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Professional Driver`s Manual

1. A right turn when straddling the lane is performed as follows e Approach in the curb lane or the lane closest to the right side of the roadway e Turn your right turn signal on approximately 30 m from the intersection 150 m outside cities towns or villages e Check your mirrors and make sure you are aware of the traffic s location around you If safe move your vehicle into the lane to your left only enough to complete the turn safely e As you enter the intersection turn your steering wheel to the right Continue scanning the intersection for danger and watch the trailer to ensure it does not go over the curb but stays within 1 5 m of the curb e The critical point is reached when the tractor is at the sharpest point of the turn in relation to the trailer as the right rear view mirror vision is limited e Steer the tractor into the curb lane and the trailer will follow The turn should be finished into the curb lane e Turn off the turn signal Whenever possible turns must be made from the proper lanes When it becomes necessary for the driver to direct the vehicle over lane lines or centre lines to negotiate sharp turns it is the driver s responsibility to make sure the turn can be made safely without interfering with other traffic If there are two lanes side by side with signs indicating you are allowed to turn right from either lane the turn should be made from the left most lane Thi
2. MARINE POLLUTANT Tank car only Marine pollutants Residues after unloading International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships 1973 MARPOL 73 78 For bulk shipment the Product Identification Number is required Professional Driver s Manual 87 Dangerous goods routes Routes may be established within certain cities towns and villages over which dangerous goods must be transported These routes are identified with signs Dangerous goods routes are authorized by civic bylaw and the respective civic administration may be contacted for particulars of their dangerous goods route bylaw Documentation Proper information on a shipping document helps make sure dangerous goods are handled and transported safely It also provides valuable information to those who may have to deal with dangerous occurrences or accidents involving these goods The consignor must ensure that the shipping document contains all the required information in the order specified that the document is signed and is accompanied by any other required documents or certificates and that it is given to the initial carrier The regulations provide that the shipping document shall be located during transport as follows e When the driver is in the cab one copy must be in the cab within the driver s reach or in a pocket mounted on the driver s door e When the driver is not in the cab one copy must be on the driver
3. Professional Driver s Manual 79 Approximate distribution of total weight vehicle plus payload Trailers are also designed for uniform load distribution as shown on the previous examples The basic difference between loading trailers and trucks is in the case of trucks the average design provides for about 90 per cent of the payload on the rear tires and 10 per cent on the front tires In the case of trailers the payload should be spread equally between the rear tires and the fifth wheel which transfers its load to the tractor i 10 45 45 The examples below are obviously wrong In the case of The load should be centred to give the proper wheel the first trailer the heavy load at the rear is overloading load distribution The average truck has a central the rear trailer tires There is practically no load on the weight distribution point midway between the rear of fifth wheel and the tractor rear tires could slip Braking the cab and the tailgate The average tractor trailer has distribution would also be very uneven Tailgate loading a central weight distribution point at approximately the of course should never be practised even in the interest middle of the trailer of speed as it puts a severe strain on the equipment and could result in a serious accident 80 Professional Driver s Manual Securing loads Secure the entire load to prevent shifting or loss of any portion of the load Check often to make sure ti
4. Trip inspection testing For Classes 1 2 3 including pickup trucks with a trailer over 4 540 kg and Class 4 buses the applicant will be required to complete a trip inspection on the vehicle they supply as part of the road test During the trip inspection the applicant must be able to locate identify and check the items or components as set out in this manual Inadequately completing the trip and or air brake inspection will result in the discontinuance and failure of the road test An applicant is expected to complete the trip inspection in a systematic manner to conserve time The trip inspection should take no more than 20 minutes to complete Details of a trip inspection will vary depending on the vehicle being inspected however the principle of making a trip inspection should always be followed If a vehicle is equipped with hydraulic brakes an hydraulic brake system inspection as outlined in area H at the end of this section must be completed in conjunction with the trip inspection If a vehicle is equipped with air brakes an air brake inspection will be conducted in conjunction with the trip inspection All applicants operating air brake equipped vehicles will be required to complete the air brake system trip inspection as outlined in the Air Brake Manual Note When upgrading your driver s licence from single to combination vehicles with air brakes you will be required to demonstrate the complete air brake
5. You may not proceed under any circumstances if a railway crossing gate is in the down position unless directed by a flag person or a person of authority Professional Driver s Manual 47 If a vehicle damages the railway warning equipment or the track it is imperative that the driver notify the appropriate railway authority right away For example if a low bed trailer were to snag a track at a crossing and move it from its normal position or if a vehicle were to knock over a warning light the railway must be informed to prevent the chance of an accident Ta i p 5 T a T i 1 I st i 48 Professional Driver s Manual In the event of an accident involving railway property or for information contact e Canadian Pacific Railroad Police Service 1 800 551 2553 e Canadian National Railroad Police Service 1 800 665 0581 or 1 800 465 9239 Adverse weather conditions Drivers must take note of hazardous road conditions such as rain ice snow fog etc and adjust their driving to the road conditions If conditions are too extreme to continue a trip stop and wait out the Weather You should make sure the vehicle you are driving has survival gear Adjusting to road conditions of ice wet sleet or snow requires e starting out at a slow speed and testing the steering and brakes for control e lowering speed to suit ice or snow conditions and using tire chains if necessary e using light
6. collapsing or sagging frame members Seat is damaged or distorted Seat fails to maintain selected adjustment Any damage that may reduce the effectiveness of the seatbelt Professional Driver s Manual 107 Inspect 4 2 Turn key on system check start engine observe gauges and warning lights are functioning properly 4 3 Accelerator pedal for binding or sticking 4 4 Steering free play is not excessive 108 Professional Driver s Manual Inspection method Visual Perform test with engine idling depress accelerator pedal and release Visually and manually inspect with the engine running on vehicles equipped with power steering With the front wheels in a straight ahead position turn the steering wheel until turning motion can be observed at the front wheels turn the steering wheel in the opposite direction until motion can be observed at the front wheels estimate the amount of steering lash Total movement observed at steering wheel rim before movement at front wheel Report if Warning lights ABS lights or gauges not operating Pedal binding or engine will not return to idle Total movement greater than shown in the following table Truck Steering wheel diameter less than 406 mm 406 mm to 500 mm larger than 500 mm Bus less than 300 mm 350 mm to 400 mm 400 mm to 450 mm 450 mm to 500 mm larger than 500 mm Steering lash power manual 50 mm 75 mm
7. e Ona four lane divided highway the pilot vehicle shall follow the oversize vehicle or load at a distance of not less than 100 m and not more than 500 m 76 Professional Driver s Manual Drivers should be aware that the oversize vehicle or load may pose a threat to normal traffic patterns particularly when passing the oversize vehicle or load on a two way highway Weight Vehicles are registered according to their GVWR In Manitoba this is the combined weight of the vehicle and its load The maximum allowable GVWR is determined by such things as the number of axles the spacing of the axles size of tires etc It is illegal for vehicles to operate on a highway if the gross weight on a tire exceeds the rated capacity of the tire or if the gross weight on an axle exceeds the axle suspension or brake manufacturer s rating of that component As well it is illegal for a trailer to be operated on a highway if the weight on the trailer exceeds the manufacturer s rating For maximum allowable GVWR please contact Transportation Regulation Overweight A permit is required when maximum weights are exceeded as specified in the Vehicle Weight and Dimensions on Classes of Highway Regulations For further information concerning oversize overweight permit policy please contact the Permit Office Period of spring road restrictions Annually the Minister of Manitoba Transportation and Government Services will announce spring road
8. That s why in Manitoba it is illegal for drivers to use hand held electronic devices when they are behind the wheel of a vehicle Distracted driving occurs whenever a driver s attention is occupied by an activity unrelated to operating the vehicle Some other forms of driver distraction known to increase the likelihood of collisions include adjusting the radio or MP3 player or changing CDs while driving communicating with people in other vehicles and gawking at roadside accidents and eating grooming smoking or interacting with passengers while at the wheel Professional Driver s Manual 17 Safety equipment All public service vehicles used for carrying passengers vehicles used for carrying flammable goods loaded or not and pilot vehicles must carry fire extinguishers approved by the Motor Transport Board The fire extinguishers must be kept in good working order Other vehicles may have to carry a fire extinguisher as specified in a permit However it is recommended that all vehicles carry a fire extinguisher All public service vehicles or trucks with a registered gross vehicle weight exceeding 3 700 kg must always carry two flares lights or lanterns or two reflectorized devices of a type and design approved by the Highway Traffic Board Should a vehicle become disabled it should be moved as far off the travelled portion of the highway as possible Warning devices must be placed about 60 m ahead and 60 m behind the d
9. The operator s manual for the vehicle being driven will indicate the speed km h range for each gear Engine RPM An engine that does not turn over fast enough tends to jerk or lurch and can damage the vehicle An engine that turns over too fast on the other hand consumes more fuel than is necessary and does not provide any more power than it would at a lower rpm Motor vehicle engines have a speed range within which they operate efficiently It is often between 1 200 and 1 800 rpm although there are some engines that operate at lower speeds Consult the operator s manual for the equipment being driven for the recommended rpm ranges for each gear The tachometer should be used to know when to change gears as it is more precise than using the sound of the engine or vehicle speed 24 Professional Driver s Manual Automatic transmission Many vehicles have transmissions that change gears automatically in response to speed and acceleration by means of mechanical electrical or hydraulic controls Drivers of such vehicles can also shift down to a lower gear for increased braking power when descending a hill Downshifting prevents the transmission from automatically changing into a higher gear keeping the vehicle speed slower This can be very helpful in keeping the vehicle s brakes cooler as they will not have to be used as often when descending a steep hill This is an example of how the gears on an automatic transmi
10. have to be stopped on the way down a hill to prevent an accident or for an emergency All retarders can be turned on or off by the driver and some retarders are adjustable Engine retarders produce extra noise therefore drivers of vehicles equipped with engine retarders should avoid unnecessary use of these systems in cities and residential areas Gear selection is important because engine retarders are most efficient at higher engine rpm Gear selection must be made before going down the grade rather than attempting a gear shift on the downgrade If a shift is missed and a gear cannot be found the vehicle will have no control over its speed except for the brake system which could fail The driver of a vehicle equipped with an engine retarder system must be familiar with the manufacturer s recommended use of the retarder under all road and weather conditions Note Engine retarders are not allowed to be used on road tests Checking tires wheels and fasteners The amount of control the driver can maintain over a vehicle depends upon the amount of friction between the tires and the road surface Drivers are not allowed to operate a vehicle with bald or damaged tires as they could adversely affect the handling of the vehicle Before starting a trip the driver must inspect tires for cuts abrasions bulges tread and air pressure using a gauge is the only sure method to know pressures are correct When inspecting the tires
11. or a highway driver education within the municipal boundaries of a city town village or urban course municipality For further information please call 204 985 7000 or toll free 1 800 665 2410 if enrolled Motorcycles Air Brake Endorsement permits the holder to drive vehicles equipped with air brakes in the class of vehicle for which the person is licensed Note Drivers of a Class 3 truck registered as a farm truck equipped with air brakes are exempt from this requirement Must meet medical and vision standards Medical report required on initial application and periodically thereafter based on the age of the driver Medical report required when requested Must meet vision standards Medical report required when requested Must meet vision standards e must hold a minimum Class 51 Intermediate Stage licence or Class 5A Authorized Instruction Stage licence to obtain authorized instruction in Classes 1 4 e must pass knowledge test e requires supervising driver for Authorized Instruction e must pass road test For Classes 1 2 3 or 4 buses and trucks only the test includes a pre trip inspection of vehicle and air brake system if applicable by the applicant e must pass knowledge test for Class 5L Learner Stage licence must wait seven days for re tests e requires supervising driver for Class 5L Learner Stage or Class 5A Authorized Instruction license e requires supervising driver
12. s seat or in the pocket mounted on the driver s door e Ifthe transport unit is a tractor trailer and the trailer containing dangerous goods is detached and left in a parking area leave a copy of the shipping document with the person in charge of the parking area e In cases that are not covered by the above leave the shipping document in an accessible identifiable waterproof receptacle securely attached to the transport unit The carrier must also ensure the document is passed along with the dangerous goods to any subsequent carrier or to the consignee 88 Professional Driver s Manual Except when dangerous goods that are to be transported as waste or by air any kind of shipping document may be used providing it contains all of the prescribed criteria for shipping documents required by the regulations After dangerous goods have been unloaded a danger still exists because of residues that remain in the transport unit e g bulk fuel haulers The regulations provide that the carrier s copy of the shipping document is to be marked residue last contained and stay with the transport unit until it has been emptied cleaned or purged so that no hazard exists When transporting waste dangerous goods a manifest that is prescribed in the regulations must be used A pamphlet explaining how to obtain and use the manifest is available from the federal or provincial department of the environment Vehicl
13. stale light and will probably change before the intersection is reached Many streets have synchronized traffic control signal lights and drivers can adjust the speed of their vehicle to take advantage of this Danger zone The danger zone of any vehicle can be described as the area directly in front of the vehicle in which the vehicle cannot be stopped In the diagram the danger zone is shown as the red shaded area As speed increases the danger zone increases If the road condition is less than ideal because of rain snow ice or gravel the danger zone is further increased If the driver fails to reduce the vehicle s speed to suit these road conditions the danger zone increases For example the trucks are approximately two and one half vehicle lengths from the crosswalk when their drivers see the pedestrian Under ideal conditions the driver travelling at 30 km h may be able to stop just in If another vehicle or a pedestrian should enter the time However even under ideal conditions the driver danger zone it is not physically possible for a driver of the truck travelling at 50 km h cannot stop in time to stop in time to avoid a collision Braking distance in the danger zone will vary according to the weight of the vehicle condition of the brakes and the condition of the road surface When conditions become less than ideal vehicles can reduce their stopping distances by reducing their speed 28 Professio
14. Anyone who handles offers for transport or transports dangerous goods must be a trained person or performing those duties under the direct supervision of a trained person It is the employer s responsibility to ensure that employees are trained with respect to the dangerous goods that will be assigned to them When training is complete that person is issued a training certificate Training certificates must be renewed every 36 months The consignor is responsible for supplying the initial carrier with the appropriate safety marks like placards with the correct UN or NA Product Identification Number as applicable providing the initial carrier with the shipping document or waste manifest as required The carrier is responsible for displaying the appropriate safety marks in the proper manner and location replacing any safety marks that are damaged or lost while the consignment is in the carrier s charge ensuring that all required documentation is complete and accompanies the consignment that any change in the consignment while it s in their charge is documented and that when a consignment leaves the carrier s charge copies of all necessary documents are passed on to the receiver loading and segregating the consignment if appropriate refusing consignments of dangerous goods that do not meet the requirements of the regulations retaining all documents for two years The consignee is responsible for co
15. Assessment at your expense For further information please visit mpi mb ca Professional Driver s Manual 1 3 Impaired Driver Assessment An assessment of your alcohol or drug use from the AFM Impaired Drivers Program is required after an alcohol or drug related suspension You will be required to sign a release authorizing the AFM to access your driving record You may be referred to an educational workshop a risk reduction program or an AFM treatment program You may also lose your licence and be disqualified from driving until your alcohol or drug use is under control Criminal Code offences Driving any vehicle while impaired having a blood alcohol concentration over 08 refusing to provide a breath or blood sample to police refusing to perform a physical coordination test or drug recognition evaluation or refusing to follow a police officer s instructions regarding either test are Criminal Code offences Other related Criminal Code offences include e impaired driving causing bodily harm or death e driving or having care or control of a vehicle while impaired by drugs or alcohol If you are convicted of an impaired driving offence under the Criminal Code your driver s licence will be suspended and you will be disqualified from driving any type of vehicle A conviction may result in a number of sanctions including e moving an additional five or 10 levels down the Driver Safety Rating scale e a court i
16. Idling a class eight truck engine burns up to four litres of fuel per hour at 900 rpm Turn off your engine when you stop for any length of time you will save fuel reduce maintenance requirements prolong engine life and prevent unnecessary emissions If a 10 truck fleet were to cut idling by an hour a day for 260 days it would save approximately 10 400 litres of fuel 11 440 at 1 10 per litre A 100 truck fleet would save 114 400 and a 500 truck fleet 572 000 Class eight truck a truck over 14 969 kg 33 000 Ib Gross Vehicle Weight Rating GVWR Taking advantage of technology New engine designs offer great benefits delivering more horsepower and torque in lower rpm ranges You can downshift at about 1 200 rpm and upshift at about 1 600 rpm rather than 2 000 rpm You shift less Save money and generate fewer emissions Keeping up with road conditions Smart fuel efficient driving is also safe driving Different road and traffic conditions present different challenges As a driver it s important for you to keep the following in mind e Light Adjust your driving per visibility Wear sunglasses in bright conditions and reduce speed in poor light conditions e Posture Keep your seat adjusted to the correct position for comfort alertness visibility and access to controls e Traffic Try to travel at a constant speed staying within the speed limit Be considerate and give way to other drivers Stree
17. Use ether sparingly when having difficulty starting your engine excessive use can harm the engine e Let your vehicle warm up for three to five minutes if the temperature is below zero degrees Celsius allow it to warm up for seven to 10 minutes Don t rev it let it warm up gradually e Ensure oil and air pressure are in their normal operating ranges e Warm your vehicle up after the initial idle time by driving easily don t try to get too much speed out of the engine by pushing the throttle down hard Smart driving practices Driving smart can save fuel and reduce wear and tear on your vehicle Keep the following in mind e Back off the accelerator when going over the top of a hill and let gravity and momentum do the work e Use cruise control where appropriate e Reduce your speed driving fast eats up fuel no matter what you drive Generally for every 10 km h over 90 km h you use 10 per cent more fuel e Always use the clutch failure to do so can result in a missed shift or damage the transmission e Practice progressive gear shifting Shift between 1 400 and 1 600 rpm before you reach the maximum governed rpm This can help reduce equipment wear decrease noise levels and save fuel e Use the highest gear possible to keep the engine in its most efficient rpm range e Use your retarder properly and turn it off when you don t need it let the terrain work for you Idling A special note
18. a grade the driver controls the speed of the vehicle by snubbing the brakes Snubbing is when a brake application is made at intervals to reduce the vehicle s speed and then the brakes are released This brake application should slow the vehicle by eight km h in three seconds This can be remembered as the 8 in 3 rule The driver should not allow the vehicle speed to increase eight km h over the control speed before snubbing the brakes Snubbing will help to prevent over heating of the brakes If the brakes were allowed to overheat it would cause the brake drums to expand which could lead to brake fade or complete brake loss Stopping on a slight downgrade is done in the same way as a level stop You must stop and check the brakes when signs are posted In some provinces and states there is a fine for not doing so This stop must also be recorded in the log book Professional Driver s Manual 33 Anti lock braking system An anti lock brake system ABS is an electronic system that monitors and controls wheel speed during braking The system monitors the wheel speed at all times If it detects a wheel locking up during a brake application the system releases brake pressure to that wheel only This prevents the wheel from skidding and increases vehicle stability and control even in the most adverse situations such as braking on wet or ice slicked roads through curves or during lane changes When driving a vehicle
19. and heavy equipment such as front end loaders cranes forklifts and graders Provincial highways and urban roads do not include rural municipal roads service roads or winter roads controlled or maintained by a local government such as a rural municipality Fastening tailgate Your truck s tailgate must be closed and fastened except when the truck is carrying an article of such length that it cannot be easily carried unless the tailgate is open Transporting dangerous goods Federal and provincial legislation is in force to promote public safety when transporting dangerous goods Canada s federal provincial and territorial governments work together with the transportation industry to make sure that requirements for transporting dangerous goods are the same across the country and that they apply to all means of transportation whether it be by air marine rail or road Everyone in charge of a dangerous good anywhere along its journey is responsible for its safe transportation and must keep in mind e Whoever is in charge of dangerous goods must report to a designated authority in the event of any discharge emission or escape of dangerous goods from any container packaging or means of transport areportable dangerous occurrence or an accident involving dangerous goods the loss theft or misplacement of a consignment of products of certain classes of dangerous goods a delay in delivery of certain explosives e
20. application if when descending a steep grade the application air pressure increases with each application of the brake there is a problem For example the application air pressure could increase with each use of the brake from nine psi to 15 psi to 20 psi to 30 psi to 55 psi before the brakes would fail Many drivers hesitate when they first notice brake fade thinking they can make it to the bottom of the grade safely This is not always the case The instant a problem is recognized a driver should take immediate action If action is not taken the speed of the vehicle will continue to increase By the bottom of the grade it will be at maximum speed and the vehicle will not have any brakes These instances require rapid decision making and reaction from the driver If unsure pull over where it is safe and inspect the brake system Professional Driver s Manual 35 Engine retarders Some vehicles have engine retarders to help slow the vehicle and assist in braking There are many types of retarders for example exhaust hydraulic and electric retarders Engine retarders should be used in addition to snubbing the brakes to ensure the vehicle is kept at the control speed and the engine stays below the governed rpm Engine damage could occur if the speed of the vehicle is allowed to push an engine over the governed engine speed The professional driver controls the speed of a vehicle so a stop can be made any time Vehicles may
21. beyond the side of the vehicle are not considered in the overall width of the vehicle and are allowed an additional 20 cm on each side of the vehicle Load securement devices are allowed to extend an additional 10 cm beyond the overall width on each side of the vehicle Drivers must be careful when operating large vehicles particularly on narrow bridges or roadways and in road construction areas Winter driving conditions can add to the width hazards particularly in the areas with a large build up of snow During such conditions the first rule of safety is to reduce speed Overwidth A permit is required for widths exceeding 2 6 m Generally to obtain a permit the load must be irreducible so you are not allowed to load two pieces of equipment side by side and exceed the normal 2 6 min width When the width exceeds 4 6 m escort vehicles equipped in accordance with The Highway Traffic Act and its regulations are required both in the front and rear of the escorted vehicle The permit may be subject to approval by local authorities Wide Load Sign Tipit Wide load signs must only be displayed when transporting a wide load Professional Driver s Manual 75 Length The final size factor facing the driver of large vehicles is length The driver of a truck for example which has an overhang over the rear axle must be extra careful in narrow roadways and alleyways when negotiating tight turns Allow for the over
