User manual Debris Operations Tool
Contents
1. checks that all the necessary entries in tables IK IIQ IJ TKO IQ JJ and KL are available Yet the user must be aware that if data is inconsistent or lead to infeasibilities the solver will not find a solution 3 2 Param parameters In the worksheet Param several parameters have to be entered The first group of parameters determine the objective to be optimized and are the following ones e FinancialCost Weight weight given in the objective function to the total financial costs e CollectionTimeWeight weight given in the objective function to the time taken until debris collec tion is completed e DisposalTimeWeight weight given in the objective function to the time taken until all debris has been either disposed or sold recycled e DebrisLandfilledWeight weight given in the objective function to the amount of debris landfilled e EnvironmentalCost Weight weight given in the objective function to the total environmental costs e DebrisRevenueWeight weight given in the objective function to the revenue obtained from recy clable debris A specific description for each of the outcomes of interest mentioned above is provided in the section entitled Analyzing a solution The objective to be optimized by the model is given by FinancialCost Weight FinancialCost CollectionTimeWeight CollectionTime DisposalTimeWeight Dispos alTime DebrisLandfilledWeight DebrisLand2. namely financial costs collection and disposal durations environmental costs depletion of landfills and recycled amounts It can be a useful decision support system for the improvement of debris management plans It can also be used for operational purposes after disasters occur The tool requirements are a PC with 64 bit Microsoft Windows Microsoft Office Excel in versions 2003 or later and internet connection The tool is executed entirely through Excel files having routines coded in VBA that are accessed easily through buttons It makes use of the optimization solver package GLPK 4 developed by the GNU project for solving the optimization model and of Google Maps Image APIs 5 for obtaining maps showing the main aspects of the solutions provided by the solver in an easy to analyze way The tool developed is entirely executed through one Excel file and different instances of the problem can be studied using copies of it The file contains several worksheets some with control panels where different procedures can be executed others for data inputs and others where the results obtained are made available The first step when making use of the tool is to input data in the respective worksheets After that buttons are used to have Excel communicate with GLPK for it to run the optimization model and have the results obtained written into respective worksheets of the same file Repeating this process with different parameters for the
3. etc Another important aspect might be the need to differentiate waste into nonhazardous waste and hazardous waste due to the different treatment they require Keep in mind that the decision of what debris types to consider also depends on the debris processes considered 3 4 J locations Worksheet J contains data related to the different locations The different columns of this worksheet are explained below LocationIndex numbers from 1 to the total number of locations each number representing a respective location LocationCode any number that represents the respective location Longitude longitude of the respective location Latitude latitude of the respective location DebrisSourceLocation 1 if the location represents a region where there is uncollected debris and 0 if it represents a landfill or a potential location for opening a processing site If a region or sector represents both uncollected debris and a landfill or potential site location then define two locations with the same coordinates one of them with a 1 for this column and the other with a 0 FixedSiteCostInUs fixed cost US of opening a processing site in the respective location set it in 0 if DebrisSourceLocation equals 1 SiteCapacityInSqFt space available sq ft at the processing site if it is opened LandfillProcessingRateInTonPerWorkday amount of debris that the respective landfill can receive in a workday ton workd
4. in red for the Trinidad and Tobago example SF Gooale Figure 5 Locations chosen for installing the process of debris separation with landfills in red for the Trinidad and Tobago example 17 The processes considered worksheet K are NoProcess Separation ConcreteCrushing Grinding Burning Compaction This project is an example of how different debris types and processes can be considered For simple applications depending on the types of debris expected to be obtained parts of the data contained in this project can be used and for others it can serve as an example Yet the user must be aware that all the numbers that describe the debris types and processes such as ProcessConversionFactor in worksheet IIK and any other parameters must be critically analyzed and adjusted accordingly The values used in this and the other projects are approximations and should be revised before using the results obtained from the tool 8 Creating a new project For developing a new personalized project first copy and paste one of the projects such as the Sim pleProject and change the name of the folder to a desired name without spaces Also change the name of the Excel file to a desired name again without spaces Then all data has to be entered or adapted keeping the formats as explained before An alternative is to create several projects each one representing a different disaster to be analyzed Reference
