size in structure display Font size for text printout Font size mm Screen Printer Font size points Structural elements 4 000 3 000 Normal text s Finite elernent mesh 3 500 3 000 Results 8 Numerical values 3 500 3 000 Smaller title 10 Output data scale 3 500 3 000 Large title 2 Analysis progress 3 500 i X Cancel Figure 70 The dialog sheet Font controls the size of labels on the computer monitor and in the printer 40 Figure 71 The dialog sheet Crack display enables the definition of line thickness that will be used for drawing cracks with the largest opening 41 5 3 Load displacement diagrams The important information about the structural behavior can be obtained from the data collected during the analysis at the monitoring points In our case the force at the point of load application and the maximal vertical displacement were monitored The load displacement diagram can be displayed as another post processing window from the menu item Windows New Graph An empty window appears on the computer screen Next step is to select which monitored quantities are to be plotted on X and Y axes er mfZJEJ internal Forces Dof 2 3 628E 02 3 500E 02 7 650E 02 3 800E 02 ED 5 950E 02 r 1 5 100E 02 r al u
15. be used to obtain numerical data at finite element nodes elements integration points or monitoring points The text output is selected from the menu item File Text printout This selection opens the window that is shown in Figure 73 The window is composed of two main sub windows The left hand window contains a tree structure of the available data types The requested data should be checked in this tree and then by clicking the button Generate an alphanumerical output will be created in the right hand window The contents of this window can be printed saved to a file or copied to another program using the system clipboard E Atena output document lolx Generate so Rn View only T Courier New input data Results General data Materials Results from load step 40 Joints Line Macro elements Smeared reinforcement Openings Bar reinforcement Load cases Analysis steps Monitoring points Solution Parameters l R lt gt a a a I luki Output data for request ENGINEERING_STRAIN sults A j oe id Description Engineering Strain Monitoring in iterations p 3 I A Step 1 Iteration Z at Time 1 Monitoring in load steps Arc 22 828 re Soe see a a eet a cee Seco essen Load step 1 E w Nodes i None None None Reference Nodal Coordinates 8 11e 007 1 0Ze 008 1 86e 006 Current Nodal Coordinates L 1Be 006 _ 3620 007 i 240 006 4 65e 008 8 49e 008 2 19e 007 2 39e 007
16. buttons i setting new prototype properties respectively for getting information and 15 ATENA Atena C Work T utorial Beam cc2 laj x File Edit Input Calculations Options Windows Help DSH GS amp eal ma laaaene FA F IGEIGIEFEJE im 3 active load case Assign Delete selected Active LC not available Beam cc2 B General data B Materials Topology Joints Lini Ma Opening Bar reinforcement E Contact ambiguity Loads and support EF Load cases Run E Check data B Analysis steps Monitoring points E Solution Parameters Line list Thickness m Minimized window Figure 26 Program display at the beginning of the macro element definition Macro element prototype X PEA quad triangular or mixed iaumdary lists ECU mesh can be selected here FE mesh Type of elemen Quadrilaterals This value specifies the Element size o 08 m requested element size for Z Smooth element shapes automatic mesh generation r Properties i A material model for the new Material Steel plates 15 macro elements Thickness 0 1900 m Quadrilateral elements ccisoQuad Element type for quadrilateral elements IV Geometrically nonlinear Marra element x cance Figure 27 The dialog window which appears after the selection of the button ae from the too
17. it is necessary to enforce the axis of symmetry along the line 5 Horizontal displacements along this line should be equal to zero The beam is loaded at the top steel plate We are interested in determining the maximal load carrying capacity of the beam which means we want to be able to trace the structural response also in the post peak regime The easiest method to accomplish this is by loading the beam by prescribed displacements at the top steel plate It is possible to apply the loading by vertical forces which will be increased in each load step In order to be able to go into post peak advanced non linear solution strategies such as Arc length method would be necessary Such techniques are available in ATENA 2D but they will not be used in this example where Newton Raphson method and displacement load control is sufficient A loading history in ATENA 2D is defined in analogy to previous version SBETA This means that first load cases are defined and then they are combined together to form a loading history for an analyzed structure For this example two load cases are defined one containing the vertical and horizontal supports and second with the prescribed deformations at the top steel plate ATENA Atena C Work Tutorial Beam cc2 le x File Edit Input Calculations Options Windows Help pom m n BR Active load case ligi 4 4008 22 Alan Delete selected Active LC ino
18. procesing toolbar which is normally located along the left side of the program window The first method calculates the internal forces from stresses that are interpolated and averaged at nodes The second approach calculates the forces directly from stresses at element nodes In this method there is no averaging of stresses between elements The first method tends to smooth the stress field and therefore it can hide some spikes from being considered in the internal forces calculation 50 6 Conclusions This tutorial provided a step by step introduction to the usage of ATENA 2D on an example of a reinforced concrete beam without shear reinforcement Although this example is relatively simple from geometrical and topological point of view it is not a simple problem from the numerical point of view Due to the missing shear reinforcement the beam fails by a diagonal shear crack which is very difficult to capture using smeared crack approach This example demonstrates the powerful simulation capabilities of ATENA for modeling the brittle failure of concrete structures Even with very coarse mesh which was used in this demonstration example the diagonal shear crack was successfully captured Further improvement of the results can be achieved by decreasing the finite element size to at least 6 8 elements over the beam height It is also possible to select different quadrilateral elements CCQ10 or CCQ10SBeta which should exhibit even better behavio
