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1. ee product 1 X B ProductStream d H Ww enerProd matProd1 y matProd2 d cb 11 gt AA B MaterialProducti Se ETE BE Product LE MaterialProducti B MaterialProduct2 nergy S name EString name EString name EStrin E pon 9 active EBoolean active EBoolean Fig 13 Detailed view of the ProductStream class it s the lower classes Since the metamodel of the product streams has the same structure as the metamodel of the feed streams it is not discussed in detail here The design choices made for the product streams are essentially the same as those for the feed streams 5 3 Possible improvements The final model as discussed above still needs the user to input Visual Basic code to generate a working user unit operation There are a couple of possibilities to improve this 1 To find or design a tool that can translate equations from Matlab or Excel to Visual Basic The user still has to define the code but it would be done in a language that they understand rather than Visual Basic 2 To define a metamodel in this metamodel instead of the class Code This metamodel has its own transformation to transform the model into Visual Basic code Of the two options this is most likely the most difficult to achieve 21 6 Transformation This chapter discusses the transformation of instances of the metamodel to Visual Basic code Section 6 1 gives an overview of the differ
2. ActiveObject Products2Name this matProd2 name ActiveObject Products2Active this matProd2 active ActiveObject EnergyProductsName this enerProd name ActiveObject EnergyProductsActive this enerProd active ENDDEFINE DEFINE exeFeed FOR uuo1 FeedStream On Error GoTo EarlyExit Dim feed As Object Set feed ActiveObject Feeds1 Item 0 If feed Is Nothing Then GoTo EarlyExit IF this matFeed2 active Dim feed2 As Object Set feed2 ActiveObject Feeds2 Item If feed2 Is Nothing Then GoTo EarlyExit ENDIF IF this enerFeed active Dim enfeed As Object Set enfeed ActiveObject EnergyFeeds Item If enfeed Is Nothing Then GoTo EarlyExit ENDIF ENDDEFINE DEFINE exeProd FOR uuo1 ProductStream Dim prod As Object Set prod ActiveObject Products1 Item If prod Is Nothing Then GoTo EarlyExit IF this matProd2 active Dim prod2 As Object Set prod2 ActiveObject Products2 Item If prod2 Is Nothing Then GoTo EarlyExit ENDIF IF this enerProd active Dim enprod As Object Set enprod ActiveObject EnergyProducs Item If enprod Is Nothing Then GoTo EarlyExit ENDIF ENDDEFINE DEFINE exeCode FOR uuo1 Code Dim theComps As Object Set theComps ActiveObject Flowsheet FluidPackage Components FOREACH this modelCode split AS a a toString ENDFOREACH ActiveObject SolveComplete Exit Sub EarlyExit not enough info to c
3. Mixing in which a large number of feed streams can be combined However to keep the model of a unit operation simple these instances are ignored in this study 14 4 Solution Design To design a solution for the problem several steps have been taken Section 4 1 gives an overview of those steps Sections 4 2 to 4 4 describe these steps in detail 4 1 Overview The solution design consists of three steps The first step is to define a metamodel since a metamodel defines the language that is used to model the problem The second step is a transformation from the model to text This result of this transformation is a file in a language that the process simulator understands This file then has to be imported in the process simulator which is the last step Wanting to use Fig 9 The steps that make up the solution design 4 2 Metamodel A metamodel is used to define the language in which the model is described see Section 2 3 1 Ideally the metamodel is defined in a way that enables the process engineer to put all the necessary information in the resulting model In our case it would mean that the engineer should be able to define the unit operation and its behaviour in the model The metamodel is defined with the program Eclipse Modelling Framework EMF which is a collection of plug ins for the Eclipse Integrated Development Environment IDE The EMF project has developed a modelling framework and code generation facilit
4. a toString ENDFOREACH ENDDEFINE DEFINE sqInfoF FOR uuo1 FeedStream AfterCompCheck On Error GoTo ThatsAll Dim GotTwo As Boolean GotTwo False Dim feed As Object Set feed ActiveObject Feeds1 Item 0 If Not feed Temperature IsKnown Then ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slMissingOptionalInformation 12 Feed Temperature Unknown GotOne True End If If Not feed Pressure IsKnown Then ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slMissingOptionalInformation 13 Feed Pressure Unknown If GotOne True Then GotTwo True End If 38 GotOne True End If If Not feed VapourFraction IsKnown Then ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slMissingOptionallInformation 10 Feed Vapour Fraction Unknown If GotOne True Then GotTwo True End If GotOne True End If If GotTwo True Then GoTo ThatsAll GotOne False If Not feed MolarFlow IsKnown Then ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slMissingOptionallInformation 14 Feed Molar Flow Unknown GotOne True End If CMFsKnown feed ComponentMolarFraction IsKnown If Not CMFsKnown Then ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slMissingOptionallInformation 15 Feed Composition Unknown GotOne True End If If GotOne True Then GoTo ThatsAll IF this matFeed2 active Dim feed2 As Object Set feed2 ActiveObject Feeds2 Item 0 If Not feed2 Temperature IsKnown Then ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slMissingOptionalInformation 16 Second Feed Temperature Unk
5. 10 KB 11 Eclipse will open and ask where its workplace should be Use browse red to select a folder for example a folder called Eclipse in your Documents folder Also check the box highlighted in orange Click OK Select a workspace Eclipse stores your projects in a folder called a workspace Choose a workspace folder to use for this session Workspace use this as the default and do not ask again 12 Eclipse is now setup and working Now another modelling component has to be installed From the Help menu select Install Modeling Components Eclipse will now connect to the internet to discover modelling components a firewall might ask for permission A window 48 will open Check the box in front of Xpand red and click Finish orange i 3 di A ina Ci Jelli Eclipse Modeling Components Discovery Pick a modeling component to install it M Incubation Model To Text Model to Text also known as code generation tools and languages a Acceleo by Eclipse org EPL Acceleo is a standard based template language focused on usability and pragmatism Y Jet by Eclipse org EPL D JET is an Eclipse based code generator framework based on JSP v 2X Xpand Xpand is an efficient code generation framework with a statically typed template language and support for arbitrary input model types Model To Model Model to Model tools and transformation languages by Eclipse org EPL mo WM Anaeatinnal MIT tur Ecli
6. 7 2 Transformation The complete result of the transformation is given in Appendix D Below an example to show how the properties that are defined in the model of Fig 14 are transformed into executable Visual Basic code by using our template The code in this example is for Initialize procedure Template Result ActiveObject Productsi Name ActiveObject ProductsiName Dry Product this matProd1 name ActiveObject Products2Name ActiveObject Products2 Name Wet Product this matProd2 name ActiveObject Products2Active ActiveObject Products2Active true this matProd2 active ActiveObject EnergyProductsName ActiveObject EnergyProductsName Inactive this enerProd name Energy Product ActiveObject EnergyProductsActive ActiveObject EnergyProductsActive false this enerProd active 26 Tab 2 The initProd template and the result this template gives after the transformation 7 3 Result The generated dehumidifier is imported into UniSim and tested A feed comprising of several components is attached to the dehumidifier The composition of this feed is shown in Tab 3 Component Mole Fractions Methane 0 40 Ethane 0 20 Propane 0 15 i Butane 0 10 n Butane 0 05 i Pentane 0 05 H20 0 05 Total 1 00 Tab 3 The composition of the feed in mole fractions When fed into the dehumidifier the stream should be split into two product stre
7. BA JRE System Library jdk1 6 0_27 8 sh Plug in Dependencies E Console 52 gt NERT terminated generator mwe Java Application C Program Files Java jdk1 6 0_27 bin javaw exe 6 mrt 2013 13 12 i build properties e INFO WorkflowEngine 0 INFO WorkflowEngine EMF Modeling Workflow Engine 1 2 1 Build v201206110 0 INFO WorkflowEngine c 2005 2009 openarchitectureware org and contribut e INFO WorkflowEngine A SS 0 INFO WorkflowEngine running workflow C Program Files Eclipse ba emf po e INFO WorkflowEngine 422 INFO StandaloneSetup Registering platform uri C Program Files Eclipse 25492 INFO CompositeComponent Reader Loading model from platform resource ba em 25665 INFO CompositeComponent CheckComponent slot model check file s metamodel 26133 INFO CompositeComponent Generator generating template Template main FOR 26179 INFO Generator Written 1 files to outlet default src gen 26179 INFO WorkflowEngine E workflow completed in 687ms Open the file in this case Dehumidifier vb and copy the complete content Open UniSim Design and open or create a case To add a new User Unit Operation open the Object Pallet press F4 Click the User Ops icon red box from the Object Palette A small window with the same icon will appear Wem 7 Double click on the icon in the new window A new window will appear looking like the figure below Click
8. Lastly close Task List and Outline on the right side of the screen red boxes since they only take up space lt lt j 0 amp Task List P amp F3 elxal gt Find a gt All gt Activate Connect Mylyn i Connect to your task and ALM tools or create a local task g Outline rg An outline is not available 5 Now we have all the windows we need and we can start to use the tool 54 E4 Using the tool There are two files that are important These are i src model UnitOperation xmi defines the model ii src workflow generator mwe generates the code I Define the model 1 Double click UnitOperation xmi in the Package Explorer Eclipse will now look like the first picture below Click the little white triangles until it looks like the second picture below AABT Ar sl El si UnitOperation xmi 23 e platform resource ba emf poging1 xpand src model UnitOperation xmi E platform resource ba emf poging1 xpand src metamodel uuo1 ecore Qvid CG e 6 sv e QY sl ei UnitOperation xmi 23 8 platform resource ba emf poging1 xpand src model UnitOperation xmi 4 4 Unit Operation Dehumidifier 4 4 Feed Stream Energy Feed Inactive Energy Feed Material Feedi Feed Material Feed2 Inactive Feed 4 Product Stream Energy Product Inactive Energy Product Material Producti Dry Product d mwe Material Product2 Wet Product myve Code
9. namely to define aUser Unit Operation an Extension Unit Operation Both possibilities are discussed below Advantages and disadvantages are given and a choice between them is made and substantiated 4 4 1 User Unit Operation A user unit operation UUO makes use of automation which means that programmers expose objects in the program giving other applications or the operating system the opportunity to interact with these objects Because only a number of objects of the program are exposed the user does not need to understand the complete program to be able to interact with it To make use of this in UniSim Design during development code was added to expose certain objects of the program The end user can write Visual Basic code to access these objects and interact with them and no understanding of the UniSim source code is required A UUO is not very different from the Unit Operations already defined in UniSim except that its complete behaviour can be defined by the user as the name implies To define this behaviour Visual Basic compatible code must be written There are three procedures that must be defined in order to define a UUO Initialize Execute and StatusQuery In Initialize the names of the feed s and product s are defined and if necessary the second feed and or product are activated It is also possible to name and activate the energy feed and product if the component requires or generates energy duri