5. problem allows analyzing tradeoffs between the objectives for example between net costs and disposal time For more information on disaster debris operations the reader is encouraged to read the Public as sistance debris management guide developed by the United States Federal Environmental Management Agency 2 the document Planning for natural disaster debris developed by the United States Environ mental Protection Agency 1 and the document Managing post disaster debris the Japan experience developed by the United Nations Environment Programme 6 Both the model and tool have been entirely developed at the Georgia Institute of Technology Section 2 deals with setting up the tool section 3 with the data needed and how to input it section 4 with running the model section 5 with analyzing the solutions obtained section 6 with the functionality of forcing some decisions section 7 describes example projects that come with the tool section 8 describes how to create a new project 2 Setting up the tool The tool only requires having Microsoft Excel 2003 or a later version installed in a PC and is entirely applied using an Excel file a different one for each project It comes in a file called DebrisOpera tionsTool zip that has to be extracted Once the file is extracted a folder is obtained called DebrisOperationsTool that contains different subfolders each representing a different project For creating
6. to understand the impact of different budget levels on the disposal time so one could take DisposalTimeWeight equal to 1 and all others 0 and solve the model for different values of MFinancialCost budget The other parameters are described below e TransportationCostPerCyMile transportation cost in US per cy mile e TransportationEnvCostPerCyMile transportation environmental cost in US per cy mile e WorkTeams number of work teams for example number of trucks e TransportationCapacityPerWorkTeam amount of debris that a work team can carry for example truck volumetric capacity e TruckDistancePerWorkDay number of miles that a truck runs in one workday multiply their average speed miles hr with the number of hours in a work day e MinSites minimum number of processing sites to be opened e MaxSites maximum number of processing sites to be opened 3 3 I debris types Worksheet I contains data related to the different debris types and materials or waste types possible to obtain from the original types For example it is desirable to differentiate debris types such as concrete and steel from brick wood and other construction materials easier to collect than concrete and steel and also from vegetative debris since they can be applied in different ways The different columns of this worksheet are explained below e DebrisIndex numbers from 1 to the total number of debris types each number repres
7. SourceLocation equal to 0 Call it location 2 e DistanceInMiles travelling distance between location 1 and location 2 miles 3 15 KL processing capacity costs and rates Worksheet KL determines the cost of installing processes at different capacity levels and the respective processing rates The different columns of this worksheet are explained below e ProcessIndex index of a process e Levellndex index of a processing capacity level e FixedProcessCostInUs cost of installing at a processing site the respective process at the respec tive capacity level US e ProcessingRateInTonPerWorkday processing rate of the respective process at the respective ca pacity level ton workday e SiteSpaceRequiredInSqFt space required at a processing site of the respective process at the re spective capacity level sq ft e TimeBlockIndex time block index of the respective process at the respective capacity level deter mines time until process becomes available if selected to be installed 11 4 Finding a solution Once all data has been entered and is in the right format the model can be executed to obtain a solution For this several buttons are available in the worksheet Main which are explained below e Run everything this button runs the 4 buttons below in that order e Create solver model file this button creates a model file stored in the folder Model and called Model txt e Generat