19. 1823 271719 Tel 44 1823 271717 E mail taunton issrobot co uk WWW www issrobot co uk SOUTH KOREA YEON Engineering 65 2nd Floor ChoungHyo dong Kyongju Kyo Kyongbuk South Korea Zip 780 250 Fax 82 54 775 1654 Tel 82 54 775 1652 3 E mail yeonseng chollian net WWW www yeons co kr CHINA Prof Xuehue An Beijing AHSM Science amp Technology Development Co Ltd 105 Building No 12 DongShengYuanGongYu HaiDianQu Beijing 100083 China e mail anxue mail tsinghua edu cn AUSTRALIA Greg Palmer BE PhD Palmer Technologies Pty Ltd PO Box 1513 Coorparoo DC Q 4151 www palmertech com au e mail GregP palmertech com au phone 61 7 38474048 fax 61 7 3394 4936 Albert Allan Australian Engineering Suite 7 4 Botany street Randwick 2031 NSW AUSTRALIA e mail al82au yahoo com au 53 FINLAND Juha Airola A amp S Virtual Systems Oy Hameentie 153 C FIN 00560 Helsinky Finland Tel 358 9 2518 0230 Fax 358 9 2518 0239 e mail juha airola virtualsystems fi WWW www virtualsystems fi 54 8 Literature 1 ATENA Program Documentation Part 1 ATENA Theory Manual CERVENKA CONSULTING 2000 2 ATENA Program Documentation Part 2 1 ATENA 2D User s Manual CERVENKA CONSULTING 2000 3 ATENA Program Documentation Part 3 ATENA Examples of Application CERVENKA CONSULTING 2000 4 ATENA Program Documentation Part 6 ATENA Input File Format CERVENKA CONSULTING 2000 5 Leonhardt and
20. 41le 007 04e 007 9 39e 007 4le 006 83e 006 CaP USI SIKSIKSIKSIKSIKSICSIKSIKSIKSIKS Principal Engineering Strain Stress 1 86e 008 2 30e 006 2 84e 006 Principal Stress 1 63e 006 3 2le 006 5 00e 008 Sbeta State variables 8 4le 007 2 04e 006 2 lle 008 C Performance Index 1 7le 007 2 34e 006 2 97e 006 Plastic Strain 1 42e 006 1 90e 006 4 59e 007 Principal Plastic Strain S220er 007 51e S2006 8 008 C Displacements 9 23e 007 1 16e 007 1 87e 006 3 91e 007 1 36e 007 1 09e 006 Internal Forces 1 65e 007 1 03e 007 4 26e 007 JExternal Forces 1 57e 006 3 55e 007 1 33e 006 Reactions 2 92e 006 3 32e 007 5 03e 006 Residual Forces 6 01e 007 1 31e 007 2 75e 006 _ Nodal Degrees Of Freedom 1 45e 006 lt 4 808 007 3 050006 _ Elements rel t Incid 7 43e 006 69e 007 02e 006 m EEADERS 5 40e 006 18e 006 20e 006 _ Crack Attributes 1 72e 006 3 68e 006 1 60e 009 Element Int Pts 7 99e 006 2 47e 007 6 46e 008 1 65e 006 44e 007 04e 006 row 1 column 1 Figure 73 The program window for the definition of alfa numerical output 43 5 5 Analysis log files The program ATENA 2D consists of several modules The two main modules are the graphical user interface GUI and the analysis module These two modules communicate with each other through the Microsoft component object model COM interfaces and also through four file streams The contents of these streams for eac
21. C CERVENKA CONSULTING Cervenka Consulting Ltd Na Hrebenkach 55 150 00 Prague Czech Republic Phone 420 220610018 E mail cervenka cervenka cz Web http www cervenka cz ATENA Program Documentation Part 4 1 Tutorial for Program ATENA 2D Written by Jan Cervenka Prague May 16 2001 Copyright 2000 2001 by Cervenka Consulting Trademarks Microsoft and Microsoft Word are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Table of Contents 1 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 3 10 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 INTRODUCTION STARTING PROGRAM PRE PROCESSING Introduction Material parameters Geometrical joints Geometrical lines Geometrical macro elements Mesh generation Bar reinforcement Supports and actions Loading history and solution parameters Monitoring points FE NON LINEAR ANALYSIS Introduction Starting analysis Interactive window Adding new load steps POST PROCESSING Introduction Post processing window Load displacement diagrams Text output Analysis log files Cuts Diagrams of internal forces CONCLUSIONS PROGRAM DISTRIBUTORS AND DEVELOPERS LITERATURE 10 13 15 19 20 23 27 30 33 33 34 35 36 37 37 37 42 43 44 45 48 51 52 55 1 Introduction This tutorial provides a basic introduction to the usage of the program ATENA 2D and it is specifically targeted to ATENA 2D beginners This tutorial c
22. Edit Input Calculations Options Windows Help BEI alm Ae oo shar sesueal eae pee aaa 7 a m a lt Inlx in 3 r JES Active load case Assign Delete Selected Active LC Beam cc2 B General data B Materials Topology Joints 7 Line Macro elements Openings gt rcer ar reinforcement ER Contact ambiguity Loads and supports E Load cases Run E Check data B Analysis steps Monitoring points B Solution Parameters Bar reinforcement type This button starts the numerical input of reinforcing bars I I Figure 33 The program window at the beginning of the reinforcement bar definition In this example there is only one reinforcing bar along the bottom side of the beam The bar distance from the beam bottom surface is 0 05 m In reality this bar models two bars with diameter of 26 mm The steps necessary to create a new reinforcement bar in ATENA 2D are documented in the subsequent figures 20 Geometric non linearity 0 0E 00 can be selected here KT EUER Calculate reinforcement area oce a Figure 34 The dialog for the definition of reinforcement bars contains two property sheets The sheet Properties is used for the definition of material model and reinforcement cross sectional area Polyline of straight lines and arches 7 Click Add button to define the coordinates of the bar begin
23. G Xa ra jaaQP EGEGRIfZR SET i Mk Active load case ORDONA BAZE FHEJBEFEFEB iq te 5213 Haza Button for view Combo box for display Miscellanou United settings of supports and loads s Toolbars ER General dh ER Materials P Topology gt Joints P Line Toolbar for graphical input and editing Selection of active load case Main view window containing the created geometrical and FE model EJ Check data Access tree for data E Analysis steps Monitoring points definition BH Cuts r Moment lines Equilibrium axes a a Solution Parameters Coordinate ee refinement Number overh Minimized window Tables for data input and modification Table for the active item in the data access tree is shown Hf Start desp My Programs J Scratch E windows C E windows C 4 Microsoft Ex FF Tutorial Ate Alena 2D En een ie LA 13 37 Figure 2 Graphical user interface of ATENA 2D pre processor ATENA 2D contains four main toolbars File toolbar New Graphical problem output Solution toolbar ans Mesh Non linear Pre Post processing finite element processing solution generation Zoom and view toolbar jaa amine e Zoom in Zoom out Zoom Move Zoom in Zoom out at mouse at mouse window around around location location center center Selection t