22. driver may experience a condition called micro sleep This is a short period of time usually just seconds when the brain tunes out what is going on around it A driver will have no knowledge of the last few seconds or sometimes minutes cannot recall what has passed and may miss a highway exit or drive by a weigh station Fatigued drivers may also experience highway hypnosis where they become inattentive because of uninteresting terrain When this happens drivers may not be aware of their surroundings and will not be alert to changing traffic conditions They could tailgate a vehicle and not be aware of the potential danger until it is too late Professional Driver s Manual 15 Drivers who are extremely fatigued may fall asleep when driving down the highway Before this happens pull off the road and get some sleep Sleep hygiene is the length and quality of sleep a person receives daily It is important for drivers to obtain a sufficient amount of quality sleep The effects and onset of fatigue are different for each person It cannot be regulated or controlled other than by you It is important to watch for the warning signs and do what your body tells you The Canadian Trucking Association produced a publication called Straight Talk on Fatigue and Alertness It is a valuable guide and audio tape to help drivers identify the first signs and symptoms of fatigue They also have other audio tapes on fatigue t
23. for a Class 51 Intermediate Stage licence if carrying more than one passenger between the hours of midnight and 5 a m e must pass road test to advance to the Intermediate Stage minimum 15 months must wait 14 days for re test e driver must hold a valid licence of any class and stage e must pass knowledge test must wait seven days for re tests e must obtain Class 6M Motorcycle Training Course Stage licence in order to complete motorcycle training course The course is required before Class 6L Learner Stage licence is issued Contact Safety Services Manitoba for motorcycle course scheduling and fees e minimum nine month Learner Stage e must pass road test to advance to the Intermediate Stage minimum 15 months must wait 14 days for re test e must pass knowledge test e must pass Air Brake practical test for A Authorized endorsement e must pass adjustment of the manual slack adjusters for S Slack Adjuster endorsement e no additional charge for the Air Brake practical test if it is completed at the same time you are road tested for a higher class of licence l Abus is any vehicle with a seating capacity of at least 11 persons including the driver used primarily to carry passengers It excludes vehicles used for personal transportation by the owner or with the owner s permission 2 School bus certificate is required For further information contact Manitoba Education Training and Youth Pupil Transportation at 204 945 6
24. front wheels of the tractor must be turned in the opposite direction you want to move the rear of the trailer To do this place your hand on the bottom of the steering wheel and move your hand and the steering wheel in the direction you want the trailer to go Once the trailer is started in the direction you want it to go you must steer the tractor to follow the trailer or a jackknife position will be reached When the trailer has curved far enough the tractor steering wheel must be straightened so the tractor will follow in line with the trailer The tracking pattern of the tractor and trailer when backing is an S shaped curve Professional Driver s Manual 69 Straight line backing skill test Applicants on a Class 1 road test must do a straight line backing skill test as part of the road test The purpose of the straight line backing skill test is to evaluate the driver s basic skill in controlling the vehicle and judging the vehicle s position in relation to other objects The applicant will have to complete the straight line backing skill test in five minutes and will be allowed to pull the vehicle ahead three times The applicant will be backing the vehicle in a designated area with two parallel lines of cones 3 7 m apart and 18 5 m in length The cones represent two trailers parked at a loading dock between which the applicant must back the trailer without touching a cone or driving outside
25. given for low overhead non posted clearances such as e fire escapes in alley ways e vehicle entrance doors e building canopies overhanging the roadway e low wires across driveways e boulevard tree limbs overhanging the roadway In some areas overhead check bars and warning devices are installed so the driver can test the clearance of their vehicle During winter months snow build up on the highway can reduce overhead clearance 74 Professional Driver s Manual Overheight A permit is required when the height exceeds 4 15m Permits will be only issued for loads that cannot be reduced irreducible loads therefore you cannot have two pieces of equipment stacked one on top of the other exceeding 4 15 m in height The overhead clearance on bridges and signs will determine the maximum height allowed on a permit If the overall height exceeds 4 6 m the permit must be approved by the Manitoba Telecom Services and if the height exceeds 5 2 m Manitoba Hydro must also approve the permit The Highway Traffic Act states that both the owner and operator of a commercial vehicle will be held jointly responsible for any damage caused to an underpass due to the driver disregarding height warning signs Width The maximum legal width of a vehicle and its load is 2 6 m Vehicles transporting loose hay straw or fodder can be loaded to a maximum of 3 7 m overall width Side view mirrors and clearance lights that extend
26. growing priority fuel efficiency 10 Making smart choices 10 Caring for your vehicle 10 Smart driving practices 11 Starting your vehicle 11 Keeping up with road conditions 11 Driving defensively 12 Driving while impaired 13 Alcohol 13 Prescription drugs 13 Illegal drugs 13 What are the consequences 13 Criminal Code offences 14 Licence suspension for other Criminal Code convictions 14 Driving while suspended consequences 14 Safety considerations 15 Carbon monoxide poisoning 15 Emotions 15 Drowsiness and fatigue 15 Hours of Service Regulation 16 Border crossings 16 Seatbelts 17 Airbags 17 Distractions 17 Safety equipment 18 Vehicle fires Fire extinguishers Fire prevention Lighting reflectors and markers Headlights Night driving Vehicle operation Steering hand position Accelerator Clutch Double clutching When to change gears Engine RPM Automatic transmission Manual transmission Shift before starting down a hill Shift before entering a curve Shift before or after railway crossings Visibility and safety Danger zone Shrinking the danger zone Speed Weight Distance Timed interval following distance Four second rule when driving a taxi ambulance or van If you drive a bus truck or truck and trailer Traffic tempo Tailgaters Slow moving vehicles Braking Anti lock braking system ABS Combination braking Runaway lanes Engine retarders Checking tires wheels and fasteners Common driving conditions Passing Being pa
27. is brought to a stop in 30 m with a normal application of the brakes If the same vehicle carried 28 000 kg at 32 km h it would require eight times the braking force to stop the vehicle in 30 m This would be more braking force than the brakes could provide Professional Driver s Manual 29 Timed interval following distance Four second rule when driving a taxi ambulance or van Use the minimum four second rule to make sure the correct following distance is maintained Staying four seconds behind the vehicle in front will give the correct following distance at any speed How to use the four second rule 1 30 Professional Driver s Manual To set a four second distance watch Vehicle B ahead of you and when it passes a checkpoint on the roadway such as an overpass sign post or tar strip start to count When the rear of Vehicle B passes the object count out the seconds like this One thousand and one one thousand and two one thousand and three one thousand and four That s four seconds If you reach the object after the correct number of seconds you are following at the right distance for ideal driving conditions If on the other hand you reach the object before you have finished counting the correct number of seconds you are too close Drop back pick a new checkpoint and count again If you drive a bus truck or truck and trailer Round out the length of your vehicle to the
28. it is operating properly NOTES e Ifa vehicle is equipped with air brakes an air brake inspection will be conducted in conjunction with the pre trip inspection All applicants operating air brake equipped vehicles will be required to complete the air brake system pre trip inspection as outlined in the Air Brake Manual When upgrading your driver s licence from single to combination vehicles with air brakes you will be required to demonstrate the complete air brake steps for combination vehicles Inadequately completing the pre trip and or air brake inspection will result in the discontinuance and failure of the road test Professional Driver s Manual 115 All vehicles e Approach vehicle e Vehicle secure Engine compartment e Fluids e Drive belts hoses e Batteries e Frame rails and cross members Driving compartment in cab e Controls Emergency equipment if applicable Outside checks e Bumpers e Lighting equipment e Tailgate doors mirrors load e Safety sticker e Licence plates e Fuel tank e Exhaust system e Tires e Rims e Suspension e Splash guards e Hub oil if applicable Hydraulic brake inspection non air brake vehicles only at this point 116 Professional Driver s Manual Additional checks for combination vehicles Fifth wheel coupling device Air lines glad hands and electrical cord Landing supports and crank handle Sliding bogie locking bars pin if applicable Addi
29. may be necessary to travel over the centre line as the turn is made When this is necessary the driver must use extreme caution to make sure a Safe turn is made Left turns Turning a large vehicle requires more attention and care than turning a passenger car All left turns with buses as with other vehicles must be started in the left lane as close to the centre line or median as possible With the bus positioned approximately one metre from the centre line or median proceed straight until the intersecting curb line can be seen through the front left window Complete the turn as near as possible into the left lane of the street you are entering Narrow intersecting streets may require that you proceed straight ahead over the centre of the intersection before the turn can be started When this is necessary use caution Left turns from a one way street into a one way street will require the driver to adjust the turning arc in a Similar manner as in the right hand turn to avoid running over or scuffing the curb with the left rear wheels For more information on turning see Section 3 98 Professional Driver s Manual Leaving the curb The driver should not rely only on the side mirror to check that traffic is clear before pulling out but should also glance over the left shoulder to verify the Way is Safe A turn signal light is required when a bus leaves the curb The driver should not use the turn signal light until prep
30. nearest metre and divide by three to determine your count The count must never be less than four seconds even if the number arrived at using this formula is less than four Example If your truck and trailer are 14 4 m round to 15 m 15 3 five second count When road conditions change because of rain snow or ice lengthen the count to suit the changing conditions A quick look at how the vehicle ahead of you is being driven may tell you what to expect If the vehicle ahead is a tailgater frequent panic stops can be expected Never assume the other driver knows what they are doing A good driver maintains a safe following distance and has a longer lighter brake application when stopping This gives the driver behind plenty of notice that speed is decreasing Truck and trailer combination units need a longer stopping distance than most other vehicles because of the weight of the vehicle Brake adjustments tire condition and inflation along with load balance and weight are critical for safe stopping Traffic tempo The speed at which a vehicle travels should depend upon road and traffic conditions but the driver must also try to match this travelling speed with the surrounding traffic traffic tempo while staying within the speed limit The driver who travels faster than the traffic flow increases the chance of a collision This could be from not maintaining a safe following distance with traffic ahead and not l
31. of licence held A pre trip inspection and air brake inspection may also be required Drivers may change to a lower driver s licence classification if they do not wish to hold the higher classification In such cases the medical requirements of the lower licence classification must be met For information regarding Medical Examination Report forms or questions about a medical condition please contact Manitoba Public Insurance Driver Fitness Box 6300 Winnipeg Manitoba R3C 4A4 Telephone 204 985 1900 Toll free 1 866 617 6676 Knowledge test The knowledge tests for Class 1 2 3 and 4 are based on this manual The knowledge test is not open book Authorized Instruction Upon meeting the above requirements the driver will be issued Authorized Instruction in the class of licence wanted Holders of Authorized Instruction for Class 1 2 3 and 4 must be accompanied by a person who holds a valid licence and has held a minimum Full Class 5 driver s licence for at least three years of which two years are the same class of licence being taught or operated The supervising driver must be in the seat nearest the driver and have less than 05 blood alcohol concentration Road test e A road test must be completed in a vehicle appropriate to the class of licence sought If you are uncertain please telephone your closest driver testing centre before the road test to be sure of the type of vehicle to bring for the test e A
32. on the next working day D Road test Applicants for a Class 1 2 3 or 4 driver s licence who have never held that class of driver s licence from any jurisdiction must wait at least two weeks after they are issued Authorized Instruction in that class before taking a road test Drivers must also hold a minimum Class 5F driver s licence The road test not only measures your ability to operate a specific class of vehicle it also identifies errors that need to be corrected You will be required to operate your vehicle in typical traffic situations in a safe and legal manner You will be evaluated on your driving skills Only authorized Manitoba Public Insurance employees may ride with you during the test A pre trip inspection of the vehicle will also be needed for Class 1 2 3 and school bus tests Please make sure you check in 15 minutes before your appointment time You must bring a vehicle in good working order and produce a Vehicle Registration Certificate confirming the vehicle is properly registered and insured License plates must be properly stickered to confirm registration and insurance as well as the display of any other required stickers for example vehicle inspection stickers Failure to do so may result in the cancellation of the road test Only one road test per class of licence Class 1 to 4 is allowed per day You may repeat a road test Class 1 to 4 on the next working day New residents New resident
33. pre trip inspection of the vehicle is part of this test and is explained later in this manual Road test charges are not refundable if the test is cancelled because the vehicle fails to meet vehicle standards under The Highway Traffic Act and its regulations Vehicles must have an adequate clean dry seat and seating area for the driver examiner e An inspection of the air brake system is required if the vehicle has air brakes Applicants must ensure they have the necessary tools and equipment to do a brake adjustment on air brake equipped vehicles The Air Brake Manual gives information on air brake system inspection and adjustment e Inadequately completing the pre trip and or air brake inspections will result in stopping and failure of the road test e You must produce your valid vehicle registration before your road test Failure to do so will result in a non refundable road test cancellation For information regarding driver testing call In Winnipeg 204 985 7000 Toll Free 1 800 665 2410 or visit a Service Centre or mobile testing unit in your area Professional Driver s Manual 7 Commercial drivers licence United States A Manitoba Class 1 2 3 or 4 driver s licence is acceptable as a Commercial Driver s Licence CDL in the United States For operation under the United States Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FMCSA you must be 21 years of age and carry a completed medical card Drivers operati
34. restrictions In spring as the ground thaws the base a highway is built on will soften If trucks of normal weights were allowed to travel on this soft highway it would cause damage For this reason certain highways are restricted to the amount of weight that can be hauled on them Roadways are posted with the proper signs alerting the driver to the restricted weight Drivers convicted of using a weight restricted road with a vehicle whose weight is over the allowable weight limit must pay fines based on the difference between the actual weight and the allowable weight Liability for damage by overweight vehicles The Highway Traffic Act states that both the owner and operator of an overweight vehicle will be held jointly responsible for any damage it causes to any part of a highway Bridges When approaching a bridge the driver must observe the weight limit sign posted to ensure that the total vehicle and load weight is not in excess of the maximum safe weight More detailed information about size and weight regulations for groups of axles can be obtained by contacting Transportation Regulation Weigh stations All trucks or combination of trucks with a registered GVWR of 4 500 kg or higher must report as directed by signs to weigh stations Weigh stations are located throughout the province Signs are posted before the weigh station telling the driver to report to the weigh station to weigh axles measure dimensions
35. steps for combination vehicles Inadequately completing the trip and or air brake inspection will result in the discontinuance and failure of the road test All vehicles Class 1 2 3 and Class 4 buses Inspect 1 Approach vehicle and check 1 1 Vehicle body for damage 1 2 Under vehicle and fuel tank for fluid leaks 2 Enter driving compartment and check 2 1 Park brake is applied 3 Engine compartment check 3 1 Fluid levels to ensure adequate power steering fluid oil coolant do not remove radiator cap if hot transmission fluid windshield washer fluid brake fluid if hydraulic brake system Drive belts for tension cracking and wear Radiator for leaks and security Hoses and components for wear and leaks Frame rails and cross members for cracks and bending Driving compartment check Seat and seatbelt is adjusted and in good shape Inspection method Visual Visual Visual Visual and Manual Visual and Manual Visual and Manual Visual and Manual Visual Visually check that the seat is anchored Manually operate the seat and ensure adjustment is correct Visually and manually check seatbelt webbing and retractor assembly Report if Damage that may affect safe operation Excessive fluid leaks Inoperative If levels are low fill adequately Belt deteriorated or loose Leaks or loose Leaks or deteriorated Insecure cracked or broken Visibly shifted cracked
36. the turning radius of the front wheels and the amount of off track of the rear wheels Turning radius The wheel on the inside of the turn must pivot sharper to travel on the shorter radius than the wheel on the outside of the turn Off track The rear wheels of the vehicle do not pivot and therefore will not follow the same path as the front wheels The greater the distance wheel base between the front wheels and the rear wheels of the vehicle the greater the amount of off track The off track path is a shorter radius than the path of the front wheels sus CLLLLL J r antcmsus one On a combination vehicle such as a tractor trailer the rear wheels of the tractor will off track The rear wheels of the trailer will off track even more A combination of a tractor pulling a pup trailer with a draw bar has different turning characteristics than that of the tractor trailer The off track of these vehicles is dependent upon the length of the draw bar and the wheel base of the vehicles The driver of a large vehicle must lead the turning arc of the front wheels in accordance with the sharpness of the curve and the amount of off track of the vehicle Professional Driver s Manual 61 A curve to the right requires keeping the front wheels close to the centre line to prevent dropping the rear wheels off the pavement onto the shoulder of the road A curve to the left requires keeping the front wheels close
37. the vehicle Move the vehicle forward and apply the service brakes Also move vehicle ahead and apply electric trailer brakes if applicable Report if Brake warning indicator lamp operates continuously or when brake is applied Pedal moves towards the floor more than 65 per cent Park brake fails to hold vehicle Brake pull exists or brake performance appears to be less than adequate Trip inspection tear out sheet You may use this checklist for your test Do not add to or write on this form If altered it cannot be used on the test The Professional Driver s Manual has specific inspection information that must be studied prior to the test Note The Commercial Vehicle Trip Inspection Regulation contains Schedules that outline what components need to be inspected and what constitutes a minor or major defect These are the schedules that must be carried when operating commercial vehicles on Manitoba public roads and highways Key points e You need to locate the items to be checked and tell the examiner how and what you check on that part Never assume the examiner has enough information and delete items When the examiner is satisfied in your knowledge of the area you may be asked to move along e The pre trip inspection should be done in a systematic manner to conserve time It should take no more than 20 minutes to complete e If using a trailer with electric brakes the system must be inspected to ensure
38. to remain in your lane These winds can also cause the trailer being towed to sway or whip To maintain control you should e Reduce your speed e Crip the steering wheel firmly e Compensate gently for the wind gusts as soon as the vehicle moves off course even slightly e Avoid passing other vehicles e Increase your following distance e Keep away from other vehicles on either side on multi lane roads 52 Professional Driver s Manual Hydroplaning This can occur when a combination of speed tire wear tire inflation or depth of the water on the roadway causes the tires to lose traction In wet weather tires will cut through water wet snow and slush to maintain contact with the roadway at speeds of less than 50 km h Hydroplaning could still occur at under 50 km h if the tires are excessively worn or bald under inflated or if the water on the roadway is very deep At higher speeds 70 km h and higher the wedge of water in front of the tires may pass under the tires and the tires will ride on the cushion of water Traction will be greatly reduced To prevent hydroplaning e Check your tires for wear and inflation regularly e Reduce your speed even more when facing standing water and puddles e Drive in the tracks of preceding vehicles Wet brakes Water entering the brake drums will reduce braking efficiency Avoid driving through large puddles whenever possible If it is necessary to drive through wat
39. to the right edge of the pavement to prevent the rear wheel from crossing into the other traffic lane 62 Professional Driver s Manual When crossing a narrow bridge with a curved approach drivers of larger vehicles must exercise extra caution and skill These drivers must be familiar with the amount of off track of the vehicle and approach accordingly Turning at intersections When making turns a great deal of skill is needed along with an awareness of other vehicles obstacles or the lack of space that can add to the difficulty of the turn When turning drivers must think about the length of the vehicle and the influence it will have on the path the vehicle will take The off track of the rear wheels will be greater at intersections as the vehicle is turning sharper and drivers may have to use different methods mentioned later in this section for making turns to ensure they are completed safely Turning safely To make a turn safely the approach to the turn is very important Generally the following method should be followed when approaching the intersection e Adjust your speed to avoid having to brake while turning e Check your mirrors and blind spot then turn on your signal light e Select the appropriate gear that will let you complete the turn without taking your hands off the steering wheel to change gears e Approach the intersection in the appropriate lane and determine what path you will use to complet
40. windshield washer fluid b Drive belts c Radiator d Hoses and components e Frame rails and cross members Q v Driving compartment a Seat and seat belts Db Mirrors c Windshield wiper and washer d Horn e Lights f Steering wheel free play g Gauges and warning lights h Accelerator pedal i Heater and defroster j Windshield and windows G o o o ee ee ee ee C d e f 8 Walk around c Tires a Grill and front bumper d Rims spacers and fasteners licence plate e Hub oil b Headlights high and low f Suspension beam clearance lights Springs identification lights taillights stop lights side marker lights licence plate light reflectors hazard lights and turn signals mounting hardware suspension components air Suspension system air leaks g Frame rails and cross members h Doors windows grab handles and mirrors 104 Professional Driver s Manual h i j k 1 m y bq ie hy Fi er CE C d f 8 i Safety inspection sticker j Fuel tanks brackets steps and caps k Batteries l Exhaust system m Cab securement n Load securement o Side of vehicle for damage p Rear tailgate doors q Under ride protection r Landing supports s Sliding bogie locking bars C d f 5 O Emergency equipment a Flags flares or reflectors b Fire extinguisher c First aid kit 8 Tr c d e f g c d e f g 7 Trail
41. with an ABS apply the brakes as normal to stop in time When the ABS starts working do not release the pressure you have applied to the brake pedal Avoid pumping the brakes as the system automatically applies and releases the brakes up to five times per second much faster than you can pump the brake pedal When using an engine brake and you encounter a slippery road surface the ABS will detect the wheel lock up and automatically turn off the engine brake until traction is regained then resume engine braking For information specific to your vehicle refer to the operator s manual Combination braking On combination vehicles such as a truck and trailer or tractor trailer equipped with an air brake system the trailer brakes are applied along with the tractor brakes by use of the foot valve This is often referred to as balanced braking The application pressure of the trailer brakes is equal to the application pressure of the tractor brakes The trailer brakes may be applied independently of the tractor brakes by use of the hand control valve If the driver wishes the amount of application on the trailer brakes may be increased during a foot valve application by using a higher application with the hand valve Trailers equipped with electric or vacuum brakes are operated in a similar manner Caution must be exercised in making brake applications when the vehicle is negotiating a curve or travelling on wet or icy surface
42. 75 mm 87 mm 87 mm 100 mm 45 mm 50 mm 55 mm 60 mm 8 mm Inspect 4 5 Horn is working and audible 4 6 Windshield wipers and washer operation 4 7 Heater defroster operation 4 8 Instrument lights are operational Turn signal indicators operational High beam indicator operational 4 9 Condition and cleanliness of windows and windshield 4 10 Adjustment and cleanliness of exterior and interior mirrors 5 Emergency equipment check 5 1 Flags flares or reflectors are present if applicable 5 2 Fire extinguisher is charged and stowed correctly if applicable 5 3 First aid kit is present if applicable 6 Vehicle outside checks 6 1 Grill hood and front bumper are secure licence plate s valid and clean Inspection method Activate system Visual and Manual Activate system Visual and Manual Visual Visual Visual Visual Visual Visual and Manual Report if Horn fails to sound or is below a reasonable audible level Windshield wipers fail to wipe approximately 75 per cent of the windshield or contact the windshield properly or return to the park position Windshield washer fails to apply solution to intended area of the windshield Defroster motor fails to operate in all selected positions Airflow does not provide for unobstructed view through windshield Not operating Star or chip 12 7 mm or greater in diameter or any intersecting cracks in glas