8. User manual Debris Operations Tool Optimizing disaster debris management operations Center for Health and Humanitarian Logistics H Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology October 2013 Abstract Debris generated by natural disasters such as hurricanes earthquakes tsunamis and floods can hinder relief efforts and result in devastating economic environmental and health problems The Debris Operations Tool developed at Georgia Tech is an Excel based PC application aimed at supporting disaster and waste management officials with the collection transportation reduction recycling and disposal of debris The tool enables optimizing and balancing financial cost duration of the removal operations and other objectives It improves decision making in a complex environment where experience and intuition are insufficient thus requiring innovative analytical models The tool can support local communities with operational decisions after disasters and with the challenging development of strategic plans for disaster debris management when preparing for future disasters Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Setting up the tool A 3 Incorporating data Only DataCe ntet sa ye hye Sc a aa a e Mice E Ghee Roh Mae Sh Stink ke ie 3 3 2 Paran Parameters sr ah gient dh ol ake at kenya bern onan Se Beale Geode Son oe Bo P debris types cin 2S a eck ka ek A anak A Selma d noe Sick ee Gece ae eee a o
9. a new project simply copy and paste one of these folders and adapt the Excel file accordingly Section 6 explains the differences between each of these projects Each project has an Excel file and folders named Data GLPK Model and Solutions The Excel file is used for inputting data calling an optimization solver called GLPK writing the solutions obtained by the solver into the Excel file and finally for analyzing these solutions The folders contained do not need to be used but must be there for the tool to work correctly The solver files are in the folder GLPK the model file is created in the folder Model CSV files with the data present in the Excel file are created in the folder Data for the solver to read and the solver generates CSV files with the generated solution in the folder Solutions which are read from the Excel file into it The next section details the data requirements and how to incorporate it 3 Incorporating data The first step prior to running the model is to have all needed data in good shape in the Excel file It is important to keep in mind that in all data tables there must be no empty cells and that all Indexes for example DebrisIndex must be the values 1 2 3 etc Also when deleting rows or columns make sure to delete them completely instead of only deleting the respective cells this might need to unprotect the worksheet The worksheets wi
10. ay set it in 0 if there is no landfill in the respective location DisposalCapacityInCy total volume of debris that the respective landfill can receive cy Description short verbal description of the respective location at most 30 characters Keep in mind that the locations with a 1 in DebrisSourceLocation should be chosen as the center of a sector where uncollected debris is found If the sectors are smaller the transportation costs considered from the respective locations will be more accurate 3 5 K processes Worksheet K contains data related to the different debris processes Typically these will include a process of doing nothing or storing otherwise the model will force applying processes to all de bris separation maybe more than one type of separation concrete crushing grinding of wood and compacting of waste for example The different columns of this worksheet are explained below e ProcessIndex numbers from 1 to the total number of processes each number representing a re spective process e ProcessCode any number that represents the respective process e MinProcess minimum number of processing sites where the process has to be installed e MaxProcess maximum number of processing sites where the process has to be installed e ProcessCostInUsPerTon processing cost per unit of debris processed US ton e ProcessEnvCostInUsPerTon processing environmental cost per unit of debris process
11. d another of 60 days then one group of processes would become available 30 days after the disaster strikes and another group 60 days after the disaster strikes 3 9 IIK process conversion factors Worksheet IIK contains the data needed to represent how debris types are transformed into others using processes The different columns of this worksheet are explained below e DebrislIndex index of a debris type to be processed call it debris type 1 e Debris2Index index of a debris type obtained when applying the respective process call it debris type 2 e ProcessIndex index of the process applied e ProcessConversionFactor proportion of debris type 2 obtained when applying the respective process to debris type 1 For example separation can take as debris type 1 a debris type composed of concrete and waste to obtain 60 or 0 6 factor of concrete debris type 2 and 40 or 0 4 factor of waste debris type 2 3 10 IIQ collection conversion factors Worksheet IIQ contains the data needed to represent how source debris types are transformed into others depending on the collection method used The different columns of this worksheet are explained below e DebrislIndex index of a debris type to be collected call it debris type 1 It must be a debris type with SourceDebris equal to 1 e Debris2Index index of a debris type obtained when applying the respective collection method call it debris type 2 It mu