24. NQ Equilibrium axes Scalars Vectors Tensors Cracks Bar reinf Interfaces Bar reinforcement show and label in nodes sigma XX lt 1 577E 00 1 339E 02 gt MPa Figure 65 The display of reinforcement bar stresses and cracks is activated by clicking an Springs Forces MNQ Equilibriurn axes Scalars Vectors Tensors Cracks Bar reinf Interfaces Cracks Filter no selection I Label crack width lt 1 326E 05 2 621E 03 gt m I Label Sigma N lt 3 386E 00 1 065E 00 gt MP IT Label SigmaT lt 1 640E 00 1 640E 00 gt MP appropriate label in the toolbar along the left side of the program window ATENA Atena 2D Reinforced beam E Atena Plus Examples Atena 2D Tutorial Beam Q10Sbeta cc2 File Edit Calculations Options Windows Help D SR GB iz jaaajelE B Results 1 Dre ll unge sa Scalars Vectors Tensors Tensors values Principal Engineering Strain w Scalars areacontour areas B Er G lt 1 175E 08 gt None e shi in nodes Principal Engineering Strain Select display of principal strain vectors and Figure 66 The post processing window with rendering and principal vectors of maximal principal strains for the last load step 40 38 ATENA Atena 2D Reinforced beam E Atena Plus Examples Atena 2D TutorialiBeam Q10Sbeta cc2 File Edit Calculations Options Windows Help
25. Poisson s ratio MU 0 200 Tensile strength fiti MPa Compressive strength fi_c 2 848E 01 MPa Material 2 lt Previous X Cancel Figure 12 The dialog window for the definition of basic properties for SBETA material The parameters were generated based on the concrete cube strength The tensile strength should be edited to 1 64 MPa for the Leonhard s beam New material SBeta Material x Name concrete Basic Tensile Compressive Shear Miscellaneous Type of tension softening Exponential Specific fracture energy G _f 6 235E 05 MNMfm Material 2 Figure 13 The dialog window for the tensile properties for SBETA material New material SBeta Material x Name Concrete Basic Tensile Compressive shear Miscellaneous Compressive strain at compressive strength 1 in the uniaxial compressive test EPS_C Reduction of compressive strength 0 800 due to cracks Type of compression softening crush Band Critical compressive displacement w _d 5 0000E 04 m 795E 03 Material 2 lt Previous X Cancel Figure 14 The dialog window for the compressive properties of SBETA material New material SBeta Material x Name Concrete Basic Tensile Compressive Shear Miscellaneous Shear retention factor Variable shear retention T g Gey Material 2 lt gt
26. Walther Schubversuche an einfeldringen Stahlbetonbalken mit und Ohne Schubbewehrung Deutscher Ausschuss fuer Stahlbeton Heft 51 Berlin 1962 Ernst amp Sohn 55
27. a a ae a r i 4 250E 02 r d H k k 4 4 4 O ar rc Kod 3 400E 02 i 2 550E 02 L ee TTS i 1 700E 02 L TTS THAT FP F T T 1 1 1 w 3 500E 03 rf 4 BEE go M Is Jo a East Na de ESSE SEE SESE EL SINN SIE TE NEE SEE anne i Displacements x 2 i 1 ot TTM MMM 0 O O O O O 0 0 O 0 0 00 m m Q FR O999 990999999999 O9 99 9 99 5050550505050 00 O du d b d d a uuu wu w ww wi a o2 9202900000000 Q O O O0 OO O O O Q O COO N SERESRERSO ORORGARORORSEREREGORSGCERO 8 m s dzaj SPACE a este ALS BJ UR U A a Z Gd r wa NN ONO IN TT TOLO HOH O O O O R LO X lt 8 362E 03 0 000E 00 gt m Y lt 9 628E 02 0 01 N Figure 72 The load displacement diagram The buttons in the top right hand corner of the graph window can be used to modify the diagram appearance The button mj selects the display of monitoring data at the end of load steps while the button EJ Eri the quantities as they had been changing during EL the iterative process The buttons display can be used to change the quadrant for the graph The selected diagram can be printed or copied to the clipboard in the same manner as it was described in Section 5 2 The numerical values of the monitored quantities can be obtained from the text output that is described in Section 5 4 42 5 4 Text output This section describes another form of output from the program ATENA 2D The text output can
28. and support a gt j window ent t ambiguity n E Check data B Analysis steps Monitoring points B Solution Parameters m Joints T Figure 19 The program window after the definition of all geometrical joints ATENA Atena C Work Tutorial Beam cc2 BENE File Edit Input Calculations Options Windows Help CSR BS xaln a QQOQ FOB Qallrsn 7c4aal REE E w E EJ Beam cc2 B General data E Natori Zoom to fit t button Macro elements Openings Bar reinforcement ER Contact ambiguity 4 Loads and support m E Check data B Analysis steps Monitoring points B Solution Parameters 15 I dt Remove Items 14 x 0 2329 m Y 0 4476 m Figure 20 The program window after the selection of the zoom to fit button 12 3 4 Geometrical lines After the definition of the geometrical joints it is possible to proceed with the definition of geometrical lines which will connect the previously specified joints ATENA Atena C Work Tutorial Beam cc2 File Edit Input Calculations Options Windows Help JOSBIEBG a na aaQae E Eja 8 A El RE Active load case z ssaa avi Ef add air am m Delete selected xj BE E GEfB EEE A Active LC not available z Beam cc2 B General data ER Materials Topology
29. cted by the following button mE 39 It is possible to open several post processing windows at the same time Each window can be used to show results from different load steps A new post processing window can be opened using the menu item Windows New View The active post processing window can be printed from the menu item File Graphic printout or copied to the clipboard from Edit Copy picture The copied picture can be for instance pasted to a Microsoft Word document The picture remains in vector format so it can be easily scaled or resized while preserving its resolution for printing It is possible to modify some parameters controlling the display on the screen or on paper with the help of the dialog Options Settings This dialog and some of its features are described in the subsequent figures Settings x General Font Pre processing Crack display Clipboard Print and clipboard V Color copy VW Fill the macro elements with gray color rRun Enable input file editting before starting FE analysis Verification V Warn user if editing can cause a loss of calculated results X Cancel Figure 69 The dialog sheet General contains various checkboxes affecting the clipboard and printing functions The block Run enables the user to edit the program input file before the numerical calculation are started This option should be used only by the experience users since wrong editing can cause
30. d steps ATENA 2D contains a standard set of solution parameters The standard solution parameters can be examined in the table of Solution parameters This table appears in the table window after highlighting the Solution Parameters item in the data access tree ATENA Atena C Work Tutorial Beam cc2 lej xf Eile Edit Input Calculations Options Windows Help PEBIEG ka rna aaQale DORA RS J24Ql Freenet be Be fl It ai oe eee Bet active load case Kan Delete selected Active LC LC2 5 Beam cc2 B General data B Materials Topology Joints e Line Macro elements Openings Bar reinforcement ER Contact ambiguity Loads and supports E Load cases ement amp Contact ambiguity Run E Check data B Analysis steps Monitoring points Solution Parameters Solution Parameters Number aa Standard solution parameters I Figure 46 The program display with the table of solution parameters Standard solution parameters can be examined by clicking the button Show New set of solution parameters can be created using the button Add 27 Editing solution parameters 2 Newton Raphson Solution Pararneters lt I Each iteration Tangent E 2 z Ed i Figure 47 The first property sheet for the new set of solution parameters for Leonhardt s beam analysis Editing solution parameters 2 Figure 48
