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IGD`278 USEFI`S MANUAL

1. ICD 278 FOR 280 USER S MANUAL Copyright 1985 U S ZAX CORPORATION All Rights Reserved Part No 20 101 00 Rev A Printed June 1985 Limitations on Warranties and Liability ZAX Corporation warrants this equipment to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one 1 year from the original shipment date from ZAX This warranty is limited to the repair and replace ment of parts and the necessary labor and services required to repair this equipment During the l year warranty period ZAX will repair or replace at its option any defective equipment or parts at no additional charge provided that the equipment is returned shipping prepaid to ZAX The purchaser is responsible for insuring any equipment returned and assumes the risk of loss during shipment Except as specified below the ZAX Warranty covers all defects in materials and workmanship The following are not covered Damage as a result of accident misuse abuse or as a result of installation operation modification or service on the equipment damage resulting from failure to follow instructions contained in the User s Manual damage resulting from the performance of repairs by someone not authorized by ZAX and any ZAX equipment on which the serial number has been defaced modified or removed Limitation of Implied Warranties ALLIMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2. SHOWS THE VALUES OF ALL THE REGISTERS gt R PC SP SZHPNC A BC DE HL IX IV AF B C DE HL IF SP HL 0000 0000 000000 00 0000 2FFF 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 00 O 0000 00 This example illustrates how a register is changed to a new value and the two ways that it can be checked 2 94 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes Command Example ICD 278 for 280 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE SEARCH SEARCH Searches the memory contents and displays the matching or unmatching data if any S W D beg adar end adar search data W Word search if omitted byte search is made D Search for unmatching data if omitted search is made for matching data beg adar Address to begin search end addr Address to end search search data Data to search for S D 100 7FES55 This command displays items on a line for line basis To control the scrolling of the display alternately press the space bar To exit the display press the Escape Esc key Spacing A space is required before beg adar No spaces are permitted where the commas act as separators See Syntax Example above This example illustrates that a search of the memory contents is made from address 100 to address 7FF The display will show all locations that contain data other than 55H ZAX Corporation 2 95 SUPERVISOR Command Oper
3. Command BREAK Event Breakpoint Passcount Operation Sets the passcount for the event breakpoint Syntax B E passcount Terms passcount The number of occurrences before a break from 4 to 65535 default 1 Syntax Example B E 4 ICD 278 for 280 ZAX Corporation 2 33 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 BREAK Command BREAK Write Protect Breakpoint Operation Causes a break in the user program if the program attempts to write into a protected memory area see the MAP command After the break the ICD responds with a message that reads Break Write Protect If this break is disabled any attempt to write to a protected memory location will fail thereby preserving its integrity however program execution will continue without causing a break Syntax B W switch Terms switch ON or OFF Syntax Example B W ON Notes ON enables the write protect feature and OFF disables the e write protect feature The write protect feature is automatical ly activated when the ICD boots up Spacing A space is required between B W and switch No spaces are permitted between B W 2 34 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O I Section 2 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE BREAK Command Example Execute this sequence gt MA 0 FFF RO lt SETS MEMORY AS READ ONLY gt MA FROM ADDRESS 0 TO FFF In Circuit Mode 0 US gt RW 0000 0FFF RO SHOWS STATUS OF MEMORY IS READ ONLY 1000 FFFF
4. How To Get Your ICD Working Checking Electrical Connections Diagnosing ICD Interface Problems ICD and External Cooling Fan ICD and Terminal ICD with Target System Connected What To Do If The ICD Still Doesn t Work More About Your ICD Introduction Accessory Cables amp Probes Data Bus Emulation Connector Emulation Select Switch Section 1 ICD 278 for Z8O Section1l Introduction A Word of Caution Getting Acquainted With Your ICD ICD 278 for Z8O ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION In Section 1 you ll learn about the different parts of your ICD what they do and how to use them You ll also learn how to connect the ICD to your system terminal host computer tar get system and find out about how to use the accessories that come with the ICD Your ICD has a few special features that you should know about too you can find information about these features in this section as well You shouldn t try to attach the ICD to any external device before you finish reading this section As long as the power Cord is disconnected you can t hurt anything internally but don t connect the ICD to your target system before you read How to Connect Your ICD to Other Devices Although it s difficult it is possible to get the cables to the target system reversed which could result in damage to the ICD s internal components Your ZAX ICD series in circuit emulator is a microprocessor emulation d
5. RW FROM ADDR 0 TO FFFF gt B W ON lt ENABLES THE WRITE PROTECT FEATURE gt B E OFF 4 0 T ON S DI LD A A 7FH W ON This example shows how the write protect feature might be used First memory within the ICD is mapped from 0 to FFF as read only Because the in circuit status isI 0 debugging using the ICD s memory only any area mapped as user target system memory is now remapped as read write memory in the ICD This causes all remaining memory areas to act as read write memory Next the write protect feature is enabled ON using the BREAK Write Protect Breakpoint command Finally the break status is checked to verify the changes The ICD now causes a break if an attempt is made to write into memory locations O to FFF ICD 278 for Z8O ZAX Corporation 2 35 BREAK Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes Command Example MASTER COMMAND GUIDE 2 36 ZAX Corporation BREAK Timeout Breakpoint Causes a break in the user program when the ICD is unable to access the target memory contents within a certain time period If the wait signal is activated for more than 128 clock cycles a time out condition will occur After the break the ICD responds with an error message that reads Break Time out Applications Note This break command can be used to flag an un negated wait condition caused by the target system This could be caused by a problem in the hardware or it
6. gt T DISPLAYS THE CURRENT TRACE Trace is Clear lt SHOWS INACTIVE TRACE gt T A lt SETS TRACE TO ALL DISPLAY gt T lt DISPLAYS NEW TRACE SETTING ON ALL OOOO FFFF lt SHOWS ALL SPECIFICATION gt T J SEISTRACE TO JUMP ONLY DISPLAY gt T DISPLAYS NEW TRACE SETTING ON JUMP 0000 FFFF lt lt SHOWS JUMP SPECIFICATION 2 100 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes Command Example ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE TRACE TRACE Qualification Enables disables or clears the trace setting Applications Note This command can be used to temporarily disable the software trace feature without affecting its location within the program or its parameter specifications T switch switch 2 ON OFF or CLR T ON If ON is specified the trace specification becomes valid If OFF is specified the trace specification is disabled If CLR is specified the trace specification becomes cleared Spacing A space is required between T and switch See the Syntax Example above and the TRACE Specifica tion command ZAX Corporation 2 101 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 TRACE Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes TRACE Specification Performs a software trace of the program in non real time Applications Note This command allows a section of the user program to be displayed
7. LEAVE VALUE GO TO NEXT LOCATION 0026 EB29 LEAVE VALUE GO TO PREVIOUS LOCATION 0024 FFFE 0 CHANGE VALUE AND EXIT COMMAND gt E 20 0020 55z EXAMINE ONLY 0021 44 0022 48 0023 49 0024 00 0025 00 gt 2 46 ZAX Corporation Section 2 ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes Command Example ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE FILL FILL Fills a block of memory with either hexadecimal or ASCII codes F W N beg__adadr end__adar data W Fill memory contents of a word basis the default is a byte basis N No verify the default is to read verify after write beg__adar The block beginning address to be filled end__adar The block ending address to be filled data Data that fills the block F 100 3FF 55 Spacing A space is required before beg addr No spaces are permitted where the commas act as separators See Syntax Example above This example fills memory from address 100 to address 3FF with a data value of 55 ZAX Corporation 2 47 GO Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes Example Command 2 48 ZAX Corporation MASTER COMMAND GUIDE GO Executes the user s program G beg__adar ena__adar end__adar 2 beg adar The address to begin execution end addr The last address to execute end adar 2 Optional second ending address G G 100 G 0
8. LOCAL mode configuration When using the ICD in the REMOTE mode this port can be used as an auxiliary I O HOST AUX Port Connector Accepts male end of an RS 232 cable to attach the ICD to a host computer system when the ICD is operating in the REMOTE mode ICD commands can then be entered using the computer s keyboard When using the ICD in a stand alone LOCAL mode configuration this port dumps object code registers or memory to a host computer or printer LOCAL REM Local Remote Select Switch This switch is used to select which port TERMINAL or HOST AUX the ICD will use to receive commands BAUDRATE Switches TERMINAL and HOST AUX These switches are used to set the baud rates for the TERMINAL and HOST AUX ports The factory setting is 1 9600 bps To change the baud rates of the ICD see Technical References SIO module DCE DTE Select Switch This switch is used to set the HOST AUX port to either RS 232 data terminal equipment DTE or data communications equipment DCE Use the DTE setting if the ICD is used with a host computer Use the DCE setting ifa printer is connected to the HOST AUX port The TERMINAL port is always DCE DB EMUL Data Bus Emulation Connector Accepts female end of the Data Bus Emulation Cable See More About Your ICD for details on how to use this cable Top In circuit Probe Receptacle Accepts female end of the Top In circuit Probe Bottom In circuit Probe Receptacle Accepts
9. Map Confrol External Break Probes Emulation Quality Event Trigger Probes CPU In circuit Probe ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section 1 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION Contents SECTION 1 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION 14 Ll 1 1 1 2 13 18 1 8 1 8 1 9 1 10 1l 1 12 1 13 ICD 278 for Z8O Introduction A Word Of Caution Getting Acquainted With Your ICD A Few Features The Controls and Component Functions Of Your ICD How To Connect Your ICD To Other Devices Your Goal A Microprocessor Development System Your System s Environment Hardware or Software Terminal or Host Computer Controlled Reviewing The Operation Modes Summing It AllUp System Preparation Grounds Power Important Facts About The CPU In Circuit Probe Using The ICD Without A Target System Terminal Controlled Using The ICD Without A Target System Terminal Controlled Host Storage Using The ICD Without A Target System Host Computer Controlled Using The ICD With A Target System Terminal Controlled Using The ICD With A Target System Terminal Controlled Host Storage Using The ICD With A Target System Host Computer Controlled What Can You Do With Your MDS What To Do If Your MDS Is Not Working Trouble Shooting Introduction The Problem And The Solution What Should Happen ZAX Corporation 1 A ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION Contents 128 ZAX Corporation
10. could be inherent in the design If the problem lies in the design this feature should be disabled But if it isa hardware problem disabling this feature could cause the ICD to lock up due to a continuously activated wait condition This feature can also act as a safeguard for the target s refresh period if Dynamic RAMs are being used B T switch switch ON or OFF B T OFF ON enables the timeout feature and OFF disables the timeout feature The timeout feature is automatically activated when the ICD boots up Spacing A space is required between B T and switch No spaces are permitted between B T See Syntax Example above Section 2 ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes Command Example ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE COMPARE COMPARE Compares the contents of specified memory blocks within the ICD or target system and then displays the non matching data The comparison can be made between different memory blocks as mapped to the ICD or between one block of memory within the ICD and one in the target system CO beg__adar end__adar comp__adar direction beg addr The beginning address for comparison end adadr The ending address for comparison comp__adar The beginning memory address to be compared direction UP or PU CO 4100 3FF 1000 UP If UP is selected beg adar is user memory and comp addr
11. emulation ICE In Circuit Enable Lamp This LED comes on when the ICD is operating in the in circuit mode Il or I2 MONITOR Break Switch This switch is used to return control to the ICD monitor during emulation POWER Lamp This LED comes on to indicate that power is being supplied to the ICD 6 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section 1 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION FH ON POWER a H ZED IN CIRCUIT DEBUGGER 278 EMULATABLE UP TO 6MHz Now turn to the next chapter to learn how to connect your ICD to your system ICD 278 for Z8O ZAX Corporation 1 7 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION How to Connect Your ICD To Other Devices Your Goal A Microprocessor Development System Your System s Environment 1 8 ZAX Corporation In the main introduction you read that properly connecting the ICD to your system was one of the most important things you would learn in this manual The following information will show you how to connect the ICD s components what cables to con nect and where they go and which switches are set to what positions Once you have completed the procedures outlined in this chapter you ll have what is called a Microprocessor Development System MDS By using the commands and applications found in Section 2 you ll be able to perform a remarkable variety of debugging operations with your MDS Before you connect your ICD to anything you ll need to answ
12. is ICD program memory If PU is selected beg adar is ICD program memory and comp adar is user memory If direction is omitted memory locations are specified by the MAP command This command displays non matching data on a line for line basis To control the scrolling of the display alternately press the space bar To exit the display press the Escape Esc key Spacing A space is required between CO and beg addr No spaces are permitted after beg addr commas are used to separate the remaining parameters See Syntax Example above This example shows that a memory block 100 to 3FF in the target system is compared with a block of memory in the ICD beginning at address 1000 Any unmatching data will be displayed along with the location addresses ZAX Corporation 2 37 DISASSEMBLE Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes Command Example MASTER COMMAND GUIDE 38 ZAX Corporation DISASSEMBLE Translates the memory contents from machine language to assembly language mnemonics and then displays the con verted contents The opposite translation assembly language mnemonics to machine language is accomplished by using the ASSEMBLE command DI beg__adar end__adar beg__adar The beginning memory address in the program end addr The ending memory address in the program DI 100 200 Di 20 DI DI L40 If beg__adar is omitted disassembly begins at the curren
13. puter DCE for other personal computers 9600 bps NOTE To change the ICD s buad rates see the chart on the opposite page POWER ON OFF Switch gt ON At this point you will have to load the ZICE software program necessary for interfacing the ICD to your host computer Execute the program loading commands as outlined in the ZICE software documentation Baud Rates V The following message should now appear on your monitor s screen you may have to press the RESET switch on the ICD ICD 278 for Z80 V2 0 Now turn to page 1 26 1 24 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section 1 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION G ICD s HOST AUX port Host computer s SIO port C ICD s In circuit probe receptacle Target system s CPU socket Qe Use chart below to change baud rate for ICD s HOST AUX port HOST COMPUTER Baud Rate SwichNo o 2 3 4 5 eoj 7 8 o jsrc oie Boud Rale pps 192 9 eK4 8Kp Aq 2600 300 150 75 10134 200 t 8K 2K ICD 278 for Zao ZAX Corporation 1 25 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION Section 1 What Can You Do You should now have a fully operational Microprocessor De With Your MDS velopment System MDS capable of developing and debug ging your hardware or software designs If your MDS is func tioning correctly and the ICD s identification message appear ed on your monitor s screen you can now Turn to the Master Command Guide fo
14. with host data files Operation Mode LOCAL Facilities needed for this system configuration ICD Console Terminal Host Computer Target System CPU In circuit Probe 2 RS 232 cables To use the ICD in this mode construct the system configuration shown on the opposite page using the information below First Make sure that the power to the ICD and all externally attached devices terminal printer host computer target system is OFF then proceed as follows 1 Attach the COOLING FAN to the ICD and then plug the fan s connector to the receptacle labeled DC FAN POWER 2 Connect your terminal to the ICD by using an RS 232 cable Attach the cable from your ter minal s serial EIA RS 232 port to the ICD s TERMINAL port connector The ICD defaults to 9600 baud 8 data bits 2 stop bits and no parity set up your terminal to these specifications 3 Connect your terminal to the ICD by using an RS 232 cable Attach the cable from your host computer s serial EIA RS 232 port to the ICD s HOST AUX port connector 4 Remove the existing Z80 CPU from your target system and insert the IN CIRCUIT PROBE 40 pin end into the target system s CPU socket pin 1 of the ICD s In circuit probe socket goes into pin of the target system s CPU socket Connect the other end of the IN CIRCUIT PROBE to the ICD s TOP and BOTTOM In circuit Probe Receptacles THE LONGEST CABLE MUST BE CONNECTED TO THE TOP IN CIRCUIT PROBE RECEPTACLE 5 Plug the
15. without affecting their address locations within the program or their parameter specifications B name switch name 0 4 2 3 4 5 6 or 7 switch ON OFF or CLR B 3 ON B OFF 0 4 2 or 7 identifies software breakpoint names and more than one name can be specified at a time e g B 4 2 3 A OFF If the breakpoint name is omitted all the hardware and software breakpoints are affected ON enables the breakpoint OFF disables the breakpoint and CLR clears the break condition Spacing A space is required between name and switch No spaces are permitted between B name ZAX Corporation 2 27 Section 2 __MASTERCOMMANDGUIDE Section 2 BREAK Command Example Execute this sequence gt B CHECKS THE BREAKPOINT STATUS E OFF 4 O0 T ON S D LD A A 7FH W ON gt B 2 7FF lt SETS A SOFTWARE BREAKPOINT AT ADDR 7FF gt B S EN lt lt ENABLES THE SOFTWARE BREAKPOINTS gt B lt CHECKS THE BREAKPOINT STATUS AGAIN 2 ON O7FF 1 Q lt SHOWS THE SOFTWARE BREAK SA dice 0 BENCOS RAEN S EN LD A A 7FH W ON gt gt B 2 OFF lt DISABLES SOFTWARE BREAKPOINT 2 gt B CHECKS THE STATUS AGAIN 2 OFF O7FF 4 0 lt SHOWS SOFTWARE E OFF 1 0 BREAKPOINT 2 IS INACTIVE T ON S EN LD A A 7FH W ON gt This command shows how a software breakpoint is set enab led and then disabled After each operation the status of the breakpoints is checked against
16. 0 an ending adaress 3FF a comparison address 100 and dara 55 Address and Data Parameters The command numerical para meters for the ICD commands are described below addr beg addr comp addr mov addr stop addr search addr hexadecimal numbers in 16 bits 0 FFFF These parameters specify a memory address with 16 bit hexa decimal characters These parameters can be specified in an addition or subtraction equation or a bias can be added if off set registers 0 1 2 or 3 are provided ZAX Corporation 2 5 2 6 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE ZAX Corporation Don t care conditions may be specified for the BREAK and EVENT commands on a bit or nibble basis by entering X at the desired position Examples include 1A3X Don t care condition in hexadecimal notation May be specified in 4 bit units 0 F or X 101X XIXX 010X 1XX0 Don care condition in bi nary notation May be specified in 1 bit units 0 1 or X end addr hexadecimal numbers in 16 bits 0 FFFF or number of bytes in 16 bits 0 FFFF NOTE The byte format is Lannn where nnnn 0 FFFF data mod data and search data hexadecimal binary number in 8 16 bits 0 FFFF These parameters can be specified in an addition or subtraction equation but the offset registers cannot be used Don t care conditions may be specified for the EVENT com mand on a bit or nibble basis by entering X at the desired position E
17. 0022 4 O IND 0000__0000__0010__0010 B ON MW 2000 4 O IND 0010 0000 0000 0000 C ON OF 04100 O IND 0000 0004 0000 0000 E OFF T ON S EN HALT 76H W ON BIT WISE PHYSICAL ADDRESS INDEPENDENT OF OR ARMED Bv EVENT ELAPSED COUNT PASS COUNT ADDRESS BREAK OPERATION BREAK STATUS BREAK IDENTIFICATION NOTE A B C hardware break names E event break T ready timeout break S software break opcode W write protect break 2 16 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes Command Example ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE BREAK BREAK Hardware Breakpoint Qualification Enables disables or clears the setting of the hardware break points Applications Note This command can be used to temporarily disable hardware breakpoints set by the BREAK Hardware Breakpoint command without affecting their locations within the program or their parameter specifications B name switch name A B or C switch ON OFF or CLR B A ON B OFF A B or C identifies hardware breakpoint names and more than one name can be specified at a time e g B A C CLR If the breakpoint name is omitted all hardware and software breakpoints are affected ON enables the breakpoint s OFF disables the breakpoint s and CLR clears the break condition Spacing A space is required between name and switch If name is