10. orange box 5 Atthe bottom of the window you will now see an explanation for the class FluidPackage Click on EE red box a GLYCOLPKGPropPkg Y GSPropPkg S HATAlignment enum eP HAxisType enum TE Property FluidPackage As E Member of UniSimDesign Fluid package used for this foci 6 Now you are in the class FluidPackage and you can see its members The next class of the example is Components so click on Components in the Members section Repeat step 5 but for the class Components see below 62 ep HATAlignment enum eP HAxisType enum Property Components As Components read only Member of UniSimDesign FluidPackage Components collection 7 Now you can see that Components has 10 members One of those members is index In the code there is a line compPosn theComps index H20 When index in the Members section is clicked we get the information that index returns a Long a number Another line of code is For i20 To theComps Count 1 Here the method Count is used When Count is clicked in the Members section red box we get the information that Count returns the number of Elements orange as a Long purple unisimDesign y gt Bal e Akl Cla Members of Components a j 9 Add MM COMPPkgEditor e Application W I CompressOp ES amp COMPropPkg ES index amp Condenser eS IsValid amp P CondenserTypeEnum enum S Item W I Controller JE Names amp amp Controller M
11. DIM theComps As Object Set theComps ActiveObject Flowsheet FluidPackage Components compPosn platform resource ba emf poging1 xpand src metamodel uuo1 ecore 2 The unit operation that is modelled here is a dehumidifier All its characteristics can be changed in the Properties view at the bottom For example when you click Unit Operation Dehumidifier red box you will see that it has one property called Name The value of this property is Dehumidifier The values of all properties can be changed after they are clicked once vi UnitOperation xmi 25 4 platform resource ba emf poging1 xpand src model UnitOperation xmi Unit Operation Dehumidifier 4 4 Feed Stream Energy Feed Inactive Energy Feed Material Feed1 Feed Material Feed2 Inactive Feed 4 4 Product Stream Energy Product Inactive Energy Product Material Product Dry Product Material Product2 Wet Product Code DIM theComps As Object Set theComps ActiveObject Flowsheet FluidPackage Componen platform resource ba emf poging1 xpand src metamodel uuol ecore m E Properties 3 Property Value Name Dehumidifier 3 Some characteristics like Feed Stream and Product Stream do not have any properties Therefore when they are clicked the Properties view will be empty 4 Other characteristics have two properties For example one called Name and one called Active The Active property can only have two values namely true or false If the
12. Window Help s welcome za a Welcome to the Eclipse Modeling Tools 3 Inthe File menu select Import 4 In the new window select General gt Existing Projects into Workspace Click Next Create new projects from an archive file or directory Select an import source type filter text 4 gt General G Archive File 3 Existing Projects into Workspace C3 File System E Preferences P E CVS gt E Git gt amp Install gt amp Plug in Development NT el zo 5 Usethe Browse red behind Select root directory to select the folder in which you extracted UniSim User Unit Operation rar step 1 In that folder is a folder called ba emf poging1 xpand Select it If you want to copy the folder ba emf poging1 xpand into 52 Import Projects Select a directory to search for existing Eclipse projects 9 Select root directory C Users ba emf poging1 xpand Select archive file Projects ba emf poging1 xpand C Users ba emf poging1 xpand Ilcopy projects into workspace Working sets 7 Add project to working sets Working sets 6 Click Finish The tool is now imported in Eclipse and ready to use E3 Configuring view in Eclipse 1 The Package Explorer left side of the screen will now look like the figure on the left Click the little white triangles to make it look like the right picture I Package Explorer E B t Pac
13. as follows Chapter 2 presents the information about MDE necessary to understand this work Chapter 3 gives the necessary information on chemical process engineering and process simulators Chapter 4 presents the solution design The problem could be solved in a number of different manners All these different manners are discussed and our choice is justified Chapter 5 discusses the defined metamodel Chapter 6 describes the transformation that is used to generate executable code Chapter 7 reports on the case study that has been performed to illustrate how a unit operation can be generated from a model Chapter 8 concludes this report and gives recommendations for further research 2 Model Driven Engineering This chapter reports on the conducted literature study presenting the basic concepts on which MDE is based Section 2 1 gives some historical perspective on MDE Section 2 2 discusses the advantages of modelling Section 2 3 addresses some MDE technologies that are relevant for this work 2 1 Historical perspective Every organisation consisting of more than one person has at some point realised that their information technology infrastructure is basically a distributed computing system since it consists of multiple computers that communicate and interact with each other to achieve a common goal To achieve this goal it is important that information stored in the system can be used anyplace anytime Practically this means that th
14. be altered and redecorated and it would still be standing at the end Therefore it seems only logical to use modelling to develop applications and data structures 5 2 2 Modelling The observations above led to the Model Driven Architecture MDA initiative MDA promises to allow the definition of machine readable application and data models which allow long term flexibility of implementation new technologies can be integrated or addressed by existing designs integration since implementation and design both exist at the time of integration the production of data bridges and the connection of infrastructures can be automated maintenance the design that is available is in a machine readable form which allows direct access to the specification of the system simplifying maintenance testing and simulation since the models can be used to generate code they can also be used to confirm requirements test infrastructures and simulate the behaviour of the system being designed As we mentioned before models are used to reach these goals 5 A model can be described as a purposely abstracted clear precise and unambiguous conception The model denotation is a precise and unambiguous representation in some appropriate formal or semi formal language 8 With this definition in mind a model can be characterised as follows a concrete representation of something in the real world some system a simplification containing
15. choice was made between two ways for importing a user unit operation in UniSim Design In this work the User Unit Operation was chosen which is the easiest option to use but not the most extensive The Extension User Operation is more advanced but also harder to implement If time and knowledge of an OLE controller language are not a limiting factor than the EUO is most likely the better choice It can be defined completely to the users wishes and the importing of the unit operations into UniSim can be fully automated However since the code required for the EUO has a completely different pattern in comparison with the code for the UUO the transformation template has to be rewritten almost completely 30 References 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 G Towler R Sinnott Chemical Engineering Design Principles Practice and Economics of Plant and Process Design Elsevier 2007 Oxford Wikipedia List of chemical process simulators http en wikipedia org wiki List of chemical process simulators last modified 2 March 2013 retrieved 12 March 2013 Honeywell UniSim Design Customization Guide R390 Release 2009 Canada I Kurtev L Ferreira Pires ADSA Model Driven Engineering Presentation 1 4 September 2012 J Miller J Mukerji MDA guide Version 1 0 1 Object Management Group 2003 Wikipedia Year 2000 problem http en wikipedia org wiki Year 2000 problemttPr
16. eiei ent raii eai tias asses sns ak 21 Transformation cnet etre ete te e en as OY EE EE ere e e e oa epe Ie ree te 22 NEG c M a 22 62 Closer OOK ar Em 22 6 3 e let EE gelen EE 25 SS a e a a a a e aa a a a a a aa aaa aaa as e 26 PAS Vie EE 26 17 2 A eo etes eter A LM I EE OM ILLA 26 CE CC d 27 8 Final remarks etr ote ti 30 SL General conclusions teet me tuse bud re Gate dub EUR Cor aedes e t e Ree e 30 Bo E Ten 30 References tct et We e a eee Ate eee dem 31 Appendix A Glossaty iret iere teet iki e teste deba vd Cou Ev bn ERE 32 Appendix B Code from model 33 Appendix C Transformation template 35 Appendix D Generated dehumidifier eese eene nene er eee ten ren er ra rete ener eee 35 App ndbeE User Manualit i ori oH dei ni 45 E1 Inistalling EMT and XParid ne eet ee tet te etie tin aa o eaten n 45 E2 Iniport tooldnm Eclipse nn ener et ER dh E AR s 51 E3 Configuring view in Eclipse ccoconococconnnncnononononnnnnnnnnonanononnnnnnnnnnnnnononnnnnnnnnnnnno near eee eee entet 53 EA Using tlie LOO o err rtt tsm ven i EN Ds 55 E5 A reete 60 1 Introduction In this chapter the motivation objectives approach and structure of the rest of the report are described 1 1 Motivation Chemical process engineering focuses on the design operation control and optimisation of chemical processes The design process of a chemical plant starts with an open ended problem suc
17. flow calculated by UniSim are equal to the expected figures we conclude that the calculations made in the user unit operation are correct Some of the status messages are also tested The tests and their outcome are given in the Tab 6 Test Outcome Message in status bar Verdict Component to be split in this case H20 is Error No water in Current Fluid Package OK not present in Fluid Package Unknown feed stream temperature Warning Feed Temperature Unknown OK No connection to feed stream nozzle Error Feed Stream Required OK Connection to unused second feed stream Warning Connection s to Inactive Nozzles OK nozzle Two connections at dry stream nozzles Warning Additional First Product OK Stream s Ignored Tab 6 Tests and their outcomes Since all tests have the expected outcome we assume that the status messages work as expected 8 Final remarks Section 8 1 presents our general conclusions Section 8 2 identifies some opportunities for future work 8 1 General conclusions In this study a method and tool have been developed to simplify the use of self defined unit operation in process simulators This has been done by using MDE technologies The road to a solution consisted of several steps First a metamodel had to be defined This metamodel looks quite like a model of a unit operation thus making it easier to understand for the process engineer The final version of the metamodel is no
18. mentioned that the dynamics of the unit operation should be captured in a model Due to time limitations this has not been done The next part models the feed streams of the unit operation All the different feed streams are represented by a class called FeedStream This class does not have any attributes itself FeedStream always has exactly three children namely MaterialFeed1 MaterialFeed2 and EnergyFeed B FeedStream m feed f Vo FA X enerFeed mre matFeed2 1 B MaterialFeed1 E Materialreed2 8 EnergyFeed name EStrin i SS T name EString name EString 7 active EBoolean active EBoolean Fig 12 Detail of the feed stream part of the metamodel The class MaterialFeed1 has one attribute called name The class MaterialFeed2 has two attributes namely name and active The two material feeds differ from each other because the first material feed is always active therefore the class MaterialFeed1 does not have an attribute called active The second material feed can be activated but it can also be deactivated and consequently the class MaterialFeed2 has an attribute that enables the engineer to activate or deactivate the feed 20 The third class is called EnergyFeed This feed like the second material feed is not always necessary Therefore is has an attributed called active The last part of the metamodel defines the product streams
19. on Create Type red box Available User Unit Operation Types Cancel Create Type Delete Type Import Type Export Type 8 Enter the name of the user operation in the window and click on OK 9 The property view of the new user operation will appear 10 Open the page Code on the tab Design and click Edit red box Gem GE en Xl User Unit Op Dehumidifier G mi Design Connections Sub Initialize F3 Code End Sub E Variables Mt Sub Execute Export T ManualInvoke With Debug l Initialize Execute StatusQuery Design Po NuSWed CET ghar 11 Select and delete the existing code Paste the code from the generated vb file 58 BM IS naar sr ae Proc declarations Sub Initialize End Sub Sub Execute End Sub 12 Click OK The unit operation can now be used like any other UniSim unit operation E5 Coding Tips This paragraph gives several tips to make coding as easy as possible Names The names of the feed and product streams are established in the transformation template Therefore when feed or product streams are mentioned in the modelCode or errorCode their names are as follows Stream name Mandatory Feed Stream feed Second Feed Stream feed2 Energy Feed Stream enFeed Mandatory Product Stream prod Second Product Stream prod2 Energy Prod