43. 900 3 Mopeds are not allowed to be driven on highways with a speed limit exceeding 80 km h but may cross these highways Class 1 Road Test 50 Class 2 Road Test 45 Class 3 Road Test 45 Class 4 Road Test 35 Knowledge Test 10 Class 5 Road Test 30 Knowledge Test 10 Class 6 Road Test 30 Knowledge Test 10 Practical Test 30 Knowledge Test 10 All charges are subject to change The class licence system Manitoba s class licence system recognizes the professional from the non professional driver To promote safety for all road users drivers must meet vision medical knowledge and skill standards in order to operate a particular class of vehicle Who must take a driver test You must take a driver test for the class of vehicle you wish to drive if you e have never been licensed for that class of vehicle e have not held a Manitoba licence within the past four years e hold a licence from outside Canada the United States or from other jurisdictions whose licences are not exchangeable You may be required to be re tested if you e have been involved in traffic accidents or have convictions e have had your licence suspended e have a disease or disability that may affect your ability to drive safely Authorized Instruction To learn to drive Class 1 to 4 vehicles drivers must apply for Authorized Instruction in the class of vehicle they want to drive To obtain Authorized I
44. Dangerous Goods Surface Transportation 204 344 Edmonton Street Winnipeg Manitoba Telephone 204 983 5969 Transporting livestock The operator of a vehicle that is engaged in the transportation of livestock is responsible for making sure that such transporting is in compliance with the conditions outlined in The Highway Traffic Act When transporting livestock the operator must keep the vehicle clean and not overcrowded mm ad Cruelty to livestock is against the law No person while transporting livestock or other animals in a motor vehicle shall permit any damage or injury to any of the animals or transport animals in such a way as to cause unnecessary suffering to any of them Also when transporting livestock the vehicle shall be equipped with partitions adequate to separate different species kinds classes types or sizes of livestock Animals tend to shift back and forth and side to side to balance themselves while they are standing in a moving vehicle This is important for the driver to know when negotiating curves on the highway as it may change the centre of gravity of the vehicle Professional Driver s Manual 89 Transporting hanging meat Hanging meat which is usually transported in a refrigerated vehicle can be very unstable because of the load having a high centre of gravity When going around sharp corners changing speed accelerating or braking the driver must be extra cauti
45. Driver s Manual Driving while impaired Alcohol Impaired drivers are some of the most dangerous unpredictable people on our roads and cause about one third of all traffic deaths in this province This is why in Manitoba the laws for drinking and driving are severe If your ability to drive is impaired you may be charged with impaired driving regardless of the level of alcohol found in your blood The safest rule to follow is if you drink don t drive Impaired drivers usually fail to recognize they are impaired Alcohol or drug impairment delays reaction times distorts vision and impairs judgment Never mix drugs and alcohol even in small quantities Remember alcohol is a depressant not a stimulant It reduces alertness and slows normal reflexes If you ve had too much to drink black coffee food or a cold shower won t sober you up only time will eliminate alcohol from your body Possession of alcohol in a commercial vehicle is strictly prohibited in the United States unless it is part of the load and is manifested In Manitoba alcohol must be out of the reach of the driver and the seal cannot be broken Prescription drugs Tranquillizers antidepressants sleeping pills and similar prescription drugs can affect driving ability even if taken in the prescribed dosage If you drive while impaired by medication you can be charged with driving while impaired and face the same consequences as if you were imp
46. Professional Driver s Manual 7 1 10 11 12 Open the tractor supply valve to charge the trailer Apply the trailer brakes test for application and release if trailer brakes do not release air lines may be crossed Re apply the trailer brakes and back under the trailer until the fifth wheel coupler jaws lock on the trailer kingpin Pull the trailer with a gentle tug forward with the trailer brakes applied to test if the coupler is locked Apply the parking brake Look under the trailer and visually check that the fifth wheel coupler jaws are properly locked around the kingpin and the trailer is resting flat on the fifth wheel 13 Raise the landing supports and securely stow the crank On air ride trailers supply airbag suspension with air 72 Professional Driver s Manual Uncoupling a tractor and trailer The following are approved steps to follow when uncoupling a tractor and trailer 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Set the spring parking brakes Block the trailer wheels on grades or always on trailers without spring parking brakes Check where the landing support pads will contact the ground to ensure that the surface is firm enough to support the trailer use blocks if necessary On trailers with manually operated air ride suspension exhaust the air from the suspension airbags On some trailers the suspension airbags will deflate automatically when the trailer supply valv
47. Professional Driver s Manual Manitoba Public Insurance Introduction As an applicant for a professional Class 1 2 3 or 4 driver s licence you will need to know the information given in this manual and the Driver s Handbook These manuals contain the basics of safe professional driving As a professional driver you will have to ensure your vehicle is properly maintained by performing commercial truck inspections in compliance with the Commercial Vehicle Trip Inspection Regulation MR 95 2008 and when necessary in service and pre hill inspections Drivers must know and obey all laws and regulations for the areas in which they are operating and can be held responsible if they do not obey Before learning to drive a Class 1 2 3 or 4 vehicle you must get authorized instruction in the class of vehicle you want to be licensed in This manual will explain the types of driver s licences available and how to go about getting one When you are ready Manitoba Public Insurance will test your ability to operate the class of vehicle you wish to drive This manual is for general information only For specific information see The Highway Traffic Act and or The Drivers and Vehicles Act and regulations All charges additional premiums and fines are subject to change Sales of this manual are final and not refundable The class licence system Allows the licence holder to operate Manitoba licence class 1 ia F J S
48. a wrench detects a loose lug nut that unit must be taken to a proper service centre and inspected by a qualified technician When a lug nut is being torqued and the nut is tight if more than of a turn with a torque wrench is needed this could indicate a more serious problem exists with the assembly It should be disassembled by a qualified person to determine the cause Drivers can look for cracks in the rim obvious looseness in nuts and slippage If unsure contact a qualified person 38 Professional Driver s Manual When the entire assembly fails it is usually the result of a bearing failure It is difficult for a driver to detect this on a pre trip inspection However there will be warning signs such as oil leaks from the bearing assembly and extremely hot wheel hubs The driver should check to ensure that the vehicle is maintained in flawless condition at all times During a trip the driver should stop every few hours to check the condition of the wheels for example loose lug nuts oil leaks slippage on the rim When a wheel or wheel assembly becomes separated it will actually travel faster than the speed of the vehicle The reason for this is the tire is no longer under load The average weight of a truck tire is about 181 kg An 181 kg object moving at 100 km h could do a lot of damage to other vehicles and persons if it were to come into contact with them When the tire stops it may remain in the roadway becomin
49. aired by alcohol Discuss the possible effects of any medication with your doctor or pharmacist Always carry prescription drugs in their original containers Illegal drugs Illegal drugs may cause hallucinations hostility and aggressiveness in addition to dulling normal thought processes and slowing down eye hand coordination What are the consequences Manitoba s tough laws on driving while impaired apply to all motor vehicles including implements of husbandry special mobile machines tractors and off road vehicles as well as vessels and aircraft or railway equipment A vessel includes all craft usually larger than a row boat designed to navigate on water including hovercrafts Source Traffic Accident Report Database 2013 Tiered Administrative Licence Suspensions If you operate a motor vehicle with a blood alcohol concentration between 05 and 08 or fail a physical coordination test or drug recognition evaluation you are subject to an immediate Tiered Administrative Licence Suspension Tiered Administrative Licence Suspensions are progressively longer suspensions ranging from 72 hours to 60 days depending on how many previous suspensions have been issued to the driver within a 10 year period e 72 hour driver s licence suspension for a first occurrence e 7 day driver s licence suspension for a first occurrence with a person under the age of 16 in the vehicle e 15 day driver s licence suspension for a second
50. al and checks are performed and it can be done safely Lane changes should never be conducted at intersections or over solid pavement markings 40 Professional Driver s Manual Curves A vehicle travelling in a straight line has a force called momentum The higher the speed the greater the momentum A vehicle travelling around a curve develops a force called centrifugal force The higher the speed the greater the centrifugal force The two forces momentum and centrifugal conflict with each other because centrifugal force tends to push a vehicle outwards from the centre of the curve in order to maintain straight line momentum Braking in a curve introduces a third force that reduces steering control and increases the effect of centrifugal force This can cause a rollover skid or jackknife This risk increases as a vehicle s size speed and weight increase In order to reduce the hazards lower your speed before you enter the curve and if needed gradually apply slight power while in the curve This will enable you to maintain better steering control of the vehicle while in the curve Centrifugal force Intersections Intersections are the crossing or meeting of two or more streets More accidents are likely to take place at intersections than in any other area of driving Knowledge of the right of way rules is essential for all drivers The defensive driver does not depend on other drivers to obey these rules To avoid
51. an odometer iii the carrier s name iv the date and time of inspection v the name of the urban municipality ora description of the highway location where the inspection was performed vi the legible printed name of the person who performed the inspection b arecord of the height and width of the vehicle and load and if subsection 7 7 applies in respect of the vehicle of the height and width of all loads carried by the vehicle since it was last inspected for the purposes of this regulation If a driver believes or suspects that there is a safety defect they must report that belief or suspicion to the carrier If the defect is a major defect as defined by the Commercial Vehicle Trip Inspection Regulation it must be 106 Professional Driver s Manual reported immediately and the vehicle is not allowed to be in operation Any other case must be reported in a timely manner Every commercial vehicle driver must have a current trip inspection report in their possession for the vehicle and any trailer attached Checking a vehicle before Starting out as required by law will often prevent costly delays as well as reduce the chances of an accident resulting from a mechanical failure Carrying out an efficient trip inspection in a minimum of time can be done by drivers who follow a systematic inspection For information on commercial motor vehicle and trailer trip inspections contact the Motor Carrier Division at 204 945 3890
52. ared to proceed from the curb Leaving the curb with a bus that has an overhang over the rear wheels requires the driver to use caution to avoid striking pedestrians poles or sign posts located close to the curb Cars parked close to the front of the bus and vehicles approaching in the opposite direction are factors which the driver must assess before moving the vehicle from the curb Parked car hazards Passing parked cars requires the driver be constantly alert for hazards such as cars pulling out without warning sudden opening of doors on the traffic side or pedestrians stepping out from between cars Watch for warning clues when passing a line of parked vehicles such as front wheels turned out driver sitting behind the wheel exhaust from tailpipes brake lights signal lights Professional Driver s Manual 99 Passenger safety The prime consideration of the driver is the safe operation of the vehicle This must take preference over maintaining schedules or any other factor that could contribute unsafe operation of the vehicle The driver operating a Class 2 or Class 4 vehicle must also consider of the comfort of passengers The operation of buses requires that the driver develop handling skills in accordance with the characteristics of the vehicle A knowledge of the turning radius amount of off track of the rear wheels overhang past the rear wheels and width of the vehicle are important factors the driv
53. at they do not obstruct the free passage of other vehicles and clean up any debris lying on the highway as the result of a collision Test yourself on Section 3 How well have you understood the information covered in Section 3 of this manual The answers to these questions are found in the preceding pages of this manual 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 What determines the amount of off track a vehicle will have What is the danger of allowing the rear wheels of the vehicle to cross over the centre line of the roadway when negotiating a left turn or curve What are the hazards of running rear wheels over curbs when making sharp turns to the right What precautions must the driver take before crossing the centre line of the roadway to negotiate a sharp turn to the right from a narrow roadway When it becomes necessary to block off more than one lane of traffic to negotiate a sharp turn what special precautions must the driver take What preventative measures should the driver take before entering a narrow bridge from a curved approach Why is it important that the driver know the height of the vehicle and load What are some of the low overhead clearance hazards that may not always be indicated by a warning sign What is the maximum legal height of a vehicle and its load What factors determine the maximum allowable GVWR for which the vehicle may be licenced Do load
54. be at least 18 years of age and be medically fit and able to operate vehicles safely by meeting the following standards Medical standards Medical examination report Applicants need to have a Medical Examination Report form filled in and signed and approved by Driver Fitness prior to taking the knowledge test Medical Examination Report forms are available from your Autopac agent or any Manitoba Public Insurance Service Centre Once your physician completes your medical report it is valid for six months You must obtain your authorized instruction within this six month time frame People with certain medical conditions may be prohibited from holding a Class 1 2 3 or 4 driver s licence However most people with medical conditions or physical disabilities may be considered for a higher licence class provided specific medical standards are met Drivers who are prohibited by the Registrar to apply for a higher licence class are informed of their right to appeal the decision to the Medical Review Committee once complete medical information is filed Hearing Drivers must meet specific hearing standards depending upon the class of licence desired and the type of goods transported If a hearing impairment exists an audiogram report may be required Hearing aids may be used to achieve the hearing standards Contact Driver Fitness see right for further information Vision Class 1 2 3 and 4 emergency vehicles drivers must
55. ble Some commonly used conversions are listed below Numbers have been rounded and therefore are not precise equivalents Length Converted Weight 1 inch 2 54 cm 10 000 lbs 4500kg 1 foot 30 48 cm 12 000lbs 5500kg 1 mile 1 61 km 20 000 lbs 9100kg 24 000 lbs 11000kg Volume l1 pint 0 571 Pressure 1 quart 1 131 pE 6 9 kPa 1 gallon 4 551 2 psi 13 8 kPa 3 psi 20 7 kPa Speed 4 psi 28 kPa 1 mph 1 61 km h l 5 psi 34 5 kPa 10 mph 15 km h 6 psi 41 4 kPa 15 mph 25 km h 20 psi 138 kPa 20 mph 30 km h 45 psi 311 kPa 30 mph 50 km h 50 psi 345 kPa 40 mph 60 km h 60 psi 414 kPa 50 mph 80 km h 80 psi 552 kPa 60 mph 100 km h 90 psi 621 kPa Converted Linear Measurements NE 725 kPa T 120 psi 828 kPa 8 6 2 60m i 125 psi 863 kPa 10 3 00m ee 150 psi 1035 kPa 12 6 3 80m 13 6 4 15m 14 420m 35 11 00m Abbreviations 38 11 50m mm millimetre 40 12 50m cm centimetre 45 14 00m l litre 60 18 50m km h kilometres per hour 65 20 00m m metre 100 30 00m kg kilogram 500 150 00 m kPa kilopascal Professional Driver s Manual 121 Notes 122 Professional Driver s Manual Organ and tissue donation Every year in Canada thousands of people wait for organ and tissue transplants You can make the difference in some of those lives Everyone has the potential to be an organ and tissue donor generally donors are healthy people of an
56. brake applications to avoid wheel lock up gentle pumping action on vehicles that are not equipped with anti lock brakes e avoiding sudden or jerky movements of the steering wheel e keeping windows and windshields clear inside and out as well as keeping wiper blades defrosters and lights in top condition so you can see and be seen e keeping enough ventilation in the cab and making sure exhaust systems are free from leaks e keeping alert for pedestrians ice patches bridge surfaces blind intersections snow plows and graders well ahead of the vehicle s path If the vehicle is equipped with a manual front brake limiting valve the driver can reduce the braking effort to the front wheels to improve the steering on slippery roads Reduced visibility When driving with reduced visibility e Reduce your normal driving speed if you can t see the road ahead e Turn your headlights on low beam to cut down on glare in dense fog heavy rain and snow The use of fog lamps may increase visibility e Slow down when you see headlights or taillights These lights may be on a vehicle that could pose a hazard to you until you know the vehicle is parked or moving on the roadway e Be prepared for an emergency stop If visibility becomes too poor to continue driving safely turn on your hazard flashers and cautiously pull off the travelled portion of the highway to stop in a safe location Wait until visibility improves before cont
57. ce is upset and the tire will generate more heat Never let air out of bleed down a warm tire Pressure should be checked and adjusted when the tires are cool This information is meant as a guide Consult your employer and manufacturer for specific tire requirements for the vehicle you operate Check the wheel lugs to ensure that there are no broken lugs or loose or missing wheel nuts A wheel separating from the axle of a moving vehicle is very dangerous as it can cause injury or even death There are two types of wheel failures 1 A wheel will come off the hub 2 The entire wheel assembly will become dislodged from the vehicle One of the main reasons why wheels come off trailers and trucks is improper maintenance after installation of a tire When a tire is installed the lug nuts are tightened on to the rim As the vehicle travels the rim will heat and expand When the vehicle stops the rim will cool and contract After this process is repeated it causes the lug nuts to loosen Professional Driver s Manual 3 7 After a rim is reinstalled it is important to retighten and torque the lug nuts to 210 260 ft Ib on five and six spoke cast wheels with 3 4 inch studs and 450 500 ft lb on disk wheels bud rims Also lug nuts should be retorqued at each major servicing of the vehicle or trailer During the driver s daily pre trip inspection it is impossible for the driver to check specific torque If the driver using
58. ck of the vehicle or load 3 Two lamps each of which casts a green or amber light visible from an oncoming vehicle and a red light visible from a vehicle approaching from the rear which are so positioned that one is on that portion of the vehicle or load that projects furthest to the right and one is on that portion of the vehicle or load that projects furthest to the left 82 Professional Driver s Manual Farm equipment on roads When outside of cities drivers need to be watching for farm equipment that might be moving between fields Many farm implements are very large and oddly shaped and farm tractors combines and other equipment move very slowly with a maximum speed of 40 km h Drivers need to be aware that at highway speeds you will approach a piece of farm equipment unexpectedly quickly As well farm implements can sometimes take up more than half of the road width or if they are crossing a bridge can take up the full width of the bridge The most important thing to remember when approaching farm equipment on the road is to slow down well ahead of time and to look closely at the implement when passing or meeting it to make sure you know how wide and how long it is Remember a valid Class 5 Intermediate Stage licence or higher is required to operate heavy and agricultural equipment on provincial highways and roads in urban areas These types of vehicles include tractors self propelled farm equipment such as combines
59. cludes e a practical demonstration of a pre trip brake inspection along with a verbal explanation of the air brake components and their functions e a demonstration that shows you can adjust a manual slack Note If a driver s licence is air brake endorsed and the holder wishes to upgrade to a Class 1 the air brake practical demonstration for a combination vehicle must be successfully completed Section 2 Efficient and safe vehicle operation for all classes of vehicles A growing priority fuel efficiency As fuel costs are a significant portion of operating expenses independent drivers and major transport companies are trying to accurately budget for fuel costs and are actively searching for ways to keep those costs under control Of course money isn t the only consideration The environment is a key factor too Nearly 30 per cent of all greenhouse gas emissions in Canada are produced by the road transportation sector a significant portion of them from heavy duty vehicles Fortunately there are Many practical decisions you can make as a driver to be more fuel efficient from vehicle spec ing to at the wheel techniques and behaviours Making smart choices You may not be able to control gas prices but your driving habits can reduce the amount of fuel you burn Here are some steps you can take Preparation and planning e Plan your route carefully flat routes are more fuel efficient than mountai
60. crossing is marked by a crossbuck sign right When approaching railway crossings check both ways for trains and remember that they always have the right of way When stopping at a railway crossing keep at least five metres away from the nearest rail in a restricted speed area and at least 15 m away ina non restricted speed area A restricted speed area is any area within a city town or village This includes any municipality or part of a municipality or any highway or portion of a highway designated by The Highway Traffic Board If you see a train coming get ready to stop Most motorists seriously misjudge the speed of trains thinking they travel much slower than they actually do It is also wrong to assume that trains must slow down at railway crossings Since many railway crossings do not have electronic signals warning you when to stop the most important rule to remember is that trains always have the right of way at all railway crossings In other words at railway crossings the safety of you and your passengers depends entirely on you the driver 46 Professional Driver s Manual Other safety points include When there is more than one set of tracks don t start across right after the train passes Make sure there isn t another train coming on the other track Half of all night rail highway crossing accidents are vehicles hitting trains To avoid these accidents slow down when you see the advance warni
61. cur when the force of acceleration is greater than the traction between the tires and the road surface This is more likely to occur when the road surface is slippery If the wheels start to spin the rear end of the vehicle may skid sideways Oversteering When driving around a curve a vehicle tends to want to travel in a straight line this is because of centrifugal force The faster you are moving and the sharper the curve the greater the centrifugal force will be If a vehicle is driven too fast into a curve there may not be enough traction to counterbalance the centrifugal force and it will result in a skid If you brake at this point the wheels will lock and you will skid even faster Skid control and recovery Before you can get control of the vehicle again the cause of the skid must be corrected For example if the skid was caused by overbraking the skid cannot be corrected as long as the wheels are locked Likewise if the skid was caused by a spinning wheel it is impossible to correct the skid if the wheel is spinning If the skid is caused by overbraking release the brake pedal so the wheels start to turn and the tires regain traction with the road surface If the skid was caused by downshifting into too low a gear press the clutch down and allow the vehicle to slow down If the skid is caused by overacceleration release the accelerator and let the wheels stop spinning Whether a skid is caused by o
62. d securely mounted all safety chains are attached securely Electrical cord is properly connected in good condition and stowed properly Trailer safety inspection decal is valid clean and visible if applicable Inspection method Visual Visual and Manual Visually inspect with engine running Visually and manually inspect air pressure at normal operating pressure Visual and Manual Visual Visual Visual Visual Visual Visual Report if Cap missing tank or lines leaking or insecure Loose Any leaks Cab not secure any door that does not close securely air leak airbag not inflated or bruised cab tilts to one side shock missing broken leaking or mounts loose Attachment points are cracked elongated or broken Securement equipment is stretched cracked broken or inadequate strength or insufficient tie down assemblies Any load not secured in adherence to the Cargo Securement Regulation Any exterior body panel that is damaged or deteriorated so that it constitutes a hazard Any compartment door that is loose or has missing or detached holding fixtures Load must be properly secured before moving If cannot securely close Insecure broken or protruding and is hazardous Cracked or insecurely mounted any weld that is broken or latch lock that is inoperative or eye or lunette worn more than 9 5 mm Insecure broken or protruding and is hazardous No decal pre