12. e FJA SOC AMONG ra he Se Sencar ch Senta Re ak tn ce oS Neg a se Mee ates Riv be erat e tina h Min Me dee 2 30 aK PrOCESSES A wert Ae deck dah teh tues Gh ee Ate nde OS ee Bek 2 3 6 L process capacity levels 2 5 beg Sie soles Beate ete BE ee BR tae 3 7 Q collection methods lt 4 0 58 cvy 88 y a ieee ah ese ds ah hs oe Ed 3S WP time blocks ienasi id havea nag te Wee che neh whe eh hed ne DaN de ae eke fe on it Gn Sal ps shat 3 9 IIK process conversion factors o oo e ee ee 3 10 IIQ collection conversion factors i oo o 46 GI a 3 11 IJ disaster debris generated po eee hs eet ep y lor nee Ge eee 3 12 IKO applicable processes alersce 28 Lien et dO teh a dani thse Mantes Wg Abenecat a fod 10 3 13 IQ collection costs and rates ee des tach S Aid Aedes Rl YS Rd Be Eee 11 j TOU KUO OOONDAOA n Bolded distances ois E a aes se ada Ort hea nas aoe ea nates Erbe eg KR ches ra Pe Nae eae 11 3 15 KL processing capacity costs and rates 2 a a 11 4 Finding a solution 12 5 Analyzing a solution 12 JL Solution C ter a y we a WS ee eS BAS bak amp a ae OOS 12 I2 Map ge ed he a Se he oa aA a en a a Se ec oe Sats a ah cs hs oe la gs ae lee a ee es a 12 5 3 LimeColPrO 4 ode a oe ee owe a AA Be bee OSs eS oo lela A 13 JA SOIL OR he ee dyads amp we Te ee wn dee ae ate et ee eh ike BR ike BR ae 13 Dee Proc sses tu oo ade Bie HG Ge EA ho We ek ee ek we I 13 DOr MOLEC TOM re xe he Malad te Ahad Sre
13. e Wend end gow Rew A grok eee ez a Gabe Le od Ste lin te Gos 13 Bet PRAMS pi sies a e a ae te oa ew aa o ara oae a oa eck he ae bree aA 13 5 9 Transportation i lt 4 a tit a eae n dons na e tds be E a eg ee Oe 13 SO STOO a rA aa kee Kets nae a heh d Mle ce do ae dg abn am 13 LO Processi ek dks A g note Ohad andy aa kes us a ea at gg shee tae bee tok Uh poate 14 eo cle are ee Rae See ne Da RE AEE Sa a a PS RRO eR RP 14 J2 Asami Ge Sr Saias Bes Age Gye Bh St ee eM ey EM eg ake ook Okt oe Ge ae ose 14 6 Forcing some decisions 14 es OME Ten ccc tres Gt Beha Gs cit nae Eagle at ata E cpanel amp ee es partaedes Be Be Bye Aae es ai ae Sen 14 6 2 o BOVCCr TOCCSS 204 dae 6 ka Bk ee Rae Ge gh ae ee A OP ED EE BS 14 7 Example projects 15 Tel SimpleProject ay a wba ae Se ee ee ee SL we ea a 15 7 2 TrinidadExampleProject 3 a 2 eT Gok ea od eee EE ee Ee es 15 ior MiamiDadeProject ithe yy ue ey kobe ate dee aS acme ae a ce hea ee ke ae he a 15 8 Creating a new project 18 Acknowledgements This tool development was supported by the grant NSF CMMI 1000085 Managing Debris Collection and Disposal Operations This work has also been supported by Andrea Laliberte the Nash Family Claudia L and J Paul Raines and Richard E Rick and Charlene Zalesky 1 Introduction Debris generated by disasters such as hurricanes and earthquakes can be overwhelming often leading to considerable financial health and environmental difficulties The purpo
14. e data files for solver this button generates CSV files in the folder Data that contain all the data in the respective worksheets e Solve model with solver this button executes a shell command that calls GLPK from the folder GLPK giving it the instruction to read the model file and data files solve the problem and write the solution found to CSV files in the folder Solutions e Read solver solution files this button writes the solutions from the CSV files into the respective worksheets Keep in mind that the weights in worksheet Param determine the objective of the model that is to say the outcome that will be optimized and the bounds in the same worksheet force limits for these outcomes 5 Analyzing a solution Once the solver has obtained a solution and it has been written into the Excel file using the buttons in worksheet Main the results are available in the worksheets described in what follows 5 1 SolutionCenter Worksheet SolutionCenter presents the main results obtained containing the values for the outcomes of interest financial cost collection and disposal times landfilled amounts environmental cost and revenue from recycled debris It also contains specific financial costs and some other basic results such as the number of processing sites opened The parameters that determine the objective to be optimized and the limits given to the outcomes of interest are also shown copied fr