31. e y direction of nodal applied forces should be monitored at this point It is not necessary to define a location exactly at the finite element node The program automatically selects the closest FE node In case monitoring at integration points is required the closest finite element integration point is selected The second monitoring point should be located at the middle of the beam near its bottom surface where the largest vertical displacements can be expected The second component i e y displacement of nodal displacements should be monitored at this location These two monitoring points will allow us to monitor the load displacement curve during the non linear finite element analysis It makes it possible to see the changes of action forces and displacement at each load step and even in each iteration The program display after the definition of the monitoring points is shown in Figure 55 30 ATENA Atena 2D Reinforced beam E Atena PlusiExampiesiAtena 2D TutorialBeam Q10Sbeta cc2 File Edit Input Calculations Options Windows He JGJR EGGARZA FSA E EEIEJEFEB Active LC no selection gt Beam Q1 OSbeta cc2 E General data E Materials Topology Joints Line Macro elements Openings Bar reinforcement E Contact ambiguity 4 Loads and supports E Check data E Analysis steps 2 gt Monitoring points Bl Cuts o Moment lines E Solution Parameters Name Title foad Value Compact React
32. e left side of the program window If it is selected and if the top box shows the note show and label the diagrams of moment normal and shear forces are displayed on the screen as it is shown in Figure 81 Please note that if a display of iso lines or vector plot has been previously selected it remains on the screen and the internal forces diagram is drawn over the original picture In many cases this is what the user wants otherwise the iso line or vector display must be deactivated using the appropriate sheets in the left side toolbar 49 ATENA Atena 2D Reinforced beam E Atena PlusiExamples Atena 2D TutorialiBeam Q10Sbeta cc2 File Edit Calculations Options Windows Help B Results 1 Krok Step 40 bd Springs Cracks Bar reinf Interfaces Scalars Vectors Tensors This box controls how the forces are calculated It can be either from element stresses or from the stresses that are interpolated to the finite element nodes lt 8 491E N 4 146E 02 gt khm Show N lt 4 811E 02 N 423E 02 gt kN Show Q lt 9 807E 03 6 01E 02 gt kN These check boxes select which diagram appears on the monitor M moment N normal force Q shear force I I Figure 81 The diagram of internal forces in the post processing window The program ATENA 2D offers two methods for the calculation of the internal forces A suitable method can be selected from the second box in the Moment lines sheet in the post
33. ed Active LC not available Beam cc2 B General data B Materials Topology Joints Openings Bar reinforcement ER Contact ambiguity Loads and support E nie cases jun E Check data B Analysis steps Monitoring points B Solution Parameters m Macro elements _ aa 2 1s 13 14 15 16 gt 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x 0 8718 m 0 3826 m Figure 31 The program display after the definition of the last macro element with the concrete material 18 3 6 Mesh generation After the definition of macro elements is completed it is possible to start an automatic mesh generation The automatic mesh generation is executed using the button The mesh generator in ATENA 2D is fully automatic Based on element sizes that are defined for each macro element a finite element mesh is generated automatically The created mesh size can be controlled by local refinements around geometrical lines and joints It is useful to note that when the generator recognizes that the macro element is composed of four edges with same number of divisions along the opposite edges it attempts to generate a mesh using the mapping technique This feature can be useful in some cases when nice and uniform meshes are required This feature of the mesh generator however is not exploited in this example and we rely on the capabilities of the fully automated meshing ATENA Atena C W
34. ements x 2 8 372E 04 0 028 7 2e 006 0 041 0 023 1 8e 007 0 013 3 1le 008 z Analysis in progress MAE Load step no 8 Assembling Stiffness Matrix Pause Iteration no 6 PIT E stop X Displacements Component 2 Lf wt after iteration kd stress Sigma xx Applied Forces Component 2 k de I eo fed EE El neni a Q Results of load step 8 iteration 6 2 805E 04 Q 8 Q 2500609 Dy 22s0e0 Ea 2 000E 03 1 750E 02 1 500E 02 1 250E 02 1 000E 02 7 500E 03 5 000E 03 2 500E 03 on PARE ee eee eee T OODE 00 Im ER SE X lt 7 330E 04 0 000E 00 gt m Y lt 2 805E 02 0 000E 00 gt MN pescription Internal Forces Dof 2 2 894E 02 Displacements x 2 8 372E 04 x Max crack width 4 320E 05 m Max displacement 8 385E 04 m 0 028 7 2e 006 0 023 1 8e 007 0 013 _3 1e 008 1 2e 008 Figure 61 The interactive window after selecting a different format of the L D diagram The L D diagram in this figure shows the iterative changes of the monitored quantities 35 4 4 Adding new load steps After the first 20 load steps are completed it is possible to specify additional 20 load steps In order to define additional load steps it is necessary first to switch to the pre processing mode using the button EJ After the specified steps are completed the program automatically enters the pos
35. ent 2 Displacements Component v lt m e 4 m e lt lt m m u i 4 4 lt o u i lt m o u i 4 4 lt m o u i lt m w 4 lt m w lt m iA 4 lt m a Calculate non analysed Save data X cancel Figure 59 The dialog window before the finite element analysis 34 4 3 Interactive window After the button Analyse in the dialog which is shown in Figure 59 is selected the actual finite element analysis is started The analysis progress can be monitored using the interactive window that is shown in Figure 60 Analysis suspended BEE Load step no 8 Assembling Stiffness Matrix Continue Iteration no 5 PTT stopy X Displacements Component 2 AZ after iteration La stress Sigma xx 54 Applied Forces Component 2 EICH soo k B EE E ren M a Results of load step 8 iteration 5 5 2849E 02 Qi Pr a 2 400603 5 2206 04 7 2000E 02 2 4 800603 1 600603 1 400E 03 t 1200 09 10006 03 8 000603 6 000603 4000E04 2000609 Displacements x 2 3 883333888358 g 2 dd dd d du ud w S828 SR 88 8 ACO SHES ES ee ety MY X lt 7 326E 04 0 000E 00 gt m Y lt 2 649E 02 0 000E 00 gt MN Max crack width 4 311E 05 m Max displacement 8 386E 04 ml oesommton Magnitude gt internal Forces Dof 2 2 897E 02 Displac