20. only the relevant details has a specific purpose defined in an appropriate textual or graphical language 9 Concluding MDA aims to improve some qualities in software systems namely adaptability portability and reusability by using models 5 However MDA is not a methodology it prescribes no specific methods or principles Therefore any practical use of MDA requires the selection of a development process 4 2 3 Software Engineering MDE is the combination of MDA technologies such as metamodelling and transformations with software engineering processes 4 MDE can be used to develop software and focuses on creating domain models These domain models should make sense from the point of view of a user familiar with the domain These models then serve as a basis for the new system Some MDE technologies relevant for this study are described below 2 3 1 Metamodelling A metamodel is a model as the name suggests A metamodel is often called a model of a model In MDE a metamodel is seen as a model of a modelling language 9 More detailed a metamodel is a model of the conceptual foundation of a language consisting of a set of basic concepts and a set of rules determining the set of possible models denotable in that language 8 A metamodel models all possible members of a set of models The constraints that restrict the possible models expressible are determined by the metamodel of the modelling language Fig 1 show
21. transforms it into a sentence in natural language A model transformation can defined at model or at metamodel level When the transformation is defined at metamodel level it becomes reusable 12 This is one of the major advantages of using models in software engineering In our case it means that one metamodel can be transformed into a large number of different unit operations different models combined with the same metamodel result in different unit operations 11 3 Process Engineering This chapter contains more specific information on process engineering Section 3 1 discusses details about process simulation in general Section 3 2 reports on how the process simulator used in this study models a chemical process Section 3 3 analyses how a unit operation can be modelled 3 1 Process Simulation As mentioned in the introduction there are several commercial process simulators available nowadays They all have their own advantages and disadvantages but they do share common features A number of features all these programs have are Amain executive program that controls and tracks the calculations Alibrary of modules unit operations that can simulate the equipment used in practice Adata bank of the physical and thermodynamic properties of pure components and mixtures thereof The structure of a typical simulation program is shown in Fig 5 Data input gt Equipment sub routines Library and spe
22. value is true the feed or product stream in question is active if the value is false the feed or product is inactive 5 There is also a characteristic called Code Code has two properties Error Code and Model Code The values of these properties must be in Visual Basic code The different lines of code must be parted by a semicolon For example the code Dim CMFs As Variant CMFs feed ComponentMolarFlowValue CompFlow CMFs compPosn becomes Dim CMFs As Variant CMFs feed ComponentMolarFlowValue CompFlow CMFs compPosn The easiest way to do this is by programming in Notepad or Notepad and exchanging the Enters for semicolons after you finished coding The single line of code can then be pasted into the value of the property The last paragraph of this appendix E5 Coding Tips gives some information and tips about the coding 6 If all the property values are defined the model is ready Now the code can be generated 56 Generate the code The code is generated by the file generator mwe in src workflow Click the file generator mwe with your right mouse button Go to Run As and pick MWE Workflow red box I Package Explorer E l UnitOperation xmi 23 Bele 4 I platform resource ba emf poging1 xpand src model UnitOperation xmi 4 15 ba emf pogingl xpand 4 4 Unit Operation Dehumidifier 4 9 src 4 Feed Stream t metamodel Energy Feed Inactive Energy Feed 4 t amp model Material Fee
23. 2 7 matFeed2 4 1 L V 1 B MaterialFeed1 reesen N MT BE Product i ee m ENE E MaterialProduct nergy roduc name EString name EString sl s da T active EBoolean name EString T active EBoolean i B MaterialProducti name EString F name EString 7 active EBoolean 7 active EBoolean name EString Fig 10 The complete metamodel To explain certain design choices the different parts of the metamodel are discussed below First we discuss the uppermost class of the metamodel This is the class UnitOperation and it has one attribute which is called name and defines the name of the unit operation Each UnitOperation class has one Code child It has also one FeedStream child and one ProductStream child This part of the metamodel is in accordance the unit operation model defined in Fig 8 19 B UnitOperation 2 name EString product ee I 1 1 code l H Code modelCode EString errorCode EString Fig 11 The classes UnitOperation and Code This class Code has two attributes namely modelCode and errorCode As the name of the attributes indicates these attributes hold code The attribute modelCode contains the code that defines the behaviour of the unit operation The attribute errorCode holds the code associated with the procedure StatusQuery see Section 4 4 1 However in Chapter 4 it was
24. 75 00 Properties Pressure psia 16 17 16 17 16 17 Composition Molar Flow Ibmale hr 150 0 610 6 760 6 PF Specs Mass Flow lb hr 8712 1 100e 004 1 971e 004 Std Ideal Liq vol Flow USGPM 20 83 22 01 42 84 Molar Enthalpy Btu lbmole 203e 004 1 225e 005 1 086e 005 Molar Entropy Btu lbmole F 5 768 1 499 0 8824 Heat Flow Btu hr 7 804e 006 7 481e 007 8 262e 007 SH Design Rating Worksheet Dynamics Delete rre Fig 6 The property view of a unit operation that mixes propylene oxide stream with a water stream 13 Some properties of the feed stream must always be known These properties are the components molar flow or total flow and two of the following three properties temperature pressure and vapour fraction 1 3 3 Unitoperation Unit operations are the parts of a chemical process in which physical and chemical operations take place Fig 7 shows some very simple models of unit operations SS e Lee E ue s Fig 7 Some models of unit operations When these models are analysed it becomes clear that a unit operation in general has a maximum of two material feeds or products and one energy feed or product Hence a unit operation can be generally modelled by the model in Fig 8 Fig 8 A generalisation of a model of a unit operation Some are unit operations have more than two feed or product streams Examples are Distillation which may have three feed streams
25. BACHELOR REPORT METHODS FOR MODELLING UNIT OPERATIONS IN CHEMICAL PROCESS SIMULATORS Kyra Tijhuis EWI SOFTWARE ENGINEERING EXAMINATION COMMITTEE Lu s Ferreira Pires Louis van der Ham Gertjan Koster UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE MARCH 2013 Abstract In chemical process engineering an engineer cannot evaluate chemical process designs with physical models Instead the designs are evaluated with the help of computer tools These tools are called process simulators In these process simulators the process is modelled by using predefined unit operations e g mixing distillation heating from the library of the process simulator However not all possible unit operations are in this library Therefore there is an option for the engineer to define their own unit operations Despite this option most engineers find it difficult to use a self defined unit since they need programming knowledge to define their own unit operations A solution to this is to develop a method and an accompanying tool that makes it easier for process engineers to define their own unit operations The purpose of this thesis is to develop the aforementioned method and tool This is done by following a software development methodology called model driven engineering This approach aims to define models that make sense from the point of view of a user familiar with the domain These models are then used to develop the software In this case this means the proce
26. CapacityValue 9 PropertyTable E MassHeatCapacityValue P PropertyType enum ES MassHeatOfVap eP PropertyType enum S MassHeatOfVap SI PropertyVector E eS MassHeatOfVapValue E PropertyVector eS MassHeatOfVapValue amp P PropertyVectorGroup enum MassHigherHeatValue eP PropertyVectorGroup enum ke MassHigherHeatValue MI PropertyVectors S MassHigherHeatValueValue E PropertyVectors eS MassHigherHeatValueValue El PropPackage eS MassLowerHeatValue 2 PropPackage ES MassLowerHeatValue amp P PropPackageFamily enum EI MassLowerHeatValueValue i PropPackageFamily enum ES MassLowerHeatValueValue Protection E MolarDensity 6 Protection SS MolarDensity Si PRSVPropPkg ES MolarDensityValue EU PRSVPropPkg S MolarDensityValue PRTwuPropPkg ES MolarEnthalpy EY PRTwuPropPkg amp MolarEnthalpy amp P psAmbientTempEnum enum S PGD FitType enum PSDProperty amp P psFrequencyEnum enum amp P psFrictionFactorEnum enum amp P psGroundTypeEnum enum 2 SC TR E EL T Property MassFlow As RealVariable E MolarEnthalpyValue amp amp MolarEntropy ES MolarEntropyValue ES MolarFlow ES MolarFlowValue E MolarHeatCapacity A AA i psAmbientTempEnum_enum amp P PSD FitType enum Mi PSDProperty i psFrequencyEnum enum amp psFrictionFactorEnum enum i psGroundTypeEnum enum ur EK RUM LIPSII I E T ES MolarEnthalpyValue E MolarEntropy ES MolarEntropyValue E MolarFlow SS MolarFlowValue ES
27. Flow IsKnown Then ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slMissingOptionalInformation 14 Feed Molar Flow Unknown GotOne True End If CMFsKnown feed ComponentMolarFraction IsKnown If Not CMFsKnown Then ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slMissingOptionalInformation 15 Feed Composition Unknown GotOne True End If If GotOne True Then GoTo ThatsAll This template checks if there are nozzles with more than one stream connected to them The same is done for the product streams in sqNozzleP 24 DEFINE sqNozzleF FOR uuo1 FeedStream If ActiveObject Feeds1 Count gt 1 Then ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slWarning 20 Additional Stream s of First Feed Ignored End If IF this matFeed2 active almost the same code for the energy feed If ActiveObject Feeds2 Count 1 Then ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slWarning 21 Additional Stream s of Second Feed Ignored End If ENDIF ENDDEFINE The sqBogusF template checks if there are streams connected to inactive nozzles Its counterpart for product streams is called sqBogusP DEFINE sqBogusF FOR uuo1 FeedStream Dim BogusCnxn As Boolean BogusCnxn False IF this matFeed2 active almost the same code for the energy feed If BogusCnxn And ActiveObject Feeds2 Count gt Then BogusCnxn True End If ENDIF ENDDEF INE 6 3 Possible improvements The unit operation that is generated with the transformation only regards the first str
28. If BogusCnxn And ActiveObject Feeds2 Count gt 0 Then BogusCnxn True End If If BogusCnxn And ActiveObject EnergyFeeds Count gt 0 Then BogusCnxn True End If If BogusCnxn And ActiveObject EnergyProducts Count gt 0 Then BogusCnxn True End If If BogusCnxn True Then GotOne True ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slWarning 7 Connection s to Inactive nozzles End If ThatsAll End Sub 44 Appendix E User Manual This user manual is aimed at users with UniSim experience and no knowledge of the Eclipse Modelling Framework It is split into five parts The first three parts deal with the first time operation of the tool The fourth part describes how the tool can be used The fifth part gives information and tips that help with the coding in Visual Basic E1 Installing EMT and XPand Eclipse needs Java to function To check whether you have Java go to java com download To check which version of Java is installed on your computer click Do have Java green box If you do not have Java installed or if you have version 5 or lower download the latest update Downloads Help Center i O Free Java Download Java 6 FAQ Download Java for your desktop computer now All Java Downloads Version 7 Update 17 If you want to download Java for another computer Free Java Download or Operating System click the link below All Java Downloads Whatis Java Do have Java f Need Help 2 To do