18. 1 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION ON OFF Bit FOUR ON A 4 2 or 3 clock wait is inserted in each machine cycle OFF No clock wait is inserted in machine cycle The wait state produced by the ICD 278 can hold for a period of two optional one or three clocks wait states by connecting the WT 4C and 2C points on the S 793 CPU module Setting the wait state 1 clock cycle wait 2 clock cycle wait 3 clock cycle wait eo o o o o 1C Wt 2 C WTI 2 1C WT 2C Factory Setting ICD 278 for Z8O ZAX Corporation 1 41 Section 2 Contents ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE SECTION 2 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE 2 ICD COMMANDS 2 2 Host amp File Handling Commands 2 3 Introduction 2 4 Elements Within A Command Statement 2 8 Example Of The Command Format 2 10 How To Enter A Command 2 10 Command Example 2 11 Entering The Example Command 2 11 What To Do If You Make An Input Error 2 12 Error Messages 2 13 ASSEMBLE Command 2 15 BREAK Commands 2 16 Status 2 17 Hardware Breakpoint Qualification 2 18 Hardware Breakpoint Specification 2 20 Event then Hardware Breakpoint 2 21 ARM Initialize 2 23 Software Breakpoint Specification 2 25 Software Breakpoint Recognition 2 26 Software User Breakpoint Code 2 21 Software Breakpoint Qualification 2 29 External Signal Qualification 2 30 External Breakpoint Qualification 2 32 Event Breakpoint 2 33 Event Breakpoint Passcount 2 34 Write Protect Breakpoint
19. 1007 LD AB MER UB AGE 4008 CP 10H FOUND IN MEMORY 400A JP NZ 4004H LOCATION 1020H 400D LD AC 400E LD 4020H A 1044 CR HERE TO TERMINATE ENTRY gt gt DI 1000 lt DISPLAYS THE PROGRAM JUST ENTERED gt T A 1000 1100 lt TRACES ALL INSTRUCTIONS FROM ADDRESS 1000 TO ADDRESS 1100 gt G 1000 lt STARTS THE PROGRAM FROM ADDRESS 1000 AND 2094 9 A WVU THORP AVS TYG DuC INISA APIS R CTIONS AND DISPLAYS ONE LINE AT A TIME gt G 1000 lt STARTS PROGRAM AND DISPLAYS ONE LINE AT A TIME PRESS SPACE BAR TO SCROLL PRESS Esc TO EXIT gt T J lt DISPLAYS ONLY JUMP JP INSTRUCTIONS gt G 1000 STARTS PROGRAM AND DISPLAYS ONLY JUMP INSTRUCTIONS PRESS SPACE BAR TO SCROLL PRESS Esc TO EXIT gt T CLR lt CLEARS THE TRACE FEATURE This example is illustrated by first entering a simple program so that a trace can be performed on the program After the program is entered it is disassembled for inspection and then the trace parameters are specified This example shows that a trace is made of all the instruction lines from address 1000 to address 1100 The program is then run from address 1000 and the trace is displayed The next command shows how the Jump JP instruction command is specified Finally the trace feature is cleared from the ICD memory ZAX Corporation 2 103 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 USER Command USER Operation Allows a single console terminal to communicate with either the ICD or
20. 2 36 Timeout Breakpoint 2 31 COMPARE Command 2 38 DISASSEMBLE Command 2 39 DUMP Command 2 40 EVENT Commands 2 41 Status 2 42 Qualification 2 43 Specification 2 45 EXAMINE Command 247 FILL Command 2 48 GO Command ZAX Corporation 2 A MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 Contents 2 49 HISTORY Commands 2 59 Real time Trace Status 2 60 Real time Trace Counter Reset 2 61 Real time Trace Format Display 2 62 Real time Trace Storage Mode 2 10 Real time Trace Search 2 722 IDENTIFICATION Command 2 73 IN CIRCUIT Commands 2 13 Status 2 14 Specification 2 76 MAP Commands 2 16 Status 2 77 Specification 2 80 MOVE Command 2 81 NEXT Command 2 83 OFFSET Commands 2 83 Status 2 84 Specification 2 86 PIN Commands 2 86 Status 2 87 Specification 2 89 PORT Command 2 90 PRINT Command 2 91 REGISTER Commands 2 91 Status 2 92 Reset 2 93 Examine amp Change 2 95 SEARCH Command 2 96 SUPERVISOR Command 2 100 TRACE Commands 2 100 Status 2 101 Qualification 2 102 Specification 2 104 USER Command 2 105 LOAD Command 2 07 SAVE Command 2 109 VERIFY Command 2 111 HOST Command 2 112 QUIT Command 2 113 Command Syntax Summary 2 B ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 ICD COMMANDS Program Control Memory Control ICD 278 for 280 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE GO Starts the program execution BREAK Stops the program execution on a variety of different parameters EVENT Signals an eve
21. 800 All parameters for this command are optional If beg addr is omitted the program continues from the current program counter If end adar is omitted the program continues until a breakpoint or a monitor break When end addr 2 is specified the first location reached by execution end addr or end addr 2 will cause a break One hardware break point each must be available to activate both the end addr or end adar 2 parameters Spacing A space is required between G and any additional parameters Spaces are not permitted where commas are used to separate the parameters See Syntax Example above The first example starts the pro gram from the current program counter the second example starts the program from address 100 and the third example starts the program from 0 and stops it at address 800 Section 2 ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Command introduction Trace Width and Depth ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE HISTORY HISTORY Real time Tracing The real time trace is one of the most powerful and useful features of your ICD It allows you to record hence the name History command and then analyze a specific section of program execution rather than sift through the entire program looking for a problem Event points which you set in the pro gram can trigger the real time trace buffer to start or stop the data storage process when program execution begins or con tinues until a break oc
22. A 100 STARTS ASSEMBLING THE SAMPLE PROGRAM FROM ADDRESS 100 LD HL420H LD E2 LD A HL INC HL OR A JR NZ 3 LD AA A cr HERE TERMINATES THE INPUT gt gt B S EN lt ENABLES ALL SOFTWARE BREAKPOINTS B C OF 106 lt SETS HARDWARE BREAKPOINT C gt SU C ON USES BREAKPOINT C AS A SUPERVISOR CALL gt F 120 439 This is a SUPERVISOR call lt MESSAGE gt F 13A 143 message 0D 0A 00 lt lt MESSAGE gt G 100 lt RUNS PROGRAM FROM ADDRESS 400 This is a SUPERVISOR call message lt DISPLAY SHOWS MESSAGE THEN STOPS AT USER BREAKPOINT SP AF BC DE HL ik IY IF 0000 0044 0000 0012 0144 0000 0000 00 0 SP OFFB ZAX Corporation 2 97 SUPERVISOR MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 Supervisor Function Code Key for ICD 278 for Z8O Port Input Status Fetch Input Character from Port Port Output Status Fetch Entry Conditions Register E 01H Register E 1H Exit Conditions Register E Register A 00H Register A FFH Entry Conditions Register E 00H Register E 10H Exit Conditions Register E Register A Get input status from TERMINAL Port Get input status from HOST AUX Port Unchanged No data is available at specified Port Data has been received at specified Port Input character from TERMINAL Port Input character from HOST AUX Port Unchanged Character received from specified Port Note If no character is available at the specified port control w
23. OF THE REGISTERS gt R A AF lt SETS REGISTER A TO A VALUE OF AF gt R SHOWS THE STATUS OF THE REGISTERS AGAIN gt R RESET RESETS ALL REGISTER VALUES TO 0 gt R lt VERIFIES THE CHANGE TO 0 This example shows how register A is changed from 00 to AF and then set back to 00 using the REGISTER Reset com mand Section 2 Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE REGISTER REGISTER Examine and Change Examines and changes the contents of the Z80 internal regis ters R reg_name data reg_name Any one of the following registers A AN PC SP X IY B C BC E C BC D E DE D iE DE H L HL H L HL IF F F SZPNCY data New value for register contents R HL A000 R DE If R reg name is entered this command displays the current contents of the specified register If Gata is used this com mand changes the contents of the specified register to the new value For reg_name s IF S Z P N and CY only 0 and 4 are valid data entries Spacing A space is required between R and reg__types No spaces are permitted after reg__types the equal sign acts as the separator ZAX Corporation 2 93 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 REGISTER Command Example Execute this sequence gt R DE 2FFF SETS THE DE REGISTER TO 2FFF gt R DE lt SHOWS THE VALUE OF THE DE REGISTER 2FFF VALUE OF DE REGISTER gt R
24. Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE BREAK If passcounf is specified real time operation is momentarily lost each time the condition occurs If the passcount specifica tion is omitted 1 is assumed Spacing A space is required between name and status If name is omitted a space is required between B and status No spaces are permitted where commas are used as separators Execute this sequence gt B B OF 200 SPECIFIES HARDWARE BREAKPOINT gt B lt CHECKS BREAKPOINT STATUS B ON OFO200 1 O IND 0000 0040 0000 0000 E OFF T ON S D LD A A 7FH W ON gt B B OFF DISABLES HARDWARE BREAKPOINT B gt B lt CHECKS THE BREAKPOINT STATUS AGAIN B OFF OFO200 1 O IND 0000 0010 0000 0000 E OFF T ON S D LDAA 7FH W ON This example shows a hardware breakpoint is placed at ad dress 200 in the program and that the status to break on is an op code fetch The BREAK Status command is then used to verify the breakpoint setting Next the breakpoint is tempor arily disabled using the B B OFF command Again the BREAK Status command is used to show tbat the change has been made ZAX Corporation 2 19 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 BREAK Command BREAK Event then Hardware Breakpoint Operation Causes a break in the program at a hardware breakpoint A B and C but only after an event point is also passed see EVENT command The arm feature creates a simple level of sequen cing A th
25. a host computer Applications Note This command enables the ICD to assume a transparent condition when it is positioned between a con sole terminal and a host computer when the system is oper ating in the LOCAL terminal control of the ICD mode In this mode a console terminal connected to the ICD s TERMINAL port can communicate directly with a host computer con nected to the ICD s HOST AUX port Essentially the transparent mode uses the ICD as an interface or conduit between the two ports Syntax U code MR Be Sra out etc ee ea ee terminate the transparent communication mode Control returns to the ICD command mode when this character is entered from the terminal s keyboard Notes The Terminal to ICD baud rate should be at least double that of the ICD to Host baud rate Spacing A space is required between U and code Syntax Example U U 2 104 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE LOAD LOAD Downloads an Intel Hex file from the host computer to the ICD s memory or through the ICD to user memory Applications Note This command can be used in both LOCAL ICD controlled by a terminal and using a computer for stor age and REMOTE ICD controlled by a host computer run ning ZICE software modes L source filename bias message source T P A or H filen
26. female end of the Bottom In circuit Probe Section 1 ICD 278 for Z8O Section 1 ICD 278 for Z8O ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION E M SEL Emulation Select Switch This switch is used to set the machine cycle operation to the target system See More About Your ICD for details on what this switch does EXT BRK External Break Connector Accepts female end of the External Break Map Control cable See More About Your ICD for details about how to use this cable EVENT TRG Event Trigger Connector Accepts female end of the Event Trigger Emulation Qualify Cable See More About Your ICD for details about how to use this cable ZAX Corporation 1 5 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION Section 1 9 POWER ON OFF SWITCH This switch is used to supply power to the ICD CLOCK INT EXT SWITCH This switch is used to select either the ICD s internal clock INT or the target system s clock EXT external HALT Lamp This LED comes on after the ICD s CPU has stopped executing a HELP instruction or when a BUSAK BUS ACKNOWLEDGE is in progress RESET Switch This switch is used to reset the ICD monitor You can push it any time the MONITOR lamp is lit After you push the RESET switch you ll see the ICD s identification message on your terminal s monitor G MONITOR Lamp This LED comes on to indicate that control is currently in the ICD s monitor It will not be lit during
27. in a step by step manner by either automatically scrolling through the program or moving through the program one line at a time T S mode beg__adar end__adoar S Single step mode mode Aor J beg adar Beginning address of memory to trace default 0 end__adar Ending address of memory to trace default FFFF T S J 100 300 T A 200 FFF S causes a single instruction to be executed each time the space bar is pressed The mode must be defined as either Aor J A means that all commands are traced and displayed and J means all instructions are traced but only Jump JP amp JR instructions are displayed If beg__adar is omitted the trace starts from address O If end adar is omitted the trace ends at address FFFF When beg adaror end__ador is specified all the instructions are traced but only the instructions within the specified address range are displayed The instructions that are located outside of the address parameters are executed in non real time as well Spacing A space is required between T and mode or T S and mode No spaces are permitted where commas act as separators 2 102 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Command Example ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE TRACE Execute this sequence gt A 1000 STARTS ASSEMBLING PROGRAM AT ADDR 4000 4000 LD BCO 4003 XOR A 4004 ADD AC SIMPLE PROGRAM THAT 1005 LD CA QNEMRMAON 1006 INC B REN OFH THE
28. memory as user target memory Accepts a LOW level input signal from an external component to trigger a break during the program execution ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION How It s Used The EQ signal can be used as an emulation in progress indicator or to remove unwanted signals during emulation The Event Trigger output is useful when a timing analysis of some external circuitry not controlled by the ICD is desired In this application the LOW level signal could be used to trigger a logic analyzer or oscilloscope The ROM RAM selection process is helpful when developing a system which uses phantom ROM ROM that operates for the system bootstrap procedure and then hides behind the main memory The Map Control signal lets you access the same user memory address space that is occupied by the phantom ROM The External Break input is useful in capturing information usually on the hardware level that exists outside of the control of the microprocessor ZAX Corporation 1 35 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION Data Bus Emulation Connector Description Location Function Application ICD 278 Z80 1 36 ZAX Corporation The Data Bus Emulation Connector is an eight pin socket con nector with eight plug in leads on the end of the connector Plugs into the DB EMUL connector on the side of the ICD See The Controls And Component Functions Of Your ICD The Data Bus Emulat
29. monitor calls in order to stop the program execu tion at a particular point in the program This provides real time operation until the break Several software breakpoints can be set throughout the program and selectively enabled and disabled Also an unlimited number of user breakpoints can be assembled into the code throughout the program The ICD can also implement hardware breakpoints which recognize machine cycles but do not disturb normal software execution Hardware breakpoints can cause the ICD hard ware to monitor the address and status signals for a specified condition When the conditions are met a break occurs Both hardware and software breakpoints can be activated enabled and then temporarily deactivated disabled with out affecting their location addresses within the program or their parameter specifications Another break feature allows the ICD to use a probe to receive a signal from a peripheral which can then cause a break in the program See More About Your ICD in Section 1 Read about how to use the accessory cables and probes There are 15 different BREAK command formats See each format for an explanation and an example ZAX Corporation 2 15 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 BREAK Command BREAK Status Operation Displays the current status of the break command Use this command to check the condition of the breakpoint settings Syntax B Command Example gt B A ON OF
30. omitted a space is required between B and switch See Syntax Example above and the BREAK Hardware Breakpoint Specification command ZAX Corporation 2 17 BREAK Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes MASTER COMMAND GUIDE 2 18 ZAX Corporation BREAK Hardware Breakpoint Specification Sets a hardware breakpoint within the user program Setting a hardware break configures the emulator hardware to monitor the address and status signals for the specified condition to occur When the conditions are met in the program a break occurs B name status adar passcount name A B or C status Any one of eight types of break status including M memory access P port access MR memory read MW memory write PR portread PW port write OF operation code fetch lA X interrupt acknowledge adar The address to break on passcount The number of times the condition occurs before breaking from 1 to 65535 B C M 000X 4141X XXXX 0000 A B or C identifies hardware breakpoint names If the name is omitted the next available breakpoint is used With this command adar can be specified by a binary or hexadecimal notation To specify a don t care condition in l bit units binary notation or in 4 bit units hexadecimal nota tion write X at the required position ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Section 2 Command Example ICD 278 for
31. properly you can refer direct ly to Section 2 to find out how to enter any ofthe emulator com mands Each command s function is examined along with the format needed to use the command Once you re familiar with the command syntax you can use the fold out Command Ref erence Guide located in the front of the manual If you need a refresher course on emulation principles turn to Appendix A If you re not sure how to apply the commands in an actual emulation session we call it debugging turn to Appendix B for a demonstration Use Section 3 for a reference it contains technical information that you may find useful later on You can use Section 4 if you re writing your own support software programs to interface your host computer to the emulator Oh by the way any time a word or phrase is used and you don t understand its meaning turn to the Clossary at the back of this manual It contains definitions for a number of common engineering terms as well as many specialized microprogram ming terms One last thing the official name of your emulator is the ICD 278 for Z80 ICD stands for IN CIRCUIT DEBUGGER 278 is the model number That s quite a mouthful though so to shorten things up we ll use the initials ICD whenever we mean the ICD 278 in circuit debugger emulator or in circuit emulator Now turn to Section 1 and get started ICD 278 for Z8O Cooling Fan Ps Em Bus Emulation Connector and Test Clip
32. sends or suppresses the RD signal Bits 2 amp 3 and inserts 1 2 or 3 wait states into the ma chine cycle Bit 4 Application See the individual bit settings that follow Using The Emulation Set the bits to the ON or OFF position with a small pointed Select Switch tool ON OFF OFF NORMAL ON AUTO 2 CLOCK WAIT OFF ON ON NORMAL OFF ON NORMAL OFF DO 7 CUTOFF BY MAPPING F RD INHIBIT BY MAPPING NOTE FACTORY BIT SETTINGS NOTE DO NCT SET BITS 2 amp 3 TO THE ON POSITION AT THE SAME TIME ICD 278 for Z8O 1 38 ZAX Corporation Section I ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION ON TH orf E Bit ONE OFF Disables the ICD s data bus pins D0 D7 from the target system s data bus ON D0 D7 output to the target system from the ICD s data bus Normal setting MEMORY VO DEVICES DISABLE DATA BUFFER TARGET SYSTEM ICD ICD 278 for Z80 ZAX Corporation 1 39 2 ON 3 OFF 2 OFF 3 ON ICD MEMORY 280 RD 1 40 Z80 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION Section 1 MENT x MEET OFF E Bit TWO OFF Bit THREE Outputs the RD signal to the target system independently of the Mapping command Normal setting RD signal does not output to the target system when executing out of the ICD memory Used in the in circult mode I only i O DEVICES MEMORY TARGET SYSTEM ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section
33. terminal are Terminal responds witha What s Probably Wrong C error message when On some terminals the ICD will only recognize a command any of the commandsare thatis stated with capital letters e g R not r entered What To Do Press the Lock or Caps Lock button on your keyboard to the locked position If you ve reached this point with no problems your difficulty probably lies in the ICD failing to emulate your target system Now connect the ICD to your target system and then read through the next checkout procedure 1 30 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section 1 ICD with Target System Connected PROBLEM Terminal doesn t work properly Terminal works all right but the ICD still doesn t emulate properly ICD 278 for Z8O ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION Connect the target system to the ICD using the CPU in circuit probe Use a terminal to control the ICD SOLUTION What s Probably Wrong There is either an interface problem or a defect with a com ponent in the system What To Do Check that the ICD is properly connected to your target sys tem that the target system has power and that the terminal is set up correctly Select the EXTERNAL EXT clock and press the RESET switch on the ICD The ICD s identification message and prompt should appear If no prompt appears on EXTER NAL clock setting switch to INTERNAL INT clock and press RESET again With INT selected the ICD and t