36. gt Figure 1 Geometry of the structure 2 Starting Program Executing the program CCATENAGUIX EXE from the directory where the program is installed can start ATENA 2D The letter X indicates the program version number or the program can be more conveniently started from Start Programs menu on your computer desktop 3 Pre processing 3 1 Introduction This chapter explains the basic steps which are to be performed in order to define a complete geometrical and then a finite element model for non linear FE analysis by ATENA The purpose of the geometrical model is to describe the geometry of the structure its material properties and boundary conditions The analytical model for the finite element analysis will be created during the pre processing with the help of the fully automated mesh generator The geometrical model is created in the following steps First geometrical joints are defined These joints are later connected into boundary lines It is possible to create straight arc or circular lines The subsequent step is to define macro elements or regions by specifying a list of boundary lines which surround the macro element Before starting the definition of the geometrical model it is a good idea to introduce the graphical user interface of ATENA 2D pre processor The pre processing window is ATENA Atena 2D Untitled shown in the subsequent Figure 2 File Edit Input Calculations Options Windows Help J OSUIEB
37. h analysis step can be examined using the menu item Calculations Step information This action opens the following window on your computer screen Step information r Analysis step 0 Input Output Message Error Step 40 Elapsed CPU sec 4229 81 8e 007 5e 007 4 5e 007 3 9e 007 5e 007 3 7e 007 4 7 e 007 3 7e 007 4 6e 007 3 _fe NN7 000 unn BUNE ee rH b Figure 74 The step information window contains the input and output files from the finite element analysis It is possible to view the contents of these data streams for each analysis step which can be selected from the pull down list at the top of the window The content of each data stream can be examined by selecting an appropriate bookmark at the top part of the window The input stream contains the commands that were passed from the GUI to the analysis module In the first step it contains the definition of the numerical model In the subsequent load steps it contains the definition of supports loads and solution parameters The format of this file is described in the ATENA Input File Format manual 4 The advanced users can modify the contents of this file before executing the analysis if proper settings are defined in Options Settings Only users experienced with the program ATENA and the format of this file should modify the input file otherwise they can damage their data which may then become unusable The output stream c
38. igure 64 The first step in post processing is to select the analysis step i e load step from which the results are requested The program loads the data for the requested load step into the computer memory and fills in appropriately the lists of available output quantities The type of analysis and used material models determines the available output data ATENA Atena 2D Reinforced beam E Atena PlusiExamplesiAtena 2D TutorialiBeam Q10Sbeta cc2 Eile Edit Calculations Options Windows Help JOSa E ZF s z aaale B Results 1 kepen __ Ed are Springs Forces MNQ Equilibrium axes Cracks Bar reinf Interfaces sealas Vectors Tensor Select load step which results are to be visualized Scalars contour areas hei Basic material hd in nodes Ra no labels lt 7 308E 03 1 175E 03 gt None Scalars areacontour areas Basic material in nodes Engineering Strain Gamma xy lt 7 308E 03 1 175E 08 gt None 2 Opening 3 ta lt 1 326E 05 2 621E 03 gt m R 5sN_N e 4 333E 02 lt 3 386E 00 1 065E 00 gt MPa SsN_T lt 1 640E 00 1 640E 00 gt MPa Bar reinforcement show and label in nodes Stress igma xx lt 1 577E 00 1 339E 02 gt MPa Select scalar data for rendering contour areas or iso lines Figure 64 The post processing window containing contour areas cracks and reinforcement stresses for the last load step 40 37 Springs Forces M
39. ion parameters will be used during the load steps 29 ii Analysis steps LEE Load step list Coefficient Prameters Save Calculated analysis lt results 2 No 1 000 Solution Parameters a 1 2 1 000 Solution Parameters No m 2 1 000 ere Parameters Yes I Solution Parameters Yes m 1 000 cea Parameters s gt 1 2 1 000 Solution Parameters Items 20 Figure 52 The Analysis steps table after the definition of twenty load steps with the above parameters It is possible to add more load steps later during the analysis 3 10 Monitoring points During non linear analysis it is useful to monitor forces displacements or stresses in the model The monitored data can provide important information about the state of the structure For instance from monitoring of applied forces it is possible to determine if the maximal load was reached or not Monitoring points can be defined by highlighting the Monitoring points item in the data access tree Then it is again possible to use graphical or alpha numerical specification of the monitoring point location The graphical input is activated by the button aP and follows by the selection of the exact location by mouse The alpha numerical input starts by the button Add from the table of Monitoring points For this example the first monitoring point should be added near the joint where the prescribed displacements are applied The second component i
40. ions po gt x 1 1082 m Y 0 3470 m Location das O 1 000 JJG Mntoringnumbej 1 gt add X End m Monitoring points io Location yim yim Position I SAstr 5 gt Sumy Progra Spauick F kontakty BA windows Ewindows CRISP E iG Corel PHO B Tutorial Ate 7 atena 20 Figure 53 The definition of the first monitoring point nn J Lomponent 2 T 1 2668 m Y 0 0084 m Location Nodes 1 000 Mintoring number 2 gt Add X End Figure 54 The dialog window for the definition of the second monitoring point 31 ATENA Atena 2D Reinforced beamfE Atena Plus Examples Atena 2D TutorialiBeam Q10Sbeta cc2 alRIEzaGaxza FSA F EEJGIEPEB Active LC no selection Beam Q1 OSbeta cc2 E General data E Materials Topology Joints Line Macro elements Openings Bar reinforcement Contact ambiguity Loads and supports EJ Check data i Analysis steps 2 gt Monitoring points W Cuts 22 Moment lines E Solution Parameters ia Monitoring points Location Coefficient Y Im Y m Position E Value 1 1082 0 3470 Nodes 1 0000 Compact Reactions Component 2 2 belfection 1 2668 0 0084 Nodes 1 0000 Displacements Component 2 0 2392 m Y 0 3469 m Astar SG gt GWProgra Sauick F kontakty BYwindows