63. dian e Turn your left turn signal on about 30 m from the intersection 150 m outside cities towns or villages e Check your mirrors and make sure you know about the traffic around you e If you must stop at the intersection for a traffic light do so far enough back that you will be able to make your turn e As you approach the intersection make sure there is no traffic beside you and when the tractor is in the intersection steer to the right The tractor will swing out to the right Watch the trailer as it starts to move out to the right lane and when you know you can make the turn steer quickly to the left Continue scanning the intersection for danger and watch the trailer to make sure it does not go over the median or collide with traffic stopped on the road e The critical point is reached when the tractor is at the sharpest point of the turn in relation to the trailer as the left rear view mirror vision is limited e Steer the tractor into the lane closest to the centre line or median and the trailer will follow the turn should be finished in this lane e Turn off the turn signal ee ey 17 vy T m 2 i ai a ae Be Extended approach This turn would be used when the street you are turning from has traffic moving about you and the street you are turning onto is wide with lots of room to move A left turn with an extended approach is done as follows Approach in the median lane
64. e the turn safely Right turns For right turns at intersections the driver must take into account the fact that the rear wheels will follow a Shorter path than the front To make up for this the front of the vehicle can use all of the space available on the roadway to ensure that the rear wheels of the vehicle remain on the pavement and within 1 5 m from the curb or side of the roadway It is important for the rear of the vehicle to be in the correct approaching lane and to remain in the correct lane as the turn is completed to make sure another vehicle does not squeeze between the curb and the side of the vehicle The vehicle should complete the turn in the lane closest to the curb on the street that has just been entered Ifa vehicle is parked within 30 m of the intersection in the curb lane it is okay to turn into the next lane nearest the curb lane if it does not interfere with traffic Make sure that when you use all of the roadway to complete your turn you watch for pedestrians and other traffic Also do not drive over curbs sidewalks or the median As there are different ways of making a right turn the driver must decide which method to use taking into account the traffic on the roadway the size of the streets and the obstacles nearby such as hydro poles signs and light standards Remember the tractor can use any portion of the roadway that is available providing it does not bother other traffic while the rear wheels of th
65. e approach should be planned so the area to be backed into is seen on the approach e The vehicle should not be backed into the blind side when it is possible to back to the view side View side Blind side Professional Driver s Manual 43 e Vehicles should be backed out of traffic rather than into traffic Driver A has backed out of traffic When leaving the laneway traffic will be readily observed e Driver B has taken the easy way out of traffic but now faces the problem of backing into traffic to leave the laneway Before backing a vehicle when it is impossible to have a guide the driver must Step out of the vehicle and look at the backing area for hazards Check for clearances and obstacles above below to the sides to the rear and to the front of the vehicle Enter the cab sound the horn and observe both mirrors while backing very slowly A good practice is to sound the horn for each vehicle length travelled If the backing distance is long stops should be made to recheck behind above below to the sides and ahead Rather than making one long backing manoeuvre it is safer to make a series of short backing manoeuvres 44 Professional Driver s Manual Parking lots alleys and side roads Unattended or parked vehicles You are required to stop your vehicle immediately Prior to leaving a parked vehicle the driver must ensure before the sidewalk area extending across the road that the ve
66. e downs or binder cables have not loosened become slack or chaffed When brakes are applied an insecure load may shift forward Proper load securing Securing components Loads consisting of loose materials hauled in open boxes such as wood chips paper refuse gravel and stones should be covered with a tarpaulin to prevent littering the highway Tarpaulins must be checked for security as littering is an offence chargeable to the driver and the owner of the vehicle Side ledges of a box or trailer should be cleaned of debris before starting to avoid possible damage to other vehicles from debris falling off and hitting the vehicle The Cargo Securement Regulation adopts the National Safety Code for Motor Carriers Standard 10 Cargo Securement of the Canadian Council of Motor Transport Administrators which contains the specific load securement requirements for loads of logs dressed lumber metal coils paper rolls concrete pipe intermodal containers vehicles as cargo roll on roll off and hook lift containers and boulders General securement or containment provisions for all loads in general are also contained within the same code Any driver engaged in transporting freight is required to know the specific standards on the safe and proper securement of loads For information regarding the securement of loads contact Compliance and Regulatory Services at 204 945 3890 Professional Driver s Manual 81 Load
67. e is closed If the suspension airbags are not deflated prior to uncoupling the tractor and trailer the air may bleed out slowly and the trailer will roll forward and may damage the landing supports Lower the landing supports using high gear until the pads contact the ground then slide the handle shaft to the low gear and crank until the trailer weight is partially lifted off the tractor Unlock the fifth wheel coupler Release the spring parking brakes Apply the trailer brakes with the hand valve pull ahead slowly until the trailer kingpin is released from the fifth wheel Stop the tractor in this position in case the landing supports fail then the trailer would still be supported by the tractor Disconnect the air lines and electrical cable connect the glad hands to the dead end connectors if so equipped Pull the tractor clear of the trailer Vehicle and load dimensions Vehicles and their loads are limited to height width length and weight in accordance with The Highway Traffic Act and its regulations Provisions are made for issuing permits for vehicles carrying oversize or overweight loads Before transporting oversize loads overwidth overweight overheight or overlength the driver should make sure to have the proper permits Permits for highway movement are issued in accordance with The Highway Traffic Act and for city or municipal roads by the city or municipal authority For permits or information about p
68. e must file a medical report approved by Manitoba Public Insurance before a learner s licence can be issued Applicants who fail to meet the minimum medical standards will be denied a Class 1 to 4 licence In addition commercial class drivers are required to file periodic medical reports to ensure they have no medical conditions that may affect their driving ability Drivers with certain medical conditions may have to file more often The applicant must also meet the minimum Class 1 to 4 vision standards Applicants who fail to meet the minimum vision standards with or without corrective lenses cannot obtain a Class 1 to 4 licence If corrective lenses are required for driving this will be indicated on your licence A vision report may be needed Manitoba Health will NOT pay for third party requests for medical reports including related examinations tests or telephone calls to the physician Applicants are responsible for these costs C Knowledge test For a Class 1 2 3 or 4 licence and for air brake and school bus knowledge tests applicants must pass the knowledge test for the class of licence they are applying for This is not an open book test and cellphones or electronic devices cannot be used during the test The knowledge test charge is 10 subject to change per knowledge test Only one knowledge test per class of licence Class 1 to 4 is allowed per day You may repeat a Class 1 to 4 air brake or school bus knowledge test
69. e shown below By using the proper vehicle damage to the truck and tires and even serious accidents may be avoided 78 Professional Driver s Manual The proper place for the concentrated load illustrated below is just ahead of the rear axles with the longest side on the floor This loading distributes weight equally on all rear tires and reduces twisting and stress on the frame Uniform crosswise loading also prevents axle housing and wheel bearing overload A very heavy concentrated load should not be positioned against the cab as the distribution of load may cause the frame to bend perhaps permanently It will also overload the front tires and may even cause a blowout on a worn tire Difficult steering will also result The type of loading shown in the example below should never be permitted The frame could bend the rear tires are extremely overloaded and enough weight is taken from the front tires to make steering almost impossible A very heavy load should not be positioned on one side This overloads one spring and the tires on that side This loading could cause the brakes to lock the wheels on the lighter side and cause flat spots on the tires or a Skid on a wet surface The type of loading shown in the example below results from using the wrong vehicle for the job On rough roads loading your vehicle like this can make your truck pivot on its rear wheels taking the front wheels entirely off the road
70. e trailer Jackknifing can be the result of an uncontrolled skid The tractor s drive wheels lose traction and are pushed over to the left or right by the forward momentum of the trailer Skids can happen very quickly when the drive wheels lock or the tires lose traction If traction is lost it is important to quickly release the accelerator or brake 2 pedal depending on which is causing the tire to lose traction to get control back 12 13 14 1 10 11 Before reading further you should be able to answer these questions if you are trying to get a Class 1 2 3 or 4 driver s licence Answers to these questions are found in the preceding pages of this manual How can a driver anticipate a change in traffic signals when approaching an intersection If your vehicle is 11 5 m long what time interval count would you use under ideal road and traffic conditions What should a driver consider when picking a Safe driving speed In what way does a slow driver create a traffic hazard In what way does a fast driver create a traffic hazard What is the minimum following distance the driver of a commercial vehicle maintains when following another commercial vehicle outside of a restricted speed area What is the most effective way to deal with a tailgater What is the best way of reducing stopping distance What is meant by the danger zone of a vehicle What defensive m
71. e vehicle or trailer must remain approximately 1 5 m from the curb or side of the roadway Practise turning in the vehicle you drive as the size and shape of the vehicle will affect the way you choose to make the turn The next few pages have options on making right turns Professional Driver s Manual 63 Button hook Used when the only room available to manoeuvre is within the intersection the button hook is performed as follows e Approach in the curb lane or the lane closest to the right side of the road e Turn your right turn signal on about 30 m from the intersection 150 m outside cities towns or villages e Check your mirrors and make sure you know about the traffic around you e If you must stop at the intersection for a traffic light do so far enough back that you will be able to make your turn e Be sure there is no traffic beside you and when the tractor is close to the intersection steer to the left The tractor will swing out to the left Watch the trailer and when it starts to pull away from the curb steer quickly to the right Continue scanning the intersection for potential danger and watch the trailer to make sure it does not go over the curb but remains within 1 5 m from the curb e The critical point is reached when the tractor is at the sharpest point of the turn in relation to the trailer as the right rear view mirror vision is limited e Steer the tractor into the curb lane and the trail
72. easures can a driver take as they approach an intersection If the weight of the vehicle is doubled by how many times must the braking force be increased to stop the vehicle If the speed of the vehicle is doubled by how many times must the braking force be increased to stop the vehicle If the weight and the speed of the vehicle is doubled by how many times must the braking force be increased to stop the vehicle What is the best way of applying the brakes a on an icy road surface without ABS D to control the speed on a steep grade Professional Driver s Manual 57 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 How does a driver pick the control speed before going down any hill What is the advantage of using engine brake retarders Are engine brake retarders better at low engine rpm or high rpm Before going down a steep grade at what point should the driver gear down Why should the driver not signal another vehicle to overtake and pass What action should the driver take when being passed by a smaller vehicle What should the driver do when it is necessary to drive a vehicle through water on the highway Why should you avoid passing another vehicle when your difference in speed is only slight What is the effect of air turbulence on smaller vehicles How can backing accidents be prevented When a guide is us
73. eaving any space in front for a fast stop It also increases lane changes that are necessary to thread past slower vehicles along with more decisions that have to be made as more problems are created This increases the chance of making a wrong decision Also pushing through traffic along with faster driving may result in mental fatigue A steady safe speed can save money and help the environment by not burning as much fuel The driver who travels slower than the traffic tempo may increase the chance of a collision from behind or the sides Other drivers may become impatient and follow too closely or try to overtake when it is not safe to do so They may cut in after passing leaving the slow moving driver with little or no room for a quick stop Professional Driver s Manual 3 1 Tailgaters Drivers of large vehicles such as buses trucks and tractor trailers must rely on outside mirrors for their rear vision Tailgaters often sit in the blind spot directly behind large vehicles and may not be visible to the driver Tailgaters usually are persons who lack patience as well as foresight This loss of patience could be caused by another vehicle s speed and handling By observing traffic in the rear view mirrors drivers of large vehicles can protect themselves against tailgaters by making it easier for them to pass The tailgater is easier to deal with if they are ahead rather than behind It may not always be possible for t
74. ecal is valid clean and visible if applicable 110 Professional Driver s Manual Inspection method Visually and manually inspect the operation of all the lights except the hazard lights with the vehicle engine running and the headlights brake lights and all auxiliary lights illuminated Inspect hazard lights with the ignition headlights brake lights and auxiliary lights in the off position reflective marking present on side and rear of vehicle trailer Visual and Manual Visual Visual and Manual Visually inspect for noticeable Sag or lean Visual Visual Visual Report if Any light is missing or broken or fails to illuminate when its control device is actuated or any lens or reflector is broken cracked or missing reflective markings missing Any cords exposed due to Wear or damage or evidence of tread separation or low air pressure Insufficient tire tread depth Any abnormal bump or bulge Any tire in contact with another tire or any vehicle component other than a mud flap Torn insecurely mounted missing or not the full width of the tire track The lower end of the mud flap is more than than 350 mm from the ground Rim bent loose or cracked or mounting holes elongated Spacers cracked or not seated properly fasteners loose missing cross threaded or not flush with the stud Wheel or lock rim assembly show signs of cracking or severe damage Hub oil low Broken or
75. ed in backing a large vehicle what is the best position for the placement of the guide What are the three steps a driver should take before backing a large vehicle What precautions must be taken by the driver before leaving a vehicle parked on a grade What decides the amount of control the driver has over a vehicle on a curve What would be the effect on a vehicle that is travelling too fast in a curve Should the driver slow the vehicle in a curve or before entering the curve What is the effect of applying slight power in a curve What is meant by the term stale green light How can the driver safely test for an icy road surface 58 Professional Driver s Manual 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 Why should a driver reduce the speed of a vehicle at night What can the driver do to reduce night driving accidents When required to stop at a railway crossing within how many metres of the nearest track should the driver stop the vehicle When is the best time to check tire pressure Why should the driver avoid bleeding the pressure down on a hot tire Should a driver shift gears while the vehicle is crossing a railway track When parking near a railway crossing what is the minimum distance from the nearest track that a driver may park If you become drowsy when driving what is the best thing to do Why should water not be throw
76. ed of the vehicle has been decreased sufficiently the driver eases off the amount of brake application and the actual stop will be gradual The professional driver can perfect stops by practising the amount of brake application release required to prevent a jerk back at the actual stop This braking skill coupled with the factors of e looking ahead to anticipate stops e maintaining safe following distances e setting travelling speed in relation to seeing distance ensures a smooth stop every time This is one of the ways passengers judge the driver s skill Stopping a vehicle without anti lock brakes on an icy road surface will require the driver to lightly release or pump the brakes to prevent the wheels from locking up A slowly revolving wheel on an icy surface will be more effective than a locked wheel skidding on an icy surface Drivers going down steep grades such as a hill with a loaded vehicle should select a lower gear before starting downhill This will allow the vehicle to operate at the control speed Control speed is the speed at which the vehicle will travel downhill with the rpm just before governed speed or maximum rpm This is achieved by selecting the proper gear for the grade of the road and the engine in the vehicle Vehicles should be kept in gear throughout the descent as the vehicle should be slowing to down shift This would not be the case if a shift is attempted on a steep downgrade To proceed down
77. eep hill ahead drivers must comply Before proceeding down the grade truck drivers equipped with air operated braking systems must check compressor is maintaining full reservoir pressure slack adjusters for push rod travel and take up slack if required and you are authorized in slack adjustment check for air leaks security of glad hands and lines drums for overheating emergency valve operation Truck drivers equipped with hydraulic brake systems will check pedal reserve vacuum booster operating drums for over heating visual inspection for hydraulic fluid leaks You must stop and check your brakes when this sign is posted Professional Driver s Manual 117 Notes 118 Professional Driver s Manual Section 5 For your information Driver training schools Becoming a safe professional driver requires both education and experience Attending a driver training school will help you to obtain the necessary knowledge and skills Driver training schools and instructors are licensed by Manitoba Public Insurance Driver training instructors are required to meet certain licensing and testing requirements before being licensed to provide instruction For further information about Driver Training Schools and instructors please contact Driver Training Permit Unit Telephone 204 985 7928 Toll free 1 800 665 2410 Ext 7928 CE a i Fs 120 Professional Driver s Manual Metric conversion ta
78. eg Gasoline is UN 1203 A UN or NA Product Identification Number is required to be displayed on a placard if the dangerous goods other than dangerous goods included in Class 1 or Class 7 are transported in bulk or are described in the Federal Regulations The marks of safety vou D ey cy MM e Class 1 Explosives 1 1 A substance or article with a mass explosion hazard 1 2 A substance or article with a fragment projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard 1 3 A substance or article that has a fire hazard along with either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection or both but not a mass explosion hazard 1 4 A substance or article that presents no significant hazard explosion effects are largely confined to the package and no projection or fragments of appreciable size or range are to be expected 1 5 A very insensitive substance that nevertheless has a mass explosion hazard like those substances in 1 1 1 6 An extremely insensitive substance that does not have a mass explosion hazard Class 2 Gases 2 1 A flammable gas red 2 2 Anon flammable gas green 2 2 An oxidizing gas yellow 2 3 A poisonous gas white 2 4 A corrosive gas white with compressed gas cylinder Class 3 Flammable liquids A liquid with a closed cup flash point of not greater than 61 C Class 4 Flammable solids Substances liable to spontaneous combustion Substances that on contact with water emit fla
79. egulation e Cargo Securement Regulation 8 Professional Driver s Manual e Vehicle Weights and Dimensions on Classes of Highways Regulation e Commercial Vehicle Trip Inspection Regulation e The Highway Traffic Act e The Criminal Code of Canada e The Drivers and Vehicles Act Individuals can get a copy of their own driver abstract either commercial or non commercial by applying and paying the required fee An employer must have written permission from an individual before a copy of an employee s or potential employee s driving record will be released to him or her The fee for the Commercial Driver Abstract is the same as the fee for the non commercial Driver Abstract For more information contact Manitoba Public Insurance Driver Records Box 6300 Winnipeg Manitoba R3C 4A4 Telephone 204 985 0980 Toll free 1 866 323 0544 Facsimile 204 954 5357 Vehicles with air brakes If a vehicle has an air brake system the operator must have an air brake endorsement on their driver s licence The endorsement is shown in the Air Brake section on the driver s licence certificate To obtain an air brake endorsement you must pass a knowledge test and a practical test based on the Air Brake Manual This manual is available at your Autopac agent or Manitoba Public Insurance Service Centres throughout the province at a nominal charge The air brake test is carried out on a vehicle supplied by the applicant and in
80. emi trailer trucks including all vehicles in Classes 2 3 4and 5 Buses having a seating capacity of over 24 passengers while carrying passengers school buses having a seating capacity over 36 passengers while carrying passengers Includes all vehicles in Classes 3 4 and 5 Trucks with more than two axles including any combination of vehicles OR a truck with two axles towing a vehicle witha registered gross vehicle weight of more than 4 540 kilograms but does not include a semi trailer truck Includes all vehicles in Classes 4 and 5 Taxis ambulances and other emergency vehicles buses witha seating capacity between 10 and 24 passengers while carrying passengers and school buses with a seating capacity between 10 and 36 passengers while carrying passengers Includes all vehicles in Class 5 Passenger cars a bus while not carrying passengers trucks with two axles and any combination of vehicles consisting of a truck with two axles and a towed vehicle with a registered gross 16 vehicle weight of up to 4 540 kilograms May operate Class 3 vehicles if registered as a farm truck and the driver holds a Class 51 Intermediate Stage licence or 5F Full Stage licence May operate a moped if 16 years of age or older 1 D VA Note A person must hold a valid minimum Class 51 Intermediate Stage licence to operate a special mobile machine implement in high school of husbandry or tractor on a provincial highway
81. er will follow the turn should be finished in the curb lane e Turn off the turn signal ATT 64 Professional Driver s Manual Extended approach This turn would be used when the street you are turning from has traffic moving around you and the street you are turning onto is wide with ample room to manoeuvre il y g m L A right turn with an extended approach is completed as follows e Approach in the curb lane or the lane closest to the right side of the road e Turn your right turn signal on about 30 m from the intersection 150 m outside cities towns or villages e Check your mirrors and make sure you know about the traffic around you e Scan the intersection for possible danger and take the necessary steps e Drive straight into the intersection and start turning when your vehicle is well into the intersection Check the right rear view mirror and make sure the rear wheels do not drive over the curb but stay 1 5 m away from the curb Continue the turn until the vehicle is around the corner and end the turn in the lane closest to the curb e Turn off the turn signal Lane straddling This type of turn should only be used as a last resort It can be very dangerous as traffic may try to pass on the right side of your vehicle and it can also be confusing to other traffic on the roadway Use this type of turn when the street being turned onto is very narrow or space is limited RE EE
82. er hitch a Fifth wheel b Plate and kingpin Professional Driver s Manual 105 Vehicle condition Every driver of a commercial motor vehicle and some private use vehicles must carry out and log a commercial vehicle trip inspection as outlined in The Highway Traffic Act and the Commercial Vehicle Trip Inspection Regulation MR 95 2008 A commercial motor vehicle is a a motor vehicle with a GVWR of 4 500 kg or more that is a public service vehicle or commercial truck b a bus with a seating capacity of 11 or more including the driver that is used for transportation of persons or property on a highway for gain or compensation c a school bus The inspection will take place once every 24 hours that the vehicle is in service There is also an alternative inspection schedule for buses and motor coaches Please see the Commercial Vehicle Trip Inspection Regulation for details Regardless of the maintenance policies of companies or vehicle owners all drivers must be capable of determining if their vehicle is in safe operating condition as outlined in The Highway Traffic Act and the Commercial Vehicle Trip Inspection Regulation A person who carries out a commercial vehicle trip inspection in accordance with the regulation must make a trip inspection report in legible writing that contains the following a i the licence plate or unit number of the vehicle ii the vehicle s odometer reading if it is equipped with
83. er must know for the skillful handling of the vehicle Many passenger accidents have been attributed to improper operation by the driver e stopping improperly at the loading zone e loading or unloading passengers when unsafe to do so e unnecessary sudden stops or starts with standing passengers e sharp turns at excessive speed e improper operation of bus doors Accidents of this type are preventable Inside lights A public passenger vehicle should have a light or lights inside the vehicle that will light up the whole of the interior of the vehicle As well public passenger vehicles should have a lamp at each entrance door to light the entrance or exit steps of the bus Cleanliness of vehicles A public passenger vehicle should be kept clean and Sanitary at all times 100 Professional Driver s Manual Vehicle inspection The Registrar may require the owner or operator of a commercial vehicle to have their vehicle inspected to make sure that it is in a safe condition and complies with The Highway Traffic Act and its regulations Defects and breakdowns During a trip parts of a public passenger vehicle may become defective If continuing the trip would endanger the safety or comfort of any passenger the vehicle should be brought to a stop It should not proceed with passengers until the defect is remedied or the danger is removed If the vehicle is unable to proceed because of an accident or breakdown the driver sh