34. the port address accesses the I O port space P port adar mod data port adadr Starting address for display mod data New data for this location P FF 23 P 55 If mod data is omitted the command enters a repeat mode which allows several locations to be changed The repeat mode includes return Cr to display the next byte word of data comma to display the same byte word of data caret to display previous byte word of data slash to exit the PORT command Spacing A space is required between P and port addr No spaces are permitted between port_adar and mod data the equal sign acts as the separator See Syntax Example The first example illustrates how the port located at address FF is changed to a data value of 23 The second example allows the ports to be modified beginning at address 55 See EXAMINE command examples for additional information ZAX Corporation 2 89 PRINT Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes Command Example 2 90 ZAX Corporation MASTER COMMAND GUIDE PRINT Controls logging of ICD commands by sending the terminal display to an external serial printer PR switch switch ON or OFF PR ON ON enables the printing feature and OFF disables the printing feature The printing is routed to the HOST AUX port when the ICD is in LOCAL mode and to the host printer when the ICD is in REMOTE mode using ZICE or the LOCA
35. while attempting to replace Misrecovered at original contents of a software break location NOTE s refer to address locations in the program 2 12 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE ASSEMBLE ASSEMBLE Translates simple to understand mnemonic instructions into machine language The opposite translation machine lan guage to assembly language mnemonics is accomplished using the DISASSEMBLE command Applications Note The In Line Assembler in the ICD is a powerful software tool that can be used for writing patches into program code that has either been downloaded from a host computer or originated in the target system This feature also lets you quickly write your own routines develop small pro grams write hardware software test routines etc Amem__adar cr Xxxx Z80 assembly code cr xxx CI mem addr The beginning memory address where assembled code is stored Xxxx The current storage location Z80 assembly code The mnemonic instruction to be assembled and stored lt cr gt Exits the assemble mode gt A 100 ZAX Corporation 2 13 ASSEMBLE Notes Command Example MASTER COMMAND GUIDE 2 14 ZAX Corporation The ICD will not accommodate the keyboard entry EX AEAF AF prime as would normally be entered by a programmer Instead enter EX AF A
36. 000 0000 0000 0000 00 o 0000 Break Hardware A gt gt 2 68 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O e eee Section 2 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE HISTORY Now enter gt H D DISPLAYS REAL TIME TRACE CONTENTS IN DISASSEMBLED FORMAT USE THE SPACE BAR TO CONTROL SCROLLING PRESS THE ESC KEY TO EXIT POINT T ADDR DT ST OP 2047 075F 00 NOP 2046 0760 00 NOP J 4 i i 1922 0700 00 NOP l 4 i l 0002 0764 00 NOP 0004 PAUSE NOTE Indicates event point ICD 278 for Z8O ZAX Corporation 2 69 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 HISTORY Command HISTORY Real time Trace Search Operation Allows you to search through the History trace buffer for cer tain specified operations For example find all ofthe times a memory write operation to memory location 1234H occurred Syntax H SJ data cycle Lint point ferm point Terms addr Value to search for data Data to search for cycle Type of machine cycle and includes one of the fol lowing MR memory read MW memory write PR port read PW port write M opcode fetch lA interrupt acknowledge HA halt acknowledge int point Initial point of display from 1 to 2047 term point Point at which display terminates from 1 to 2047 Syntax Example H 4100 55 MR 200 100 2 70 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Notes Command Example ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE HISTORY
37. 2 11 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 Error Messages If you enter a parameter incorrectly use an invalid address or forget to use a space at the appropriate place the ICD will respond with an error message The error messages and causes are shown below and on the back of the fold out Com mand Reference Guide Error Message C P gt n Break Busy Unable Soft Break Multi Break Address Input Error Check Sum Error File Name Error Not Local Mode Not Remote Mode Displayed when an unrecognizable command is entered a parameter code error occurs a modifier code error occurs the break specification exceeds the limit a software break is set at the address presently not mapped in RAM a software break is set at the same address an input error occurs a check sum error occurs a parameter code error occurs with the LOAD or VERIFY commands a LOCAL mode command is used when the system is in the REMOTE mode a REMOTE mode command is used when the system is in the LOCAL mode Memory Write Error at there is a memory modification error 1 O Timeout Error at a timeout error occurs at a specific address Memory Timeout Error memory or I O in the target system does not at respond to an ICD access Memory Guarded Access when a user program attempts to access an area Error at mapped as NO memory Software Break Instruction an error has occurred
38. 278 for 280 ZAX Corporation 2 59 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 HISTORY Command HISTORY Real time Trace Counter Reset Operation Clears resets the clock counter Syntax H CLR Notes Spacing A space is required between H and CLR Command Example See the examples that begin on page 2 63 2 60 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes Command Example ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE HISTORY HISTORY Real time Trace Format Display Allows the contents of the real time trace buffer to be dis played in either machine cycle format or disassembled format H mode int poinfl ferm point mode MorD int point Initial point of display from 4 to 2047 term point Point at which display terminates from 4 to 2047 H M 200 100 HD M specifies to display the program execution in machine cycle format D displays the program execution in disassembled format With this command inf point must be greater than or equal to ferm point The storage pointer is numbered by bus cycles displayed from high to low where 1 is the most recent bus cycle This command displays items on a line for line basis To con trol the scrolling of the display alternately press the space bar To exit the display press the Escape Esc key Spacing A space is required between H and mode No spaces are permitted where commas are used as s
39. AC POWER CORD into the ICD s power receptacle then connect the other end of the cable to the same power source that is used by the target system Now Set This To This 100V 447V 200V 240V gt 110V 417V LOCAL REM gt LOCAL INT EXT gt EXT DCE DTE gt DTE if you re using ZAX s BOX microcom puter DCE for other personal computers Baud Rates gt 9600 bps NOTE To change the ICD s baud rates see the chart on the opposite page POWER ON OFF Switch gt ON The following message should now appear on your monitor s screen you may have to press the RESET switch on the ICD ICD 278 for 280 V2 0 Now turh to page 1 26 1 22 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section 1 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION Q e e TERMINAL Terminal s EIA RS 232 port ICD s TERMINAL port ICD s HOST AUX port Computer s SIO port ICD s In circuit probe receptacle Target system s CPU socket Use chart below to change baud rates for ICD s TERMINAL and HOST AUX ports HOST STORAGE Baud RateSwtchNo o T 4 2 8 4 5 5o v 8 9 A B c D E F Baud Rate bps 19 2 9 eKl4 eK A t 2 600 300 150 75 110 134 5 200 8K 2K ICD 278 for Z8O ZAX Corporation 1 23 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION Section 1 USING THE ICD WITH A TARGET SYSTEM HOST COMPUTER CONTROLLED System Configuration Host computer contr
40. AP BC DE HL IX IY IF SP Now enter gt H D lt DISPLAYS REALTIME TRACE CONTENTS IN DISASSEMBLED FORMAT USE THE SPACE BAR TO CONTROL SCROLLING PRESS THE ESC KEY TO EXIT POINT T ADDR DT ST OP 2047 0000 00 NOP 2046 0001 00 NOP Y Y i i 0002 O7FD 00 NOP 0001 PAUSE NOTE Indicates trigger point 2 64 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O a eT O Section 2 PC MC OP MASTER COMMAND GUIDE HISTORY Example trace mode Begin Event Command format H BE Trace range 2K This example continues from the Begin Monitor example gt H CLR lt RESETS THE CLOCK COUNTER gt H BE SETS THE REAL TIME TRACE TO THE BEGIN EVENT MODE gt EV ST OF A 1770 lt SETS AN EVENT POINT gt B A OF 41F40 SETS A HARDWARE BREAKPOINT TO TERMINATE EMULATION gt G 0O STARTS EMULATION ICD RUNS PROGRAM STOPS AT BREAKPOINT A AND DISPLAYS SP AF BC DE HL ik Y IF SP IF40 00 NOP 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 00 O 0000 Break Hardware A gt gt ICD 278 for Z8O Now enter gt H D DISPLAYS REAL TIME TRACE CONTENTS IN DISASSEMBLED FORMAT USE THE SPACE BAR TO CONTROL SCROLLING PRESS THE ESC KEY TO EXIT POINT T ADDR DT ST OP 2002 1770 00 NOP 2001 4774 00 NOP 4 i 1 l 0002 4F40 00 NOP 0001 PAUSE NOTE Indicates event point ZAX Corporation 2 65 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 HISTORY PC ME 00 NOP 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 00 O 0000 IFAO Exam
41. ARGET SYSTEM S MEMORY RESOURCES gt MA SHOWS HOW THE MEMORY IS CATEGORIZED In Circuit Mode 2 RW RO 7 US 0000 O0FFF RO 1000 4FFF US 2000 FFFF RW In this example the 2 debugging using target system mem ory only is selected which therefore categorizes read write and read only memory areas from 0 to FFFF as user target memory RW RO gt US A third example follows gt 0 USES ICD S MEMORY RESOURCES MA SHOWS HOW THE MEMORY IS CATEGORIZED In Circuit Mode 0 US RW 0000 FFFF 2 RW In this example the 0 debugging using ICD memory only is selected which is the default condition for the ICD When the status of the MAP command is examined it shows that user target system memory acts as read write memory Read only memory can still be specified in this mode ZAX Corporation 2 79 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 MOVE Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes Command Example 2 8O ZAX Corporation MOVE Moves the memory contents between different locations within the ICD or between the ICD and the target system M beg adar end addr mov adar direction beg adar Beginning address of data source end addr Ending address of data source mov addr Beginning address for destination direction 2 UP or PU M 4100 200 100 UP UP means that the source is user target system memory and the destination is ICD program memory PU means th
42. ASSEMBLES FROM ADDRESS 242 THE OFFSET VALUE 2452 RE P OF92FH DISPLAY BEGINS 2455 dos t AT 2240 242 2452 2456 icd ide A B 2457 Vue elc NOTE Example display ZAX Corporation 2 85 PIN Command Operation Syntax Command Example MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 PIN Status Displays the current status of the PIN Specification com mand PI gt P SHOWS STATUS OF INTERRUPT SIGNALS In Circuit Mode 4 NMI EN H INT EN H BUSRQ EN This example shows that the in circuit mode is 1 which allows the interrupt signals to be individually enabled and disabled With this example all interrupt signals are enabled EN If the be rrapiea ana m ufe tilda was tu an iinerrubi signa woula automatically be disabled H shows that the current logic levels of the signal are high The slash after the signal name signifies an active low signal 2 86 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE PIN PIN Specification Masks or unmasks selected input signals when the in circuit mode is 4 Pl signal switch signal 2 NMI Non Maskable Interrupt INT Maskable Interrupt Request BUSRQ Bus Request switch EN or DI PI BUSRQ DI The parameters for this command are only valid when the in circuit mode is 1 When the in circuit m
43. Baud Rates gt 9600 bps NOTE To change the ICD s baud rates see the chart on the opposite page POWER ON OFF Switch gt ON The following message should now appear on your monitor s screen you may have to press the RESET switch on the ICD ICD 278 forZ80 V2 0 Now turn to page 1 26 1 16 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for 280 Section 1 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION Q Terminal s EIA RS 232 port ICD s TERMINAL port 9 ICD s HOST AUX port Computer s SIO port e Use chart below to change baud rates for ICD s TERMINAL and HOST AUX ports HOST STORAGE TERMINAL Baud Rate SwitchNo 0 4 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A 8 C jo lel el Baud rate ops 9 2K 6d4 skp 4k t 2k600 300 450 75 110 134 5200 4 8K 2k ICD 278 for Z8O ZAX Corporation 1 17 Section 1 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION USING THE ICD WITHOUT A TARGET SYSTEM HOST COMPUTER CONTROLLED System Configuration Host computer control of the ICD Operation Mode REMOTE Facilities needed for this system configuration ICD Host Computer ZICE software 1 R 232 cable To use the ICD in this mode construct the system configuration shown on the opposite page using the information below First Make sure that the power to the ICD and all externally attached devices host computer printer is OFF then proceed as follows 1 Attach the COOLING FAN to the ICD and then pl
44. CD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION 1 1 1 Section CD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION Section 1 USING THE ICD WITH A TARGET SYSTEM TERMINAL CONTROLLED System Configuration Terminal control of the ICD Operation Mode LOCAL Facilities needed for this system configuration ICD Console Terminal Target System CPU In circuit Probe 1 RS 232 cable To use the ICD in this mode construct the system configuration shown on the opposite page using the information below First Make sure that the power to the ICD and all externally attached devices terminal printer target system is OFF then proceed as follows 1 Attach the COOLING FAN to the ICD and then plug the fan s connector to the receptacle labeled DC FAN POWER 2 Connect your terminal to the ICD by using an RS 232 cable Attach the cable from your ter minal s serial EIA RS 232 port to the ICD s TERMINAL port connector The ICD defaults to 9600 baud 8 data bits 2 stop bits and no parity set up your terminal to these specifications 3 Optional Connect your printer to the ICD by using an RS 232 cable Attach the cable from your terminal to the ICD s HOST AUX port connector 4 Remove the existing Z80 CPU from your target system and insert the IN CIRCUIT PROBE 40 pin end socket into the target system s CPU socket pin 1 of the ICD s In circuit probe Socket goes into pin 1 of the target system s CPU socket Connect the other end of the IN CIRCUIT PROBE to t
45. CIRCUIT Status Displays the current in circuit status either 0 4 or 2 The in circuit status is also displayed when the MAP Status command is used See the MAP command ZAX Corporation 2 73 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 IN CIRCUIT Command _ IN CIRCUIT Specification Operation Sets the ICD mapping mode See Notes below and the MAP command for an explanation and example of the different mapping modes Syntax mode Terms mode 0 1 or2 Syntax Example 1 0 Notes 0 System mode Debugging is performed using the ICD program memory only The area specified as US user mem ory by the MAP command acts as RW read write memory in the ICD Target system I O and interrupt signals are ig nored 4 Partial mode Debugging is performed using the ICD pro gram memory and user target system memory as defined by the MAP command Interrupts can be disqualified by using the PIN command 2 All mode Debugging is performed using only the target system memory Memory now mapped as read write and read only act as user target system memory I O and inter rupts are enabled Any area mapped as NO non memory will act as NO memory regardless of the in circuit mode 2 74 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Command Example ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE IN CIRCUIT In circuit mode settings and memory specifications are shown below In circuit Memory Type PIN Functions Mode De
46. EDIATELY gt B INI gt B lt INITIALIZE THE ARM CONDITION AND NOTICE THE CONDITION REMOVED A ON OF 0106 4 O ARM 0000 0004 0000 0410 E OFF 1 0 T ON S DI LD A A 7FH W ON gt G 100 lt BEGIN EXECUTION AGAIN OP SP AF BC DE HL IX IY IF SP DJNZ 0000 0022 FF33 0000 1000 0000 0000 00 O FCFF AGAIN BREAK WAITS FOR EVENT ARM CONDITION ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE BREAK BREAK Software Breakpoint Specification Sets a software breakpoint within the user program Setting a software breakpoint causes the ICD to automatically replace the opcode at the specified address with an LD A A or a HALT instruction opcode see the BREAK Software User Breakpoint Code command When this code is encountered during execution a temporary break will occur the original contents of this location will be replaced and execution will restart at that same location for the duration of that one instruc tion The ICD will then enter the monitor code B name adar passcount name 0 4 2 3 4 5 6 or 7 adar The address to break on passcount The number of occurrences before a break from 4 to 65535 B A 100 3 B 7 1000 0 4 2 or 7 identifies software breakpoint names If the name is omitted the next available breakpoint is used With this command addr can be specified by bin
47. F non prime The ICD interprets this correctly and will display EX AF AF on disassembly All number operands are assumed to be decimal unless spec ified as hexadecimal Spacing A space is required between A and mem adar A space is required between opcode and operand of mne monic instruction no tab Execute this sequence gt A 4100 STARTS ASSEMBLING THE PROGRAM INTO ADDRESS 100H 0400 LD HL OAOQOOH 0103 PUSH DE 0104 LD DE OBOOOH 0107 EX DE HL 0108 POP DE 0109 INC HL 010A INC DE 040B JP 5000H 040E PRESS THE RETURN KEY HERE TO END THE PROGRAM INPUT gt gt DI 100 140 DISPLAYS THE PROGRAM JUST ENTERED Section 2 ICD 278 for 280 Section 2 Command introduction ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE BREAK BREAK The best way to safely stop a moving car is by using the brakes In emulation the best way to stop a program for exam ination is by using BREAKpoints You can use the BREAK com mands to set breakpoints anywhere within a program and you can specify many different types of breaks to stop the pro gram execution Breakpoints differ from event points see the EVENT command in that they actually cause the program to stop execution whereas event points are used to trigger var ious external events including stopping execution but without necessarily affecting the emulation process Software breakpoints replace program instructions automat ically with
48. ILLS O TO 4FFF WITH NOPs IT TAKES A FEW SECONDS FOR THE ICD TO DO THIS gt B A OF 1770 lt SETS A HARDWARE BREAKPOINT TO TERMINATE EMULATIO gt G 0 lt STARTS EMULATION AND INITIATES REALTIME TRACE STORAGE ICD RUNS PROGRAM STOPS AT BREAKPOINT A AND DISPLAYS 4770 00 NOP 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 00 0 0000 Break Hardware A gt gt Now enter gt H D lt DISPLAYS REAL TIME TRACE CONTENTS IN DISASSEMBLED FORMAT USE THE SPACE BAR TO CONTROL SCROLLING PRESS THE ESC KEY TO EXIT POINT T ADDR DT ST OP 12047 OF73 00 NOP 2046 OF74 00 NOP i 4 i J 0003 176F 00 NOP 0002 1770 00 NOP 0001 PAUSE NOTE POINT Address in HISTORY Buffer T Event point indicator ADDR Cycle address DT Cycle data OP Op code TNOTE Displays memory contents from beginning of storage pointer ICD 278 for Z8O ZAX Corporation 2 63 HISTORY PC MC OP Break Hardware A gt gt MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 Example trace mode Begin Monitor Command format H BM Trace range 2K This example continues from the Event Monitor example and uses the same program Execute the following gt H CLR RESETS THE CLOCK COUNTER gt H BM SETS THE REAL TIME TRACE TO THE BEGIN MONITOR MODE gt B A OF OFAO lt SETS A HARDWARE BREAKPOINT TO TERMINATE EMULATION gt G 0 lt STARTS EMULATION AND INITIATES THE REAL TIME TRACE STORAGE ICD RUNS PROGRAM STOPS AT BREAKPOINT A AND DISPLAYS SP
49. INT AND DISPLAYS PC ME OP SP AF BC DE HL IX IY IF SP 4770 OO NOP 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 00 O 0000 Break Event gt Now enter gt H D DISPLAYS REALTIME TRACE CONTENTS IN DISASSEMBLED FORMAT USE THE SPACE BAR TO CONTROL SCROLLING PRESS THE ESC KEY TO EXIT POINT T ADDR DT ST OP 2047 OF73 00 NOP 2046 OF74 00 NOP i l i 0005 176D 00 NOP 0004 176E 00 NOP 0003 176F 00 NOP 0002 1770 00 NOP 0004 PAUSE NOTE Indicates event point ICD 278 for Z8O ZAX Corporation 2 67 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 HISTORY Example trace mode Multiple Event Command format H ME Trace range 100 This example continues from the End Event example For this example a Jump JP instruction is added at location FFE so that the ICD will loop during execution Loop passing counts are added to the breakpoint Execute the following gt A FFE ICD Displays Your Response OFFE JP OH lt cr gt 4004 cr H CLR RESETS THE CLOCK COUNTER gt H ME 100 SETS THE REALTIME TRACE TO THE MULTIPLE EVENT MODE AND THE STORAGE SIZE AS 100 INSTRUCTIONS PER LOOP B A OF F00 50 SETS A HARDWARE BREAKPOINT TO TERMINATE EMULATION gt EV ST OF A 0700 lt SETS AN EVENT POINT gt B E OFF DISABLES PROGRAM BREAK BY AN EVENT POINT gt G 0 STARTS EMULATION ICD runs program stops at hardware breakpoint and displays PC MC OP SP AF BC DE HL IX IY IF SP OFOO OO NOP 0000 0000 0000 0
50. If data is specified adar specification is also required The int point defaults to 2047 and term__point defaults to 1 otherwise int_point must be specified as greater than or equal to term__point The storage pointer is numbered by bus cycles displayed from high to low where 1 is the most recent bus cycle This command displays items on a line for line basis To con trol the scrolling of the display alternately press the space bar To exit the display press the Escape Esc key Spacing A space is required between H and S and thereafter no spaces are permitted slashes and commas are used to separate information If adar data or cycle is excluded slashes must still be present eg H S MR See Syntax Example ZAX Corporation 2 71 IDENTIFICATION Command Operation Syntax Notes Command Example 72 ZAX Corporation MASTER COMMAND GUIDE IDENTIFICATION Displays the current ICD device name and the firmware version ID This display is also shown when the RESET switch is pressed on the ICD gt ID ICD 278 for Z80 V2 0 This example shows that the ICD emulates the 280 processor and that the firmware version within the ICD is 2 0 Your firm ware version may be different depending on your purchase date Section 2 ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Command Operation Syntax Command Example ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE IN CIRCUIT IN