41. l and interesting to view the finite element mesh numbering The finite element model numbers can be displayed through the view setting button which appears at the left top corner of the view window This actions opens a dialog window see Figure 57 that can be use to select the data to be displayed in the view window Among others it is possible to turn on off numbering of finite elements nodes or geometrical entities turn on off the display of reinforcement bars or monitoring points ATENA Atena C Work Tutorial Beam cc2 File Edit Input Calculations Options Windows Help jE SHE as a Jaaa nnna INS Se eee ess IE B a m o EZ li doo oe I De Active load case Assign Delete selected Active LC not available F Beam cc2 B General data B Materials Macro elements Openings General Joints Line Macro elements Openings Bar reinforcement Bar reinforcement Monitoring points Finite element mesh Loading ER Contact ambiguity J Loads and supports IV Show FE mesh Element type Basic material z ha smeared rein layers are defined I Integration points a check data B Analysis steps Monitoring points EH Solution Parameters I Figure 57 The dialog box for activating the display of finite element node and element numbers 33 ATENA Atena C Work Tutorial Beam cc2 le xf Ei
42. lbar for graphical input and editing This dialog is used for the definition of macro element prototype the properties of which will be used for the subsequently created macro elements In this case we will start with the definition of regions i e macro elements for the supporting steel plates 16 ATENA Atena C Work Tutorial Beam cc2 lelxi File Edit Input Calculations Options Windows Help G 6 6 GF iG S BR Active load case Asian Delete selected Active LC not available 7 B General data B Materials Topology Openings Bar reinforcement EH Contact ambiguity Loads and supports Load cases Y Jo E Run E Check data EB Analysis steps Monitoring points EH Solution Parameters Thickness X 0 3206 m Y 0 0320 m Figure 28 Selection of boundary lines for first macro element representing the steel plate at the vertical support ATENA Atena C Work T utorial Beam cc2 2 x File Edit Input Calculations Options Windows Help m m a A Te BB active load case Esan Delete selected Active LC not available Beam cc2 B General data B Materials eT Joints e Line gt gt Macro elements Openings Bar reinforcement ER Contact ambiguity 4 Loads and supports EF Load cases ze I
43. le Eee Input Calculations rn Windows ker ale 2 2 2 Bee E w E EJ ag R 2 8 8 z lig e 266 He Active load case Assign Delete selected Active LC not available Beam cc2 B General data B Materials Topology 2 Joints 7 Line Macro elements Openings Bar reinforcement ER Contact ambiguity Loads and support 7 EJ Chack data B Analysis steps Monitoring points ER Solution Parameters X 0 6273 m Y 0 1142 m Figure 58 The finite element mesh along with node and element numbers The size of characters can be modified from the menu item Options Settings 4 2 Starting analysis The finite element analysis is started using the button After clicking this button an initialization dialog window appears on the computer screen This dialog window is shown in Figure 59 and it can be used to select the load step when the analysis will be terminated and data to be displayed in the L D diagram In addition the load steps can be specified in which results should be saved in this dialog Please note that it is not possible to perform a post processing for the steps in which the results were not saved pecified analysis ST HE parte fans Bere a o Initial data for LD diagram X Displacements Component 2 undefined 7 undefined stepfiterationi Applied Forces Compon
44. ning New segments e ooo tm ye pat a ana TaGiUl5 Insert W 0 0000 Pi Wa 0 0000 El ra 0 0000 ff Positive orientation F F igure 35 The sheet Topology is used for the definition of bar geometry A reinforcement bar is composed of segments and each segment can be a line arc or a circle 21 Polyline of straight lines and arches 7 1 Origin 0 0000 0 0500 TE AE 1 2750 0 0500 Select segment type Line and then define the end point coordinates New segments ay m U 0 0500 enterana tacitis 4 0 0000 Eile 0 0000 El Ar 0 0000 Ei gt Positive orientation E Beam cc2 3 General data EH Materials i Topology i Joints P Line Macro elements M Openings B Contact ambiguity cod Loads and supports EH Load cases PN Joint Y Line W Macro element Ente Bar reinforcement Lf Contact ambiguity i E Run 1 E Check data EB Analysis steps Monitoring points Solution Parameters E Bar reinforcement Normal Segment line Figure 37 The program display after the definition of the reinforcement bar 22 3 8 Supports and actions This section describes the definition of supports and loads for our example problem The analyzed beam is supported at the bottom steel plate in the vertical direction Since we are analyzing only a symmetric half of the beam
45. oad cases table 24 ATENA Atena C Work Tutorial Beam cc2 lej x File Edit Input Calculations Options Windows Help dh cz A i View Isa dE BB active load case Assign Delete selected Joints e Line Macro elements Openings Bar reinforcement ER Contact ambiguity 4 Loads and supports a check data E Analysis steps Monitoring points B Solution Parameters i Load cases SZEFA BEGA 2 Load case with actions Prescribed deformati Toa I Figure 42 An appropriate active load case must be selected before the definition of supports Supports should be in the load case 1 ATENA Atena C Work T utorial Beam cc2 File Edit Input Calculations as Windows Er Beal S S 8 8a FEA FIGEBJBBA x fi tray 73 Si 4 Esan Delete selected Actie LC 2 Choose joint and 3 Choose Beam cc2 E evar da line selection mode selection Topology Joints of Line omen 1 H i ghl i ght a TE supports LC 1 LC code Supports Joint item LC name Load case with supports LC pad 1 000 upport niu Support in dir X mk Support in dir Y 1 i i ogg Support w arientatiani un 5 6 EJ Check data 1 0000 Am B Analysis steps 4 oooooj mil Monitoring points B Solution Parameters 4 Select joint Ze 5 Click 5 for support emai Replace button upport x orientation
46. ontains a step by step explanation how to perform a non linear analysis on an example problem of a reinforced beam without smeared reinforcement The geometrical and material properties correspond to the experimental setup by Leonhard in 1962 More details about the problem or experiment can be also obtained from the original report 5 or from the program developer or distributor The step by step demonstration is performed on an example of simply supported beam which is loaded by two loads as it is shown in Figure 1 The problem is symmetric around its vertical axis therefore only one symmetric half of the beam will be analyzed The steps necessary for the data preparation non linear analysis and post processing are depicted on subsequent figures which show the computer screen for each step and user action There is always also a short description for each figure In the post processing stage only some basic post processing methods are described ATENA offers many options for viewing results from FE non linear analysis These options can be easily accessed from the post procesing window by self explanatory buttons and toolbars For more details it is recommended to consult the ATENA 2D user s manual or the hotline desk at the program distributor or developer steel plates 30 75 IL M THICKNESS 190 mm to A 1060 mm A steel plates 30 100 m 320 ER 300 810 330 810 300 gt