15. ection is required for obtaining these maps and each is built using Google Maps Image APIs 5 5 3 TimeColPro Worksheet TimeColPro contains a list of the debris processing time in days it takes for each installed process at each opened site and also a list of the disposal processing time in days it takes for each landfill In both cases the times reported assume there are no idle times with processes and disposal working at full capacity in all the work hours of every day This worksheet also contains a list of the collection methods and the processes with the total amount of debris that they have been applied to 5 4 Sites Worksheet Sites specify the locations in which processing sites are chosen to be opened by the model 5 5 Processes Worksheet Processes specify the processes installed in each site and the capacity levels chosen for each 5 6 Collection Worksheet Collection reports the amount ton of each debris type collected using each collection method at each location 5 7 Transp0 Worksheet Transp0 contains the amount ton of each debris type transported between each pair of locations immediately after collection from debris source locations to other locations 5 8 Transportation Worksheet Transportation contains the amount ton of each debris type transported between each pair of locations in each phase phase 1 corresponds to transportation after collection and before firs
16. ed US ton For example this can be useful if the amount of debris burned is an outcome of interest e Description short verbal description of the respective process at most 30 characters It is important to keep in mind that the different debris types and processes must be selected in a coordinated way For example if concrete is considered and the possibility to crush it then there must exist a debris type representing crushed concrete An important tradeoff that the model supports analyzing is how different levels of investment in processing machines leads to different durations of the debris operations The worksheets called L and KL deal with the processing capacity levels 3 6 L process capacity levels Worksheet L contains data related to the different debris process capacity levels for example repre senting number of machines installed or size of machine installed The different columns of this worksheet are explained below e LevelIndex numbers from 1 to the total number of process capacity levels each number representing a respective process capacity level e LevelCode any number that represents the respective process capacity level e Description short verbal description of the respective process capacity levels at most 30 charac ters 3 7 Q collection methods Worksheet Q contains data related to the different methods for collecting debris for example collection can involve more or
17. enting a respective debris type e DebrisCode any number that represents the respective debris type e SourceDebris 1 if the respective debris type represents debris before collection and 0 if it represents debris after collection e CanBePickedUp 0 if the respective debris type cannot be picked up either at cost or at revenue and 1 if it is For example crushed concrete might be sold so it can be picked up but not before crushing e DensityInTonPerCy density of the respective debris type ton cy e RevenueInUSperTon revenue obtained from selling the respective debris type US ton if not possible to sell a value can be given here to the benefit it provides to the community It must be 0 if not recyclable DisposalCostInUsPerTon disposal cost in landfills US ton DisposalEnvCostInUsPerTon disposal environmental cost in landfills US ton Description short verbal description of the respective debris type at most 30 characters In the most simple case one could have uncollected debris and collected debris Depending on the types of debris obtained a possibility is to consider uncollected concrete waste concrete waste crushed concrete compacted waste Or if the focus is on other types of construction waste or a better representation is desired another set of categories could be uncollected wood brick waste wood brick waste ground wood
18. ere a site can be opened at 73 10 36 78 7 2 TrinidadExampleProject The project TrinidadExampleProject contains a simple representation of debris types and processes focusing on concrete waste but a richer representation of debris source locations also considering three landfills and several potential locations for opening processing sites The debris data contained in worksheet IJ of this file is based on estimates for a historical 7 8 magnitude earthquake that occurred in 1766 close to the capital of Trinidad and Tobago however the method used for obtaining these estimates has not been tested Figures 2 3 4 5 show some maps obtained with the tool 7 3 MiamiDadeProject The project MiamiDadeProject contains a rich representation of debris types and processes The de bris types considered worksheet I are UncollectedConcreteWaste UncollectedBrickWoodWaste Un collected VegetativeWaste ConcreteWaste BrickWoodWaste VegetativeWaste Concrete Brick Wood Vegetative Waste CrushedConcrete GroundBrick GroundWood GroundVegetative Burned Vegetative BurnedWaste Compacted Waste 15 Figure 2 Debris source locations making up for 75 of total debris for the Trinidad and Tobago example Figure 3 Potential locations for opening processing sites with landfills in red for the Trinidad and Tobago example 16 Figure 4 Locations chosen for opening processing sites with landfills