29. MolarHeatCapacity A ae NIS read only Property MassFlowValue As Double SCH A Member of Uni SimDesign ProcessStream1 Member of UniSimDesign ProcessStream1 Mass flow Mass flow You can see here that the MassFlow is a RealVariable and the MassFlowValue is a Double a number An example where this is used is the line prod Pressure Calculate feed PressureValue The Pressure real variable of the product stream is calculated with the value of the feed stream pressure Arrays Lists In computer science the first index number of an array or list is O This makes the last index of an array or list the length of the array list 1 You can see an example in the following lines of code For i 0 To theComps Count 1 do something Next i If the array theComps has 7 indices theComps Count equals 7 The first index of theComps is O and the last is 6 64
30. PC e amp t Parent MI Controller RATO Remove amp Controller SPLT gt RemoveAll amp P ControllerAction enum S ControllerAlarmResults enum S ControllerAutotunerDesignType enum S ControllerBiaslsPercentOfPVMode enum amp P ControllerLocalSpTrack enum S ControllerManualSpTrack enum S ControllerMode enum S ControllerMPCAlarmResults enum amp ControllerMPCAlarmSignals enum SEI ControllerMPCAlgorithm enum S ControllerMPCCurrentAlarmSignal enum S ControllerMPCExecutionMode enum amp P ControllerMPCLocalSpTrack enum SP ControllerMPCManualSpTrack enum S ControllerMPCMode_enum S ControlleMPCRemoteSpUnits enum eP ControllerMPCSetpointMode enum S ControllerPVSamplingFailureMode enum S ControllerRemoteSpUnits enum S ControllerScheduling enum S ControllerSignals enum ControlValve Property Count As Long read only Member of UniSimDesign ICollection Number of Elements Properties in the library The properties of the streams can be accessed through the class ProcessStream Most properties in ProcessStream have two members For example MassFlow There is a member called MassFlow and one called MassFlowValue MassFlow gives the actual mass flow the property itself MassFlowValue gives the value of the property thus the value of MassFlow lt All Libraries sl al sl el lt All Libraries sl Ll sa el d M Classes amp P PressureOptionsEnum_enum SP PressureSourceType
31. Property Correlation 1 0 Type Library C AcroBrokerLib C UnisimNeotecBlackOilPkg 1 0 Type Library Microsoft Office 12 0 Object Library UniSim Design Type Library Location C Program Files Common Files Microsoft Shared OFFICE12 Location C Program Files Honeywell UniSim Design R390 unisimdesir Language Standard Language Standard AG at ic Members of lt globals gt amp ab LiquidVolumeFraction b verage E ab MassFraction i AccelType enun amp ab MoleFraction s AcentricFactorC Abs Bi ACMOp ac Dependent a Action G ac Independent m Actions ac NotUsed SEN lt All Libraries 6 In the red box a UniSimDesign CT EST zi AL x Members of sglobalsz amp ab LiquidVolumeFraction ab MassFraction amp ab MoleFraction Abs E ac Dependent ac Independent E ac NotUsed acFourTubeFourPass acFourTubeOnePass a a a a acFourTubeTwoPass acOneTubeOnePass i AirCoolerConfigt acThreeTubeOnePass EY AirCoolerOp acThreeTubeThreePass W AlarmManager ER ActiveCell Y AllowEditRange EI ActiveChart W AllowEditRanges eS ActivePrinter E AminePropPkg ES ActiveSheet AntoinePropPkg fe ActiveWindow Application E ActiveWorkbook Application amp ActivityModel General Y Adjustments AdjustOp 7 You can now browse the type Library Navigating through type Library 1 Complete the steps shown above 2 This example uses a line of
32. Required End If ENDIF ENDDEFINE The template sqinfoF is the only template beside the Code templates that does not have a product stream counterpart In Section 3 2 we mentioned that there are two properties of a stream that must always be known i e the components and the molar flow In addition two of the following three properties must be known as well temperature pressure and vapour fraction This template checks to see if there is enough information known about the feed streams to calculate the unit operations Since the checks for the second feed stream are exactly the same they are not shown here DEFINE sqInfoF FOR uuo1 FeedStream AfterCompCheck ENDDEFINE On Error GoTo ThatsAll Dim GotTwo As Boolean GotTwo False Dim feed As Object Set feed ActiveObject Feedsi Item If Not feed Temperature IsKnown Then ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slMissingOptionallInformation 12 Feed Temperature Unknown GotOne True End If If Not feed Pressure IsKnown Then ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slMissingOptionallInformation 13 Feed Pressure Unknown If GotOne True Then GotTwo True End If GotOne True End If If Not feed VapourFraction IsKnown Then ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slMissingOptionallInformation 10 Feed Vapour Fraction Unknown If GotOne True Then GotTwo True End If GotOne True End If If GotTwo True Then GoTo ThatsAll GotOne False If Not feed Molar
33. The second possibility exploits the extensibility of UniSim Design Extensibility allows one to enhance the existing functionality of a program with something that works well and efficiently In case of a unit operation this would mean that the unit operation extension looks and feels the same as the unit operations given by the simulator itself Once the extension is registered it can be used as if it were a part of the program The ideal way of registering the extension would be by using a script that would automatically import the extension after generation and all the user would have to do is to start UniSim and use the new unit operation When an Extension Unit Operation EUO is used to define a model nothing predefined is given i e the user must build the Unit Operation from scratch This means that there is no framework to be reused which is a problem if the user is inexperienced either with UniSim or the used coding language The code should include explicit declaration of all the variables used as well as the three procedures used in the User Unit Operation The extension can be defined in any OLE controller language Examples of these languages are Visual Basic C and Delphi The EUO differs from the UUO in the Property View because with an EUO this view must be constructed from scratch This means that after implementing the code the user also has to design the Property view before the extension can be used 3 Pros Eve
34. alculate ENDDEFINE DEFINE sqMissingF FOR uuo1 FeedStream 36 On Error GoTo ThatsAll Dim GotOne As Boolean GotOne False If ActiveObject Feeds1 Count 0 Then GotOne True ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slMissingRequiredInformation 1 Feed Stream Required End If IF this matFeed2 active If ActiveObject Feeds2 Count 0 Then GotOne True ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slMissingRequiredInformation 2 Second Feed Stream Required End If ENDIF IF this enerFeed active If ActiveObject EnergyFeeds Count 0 Then GotOne True ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slMissingRequiredInformation 5 Energy Feed Stream Required End If ENDIF ENDDEFINE DEFINE sqMissingP FOR uuo1 ProductStream If ActiveObject Productsi Count 0 Then GotOne True ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slMissingRequiredInformation 3 Product Stream Required End If IF this matProd2 active If ActiveObject Products2 Count 0 Then GotOne True ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slMissingRequiredInformation 4 Second Product Stream Required End If ENDIF IF this enerProd active If ActiveObject EnergyProducts Count 0 Then GotOne True ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slMissingRequiredInformation 6 Energy Product Stream Required End If ENDIF If GotOne True Then GoTo ThatsAll ENDDEFINE DEFINE sqMissingC FOR uuo1 Code FOREACH this errorCode split AS a
35. am now has the composition of the dry stream prod Pressure Calculate feed PressureValue prod Temperature Calculate feed TemperatureValue prod MolarFlow Calculate OtherFlow the pressure and temperature of the dry stream are calculated from the feed stream the molar flow is calculated from the OtherFlow For i 0 To theComps Count 1 CMFs i CMFs i OtherFlow Next i for all components the new component molar flows in the dry stream are calculated the new molar flow equals the old molar flow divided by in this case 0 95 prod ComponentMolarFraction Calculate CMFs the component molar fractions of the dry stream are calculated from the component molar flows of the dry stream For i 0 To theComps Count 1 CMFs i 0 0 Next i for all components the component molar flows in the water stream are set to zero CMFs compPosn 1 0 the molar flow of water in the water stream is set to 1 prod2 ComponentMolarFraction Calculate CMFs the component molar fractions of the water stream are calculated from the molar flows of the water stream errorCode On Error GoTo NoComponent if the next line gives an error the program will continue at the line NoComponent compPosn if H20 is not in the current fluid ActiveObject Flowsheet FluidPackage Components index H2O package this will give an error GoTo AfterCompCheck if there is no error the program will
36. ams one with only water and one with the rest of the components The composition of those product streams should be as in Tab 4 Component Mole Fraction Water stream Mole Fraction Rest stream rounded off Methane 0 00 0 4211 Ethane 0 00 0 2105 Propane 0 00 0 1579 i Butane 0 00 0 1053 n Butane 0 00 0 0526 i Pentane 0 00 0 0526 H20 1 00 0 0000 Total 1 00 1 0000 Tab 4 The mole fraction of the rest stream can be calculated by dividing the feed stream mole fraction by 0 95 1 00 water For methane the calculation is 0 4 0 95 0 42105 The composition UniSim gives can be seen in Fig 15 G Al User Unit Op Dehumidifier oja Worksheet Feed Dry Product Wet Product e Methane 0 4211 0 0000 Conditions Ethane om 0000 Properties Propane 0 0 1579 0 0000 mis FButane 01000 01053 00000 n Butane 0 0500 0 0526 0 0000 PF Specs FPentane 0 0500 00526 00000 H20 0 0500 0 0000 10000 Gai Design Worksheet TE Fig 15 The property view of a Dehumidifier user unit operation showing the composition of the connected feed and product streams The figures UniSim has calculated are exactly the same as in Tab 4 This means the composition of the product streams is equal to what was expected A final check to determine the correctness of the unit operation is to check the molar flow The molar flow of the feed stream is 220 5 Ibmole hr From the c
37. ata warehouses contained the same data in different formats If application and data integration was to be obtained something had to change As the writer John Donne wrote in 1624 No man is an island 7 Now something had to be done so one could also say no computing device or data warehouse is an island The change came when the interest in modelling data and applications picked up significantly The IT industry came to the conclusion that it was important to be able to integrate and update applications They realised that there was no excuse to build software without first making a well thought out design it would lead to easier system development integration and maintenance Another advantage was that some of the construction of the application could be automated based on its design The situation can be made clear by using the construction of a building as an example Before software was built similarly to a house standing on its own It would not be possible to connect it with others change or even redecorate it because it was built for one use only It would be falling down constantly generating work for construction workers but an unacceptable environment for those who lived and worked in the houses When modelling is used to develop an application the house has a well considered blueprint which even could be used to do some basics foundation of the construction The resulting house could be connected with other houses it could