47. ontains the output from the analysis module Normally this stream is empty since it is used later when text output is requested 44 The message stream contains the information about the analysis progress as they appeared also in the interactive window during the non linear analysis The error stream contains error and warning messages from the analysis modules This stream should be examined for errors that might have occurred during the numerical calculations 5 6 Cuts Starting from version 1 2 0 or younger the program ATENA 2D enables the definition of cuts along which scalar quantities can be evaluated and displayed The cut can be a single straight line an arc or a polygon consisting of straight lines or arcs The cuts must be defined in the pre processing window but does not have to be defined before the numerical analysis It is possible to define them even after some results and load steps are calculated just by switching between the pre and post processing windows The cut definition starts in the pre processing window by selecting the item Cuts in the data access tree in the left side of the program window After that the procedure is an analogy to the definition of reinforcement bars see Section 3 7 It is again possible to define the cut geometry by mouse or by numerical values The graphical input can be activated using the button In this example the numerical input is used and it is started by the Add button in the Cu
48. oolbar Select Select bar Select Invert selection joints reinforcement by all objects of the crossing selected type Select Select by Selection mode macro skewed elements rectangle add remove invert UIEEGE Partial Deselect moment selection all items of lines clicking on off selected type Exit selection mode Select by Select all Deselect all openings rectangle objects of selected selected type objects After examination of the user interface layout it is possible to start with the definition of the geometrical model of the analyzed structure It is a good practice to provide a short description of the problem to be analyzed In ATENA 2D this can be done be selecting the General data item in the data access tree This opens the following table in the table window ii General data Ale General data Layers of smeared reinforcement Description Edi Number of layers 0 Add Note l Information Numbering information Nodes 0 Lines 5 0 Macroelements 0 Openings 0 Bar reinforcements 0 Load cases o Figure 3 General data table shows general information about the structure General data x escription Description Reinforced beam Note Beam without shear reinforcement X Cancel Figure 4 The editing dialog for general data appears after selecting the Edit button from the General data table 3 2 Material parameters Nex
49. or by numerical values The ar graphical input can be activated using the button In this example the numerical input is used and it is started by the Add button in the Moment lines table window which appears at the bottom of the program window after the item Moment lines is highlighted in the data access tree ATENA Atena 2D Reinforced beamfE Atena Plus Examples Atena 2D Tutorial Beam Q10Sbeta cc2 Is x File Edit Input Calculations Options Windows Help Dem EEG kama aaQae POZY RR a8 xszEl PAT Ton BERB Emu mo 22 4 gt EJ e lactive load case 5 Assign Delete selected Active LC no selection m Beam Q1OSbeta cc2 E General data EE Materials Topology Joints of Line Macro elements Openings Bar reinforcement Contact ambiguity bu oads pp E Load cases Me Joint Step 3 click on Add to define moment line segments Step 5 after the definition of all segments click Add to include the created lel moment line into the table After all moment lines are defined use End to return v s So Run E Step 4 define coordinates and geometry of each segment FT After each segment click Add Step 1 highlight Bere oon and use End to close the input the item a window E Check data Analysis steps Monitoring points Moment line number 1 Moment lines Moment line for MNQ
50. ork Tutorial Beam cc2 2 x File Edit Input Calculations Options Windows Help DSBS xan aQQQ s EGEnQI Wt lt waa EA E PEB EEE H bE a ia tS cee ce m amp active load case Assign Delete selected Active LC inot available z Beam cc2 Ef General data EH Materials Topology Joints a Line Macro elements Openings Bar reinforcement ER Contact ambiguity J Loads and supports E Load cases E Run E Check data ER Analysis steps Monitoring points EH Solution Parameters m Macro elements 7 9 10 11 12 3 13 14 15 16 0 190 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1900 X 0 0817 m Y 0 4460 m Figure 32 Generated finite element mesh using the element size of 0 08 m 19 3 7 Bar reinforcement In the next step reinforcing bars will be defined It should be noted that reinforcement bars can be defined any time during the input data preparation It is not necessary to wait till the macro elements are defined and mesh is generated The reinforcement bar definition starts by highlighting the Bar reinforcement item in the data access tree see Figure 33 Then it is again possible to define the bar geometry by mouse or by numerical values The graphical input can be activated using the button ap In this example the numerical input is used and it is started by the Edit button in the Bar reinforcement table window ATENA Atena C Work Tutorial Beam cc2 le x File
51. r in shear dominated problems The objective of this tutorial is to provide the user with basic understanding of the program behavior and usage For more information the user should consult the user s manual 2 or contact the program distributor or developer Our team is ready to answer your questions and help you to solve your problems The theoretical derivations and formulations that are used in the program are described in the theory manual 1 The experienced users can also find useful information in the manual for the analysis module only 4 51 7 Program distributors and developers Program developer Program distributors JAPAN GERMANY GREAT BRITAIN CERVENKA CONSULTING Predvoje 22 Prague 6 162 00 CZECH REPUBLIC phone fax 420 220 610 018 e mail cervenka cervenka cz WWW www cervenka cz Research Center for Computational Mechanics Inc RCCM Mr Shinjiro Yoshikawa general director Togoshi N1 Bldg 1 7 1 Hiratsuka Shinagawa ku Tokyo 142 0041 JAPAN phone 813 3785 3033 fax 813 37 85 60 66 e mail yoshi rcem co jp WWW www rccm co jp WOELFEL Beratende Ingenieure GmbH Co Bereich Technische Programme Max Planck Strasse 15 D 97204 Hoechberg GERMANY phone 49 931 49708 360 fax 49 931 49708 650 e mail wtp woelfel de WWW www woelfel de Integrated Structural Software ISS Prioryfield House 20 Canon Street TAI 1SW Taunton Somerset 52 United Kingdom Fax 44