19. filled EnvironmentalCost Weight EnvironmentalCost DebrisRevenueWeight DebrisRevenue Using these parameters the user is provided the option to choose what outcome to optimize For example choosing FinancialCostWeight equal to 1 and all other weights equal to 0 means that the objective that the model will pursue is to minimize FinancialCost The next group of parameters provide limits for the values that these objectives will take e FinancialCostBound upper limit for total financial costs e CollectionTimeBound upper limit for the time taken until debris collection is completed e DisposalTimeBound upper limit for the time taken until all debris has been either disposed or sold recycled e DebrisLandfilledBound upper limit for the amount of debris landfilled e EnvironmentalCostBound upper limit for total environmental costs e DebrisRevenueLowerBound lower limit for the revenue obtained from sold debris It is important to keep in mind that setting limits impossible to satisfy will not make it possible for a solution to be found by the solver so these values must be selected appropriately It is recommended to always start with very big upper limits and a 0 lower limit and from there change them as desired It is recommended to analyze the tradeoffs between the different outcomes of interest by always choosing one of the weights equal to 1 and all others equal to 0 and changing the bounds as desired For instance one would like
20. less separation of debris or usage of different resources The different columns of this worksheet are explained below e CollectionMethodIndex numbers from 1 to the total number of collection methods each number representing a respective collection method e CollectionMethodCode any number that represents the respective collection method e Description short verbal description of the respective collection method at most 30 characters Typically there will be two collection methods one fast and cheap and another one slower and more expensive but that contributes to debris separation representing a more careful collection method 3 8 T time blocks Worksheet T contains the different time blocks available A time block is defined as the time from the disaster strike until a group of processes become available The different columns of this worksheet are explained below e TimeBlockIndex numbers from 1 to the total number of time blocks each number representing a respective time block e TimeBlockCode any number that represents the respective time block e DurationInDays number of days the respective time block lasts e Description short verbal description of the respective time block at most 30 characters Typically there will be one time block for example of 30 days This would mean that all processes become available 30 days after the disaster strikes If for example two time blocks were used one of 30 days an
21. ll be available in the first phase and all other processes in the second phase The different columns of this worksheet are explained below e DebrisIndex index of a debris type with SourceDebris equal to 0 e ProcessIndex index of a location with DebrisSourceLocation equal to 0 e OrderIndex index of a phase with 1 for the first one and 2 for the second one e ApplicableProcess 1 if the respective process is applicable for the respective debris type and phase 0 if not 10 3 13 IQ collection costs and rates Worksheet IQ determines the cost and rate for the different collection methods as applied to the different debris types The different columns of this worksheet are explained below e DebrisIndex index of a debris type with SourceDebris equal to 1 e CollectionMethodIndex index of a collection method e CollectionCostInUsPerTon unitary cost of collection the respective debris type with the respective collection method US ton e CollectionRatePerWorkTeamInTonPer Workday collection rate for one work team for the respective debris type and collection method ton workday 3 14 JJ distances Worksheet JJ contains the travelling distances between different locations The different columns of this worksheet are explained below e LocationlIndex index of a location with DebrisSourceLocation equal to 0 or 1 Call it location 1 e Location2Index index of a location with Debris