38. c 9 Extract and replace files Extract and update files Fresh existing files only Overwrite mode 9 Ask before overwrite Overwrite without prompt Skip existing files C Rename automatically Miscellaneous Extract archives to subfolders Keep broken files Display files in Explorer E E E E E E E E E E E E E E m m fe ee PP E E Pe ee E E E E ee Save settings 8 Eclipse will be extracted into the chosen destination folder This will take a few minutes Close WINRAR after it has finished 9 Open the folder in which Eclipse is extracted In it is one folder named eclipse 10 Open this folder and double click on eclipse exe highlighted in red For easy future use make a shortcut to eclipse exe that you can put on your desktop z Name Date modified Type Size k configuration 4 3 2013 19 54 File folder J dropins 25 2 2013 0 19 File folder 1 features 4 3 2013 19 53 File folder k p2 4 3 2013 19 52 File folder L plugins 4 3 2013 19 53 File folder L readme 25 2 2013 0 19 File folder eclipseproduct 4 2 2013 12 25 ECLIPSEPRODUCT 1KB A artifacts xml 4 3 2013 19 54 XML Document 281 KB 4 2 2013 13 05 Application 312 KB eclipse ini 4 3 2013 19 54 Configuration setti 1KB BI eclipsec exe 4 2 2013 13 05 Application 24 KB epl v10 html 2 2 2012 8 31 Firefox HTML Doc 16 KB notice html 2 2 2012 8 31 Firefox HTML Doc
39. cials Thermodynamic sub routines w jqoud ayy jo uoneziueBJo WesBoid eAgnoax3 Convergence promotion sub routines Physical property data files Cost data files Fig 5 A diagram of the structure of a typical simulation program 1 However process simulators can be divided into two groups when it comes to how the simulation is solved Sequential modular programs the equations describing each unit operation module are solved in steps module by module Simultaneous or equation oriented programs the entire process is described by a set of equations which are simultaneously solved This means that simultaneous programs can also be used to simulate the unsteady state operation of processes and equipment 12 In the past most available process simulators were of the sequential modular type Their advantage was that they were easier to develop than the equation oriented programs They also require less computing power and memory On the other hand sequential modular simulators cannot be used to solve dynamic time dependent models Since dynamic models are described by thousands of differential equations simultaneous program solvers are needed They require more computing power and memory than the steady state simulators but with the development of fast powerful computers this is no longer a restriction This has led to the development of hybrid programs In these programs the sequential simulator and the si
40. code from the dehumidifier template as an example This line is Set theComps ActiveObject Flowsheet FluidPackage Components With the type library you can find out which methods you can use with a particular object The object in this case is theComps As the name suggests this object contains the components of the current fluid package You can navigate through the library to thi is function like this 3 Select Flowsheet in the classes section red box Make sure that you select Flowsheet and not Flowsheets UniSimDesign sl gt Bala Aly Classes Members of Flowsheet MI ExtnUnitOperation a e Application W I ExtnUnitOperationContainer CreateUserVariable W FiredHeater EI EnergyStreams MI FixedAttachments S Flowsheets MI FixedDataTables eS FluidPackage amp P FixedOrUpdatedUEnum enum GetUserVariable SP FlashStatus enum SI IsValid amp P FlashType enum SI MaterialStreams e eS Moniker E Flowsheets S name SP FlowSpecificationType enum OpenStorage amp P FlowType enum E Operations amp Fluid E Parent MI FluidPackage 8 PFDs MI FluidPackages eS Streams W FluidPhase SI TaggedName MI FluidPhases S TypeName W Fluids eS UniquelD amp P FractionBasis_enum E VisibleTypeName amp P FractionType enum amp FractOp W I GasCyclone 4 Flowsheet has a number of Members shown on the right In our example the next class is FluidPackage Therefore click on FluidPackage figure above
41. continue at the line AfterCompCheck where other checks will be performed NoComponent If the program comes at this line there is no H20 in the fluid package GotOne True gives the user the error message ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slError 11 No H20 that there is no H20 in the fluid in Current Fluid Package package 34 Appendix C Transformation template Below the complete transformation template is given IMPORT uuol DEFINE main FOR UnitOperation FILE this name toString vb Sub Initialize EXPAND initFeed FOR feed EXPAND initProd FOR product End Sub Sub Execute EXPAND exeFeed FOR feed EXPAND exeProd FOR product EXPAND exeCode FOR code End Sub Sub StatusQuery EXPAND sqMissingF FOR feed EXPAND sqMissingP FOR product EXPAND sqMissingC FOR code EXPAND sqInfoF FOR feed EXPAND sqNozzleF FOR feed EXPAND sqNozzleP FOR product EXPAND sqBogusF FOR feed EXPAND sqBogusP FOR product End Sub ENDFILE ENDDEFINE DEFINE initFeed FOR uuo1 FeedStream ActiveObject FeedsiName this matFeed1 name ActiveObject Feeds2Name this matFeed2 name ActiveObject Feeds2Active this matFeed2 active ActiveObject EnergyFeedsName this enerFeed name ActiveObject EnergyFeedsActive this enerFeed active ENDDEFINE DEFINE initProd FOR uuo1 ProductStream ActiveObject ProductsiName this matProd1 name
42. d1 Feed UnitOperation xmi Material Feed2 Inactive Feed t amp template 4 4 Product Stream a D workflow SE Energy Product Inactive Energy Product E generato NES y Product generato et Product B generato Open F3 amp src gen Open With b s Object Set theComps ActiveObject Flowsheet Dging1 xpand src metamodel uuol ecore BA JRE System Libi Show In Alt Shift W BA Plug in Depen Copy Ctrl C 42 META INF s Copy Qualified Name mi build propertie paste Ctrl V X Delete Delete Remove from Context Ctrl Alt Shift Down NI Mark as Landmark Ctrl Alt Shift Up Build Path Refactor Alt Shift T gt E Properties 2i Value ix Import Li Export 4 Refresh F5 Assign Working Sets Run As gt 2 1 MWE Workflow Debug As i External Tools Configurations Team ki Compare With Replace With Properties Alt Enter generator mwe ba emf pey a Your unit operation will now be generated Depending on your machine it could take a while When the last line of the console reads workflow completed red box you will see a file with the extension vb in the folder src gen orange arrow generatorWithBackend mwe Material Product2 Wet Product B generatorWithProfiler mwe Code DIM theComps As Object Set theComps ActiveObject Flowsheet FluidPackage Components com 4 src gen El platform resource ba emf poging1 xpand src metamodel uuol ecore B Dehumidifier vb fem Gi
43. e information has to be accessible from across departments across the company across the world but also more importantly it has to be possible to access information across service or supply chain from supplier to customer This implies that every computing device must be a global information device connecting to other information systems as easily as putting a plug into a power socket However this was not always the vision of the software developers For the larger part of the 20th century developers thought of devices as standalone appliances never needing repair or integration Applications were built only to fulfil their functional specification not taking into account any future integration or update Most programmers assumed that the application they built would only be used in the next few years 5 An example of this way of thinking is the Year 2000 problem or Millennium bug Before the turn of the century it was common in programming to represent the year using only the last two digits This meant that after the year 19 99 the year would be represented by 00 This problem was only widely recognized in the mid Nineties but even after its recognition it remained mostly unresolved until the last few years of the decade 6 Yet even after this problem most software still was written ignoring the constantly shifting infrastructure changing requirements and new technologies But not only software was affected by this problem Most d
44. eam connected to a nozzle This means that there is a maximum of two material feeds and two material product streams Most of the time a unit operation has two or less feed or product streams but if more streams need to be connected the template has to be changed 7 Case Study This chapter reports on the case study that has been done The example used in the case study is a dehumidifier A dehumidifier removes water from the feed stream Of the two resulting products streams one contains only water and the other contains the components of the feed stream minus the water Section 7 1 shows the model of the dehumidifier Section 7 2 discusses the resulting transformation and Section 7 3 shows the dehumidifier after it has been imported in UniSim Design 7 1 Model Fig 14 shows the model of a dehumidifier The values of the attributes are given Unit Operation name Dehumdifier modelCode DIM theComps As errorCode On Error GoTo NoC FeedStream ProductStream MaterialFeed1 EnergyFeed MaterialProduct1 EDS name Inactive Energy Product name Feed name Inactive Energy Feed ignis dmi active false uu Dae MaterialFeed2 MaterialProduct2 name Inactive Feed name Wet Product Fig 14 The model of a dehumidifier The complete values of the attributes modelCode and errorCode from the class Code are not shown in this model but can be found in Appendix B
45. ent parts that make up the transformation template Section 6 2 takes a closer look at some of those parts Section 6 3 gives some possible improvements for the template 6 1 Overview In Section 4 4 1 we mentioned that to specify a unit operation in UniSim Design three procedures have to be defined namely Initialize Execute and StatusQuery These procedures are also recognisable in the transformation template Tab 1 shows the beginning of the template Every time EXPAND FOR is used another template is called Some of these templates are discussed in the next paragraph Sub Initialize Begin of the procedure Initialize EXPAND initFeed FOR feed EXPAND initProd FOR product Initializes the feed and product streams End Sub End of procedure Sub Execute Begin of the procedure Execute EXPAND exeFeed FOR feed EXPAND exeProd FOR product Declares feed and product streams EXPAND exeCode FOR code Gets the code from attribute modelCode End Sub End of procedure Sub StatusQuery Begin of the procedure StatusQuery EXPAND sqMissingF FOR feed EXPAND sqMissingP FOR product Deals with unconnected active nozzles EXPAND sqMissingC FOR code Gets the code from attribute errorCode EXPAND sqInfoF FOR feed Determines if enough information is known about the feed stream e g temperature EXPAND s
46. enum P PressureSpecificationType enum EY ProcessApplication ProcessApplicationSingleUse MI ProcessSimulationCase a KH amp P ProcessStreamType enum amp P ProductFlowBasisEnum enum PropBalanceUtil W PropertyBalance eP PropertyBalanceType enum PropertyCalculator amp P PropertyPackageType enum Members of ProcessStream ES L ightL iquidFraction ES L ightL iquidFractionValue ES LiquidFraction E L iquidFractionValue S LowerHeatValue EI LowerHeatValueValue E MassDensity E MassDensityValue E MassEnthalpy E MassEnthalpyValue ER MassEntropy E MassEntropyValue MassFlow E amp MassFlowValue E MassHeatCapacity Classes eP PressureOptionsEnum enum amp P PressureSourceType enum i PressureSpecificationType enum amp ProcessApplication D I ProcessApplicationSingleUse D I ProcessSimulationCase W ProcessSimulationCaseSingleUse P ProcessStreamType enum e ProductFlowBasisEnum enum amp PropBalanceUtil D I PropertyBalance P PropertyBalanceType enum amp PropertyCalculator i PropertyPackageType enum Members of ProcessStream ES LightLiquidFraction E LightLiquidFractionValue E LiquidFraction E LiquidFractionValue E LowerHeatValue EI LowerHeatValueValue E MassDensity E MassDensityValue E MassEnthalpy E MassEnthalpyValue E MassEntropy ES MassEntropyValue E MassFlow e MassFlowValue E amp MassHeatCapacity amp PropertyTable E MassHeat
47. ergy A process is modelled by using predefined unit operations e g distillation condensation and mixing Unit operations are the basic steps of a process and describe a physical or chemical change In addition to the predefined unit operations the process simulation software has information about the chemical and physical properties of pure components of mixtures of components and of reactions between components When all this information is combined the computer can calculate what will happen when a process takes place The engineer can then compare the outcomes of the different proposed solutions which helps him choose the best design However it is not always possible to model the design by using the predefined unit operations the process simulator provides Sometimes the design the engineer has made includes unit operations that differ from the ones offered by the simulator The structure and dynamics of the unit operation then have to be specified by the engineer Most software suites provide a method to implement these self defined unit operations Nonetheless for chemical engineers it is not easy to implement the self defined unit operations in these software tools because the methods provided by the software suites often require programming knowledge in a specific programming language For example the UniSim Design Suite by Honeywell requires knowledge of Visual Basic to define a unit operation 3 This requirement causes an almos