84. er on the roadway lightly apply the brakes when approaching and place a slight drag on the brakes while driving through the water The slight drag placed on the brakes will reduce the amount of water entering the brake drums and shoes During excessively wet conditions or after driving through water test the brakes for safe operation by putting on the brakes slightly for a short distance to dry them out and restore normal braking Speed should be reduced before driving through large pools of water on the roadway Professional Driver s Manual 53 Skids and their causes Most skids are caused by travelling too fast for the road conditions Skids occur when tires lose their grip on the road surface This could occur from overbraking overaccelerating or oversteering especially when negotiating a curve Overbraking Overbraking will cause the wheels to lock which could result in a skid When a tire is skidding it has almost no traction so the tire will slide over the road surface Since the lack of traction usually affects the drive wheels first rear wheel drive vehicles the rear end of the bus or straight body truck will begin to skid This will result in a longer stopping distance required and may also result in the rear end of the vehicle skidding sideways If driving a tractor trailer using the trailer brakes alone can cause the vehicle to jackknife 54 Professional Driver s Manual Overaccelerating A skid will oc
85. ermits contact the provincial or municipal authorities Motor Carrier Permits and Development Telephone 204 945 3961 Toll free 1 877 812 0009 The conditions of the permit may state additional safety measures such as the use of a pilot vehicle flags signs or lights The driver must comply with these requirements Regardless of the licence or permit issued a driver must obey all signs posted by Manitoba Transportation and Government Services that limit the dimensions or weight of loads on any portion of the highway To help the driver avoid damage to the vehicle and its load and possible injury to other users of the highway the driver must be alert to the warning signs at right It is important to observe these signs and take the appropriate action because in Manitoba the driver or company are charged if a highway or structure is damaged by their vehicle or its load 1 O DOS S er Pavement narrows ahead Narrow bridge ahead Low structure clearance 4 1 metres Truck route No trucks allowed Heavy trucks must not travel in this lane Weight restriction for a roadway or bridge of 10 tonnes Professional Driver s Manual 7 3 Height The driver must know the total height of the vehicle and load at all times The maximum height of a vehicle on a highway is 4 15 m unless otherwise stated in a permit Overhead clearances are posted before you arrive at an underpass or tunnel Special attention should be
86. es displaying a dangerous goods placard must stop at uncontrolled railway crossings Drivers are required to notify the nearest police agency or fire department and if in Manitoba the provincial conservation department in the event of spills or other hazards relating to dangerous goods Rapid action in reporting spills may help stop serious incidents In the event of an emergency call CANUTEC Canadian Transport Emergency Centre collect at 613 996 6666 or 666 cellular If the spill or emergency is in Manitoba also contact the Manitoba Environmental Accident Reporting Line at 204 945 4888 or 204 944 4888 24 hours The above numbers are for reporting emergencies only For information on obtaining a Certificate of Training contact the Manitoba Trucking Association For information concerning the handling and transportation of dangerous goods in Manitoba you may contact Manitoba Conservation Environment Operations Winnipeg Region 200 Saulteaux Crescent Winnipeg Manitoba R3J 3W3 Telephone 204 945 7025 This office is for information only and not for emergency response purposes For information on federal regulations of the transportation of dangerous goods contact the Government of Canada Dangerous Goods Surface Transportation at 204 983 5969 Transporting explosives Depending on the type of explosive a permit may be required For information on the transportation of explosives contact Government of Canada
87. essively and wear out prematurely Some vehicles are equipped with a clutch brake to stop the rotation of the main shaft gears in the transmission when the clutch pedal is pressed all the way to the floor You must not press the clutch all the way to the floor when changing gears when the vehicle is in motion The clutch brake should be engaged only when the vehicle has come to a complete stop Double clutching Most heavy vehicles with manual transmissions require double clutching to make changing gears easier Double clutching is simply depressing the clutch for each movement of the gear shift lever The movements need to occur at the same time synchronized so you will need to practise before this skill can be mastered This technique must be used for shifting both up and down Even with synchromesh gears shifting can be faster and smoother with the double clutching method It should be noted that there are manual transmissions that do not require double clutching Consult the operator s manual for the equipment being driven To double clutch e Release the accelerator and at the same time press down the clutch pedal e Shift into neutral e Release the clutch e Increase or decrease the engine revolutions per minute rpm required for the next gear The engine speed must be matched to the gear being selected press lightly on the accelerator to increase engine speed for downshifting or release it slightly to decrea
88. ft tires build up heat Tires which have been run when soft or flat should be left to cool before the vehicle is moved If you must move the vehicle the tire should be replaced first e Ensure parking brakes are fully released and service brakes are adjusted properly Dragging brakes generate heat and can ignite grease in the wheel hubs when the vehicle stops Make frequent checks of hubs and brake drums for overheating e Never start propane heaters with the trailer van doors closed e Keep fire extinguishers in good working condition Professional Driver s Manual 19 Lighting reflectors and markers Important note Every lamp reflex reflector and conspicuity treatment must be permanently attached in the location specified below and must comply with all applicable requirements prescribed for it by FAVSS CMVSS 108 The face of any device on the front rear and sides should be respectively perpendicular and parallel to the vehicle s centerline unless it is photometrically certified at installation angle No part of the vehicle shall prevent any device from meeting its prescribed requirements unless an auxiliary device meeting all prescribed requirements is installed In Canada manufacturers and importers of vehicles must have the proper certification test records demonstrating compliance of lighting components with all prescribed requirements Headlights Daytime running lights DRL are required on all motor veh
89. fuel heaters to prevent fuel gelling thermostatically controlled electric engine cooling fans winter fronts battery blankets and in cab auxiliary heaters to improve productivity and fuel efficiency Dealing with the weather Weather conditions affect fuel efficiency Driving on snow covered roads can increase fuel consumption by 15 to 20 per cent and fuel economy can be significantly affected by heavy winds Here are a few ways to minimize the effects of weather e Avoid bad weather where possible by changing trip times or routes e Adjust speed to suit the conditions for example reduce speed when there s a strong head wind e Slow down and maintain a safe following distance in order to better anticipate other vehicles in front of you e Don t park your tractor trailer on an icy grade getting stuck wastes fuel and time The road best travelled Choosing to drive on a flat multi lane highway improves your fuel efficiency by e four to 11 per cent compared to a flat two lane highway e as much as 18 per cent compared toa mountainous highway e 25 to 35 percent over taking a suburban route Caring for your vehicle Preventative maintenance plays a huge role in maintaining the health and efficiency of your vehicle When your truck is serviced properly you can run more efficiently and avoid unexpected downtime Small problems should be fixed before they become bigger and more expensive In addition to
90. g an off road vehicle Anyone convicted of any such offence faces a driver s licence suspension ranging from one year to life Offenders under 16 years of age will have their suspension start on their 16 birthday A discharge under The Criminal Code of Canada for certain driving related offenses may be treated as a conviction under The Highway Traffic Act Driving while suspended consequences Vehicles and off road vehicles ORVs will be immediately impounded for a minimum of 30 days for driving while the person is suspended or prohibited from driving or if the person is disqualified from operating an ORV The vehicle will be impounded even if it is owned or registered by someone other than the operator at the time of the offence It is the owner s responsibility to ensure that the user is not suspended prohibited or disqualified Vehicle owners will be responsible for the costs of towing and storage plus an impoundment fee which must be paid before a vehicle is released Additional consequences of driving while suspended can include e imprisonment for up to five years and or fines of up to 2 000 e anon appealable licence prohibition under the Criminal Code which means that a work licence cannot be obtained e a lifetime driver s licence suspension under The Highway Traffic Act e additional driver s licence premiums once the driver s licence is reinstated Safety considerations Carbon monoxide pois
91. g a hazard if struck by other vehicles Larger vehicles travelling at high speed create varying degrees of air turbulence wind that can be hazardous to smaller passenger vehicles A car riding alongside the Common driving conditions Passing saddle tank area or at the immediate rear of a trailer It can take considerable time for a truck to pass another is in an area of air turbulence Drivers of large vehicles vehicle or for another vehicle to pass a truck This is must be alert for unsuspecting drivers who ride in these especially true if the difference in speed speed areas as they may be forced off a narrow roadway or differential between the two vehicles is slight drawn into the side of the vehicle __ Buffeting Small vehicle aad riding in this area could a Turbulent mean section trouble Small venice Buffeting riding in this area pbs could Turbulent mean section When passing another vehicle make sure you trouble are not in the fast traffic lane longer than necessary This action can make the traffic behind you reduce speed resulting in bunching of vehicles which creates a hazard particularly on freeways or high speed highways Large vehicles have a louder exhaust resonance than passenger vehicles Their size and highway noise Being passed often give the impression they are travelling at higher Drivers should not direct other drivers to pass as this speeds than they actually are When passing passenger may enco
92. gion Hall 540 8th Avenue S e Winkler 355 Boundary Trail Class 1 2 3 and 4 bus or school bus only road test locations Winnipeg e 15 Barnes Street at Bison Drive e 40 Lexington Park at Gateway Road Outside Winnipeg e Brandon Brandon Bodily Injury Centre 602 Ist Street e Churchill Metis Heritage Hall 10 Franklin Street e Dauphin parking lot at the corner of Ist Ave SW and Ist Street SW e Gimli Gimli Rec Centre e Morris Legion Hall 161 Charles Avenue W e Portage la Prairie BDO Centre 390 Ist Street NW e Selkirk 1008 Manitoba Avenue e Steinbach 91 North Front Drive French Language Services available e Swan River War Veterans Community Hall 6th Avenue N e The Pas 424 Fischer Avenue e Thompson 53 Commercial Place e Winkler Winkler Co op intersection of PTH 3 and PTH 14 Class and 2 only e Winkler 355 Boundary Trail Class 3 amp 4 bus or school bus only For Class 4 vehicles other than bus or school bus please see your Autopac agent for road test locations Professional Driver s Manual 3 Air brake and or slack adjustment practical test locations Winnipeg e 15 Barnes Street at Bison Drive Practical air brake test only no slack adjustment e 40 Lexington Park at Gateway Road Outside Winnipeg See knowledge test locations on previous page Mobile Test Units Mobile Test Units serve rural customers living outside the previously listed locations Mob
93. gotiating sharp turns and turns at intersections The dry materials in the tank can shift and cause the vehicle to be unstable and hard to control Highway train In this manual a highway train is defined as a combination vehicle made up of a tractor more than one trailer and may include a converter dollie This type of vehicle configuration is usually more difficult to drive Their weight size and number of articulations have a great deal of impact on vehicle control and stability To reduce the risk of an accident the driver of a highway train must e avoid making abrupt movements with the steering wheel e remain constantly alert in order to avoid having to make a sudden change of direction If you do not follow this advice you may end up in a skid and lose control The emergency manoeuvres and techniques suggested for tractor trailers do not always work well with highway trains Drivers of these vehicles should be trained in the emergency procedures recommended for highway trains Combination vehicles with more than one trailer are subject to rear amplification Rear amplification is when the lateral acceleration by the tractor increases to the rear trailers The highway tractor amplification factor is two which means that the tractor s lateral acceleration is doubled at the rear trailer This could increase in tight curves to a point where the rear trailer can no longer remain upright and rolls over Drivers wit
94. hang to avoid striking objects such as poles parked cars and buildings The driver must exercise caution in limited clearance areas The legal lengths of vehicles vary according to the type of vehicle e single vehicle 12 5 m e combination including truck or car pulling a trailer 21 5 m e tractor trailer including load 23 m For a list of maximum lengths permitted for other vehicles please contact Transportation Safety and Regulatory Services Overlength Generally permits are granted only when the length is irreducible Permits are not issued for overlength loads carried on a type of truck other than a tractor trailer or a combination type of vehicle A pilot vehicle equipped according to The Highway Traffic Act and its regulations must follow vehicles whose overall length exceeds 30 m Flagging must be enforced at exits and entrances to highways while the vehicle is turning Pilot vehicles Pilot vehicles are used to warn drivers they are approaching an oversize vehicle or load When an oversize or overload permit requires a pilot vehicle for escort purposes the pilot vehicle shall be equipped with a yellow flashing light and shall display an illuminated WIDE LOAD or D sign When escorting an oversize vehicle or load e On a two lane or four lane highway a pilot vehicle shall precede and follow the oversize vehicle or load at a distance of not less than 100 m and not more than 500 m
95. hat could be beneficial to a driver Contact Manitoba Trucking Association 25 Bunting Street Winnipeg Manitoba R2X 2P5 Telephone 204 632 6600 Hours of Service Regulation This regulation has been developed to help drivers and companies manage the driver fatigue factor which is a major cause of truck accidents It is important that professional drivers be very knowledgeable about the hours of service regulations For information on hours of service regulations contact Motor Carrier Division Telephone 204 945 3890 16 Professional Driver s Manual Border crossings Whenever a vehicle is crossing the border between Canada and the United States the driver must stop and report to a customs officer All drivers must report even if their load is in transit or bonded There are no exceptions For information on border crossing please contact Government of Canada Customs Services Toll free 1 800 461 9999 Seatbelts All drivers and passengers must wear the complete seatbelt assembly in the cab or sleeper berth unless exempted by law It is the driver s responsibility to ensure that every minor is properly secured Note Provincial law requires placing children in a size appropriate car seat until they are at least 145 cm 36 kg or nine years old No person shall operate a motor vehicle if the seatbelt assembly has been removed or modified to reduce its effectiveness Vehicle collisions are the leading ca
96. have a vision acuity no less than 6 9 with both eyes open and examined together with the worse eye no less than 6 30 Visual fields must not be less than 150 with both eyes open and examined together Class 4 drivers restricted to operating taxi cabs only must have a visual acuity of 6 12 in both eyes open and examined together with the worse eye no less than 6 60 Visual fields must not be less than 120 with both eyes open and examined together Drivers who are applying for a Class 1 2 3 or 4 driver s licence and who require corrective lenses to meet the required visual standards may pass their vision 6 Professional Driver s Manual screening while wearing glasses or contact lenses Drivers wearing contact lenses are advised to carry glasses with them at all times while driving since there may be times when contact lenses have to be removed because of eye irritation Medical re examinations Under The Drivers and Vehicles Act the Registrar of Motor Vehicles requires certain drivers to be medically re examined to determine their fitness and ability to drive All Class 1 2 3 and 4 drivers must submit a Medical Examination Report form e every five years to age 45 e every three years to age 64 e annually at age 65 and over Drivers may also need to be retested for their class of licence related to a medical condition This may include a vision screening a knowledge test and a road test in the type of vehicle for the class
97. he driver to prevent a rear end collision by these irresponsible drivers but if stops are gradual the speed of impact will be considerably less It is illegal for public service vehicles trucks highway buses or motor vehicles that are pulling another piece of equipment on a roadway outside of a restricted speed area to follow within 90 m of each other When nearing an upgrade with a passing lane provided the driver of a vehicle that is travelling slower than normal traffic speed must use the right lane When such lanes are not provided the driver of a slower vehicle should allow the traffic that has built up behind to overtake at the soonest safe opportunity The experienced driver sets a pace in accordance with existing conditions and traffic tempo maintains a safe stopping distance ahead and behind and maintains a driving space all around the vehicle They have time to read the traffic pattern and continuously plan an escape route should the danger zones become occupied 32 Professional Driver s Manual Slow moving vehicles The Slow moving vehicle sign may be displayed only on a vehicle combination of vehicles or other machinery that is travelling at a speed of 40 km h or less Braking Bringing a vehicle to a stop on a level roadway usually requires only a single application of the braking system The degree of application will be determined by the speed weight and degree of emergency When the spe
98. he vehicle 3 What licences or permits is a taxi driver required to have 4 What is the advantage of entering a sharp turn at a low speed 5 If it is necessary to cross over a centre line or lane line to negotiate a sharp turn with a long wheel base vehicle what precautions should the driver take 6 On a two way street in addition to checking the left side mirror where should the driver of a vehicle look before leaving the curb 7 What precautions must the driver of a bus take when leaving a parked position at which poles or sign posts are located near the vehicle 8 Should a driver turn on the vehicle s turn signal lights before he is ready to leave the parking position 9 What hazards should a driver expect when passing a line of parked vehicles 10 What warning clues should a driver watch for when driving past a line of parked vehicles 11 Under what conditions may the driver of an emergency vehicle exceed a posted speed limit 102 Professional Driver s Manual Section 5 Vehicle trip inspection Trip inspection illustration In order to understand how to conduct a proper commercial vehicle trip inspection the following are suggested guidelines to use when inspecting your vehicle Qi Approach the vehicle and check a Vehicle body for damage b Under vehicle for fluid leaks c Are wheels blocked 2 Parking brake set Under the hood a Fluid levels power steering fluid oil coolant
99. her class of driver s licence to operate School buses School bus drivers require a Class 2 or higher class of driver s licence if the school bus being operated has a Seating capacity of over 36 occupants including the driver while carrying passengers School bus drivers require a Class 4 or higher driver s licence if the school bus being operated has a seating capacity between 11 and 36 occupants including the driver while carrying passengers Railway crossings When approaching railway tracks operators of school buses shall bring the school bus to a full stop not closer than five metres or more than 15 metres measured from the front of the bus to the closest railway track The bus must come to a full stop if it is carrying passengers or not Once the school bus has stopped the operator must fully open the service door listen and look in both direc tions along the tracks for approaching trains and not move the school bus unless it is safe to do so closing the service door before moving the school bus A school bus certificate may be required to operate a school bus while carrying passengers 96 Professional Driver s Manual For information regarding the operation of a school bus or information on school bus certificates please refer to the School Bus Driver s Handbook or contact Manitoba Education Training and Youth Pupil Transportation 507 1181 Portage Avenue Winnipeg Manitoba R3G OT3 Te
100. hicle will stay in position when parked whether you drive from a parking lot alley private road or side road onto a street provincial road or provincial trunk highway The following precautions must be observed to prevent a vehicle runaway 1 h j ke After yielding the right of way to pedestrians in that Set the parking brake area or if there is no sidewalk area proceed to a spot 2 Stop the engine and place the transmission just before the road and check for oncoming vehicles in the gear position recommended in the After yielding to vehicles proceed when safe operator s manual 3 If the vehicle is equipped with a two speed axle the axle must be in low range 4 Remove the ignition key to lock the ignition If the vehicle is parked on a hill or an incline the front wheels must be turned so that if the vehicle moves it will roll off the road Special care must be taken when parking combination vehicles make sure the steering wheels are turned so the trailer will roll off the road and not into traffic A 6 If the vehicle is a tractor trailer under no circumstances should the driver use the trailer hand valve alone to hold a parked unit if it is left unattended Professional Driver s Manual 45 Railway crossings The sign above left indicates a railway crossing ahead Slow down check to the right and left along the angle of the track shown on the sign and proceed only when safe The actual
101. hout training in the operation of highway trains may make a manoeuvre that they think is safe however it could result in the rollover of the last trailer Professional Driver s Manual 91 Dangers of skidding and jackknifing with a highway train Jackknifing can be caused by one of the following e The rear wheels of the tractor skid as a result of irregular braking or poor traction e The rear of the tractor swings forward as a result of irregular braking an extremely uneven road surface high winds or an abrupt turn of the steering wheel e The tail trailer pushes the lead trailer because of uneven load distribution and abrupt braking When the jackknife angle is over 15 stabilizing the vehicle is almost impossible Once the skid starts if no corrective action is taken the critical point can be reached in about one and a half seconds after which it is virtually impossible to recover stability The best way to avoid this problem is to be aware of the situations that can quickly lead to skidding and jackknifing Some of the more common reasons are e driving into curves too quickly causing the last trailer to skid e overbraking causing a wheel to lock e poor brake adjustment e abrupt movements of the steering wheel when changing lanes causing the rear trailer to fishtail e not paying attention to the traffic ahead and having to take evasive actions Highway train drivers are far away from the rear trailer a
102. ians and vehicles stopped at the edge of the road If you must stop pull off onto the shoulder and use your emergency flashing lights or other approved warning devices such as flares Watch for highway signs they re more difficult to see and read at night Keep both the inside and outside of the windshield clean Dim your lights at least 450 m from oncoming vehicles oa Professional Driver s Manual 21 22 Professional Driver s Manual Always use low beams when approaching other cars High beams will blind the other driver Use high beams only when driving in open country without other cars nearby Use low beams when driving by street lights in fog and when following another vehicle closely Vehicle operation Steering hand position Advanced driving skills are needed to drive a heavy vehicle whether it be a bus a straight body truck or a tractor and trailer Since these vehicles are very large a driver must gain experience handling them When turning a large vehicle you may have to turn the steering wheel several times sometimes as many as eight times to complete a left or right turn Most vehicles are equipped with power steering and adjustable steering wheels that make operating the vehicle easier and more comfortable for the driver It is recommended that the steering wheel be held with your hands at the nine o clock and three o clock position This will allow for good control and i
103. icle condition Trip inspection testing Vehicle trip inspection tear out sheet In service inspections Post trip inspections Pre hill inspection Section 6 For your information Driver training schools Metric conversion table Organ and tissue donation 96 96 96 97 97 98 98 98 99 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 101 101 101 101 101 101 102 103 104 106 106 115 117 117 117 119 120 121 123 Test appointments Scheduling your knowledge or road test e All knowledge and road tests are by appointment only Visit any Autopac agent to pay for your test and schedule your test appointment e Both knowledge and road tests are conducted during weekdays only with the exception of holidays at the locations below Saturday appointments are available in Winnipeg at the Barnes Street Lexington Park and Main Street locations For hours of operation please see mpi mb ca or contact an Autopac agent e Your Autopac agent can provide you with details of available appointments at any testing location e You can schedule your test appointment up to eight weeks in advance e Knowledge and road tests are available in English and French Specify your language preference when booking your appointment For a list of Autopac agents see mpi mb ca Knowledge test locations Winnipeg e 15 Barnes Street at Bison Drive e 125 King Edward Street East e 40 Lexington Park at Gateway Road e 1284 Main Stree
104. icle over lane lines or centre lines to negotiate sharp turns it is the driver s responsibility ensure such a movement can be made safely without interfering with other traffic If there are two turn lanes side by side with signs indicating you are allowed to turn left from either lane the turn should be made from the right most lane This will give you a larger turning arc and you should not have to worry about traffic to your right side A left turn when straddling the lane is performed as follows e Approach in the median lane or the lane closest to the centre line of the road e Turn your left turn signal on about 30 m from the intersection 150 m outside cities towns or villages e Check your mirrors and make sure you are aware of the traffic s location around you If safe move the vehicle into the lane to your right only enough to make the turn safely e As you enter the intersection turn your steering Wheel to the left Continue watching the intersection for potential hazards and watch the trailer to ensure it does not collide with any traffic on the roadway and that the trailer wheels do not go over the median Also ensure the tractor wheels do not go over the curb of the street you are entering 68 Professional Driver s Manual Backing a tractor and trailer The control of a straight body vehicle when backing is done in the same way as that of a passenger vehicle When backing a tractor trailer the