51. Interface Emulation Controls Memory Mapping Address and Data Specifications Breakpoints Non Real Time Trace Real Time Trace Disassembly Capabilities Special Features ICD 278 for Z8O e All memory available e All I O ports 256 available Dynamic RAM refresh DMA supported e Drive data bus on emulation reads You control all functions from computer or terminal e Mnemonic command names e Setup emulation controls from batch file on host computer Internal or external clock Disable interrupt inputs Disable bus request input IK mapping resolution Read only emulation memory e Four offset registers e One bit don t care resolution e Four hardware breakpoints e Eight software breakpoints e Break on a specified address or data e Break on range Break on access to non memory area Break on write to read only area e Sequential break A then B Single step Step n steps e Trace jumps only e Stores addresses data and status e 2K x 32 bits trace memory size Trace control modes include Begin Monitor End Monitor Begin Event End Event Center Event Multiple Event Adjustable delay e Support systems with data bus buffer No conflict between emulation memory and user memory when overlaying e No memory specification Control from keyboard Break on opcode fetch only Break on interrupt acknowledge Break on Nth occurrence Break on wait state timeo
52. L HOST ON mode using ZICE Spacing A space is required between PR and switch See Syntax Example above Section 2 ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE REGISTER Command REGISTER Status Operation Displays the current status of the registers and any changes made after using the REGISTER Examine and Change command Syntax R 71 a Fos a e g S S Ed amp N a S O S a o amp amp amp amp Q e 6 O amp e e amp amp S 8 f S S Sg dee 4 4 4 8 8 GO Q S e oCV 9 E E amp EEL S S 6 6 oq E amp S S os QE SY S amp Zg gw amp amp SF OQ amp amp GF EL mR SF odo OE p S9 s C C E D P P y FF E SF 2088EEF q 64 E FESS d JF E E 3 3 E LRV S p s amp s F S 8 P P E S S EF FI 4 444477 4 4 4 4 A 4 4 J PC SP SZHPNC A BC DE HL IX Y AF BC DE HL IF SP HL 0303 0000 000000 00 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 00 0 0000 00 gt This example shows the status of the registers currently all 0 Changing any of the registers with the REGISTER Examine and Change command affects this display ICD 278 for Z8O ZAX Corporation 2 91 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 REGISTER Command Operation Syntax Notes Command Example 2 92 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O REGISTER Reset Sets all the registers to zero R RESET Spacing A space is required between R and RESET Execute this sequence gt R SHOWS THE STATUS
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54. MMAND GUIDE Section 2 Spacing A space is required between EV and any of the para meters Spaces are not permitted between the parameters commas are used to separate the parameters Execute this sequence gt EV SHOWS EVENT STATUS Event is Clear SHOWS ABSENCE OF EVENT POINTS gt EV ST OF A 7FF D 414 SETS AN EVENT POINT IN THE PROGRAM EV ON Status OF Address O7FF 0000 041414 1444 4414 Data 44 0400__0001 gt EV OFF DISABLES THE EVENT POINT SETTING gt EV OFF SHOWS EVENT POINT SETTING IS DISABLED Status OF Address 07FF 0000 01414 1144 1414 Data 44 0400 0004 gt In this example the event point status is first checked an event point is set in the program and the status is checked again The event point is then disabled temporarily as a check of the status shows 44 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Command Operation Syntax Terms Notes ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE EXAMINE EXAMINE Only or EXAMINE and Modify Examines one or more memory locations and optionally modifies them The locations can be displayed and changed with either ASCII or hexadecimal values E WI N beg__adar mod__data W Use the word mode the default is the byte mode N No verify the default is to read verify after write beg__adoar Starting address for display mod data New data for this location If m
55. OMs in the system you will need to download the program from the host computer Map all memory except the program memory to your target system mapping code US Select in circuit mode 1 I1 and start your program GO command Check to see if your target system is working properly now If not the problem could be related to interrupt processing see next page Step 3 If the ICD works in the in circuit mode 1 II check for problems during an emulation break If your target system works at the start of emulation but fails when it is stopped and restarted then the target system is probably being disturbed during an emulation break This may be because your target system s design uses RD or MI without gating them with MREQ If this is the problem and you cannot modify your system then the ICD can probably be modified by ZAX Section 1 ICD 278 for Z8O Section 1 What To Do If The ICD Still Doesn t Work ICD 278 for Z8O ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION Interrupt Processing Problems Is the target system data bus buffered between the micropro cessor and the peripheral chips Are Z80 family peripheral chips PIO SIO CTC used If the answer to either question is no then the ICD should not cause any problems with interrupt processing If the data bus is buffered and Z80 peripheral chips are used then the problem occurs when MREQ is not decoded by the buffer direction control logic The easiest solution is to rem
56. ON If you ll be controlling the ICD by a console terminal it s called TERMINAL CONTROL OF THE ICD In this mode the ICD stands alone hence the name stand alone emulator or apart from the auxiliary control of a host computer system The ICD assumes a stand alone mode of operation when you place the LOCAL REM switch to the LOC LOCAL position NPI N Em mu CO T inii CONTROLLING COMMANDS OPTIONAL PRINTER If you ll be controlling the ICD with a host computer and using the utility software program ZICE it s called HOST COM PUTER CONTROL OF THE ICD The ICD assumes this mode of operation when you place the LOCAL REM switch to the REM REMOTE position j SR HET T mr mm TUO OPTIONAL PRINTER CONTROLLING COMMANDS 1 10 ZAX Corporation Section 1 ICD 278 for Z8O Section 1 0 ICD 278 for Z8O ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION Finally you may choose to control the ICD with a terminal and use a separate host computer to store data files or connect a printer to the host computer to dump data for hard copies This mode of operation is called TERMINAL CONTROL OF THE ICD WITH HOST DATA FILES In this mode the ICD is still under direct control of the terminal while the host computer serves as a data storage device You can also cause the ICD to assume a transparent condition which allows direct com munication between t
57. ON Program Memory Area Real time Trace Buffer not tracing captured tracing memory trace 2 58 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O nS ee Section 2 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE HISTORY Command HISTORY Real time Trace Status Operation Displays the current status of the real time trace buffer Applications Note Use the real time trace status to analyze the condition of the real time trace buffer i e storage mode name size of the trace range the number of cycles executed and the number of cycles stored in the History buffer When the real time trace specifications are changed the HISTORY Status command will display their latest settings Syntax H Command Example gt H Clock Counts 00000000 0 lt NUMBER OF CLOCK CYCLES Storage Mode BE 2045 lt MODE AND TRACE RANGE Storage Size 0 0 NUMBER OF CYCLES PASSED In this example Clock Counts shows the number of clock cycles T states since the real time trace was cleared The number to the left of the slash is the hexadecimal number of clock cycles and the number to the right is its decimal equiv alent Storage Mode shows that the Begin event mode has been specified and that the trace range is 2045 Storage Size shows the number of cycles since the program was start ed to the right of the slash or since the program was resumed to the left of the slash Full indicates a full buffer or 2045 cycles ICD
58. ON Section I USING THE ICD WITHOUT A TARGET SYSTEM TERMINAL CONTROLLED HOST STORAGE System Configuration Terminal control of the ICD with host data files Operation Mode LOCAL Facilities needed for this system configuration ICD Console Terminal Host Computer 2 RS 232 cables To use the ICD in this mode construct the system configuration shown on the opposite page using the information below First Make sure that the power to the ICD and all externally attached devices terminal printer host computer is OFF then proceed as follows 1 Attach the COOLING FAN to the ICD and then plug the fan s connector to the receptacle labeled DC FAN POWER 2 Connect your terminal to the ICD by using an RS 232 cable Attach the cable from your ter minal s serial EIA RS 232 port to the ICD s TERMINAL port connector The ICD defaults to 9600 baud 8 data bits 2 stop bits and no parity set up your terminal to these specifications 3 Connect your host computer to the ICD by using an RS 232 cable Attach the cable from your host computer s serial EIA RS 232 port to the ICD s HOST AUX port connector 4 Plug the AC POWER CORD into the ICD s power receptacle and then connect the other end of the cable to a power source Now Set This To This 100V 147V 200V 240V gt 440V 447V LOCAL REM gt LOCAL INT EXT gt INT DCE DTE gt DTE if you re using ZAX s BOX microcom puter DCE for other personal computers
59. SET PIN PORT PRINT REGISTER SEARCH SUPERVISOR TRACE USER LOAD SAVE VERIFY 2 114 ZAX Corporation Section 2 mode MA beg addr end addr zarea M beg addrend addrmov adar direction N steps O amp number zaddr Pl signal switch P port adar zmod data PR switch R RESET R reg name data S W D beg addrend addrsearch data SU break switch T switch T S mode beg__addr end__addr U code L source filename bias message S destination filename beg_addrend__addentry__adar Lmessage V source filename bias message H switch Q NOTE Items in brackets are optional ICD 278 for Z8O Section 3 Contents ICD 278 for Z8O TECHNICAL REFERENCES SECTION 3 TECHNICAL REFERENCES 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 7 3 8 3 8 3 9 3 12 3 14 3 14 3 15 3 16 3 17 Introduction Special Environments Important What Are The Five Control Modules Indicator Control Module Description Serial Interface Output Module Description Baud Rate Switches Changing The Baud Rate Settings SIO S 791 Module Components How To Set The Transmission Format Switches Factory Settings Multiple ICDs RS 232 Interface Current Loop Interface Using The Current Loop Interface TTL Interface Using The TTL Interface XON and XOFF Protocol BUSY and DTR Input Signals BUSYOUT and DSR Output Signals RSTP Output Signal Re
60. T command will also perform the equivalent of the HOST OFF command but the HOST OFF command does not terminate ZICE Spacing A space is required between HOST and switch See Syntax Example above ZAX Corporation 2 111 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 QUIT ZICE Command QUIT Operation Exits ZICE software control and returns control to the host com puter system or to the ICD if used in the LOCAL Host Com puter Assisted mode see the HOST command Syntax Q 2 112 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Command Syntax Summary ASSEMBLE BREAK COMPARE DISASSEMBLE DUMP EVENT EXAMINE FILL GO HISTORY IDENTIFICATION ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE A mem adar cr xxxx 280 assembly code cr XXXX cr B INI B name switch B name status adadrf passcount B name addr passcount B Szswitch B S op code B X edge passcount B X switch B E switch B W switch B T switch CO beg addrend addrcomp addr direction DI beg addr end addr D W beg adadr end addr EV switch EV ST status A addr LDz2 data E W N beg addr 2mod data F W N beg__addrend__addrdata G beg addi end_addr end_addr 2 H CLR H moder int point ferm point H mode range H S addr data foycle Lint_point Lterm point ZAX Corporation 2 113 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE IN CIRCUIT MAP MOVE NEXT OFF
61. al time Trace Module Description CPU Control Module Description Internal and External Clock How To Change The Internal Clock External Clock ICD Target System Interface CPU Timing RESET Signal INTERRUPT Signal BUS Control Setting Different Wait States REFRESH Signal ZAX Corporation 3 A TECHNICAL REFERENCES 3 B Contents 3 32 ZAX Corporation Emulation Memory Unit Module Description ICD Emulation Memory Target System Memory Mapping Power Supply Specifications How To Disassemble Your ICD Introduction Important Notice To Users The Basic Parts Of Your ICD Procedure For Disassembling The ICD How The Modules Are Connected Procedure For Removing The Modules Installing The Modules Section 3 ICD 278 for Z8O Section 3 Introduction Special Environments ICD 278 for Z8O TECHNICAL REFERENCES In this section you ll learn about the five internal control mod ules which with the power supply make up your ICD These modules are used to control the various processes that are re quired for emulation including such things as electronically substituting your target system s microprocessor with the ICD s own processor controlling communication betweeen the ICD and host computer or terminal and tracing and storing a por tion of the program memory contents for analysis Although it is not necessary to read this section to use your ICD you may find the information in this section helpful i
62. am and store it in the ICD s real time trace buffer without affecting the emulation process Later you can display the recorded memory con tents in either machine code or in its disassembled format a Translate symbolic codes into machine instructions item for item using the in line assembler Selectively enable and disable the interrupt or bus request inputs including non maskable interrupts You can turn to Section 2 for a complete list of the ICD s de bugger commands To find out about other things your ICD can do turn to More About Your ICD Now turn the page to learn about the parts of your ICD ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for 280 i PM ERI Section 1 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION The Controls And Component Functions Of Your ICD AC Power Select Switch This switch is used to select the power requirements for the ICD Set the switch to 110V 117V to run on a power supply of 110 120VAC or select 200V 240V to run on a power supply of 200 240 AC POWER CORD Receptacle Accepts female end of the supplied three wire power cord Be sure to disconnect the power cord before moving the ICD DC FAN Receptacle Accepts connector end of the 24V DC fan ZAX Corporation nv LJ 240v ICD 278 for Z8O ZAX Corporation 1 3 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION 1 4 ZAX Corporation TERMINAL Port Connector Accepts male end of an RS 232 cable to attach the ICD to a terminal in a stand alone
63. ame Name of the file to download to the ICD bias Memory address offset to be added to the object file being loaded default is 0 message Any ASCII message in single quotes or hex data or any combination separated by commas L H TEST ABS 100 LIA __ TYPE TEST HEX OD LIA If source is omitted command defaults to H in the REMOTE mode or LOCAL with HOST ON mode and T in the LOCAL mode T specifies to use the TERMINAL port and X ON X OFF pro tocol P specifies to use the TERMINAL port and software pro tocol A specifies to use the HOST AUX port and X ON X OFF protocol H specifies to use the HOST AUX port and software protocol See software specifications in Section 4 for a descrip tion of the software protocol The message is sent out the source port at the beginning of the load operation to provide a way of prompting the host com puter to begin transmitting a file ZAX Corporation 2 105 LOAD Command Example 2 106 ZAX Corporation MASTER COMMAND GUIDE When using XON XOFF protocol options T A it is necessary for the host to either recognize XON XOFF or delays must be inserted after each carriage return end of each record Otherwise every second record may be lost Also if recogni tion of XOFF by the host computer is slow more than two characters this problem could exist as well In certain in stances a slower baud rate may help to correct the problem but is us
64. and Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 OFFSET Specification Sets an offset in the ICD for relative program addressing Applications Note This command is useful when debugging a program that consists of a number of different modules The procedure would be to assign the physical base address for each module to one of the offset registers Any location in a module may be addressed by specifying its relative address to that module s base address plus an offset register The ad dress parameter of any command will then be interpreted as the sum of the relative address and the offset register physical base address O amp number adar number 0 4 2 or 3 adar Offset to place in the register O amp 2 FFF Any ofthe four offset registers can be used with any of the ICD command memory addressing parameters When aqar is omitted the offset register is cleared to zero Spacing A space is required between O and amp No spaces are permitted between amp number adar the equal sign acts as the separator 2 84 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O nnn ena Enea Section 2 Command Example ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE OFFSET Execute this sequence gt O amp 1 2240 SETS 4 VALUE TO OFFSET OF 2240 gt O SHOWS CURRENT OFFSET VALUES amp 0 0000 amp 4 2240 amp 2 0000 amp 3 0000 gt DI 21284 DIS
65. and POWER functions The three switches and four indicator lamps are all accessible for operation and viewing from the outside of the ICD so there are no user serviceable controls or components on this module ZAX Corporation 3 3 TECHNICAL REFERENCES Section 3 Serial Interface Output Module Description The Serial Interface Output SIO module 8 791 controls the communication between the ICD and various external devices host computer terminal or printer through the TERMINAL and HOST AUX ports The SIO module s internal components feature jumper sockets and line drivers that can be modified to permit either RS 232 current loop or TTL interface opera tion There are also two transmission format switches DSW3 and DSW4 which are used to set the data format and stop bits for the TERMINAL and HOST AUX ports and a special socket which allows any key on the console keyboard to activate the MONITOR break switch in the ICD These components are all user serviceable which means the ICD must be disassembled before they can be adjusted or modified see How To Disassemble Your ICD located at the end of this section The module s remaining components are all externally acces sible These include the DCE DTE and LOCAL REMOTE switches the TERMINAL and HOST AUX port connectors and two rotary switches which set the communication baud rates for the ports Baud Rate The Baud Rate switches are used to set the baud
66. and switches on this module see How To Disassemble Your ICD located at the end of this section after reading about the module s components Real time Trace Module This module allows tracing of the program memory contents and storage of the captured data in the real time trace buffer There are no user serviceable controls on this module CPU Control Module This module contains the connectors circuitry and Z80 micro processor which allow the ICD to emulate the target system s this module see How To Disassemble Your ICD located at the end of this section after reading about the module s com ponents Emulation Memory Unit This module contains 64K bytes of high speed static RAM Module known as emulation memory which can be used for down loading files altering the memory contents and loading future memory into the target system There are no user serviceable components on this module 3 2 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section 3 Indicator Control Module Description ICD 278 for Z8O TECHNICAL REFERENCES The Indicator Control module S 730 contains three switches four indicator lamps one 60 pin connector and intermediary circuitry Switch SW1 selects between the internal INT or external EXT clock Switches SW2 and SW3 activate the RESET and MONITOR functions respectively The indicator lamps Dl D2 D3 and D4 show the condition of the HALT MONITOR ICE in circuit enable
67. ar message Terms destination T P A or H filename Name ofthe file to be used for saving the memory contents beg addr First address to save end adar Last address to save entry addr Starting address of the user program message Any ASCII message in single quotes or hex data or any combination separated by commas Syntax Example SA H TESTHEX O 3FEO SA A TEXT HEX O AFFEO CREATE TEXT HEX OD Notes If destination is omitted command defaults to H in the REMOTE host computer control of the ICD mode or LOCAL with HOST ON host computer assisted mode and T in the LOCAL terminal control of the ICD mode T specifies to use the TERMINAL port and X ON X OFF proto col P specifies to use the TERMINAL port and software proto col A specifies to use the HOST AUX port and X ON X OFF protocol H specifies to use the HOST AUX port and software protocol See software specifications in Section 4 for a de scription of the software protocol ICD 278 for Z8O ZAX Corporation 2 107 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 SAVE The message will be sent out the destination port at the begin ning of the save operation to provide a way of prompting the host computer to receive a file Remember to use the USER command to access the host and to terminate the file input Either XOFEXON or DTR DSR flow control will be accepted by the ICD when the destination option is T or A If the host com puter
68. ary or hexa decimal notation To specify a don t care condition in bit units binary notation or in 4 bit units hexadecimal notation write X at the required position If passcount is specified real time operation is momentarily lost each time the condition occurs If the passcount specifica tion is omitted 1 is assumed ZAX Corporation 2 23 BREAK Command Example 2 24 ZAX Corporation MASTER COMMAND GUIDE A software breakpoint is not allowed to be specified in a USER ROM area since a software breakpoint requires changing the memory contents at the specified location to an LD A A or HALT instruction and ROM cannot be changed A hardware break point must be used in this situation A software breakpoint must be specified for a location contain ing the first byte of an opcode otherwise the ICD will not break and unpredictable results will occur within the pro gram execution Spacing A space is required between name and adar If name is omitted a space is required between B and adar Execute this sequence gt B 5 1000 SETS SOFTWARE BREAKPOINT AT ADDR 1000 gt B S EN lt ENABLES THE SOFTWARE BREAKPOINTS gt B CHECKS THE STATUS OF THE BREAKPOINTS 5 ON 4000 4 0 SHOWS THAT SOFTWARE E OFF A 4 ACIMEAT ADDR 4000 T ON S EN LD A A 7FH W ON gt This example shows that a software breakpoint labeled 5 is set at address 1000 in the program The software breakpoint is ena