48. h as a set of experimental results or a customer need A chemical engineer needs to find the best solution for this problem He does this by developing and evaluating a number of possible designs In many fields of engineering a scale model is used to evaluate the different solution designs In the field of chemical process engineering this is not possible because of the large number of constraints and factors that needs to be considered and the costs involved in building such a scale model The constraints and factors can arise in many ways For example some constraints are fixed and invariable such as those that arise from physical laws government regulations and industry standards Others are less rigid and can be weakened by the engineer in order to find the best design Another important factor is the cost of the design The design can be very efficient but if it is too expensive it will not be profitable Hence when a design in chemical process engineering has to be tested a manner of testing has to be used that can take a lot of different factors into account and is relatively inexpensive 1 Therefore when the design of for example a chemical plant has to be evaluated this is done with the help of systematic computer based methods This is called process simulation There are a large number of process simulator software suites available nowadays 2 They all work on a similar basis i e by using the laws of conservation of mass and en
49. ies It can be used to build tools and other applications based on structured data models 13 4 3 Transformation Our transformation should take all the information from the model and transform it into Visual Basic code which is the language used by our process modelling tool Since EMF is used for the metamodelling it is logical to use one of the modelling components of Eclipse to implement the model to text transformation There are several tools that can do this but Xpand has been used in this work Xpand uses a template to transform a model to text Therefore to be able to perform a transformation a proper template has to be written 11 4 4 Importing in UniSim After the code is generated the unit operation has to be imported in UniSim Design There are several possibilities to do this which are all discussed below The first possibility is that UniSim uses a library to store all defined unit operations This would mean that a unit operation can be imported into UniSim by putting a self defined unit operation in the library folder However this is possibility does not work properly After examining the program files of UniSim we concluded that UniSim does not use a library to store unit operations 15 We also noticed that the source code of UniSim is not included in the program files This means that a self defined unit operation has to be imported in a way the UniSim designers devised and allowed This left only two possibilities
50. ive this enerFeed active ENDDEFINE In the exeFeed template the feed streams are declared Since this is only needed when the streams are active there is a check to determine whether a stream is active Again the template exeProd for the product streams does exactly the same DEFINE exeFeed FOR uuo1 FeedStream Dim feed As Object Set feed ActiveObject Feeds1 Item 0 If feed Is Nothing Then GoTo EarlyExit IF this matFeed2 active almost the same code for the energy feed Dim feed2 As Object Set feed2 ActiveObject Feeds2 Item 0 If feed2 Is Nothing Then GoTo EarlyExit ENDIF ENDDEF INE The exeCode template splits the string from the attribute modelCode in the class Code into lines The same is done in the template sqMissingC for the attribute errorCode DEFINE exeCode FOR uuol Coden FOREACH this modelCode split AS a a toString ENDFOREACH ENDDEFINE The sqMissingF template checks if all the active nozzles have at least one feed stream attached to them The same is done for the product stream nozzles in sqMissingP DEFINE sqMissingF FOR uuo1 FeedStream If ActiveObject Feeds1 Count 0 Then ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slMissingRequiredInformation 1 Feed Stream Required End If IF this matFeed2 active almost the same code for the energy feed If ActiveObject Feeds2 Count 0 Then ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slMissingRequiredInformation 2 Second Feed Stream
51. ixing or distillation UUO User Unit Operation see chapter 4 4 1 32 Appendix B Code from model Below the code for the two attributes modelCode and errorCode from the class Code is given On the right are comments to explain the lines The comments made are for this particular unit operation but general knowledge can be gained from them as well If certain comments are not clear reading Appendix E5 might help modelCode compPosn theComps index H20 finds the position of water in the current Fluid Package s component list theComps is the variable that denotes the component list Dim CMFs As Variant declares CMFs as a variant CMF is an abbreviation for ComponentMolarFlow CMFs feed ComponentMolarFlowValue assigns the molar flow of the feed per component to CMFs CompFlow CMFs compPosn OtherFlow feed MolarFlowValue CompFlow assigns the molar flow of the component here H20 to CompFlow OtherFlow is the molar flow of the feed stream minus that of the water in this case the numbers are 0 95 1 0 05 prod2 Pressure Calculate feed PressureValue prod2 Temperature Calculate feed TemperatureValue prod2 MolarFlow Calculate CompFlow the pressure and temperature of the water stream are calculated from the properties of the feed stream the molar flow is calculated from the CompFlow CMFs compPosn 0 0 the molarflow of the water is set to zero this stre
52. kage Explorer E O BSle gt g amp je v i ba emf poging1 xpand 4 22 ba emf poging1 xpand 4 9 src b f metamodel 4 t model Ia UnitOperation xmi b t template 2 In the Window menu go to Show View Other red box ace Refactor Navigate Search Project Run Window Help s Ze Oste OG e c0 New Window New Editor plorer 28 S Hide Toolbar Els ing1x ii SR EE d Ve Show View gt Ant E Console Alt Shift Q C ize Pi ive Mee B Declaration Alt Shift Q D odel Save Perspective As 9 Error Log Alt Shift Q L UnitOperation xmi Reset Perspective aea Alt Shift Q J mplate Close Perspective ts Navigator orkflow Close All Perspectives B Outline Alt Shift Q O TERENI IME Navigation I8 Package Explorer Alt Shift Q P generatorWithBackend mwe E Problems Alt Shift Q X generatorWithProfiler mwe Preferences Progress jen E Project Explorer iystem Library jdk1 6 0 27 4 Search Alt Shift Q S in Dependencies E Task List Alt Shift Q K A INF S Tasks liproperties is Templates fe Type Hierarchy Alt Shift Q T Other Alt Shift Q Q 3 In the new window begin to type Properties in the red box or click General Properties 4 t workflow B generator mwe Ej generatorWithBackend mwe generatorWithProfiler mwe src gen b E JRE System Library jdk1 6 0 27 b BA Plug in Dependencies b e META INF lid build properties Select Properties and click on OK 4 5 General E3 Properties 4
53. ls Section 5 3 gives possible improvements for the metamodel 5 1 Requirements To define a unit operation completely the structure and the dynamics of the unit operation have to be described In this case it means that the engineer should be able to put all information about structure and dynamics in a model Therefore the metamodel should be defined to work with all possible structures and dynamics The general structure of a unit operation was given in Section 3 3 A unit operation has three feed and three product nozzles Two of those nozzles are for material streams while one is for an energy stream The unit operation uses at least one material feed and one material product nozzle The other nozzles are optional This characteristic should be considered in the design of the metamodel The dynamics of the unit operation should also be captured in a model This means that the behaviour of the unit operation expressed in mathematical equations is considered in the metamodel i e the metamodel should support the modelling of these mathematical equations 5 2 Finalversion The final version of the metamodel is shown in Fig 10 B nitOperation name EString 1 Nd E product O c B Productst E FeedStream m i y S EH gt SS 1 code BCode o f L x T modelCode EString M T errorCode EString _ E enerProd matFeed1 1 enerFeed matProd1 matProd
54. multaneous simulator both do what they are best at The sequential simulator provides the initial conditions and the simultaneous simulator solves the equations 1 In this study a typical process simulator is needed to test the developed tool The simulator used is a hybrid simulator called UniSim Design R390 which is licensed by Honeywell 3 2 UniSim Design The aim of this paragraph is to highlight certain design steps it does not discuss in detail the whole simulation process from start to finish The first step in building a process simulation is selecting the chemical components involved After this the reaction is defined It is also possible to define a set of reactions Next one or more feed streams are defined which means that the properties e g temperature pressure and composition of the feed stream s are specified After this the unit operations can be installed and the corresponding parameters specified When all the unit operations are installed connected and specified the simulation can be solved The user can read the results from the property view of the unit operation As example a property view of a mixer is given below The property view displays the conditions of the connected streams The properties or composition of these streams can be displayed by using the menu on the left P MIX 100 Eo Worksheet l Prop Oxide Water Feed Mixer Out Vapour 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 Conditions Temperature F 75 00 75 00
55. n slWarning 24 Additional Energy Feed Stream s Ignored End If ENDIF DEFINE sqNozzleP FOR uuo1 ProductStream If ActiveObject Products1 Count gt 1 Then GotOne True ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slWarning 21 Additional First Product Stream s Ignored End If IF this matProd2 active If ActiveObject Products2 Count 1 Then GotOne True ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slWarning 22 Additional Second Product Stream s Ignored End If ENDIF IF this enerProd active If ActiveObject EnergyProducts Count 1 Then GotOne True ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slWarning 25 Additional Energy Product Stream s Ignored End If ENDIF ENDDEFINE DEFINE sqBogusF FOR uuo1 FeedStream Dim BogusCnxn As Boolean BogusCnxn False IF this matFeed2 active If BogusCnxn And ActiveObject Feeds2 Count 0 Then BogusCnxn True End If ENDIF IF this enerFeed active If BogusCnxn And ActiveObject EnergyFeeds Count gt Then BogusCnxn True End If ENDIF ENDDEFINE DEFINE sqBogusP FOR uuo1 ProductStream IF this matProd2 active If BogusCnxn And ActiveObject Products2 Count 0 Then BogusCnxn True End If ENDIF IF this enerProd active If BogusCnxn And ActiveObject EnergyProducts Count 0 Then BogusCnxn True End If ENDIF If BogusCnxn True Then GotOne True ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slWarning 7 C
56. nca nes EDI D E 13 Xpand will now be installed When the window below opens click Next twice red box Install Check the items that you wish to install Name Version f i Select All Deselect All 50 14 Accept the license agreement orange box and click Finish red box Review Licenses Licenses must be reviewed and accepted before the software can be installed Licenses gt Eclipse Foundation Software User Agreement License text Eclipse Foundation Software User Agreement February 1 2011 Usage Of Content THE ECLIPSE FOUNDATION MAKES AVAILABLE SOFTWARE DOCUMENTATION INFORMATION AND OR OTHER MATERIALS FOR OPEN SOURCE PROJECTS COLLECTIVELY CONTENT USE OF THE CONTENT IS GOVERNED BY THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT AND OR THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF LICENSE AGREEMENTS OR NOTICES INDICATED OR REFERENCED BELOW BY accept the terms of the license agreement Ido not accept the terms of the license agreement meee 15 Eclipse asks to restart for the changes to take effect Click Yes After the restart both Eclipse and Xpand are installed E2 Import tool in Eclipse 1 Extract the rar file called UniSim User Unit Operation rar to a folder of your choice you can use the program WINRAR again 2 Open Eclipse If you see a welcome screen close it red box File Edit Navigate Search Project Run