105. icles built on or after December 1 1989 DRL must be functioning and on at all times Using headlights during the day can significantly reduce the chances of an accident as your vehicle is much easier to see Source Transport Canada 20 Professional Driver s Manual LIGHTS ON FOR SAFETY PLEASE USE YOURS POUR PLUS DE SECURITE aaa ALLUMEZ VOS PHARES Night driving Daytime Night low beams Never drive so fast that you can t stop within the distance you can see ahead with your headlights That means driving slower than usual since under ideal night driving conditions you can see only 30 m ahead with low beams and 110 m ahead with high beams To reduce glare do not look directly at the headlights of oncoming traffic instead look to the right edge of the roadway To cut glare from the rear adjust your mirror or use a day night mirror Reduce your speed until your eyes have recovered from the glare Some additional points to minimize the hazards of night driving e Check your headlights regularly so the low beams reveal objects at least 30 m ahead without blinding oncoming drivers e Dim your lights at least 450 m from oncoming vehicles and 60 m when following vehicles Night high beams Keep headlights clean Keep the interior lights off so that your eyes will remain adapted to the dark Slow down when meeting another vehicle or when nearing a curve Watch for pedestr
106. ile Test Unit locations and schedules are available from any Autopac agent or online at mpi mb ca Key points about your tests Cost e A knowledge test costs 10 e Costs for road tests e Class 1 licence 50 e Class 5 licence 30 e Class 2 or 3 licence 45 Class 6 licence 30 e Class 4 licence 35 e Air brake 30 Cost may change There is no additional charge for the practical air brake test if you are taking a road test for a class 1 2 3 4 or 5 licence and the vehicle you are using for the test is equipped with air brakes 4 Professional Driver s Manual General testing information e Please check in 15 minutes prior to your scheduled appointment time e There is a 30 minute time limit to complete a knowledge test e The knowledge test is not an open book test e Cellular phones and electronic devices are not allowed in the test area e Only one knowledge or road test of the same class may be completed per day e There is a 14 day waiting period between the issuance date of your learner s licence and the road test date for Class 1 2 3 and 4 licences For additional information or assistance call your Autopac agent or the following numbers e In Winnipeg call 204 985 7000 e Outside Winnipeg call toll free 1 800 665 2410 Class 1 to Class 4 driver s licence requirements Applicants for professional driver s licences must hold a valid minimum Class 5A or Class 5I driver s licence
107. intersection accidents follow these common sense practices e Never enter a limited view intersection at a speed at which you cannot stop your vehicle safely should you need to do so e Do not assume you have the right of way even when it is enforced by traffic signs or traffic lights Look left and right before entering any intersection Check for a violator who may run the traffic sign or traffic light e Look well ahead for stale green lights to avoid travelling through the intersection late This can be accomplished by looking at the pedestrian crossing lights If the signal telling the pedestrian not to cross the street is on or flashing be prepared for the traffic signal to change When getting the green go light check left right and ahead for the late runners before proceeding e Position your vehicle into the proper lane well before the turn at the intersection giving proper signals well in advance to show other drivers you plan to turn Slow gradually before entry and turn only when it can be done safely e Do not depend on other drivers to signal or execute their turns correctly Uncontrolled intersections are those not controlled by traffic lights or signs When two vehicles approach this type of intersection both must slow down The vehicle on the left must always yield the right of way to the vehicle on the right Nevertheless the driver with the right of way must still exercise proper care a
108. inuing the trip e If speed is greatly reduced turn on your hazard lights to help make your vehicle visible to other drivers Professional Driver s Manual 49 Winter driving Following are some safety tips and information to help reduce the hazards when operating a vehicle When driving in winter keep in mind that bridges on winter roads and overpasses can be especially dangerous when the temperature is near the freezing point or when it is e Travel is not approved until a section officially extremely cold An invisible sheet of ice referred to as opens No regular inspection or maintenance is black ice may form on them because of condensation provided along the route prior to opening or after closing increasing the potential risk to drivers A 24 hour voice report for winter road information to access remote isolated northern Manitoba communities is available by calling highway information services at 204 945 3704 or toll free 1 877 627 6237 Road surfaces in the winter can have icy patches black ice or drifts of snow across the highway You will have to adjust your driving accordingly When operating a large vehicle during a storm keep in mind that drivers of smaller vehicles may use a large vehicle to guide them through the storm Take this into account when braking e Travel on winter roads when they are not open could deteriorate and damage the road surface Winter road driving Ruts created in the muskeg o
109. isabled vehicle f Place reflectors so that they will be illuminated by lights of any approaching vehicles It is recommended that every vehicle also carry a first aid kit fire axe tools for minor repairs and survival gear when operating in cold weather and sparsely settled areas 18 Professional Driver s Manual Vehicle Fires Fighting a fire efficiently requires quick thinking and fast action based on training All drivers should inspect the firefighting equipment on their vehicle daily Know the types of fires that could occur on a particular vehicle as Well as with the load being carried The following is a general guide that could prevent loss of life or personal injury and reduce property damage e Don t risk your own life Fuel fires can spread quickly or explode e Have the first passer by call the fire department Warn others of the danger of explosion by fuel or flammable loads or exposure to toxic substances and tell them to keep back a safe distance e Ifa fire occurs on a combination unit disconnect the tractor from the trailer and separate the units to a safe distance apart but only if you are sure you can do so safely e Whenever possible fight fires with the wind at your back to lessen the chance of suffocation e Foran electrical fire disconnect battery cables first whenever possible Shutting off switches and disconnecting battery cables of vehicles involved in a collision can preven
110. l drivers are encouraged to increase their knowledge by participating in training courses involving e First aid e Care and handling of dangerous goods e Defensive driving Professional Driver s Manual 125 Manitoba Public Insurance 10 00 12 15 DVLOO21 Ce document existe aussi en francais mpi mb ca
111. lephone 204 945 6900 Toll free 1 800 282 8069 Ext 6900 Taxicabs Taxicab drivers require a Class 4 or a higher class of driver s licence In addition some cities or municipalities may have bylaws requiring taxi drivers to obtain a taxicab driver s permit or licence Emergency vehicles When responding to an emergency call emergency vehicle drivers can exceed the posted speed limits or proceed past a red traffic control signal light or stop sign They must however sound an audible signal bell or siren and show a flashing red or a combination of flashing red and blue lights Emergency vehicle drivers must drive with regard for safety and must consider the condition and use of the highway amount of traffic that is on or may be expected on the highway nature and use being made of the emergency vehicle at the time Professional Driver s Manual 97 Driving a bus Right turns In making a right turn drivers must avoid running over or scuffing the curb with the rear wheels To execute a sharp right turn particularly with a forward control bus the driver should position the bus one to two metres from the curb on the approach to the intersection then proceed straight until the curb line of the side street can be sighted through the front entrance door as shown in the diagram Right turns into very narrow streets may require that the driver proceed well into the intersection before commencing the turn It
112. limit signs posted before bridges and structures apply to all vehicles Are all commercial vehicles required to report to weigh scales What is required before oversize or overweight loads may be transported Which office should be contacted if your load is oversize May wide load signs be displayed when a wide load is not actually being transported 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 During travel at night what must be used to mark the outside points of an overwidth load What effect does braking have on a load that is not tied down or secured What could result from placing too much weight over any one set of wheels or over any one axle Should most of the weight of a load on a truck be placed directly behind the cab slightly ahead of the rear axle or slightly behind the rear axle Should most of the weight of a load on a tractor trailer be placed directly over the fifth wheel at a midway point of the trailer or directly over the trailer axle If a load is allowed to escape from the vehicle who can be held responsible Do loose loads of wood chips or similar materials need to be covered to prevent losing the load When is a pilot vehicle required to follow the vehicle it is escorting What is the maximum legal width of a vehicle to be operated on any highway What is the maximum length a load may project beyond the front bumper
113. lling on the winter road system the driver is required to remain in a constant state of awareness and no driver shall drive a commercial vehicle in a fatigue state Notifying the destination point receiving the fuel or freight of the anticipated time of arrival will help reduce time on the system and provide an extra measure of safety in case you encounter difficulties To avoid a load movement it is recommended that all loads be secured in accordance with the Provincial requirements with equipment specifically designed for the intended use Additional fastening devices to reduce load movement are recommended as the road surface is uneven slippery and could be very rough All overweight and overwidth loads require winter road permits that must be approved by the Region Allow adequate time for ice testing when applying for overweight permits Drivers should be aware of overhead utility lines in communities and call the appropriate utility if there is a concern about the height of the line When approaching or travelling through a community drive with caution as the community residents have not seen increased truck traffic since the previous year Due to environmental guidelines road users are responsible for their own abandoned vehicle and garbage removal Professional Driver s Manual 51 Gusting or strong winds Care must be taken when driving in gusting or strong winds as they can push your vehicle making it difficult
114. missing springs or mounting hardware visibly shifted leaf springs loose U bolts or deflated or leaking airbags Insecure cracked or broken Visibly shifted cracked collapsing or sagging frame members Insecure or obstructed or fail to provide a clear view No decal present or expired decal Inspect 6 10 6 11 6 12 6 13 6 14 6 15 6 16 6 17 Fuel tank brackets or straps steps and cap s for security and fuel lines for leaks Batteries for security and loose electrical connections Exhaust system and muffler for leaks and security Cab securement and suspension cab securely mounted cab mounted airbags and lines for leaks shocks secure and not leaking Load securement side and bottom doors attachment points and securement equipment chains wire rope webbing hooks binders etc Sides of vehicle for damage or load for shifting if applicable Rear tailgate door s securely closed Underride protection or rear bumper is secure if applicable Note For vehicles with hydraulic brakes see section H For Buses see section 8 7 7 1 122 7 3 Additional checks for combination vehicles Fifth wheel The trailer is sitting properly on the fifth wheel the locking handle is locked and the fifth wheel jaws are locked around the kingpin of the trailer Fifth wheel slide locks are fully locked and not damaged Connections other than fifth wheel coupling devices are locked an
115. mmable gases water reactive substances 4 1 A solid that under normal conditions of transport is readily combustible or would cause or contribute to fire through friction or from heat retained from manufacturing or processing or is a self reactive substance that is liable to undergo a strongly exothermic reaction or is a desensitized explosive that is liable to explode if they are not diluted sufficiently to suppress their explosive properties 4 2 A substance liable to spontaneous combustion under normal condition of transport or when in contact with air liable to spontaneous heating to the point where it ignites 4 3 A substance that on contact with water emits dangerous quantities of flammable gases or becomes spontaneously combustible on contact with water or Water vapour Professional Driver s Manual 85 Oy ey ey 86 Professional Driver s Manual Class 5 Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides 5 1 A substance that causes or contributes to the combustion of other material by yielding oxygen or other substances whether or not the substance itself is combustible 5 2 An organic compound that contains the bivalent O O structure which is a strong oxidizing agent and may be liable to explosive decomposition be sensitive to heat shock or friction react dangerously with other dangerous goods or may cause damage to the eyes Class 6 Poisonous substances and infectious substances 6 1 A solid or liquid
116. moving vehicles On a multi lane highway the left lane is normally used as a passing lane for faster moving traffic The law requires slower moving vehicles to travel in the right lane This will have faster vehicles overtaking and passing on the left side of the vehicle which is safer than being overtaken and passed on the right side A good driver constantly scans the traffic ahead behind and to the sides By looking well ahead the driver can pick up clues that will indicate speed changes and stops that may develop in the traffic pattern By frequent glances in the rear and side view mirrors the driver is alerted to vehicles that may be getting ready to pass or following vehicles that will need plenty of warning of a stop a change of direction or a lane change Drivers should always maintain a safe following distance from the vehicles ahead so that a smooth gradual stop will be possible even if the vehicle ahead makes a panic stop A gradual stop will also decrease the chances of being rear ended by a tailgater as the driver who is following too closely will have lots of notice that a stop or speed reduction is taking place Professional Driver s Manual 2 7 Drivers should look well ahead for traffic control signal lights lane use and turn signals Try to anticipate traffic control signal light changes before reaching an intersection When a traffic control signal light has been green for some time it is known as a
117. mpleting signing and forwarding all required documents for wastes to the proper authorities meeting the requirements of a consignor when returning empty packages containers or vehicles that are not cleaned or purged so that no hazard exists Professional Driver s Manual 8 3 Classifying dangerous goods The Dangerous Goods Transportation Act divides dangerous goods into nine classes according to the type of hazard involved Some of the classes are further divided into divisions that identify the hazards more specifically Refer to the dangerous goods illustration on the next pages The regulations lists dangerous goods and describe their shipping name classification and UN or NA Product Identification Number Classification is the responsibility of the manufacturer of the product or in the case of hazardous waste the generator of that waste Classification must be completed before offering the product for shipment 84 Professional Driver s Manual Safety marks Safety marks are used to indicate the presence of dangerous goods and to identify their hazard class The visible safety marks are generally the labels placards and UN or NA Product Identification Number Labels are used on packages cylinders drums and other small containers Placards are used on large containers cap over 454 1 and transport units UN or NA Product Identification Numbers are four digit numbers that are assigned to a specific product
118. mposed minimum one year driving prohibition e participation in Manitoba s Ignition Interlock Program e a minimum fine of 1 000 for a first offence e up to five years imprisonment for impaired driving e up to life imprisonment and a court imposed prohibition from driving any type of vehicle for up to life if you cause an accident that results in the death or bodily harm of another person Some licence suspensions disqualifications and court imposed driving prohibitions can be appealed to the Licence Suspension Appeal Board If successful in the appeal drivers may be required to participate in Manitoba s Ignition Interlock Program for alcohol related driving suspensions and or prohibitions See our Ignition Interlock Program and Impaired Driving brochures for more information 14 Professional Driver s Manual Licence suspension for other Criminal Code convictions Driving a vehicle in Manitoba is a privilege People convicted of certain offences under The Criminal Code of Canada will lose that privilege Some examples of these offences are dangerous driving criminal negligence flight from police auto arson auto vandalism take vehicle without owner s consent auto theft possession of property obtained by crime and possess sell or purchase master keys A conviction of any of these offences results in an automatic driver s licence suspension or eligibility to obtain a licence It also disqualifies you from operatin
119. n on a gasoline oil or grease fire What could the driver do if a fire started in the trailer being pulled by their vehicle What precautions should be taken when using a CO type fire extinguisher What emergency equipment must be carried on a a truck with a registered gross vehicle weight exceeding 3 700 kg b a public service vehicle for passenger transportation f your large vehicle becomes disabled on a two way highway how far ahead and how far behind should the flares or reflectorized devic es be placed What vehicles may be required to stop at railway crossings It is recommended that applicants who are preparing for a Class 1 2 3 or 4 examination also study the Driver s Handbook Section 3 Additional information for Class 1 and Class 3 drivers Types of vehicles Class 1 and Class 3 drivers must also have an understanding of the information contained in Section 4 of this manual ae Straight body truck Note When reference is made to tractor trailer the principles are 8 y i basically the same as when operating a truck pulling a trailer with Class 3 a GVWR of 4 540 kg or more Tractor Class 3 Truck pulling a trailer with a GVW of more than 4 540 kg Class 3 Tractor trailer Class 1 Tractor tridem Class 1 Highway train Class 1 60 Professional Driver s Manual Turning The degree of sharpness a vehicle will turn depends on two factors
120. n the event of an accident and the vehicle is equipped with an airbag it will inflate without injuring or being obstructed by the driver s arms The driver of a vehicle should never turn the steering wheel with one hand palming the wheel or with one finger as they may not have full control of the vehicle Accelerator To set a vehicle in motion you have to accelerate start smoothly and gradually to avoid jerking the vehicle The driver s foot should lie flat on the accelerator with the heel on the floor For optimal engine performance the driver should avoid abruptly applying and releasing the accelerator Drivers should accelerate slowly and steadily when Starting from a stopped position Drivers have more control over the vehicle If the vehicle is over accelerated particularly on poor or slippery road surfaces the drive wheels can lose traction and could cause loss of control Clutch The clutch makes it possible to disengage the transmission and the engine By pressing the clutch pedal the connection is broken between these two components allowing the driver to change gears The clutch pedal must be pressed with the left foot and held to move the gear lever Avoid releasing the clutch too quickly This can damage components leaving the vehicle unoperable Also do not let the clutch out too slowly or release it only enough to hold the vehicle from rolling on a hill when stopped This will cause the clutch to heat exc
121. nal Driver s Manual Shrinking the danger zone The danger zone can be reduced if the vehicle s speed is reduced The danger zone can also be reduced by the driver who forms the habit of covering the brake anytime a potential danger is developing If brake had not been covered Able to stop here In the example given by removing the foot from the accelerator and putting it lightly on the brake pedal at the time that the pedestrian is first seen the driver s reaction time is reduced Speed has been gradually reduced with the foot off the accelerator so the vehicle has a better chance of stopping ahead of the crosswalk rather than across the intersection Remember it is easier to keep out of trouble than it is to get out of trouble Brake Cover From 50 km h brake or less here Speed Weight Distance The distance required to stop a vehicle depends on its speed and weight in addition to energy heat and friction The braking force required to stop a vehicle varies directly with its weight and speed For example if the weight is doubled the braking force must be doubled to be able to stop in the same distance If the speed is doubled the braking force must be increased four times to be able to stop in the same distance When weight and speed are both doubled the braking force must be increased eight times to be able to stop in the same distance For example a vehicle carrying a load of 14 000 kg at 16 km h
122. nd attention to avoid a collision The driver of a large vehicle should not use its size to bully other drivers for the right of way Drivers of large vehicles should give the right of way rather than take it Drivers must give their full attention to each and every intersection laneway or driveway and keep the vehicle under full control at all times Professional Driver s Manual 41 Backing Backing up a large vehicle is one of the toughest and most important skills a driver must learn The driver is always responsible for any incident that occurs when backing Backing becomes dangerous any time the driver neglects to ensure the way is clear The driver must be certain the way remains clear during the entire manoeuvre Investigation of backing accidents often indicates they are not accidents but are evidence of the driver s failure to observe All drivers can reduce backing accidents if they follow these backing rules e Avoid unnecessary backing plan ahead to minimize backing distances e Use a guide whenever possible The guide should stand to the rear of the vehicle where there is a clear continuous view of the backing path the vehicle will follow The guide must be visible to the driver in his mirror throughout the manoeuvre Guide has no view of vehicle s path Guide has view of vehicle s path and eye contact with driver 42 Professional Driver s Manual e Whenever possible th
123. nd because of the added articulation hinged points it is difficult for the driver to feel a skid coming or even sense the trailer bouncing Drivers of these types of vehicles must check their rearview mirrors frequently 92 Professional Driver s Manual Highway train loading When connecting the trailers the heaviest trailer should be hitched to the tractor If this precaution is not taken there is a risk of losing control Each trailer should be loaded so that the weight of the cargo is evenly spread over the axles The correct axle load is essential for braking traction and control of the vehicle Also the weight should be spread out in such a Way that the centre of gravity is as low as possible in order to reduce the risk of the trailer being unstable and rolling over Tow truck These are vehicles used to repair other vehicles or tow other vehicles A Class 3 licence is required if the tow truck has more than two axles or if the towed vehicle s weight is 4 540 kg or over Otherwise a Class 5 licence is required All tow trucks must be equipped with a flashing or oscillating amber light clearly visible from a distance of 150 m The flashing amber light may be operated only when a vehicle is being towed or as a hazard warning at the scene of an accident When towing a disabled vehicle the distance between the two vehicles must not exceed five metres You must also remove derelict or damaged vehicles from the highway so th
124. nded receptacle and presents a hazard to any person Visibly damaged or not working Blocked or obstructed Any door that fails to function as intended Brake or brake accelerator interlock system fails to function as intended Interlock system fails to release when doors are closed and locked Does not blow air in desired location Inspect 8 7 Interior condition of bus floor dash steps windows and operator s compartment 8 8 Wheelchair lift and kneeling feature or wheel chair ramp are operational if applicable 8 9 Wheelchair restraints are operational and secure if applicable Note There are several ways that buses can be inspected contingent on design and function Please see sections 3 2 3 and 4 and the applicable Schedules of the Commercial Vehicle Trip Inspection Regulation for details Hydraulic brake system inspection Inspection method Visual With engine running cycle wheelchair lift lower and raise kneeling bus or deploy ramp Visual and Manual Complete the brake check for vehicles with hydraulic brake system as follows H 1 Electric motor brake assist if applicable H 2 Vacuum boost operation if applicable With the vehicle engine stopped apply moderate pressure to the service brake pedal electric motor operating should be audible With the engine stopped depress the service brake pedal several times to eliminate vacuum then with light foot press
125. ness concentration and ability to respond Studies indicate that drivers are usually unaware they are becoming fatigued and may exceed their own personal limits which significantly increases the risk of having an accident It is important that a driver maintain a regular sleep pattern as much as possible A proper diet and exercise will also help Exercise can be accumulated during the day This can be accomplished by exercising three times for 10 minutes over the course of the day This is the same as one 30 minute exercise period Before starting any exercise program consult with your physician Cas ee il ie Be E Circadian rhythms this is the internal clock that tells the body when to wake or sleep The majority of people are most alert during the day and require rest at night Depending on an individual s makeup most people require between six and eight hours of sleep per night If enough sleep is not obtained over an extended period the body will start to accumulate sleep debt that must be repaid The sleeping time that has been missed must be made up with extended periods of sleep Most people will notice they need a rest and will sleep many more hours than usual when they have gone for an extended period of time usually after eight to 10 days with reduced sleep If a person continually robs their body of sleep for long periods it will begin to affect their health If you re tired get some sleep A
126. ng in the United States will have to participate in a drug and alcohol testing program administered by their employer FMCSA regulations apply to businesses that operate commercial motor vehicles in the United States and their drivers are required to have a CDL Unless specifically prohibited based on certain medical conditions These drivers will have a Code W restriction placed on their commercial licence For more information contact Manitoba Trucking Association 25 Bunting Street Winnipeg Manitoba R2X 2P5 Telephone 204 632 6600 Commercial driver abstract Under the National Safety Code a motor carrier s safety fitness rating is affected by the driving offences of its employees The Commercial Driver Abstract includes more information about an individual s driving record than a non commercial driver abstract This information will help a motor carrier decide how an employee s or a potential employee s driving record will affect its safety fitness rating The Commercial Driver Abstract includes information about convictions under various legislation including e The Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act Canada e The Dangerous Goods Handling and Transportation Act and Regulations e The Anhydrous Ammonia Handling and Transport Regulation e Generator Registration and Carrier Licencing Regulation e The Manifest Regulation e Drivers Hours of Service Regulation e Periodic Mandatory Vehicle Inspection R