69. at the source is ICD program memory and the destination is user target system memory If direction is omitted data is relo cated within the memory areas as specified by the MAP com mand Spacing A space is required between M and beg adar No spaces are permitted where commas are used as separators See Syntax Example above In this example a block of mem ory in the target system beginning at address 100 and ending at address 200 is moved to the ICD beginning at address 100 ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE NEXT NEXT This command is a subcommand of the TRACE command It allows the next 1 to 65 535 instructions to be executed and trac ed in non real time from the current program counter N steps steps 1 to 65 535 N 5 The steps means the number of instructions to execute from the current program counter and may be any integer from 1 to 65 535 If steps is omitted only a single instruction line is dis played When the registers contents are displayed as a series of periods it indicates that the contents of the registers are unchanged The registers contents are displayed fully however at least once every 22 lines Spacing A space is required between N and sfeps ZAX Corporation 2 81 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 NEXT Command Exampl
70. ation Syntax Terms Syntax Example 2 96 ZAX Corporation MASTER COMMAND GUIDE SUPERVISOR Provides a way to access the ICD s serial ports TERMINAL or HOST AUX from the user program by using specified break points as supervisor calls to the ICD system program The breakpoints specified by the BREAK command do not stop the program being emulated but perform input output to the ICD serial interface only SU break switch break C 7 orU switch ON or OFF SU 7 ON SU C specifies to use hardware breakpoint C as a supervisor call 7 specifies to use software breakpoint 7 as a supervisor call and U specifies to use a user software breakpoint as a super visor call ON enables the specified breakpoint C 7 or U and OFF disables it If a user software breakpoint is specified the supervisor call will occur at each user software breakpoint In this way mul tiple calls can be used throughout a program The function code of the supervisor call is specified in the E register and the I O data is transferred via the A register Omitting all parameters will display the current supervisor call settings Spacing A space is required between break and switch No spaces are permitted before break Section 2 ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Command Example PC MC OP 040A 7F LD AA Break User gt gt ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE SUPERVISOR Execute this sequence gt
71. bled software breakpoints must be enabled to function and then the BREAK Status command is used to show that the change has been made Section 2 ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE BREAK Command BREAK Software Breakpoint Recognition Operation Enables or disables all software and user breakpoints Setting a software breakpoint is a two step operation requiring the software and user breakpoint to be enabled before any soft ware breakpoints become operational Syntax B S swifch Terms swifch ENor DI Syntax Example B S EN Notes EN enables the software and user breakpoints causing a break in the program based on the software breakpoint specification or when a user break is encountered DI disables the software and user breakpoints causing them to be temporarily disabled although their initial specification re mains unaffected The ICD defaults to DI upon power up or reset Spacing A space is required between B and S No spaces are permitted after S the equal sign acts as the separator Command Example See Syntax Example above and the BREAK Software Break point Specification command ICD 278 for Z8O ZAX Corporation 2 25 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE BREAK Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes Command Example 2 26 ZAX Corporation BREAK Software User Breakpoint Code Specifies which code the ICD uses to implement a software or us
72. cation Allows the ICD to sense a signal using the accessory probes from an external source and trigger a break in the user pro gram during emulation This command enables disables or clears that feature For more information on how to use the accessory probes see More About Your ICD in Section 1 B X switch switch ON OFF or CLR B X CLR ON enables the recognition of an external trigger OFF disables the recognition of the external trigger and CLR clears the external trigger specification Spacing A space is required between B X and switch No spaces are permitted between B X Execute this sequence gt B SHOWS THE BREAKPOINT STATUS E OFF 1 0 T ON S D LD AA 7FH W ON gt B X HI lt SETS SIGNAL RECOGNITION TO HIGH EDGE OF SIGNAL gt B X ON HI 1 O SHOWS EXTERNAL BREAK E OFF 4 0 FEATURE IS ACTIVE T ON S D LD AA 7FH W ON gt B X OFF DISABLES EXTERNAL BREAK FEATURE ICD 278 for 280 Section 2 ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE BREAK gt B CHECKS BREAKPOINT STATUS AGAIN X OFF HI 4 O lt SHOWS EXTERNAL BREAK E OFF 4 0 FEATURE IS INACTIVE T ON S D LD AA 7FH W ON gt B X CLR CLEARS THE EXTERNAL BREAKPOINT FEATURE gt B E OFF 4 0 T ON S DI LD A A 7FH W ON This example shows how the external breakpoint specification is set to occur at the high edge of an external signal The ex ternal breakpoint is t
73. ction 4 2 REMOTE Mode 4 3 Idle Program 4 4 Command Request Program 4 6 Function Analysis Program 4 1 Text Display Program 4 9 Object File Load Verify Program 4 13 Object File Save Program 4 16 Illegal Z Command Program 4 18 Quit Program 4 19 Console Key Check Program 4 20 Symbol Numeral Conversion Program 4 21 Symbolic Text Display Program 4 23 LOCAL Mode 4 24 Idle Program 4 25 Console Command Request Program 4 27 Remote Command Request Program 4 29 Function Analysis Program 4 30 Object File Load Verify Program 4 34 Object File Save Program 4 38 Illegal Z Command Program 4 40 Quit Program 4 4 Symbol Numeral Conversion Program 4 43 Numeral Conversion Program 4 45 Symbolic Text Display Program 4 47 Command amp Text Execution Program 4 49 Console Command Input Output Program 4 50 Console Character Read Program 4 52 Console Text Read Program 4 54 Console Character Write Program 4 55 Console Text Write Program 4 57 Number Conversion Codes 4 58 Symbol Conversion Codes 4 63 Intel Hex Object Format 4 68 S Format Object File viii 7 ICD 278 for Z8O ICD 278 for Z8O A l Appendix A Principles of Emulation B l Appendix B ICD Product Demonstration Features amp Functions of the ICD C l Appendix C Technical Specifications D 1 Appendix D Technical Bulletins amp Application Notes Glossary ZAX Corporation ix ICD 278 for Z8O FEATURES Transparency User
74. curs By using the various storage modes the real time trace can effectively capture any set of instructions within a program The program execution can then be stopped and the ad dress data and control bus of the latest series of machine cycles can be displayed in either machine cycle or disassem bled format on the console screen or dumped to a printer see the PRINT command In this way if a problem develops during the program execution the real time trace provides a record that can be reviewed to determine what the problem is An emulator s trace memory should be wide enough to ac commodate the processor s address and data lines With the ICD 278 for Z80 the trace memory is 32 bits wide 8 bits data 16 bits address 8 bits status But when it comes to the trace memory s depth more is not always better If too much depth is specified it may be difficult to sift through all the data However if the trace memory depth is insufficient the chances of recording the trace section where the problem exists are greatly diminished Your ICD has a maximum trace memory depth of 2K 2047 machine cycles but this may be reduced by specifying the range in the HISTORY command except for the End Monitor and End Event modes The ability to alter the size of the trace storage size permits very specific tracing ZAX Corporation 2 49 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 HISTORY Real time Trace Buffer The data that is recorded from t
75. cycles executed BEGIN EVENT Specified by H BE trace_range Activated by An event point Terminated when Buffer full FIFO when buffer full No Range affects Storage size End result in buffer 2K cycles following event CENTER EVENT Specified by H CE trace_range Activated by GO command Terminated when An event point range of cycles FIFO when buffer full Yes Range affects Offset of event from center End result in buffer 2K surrounding event ZAX Corporation 2 51 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE HISTORY 2 52 ZAX Corporation END EVENT Specified by H EE Activated by GO command Terminated when An event point occurs FIFO when buffer full Yes Range affects Nothing ignored End result in buffer Event point previous 2K cycles MULTIPLE EVENT Specified by H ME trace__range Activated by An event point Terminated when Buffer full FIFO when buffer full No Range affects Temporary storage termination until another event point End result in buffer Several snapshots triggered by event points Section 2 ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Simplest case Begin Monitor Mode Program Memory Area MASTER COMMAND GUIDE HISTORY An easy way to understand how the real time trace works is to examine the Begin Monitor mode With this mode the GO command which begins emulation also triggers the start of real time tracing so that the data executed from the program memory area
76. d RW gives the user program free access to this memory RO enables the user program to read this memory but any at tempt to write to this area will be blocked and unless the B W breakpoint is disabled will also cause a break US acts as target system memory area US being RAM ROM I O etc whatever resides at those locations in the target NO memory assignment causes a break in the program if an attempt is made to access this non existent memory area A NO memory area is recognized as such regardless of the in circuit mode Spacing A space is required between MA and beg adar No spaces are permitted after beg__adar the comma and equal sign 2 act as the separators Execute this sequence gt l 1 USES BOTH ICD S AND TARGET SYSTEM S MEMORY RESOURCES MA 0000 0FFF RO MA 1000 4FFF US lt CATEGORIZES MEMORY BLOCKS MA 2000 FFFF RW gt gt MA SHOWS HOW THE MEMORY IS CATEGORIZED In Circuit Mode 4 0000 0FFF RO 1000 1FFF US 2000 FFFF 2 RW Section 2 ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE MAP In this example the 1 debugging using both ICD memory and target system memory is selected and then the memory blocks are categorized as read only 0 to FFF user 1000 to 4FFF and read write 2000 to FFFF The MAP status com mand is then entered showing how the memory was just specified A second example is shown below gt 2 USES T
77. does not provide input flow control its input buffer will probably overflow Spacing A space is required before destination no spaces are permitted where commas act as separators Command Example See Syntax Example 2 108 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes MASTER COMMAND GUIDE VERIFY VERIFY Compares an Intel Hex format file on the host computer to the ICD memory or through the ICD to the user memory NOTE All parameters and uses are identical to the LOAD com mand with the exception that the VERIFY command does not alter memory it only compares the memory contents against the file and displays the difference V source filenamef bias message source T P A or H filename Name of the file to download to the ICD bias Memory address offset to be added to the object file being compared default is 0 message Any ASCII message in single quotes or hex data or any combination separated by commas V H TEST HEX 400 T specifies to use the TERMINAL port and X ON X OFF proto col P specifies to use the TERMINAL port and sofware proto col A specifies to use the HOST AUX port and X ON X OFF protocol H specifies to use the HOST AUX port and software protocol See software specifications in Section 4 for a de scription of the software protocol The message is sent out the source port at the beginni
78. e and parameters The command name refers to a symbol or group of symbols that designate the basic emulation operation to be performed e g G for GO MA for MAP T for TRACE etc Parameters refer to any additional information that com plements the command name such as a specific address an address range or a base value Together the command name and the parameters can be combined to execute a variety of complex debugging operations The control firmware within the ICD requires that the com mand statements be entered in a concise and logical manner and that all required elements of the command statement be used The elements of the command statement are described on the next page The elements shown there represent all possible items within a command statement Of course not all commands require the presence or absence of each element ZAX Corporation 2 3 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 Elements Within A The Prompt Character The prompt character lets you know Command Statement that the ICD is ready to accept a command statement The prompt character is supplied by the ICD you do not enter it and it is always displayed on the left side of the console s screen Example of prompt character gt The Command Name Commands are represented by the first or first two letters of the command name The commands are displayed by upper case typeface and should be entered using capital letters Examples of co
79. e Press the RESET switch on the ICD then execute this sequence gt F 0O FFF O lt FILLS MEMORY WITH NOPS gt G 0 2FF lt STARTS THE PROGRAM RUNNING FROM ADDRESS 0 AND STOPS AT ADDRESS 2FF THEN DISPLAYS PC MC OP SP AF BC DE HL IX IY IF SP O2FF 00 NOP 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 00 O0 0000 Break Hardware A lt PROGRAM BREAKS AT ADDR 2FF gt N 3 SHOWS THE NEXT THREE INSTRUCTION LINES PC MC OP SP AF BC DE HL IX Y IF SP 0300 00 NOP 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 00 O0 0000 0304 00 NOP 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 00 0 0000 0302 00 NOP 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 00 O0 0000 gt This example illustrates how the NEXT command is used with the program execution When the program stops at address 2FF entering N 3 causes the next three instruction lines to be displayed 2 82 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for 280 Section 2 Command Operation Syntax Command Example ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE OFFSET OFFSET Status Displays the status of the OFFSET Specification command O gt O SHOWS THE STATUS OF THE OFFSETS amp 0 0000 lt SHOWS THE DEFAULT CONDITIONS ALL OFFSET REGISTERS 0 amp 41 0000 amp 2 0000 amp 3 0000 This example shows the default conditions of the OFFSET command Changing the address of any one of the four offset values 0 3 causes a change in the 0000 display ZAX Corporation 2 83 OFFSET Comm
80. en B relationship Applications Note This command can be used to trigger a peripheral device such as a logic analyzer when an event point is passed in the program and then to stop the program at the breakpoint Syntax B name switch Terms name A BorC switch ARM or IND Syntax Example B C ARM B IND Notes A B or C identifies hardware breakpoint names and more than one name can be specified eg B A C IND If the break point name is omitted all three hardware breakpoints are affected If ARM is selected the break occurs after an event trigger takes place If IND is selected the break occurs independently of any event trigger The ARMing event is not automatically reset See the BREAK ARM Initialize command Spacing A space is required between name and status If name is omitted a space is required between B and status Command Example See Syntax Example above 2 20 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Command Operation Syntax Notes Command Example PC MC OP DJNZ 0106 QFE ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE BREAK BREAK ARM Initialize Clears initializes the event pass condition and resets the ARM specification of the BREAK Event then Hardware Break point command B INI Spacing space is required betweeen B and INI Once the ARMing event has occurred the condition will remain ARMed until cleared by this command Execute this sequ
81. ence gt A 100 lt ASSEMBLE PROGRAM WITH NESTED LOOPS THAT PERFORM 04100 LD HL 1000H PERIODIC WRITES TO MEMORY OF DECREMENTING DATA 0103 LD BC O VALJE 0406 DJNZ 0408 DEC C 0109 LD HL C 040A JR NZ 5 010C gt B A OF106 BEGIN EXECUTION gt G 100 SET BREAKPOINT FOR EXECUTION OF INNER LOOP SP AF BC DE HL IX IY IF SP 0000 0000 FFOO 0000 1000 0000 0000 00 O FCFF Break Hardware A gt BREAK OCCURS IMMEDIATELY gt EV ST MW A 410XX D 33 lt SET EVENT TO OCCUR AFTER C REGISTER gt B A ARM HAS BEEN DECREMENTED TO 33H AND SB ARM THE BREAKPOINT WITH EVENT A ON OF0406 4 0 ARM 0000 0004 0000 0410 E OFF 4 0 T ON S D LD A A 7FH w ON gt G 100 lt BEGIN EXECUTION ZAX Corporation 2 21 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 BREAK PC MC 0106 40FE PC MC 0106 40FE PC MC 0106 4OFE Break Hardware A gt gt 2 22 ZAX Corporation OP SP AF BC DE HL IX IY IF SP DJNZ 0000 0022 FF33 0000 1000 0000 0000 00 O FCFF lt Break Hardware A gt lt NOTICE C REGISTER HAS BEEN DECREMENTED TO 33H B Event Done SHOWS EVENT HAS OCCURRED A ON OF0106 1 O ARM 0000 00041 0000 04410 E OFF 4 0 T ON S DI LD A A 7FH W ON gt G 100 lt lt BEGIN EXECUTION AGAIN OP SP AF BC DE HL IX IY IF SP DJNZ 0000 0022 FFOO 0000 1000 0000 0000 00 O FCFF Break Hardware A gt lt ARM CONDITION STILL IN EFFECT FROM PREVIOUS EXECUTION SO BREAK OCCURS IMM
82. eparate host computer for storing data files or outputting data to a printer Your ICD can be controlled by a terminal and then use a separate host computer for accessing the ZICE commands Now turn the page and read about preparing a site for your system 112 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section System Preparation Grounds Power important Facts About The CPU in Circuit Probe ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION Read This Before You Connect Anything Your ICD is equipped with a three wire polarized receptacle that accepts a three wire cord This cord connects to a power source and protective ground Make sure that you plug the power cord into a properly grounded 115 VAC receptacle Do not try to bypass the three prong plug wth an adaptor 3 into 2 prong adaptor THE GROUND TERMINAL OF THE PLUG IS USED TO PRE VENT SHOCK HAZARDS DO NOT BYPASS IT Your ICD is normally set to operate on a voltage supply of 110 120 VAC but this can be changed to 200 240 VAC by setting the Power Select Switch to the 200V 240V position In most cases a multiple power outlet strip should be used to provide voltage to the entire system host computer terminal printer target system Most power outlet strips are equipped with a circuit breaker in case of an overload and all are properly grounded No matter what type of power source you use always apply power after connecting the ICD to an electrical ou
83. eparators See the examples that begin on page 2 63 ZAX Corporation 2 61 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 HISTORY Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes Command Example HISTORY Real time Trace Storage Mode Specifies the trace mode for the real time trace buffer This is the command that specifies what activates the real time trace feature H mode range mode Trace mode This can be one of six different modes including BM begin monitor mode EM end monitor mode BE begin event mode CE center event mode EE end event mode ME multiple event mode range The trace range from 1 to 2045 H ME 800 The range specified for the EM and EE modes will be ignored it defaults to the maximum 2K size Spacing A space is required between H and mode No spaces are permitted where the commas are used as separa tors See the examples that begin on page 2 63 2 62 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O M Section 2 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE HISTORY HISTORY Real time NOTE To illustrate the following examples memory locations Trace Command from 0 to FFF are first filled with NOP instructions NOPS will Examples be displayed for all the examples Example trace mode End Monitor Command format H EM Trace range 2K The ICD defaults to the End Monitor mode when it boots up Execute the following gt 0 SPECIFY IN CIRCUIT MODE O gt F 0 4FFF O F
84. er three guestions about your system s environment First will Second will you control the system with a terminal or a host computer And third if a terminal is used to control the ICD will a host computer be used as a source for data files Section 1 ICD 278 for Z8O Section 1 Hardware or Software ICD 278 for Z8O ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION Your hardware is called a target system By physically re moving the CPU in your system and electronically replacing it with the ICD s internal microprocessor you can control test and check almost all possible functions in your target system If this is the mode you ll be operating in look at the three sys tem configurations in USING THE ICD WITH A TARGET SYSTEM Can you use your ICD without a target system Of course Whenever you develop and debug software you ll be doing it without the use of a target system This mode is also an effec tive way to demonstrate some of your ICD s features If this is the mode you ll be operating in look at the three system con figurations in USING THE ICD WITHOUT A TARGET SYSTEM In fact if this is the first time you are using a ZAX emulator you should construct this system configuration and then turn to Ap pendix B at the back of the manual There you will find a demonstration of the functions and features of your ICD ZAX Corporation 1 9 Terminal or Host Computer Controlled ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATI
85. er break The ICD can use either HALT 76H or LD A A FH to cause a software break within the user program Either code may be selected by the user to conveniently cause a break in the program without having to continuously specify the breakpoint parameters B S op__code op code HALT or LD A A B S HALT The ICD defaults to LD A A upon power up or reset Spacing A space is required between B and S No spaces are permitted after S the equal sign acts as the separator Execute this sequence gt B lt CHECKS THE BREAKPOINT STATUS E OFF 4 0 T ON S DI LD A A 7FH lt SHOWS SOFTWARE BREAK CODE W ON IS CURRENTLY LD AA gt B S HALT CHANGES SOFTWARE BREAK CODE TO HALT gt B S EN lt ENABLES ALL SOFTWARE BREAKPOINTS gt B CHECKS THE BREAKPOINT STATUS AGAIN E OFF 4 0 T ON S EN HALT 76H SHOWS THE SOFTWARE BREAK W ON CODE IS NOW HALT gt This example shows how the software break code is changed fromLD A A to HALT and then enabled The BREAK Status command shows that the change has been made ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes ICD 278 for 280 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE BREAK BREAK Software Breakpoint Qualification Enables disables or clears the software breakpoints Applications Note This command can be used to temporarily disable software breakpoints or all the breakpoints