57. ng the process The Execute procedure is called whenever a variable or the composition of a stream attached to the component is changed Because of the change the unit operation s calculations have to be redone Therefore all the unit operation s calculations are in this procedure The StatusQuery procedure is called when UniSim wants to update the status information of an object The purpose of this procedure is to provide warning and error messages Warnings or errors could occur because for example connections or variable values are missing The messages are shown in the UniSim Design status bar and at the bottom of the User Unit Operation property view 3 When these three procedures are defined and the unit operation s structure and dynamics are known it can be used in the process simulator The code that defines the UUO has to be written or pasted in a tab on the property view Since this cannot be automated the users always have to do this themselves by hand The User Unit Operation can also be exported which means that a self defined unit operation after it is defined can be used in different UniSim projects 16 Pros Easyto implement Defined User Unit Operations can be exported and imported therefore the same component can be used in different designs Cons Only two tabs in property view which limits the amount of information and results that can be displayed 4 4 2 Extension Unit Operation
58. nown GotOne True End If If Not feed2 Pressure IsKnown Then ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slMissingOptionalInformation 17 Second Feed Pressure Unknown If GotOne True Then GotTwo True End If GotOne True End If If Not feed2 VapourFraction IsKnown Then ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slMissingOptionalInformation 11 Second Feed Vapour Fraction Unknown If GotOne True Then GotTwo True End If GotOne True End If If GotTwo True Then GoTo ThatsAll ENDDEFINE GotOne False If Not feed2 MolarFlow IsKnown Then ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slMissingOptionalInformation 18 Second Feed Molar Flow Unknown GotOne True End If CMFsKnown feed2 ComponentMolarFraction IsKnown If Not CMFsKnown Then ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slMissingOptionallInformation 19 Second Feed Composition Unknown GotOne True End If If GotOne True Then GoTo ThatsAll ENDIF DEFINE sqNozzleF FOR uuo1 FeedStream ENDDEFINE If ActiveObject Feeds1 Count gt 1 Then GotOne True ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slWarning 20 Additional First Feed Stream s Ignored End If IF this matFeed2 active If ActiveObject Feeds2 Count 1 Then GotOne True ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slWarning 23 Additional Second Feed Stream s Ignored End If ENDIF IF this enerFeed active If ActiveObject EnergyFeeds Count 1 Then GotOne True ActiveObject AddStatusConditio
59. ogramming problem last modified 14 February 2013 retrieved 20 February 2013 John Donne Devotions upon Emergent Occasions McGill Queen s University Press 1975 Quebec E D Falkenberg et al A framework of information systems concepts IFIP Working Group Vol 8 1998 I Kurtev L Ferreira Pires ADSA Model Driven Engineering Presentation 2 10 September 2012 Wikipedia Unified Modeling Language http en wikipedia org wiki Unified Modeling Language last modifierd 12 March 2013 retrieved 13 March 2013 I Kurtev L Ferreira Pires ADSA Model Driven Engineering Presentation 7 15 Oktober 2012 I Kurtev L Ferreira Pires ADSA Model Driven Engineering Presentation 4 25 September 2012 The Eclipse Foundation Eclipse Modeling Framework Project EMF http www eclipse org modeling emf retrieved 4 March 2013 Appendix A Glossary Component Part of a feed or product stream for example water or methane EUO Extension Unit Operation see chapter 4 4 2 MDA Stands for model driven architecture MDE Stands for model driven engineering Metamodel Defines the language that is used to model the problem Model A simplified representation of a system in the language defined by the metamodel Transformation The process of converting a model into executable code User The user of UniSim Design Unit operation Part of a chemical process in which a physical or thermodynamic change takes place for example m
60. omposition of the feed stream Tab 3 we know that the mole fraction of the water stream is 596 of that of the feed stream The rest of the feed stream goes into the dry product stream This means that the molar flows of the different streams should be as in Tab 5 Feed Dry Product Wet Product Molar Flow Ibmole hr 220 5 209 475 11 025 Tab 5 Molar flow of the streams connected to the dehumidifier UniSim gives the following conditions in the dehumidifier property view 28 Jk User Unit Op Dehumidifier koke Worksheet Name Feed DryProduct Wet Product Vapour 0 9592 1 0000 0 0000 Conditions Temperature F 7340 7340 73 40 Properties Pressure psia 44 09 44 09 44 09 Camassa Molar Flow Ibmole hr 2205 209 4 11 02 Mass Flow lb hr 7115 6916 188 6 PF Specs Std Ideal Lig Vol Flow USGPM 32 32 31 92 0 3974 Molar Enthalpy Btu lbmole 4 479e 004 4 086e 004 1 228e 005 Molar Entropy Btu lbmole F 41 09 42 20 13 12 Heat Flow Btu hr 3 874e 006 8 558e 006 1 354e D06 i Design Worksheet RN nn Fig 16 Property view of a Dehumidifier user unit operation open on the tab Conditions The fourth row of the Property view gives the figures that UniSim has calculated Since they are rounded off it is impossible to say if the figures correspond exactly to those in Tab 4 but it is most likely that they do Since the composition and the molar
61. onnection s to Inactive nozzles End If ThatsAll ENDDEFINE 40 Appendix D Generated dehumidifier Below the generated dehumidifier is given This is the complete transformation minus a few empty lines Sub Initialize ActiveObject Feeds1Name Feed ActiveObject Feeds2Name Inactive Feed ActiveObject Feeds2Active false ActiveObject EnergyFeedsName Inactive Energy Feed ActiveObject EnergyFeedsActive false ActiveObject ProductsiName Dry Product ActiveObject Products2Name Wet Product ActiveObject Products2Active true ActiveObject EnergyProductsName Inactive Energy Product ActiveObject EnergyProductsActive false End Sub Sub Execute On Error GoTo EarlyExit Dim feed As Object Set feed ActiveObject Feeds1 Item 0 If feed Is Nothing Then GoTo EarlyExit Dim prod As Object Set prod ActiveObject Products1 Item 0 If prod Is Nothing Then GoTo EarlyExit Dim prod2 As Object Set prod2 ActiveObject Products2 Item 0 If prod2 Is Nothing Then GoTo EarlyExit DIM theComps As Object Set theComps ActiveObject Flowsheet FluidPackage Components compPosn theComps index H20 Dim CMFs As Variant CMFs feed ComponentMolarFlowValue CompFlow CMFs compPosn OtherFlow feed MolarFlowValue CompFlow prod2 Pressure Calculate feed PressureValue prod2 Temperature Calculate feed TemperatureValue prod2 MolarFlow Calculate CompFlow CMFs compPosn 0 0 prod Pressure Calculate feed Pre
62. qNozzleF FOR feed EXPAND sqNozzleP FOR product Checks if there are nozzles with more than one connection since these connections are ignored EXPAND sqBogusF FOR feed EXPAND sqBogusP FOR product Determines if there are connections to inactive nozzles End Sub End of procedure Tab 1 Beginning of the transformation template 6 2 Closerlook explained in Section 5 2 In Section 5 2 we mentioned that the metamodel for the feed streams and the product streams is exactly the same This is also true for the transformation template Therefore only the parts of the transformation that have to do with feed streams or code are discussed below To improve readability relatively uninteresting or duplicated lines are not shown here duplicated means repeated code with a tiny change due to it being for a different stream The complete transformation is given in Appendix C In the initFeed template all the attributes of the feed streams are read The code generated defines the names of the feed streams and determines if they are active The same is done for the product streams in the template called initProd 22 DEFINE initFeed FOR uuo1 FeedStream ActiveObject FeedsiName this matFeed1 name ActiveObject Feeds2Name this matFeed2 name ActiveObject Feeds2Active this matFeed2 active ActiveObject EnergyFeedsName this enerFeed name ActiveObject EnergyFeedsAct
63. re used to describe the M models here the models written in UML The last layer is the Mg layer which contains the real world objects 9 Concluding a metamodel is used to define a model a metametamodel is needed to define a metamodel Therefore the first step in metamodelling is defining or choosing a metametamodel After this the metamodel can be defined 2 3 2 Transformations After the model has been defined it must be transformed into something executable 13 To transform the model a transformation definition is needed The general transformation pattern is shown in Fig 3 Model Text Transformation definition Source Model Transformation CC A labrador is a dog modetto en Eege TT Target MEE model code Fig 3 The general transformation pattern 12 Fig 4 An example of a very simple model to text transformation Figure 3 shows that a model can be transformed into a model a model to model transformation or into code a model to text or M2T transformation In our case a M2T transformation is the best option since code must be generated for the process simulator 11 Therefore the model to model transformations are ignored and the focus is on the model to text transformations An example of a very simple model to text transformation is shown in Fig 4 In the model it is defined that a Labrador is a dog The transformation takes the structure of the model and the information it contains and
64. rything can be defined by the user so the Unit Operation will behave completely according to the users wishes Cons Fora user not acquainted with UniSim or programming it can take a lot of time to define a User Operation from scratch The property view also needs to be designed from square one 4 4 3 Conclusion After researching both options we decided to use the User Unit Operation option With this option it is not possible to sculpt a unit operation completely to the users wishes but in our case time is a limiting factor and the user unit operation option is most likely much faster to implement than the extension unit operation This is because of several reasons listed below 17 There is less code needed to define a user unit operation The code is easier to understand and hardly any knowledge of Visual Basic is required UniSim automatically generates the property view so it is not necessary to spend time constructing it There are however some drawbacks The largest is that the generated code has to be pasted in the property view window which means that our solution cannot be fully automated But since the advantages are far bigger than the disadvantages the user unit operation is in our case the best option 18 5 Metamodel This chapter describes how the metamodel was defined Section 5 1 details the requirements of the metamodel Section 5 2 takes a close look at the resulting metamodel and its detai
65. s and conditions of the Eclipse Foundation Software User Agreement unless otherwise specified Downloads Home Bit Torrents Source code More Packages Download eclipse modeling juno SR2 win32 zip from Netherlands Triple IT http Give Back to Checksums MD5 SHA1 Eclipse 0r pick a mirror site below 5 15 25 5 Openthe downloaded rar file You can find a program called WINRAR that does this on http www rarlab com download htm download and install it 6 Select the eclipse folder one click and click Extract To red box 46 File Commands Tools Favorites Options Help EEC R o7 Tof Test View Delete Find Wizard Info VirusScan Comment SFX E SB eclipse modeling juno SR2 vvin32 zip ZIP archive unpacked size 319 666 702 bytes Size Packed Type Modified Folder 97 Selected 1 folder Total 1 folder d 7 Awindow will pop up Choose the path where you want to install Eclipse This can be done by typing in the box highlighted in red or by choosing the destination folder in the box highlighted in orange Afterwards click OK highlighted in green General Advanced Destination path will be created if does not exist Update mode D rogram Files 3D Home Architect 7 Zip AC3Filter Activision Adobe Adobe Media Player AGEIA Technologies Aiseesoft Studio Analog Devices Apple Software Update Ashampoo ATI Audacity Audible AuthenTe