127. ng sign so that you can stop in time if you have to Never move onto the tracks unless you re sure there is plenty of room on the other side of the tracks Be sure the rear of your vehicle will clear the crossing If traffic is backed up so that you can t get across the tracks stop and wait at least five metres from the crossing until the traffic jam clears and it is safe to cross Some vehicles must stop at all crossings These include regular buses school buses and vehicles carrying flammable materials If you re following such a vehicle be prepared to stop It is illegal to Cross a railway crossing when warning signals are on except as explained below Shift gears when crossing railway tracks outside of a restricted speed area Drive a vehicle through around or under a crossing gate or barrier that is either closed or being opened or closed Drive a vehicle onto a railway crossing unless there is sufficient space at the other side of the crossing to accommodate your vehicle without blocking a passing train Park a vehicle within 30 m of the nearest rail of a railway crossing unless otherwise posted Drivers may cross a railway crossing when the warning lights are flashing if The vehicle is brought to a complete stop first The crossing is not protected by gates or barriers The crossing is within a restricted speed area The train is stopped or is a safe distance away The crossing may be done safely
128. nous routes highway driving is more fuel efficient than city driving e Carefully consider your spec ing options and always maximize your payload instead of 60 per cent Capacity try to achieve 80 or 90 per cent capacity e Read the owner s manual for your vehicle and follow the manufacturer s driving recommendations Fuel and your engine e When the temperature is above zero degrees Celcius using summer fuel can improve fuel economy by as much as three per cent Vehicle choice and accessories e Optimize tractor trailer aerodynamics reducing aerodynamic drag by 10 per cent can reduce fuel consumption by about five per cent e Consider using doubles or triples instead of single trailers where applicable e Use rib design tires when appropriate they re more fuel efficient than using lug tires on the drive and steering axle e Consider using low rolling resistance tires Remember that super single tires provide lower rolling resistance as well as less weight Source Environment Canada National GHG Inventory Report Source Cummins MPG Guide Secrets to Better Fuel Economy 10 Professional Driver s Manual e Choose lighter truck specifications where appropriate Less vehicle weight means better fuel economy and can also offer more freight capacity increasing income per kilometre travelled e Use accessories such as oil pan heaters and block heaters to help with cold starting and hasten lubrication
129. nstruction in classes 1 to 4 a driver must be minimum 18 years of age hold a minimum Class 5I or Class 5A driver s licence meet medical standards pass the knowledge test and pay any charges required To take a road test the driver must hold a Class 5F licence Full Stage Holders of Authorized Instruction for Class 1 2 3 and 4 driver s licences must be accompanied by a person who holds a Valid driver s licence and has held a minimum Class 5F driver s licence for at least three years of which two years are the same class of licence being sought This person is known as the supervising driver and must sit in the seat nearest the driver Effective Nov 1 2003 to operate a special mobile machine implement of husbandry or tractor a person must hold a valid minimum Class 5I driver s licence This requirement applies on all provincial trunk highways provincial roads and highways within the boundaries of a city town or village For further information please call 204 985 7000 or toll free 1 800 665 2410 Basic licensing requirements Application and test requirements A Age limits and licence requirements Any person 18 years of age or over who holds a minimum Class SI or Class 5A driver s licence and meets the required knowledge visual and medical standards for that class may apply for Authorized Instruction in Class 1 2 3 or 4 B Visual and medical requirements All applicants for a Class 1 to 4 driver s licenc
130. occurrence e 30 day driver s licence suspension for a third occurrence e 60 day driver s licence suspension for fourth and subsequent occurrences Receiving a Tiered Administrative Licence Suspension lowers your Driver Safety Rating by five levels You may also be subject to a Driver Improvement and Control intervention This could range from a warning letter to a show cause hearing at which time a further driver s licence suspension would be considered You would also be required to pay a driver s licence reinstatement charge If you receive two or more suspensions within a 10 year period you are also required to complete an Impaired Driver Assessment at the Addictions Foundation of Manitoba AFM at your own expense Three month Administrative Licence Suspension If your blood alcohol concentration is over 08 you refuse to provide a breath or blood sample to police you refuse to perform a physical coordination test or drug recognition evaluation or you refuse to follow a police officer s instructions regarding either test you will receive an immediate three month Administrative Licence Suspension Receiving this suspension lowers your Driver Safety Rating by five levels You will also be required to pay a driver s licence reinstatement charge Additional consequences may include e being charged under the Criminal Code of Canada e vehicle impoundment except special mobile machines e a mandatory Impaired Driver
131. of a bus truck or tractor with a GVWR of 4 500 kg or higher check that the tread depth on the front steering tires is not less than 3 2 mm and on the rear tires not less than 1 6 mm When inspecting the tires of a vehicle with a GVWR of 4 499 kg or less the tire tread depth must not be less than 1 6 mm on all tires The tread wear should be even around the circumference of the tire and tread wear should be checked in three spots on each tire Retreaded tires are not to be used on steering axles Check the sidewalls of each tire for cuts tears and bulges You should also ensure that tires on the same axle are not mismatched such as a radial and non radial tire or tires of different sizes 36 Professional Driver s Manual 1 Normal wear ry Ly j b 2 Under Inflation 3 Over Inflation exposes will cause causes the the wear a tire to wear tire to wear indicators out at the out in the between edges first centre first two or more This tire s This tire is adjacent smooth edges dangerously grooves may cause worn and Replace the skids on wet must be tire when curves and replaced the wear must be indicators replaced become visible Correct tire pressure is an important factor of tire wear and steering control An over inflated tire will result in centre tread wear Over inflation of a tire also results in less tread surface touching the road which reduces the amount of traction An unde
132. of a vehicle When a coupling device is used to join vehicles in combination other than a fifth wheel is an additional coupling device such as a chain or cable required Except for a pole trailer what is the maximum length permitted for a draw bar or coupling device between vehicles When coupling a tractor to a trailer must the air lines be connected before or after engaging the fifth wheel to the trailer pin How would you test to see that the fifth wheel jaws have locked to the trailer pin To uncouple a tractor from a trailer are the air lines unhooked before or after separating the fifth wheel from the trailer pin Is it necessary to block the wheel of a trailer that is to be left for any length of time Professional Driver s Manual 93 Notes 94 Professional Driver s Manual section Additional information for Class 2 and Class 4 drivers Additional study of Section 2 of this manual and the Driver s Handbook is recommended Buses Bus drivers require a Class 2 or higher class of driver s licence if the bus being operated has a seating capacity of over 24 occupants including the driver while carrying passengers Passenger carrying vehicles with a seating capacity between 11 and 24 occupants including the driver require a Class 4 or higher class of driver s licence Passenger vehicles used for personal transportation by the owner or with the owner s permission require a Class 5 or hig
133. of vehicle and load inspect driver s licence log books permits vehicle registration and mechanical fitness and to make sure the load is secure Whether the weigh station is stationary or portable the driver must report as directed by the posted signs or on the request of a peace officer Professional Driver s Manual 77 About loads and loading Weight distribution The weight distribution of cargo has a definite bearing on the handling characteristics of the vehicle as well as the life of the tires frame springs axles and bearings Even though the total load may not be over the total carrying capacity of the vehicle poor distribution of weight could be overloading an axle or set of tires Undue stress could be placed on the frame resulting in permanent damage and steering mis alignment Distribution of weight will depend on the nature of the load The loading of one piece of cargo that comprises the full load will present different problems from a load made up of a number of pieces of cargo The examples shown in the diagrams may be referred to as a general rule for loading but do not cover all situations that the driver may encounter A heavy concentrated load should be placed near the rear axles and on its long side if possible Most of the load should be over the rear axles to get proper tire loading and reduce bending of the frame A tractor trailer is the proper vehicle to use fora large load like the on
134. oning Carbon monoxide CO poisoning is an ever present danger when you operate a motor vehicle CO is odourless colourless tasteless and hard to detect It is in the exhaust fumes of most motor vehicles This makes it essential for you to keep a constant check on your exhaust system for leaks Never run your engine in a closed garage Don t follow any vehicle too closely and maintain a safe distance between your vehicle and the one in front of you when you are stopped at traffic lights or stops signs If you get dizzy or drowsy while driving stop get out and get plenty of fresh air Emotions Some accident investigations have traced the cause of the accident to an emotional disturbance that distracted the driver s attention from the driving task Safe driving demands the full attention of the driver at all times Arguments at home or at work anger directed at other drivers illness or financial problems are some of the things that can preoccupy a driver s mind and distract attention from the important job of driving Safety demands a driver s complete and constant attention to driving situations Drowsiness and fatigue Most transport workers experience fatigue related problems These problems are not unique to truck driving It is estimated that driver fatigue or extreme tiredness is a factor in 30 to 40 per cent of all heavy truck fatalities Drivers who are fatigued suffer from impaired memory reduced alert
135. or the lane closest to the centre of the roadway Turn your left turn signal on about 30 m from the intersection 150 m outside cities towns or villages Check your mirrors and make sure you are aware of the traffic s location around you Scan the intersection for any potential hazards and take the necessary precautions Drive straight into the intersection start turning when your vehicle is well into the intersection Check the left mirror and make sure the wheels do not run into traffic or drive over the median Continue the turn until the vehicle is around the corner and end the turn in the lane closest to the centre line or median Turn off the turn signal Professional Driver s Manual 67 Lane straddling e The critical point is reached when the tractor is at the sharpest point of the turn in relation This type of turn should only be used as a last resort as i f nn to the trailer as the left rear view mirror vision it can be very dangerous as traffic may try to pass on the left side of your vehicle It can also be confusing to other ARS traffic on the road This type of turn would be used e Steer the tractor into the lane closest to the centre when the street being turned onto is very narrow or line and the trailer will follow the turn should be space is limited completed in this lane Whenever possible turns must be made from the proper lanes When it becomes necessary for the driver to direct the veh
136. ould make immediate arrangements to transport the passengers to their destination without delay Fuelling A vehicle should not be refuelled while the engine is running or in the presence of any open flame When the vehicle is being fuelled the nozzle of the fuel hose must be kept in contact with the intake and be grounded to the fuel tank throughout the fuelling process The opening through which the tank of the passenger vehicle is filled must be outside the body of the vehicle and be ventilated Baggage All baggage or property transported in or on any public passenger vehicle must be loaded so as not to interfere with the entrance or exit of passengers and must be stowed to prevent it from falling on or against any passenger he r When loading or unloading passengers the driver should make sure that it can be done safely If possible when loading or unloading passengers outside of a city the vehicle should be stopped clear of the travelled portion of the highway to allow the other vehicles to pass and be visible to approaching traffic Safety provisions A driver should not collect fares make change or load or unload passengers while the vehicle is in motion Unnecessary conversation with passengers should not take place while the vehicle is being driven Driver s vision The driver s view ahead and to the right and left must not be obscured in any way The driver must at all times have full movement of
137. ous in order to keep the vehicle under control Transporting bulk material When materials are unpackaged they are called bulk For example sand soil sod and wood chips are usually transported in bulk by a dump body type truck In most cases a bulk load must be covered with a tarpaulin and the driver must ensure the load does not fall from the vehicle Loads of snow earth or mud do not require a tarpaulin when they are being transported as long as the load does not fall off the vehicle Transporting liquids Tank trucks are used to transport liquids or liquefied gaseous material Operating tank trucks takes special skill because of the movement of the liquid in the tank and the high centre of gravity Also when a tank is partially filled the movement of the liquid can have a direct impact on the handling or control of the vehicle 90 Professional Driver s Manual Special driving considerations for tank trucks When slowing or braking with a tank truck the liquid in the tank moves or sloshes to the front of the tank and then to the rear then back to the front again This creates a wave and when it hits the end of the tank it tends to push the vehicle in that direction If the vehicle is being operated on a highway which is slippery the surge of the wave could place the vehicle in a dangerous situation When operating a tank truck you must take into account and be aware of the risks at all times There are diffe
138. projections Check your load and equipment before driving Extra wide or long loads require special permits and must also carry the stipulated warning signs Generally these loads cannot be moved during hours of darkness Some loads must not exceed the legal length but may overhang the vehicle body If the rear overhang exceeds one metre it must carry a red flag not less than 30 cm square at the end of the load You must be able to see at least 60 m from the rear of the vehicle At night there must be a red light or red reflector at the extreme rear of the overhang that is visible to approaching drivers A projection exceeding one metre beyond the front bumper is not allowed unless authorized in a permit Night travel by oversize vehicle Where night travel of an oversize vehicle or load is authorized by a permit under the Highway Traffic Act the vehicle or load shall be equipped with and shall at all times that it is driven or operated on a highway have in operation the following clearance lamps in a conspicuous position as near the top of the vehicle or load as practicable 1 Two lamps each of which casts a green or amber light visible from an oncoming vehicle one of which is located on the left and one on the right side of the front of the vehicle or load 2 Two lamps each of which casts a red light visible from a vehicle approaching from the rear one of which is located on the left and one on the right side of the ba
139. r inflated tire results in wear on the outer edges of the tread surface An under inflated tire will not squeeze the water out from under the tire surfaces as well as a correctly inflated tire will If the tire is under inflated it has more chance of riding up on a film of water hydroplaning explained later in this section Traction between the tire and the road would be a lot less as would steering control The rotation of the tires under load causes a flexing of the sidewalls This flexing causes internal friction which generates heat The tires release the heat to the atmosphere If the correct tire size is used in accordance to the load carried and tires have the proper inflation pressure at the start of the trip the heat build up will reach a heat balance temperature for which the tire is designed The cooling rate will balance the heating rate If a tire is under inflated overloaded or is subject to high speed the flexing action will be increased This will result in the heat build up rate exceeding the cooling rate and the tire will overheat As the heat builds up it causes air pressure in the tire to increase to levels higher than the tire was designed for If the tire has the correct pressure when it is cool the normal heat build up will cause the pressure in the tire to increase and reduce the amount of wall flexing controlling the heat build up If the driver lowers the tire pressure on a warm tire the cooling balan
140. r land are both The winter road systems in Manitoba are basic access environmental and safety issues Temporary routes to remote northern communities and have no road closures may be required to extend the use alignment standards There are no posted speed limit of the system signs and the recommended speed limit for vehicles with a maximum GVWR of seven tonnes or greater is 15 km h on all ice roads Winter roads are constructed on the natural terrain of the land and ice They cross muskeg rock ridges streams rivers and lakes The road surface can get worse quickly due to changes in the weather The chance of an accident increases if you do not drive according to the road conditions e Chains offer additional traction and should be used at the driver s discretion as they can deteriorate the snow packed road surface e The road surface is packed snow or ice and the stopping distance of all vehicles is longer than on land roads As a driver you should be travelling at a speed that will allow you to safely slow down or stop if you encounter a hazard or approaching vehicle e Winter roads are primarily used by heavy truck traffic delivering fuel freight groceries machinery and building products The contractor s maintenance equipment is slow moving and could be encountered on blind corners e The season may be shortened due to weather conditions and the traffic volumes will increase accordingly Night travel is recommended for bette
141. r visibility of traffic e Vehicles with a maximum GVWR of seven tonnes or greater that exceed the recommended ice road speed limit of 15 km h could create an ice popout or Wave movement in the ice causing a complete ice failure When approaching land or meeting other trucks on an ice road reduce speed to prevent an ice way rebound e Drive close to the centre of all ice roads and not by the snow storage banks on the sides as the banks have the added weight of the snow and slush 50 Professional Driver s Manual e Do not stop or park trucks on any ice road as it encourages others to do the same and the constant weight of one or more trucks could create an ice failure The loading and unloading of all trucks and storage of material is not approved on ice and should only occur on the land Trucks should be staggered one kilometre apart when travelling in the same direction on an ice road Ice road failures sudden storms ground drifting and whiteout conditions preventing travel and road maintenance can occur in sub zero temperatures Wilderness survival training and ice road driving courses are recommended Driving across a ramp bridge placed on a pressure ridge must be done with caution as there could be possible movement of the planks If the planks have lifted or twisted do not cross Passing or meeting other vehicles should be done with great care due to swirling snow reducing visibility The results of an unexpec
142. r will allow the engine power to be used to keep the vehicle stable while driving through the curve and provide good acceleration out of the curve Driving through curves is explained in depth later in this manual Shift before or after railway crossings The driver should not shift gears when crossing railway tracks When approaching a railway crossing the vehicle should be placed in an adequate gear that will allow the vehicle to completely cross the track By not shifting gears when crossing railway tracks you avoid the chance of missing a shift stalling the vehicle and or blocking the railway tracks Professional Driver s Manual 25 Visibility and safety Larger vehicles usually offer a better view of the road ahead and to the sides than passenger cars Larger windshields and a higher seating position provide a good view to the front while large side view mirrors give a clear view of the road behind the vehicle However there may be blind spots to the side and right behind the vehicle 26 Professional Driver s Manual Sometimes convex or spot mirrors may reduce the blind spots to the side of the vehicle Also some mirrors make things look smaller and farther away than they actually are In a city a professional driver must try to drive in the curb or right lane on a multi lane road as larger vehicles do not usually speed up as fast or travel as quickly as passenger cars The median or left lane is usually for fast
143. regularly scheduled maintenance you should also e Ensure your tires are inflated according to the manufacturer s recommendations fuel consumption increases by about one per cent for each 10 pounds per square inch of underinflation Source Technology and Maintenance Council of the American Trucking Association e Before you hit the road make sure you ve done a trip inspection not only is it the law but it can also help you avoid unwelcome breakdowns during your travels e Itis a good idea to perform a post trip inspection to spot problems that could delay you next time e Ensure all fluid levels are correct underfilling or overfilling can damage your vehicle e Monitor your restriction indicator for signs of the air filter becoming plugged or contaminated e Continually monitor your vehicle s condition during your trip check gauges tires and cargo every three hours Starting your vehicle Fuel efficiency starts when you turn your engine on Proper warm up helps lubricate components and seals reducing wear and leakage Starting your truck properly can save money on fuel Keep the following in mind e When starting your vehicle make sure you use zero throttle e Don t pump the throttle the amount of fuel required for starting is pre measured Similarly don t pump the throttle when cranking with older diesel engines with mechanical injection it wastes fuel and can damage cylinder walls e
144. rent types of tank trucks and trailers Some of the tank bodies have compartments When filling or emptying different compartments on the same tank the driver should be aware of the weight distribution ensuring that there is not too much weight at the front or rear of the vehicle Some other tanks have compartments with baffles in them These baffles are walls with holes in them which help control the forward and backward movement of the liquid The liquid is not restricted from side to side movement which can cause a driver to lose control and in extreme cases cause a vehicle to roll over Drivers must take the necessary precautions when going around sharp curves or turning at intersections This is especially crucial if the tank is partially filled Certain liquids will expand when they are heated It is important the tank not be filled completely with these liquids because if heated they will expand and overflow or damage the tank Most tanks are considered to be full when they have reached 70 per cent of the tank capacity Drivers should be familiar with product weights and other characteristics before proceeding to load Some liquids such as certain acids are heavier and a tank may be overweight if filled Therefore a tank may only be filled partially to remain within the legal weight limits Transporting dry bulk A vehicle with dry bulk tanks or hoppers has a high centre of gravity and caution must be taken when ne
145. s Over braking on vehicles without anti lock brakes could result in jackknifing see page 57 for definition or skidding 34 Professional Driver s Manual Runaway lanes Runaway lanes are found in mountainous areas These lanes are designed as emergency areas for the purpose of stopping trucks that experience brake failure when travelling down a very steep highway These lanes are constructed of soft materials such as gravel ashes and wood chips for the sole purpose of stopping a runaway truck As an out of control vehicle enters this lane the soft materials will act as drag on the vehicle slowing forward motion The lanes are strategically placed so drivers can use the lane and stop safely without harming themselves or other drivers Proper procedure for a driver entering a runaway lane is to remove the foot from the accelerator hang on tight to the steering wheel and steer straight up the lane Following these simple steps will help keep the truck upright and not jackknife or roll over Knowing when to use a runaway lane is very important If a driver is on a Steep grade brake fade may start to be noticed followed by brake failure This would be noticed by the amount of application air pressure that is being used during the snubbing of the brake When descending a long grade snubbing the brakes they will be applied and released many times If the vehicle s usual application air pressure is nine psi on a full brake
146. s area swept by windshield wiper or driver vision is obscured or limited Insecure or obstructed or fails to provide a clear view of highway to the side and rear Any mirror that fails to maintain set adjustment Clouded as to obscure vision Advanced warning device s missing or broken Fire extinguisher missing or discharged applicable vehicles First aid kit is missing or seal broken applicable vehicles Loose or broken plates not valid Professional Driver s Manual 109 Inspect 6 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 6 6 6 7 6 8 6 9 Headlights high and low beam clearance lights identification lights taillights stop lights side marker lights licence plate light reflectors reflective marking hazard lights and turn signals are operational and clean Front tires for cuts bulges air pressure and tread depth not less than 3 2 mm on front steering tires Rear tires for cuts bulges air pressure tread depth not less than 1 6 mm on rear tires and no debris between dual tires Mud flaps for security and condition Rims for cracks and slippage spacers for cracks or not seated properly fasteners for tightness and hub oil level is adequate if applicable Suspension for cracked or broken parts deflated or leaking airbags Frame rails and cross members for cracks or bending Door s window s grab handles and mirror s for security and provide a clear view Safety inspection d