52. rdinate y m 0 0000 0 0000 4 0 2500 0 0000 0 3000 0 0300 0 3500 0 0300 0 3500 0 0000 7 sf tors 03200 of tors osso In case a typing mistake is made during the input of coordinates it is possible to edit wrong geometrical joints There are two possibilities to access joint coordinates and other properties The first possibility is to use the Joints table window In this case the geometrical joint to be edited is selected by double clicking on it in the table or using the Edit button The other possibility is to select the joint in the window containing the view of the structure In this method the Joint item in the data access tree should be highlighted and PT the edit button must be selected from the toolbar for graphical input and editing Then geometrical joint properties can be modified just by clicking at an appropriate joint The same philosophy can be used to edit other geometrical entities as lines macro elements and reinforcement bars 11 ATENA Atena C Work T utorial Beam cc2 e x File Edit Input Calculations Options Windows Help EIEII EER OED an 04aal PAP Hele Scale the view so all objects are visible Assign Active LC not available ae Beam cc2 E General data EEE ce ERO f Ek i Use this button to opology RE A mE scale the view Macro elements DI Openings A such that the joints BR contctarbigaty fill the whole Loads
53. t table window which appears at the bottom of the program window after the item Cuts is highlighted in the data access tree Step 5 use Add to add the cut to the table and Step 4 input cut coordinates Finish each segment definition with Add Use End after the last segment Then use Add to add cut to the table select the item Cuts Step 2 select the button Add to add a cut to the table of cuts im Figure 75 The beginning of the numerical definition of cuts 45 Use the procedure above to define two cuts with the following end point coordinates Table 2 The coordinates of points for the cut definition Cut 2 Beginning Beginning Then the program window shows the structure with two vertical cuts denoted by yellow color SA E OGGIANOE EJ Run EJ Check data E Analysis steps Monitoring points Cuts gP Moment lines Ef Solution Parameters Number 1_ P 0 7050 0 0000 Sg 0 7050 0 3200 gt 2_ P 1 2750 0 0000 Sg 1 2750 0 3200 Figure 76 The program window shows two cuts after the cut definition When the cuts are defined it is possible to switch into the post processing mode the button A In this window it is possible to select which quantities are displayed along the cut lines Same data as in the scalar plot are always displayed along the cuts therefore the
54. t available z Beam cc2 Ef General data EH Materials Topology Joints Af Line Macro elements Openings Bar reinforcement EH Contact ambiguity o orts Fe wo D un E Check data ER Analysis steps Monitoring points ER Solution Parameters E Bad Ei Add Edf k Emaye Items 0 a Set ZGLWE I Figure 38 The load case definition starts by highlighting the Load cases item in the data access tree and clicking the Add button in the Load cases table 23 New load case x r Load case LC name Load case with supports LC Code Body force De coeff Body force Forces Supports Dead load Prescribed deformation 10000 m gt Add x cancel Figure 39 The first load case will contain the horizontal and vertical supports LC number New load case x Load case LC name Load case with actions LC Code Forces LO czaft Body force Forces Supports Dead load Prescribed deformation y Temperature Shrinkage 1 0000 imi Pre stressing w Xara Figure 40 The second load case will contain the prescribed deformation at the top steel plate e wey LC number iE Load cases Sr Ie ec LI 2 Load case with actions Prescribed deformat 1 000 active Figure 41 The list of created load cases in the L
55. t processing mode It is necessary to switch into the input mode before new steps can be defined The new load steps are defined in analogy to the process described in Section 3 9 by adding new analysis steps in the Analysis steps table Add analysis steps x Analysis step Step multiplier Load cases 1 2 Multiplier Bl r Solution Parameters Solution Parameters IV Save load step results gt Add x cancel Figure 62 The dialog box for the new analysis steps Same properties are used as in Section 3 9 ii Analysis steps EA Number analysis PER HERE Solution Parameters 2 3 000 Pararneters Sj 2 Solution Parameters ie Remove EEN 2 3 000 Jar Parameters gt 40 41 2 3 000 Solution Parameters No Items 40 Figure 63 The table with the analysis steps after the definition of additional 20 steps After the definition of new load steps the analysis can be restarted again by clicking the A button 36 5 Post processing 5 1 Introduction After the finite element analysis is completed or terminated the program automatically enters into the post processing mode The post processing can be entered also by clicking the button a This action is meaningful only after the analysis has been performed otherwise there would be no results to visualize 5 2 Post processing window The layout of the post processing window is shown in F
56. t step should be the definition of material groups and material properties Selecting the item Materials from the data access tree opens the Materials table I Materials of Material narne Number Number eferences i Eni Remove Items O Figure 5 The Materials table from which new materials can be added or existing materials can be modified or removed Clicking the Add button on the material table window creates a new material For the current problem it is necessary to define three material types one plane stress elastic material for the steel plates at support and loading points concrete material for the beam and reinforcement material New material x Material type 3D Cementitious Plane Stress Elastic Isotropic Plane Strain Elastic Isotropic Axi Sym Elastic Isotropic 1D Elastic Isotropic 3D Cementitious 3D Non Linear Cementitious SBeta Material 3D BiLinear Steel Von Mises Figure 6 Selection of plane stress elastic isotropic material for the steel plates New material Plane Stress Elastic Isotropic x Name Steel plates Basic Miscellaneous Elastic modulus E 2 100E 05 MPa Poisson s ratio MU 0 300 Material 1 lt Previous A Finish X Cancel Figure 7 The dialog for the definition of material properties for the steel plates p Material type 13D Cementitious 3D Cementitious 3D Non Linear Cementitious
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