86. erminal should work independently of your target system If the ICD operates on the INT setting the problem is probably a poor clock signal from your target system It is possible to use the ICD with the INT setting but you will lose real time oper ation NOTE In this next checkout procedure you will need to enter certain commands in order to test the system See Master Command Guide for an explanation of how to enter these commands What s Probably Wrong There is a problem with data bus loading interrupt process ing or the target system being disturbed during an emulation break ZAX Corporation 1 31 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION 1 32 ZAX Corporation What To Do Step 1 Select in circuit mode 2 12 see IN CIRCUIT com mand and start your program by entering the GO command This assumes there are ROMs in your target system If there aren t any then mode 2 will not work proceed to Step 2 Now test your target system If it still doesn t work then there is probably a data bus loading problem Adding pull up resistors to the data bus may help Step 2 If the in circuit mode 2 works try mode Il If there are ROMs in the system copy the ROMs to emulation memory use the MOVE command The start address is 0 and the end address is O7FF for 2K bytes OFFF for 4K bytes and 1FFF for 8K bytes If the ROMs are not all at adjacent addresses then additional move commands will be needed If there are no R
87. evice that can be used for developing and main taining microprocessor based systems It does this by letting you direct and test activities in your prototype target system You perform these operations by entering one or more debugger commands All ZAX ICD series emulators are controlled by a separate terminal or in conjunction with your existing host computer system You can use the debugger commands for your hard ware or software projects by simply inputting the command mnemonics and parameters from just about any terminal or popular computer you might own ZAX Corporation 1 1 1 2 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION Section 1 A Few Features Here are just a few things you can do using the debugger commands Use the ICD s emulation memory to simulate or take the place of memory or future memory in your target system Use a single step trace operation to move through your pro gram one step at a time and examine the register s con tents after each step a Seta combination of hardware and software breakpoints to Stop your program when data is written or read into a specific address an event point is passed a non existent memory access is attempted or an interrupt is acknowl edged by the CPU Hardware breakpoints can also gener ate triggers for instruments such as logic analyzers and oscilloscopes a Record trace a portion of your program beginning and ending anywhere within the progr
88. f the elements of the syntax Command Example shows how the command might be used in an actual debug development session ICD 278 for 280 ZAX Corporation 2 9 How To Enter A Command Command Example MASTER COMMAND GUIDE ZAX Corporation Before you can enter a command you ll need to know what operation s the command performs This information can be found in two different places ICD COMMANDS and HOST amp FILE HANDLING COMMANDS which is shown on the first few pages of this section and Operation found in Example Of The Command Format After selecting the command examine the information in Syn tax and Terms Enter the parameters needed to perform the task you desire Examine the Syntax Example to see the proper spacing and how the characters and elements are used An example of this procedure is shown below using the DUMP command The syntax for the DUMP command is D W beg__adar end__adar The terms used in the syntax are W Display the memory contents in word units default is byte units beg__adar Beginning address of display end__adar Ending address of display Section 2 ICD 278 for Z80 Section 2 Entering The Command Example What To Do if You Make An Input Error ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE To use this command first enter D the mnemonic for DUMP Now decide after examining the definitions in Terms if the memory contents
89. f you require an examination of how the ICD operates under certain conditions and in particular environments In certain instances some modules may need to be modified to permit the ICD to operate at peak performance with some systems All possible modifications are detailed in each module description In order to modify the components and controls or to change certain settings on the modules the ICD must be partially or fully disassembled At the end of this section is a procedure which shows you how to disassemble your ICD and remove and replace the five control modules the ICD which are permitted under the Warranty Policy In order to preserve the warranty on this equipment do not ad just modify and or in any way alter the controls or compo nents on the modules which are not marked by this symbol See page 3 37 for a complete description on this subject ZAX Corporation 3 1 TECHNICAL REFERENCES Section 3 What Are The Five Control Modules Indicator Control Module This module contains the Operator Panel switches and indi cator lamps All controls are externally accessible There are no user serviceable controls on this module Serial Interface Output This module contains the RS 232 serial interface connectors for Module the TERMINAL and HOST AUX ports A 20mA current loop or TTL level terminal may also be used by changing the con figuration of this module There are several user serviceable controls components
90. he ICD s TOP and BOTTOM In circuit Probe Receptacles THE LONGEST CABLE MUST BE CONNECTED TO THE TOP IN CIRCUIT PROBE RECEPTACLE 5 Plug the AC POWER CORD into the ICD s power receptacle then connect the other end of the cable to the same power source that is used by your target system Now Set This To This 100V 417V 200V 240V 110V 417V LOCAL REM LOCAL INT EXT gt EXT DCE DTE gt DCE Baud Rates gt 9600 bps NOTE To change the ICD s baud rates see the chart on the opposite page POWER ON OFF Switch gt ON The following message should now appear on your monitor s screen you may have to press the RESET switch on the ICD ICD 278 forZ80 V2 0 Now turn to page 1 26 1 20 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O OO es ee ee ee aa Section 1 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION Terminal s EIA RS 232 port ICD s TERMINAL port ICD s In circuit probe receptacle Target system s CPU socket Use chart below to change baud rate for ICD s TERMINAL port Q e e e TERMINAL ICD vooo ovog NODS E wiilun eau Rate Suche OT 1 T2 T8 T4 T5 T8 T7 T5 T L4 518 TP T517 Baud Rate foes 19 249 ox ax 2600 soo 1o 75 1 9 rs s zoo x ac ICD 278 for Z8O ZAX Corporation 1 21 Section 1 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION USING THE ICD WITH A TARGET SYSTEM TERMINAL CONTROLLED HOST STORAGE System Configuration Terminal control of the ICD
91. he fan s connector to the receptacle labeled DC FAN POWER 2 Connect your terminal to the ICD by using an RS 232 cable Attach the cable from your ter minal s serial EIA RS 232 port to the ICD s TERMINAL port connector The ICD defaults to 9600 baud 8 data bits 2 stop bits and no parity set up your terminal to these specifications 3 Optional Connect your printer to the ICD by using an RS 232 cable Attach the cable from your printer to the ICD s HOST AUX port connector 4 Plug the AC POWER CORD into the ICD s power receptacle and then connect the other end of the cable to a power source Now Set This To This 100V 41417V 200V 240V 110V 417V LOCAL REM LOCAL INT EXT gt INT DCE DTE gt DCE Baud Rates gt 9600 bps NOTE To change the ICD s baud rates see the chart on the opposite page POWER ON OFF Switch ON V The following message should now appear on your monitor s screen you may have to press the ICD 278 for 280 V2 0 Now turn to page l 26 1 14 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section 1 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION Q Terminal s EIA RS 232 port ICD s TERMINAL port eo Use chart below to change baud rate for ICD s TERMINAL port TERMINAL 2 s 4 s e v a ov A s c olel Fr Lex axl 2K 600 oo 150 75 1 0 4 S zoofr x 2k Baud Rate bps 19 2K ICD 278 for ZaO ZAX Corporation 1 15 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATI
92. he program execution is stored in the real time trace buffer The real time trace buffer can be thought of as a data storage facility that moves along parallel to the user program storing the same data that is be ing executed by the user program The storage capacity of the real time trace buffer is 2K machine cycles and in certain modes when the buffer is full it begins storing new data ona First In First Out FIFO basis writing over the oldest data it has stored In this way the buffer always displays the latest data it has stored Program Memory Area Program Execution feted Real time Trace Buffer Execution Buffer O19 2 50 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O ee Section 2 Trigger Modes ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE HISTORY Triggers are the real workhorses of the real time trace They determine where and when the trace section is recorded within the user program Your ICD features six different trig ger modes and specifications about each of the trigger modes are shown below BEGIN MONITOR Specified by H BM trace_range Activated by GO command Terminated when Buffer full FIFO when buffer full No Range affects Storage size End result in buffer First 2K cycles executed END MONITOR Specified by H EM Activated by GO command Terminated when Break in execution FIFO when buffer full Yes Range affects Nothing ignored End result in buffer Last 2K
93. he terminal and host computer iN SUING CIDIN on ih DATA FILE NOTE ZICE software may be used in the LOCAL mode Ter minal Control Of The ICD With Host Data Files for accessing the ZICE commands help files Z commands etc To use this LOCAL host computer assisted mode see the HOST com mand in Section 2 ZAX Corporation 1 11 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION Reviewing The Operation Modes Summing It All Up Section 1 Now let s review the six different operation modes of your ICD USING THEICD WITHOUT USING THEICD WITH A TARGET SYSTEM A TARGET SYSTEM Terminal Control of the E Terminal Control of the ICD LOCAL mode of ICD LOCAL mode of operation operation Terminal Control of the E Terminal Control of the ICD With Host Data Files ICD With Host Data Files LOCAL mode of LOCAL mode of operation operation E Host Computer Control of W Host Computer Control of the ICD REMOTE mode the ICD REMOTE mode of operation of operation a Your ICD can function in any of six different modes a Your ICD can be used to debug hardware or software Your ICD can operate with or without a target system m Your ICD can dump data directly to a printer Your ICD can dump data to a printer attached to a host com puter a Your ICD can be controlled by just a terminal or by a host computer m Your ICD can be controlled by a terminal and then use a s
94. hen disabled temporarily and finally cleared ZAX Corporation 2 31 BREAK Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes 2 32 ZAX Corporation MASTER COMMAND GUIDE BREAK Event Breakpoint Allows the ICD to use an event trigger as a breakpoint see the EVENT command This command enables or disables that feature B E switch switch ON or OFF B E OFF ON enables the event breakpoint and OFF disables the event breakpoint Spacing A space is required between B E and switch No spaces are permitted between B E gt EV SHOWS EVENT STATUS Event is Clear lt SHOWS ABSENCE OF EVENT POINTS gt EV ST OF A 7FF lt SETS AN EVENT POINT IN PROGRAM gt EV SHOWS NEW EVENT POINT SETTING ON Status OF Address OQ7FF 0000 0114 1144 1111 Data XX XXXX__XXXX gt B E ON MAKES THE EVENT POINT ACTIVE IN PROGRAM gt B E ON 4 QO SHOWS EVENT POINT SETTING T ON IS ACTIVE S D LD A A 7FH W ON gt This example shows how an event in the program can be used to send out a signal to a peripheral device First the event point is set in the program at address 7FF and then the status command is used to verify the setting Next the event point is enabled by using a breakpoint command The BREAK Stat us command is used again to verify that the event point is enabled ON Section 2 ICD 278 for 280 a Section 2 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE BREAK
95. ill not return from the supervisor call until a character has been received Entry Conditions Register E 03H Register E 13H Exit Conditions Register E Register A 00H Register A FFH 2 98 ZAX Corporation Get output status from TERMINAL Port Get output status from HOST AUX Port Unchanged Port transmit buffer is busy not ready Port transmit buffer is empty ready ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE SUPERVISOR Output Character to Port Entry Conditions Register E 02H Output character to TERMINAL Port gt Register E 12H Output character to HOST AUX Port Register A Character to be output to specified Port Exit Conditions Register E Unchanged Register A Unchanged Note If transmit buffer is busy when this call is made control will not be returned until buffer is ready and character has been sent FUNCTION CODE DATA OUT DATA IN FUNCTION E reg A reg r TERMINAL Port data in 00 RECEIVE DATA TERMINAL Port input status read input status HOST AUX Port input status read Input status TERMINAL Port data out 0 i Output Data HOST AUX Port data out 12 Output data TERMINAL Port output status read 03 Output status HOST AUX Port output status read 13 Output status ICD 278 for Z8O ZAX Corporation 2 99 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 TRACE Command TRACE Status Operation Displays the current trace setting Syntax T Command Example Execute the following
96. ings When changes are made to the event point setting by using the EVENT Specification command this command can be used to display the latest changes EV gt EV Event is Clear This is the default condition for the EVENT command The display shows the absence of any event points in the program After specifying an event point the EVENT Status com mand might reveal EV ON SHOWS EVENT SETTING IS ACTIVE Status PR PORT WRITE STATUS Address 34 0010 04100 lt EVENT AT ADDRESS 34 Data 55 0404 041041 DATA VALUE TO MATCH FOR EVENT This status display shows that the EVENT command has been enabled ON that the status of the event point is port read PR that the port is located at address 34 and that the matching data value for the event point is 55 ZAX Corporation 2 41 EVENT Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes Example Command MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 EVENT Qualification Enables disables or clears an event trigger Applications Note This command can be used to temporarily disable an event point without affecting its location within the program or its parameter specifications Use this command after setting an event point with the EVENT Specification command EV switch switch ON OFF or CLR EV CLR ON enables the event trigger recognition feature OFF dis ables the event trigger recognition feature and CLR c
97. ion Connector is used to forcibly output a RETI instruction from the ICD to Z80 peripheral chips PIO CTC SIO etc The Z80 uses a Bi directional Bus Transceiver which is capable of transmitting and receiving signals through the same lines If this data bus buffer is not pointed in the proper direction after an interrupt instruction the Z80 peripheral chips will not recognize the RETI instruction The easiest way to correct this problem is to bypass the data bus buffer and forcibly output the RETI instruction directly to the Z80 peri pheral chips TARGET SYSTEM Bi directional Bus Transceiver TARGET MEMORY UA Cree Section 1 ICD 278 for Z8O Section 1 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION Using The Data Bus Connect the Data Bus Emulation Connector socket side to the Emulation Connector pin connector labeled DB EMULD on the end panel of the ICD Connect the eight leads directly to the dip clip included with the ICD and then to the buffered data bus 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 DO D4 D2 D3 D4 D5 D D7 ICD 278 for Z8O ZAX Corporation 1 37 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION Section 1 Emulation Select Switch Description The Emulation Select Switch is a 4 bit ON OFF type switch Location The E M SEL Switch end of the ICD See The Controls And Component Functions Of Your ICD Function The Emulation Select Switch disables the ICD s data bus from the target system s data bus Bit 1
98. is simultaneously transferred to the real time trace buffer After the user program executes and the buffer stores the data equivalent of the range the trace buffer fills to that point and then stops The data that is now stored in the buffer is the captured trace section the section that the ICD displays The real time trace then enters a non trace mode and stops when a MONITOR break accomplished by pressing the MONITOR switch or breakpoint is encountered PROGRAM 9 EXECUTION ICD 278 for Z8O a a a x not tracing tracing memory captured trace ZAX Corporation 2 53 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE HISTORY Begin Event Mode The Begin Event mode works in the same way as the Begin Monitor mode except that an event point triggers the real time trace instead of the GO command The buffer stores the amount specified by the range up to 2K and then stops NOTE The event itself is not stored in the buffer but triggers the buffer to begin storing event point PROGRAM EXECUTION GO0 Program Memory Area Real time Trace Buffer E sd not tracing tracking memory captured trace 54 ZAX Corporation Section 2 ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE HISTORY End Monitor Mode The End Monitor mode begins storing all data and then ter minates the storage process when a breakpoint is encounte
99. l memory categorized as read write or read only from 0000 to FFFF now functions as user target system memory 2 76 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE MAP MAP Specification Categorizes your target system s memory functions as either read only read write user target system or non memory area Applications Note This command can be used to develop your target system s firmware ROM by allowing code ina mainframe system to be downloaded to the ICD mapped as RO and tested before being burned into the target s ROM MA beg__adar end_ adar area beg addr The beginning address of mapping end addr The ending address of mapping area RO RW US or NO MA 4000 4FFF RW MA 150 RO The target system or ICD memory is used in 1K byte blocks The parameters are only valid when the in circuit mode is 11 See IN CIRCUIT command If the beg addr or end adar does not coincide with the beginning or ending of a 1K block location the beginning or ending area is assigned a location that includes beg adar or end__adar 1K block areas are predefined as addresses XOO0 X3FF X400 X7FF X800 XBFF XOOO XFFF ZAX Corporation 2 77 MAP Command Example 2 78 ZAX Corporation MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Two of the areas RO and RW refer to ICD user memory an
100. lears the event setting Spacing A space is required between EV and switch See Syntax Example above and the EVENT Specification command 42 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z80 Section 2 Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE EVENT EVENT Specification Sets the condition parameters for an event point trigger EV ST status A adar D data status The type of cycle to trigger event on This can be one of nine different names including M memory access P port access MR memory read MW memory write PR port read PW port write OF operation code fetch IA interrupt acknowledge ANY don t care addr Specifies the address value to match for the event data Specifies the data value to match for the event EV STZMR A 100 D 2 55 EV A 2950 All parameters for this command are optional and all parameters not defined remain unchanged Both addr and data may be specified as don t care in 1 bit units binary or in 4 bit units hex by writing X at the required position Also any undefined parameter defaults as dont care When specifying a P PR or PW cycle for the event and the port address is defined the addresses should be defined as a 16 bit address with the upper 8 bits defined as don t care Example port address 34 XX34 ZAX Corporation 2 43 EVENT Command Example MASTER CO
101. mand name is always found at the top of the page If a command performs more than one task a description of the various command functions can be found after the command name for example OFFSET Specifica tion and OFFSET Status Operation describes the action of the command and emulation practices and principles that involve the command Syntax shows the characters and elements that are need ed to implement the command However the characters and elements in Syntax may not provide enough information in themselves to correctly enter the command the parameters may only represent an address or data value The information in Terms should then be used to define the parameters Terms describes the characters and elements used in Syntax The lower case characters in italic typeface show items which you must supply Upper case characters show what these items are and how they should be entered Syntax Example shows how the command might be en tered using various characters and elements and the correct spacing between them NOTE If a command cannot be entered or the ICD responds with an error message try entering the example shown in Syn tax Example Notes explains important facts about the command It usually contains information about the parameters shown in Terms or it may include an explanation of how the command is used in a debug development application Spacing des cribes the correct spacing o