22. n with 0 in DebrisSourceLocation that is a potential site location Do not put the indexes of locations for which the model is allowed to choose e SiteOpenedOrClosed 1 if a site must be opened in the respective location and 0 if it must not be opened Keep in mind that forcing the solution to do impossible things such as not opening processing sites at all or limiting financial cost too much will not permit the solver to find a solution 6 2 ForceProcess Worksheet ForceProcess can be used for forcing a process to be installed at a certain location with a certain capacity level or to force to not allow this The different columns of this worksheet are explained below e LocationIndex index of a location with 0 in DebrisSourceLocation that is a potential site location e ProcessIndex index of a process e Levellndex index of a processing capacity level 14 e SiteOpenedOrClosed 1 if the respective process must be installed in the respective location with the respective capacity level 0 if this not allowed If it is desired for the model to choose on a certain combination of locations processes and levels simply do not put the respective combinations in this list Keep in mind that forcing the solution to do impossible things such as forcing a site to be closed but a process to be installed there will not permit the solver to find a solution 7 Example projects The tool comes with some exam
23. om worksheet Param Do not change these values in this worksheet A short description of the other worksheets that contain results is also available 5 2 Map Worksheet Map has four buttons each for creating and showing a different map These are described below Button Debris source locations shows a map with labels in the centers of the sectors that represent source debris as described in worksheet J To the right there is a green square to control the percentage of the total source debris represented in the different locations shown Priority is given to showing those locations that have more debris For example for small numbers of this value the map will show only the locations with more debris and for big numbers of this value the map will show several locations For updating the map after changing this number click again on the button 12 Button Potential sites shows all the locations where processing sites can be opened and it also shows the landfills as described in worksheet J Button Opened sites shows all the locations where processing sites have been chosen to be opened by the model Button Sites with process shows all the locations where a respective process has been installed The process is chosen by entering the respective index in the green square at the right of the button For updating the map after changing this index click again on the button An active internet conn
24. ple projects that can be used for understanding how it works and for more easily building a personalized project by copy and pasting data related to debris types and processes Nevertheless the values used in these projects are approximations and should be critically analyzed and adjusted before accepting the results obtained from the tool 7 1 SimpleProject The project SimpleProject contains vary basic data and is only intended for understanding how the tool works It considers 5 debris types look at worksheet I namely UncollectedMaterialsAnd Waste Waste MaterialsAndWaste Materials and RecycledMaterials and 3 processes look at worksheet K namely NoProcess Separation and Recycling When applying separation to MaterialsAndWaste a 50 of it is obtained as Materials and a 50 as Waste and when applying Recycling to Materials a 100 of it is obtained as RecycledMaterials look at worksheet IK The process of separation is applicable in phase 1 and recycling in phase 2 look at worksheet IKT This project considers four regions with debris whose centers have the coordinates with longitude first and latitude second 73 14 36 84 73 05 36 80 73 11 36 77 and 73 07 36 74 look at worksheet J Also a landfill located at 73 12 36 82 where a site can be opened and another location wh
25. s 1 Environmental Protection Agency EPA Planning for Natural Disaster Debris http www epa gov wastes conserve imr cdm pubs pndd pdf last accessed October 2013 2 Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA Public Assistance Debris Management Guide http www fema gov pdf government grant pa demagde pdf last accessed October 2013 3 Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA Hazus FEMA s methodology for estimating potential losses from disasters http www fema gov hazus last accessed October 2013 4 GLPK GNU Linear Programming Kit http www gnu org software glpk last accessed August 2013 5 Google Maps Image APIs https developers google com maps documentation imageapis last accessed August 2013 6 United Nations Environment Programme UNEP Managing post disaster debris the Japan experi ence http postconflict unep ch publications UNEP_Japan_post tsunami_debris pdf last accessed October 2013 18