147. s to Manitoba may operate a motor vehicle in Manitoba with their valid out of province licence for up to three months before getting a Manitoba driver s licence Testing requirements may be waived if you surrender a valid and equivalent class driver s licence from another jurisdiction For further information on new resident drivers please call 204 985 7000 or toll free 1 800 665 2410 Change of name or address You are required to notify your Autopac agent or Manitoba Public Insurance within 15 days of any change in your name or address For more information visit mpi mb ca or call us at 204 985 7000 in Winnipeg or 1 800 665 2410 outside Winnipeg Table of contents Introduction Inside front cover The class licence system Foldout Basic licensing requirements Foldout Test appointments 3 Scheduling your knowledge or road test 3 Knowledge test locations 3 Class 1 2 3 and 4 bus or school bus only road test locations 3 Air brake and or slack adjustment practical test locations 4 Mobile Test Units 4 Key points about your tests 4 Section 1 Class 1 to Class 4 driver s licence requirements 5 Medical standards 6 Medical examination report 6 Hearing 6 Vision 6 Medical re examinations 6 Knowledge test 7 Authorized Instruction 7 Road test 7 Commercial driver s licence United States 8 Commercial driver abstract 8 Vehicles with air brakes 8 Section 2 Efficient and safe vehicle operation for all classes of vehicles 9 A
148. s will give you a larger turning arc and you should not have to worry about traffic to your left side Professional Driver s Manual 65 Left turns When making left turns the driver must be aware of the off track of the rear of the vehicle or trailer being pulled The driver must make sure the trailer does not run into a vehicle stopped on the road or the median of the street that it is being turned onto There are different ways of making a left turn The driver must decide which turn to use taking into account the position of traffic on the road size of the streets and obstacles such as median hydro poles signs and light standards Remember the tractor can use any portion of the roadway that is available without interfering with other traffic while the trailer must remain in the lane or path that a car would take When making a left turn the rear wheels or the trailer wheels should be left of the centre of the intersection Practise turns in the vehicle you drive as the size and shape of the vehicle will affect the way you choose to make the turn A few options for left turns are e button hook e extended approach e lane straddling See the following examples of these turns 66 Professional Driver s Manual Button hook Used when the only room available to manoeuvre in is within the intersection the button hook to the left is performed as follows e Approach in the lane closest to the centre line or me
149. se engine rpm for shifting into a higher gear This skill will come with practice e Press down on the clutch again e Shift into the desired gear e Release the clutch pedal and press down on the accelerator at the same time If the transmission remains disengaged for too long when double clutching it may be hard to engage the gears If this happens Shift back into neutral Release the clutch pedal Increase engine rpm Press down on the clutch Try shifting into a lower gear as the vehicle speed has most likely slowed Professional Driver s Manual 2 3 When to change gears There are two ways of knowing when to change gears 1 According to the engine speed calculated in revolutions per minute rpm Engine speed is determined by the gear selected and by the amount of pressure on the accelerator To make efficient use of the engine s power the engine speed and vehicle speed must be coordinated Generally the higher the engine speed the more power there will be in a given gear To know when the gears should be changed glance at the tachometer and when the desired rpm is reached change gears Refer to the operator s manual for the proper rpm ranges for each gear on the vehicle being operated 2 According to the vehicle speed measured in kilometres per hour km h If driving a vehicle that is not equipped with a tachometer the gears will have to be changed in reference to the vehicle s speed
150. sent or expired decal Professional Driver s Manual 111 Inspect 7 4 Landing supports are in the up position and the crank handle is stowed properly Check for any damage to the loading supports and structure 7 5 Sliding bogie locking bars or pins are secure and not damaged 7 6 Spare tire for security and condition if applicable 7 7 Trailer licence plate for validity 8 Additional checks for buses 8 1 All interior lights are operational 8 2 Aisle and stairwell lights are operational 8 3 Passenger seats and handrails for security 8 4 Emergency exits and warning buzzer are operational from inside and outside if applicable 8 5 Service door control is functional 8 6 Additional auxiliary heaters or air conditioners are operational 112 Professional Driver s Manual Inspection method Visual Visual Visual Visual Visual Visual Walk the full length of the interior of the bus observe seat assemblies and attaching fixtures as well as stanchion bars Visual and Manual Activate entrance and exit door control mechanism Manual Report if Place in the up position and stow handle correctly Any damage Locking bars or pins are not secure or damaged Not secure or condition see 6 3 Licence not valid Not working Not working Any seat or attaching fixture that has a defect that may constitute a hazard to any person Any stanchion bar that is not attached in its inte
151. ssed Lane changing Curves Intersections Backing Parking lots alleys and side roads Unattended or parked vehicles Railway crossings Adverse weather conditions Reduced visibility Winter driving Winter road driving Gusting or strong winds Hydroplaning Wet brakes Skids and their causes Overbraking Overaccelerating 19 19 19 20 20 21 22 22 23 23 23 24 24 24 25 25 25 25 26 28 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 33 33 34 34 35 36 36 39 39 39 40 40 41 42 45 45 46 49 49 50 50 52 52 53 54 54 54 Professional Driver s Manual 1 Oversteering Skid control and recovery Avoiding skids Jackknifing Test yourself on Section 2 Section 3 Additional information for Class 1 and Class 3 drivers Types of vehicles Turning Turning radius Off track Turning at intersections Turning safely Right turns Button hook Extended approach Lane straddling Left turns Button hook Extended approach Lane straddling Backing a tractor and trailer Straight line backing skill test Connecting vehicles Coupling a tractor and trailer Uncoupling a tractor and trailer Vehicle and load dimensions Height Overheight Width Overwidth Length Overlength Pilot vehicles Weight Overweight Period of spring road restrictions Liability for damage by overweight vehicles Bridges Weigh stations About loads and loading Weight distribution Approximate distribution of total weight vehicle plus payload Securing loads Load projec
152. ssion could be used e N neutral for starting the engine stopping for an extended length of time and parking e R reverse for backing up bring the vehicle to a complete stop before changing from a forward gear to reverse and vice versa e D drive or 2 5 for normal forward driving conditions e 2 3 2 4 lower gears for driving with heavy loads e 2 for driving on slippery surfaces or up or down steep inclines e 1 for driving very slowly when off the highway Consult the operator s manual for information on the correct operation of the transmission Gear positions vary from one vehicle to the next Manual transmission The gear shift lever is used to change gears The gear you choose affects engine performance The right gear depends on the transmission the engine it is attached to the load the vehicle is carrying and the highway being driven on Operating a manual transmission and engaging the right gear at the right time requires a lot of practice and skill Since there are many different types of transmissions consult the operator s manual for the vehicle being driven Shift before starting down a hill Before starting down a hill select a gear and slow down to a speed that can be controlled without hard braking or the brakes may overheat and lose their braking power Shift before entering a curve Slow down to a safe speed and downshift to the correct gear before entering a curve The correct gea
153. stop it from happening again Coupling a tractor and trailer When coupling to a trailer equipped with air brakes it is important that the trailer is secured If the trailer is equipped with spring brakes the trailer brakes will remain in the applied position even if the trailer air tank is drained Trailers left parked without spring brakes should have their wheels blocked to prevent roll away Air pressure in the trailer air tank will bleed down in accordance to the amount of leakage in the trailer system If the trailer tank is drained the trailer brakes will let go The following are approved steps to follow when coupling a tractor and trailer 1 Before coupling the trailer inspect the condition of the kingpin as well as the trailer apron 2 Back the tractor in a straight line to the trailer with the fifth wheel opening in line with the trailer apron 3 Stop before the fifth wheel makes contact with the trailer apron 4 Check the fifth wheel coupler jaws to make sure they are open Check the height of the fifth wheel with the trailer apron Raise or lower the trailer landing supports as required 5 5 Connect the air lines of the braking system and the light cord to the trailer un a OE E E E p DE SSI ST OS me 6 Check that cargo in the trailer is secure and that no one is inside the trailer or behind it 7 Check that the trailer s sliding bogie lock bars pins are in position
154. t e 1103 Pacific Avenue e 420 Pembina Highway e 930 St Mary s Road French Language Services available Outside Winnipeg e Arborg 323 Sunset Boulevard e Ashern Elks Hall 2nd Avenue N e Beausejour 848 Park Avenue e Birtle Community Hall 160 Centre Street S e Brandon 731 Ist Street e Churchill Metis Heritage Hall 10 Franklin Street e Cross Lake Community Council Office Building 451 103 Ethan McLeod Dr e Dauphin 217 Industrial Road e Fisher Branch Ukrainian National Home 33 Provencher Street e Flin Flon Masonic Lodge 85 Church Street e Gillam Gillam Rec Centre 235 Mattonnabee Avenue e Grand Rapids Town Office 200 Grand Rapids Drive e Killarney Elks Hall 403 Fletcher Street E e Leaf Rapids Council Office Town Centre Mall e Lynn Lake Corner Pocket Billiards 467 Sherritt Avenue e Melita Legion Hall 95 Main Street e Neepawa Neepawa Public Library 280 Davidson Street e Norway House Kinosao Sipi Multiplex e Pine Falls Golden Leisure Club 30 Pine Street e Portage la Prairie 2007 Saskatchewan Avenue W e Russell Russell District Community Centre 106 Shell River Aves e Selkirk 1008 Manitoba Avenue e Snow Lake Royal Canadian Legion 102 Elm Street e Steinbach 91 North Front Drive French Language Services available e Swan River War Veterans Community Hall 6th Avenue N e The Pas 424 Fischer Avenue e Thompson 53 Commercial Place e Virden Le
155. t fires from leaking fuel e Ifa fire starts under the hood don t throw the hood open raise the hood very slightly to fight the fire If the hood cannot be raised spray the fire extinguisher from underneath the vehicle or through the radiator e Use the fire extinguisher only enough to knock down the flames keep some in reserve for flare ups e Water spreads fuel oil and grease fires Use fire extinguishers sand or dirt to smother the fire Fire extinguishers Multi purpose dry chemical fire extinguishers marked B C extinguish grease oil fuel and electrical fires If the cylinder is marked A B C it will also extinguish Class A fires such as paper and cloth The operator can safely use this extinguisher without fear of health hazard or bodily injury Don t use a CO2 carbon dioxide extinguisher in an enclosed space as there is danger of suffocation and it may cause blistering of the skin Fire prevention Fire prevention in and around a vehicle is easier and cheaper than a vehicle fire Practice the following rules e Never start a vehicle with a fuel leak Repair the leak wipe up any fuel spilled on the vehicle and the ground e Shut off engines when refuelling vehicles e Always ground the fuel hose nozzle against the filler pipe of the truck tank when fuelling e Don t smoke in garages or near fuelling areas e Never throw cigarette butts out of vehicle windows e Check tire pressure often So
156. t smart Managing your vehicle s momentum using smart driving techniques allows you to keep your speed more constant and increase fuel efficiency Source Technology and Maintenance Council of the American Trucking Association Source CAT Canadian American Transportation Driving Tips Professional Driver s Manual 11 Driving defensively Smart driving is both an attitude and a skill A sharp mind and shrewd decision making can go a long way toward protecting your safety and the safety of others not to mention increasing fuel efficiency Defensive driving allows you to anticipate hazards and maintain a constant speed When you drive defensively you conserve your momentum which means you don t have to continually build up lost speed Power not used is fuel not burned Here are some helpful tactics e Don t let frustration push you into making unsafe passes or other manoeuvres e Look ahead and anticipate stops It s more efficient to coast to a stop than to brake e Maintain a safe following distance of four seconds e Be aware of your blind spots and check them regularly e Be aware of your own physical and mental condition including the effects of alcohol and drugs age attitude illness fatigue emotion and diet Safe stopping Keep a safe following distance so you can always brake safely and efficiently Driving at 70 km h requires a stopping distance of about 90 m 300 ft 12 Professional
157. ted delay breakdown or accident when travelling in this isolated area can be life threatening if you are not prepared It is the driver s responsibility to arrange for his or her own assistance It may take a long time for assistance to arrive in if there is trouble Adequate clothing personal medication fuel to reach your destination vehicle and survival equipment cellular or satellite phone and or CB communication are recommended for every vehicle travelling on the winter road system First time drivers on the winter road should be accompanied by an experienced driver who can identify sharp curves slopes signing and hazardous areas All environmental accidents such as fuel spills leaks or fires involving chemicals and hazardous materials must be reported to Manitoba Environment Manitoba Transportation amp Government Services and the RCMP Immediate cleanup is required and is the responsibility of the driver transporting the dangerous goods Commercial vehicle operators are required to maintain a 24 hour daily logbook when travelling on the winter road system However due to the rapid changes in road conditions that can occur and lack of safe places to rest the driving and on duty limitations of the Drivers Hours of Service Regulation 72 2007 section 7 are exempted under permit providing the conditions of the permit are met The driver should be aware that the fatigue factor can occur and rest when required While trave
158. that is poisonous through inhalation of its vapours by skin contact or ingestion Class 7 Radioactive materials Radioactive materials within the meaning of the Atomic Energy Control Act with activity greater than 74 kBq kg Class 8 Corrosive substances a flammable gas A substance that causes visible necrosis of skin or corrodes steel or non clad aluminum Class 9 Miscellaneous products or substances 9 1 Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods a substance or product presenting dangers sufficient to warrant regulation in transport but which cannot be ascribed to any other classes 9 2 An environmentally hazardous substance 9 3 A dangerous waste Special labels and placards S DANGER amp The lading of this container or ated or Le chargement de ce conteneu vehicle has been fumig ou trait vehicule a t fumig treated with au Name of poisonous liquid solid Nom du liquide solide ou gaz or gas toxique ti loading o Avant d entrer pour charge unloading Before entering for loading or ger ou open all portals and d charger ouvrir toutes les portes test to ensure the cargo spac et v rifier que l espace est vide is free of gas de gaz Fumigation sign DANGER gt Mixed load requirement ATTENTION wans PCB DPC cos VENTILATE BEFORE ENTERING AERER AVANT D ENTRER Ventilation requirements PEELE EILA Package Special PCB orientation requirements
159. the parallel line of cones as this would be the same as hitting another trailer The applicant must stop the vehicle with the rear of the trailer within one metre before or after the last cone Once the backing skill test is completed the applicant will be required to remove the vehicle from the designated area again without touching the cones or driving outside the parallel line of cones 70 Professional Driver s Manual Connecting vehicles When connecting a tractor to a trailer the draw bars or coupling devices must be in accordance with The Highway Traffic Act and its regulations These regulations require that the device be of sufficient strength to hold the vehicles together and be tied to main parts of the frames of the vehicles If the trailer is less than 900 kg GVWR a coupling device may be attached to a strong part of the frame on the towing vehicle Except for a motor vehicle pulling a pole trailer the draw bar or coupling device between the motor vehicle and the trailer shall not exceed five metres in length When a coupling device is used other than the fifth wheel coupler an auxiliary safety chain or metal cable of equal strength to the coupling device must also be used to prevent separation in the event of the coupling device failing The trailer must not swerve or whip unreasonably when being towed by a motor vehicle If the trailer whips or swerves drivers must slow down and stop to determine the cause and
160. their arms and legs and ready access to emergency equipment No passenger may sit to the left of the driver In the case of a sedan type vehicle a maximum of two passengers in addition to the driver may be seated on the front seat and then only if there remains adequate room for the driver to operate the vehicle safely Loading and unloading passengers drga Standing passengers No passenger may stand in a position that could obstruct the driver s vision or movements Refusal to transport passengers No person may be refused passage on a public passenger vehicle when they present themselves at any regular scheduled stopping place and tender the regular fare unless at the time the vehicle s seats are fully occupied Persons may be refused passage if they are intoxicated boisterous disorderly or using profane or obscene language Passengers with disabilities Persons with disabilities may require the assistance of a licensed animal For example a guide dog may accompany a visually impaired person onto a bus Professional Driver s Manual 101 Test yourself on Section 4 How well do you understand the information contained in Section 4 The answers to these questions are found in the preceding pages of this manual 1 What is the first consideration of a driver who operates a vehicle used for the transportation of the public 2 Is it important that the driver of a bus know the length width and wheel base of t
161. tional checks for buses Interior lights Seats and handrails wheel chair restraints if applicable Emergency exits if applicable Service door s Auxiliary heaters if applicable Wheelchair lift or kneeling feature if applicable In service Inspections In addition to the trip inspection trucks and trailers should be inspected at regular intervals throughout the trip The driver should stop the vehicle clear of the travelled portion of the highway and check e wheel lugs and nuts e tires for condition pressure and overheating e hubs and drums for heat e brakes for operation see Air Brake Manual e coupling devices e load security e drive lines and oil leaks e lights and windshield visibility Record an in service inspection in the log book Post trip inspections At the end of the final trip of the day you should conduct an inspection on your vehicle This is similar to a trip inspection During this inspection you should check for any damage or defects that may have developed on your vehicle during the trip Note any defects found during this inspection and add them to the report you completed during the trip inspection at the start of that day If the vehicle is equipped with air brakes see the Air Brake Manual for additional items to be inspected Pre hill inspection Anytime a sign is posted that requires truck drivers to stop in the pull out area and inspect their brakes before proceeding down the st
162. tions Night travel by oversize vehicle Farm equipment on roads Fastening tailgate Transporting dangerous goods Classifying dangerous goods Safety marks The marks of safety Special labels and placards Dangerous goods routes 2 Professional Driver s Manual 55 55 55 57 57 59 60 61 61 61 62 62 63 64 64 65 66 66 67 68 69 70 70 71 72 73 74 75 75 75 76 76 76 76 76 77 77 77 77 78 78 80 81 82 82 82 82 83 84 84 85 87 88 Documentation Transporting explosives Transporting livestock Transporting hanging meat Transporting bulk material Transporting liquids Special driving considerations for tank trucks Transporting dry bulk Highway train Dangers of skidding and jackknifing with a highway train Highway train loading Tow truck Test yourself on Section 3 Section 4 88 89 89 90 90 90 90 91 91 92 92 92 93 Additional information for Class 2 and Class 4 drivers 95 Buses School buses Railway crossings Taxicabs Emergency vehicles Driving a bus Right turns Left turns Leaving the curb Parked car hazards Passenger safety Inside lights Cleanliness of vehicles Vehicle inspection Defects and breakdowns Fuelling Baggage Loading and unloading passengers Safety provisions Driver s vision Standing passengers Refusal to transport passengers Passengers with disabilities Test yourself on Section 4 Section 5 Vehicle trip inspection Trip inspection illustration Veh
163. urage them to overdrive their ability However vehicles the driver of a large vehicle should be when other drivers pull out to pass help them to pass cautious in the event of startling the inexperienced safely by reducing speed Avoid travelling alongside or nervous driver another vehicle for a long period of time Professional Driver s Manual 39 Lane changing With all vehicles it is important to make sure the lane is clear before changing lanes Drivers of large vehicles must exercise extreme caution because they have large blind spots that must be checked before changing lanes The proper method for changing lanes is to first check the mirrors for traffic to the side of the vehicle and any traffic that may be approaching quickly that could interfere with the lane change and then activate the turn signal in the direction of the lane change Check the mirrors again including the convex mirror if so equipped and the blind spot looking down beside the cab of the vehicle or shoulder checking depending on the vehicle If the way is still clear make the lane change leaving the turn signal on until the vehicle is completely in the new lane Large vehicles that must rely on mirrors only for their view to the rear should change only one lane at a time when on multi lane roadways Drivers who can check the roadway to the rear with a shoulder check can change more than one lane at a time on a multi laned roadway as long as the proper sign
164. ure on the pedal 12 kg start the engine Report if Interior body panels are damaged and present a hazard to any person Floor is damaged Or worn and presents a hazard to any person Dash area has defects that present a hazard to any person Steps are not clean and in good condition to prevent tripping or slipping Windows are not free from cracks or damage that may present a hazard to any person Window latches and emergency release hardware are not present or in good condition Operator s compartment has defects that may cause a hazard to the operator Audible alarm fails to function Lift safety devices fail to function as intended Lift does not complete cycle Interlock system fails to activate and release as intended Bus does not return to level position after kneeling Restraint missing or inoperative Electric motor fails to operate Brake pedal fails to move Professional Driver s Manual 113 Inspect H 3 Brake warning indicator with parking brake released H 4 Brake pedal reserve H 5 Park brake H 6 Brake performance 114 Professional Driver s Manual Inspection method Visually inspect and apply service brake pedal Test with the engine running if the vehicle is equipped with power brakes apply and maintain a moderate foot force to the service brake pedal for one minute Apply parking brake and with engine running at an idle and the transmission engaged attempt to move
165. use of head injuries suffered by thousands of Manitobans every year Seatbelts play a significant role in reducing head injuries Airbags Many vehicles are now equipped with airbags They have been shown to reduce injury in high speed collisions Airbags work because they reduce the shock of the collision by distributing the impact over a larger surface area of the body Airbags can be mounted in front of and beside the driver and front seat passenger Some vehicles may also have side curtain airbags which cover the side windows front and back The area in front of airbags must be kept clear do not place items on the dash where the airbag is located If your vehicle is equipped with airbags you should position your seat to a position that is also at least 25 cm from the steering wheel This allows room for the airbag to inflate and protects you from further injury Consult your owner s manual for safety precautions In a few instances you may need to deactivate an airbag You must have approval from Transport Canada to do this For more information call Transport Canada at 1 800 333 0371 Distractions Distractions can be dangerous because they reduce your ability to respond as quickly as you should to emergencies For example studies show that there is a direct connection between cellphones and dangerous driving Drivers who talk or text on a cellphone while they re behind the wheel significantly increase their crash risk
166. verbraking overacceleration or oversteering the rear end of the vehicle may skid swing out to the left or right If the back end of the vehicle starts to skid steer the vehicle in the direction of the skid Avoiding skids The following rules will help you avoid a skid from taking place e Reduce the vehicle speed according to road conditions e Keep enough space between your vehicle and others on the roadway This is especially important on slippery road surfaces e When braking a vehicle that is pulling a trailer check the trailer in the rearview mirror If the trailer starts to skid slightly release pressure on the brake pedal e Avoid using the trailer brake hand valve by itself Professional Driver s Manual 55 56 Professional Driver s Manual If the rear end of the vehicle skids to the left steer to the left to straighten out the vehicle then when it is almost straight steer to the right so the vehicle does not start to skid in the opposite direction When the vehicle straightens out steer straight ahead If the rear end of the vehicle skids to the right steer to the right to straighten out the vehicle then when it is almost straight steer to the left so the vehicle does not start to skid in the opposite direction When the vehicle straightens out steer straight ahead Jackknifing Test yourself on Section 2 A jackknife is when the tractor moves to an angle of 90 or less to th
167. y age who have suffered an irreversible brain injury as in a motor vehicle accident or a brain hemorrhage Organs and tissues that can be donated include kidneys heart lungs liver pancreas small bowel corneas bones and joints skin and heart valves Here s what you can do e Transplant Manitoba and Tissue Bank Manitoba offer an on line organ donation registry at signupforlife ca When you register your intent to be an organ and tissue donor your decision is recorded in a Manitoba eHealth database At the appropriate time your donation decision will be shared with your family so they can honour your decision e Sign a donor card Simply cut out the card complete the information and keep it with your Manitoba Health Registration Certificate or driver s licence so it s visible for law enforcement and hospital officials Note Drivers under 18 years of age require the signature of a parent or guardian You are encouraged to use the on line registry even if you Carry a signed donor card Information on a signed card is not recorded in a Manitoba Health database and so may not be available when needed It is important that you discuss your wishes regarding organ and tissue donation with your family Other people you may want to inform are your clergy and family doctor A Living Will is another place where you can record your wishes Professional Driver s Manual 123 124 Professional Driver s Manual Professiona

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