102. mmand names B for BREAK CO for COMPARE SA for SAVE Command Qualifiers The slash key acts to signal a qual ifier for the command whenever it appears immediately fol lowing the command mnemonic Examples of qualifiers B O B E F W The Space Character The space character is an invisible character that not only improves the readability of a sentence but in the case of the command format it is recognized as a delimiter for the command name Spaces must be interpreted from the command format there is no symbol used to indicate spacing Example of space characterinuse EV ON In this example the space between EV and ON allows the ICD to interpret EV as the EVENT command and ON as a directive to enable the command 2 4 ICD 278 for Z8O ZAX Corporation Section 2 ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Keywords are items which you must enter as shown These items are displayed by upper case typeface but usually any combination of upper case or lower case letters may be used to enter them NOTE Some terminals must use upper case letters only If the ICD responds with an error message try using upper case letters Examples of keywords UP EN LO ON OFF User Supplied Items Lower case letters in talic typeface show items which you must supply these are called user supplied items Examples of user supplied items include the name of your file TEST HEX a beginning address
103. nal parameter If it is omitted 16 bytes are displayed starting with beg__adar This command displays items on a line for line basis To con trol the scrolling of the display alternately press the space bar To exit the display press the Escape Esc key Spacing A space is required between D or D W and beg addr No space is permitted where a comma is used as the separator See Syntax Example above The first example shows that the memory contents are displayed in word units beginning with address 100 and ending with address 1FF The second exam ple shows that the last 16 bytes are displayed beginning at address 1FFF ZAX Corporation 2 39 EVENT Command Introduction Using The EVENT Command 2 40 ZAX Corporation MASTER COMMAND GUIDE EVENT An event can be defined as a significant occurrence in time That is events take their respected place at a point in time without affecting the passing of time itself And of course the ICD s EVENT command works on the same principle This command allows an event to occur during the execution ofa program without necessarily stopping the program In this way an event point differs from a breakpoint because break points always stop the program execution The EVENT command can enact four different operations In one operation the event point in the program can be used to externally trigger a peripheral device such as a logic analyzer The event point can al
104. ng of the load operation to provide a way of prompting the host com puter to begin transmitting a file ICD 278 for 280 ZAX Corporation 2 109 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 VERIFY If source is omitted command defaults to H in the REMOTE host computer controlled mode and T in the LOCAL terminal controlled mode See the LOAD command Notes for additional information Spacing A space is required before filename no spaces are permitted where commas act as separators Command Example See Syntax Example and the LOAD command examples for additional information 2 110 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE HOST ZICE Commands available with ZICE software only ZICE Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes Command Example ICD 278 for Z8O HOST Initiates or terminates LOCAL Host Computer Assisted mode Applications Note This command enables the ICD to operate as though it is in the REMOTE mode when connected to a host computer running ZICE Using this configuration only one SIO port is required of a multi user host computer eg VAX rather than two ports as required in the REMOTE mode HOST switch switch ON or OFF HOST ON This command is only available with firmware version 2 0 or greater and only recognized when the ICD is in the LOCAL mode ON enables the HOST feature and OFF disables the HOST feature The QUI
105. nt in the program triggers the trace feature or sends out an external signal at a point in the program HISTORY Records the program execution in real time and then displays it in either machine or disassembled format TRACE Displays program execution in non real time NEXT Displays n instruction lines as executed in non real time OFFSET Sets an offset in the emulator for relative program addressing ASSEMBLE Converts the mnemonics entered from the key board to machine language in memory DISASSEMBLE Converts the memory contents to assembly language mnemonics DUMP Displays the memory contents in hexadecimal ASCII format COMPARE Compares the memory contents and displays the non matching data MOVE Moves the memory contents between the ICD and the target system EXAMINE Examines and changes the memory contents ZAX Corporation 2 1 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Debug Emulation Control Host amp File Handling Commands 2 2 ZAX Corporation FILL Fills the memory contents with data SEARCH Searches the memory contents for either matched or unmatched data REGISTER Displays or changes the registers data SUPERVISOR A system call to allow access to the serial input output ports PRINT Sends the display to a printer PIN Enables or disables selected input signals PORT Examines one or more I O port locations and option ally modifies them IDENTIFICATION Ide
106. ntifies the type of emulator in use and the firmware version IN CIRCUIT Sets the ICD mapping mode USER Allows one terminal to communicate with both the ICD and a host computer MAP Sets the ICD target system memory map LOAD Loads an Intel Hex file from the host computer to the ICD memory SAVE Saves an Intel Hex file to the host computer VERIFY Checks a file in the host computer against a file in the ICD THOST Initiates or terminates LOCAL Host Computer As sisted mode TQUIT Exits ZICE control and returns control to the host computer operating system tAvailable with ZICE software only Section 2 ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Introduction Command Language ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE ZAX ICD series emulators respond to commands which you enter from a console terminal or host computer The com mands enable the ICD to perform a variety of complex debug ging tasks for you In this section you ll learn how to use the debugger commands and how to perform actual debugging and development operations In order to use the commands effectively you ll need to be come familiar with three different areas E The language needed to implement the commands 8 What each command does a How to use the commands to perform debugging ox devel opment operations All ZAX ICD series emulators execute operations in response to command statements made up of the command nam
107. od__data is omitted the command enters a repeat mode which allows several locations to be changed When W option is selected the word will be displayed or entered in LSB MSB Least Significant Bit Most Significant Bit order bytes swapped The repeat mode includes return cr to display the next byte word of data comma to display the same byte word of data caret 7 to display previous byte word of data slash to exit the EXAMINE command Spacing A space is required before beg addr No spaces are permitted between beg addr and mod data the equal sign 2 acts as the separator ZAX Corporation 2 45 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE EXAMINE Command Example gt E 0 0000 54 74 CHANGE VALUE TO 74H AND RE EXAMINE 0000 74 lt LEAVE VALUE UNCHANGED GO TO NEXT ADDRESS 0001 68 lt LEAVE VALUE UNCHANGED GO TO NEXT ADDRESS 0002 69 0 lt CHANGE VALUE AND GO TO NEXT ADDRESS 0003 73274 lt lt CHANGE VALUE AND GO TO PREVIOUS ADDRESS 0002 612 4 LEAVE VALUE UNCHANGED GO TO PREVIOUS ADDRESS 0001 68 LEAVE VALUE UNCHANGED RE EXAMINE ADDRESS 0004 682 lt LEAVE VALUE UNCHANGED GO TO PREVIOUS ADDRESS 0000 74 lt LEAVE VALUE UNCHANGED EXIT COMMAND gt E W 20 0020 BFOA 4455 lt CHANGE WORD VALUE RE EXAMINE 0020 4455 lt LEAVE VALUE GO TO NEXT LOCATION 0022 6DFF HI CHANGE VALUE ASCII RE EXAMINE 0022 4948 LEAVE VALUE GO TO NEXT LOCATION 0024 FFFE
108. ode is 2 all signals are valid When the in circuit mode is O all target system signals are ignored EN is used to enable the signal and DI is used to disable the signal Spacing A space is required between PI and signal No spaces are permitted after signal ZAX Corporation 2 87 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 Command Example Execute this sequence gt l 1 SETS MODE TO PERMIT INTERRUPT FEATURE PI SHOWS STATUS OF INTERRUPTS In Circuit Mode 1 NMI EN 2 H INT EN H BUSR EN Pl INT DI DISABLES THE INT SIGNAL PI lt SHOWS THE STATUS OF INTERRUPTS AGAIN In Circuit Mode 1 NMI EN H INT DI H VERIFIES THE CHANGE BUSRQ EN gt In this example the in circuit mode 1 is selected ICD and target system memory resources to manipulate the various interrupt signals The PIN status then shows that all the inter rupts are active ENabled Next the Interrupt Request INT signal is disabled and the PIN status used again to verify the change 2 88 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Command Operation Terms Syntax Example Notes Command Example ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE PORT PORT Examines one or more I O port locations and optionally mod ifies them The locations can be displayed and replaced with either hexadecimal or ASCII values This command works on the same principle as the EXAMINE command except that
109. ol of the ICD Operation Mode REMOTE Facilities needed for this system configuration ICD Host Computer ZICE Software Target System CPU In circuit Probe 1 RS 232 cable To use the ICD in this mode construct the system configuration shown on the opposite page using the information below First Make sure that the power to the ICD and all externally attached devices host computer printer target system is OFF then proceed as follows 1 Attach the COOLING FAN to the ICD and then plug the fan s connector to the receptacle labeled DC FAN POWER 2 Connect your host computer to the ICD by using an RS 232 cable Attach the cable from your host computer s serial EIA RS 232 port to the ICD s HOST AUX port connector 3 Remove the existing Z80 CPU from your target system and insert the IN CIRCUIT PROBE 40 pin end into the target system s CPU socket pin 1 of the ICD s In circuit probe socket goes into pin 1 ofthe target system s CPU socket Connect the other end of the IN CIRCUIT PROBE to the ICD s TOP and BOTTOM In circuit Probe Receptacles THE LONGEST CABLE MUST BE CONNECTED TO THE TOP IN CIRCUIT PROBE RECEPTACLE 4 Plug the AC POWER CORD into the ICD s power receptacle then connect the other end of the cable to the same power source that is used by the target system Now Set This To This 100V 417V 200V 240V gt 110V 4417V LOCAL REM REM INT EXT gt EXT f DCE DTE gt DTE if you re using ZAX s BOX microcom
110. ommand statement is entered there is no symbol used to indicate the return key in the command format NOTE Other parameters are defined and explained in each command See Terms and Notes for an explanation about these parameters ICD 278 for Z8O ZAX Corporation 2 7 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 Example Of The Each command is presented in the same format as shown Command Format below This format makes it easy to find the name of a com mand and what it does and then how to enter it correctly An example sometimes more than one shows how the command is used in a debug development session The example below illustrates the DUMP command and in cludes many elements of a typical command statement This command is also used as the syntax example in How To Enter A Command Command DUMP Operation Displays the memory contents in both hexadecimal and ASCII code Syntax D W beg aaar ena_adar Terms W Displays the memory contents in word units arranged in MSB LSB order default is byte units beg__adar Beginning address of display end__adar Ending address of display Syntax Example D W 41004FF D 120 Notes The end adar is an optional parameter If it is omitted 16 bytes are displayed starting with beg adar Command Example 2 See Syntax Example above The first ICD 278 for Z8O 2 8 ZAX Corporation ne Section 2 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Command The com
111. ove the data bus buffer and replace it with jumpers If this is not possible then the Emulation Data Bus connector the connec tor labeled DB EMUL on the ICD can be connected to the buf fered data bus See More About Your ICD Data Bus Emu lation Connector In most cases the procedures just listed will solve all but the most stubborn problems However it is possible that the ICD or your target system is still not functioning correctly If this is the case you should consult directly with ZAX Corporation ZAX Corporation 1 33 More About Your ICD Introduction Accessory Cables Data Bus Emulation Connector Emulation Select Switch 1 34 ZAX Corporation ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION Here you ll learn how to use the accessories that come with your ICD and what the Emulation Select switch does By using the accessories and adjusting the settings on the switch you ll be able to further expand your ICD s debugging capabilities From the following information you will learn how to 1 use the two accessory cables 2 use the Data Bus Emulation con nector and 3 adjust the settings on the Emulation Select switch The two accessory cables can be used to input and output pulses to and from the ICD By using the four probes that are attached to the ends of these cables you can e Determine if the ICD is emulating e Cause a breakpoint in your program to output a pulse to an external device e Selec
112. ple trace mode Center Event Command format H CE Trace range 2K This example continues from the Begin Event example gt H CLR RESETS THE CLOCK COUNTER gt H CE SETS THE REAL TIME TRACE TO THE CENTER EVENT MODE gt EV ST OF A 1770 lt SETS AN EVENT POINT B A OF 1F40 lt SETS A HARDWARE BREAKPOINT TO TERMINATE EMULATION gt G 0 STARTS EMULATION AND INITIATES THE REALTIME TRACE STORAGE ICD RUNS PROGRAM STOPS AT BREAKPOINT A AND DISPLAYS SP AF BC DE HL IX IY l IF SP lt Break Hardware A gt gt Now enter gt H D DISPLAYS REALTIME TRACE CONTENTS IN DISASSEMBLED FORMAT USE THE SPACE BAR TO CONTROL SCROLLING PRESS THE ESC KEY TO EXIT POINT T ADDR DT ST OP 2047 1371 0 NOP 2046 1372 00 NOP 1 l i J 1025 4176F 00 NOP 4024 1770 00 NOP i i l i 0002 1B E 00 NOP 0001 PAUSE NOTE Indicates event point 2 66 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O a Section 2 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE HISTORY Example trace mode End Event Command format H EE Trace range 2K This example continues from the Center Event example Execute the following gt H CLR RESETS THE CLOCK COUNTER gt H EE SETS THE REAL TIME TRACE TO THE END EVENT MODE gt EV ST OF A 1770 lt SETS AN EVENT POINT gt B E ON lt ENABLES AN EVENT POINT BREAK gt G 0 STARTS EMULATION AND INITIATES THE REAL TIME TRACE STORAGE ICD RUNS PROGRAM STOPS AT EVENT PO
113. r ed or when the MONITOR switch is pressed The captured trace section is the last 2K before the breakpoint or MONITOR break The ICD accomplishes this type of tracing by recording and storing data on a First In First Out FIFO basis after the buffer is filled By using this technique the ICD always displays the latest data in the trace buffer The End and Center Event modes use this same FIFO record ing technique in their operation D uci G ee Ee Program Memory Real time Trace Buffer x Ws A First In First Out captured data ICD 278 for Z8O ZAX Corporation 2 55 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 HISTORY End Event Mode The End Event mode works in the same way as the End Mon itor mode except that an event point instead of a breakpoint triggers the buffer to stop storing data The captured trace section is the last 2K before and including the event point event point Program Memory Area PROGRAM EXECUTION Real time Trace Buffer not tracing ca ptured H tracing memory trace 2 56 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for 280 Section 2 Center Event Mode Program Memory Area MASTER COMMAND GUIDE HISTORY The Center Event mode is used when you desire the trace to surround a single event point in the program The Center Event mode takes the range specification and records that number of cycles after the event point occurs The remainder of the 2K buffer con
114. r a complete analysis of your ICD s debugger commands a Turn to Appendix B for a demonstration of the features and functions of your ICD Use the Command Reference Guide as a source for various command formats What To Do if Your MDS If your MDS is not functioning correctly or gives you prob Is Not Working lems during emulation turn to Trouble Shooting which starts on the next page Start by reading Checking Electrical Con nections and then proceed to Diagnosing ICD Interface Problems if you encounter problems when you re emulating COMMAND 4 REFERENCE GUIDE SECTION 2 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE arrenpix Y TROUBLE SHOOTING 1 26 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section 1 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION Trouble Shooting contains Checking Electrical Connections and Diagnosing ICD Interface Problems Introduction Your ICD must be controlled by either a separate terminal or The Problem a host computer s keyboard And because you must connect the ICD to these external devices to form your development system there s always the possibility of misplacing a cable set ting a switch to the wrong position or bypassing a procedure And The Solution Trouble Shooting is designed to get you through the prob lems you might have encountered in How To Connect Your ICD To Other Devices and begins with a typical example of what the ICD should do if the system is opera
115. rates for the Switches TERMINAL and HOST AUX ports The factory setting is 1 9600 bps for both ports There are 13 other baud rate settings available do not set the baud rate switches to E or F Changing The The Baud Rate switches are rotary type switches To change Baud Rate Settings the baud rates turn the dials to the number or letter shown in TERMINAL HOST AUX the Baud Rate diagram below Use a pointed object such as a ER pen tip or a small screwdriver aud Rate SwitchNo o 1 T2 T3 1415 91715 T2 T5186 T9 TET Baud Rate ops 192K 9 6K4 8K2 Ak t 2k ec0 ac 450 75 110 134 5 200 1 8 2k 3 4 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O
116. red trademark of ZAX Corporation IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation DEC is a registered trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation The BOX refers to ZAX s 8 and 16 bit microcomputers Written by Mark D Johnson of ZAX Technical Publications Changes are periodically made to the information herein these changes will be incorporated in new editions of this publication Updates to this manual will be sent to all manual recipierits A Reader s Comments form is provided at the back of this publication If this form has been removed send comments to the address above Reorder User s Manual 20 101 00 Reorder Command Reference Cuide 20 602 01 Contents ICD 278 for Z8O xi xii xiii ICD 278 for Z80 Features System Components About This Manual What This Manual Will Show You How to Use This Manual Emulator or ICD SECTION 1 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION 14 1 1 l l l 2 1 3 18 1 8 1 8 1 9 1 10 1 11 1 12 1 13 1 13 1 13 1 13 l 14 1 16 1 18 1 20 1 22 1 24 Introduction A Word Of Caution Getting Acquainted With Your ICD A Few Features The Controls and Component Functions Of Your ICD How To Connect Your ICD To Other Devices Your Goal A Microprocessor Development System Your System s Environment Hardware or Software Terminal or Host Computer Controlled Reviewing The Operation Modes Summing It All Up System Preparation Grounds Po
117. rong The fan is not getting power What To Do Make sure that the fan connector is firmly pressed into the ICD s fan receptacle and that the POWER ON OFF switch is in the ON position What s Probably Wrong There is an internal problem with the ICD What To Do Return the ICD for servicing If this checks out the ICD is probably working correctly Now connect a terminal no target system yet to the ICD and carry out the next procedure ZAX Corporation 1 29 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION Section 1 ICD and Terminal Before you begin make sure that your terminal is working properly i e the curser on the screen should be visible Then connect the ICD to the terminal with an RS 232 cable PROBLEM SOLUTION The terminal doesnot What s Probably Wrong respond at all when the There is either an interface problem or a defect with a com RESET switch is pressed ponent in the system What To Do First make sure that the RS 232 cable is firmly attached to both the ICD and terminal connectors Is the cable defective If the cable is OK check that the INT EXT CLOCK switch is set to INT and that the LOCAL REM switch is set to LOCAL Make sure that both the ICD and the terminal have been set at the same baud rates Terminal responds with What s Probably Wrong gibberish whenthe The baud rates for the ICD and terminal are different RESET switch is pressed What To Do Make sure that the baud rates for the ICD and the
118. s 2 17 Hardware Breakpoint Qualification 2 18 Hardware Breakpoint Specification 2 20 Event then Hardware Breakpoint iv ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O ICD 278 for Z8O ARM Initialize Software Breakpoint Specification Software Breakpoint Recognition Software User Breakpoint Code Software Breakpoint Qualification External Signal Qualification External Breakpoint Qualification Event Breakpoint Event Breakpoint Passcount Write Protect Breakpoint Timeout Breakpoint COMPARE Command DISASSEMBLE Command DUMP Command EVENT Commands Status Qualification Specification EXAMINE Command FILL Command GO Command HISTORY Commands Real time Trace Status Real time Trace Counter Reset Real time Trace Format Display Real time Trace Storage Mode Real time Trace Search IDENTIFICATION Command IN CIRCUIT Commands Status Specification MAP Commands Status Specification MOVE Command NEXT Command OFFSET Commands Status Specification ZAX Corporation v 2 86 2 86 2 87 2 89 2 90 2 91 2 91 2 92 2 93 2 95 2 96 2 100 2 100 2 101 2 102 2 104 2 105 2 107 2 109 2 111 2 112 2 113 SECTION 3 TECHNICAL REFERENCES 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 7 3 8 3 8 3 9 ZAX Corporation PIN Commands Status Specification PORT Command PRINT Command REGISTER Commands Status Reset Examine amp Change SEARCH Command SUPERVISOR Command TRACE Commands Status Qualifica