26. se of the tool described in this document is to assist disaster and waste management officials with debris management decisions both prior to and after disasters The tool implements an optimization model that takes a particular post disaster debris scenario and recommends a set of locations in which to open processing sites for debris management purposes also recommending what type of processes to apply at each of these sites for example separation crushing of concrete waste compacting burning how to collect debris at each location and where to dispose each type of debris Figure 1 represents the inputs and outputs of the model in a simplified way Inputs Outputs Debris estimates Financial costs for each zone Duration by type Debris landfilled Debris recycled Potential locations for opening Processing processing sites Debris sites to open Operations Model Landfill locations Processing capacity levels to make available at each site Debris processes available Debris flow reduction and recycling decisions Figure 1 Diagram representing the inputs and outputs of the model in a simplified way The tool can be used for strategic purposes such as identifying good potential locations for opening processing sites in case a disaster occurs identifying the debris processes that are most convenient to apply depending on the kind and intensity of the eventual disaster and for understanding the relation between different objectives
27. st be a debris type with SourceDebris equal to 0 e CollectionMethodIndex index of the collection method applied e CollectionConversionFactor proportion of debris type 2 obtained when applying the respective collection method to debris type 1 3 11 IJ disaster debris generated Worksheet IJ contains the data needed to represent the debris generated by the disaster This will depend on the location and the type of debris The different columns of this worksheet are explained below e DebrisIndex index of a debris type with SourceDebris equal to 1 e LocationIndex index of a location with DebrisSourceLocation equal to 1 e InitialDebrisInTon amount of the respective debris type in the respective location ton The data contained in this worksheet depends on the particular disaster considered type intensity etc and on geographical conditions of the region considered such as primarily the building inventory but possibly on several other factors such as vegetation Software Hazus MH 3 developed by the Federal Environmental Management Agency can be used for obtaining debris estimates for different types of disasters in particular hurricanes and earthquakes in the United States 3 12 IKO applicable processes Worksheet IKO determines to what debris types can each process be applied and the order of these processes There are two different phases for processing and typically only separation wi
28. t processing phase 2 to transportation between first and second processing and phase 3 transportation after second processing and before disposal 5 9 ProcOdO Worksheet Proc0 reports the amount ton of each debris type that is not processed in each phase 13 5 10 Processing Worksheet Processing reports the amount ton of each debris type processed using each process in each phase There is also a column for processing capacity level but it can be ignored it is consistent with the chosen capacity level at each site Phase 1 corresponds to first processing and phase 2 to second processing 5 11 Sold Worksheet Sold contains the amount ton of each debris type picked up at each location it includes debris picked up at cost 5 12 Landfilled Worksheet Landfilled reports the amount ton of each debris type disposed at each location 6 Forcing some decisions There are two worksheets described below that can be used for forcing some decisions on the opening of processing sites and the processes to install in them Every time a new solution is desired to be obtained based on changed parameters or data go to worksheet Main and run the model again click on Run everything 6 1 ForceSite Worksheet ForceSite can be used for forcing to open or to not open processing sites at some locations The different columns of this worksheet are explained below e LocationIndex index of a locatio
29. th green tabs are the ones to be completed and each is described in what follows Also keep in mind that these worksheets contain several comments in the first row for quickly under standing what data is required hold the mouse over cells with a small red mark to see the comments 3 1 DataCenter The only parameter that can be set up in the worksheet DataCenter is a time limit for the solver This can be useful if quick solutions are needed for big problems but the user must be aware that setting too short time limits can lead to solutions with objectives far from the best possible since the solver might not have enough time for finding a very good solution This worksheet also contains three buttons that are useful for faster data incorporation described below The button Generate distance matrix JJ sheet uses the location coordinates to generate the distances between these locations using straight lines between them in the worksheet JJ The user must be aware that the ideal is to have real road distances instead of using this method The button Complete IIK IIQ IKT sheets with needed 0s completes the data in worksheets IK IIQ and IKO with the value 0 for all those entries that are lacking This button makes easy to incorporate the respective data because these tables have many zero values so it is not necessary to enter these zero values manually The button Check data tables are complete
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