66. s that above the level of the metamodel M there is another level called metametamodel M3 A metametamodel models a metamodel just as a metamodel models a model UML metamodel and other language metamodels metamodel UML models and other models in other languages Various applications of these models the real World i ee Fig 1 The four levels of the Meta Object Facility 9 The same can be said about the modelling languages the metametamodel models the language in which the metamodel is defined the metamodel models the language in which the model is defined Fig 2 shows the relations between the different kinds of models modelOf System needed to define modelOf Model Metamodel needed to define Metamodel modelar Metametamodel Fig 2 The relations between the system model metamodel and metametamodel Therefore to be able to define a metamodel a metamodelling architecture is needed An example of a metamodelling architecture is the Meta Object Facility MOF MOF was developed to provide a metametamodel the M layer for the Unified Modelling Language UML UML is a general purpose modelling language that is used in the field of object oriented software engineering It includes graphic notation techniques that help create visual models of object oriented software system 12 10 Here the second layer M is formed by UML itself The M models a
67. sCondition slMissingOptionallnformation 12 Feed Temperature Unknown GotOne True End If If Not feed Pressure IsKnown Then ActiveObject AddStatusCondition sIMissingOptionallnformation 13 Feed Pressure Unknown If GotOne True Then GotTwo True End If GotOne True End If If Not feed VapourFraction IsKnown Then ActiveObject AddStatusCondition sIMissingOptionallnformation 10 Feed Vapour Fraction Unknown If GotOne True Then GotTwo True End If GotOne True End If If GotTwo True Then GoTo ThatsAll GotOne False If Not feed MolarFlow IsKnown Then ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slMissingOptionallnformation 14 Feed Molar Flow Unknown GotOne True End If CMFsKnown feed ComponentMolarFraction IsKnown If Not CMFsKnown 0 Then ActiveObject AddStatusCondition sIMissingOptionallnformation 15 Feed Composition Unknown GotOne True End If If GotOne True Then GoTo ThatsAll If ActiveObject Feeds1 Count 1 Then GotOne True ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slWarning 20 Additional First Feed Stream s Ignored End If If ActiveObject Products1 Count 1 Then GotOne True ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slWarning 21 Additional First Product Stream s Ignored End If If ActiveObject Products2 Count 1 Then GotOne True ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slWarning 22 Additional Second Product Stream s Ignored End If Dim BogusCnxn As Boolean BogusCnxn False
68. ss engineer is able to understand the models that are used to develop the tool Contents 1 INTRODUCTION e TES 5 E SN Oe e ele EEN 5 NS HE ale E ag 6 1 3 let Te eee eher mire hr ven s e E vete PER 6 did ASTUCIA iria e adi deh Boll eaa Pur euo oa execute ue eee era Eua eden uiae ee ee reb Sh 7 Model driven Engineering 8 2 1 Historical perspective dl eve de eh 8 2 2 Modelling ee ree EE tepida etie ae ot 9 2 3 Software Engirieering soar DRE RR RN EE 9 2 3 1 Metamaodellihig itt t na ei ave eh dete a aS et 9 2 3 2 Lange M 11 Process EngineerinB oct ee eee tk d 12 33 Proc ss Simulation iere e tenet eng o etr ae eee E ARR eoe Reg deeb dit 12 3 2 UNISI Desigri iue etie iste ette ede eat e eee SS 13 3 3 Unit operation e eet etse od Genie ee eee ee ees 14 Solution D SIeN nr ern eH GO eni EHE 15 DECUIT 15 42 Metamodel iR eere da 15 4 3 Transformatie s eet e Pn Ep Redes vea Eee 15 44 Importing in UnlSIm iunii te dete tee cedes eb edet oeste pte ie edere di ie deg 15 44 1 User Unit Operation si sa conin del or cede iet eoe e cip acne eeh See UR dE 16 4 4 2 Extension Unit Operation 17 4 4 3 CONCIUSION sa ec eroe eat aa time ven hee PR eR DD eet ver ete deer ete te uv Pete 17 Meta model ceci da 19 KOR UE e ET EE 19 5 2 REinal Version iuc tree teer o Pe eter wea eh re edeme ete v r 19 5 3 Possible improvements esses nennen
69. ssureValue prod Temperature Calculate feed TemperatureValue prod MolarFlow Calculate OtherFlow For i 0 To theComps Count 1 CMFs i CMFS i OtherFlow Next i prod ComponentMolarFraction Calculate CMFs For i 0 To theComps Count 1 CMFs i 0 0 Next i CMFs compPosn 1 0 prod2 ComponentMolarFraction Calculate CMFs ActiveObject SolveComplete Exit Sub EarlyExit not enough info to calculate End Sub Sub StatusQuery 42 On Error GoTo ThatsAll Dim GotOne As Boolean GotOne False If ActiveObject Feeds1 Count 0 Then GotOne True ActiveObject AddStatusCondition sIMissingRequiredinformation 1 Feed Stream Required End If If ActiveObject Products1 Count 0 Then GotOne True ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slMissingRequiredInformation 3 Product Stream Required End If If ActiveObject Products2 Count 0 Then GotOne True ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slMissingRequiredInformation 4 Second Product Stream Required End If If GotOne True Then GoTo ThatsAll On Error GoTo NoComponent compPosn ActiveObject Flowsheet FluidPackage Components index H20 GoTo AfterCompCheck NoComponent GotOne True ActiveObject AddStatusCondition slError 11 No H20 in Current Fluid Package AfterCompCheck On Error GoTo ThatsAll Dim GotTwo As Boolean GotTwo False Dim feed As Object Set feed ActiveObject Feeds1 Item 0 If Not feed Temperature IsKnown Then ActiveObject AddStatu
70. t can be used to generate executable code from models in this case meaning that the process engineer only has to define a model using terms and equations they understand to obtain a self defined unit operation 1 2 Objectives The objective of this BSc assignment is to develop a tool using MDE which makes it easier and quicker for a chemical process engineer to define and import a self defined model in a process simulator The tool should not require the engineer to have any programming knowledge It should use terms and equations that the engineer understands The output of the tool should be an operation model that can be used in the process simulator software 1 3 Approach To achieve the objective of this assignment the following steps have been taken 1 Performed a literature study of metamodelling and transformations in order to understand the theory behind MDE 2 Produced the solution design in which all steps to get a working tool have been investigated 3 Setupthe development environment which is needed in order to define the metamodel and transformation 4 Defined the metamodel which is used to specify a language to represent the model in a way that is understandable for process designers 5 Defined the transformation that can be used to generate executable code from the model Performed a case study to show how the developed tool works to solve a real problem 1 4 Structure The remainder of this report is structured
71. t insurmountable obstacle for a large number of process engineers This hurdle could be overcome by devising a method and accompanying tools that makes it easier for engineers to define and import their own operation model in any process simulator This method should allow the engineer to use the terms they understand allow the engineer to define the structure and dynamics in a way they understand output a self defined unit operation the process simulator understands Model Driven Engineering MDE is a software development methodology that aims at raising the level of abstraction in the specification of software systems It also aims to increase automation in software development Lastly it aims to reach the two previous objectives by allowing the definition of modelling languages intended for the problem domain experts The idea behind MDE is to use models when developing software systems The models have different levels of abstraction which helps manage the complexity of the software system The models are used to generate executable models This is done by automated transformation of a model with a higher level of abstraction into a model with a lower level These transformations continue until the point is reached where the model can be made executable by using some code generator 4 For that reason MDE seems to be a suitable methodology to obtain a method to support chemical process engineers in the way mentioned before I
72. t perfect leaving possibilities for improvement Second a transformation template had to be defined This template transforms the model into executable code This generated code then has to be copied and pasted into the UniSim User Unit Operation window If the process engineer wants to define his own unit operation he has to define the unit operation model first After the model is defined the code can be generated and pasted into UniSim which creates a self defined unit operation for the process engineer 8 2 Future work There are some improvements that can increase the benefits of the tool we developed The first and biggest improvement would be to find a way to remove the Visual Basic code from the model Two parts of the model still have to be defined in Visual Basic code thus still requiring some programming knowledge from the process engineer In Section 5 3 two possible solutions for this problem are mentioned The second improvement is the development of a visual tool instead of a textual one A visual tool makes it even easier for process engineers to model their own unit operations Another improvement can be made in the transformation template mentioned in Section 6 3 Our tool only allows one stream to be connected per nozzle Since there are some unit operations that require more than two feed or product streams this is a drawback However this problem is most likely relatively easy to solve Finally in Section 4 3 a
73. uct Stream enProd Other names that are already established Description name The components of the current fluid package theComps Type Library Al the methods that can be used in the code can be found in a library You reach this library as follows 1 Open Microsoft Office Excel 2 Press Alt F11 3 In the new window open the Tools menu click References False False 0 xINoRestrictions Sheeti 60 4 Anew window will appear left Scroll down to UniSim Design Type Library and check the box in front of it right Click OK red box References VBA Available References Vi Visual Basic For Applications y Cancel CI UniSim DBRProps 1 0 Type Library M Microsoft Excel 12 0 Object Library E C UniSim Design BlackoilProps 1 0 Type Library MOLE Automation C UniSim Design Common Dialogs functions Library t Browse Cl UniSim Design OlgaLink Extension C UniSim Design PSD Library 1 0 L1 AocessiblityCpladmin 1 1 0 Tyne Library CI ACMWrapperDMO 1 0 Type Library el i C Acrobat C UniSim Design Units Library Acrobat Access 3 0 Type Library Priority C Unisim GasProps 1 0 Type Library CI Acrobat Distiller Help Cl UniSim HyPhys 1 0 Type Library C Acrobat Scan 1 0 Type Library D UniSim RVPProps 1 0 Type Library C Acrobat WebCapture 1 0 Type Library C UniSim ThMultiflashExtPkgLib 1 0 Type Library E C Acrobat WebCapture IE Toolbar Favorites 1 0 Type C UniSim User
74. wnload Eclipse go to http www eclipse org downloads 3 Download Eclipse Modeling Tools red box for your machine If your operating system is not Windows use the dropdown box highlighted in orange to select your operating system Eclipse Downloads Packages Developer Builds Projects TIENDE ANE eee ag Windows Le en Eclipse IDE for Java EE Developers 228 MB Windows 32 Bit KN Downloaded 75 150 Times Details Windows 64 Bit e Eclipse Classic 4 2 2 183 MB Windows 32 Bit Downloaded 50 205 Times Details Other Downloads Windows 64 Bit Eclipse for Mobile Developers 144 MB Windows 32 Bit Downloaded 11 126 Times Details Windows 64 Bit a Eclipse IDE for Java and DSL Developers 260 MB Windows 32 Bit Downloaded 9 168 Times Details Windows 64 Bit 2 Eclipse Modeling Tools 275 mB Windows 32 Bit Downloaded 5 238 Times Details Windows 64 Bit o Eclipse for RCP and RAP Developers 228 MB 3 Windows 32 Bit Downloaded 5 188 Times Details Windows 64 Bit EZ Eclipse IDE for Java and Report Developers 267 MB Windows 32 Bit 4BIRT Downloaded 5 125 Times Details Windows 64 Bit Eclipse for Testers 95 MB Windows 32 Bit Downloaded 4 725 Times Details Windows 64 Bit 4 You will go to a new site that looks like the picture below Click on the link in the red box and save the file to your computer Home Downloads Users Members Committers Resources Projects About Us Eclipse downloads mirror selection All downloads are provided under the term

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