119. scription RO RW US NO EN DI l0 System Mode RO RW RW NO DI DI 14 Partial Mode RO RW US NO EN DI I2 All Mode US US US NO EN EN Items in parentheses show the revised memory or PIN specification for that particular in circuit mode Spacing A space is required between and mode See the MAP command ZAX Corporation 2 75 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 MAP Command Operation Syntax Command Example MAP Status Displays the current memory assignments and address para meters as defined by the MAP Specification command MA Execute this sequence gt l O0 lt USES ICD S MEMORY RESOURCES gt MA lt SHOWS HOW MEMORY IS CATEGORIZED In Circuit Mode O0 US gt RW 0000 FFFF RW In this example default condition the in circuit mode is first set to 0 debugging using ICD memory only and then the MAP status command is entered The display shows that in circuit mode is indeed O that user target system memory now acts as read write memory US RW and that the entire memory area is categorized as read write A second example is shown below gt 2 USES TARGET SYSTEM S MEMORY RESOURCES MA SHOWS HOW THE MEMORY IS CATEGORIZED In Circuit Mode 2 RW RO gt US 0000 FFFF RW In this example thel 2 mode debugging using target system memory only is selected and then the MAP status is request ed The display shows that the in circuit mode has changed to 2 and that al
120. should be displayed in word or byte units Since W is in brackets it represents an optional parameter if it was omitted the display would be in byte units For this example we ll use a word display and enter W preceded by a slash and followed by a space The first user supplied item is the beginning address for the display we ll supply the value of 100 The next item is an optional because it s in brackets D ending adaress In this example well specify FF for this parameter preceded by a comma At this point the display on the console s screen should look like D W 100 1FF This input now forms a command statement complete with the command mnemonic usable parameters elements and pro per spacing To send the command statement to the ICD for execution press the return key on your keyboard If you make an error when entering a command statement merely backspace over the error which cancels the char acter and enter the new information You can also press the Delete Del key which not only cancels out the error but displays the cancelled character as well If you ve already entered a command statement into the ICD but you meant something else press Ctrl U Control U then just re enter the correct command statement and the ICD will execute the latest command NOTE These features are available in the LOCAL mode only i e when a console terminal is used to control the ICD directly ZAX Corporation
121. so be used to internally trigger the real time trace feature which is defined by the HISTORY command The event can also arm a hardware breakpoint in an A then B type sequence And lastly an event point can be used to stop the program in a manner similar to the BREAK command The event however has the advantage of letting you specify a certain data pattern on the data bus in addition to the normal address parameters memory accesses and I O access conditions The event can also be enabled and disabled just like break points This feature allows you to temporarily disable the event setting without affecting its address location within the pro gram or its parameter specifications To see how to use an event point as a breakpoint first read about the EVENT command format here for all four functions the event point must be specified using the EVENT Specification command and then see the BREAK Event Breakpoint command To arm a hardware breakpoint see BREAK Event Then Hardware Break command To use an event point to trigger the real time trace see the HISTORY command To use an event point to trigger a peripheral device see More About Your ICD in Section 1 Read the chapter on using the accessory cables and probes Section 2 ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Command Operation Syntax Command Example ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE EVENT EVENT Status Displays the current event point sett
122. t program counter PC If end adar is omitted 11 lines of in structions are automatically displayed This command displays items on a line for line basis To con trol the scrolling of the display alternately press the space bar To exit the display press the Escape Esc key Spacing A space is required between DI and beg aaar if beg addr is used No spaces are permitted where a comma is used as the separator See Syntax Example above The first example shows that the memory contents in the ICD are disassembled beginning from address 100 to address 200 In the second example the end ing address is omitted which causes the memory contents to be disassembled from address 20 to address 002B 11 lines In the third example 11 instruction lines are displayed from the current PC In the fourth example the display is from the current PC to PC 3FH Section 2 ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes Command Example ICD 278 for Z8O MASTER COMMAND GUIDE DUMP DUMP Displays the memory contents in both hexadecimal and ASCII code D W beg__adar end__adar W Displays the memory contents in word units arranged in MSB LSB Most Significant Bit Least Significant Bit order The default is byte unit display beg__adar Beginning address of display end__ador Ending address of display D W 100 4FF D FFF The end__adar is an optio
123. tains cycles just prior to and including the event point For example if 1K is specified as the range 1K of data is captured before the event point and IK is captured after the event point If the specified range is 2000 45 cycles would be captured before the event and 2000 after Just like the End Monitor and End Event mode the Center Event mode causes the real time trace to start recording data immediately after the GO command EVENT POINT PROGRAM 9 EXECUTION 60 ICD 278 for Z8O 2K crange O_O LI not tracing captured tracing memory trace ZAX Corporation 2 57 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 HISTORY Multiple Event Mode The Multiple Event mode is identical to the Begin Event mode with the exception that when the trace range is filled the trac ing is only temporarily stopped until another event point occurs Then the buffer is re opened to continue storing an other trace range number of cycles When the 2K buffer is filled the event points are then ignored and the buffer re mains in a non storage mode This allows several occurrences ofthe event to trigger the History buffer giving several snap shots of a particular routine NOTE The smaller the trace range the more times the event can retrigger the buffer before it fills and begins to ignore event points event point 4 event point 2 event point n PROGRAM EXECUTI
124. the ICD by itself just connect its power cord then attach a terminal If that con figuration works properly you ll connect your target system for final testing NOTE If you re using a host computer to control the ICD be sure to check the ICD and host computer operation together BEFORE connecting your target system Now begin with Checking Electrical Connections l Press the ICD s POWER ON OFF switch to OFF 2 Turn the power OFF on all externally attached devices ter minal host computer target system etc 3 Disconnect all externally attached devices from the ICD 4 Unplug the AC power cord from the ICD and from the wall outlet or power supply 9 Check the wall outlet or power supply by plugging in a working device lamp terminal logic analyzer etc If the outlet or power supply is controlled by a switch is the switch ON 6 Disconnect and reconnect each device s AC power cord to ensure a proper electrical connection Proceed with Diagnosing ICD Interface Problems on the next page Section 1 ICD 278 for Z8O Section 1 Diagnosing ICD Interface Problems ICD and External Cooling Fan PROBLEM The external cooling fan doesn t work The fan works but the lamps on the Operators Panel don t come on ICD 278 for Z8O ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION Connect the External Cooling Fan to the ICD and then connect the ICD s power cord to a voltage source SOLUTION What s Probably W
125. the changes 2 28 ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE BREAK Command BREAK External Signal Qualification Operation Allows the ICD to sense a signal using the accessory probes from an external source and cause a break in the user pro gram This command specifies how the break is triggered either from the high going or low going edge of the external signal To enable or disable this command see the BREAK External Breakpoint Qualification command Syntax B X edge passcount Terms edge Hl or LO passcount The number of occurrences before a break from 1 to 65535 Syntax Example B X LO Notes HI causes the breakpoint to occur on the rising edge of the signal LO causes the breakpoint to occur on the falling edge of the signal When edge is specified the External Breakpoint Qualification is always enabled If passcounf is specified real time operation is momentarily lost each time the condition occurs If the passcount specifica tion is omitted 1 is assumed Spacing A space is required between B X and edge No spaces are permitted between B X Command Example See the BREAK External Breakpoint Qualification com mand ICD 278 for 280 ZAX Corporation 2 29 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE Section 2 BREAK Command Operation Syntax Terms Syntax Example Notes Command Example 2 30 ZAX Corporation BREAK External Breakpoint Qualifi
126. ting correctly Then the ICD by itself is tested followed by testing the ICD and terminal ICD terminal and target system configuration is then examined What Should Happen When the ICD is connected to a terminal keyboard and mon itor the following should happen When the ICD s POWER ON OFF switch is pressed the PWR power and MONITOR lamps should come on and the exter nal cooling fan should be running The terminal s monitor should then show the ICD s identification message after a few seconds ICD 278 for 280 V2 0 If the ID message does not appear try pressing the RESET switch A prompt gt should also appear indicating that the system is working properly and that the ICD is ready to accept commands At this point any of the status commands com mand name followed by a RETURN can be entered They include B EV H I MA O PI R SU T Try entering a few of the status commands If the response from the ICD is the command s status then the system is prob ably functioning properly Otherwise continue reading and follow the procedures outlined in this chapter ICD 278 for Z8O ZAX Corporation 1 27 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION How To Get Your ICD Working Checking Electrical Connections 1 28 ZAX Corporation In this trouble shooting session you ll start by disconnecting the ICD from all external devices such as the target system host computer or terminal Then you ll check
127. tion Specification USER Command LOAD Command SAVE Command VERIFY Command HOST Command QUIT Command Command Syntax Summary Introduction Special Environments Important What Are The Five Control Modules Indicator Control Module Description Serial Interface Output Module Description Baud Rate Switches Changing The Baud Rate Settings SIO S 791 Module Components How To Set The Transmission Format Switches Factory Settings Multiple ICDs ICD 278 for Z8O ICD 278 for Z8O 3 12 RS 232 Interface Current Loop Interface Using The Current Loop Interface TTL Interface Using The TTL Interface XON and XOFF Protocol BUSY and DTR Input Signals BUSYOUT and DSR Output Signals RSTP Output Signal Real time Trace Module Description CPU Control Module Description Internal and External Clock How To Change The Internal Clock External Clock ICD Target System Interface CPU Timing RESET Signal INTERRUPT Signal BUS Control Setting Different Wait States REFRESH Signal Emulation Memory Unit Module Description ICD Emulation Memory Target System Memory Mapping Power Supply Specifications How To Disassemble Your ICD Introduction Important Notice To Users The Basic Parts Of Your ICD Procedure For Disassembling The ICD How The Modules Are Connected Procedure For Removing The Modules Installing The Modules ZAX Corporation SECTION 4 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL 4 1 Introdu
128. tively access either ROM or RAM Cause the ICD to insert a break in your program when an external pulse is sensed The Data Bus Emulation connector bypasses the Bi directional Bus transceiver and forcibly outputs a RETI instruction to various Z80 peripheral chips CTC PIO etc after an interrupt occurs The Emulation Select switch lets you 1 use the Data Bus Emu lation connector by disabling the ICD s data bus from the target system s data bus 2 send or suppress the RD signal and 3 insert 1 2 or 3 wait states into a machine cycle Section 1 ICD 278 for Z8O Section 1 Probe Name Emulation WHITE Qualify Probe Color Event GREEN Trigger Map YELLOW Control External RED Break ICD 278 for Z8O Accessory Cables amp Probes Probe Location BLUE wire of the Event Trigger cable BLUE wire of the Event Trigger cable RED wire of the External Break cable RED wire of the External Break cable What The Probe Does Outputs a HIGH level signal from the ICD to the Emula tion Qualify probe during emulation During the MONITOR mode breakpoint encountered or MONITOR button pressed the signal level is LOW Outputs a LOW level signal from the ICD to the Event Trigger probe when an event point is passed during emulation Accepts a LOW level input signal from the target system to dynamically select between ROM and RAM A LOW level input signal causes the ICD to set all
129. tlet and always apply power in the same sequence switch on the power supply first and then press the POWER ON switch The CPU In circuit Probe is used to connect the ICD to your target system The probe consists of a 20 inch ribbon cable with three end connectors The 40 pin connector end of the probe plugs into the target system s microprocessor socket On the other end ofthe probe are two sockets which plug into the ICD s In circuit Probe receptacles The sockets are labeled TOP and BOTTOM and MUST be placed in the corresponding ICD 278 for Z8O topp and bottom receptacles CAUTION DO NOT REVERSE PROBE CONNECTIONS MIS MATCHING THE TOP AND BOTTOM SOCKET CONNEC TORS WUIjJCUAUISF QCC NEAM ANDO MA MIT TN Karn Now turn to the appropriate heading on the next few pages to construct your microprocessor development system ZAX Corporation 1 13 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION Section 1 USING THE ICD WITHOUT A TARGET SYSTEM TERMINAL CONTROLLED System Configuration Terminal control of the ICD Operation Mode LOCAL Facilities needed for this system configuration ICD Console Terminal 1 RS 232 cable To use the ICD in this mode construct the system configuration shown on the opposite page using the information below First Make sure that the power to the ICD and all externally attached devices terminal printer is OFF then proceed as follows 1 Attach the COOLING FAN to the ICD and then plug t
130. ually undesirable due to extended download times especially with long files Spacing A space is required before filename no spaces are permitted where commas act as separators See Syntax Example above The first example shows how the LOAD command is used with ZICE host software utilizing soft ware protocol If ZICE is used H becomes the default and may therefore be omitted With this example a bias of 400H is added to the load address The second example loads a file from a host computer not using ZICE software For this application the ICD s HOST AUX port must be connected to a port on the host computer normally designated for a terminal one having access to the OS command language The message is sent to the host computer followed by a car riage return specified by OD which is its ASCII code prompt ing the host computer to transmit the file TEST HEX to the ICD The third example is used when the host computer s OS com mand language cannot be accessed via the SIO port but rather from a separate terminal This command will be given to the ICD first then the ICD will wait ready to receive input prompted from the host terminal Section 2 ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE SAVE Command SAVE Operation Saves an Intel Hex file from the ICD memory to the host com puter The file format is the same as the LOAD command Syntax S destination filename beg__adar end__add entry__ad
131. ug the fan s connector to the receptacle labeled DC FAN POWER 2 Connect your host computer to the ICD by using an RS 232 cable Attach the cable from your host computer s serial EIA RS 232 port to the ICD s HOST AUX port 3 Plug the AC POWER CORD into the ICD s power receptacle and then connect the other end of the cable to a power source 100V 447V 200V 240V gt 110V 417V LOCAL REM REM INT EXT INT DCE DTE DTE if you re using ZAX s BOX microcom puter DCE for other personal computers Baud Rates gt 9600 bps NOTE To change the ICD s baud rates see the chart on the opposite page POWER ON OFF Switch gt ON At this point you will have to load the ZICE software program necessary for interfacing the ICD to your host computer Execute the program loading commands as outlined in the ZICE software documentation The following message should now appear on your monitor s screen you may have to press the RESET switch on the ICD ICD 278 for Z80 V2 0 Now turn to page 1 26 1 18 ZAX Corporation _ ICD 278 for Z8O Section 1 ICD DESCRIPTION amp OPERATION ICD s HOST AUX port Host computer s SIO port Use chart below to change baud rate for ICD s Host AUX port eoe HOST COMPUTER FA 2 s 4 s e v s o A B C ole e lo exla ex ak 2 oo0 500 150 75 1410 134 5 200 1 8k 2 Baud Rate bps 19 2K ICD 278 for Z8O ZAX Corporation 1 19 I
132. ut External break input triggers from HI or LO edge External break output Unlimited breakpoints on address Disassemble from program memory Disassemble trace memory from any selected area e Assemble into memory Use ICD s serial interface from user program ZAX Corporation Search program memry for pattern Search trace memory for pattern xi Data Bus Emulation Connector and Test Clip Emulation Qualify Event Trigger Probes CPU In circuit Probe Map Contro External Break Probes Xii ZAX Corporation ICD 278 for Z8O About This Manual What This Manual Will Show You How To Use This Manual ICD 278 for 280 Thank you for choosing a ZAX in circuit emulator Your ZAX emulator is one of the most powerful and sophisticated micro processor development tools in the industry as you will soon discover But for all the things your emulator can do it s still very simple to use In fact you don t have to know a thing about ZAX emulators to use this manual The information presented in this manual is structured for first time users so you ll be learning about emulation techniques and applications as well If you re already familiar with the principles of emulation you can use this manual to learn a few basic emulator skills and then use the section on commands as a reference m How to identify the parts controls components and acces sories of your emulator and
133. wer Important Facts About The CPU In Circuit Probe Using The ICD Without A Target System Terminal Controlled Using The ICD Without A Target System Terminal Controlled Host Storage Using The ICD Without A Target System Host Computer Controlled Using The ICD With A Target System Terminal Controlled Using The ICD With A Target System Terminal Controlled Host Storage Using The ICD With A Target System Host Computer Controlled ZAX Corporation 1 26 What Can You Do With Your MDS 1 26 What To Do If Your MDS Is Not Working 1 27 Trouble Shooting 127 Introduction The Problem 127 And The Solution 1 27 What Should Happen 1 28 How To Get Your ICD Working 1 48 Checking Electrical Connections 1 29 Diagnosing ICD Interface Problems 1 29 ICD and External Cooling Fan 1 30 ICD and Terminal 1 31 ICD with Target System Connected 1 33 What To Do If The ICD Still Doesn t Work 1 34 More About Your ICD 1 34 Introduction 1 35 Accessory Cables amp Probes 1 36 Data Bus Emulation Connector 1 38 Emulation Select Switch SECTION 2 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE 2 1 ICD COMMANDS 2 2 Host amp File Handling Commands 2 3 Introduction 2 4 Elements Within A Command Statement 2 8 Example Of The Command Format 2 10 HowTo Enter A Command 2 10 Command Example 2 11 Entering The Example Command 2 11 What To Do If You Make An Input Error 2 12 Error Messages 2 13 ASSEMBLE Command 2 15 BREAK Commands 2 16 Statu
134. what they do Section 1 a How to connect the emulator to your terminal host compu ter and target system Section 1 m How to find out more about special emulator controls and learn how to use them for your specific applications Sec tion 1 How to use the accessories that came with your emulator Section 1 m How to use each of the emulator commands Section 2 How to learn more about how your emulator works by exam ining the internal control modules Section 3 a How to write support software programs for communication between the emulator and a host computer Section 4 There are really only two things you must know to use a ZAX emulator the first is how to connect it to your present system and the second is how to control the emulator s operation by using the commands These two subjects are presented in the first two sections of this manual and of these two you ll be us ing the section on commands particularly ZAX Corporation Emulator or ICD ZAX Corporation So first read Section 1 to learn about the various controls and components of your emulator Before you can operate your emulator you ll have to set certain switches and make some minor adjustments so that it performs correctly with your sys tem Then continue on to learn how to connect your emulator to other devices such as a console terminal or a host com puter and your target system Once your emulator is working
135. xamples include TX Don t care condition in hexadecimal notation May be specified in 4 bit units 0 F or X 01XX X001 Don t care condition in binary notation May be specified in 1 bit units 0 1 or X Section 2 ICD 278 for Z8O Section 2 MASTER COMMAND GUIDE The Equal Sign The equal sign causes the value or infor mation on its right to assume a relationship with the value on its left Example of the equal sign P 100 55 In this example the ICD does not display anything in re sponse to this entry but the value entered on the right which represents a data value of 58H is now assigned a relationship with the value on the left an address value of 100H The Comma Character The comma character is used to separate parameters when more than one parameter is re quired to form a command statement Example of the comma character DI 0 100 NOTE A space may be substituted for a comma eg DI 0 100 DI 0 100 buta space cannot be used where a comma acts as separator eg DI 0 100 Brackets Items in square brackets are optional If you choose to include the information you should not enter the brackets only the information inside the brackets Examples of brackets Dzdafa bias The Return Key The return key is used to terminate state ments and execute commands and it must be entered after every statement It is assumed that the return key must be pressed after the c

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