Xminilab User`s Manual
Contents
1. 14 Set BODACT to BOD enabled in sampled mode 15 Set BODLVL to 2 9V 16 Click Program 17 After updating the firmware make sure to recalibrate the device FS DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 30 Xminilab User s Manual 9 Frequently Asked Questions 1 What tools do need to develop my own programs on the Xminilab Besides the power supply you need an external programmer such as the AVR ISP 2 or a debugger such as the AVR JTAGICE mkll or the AVR ONE Software Tools e Integrated Development Environment AVR Studio 4 e C Compiler included in the WinAVR package WinAVR at sourceforge 2 Can the waveform generator and the oscilloscope run simultaneously Yes the waveform generator runs on the background The AWG uses the DMA so it doesn t need any CPU intervention 3 How do power the Xminilab The Xminilab can be powered thru the micro USB port Alternatively the Xminilab can be powered by connecting a 5V power supply on the 5V pin Do not connect a 5V power supply and the USB at the same time 4 Can connect the Xminilab to the computer to control the oscilloscope and get the data Yes you can use the Xminilab PC Interface A UART to USB cable will be required 5 Can connect the Xminilab to the computer using the USB for firmware updates No a PDI programmer will be needed for firmware updates 6 How much power can the Xminilab supply The Xminilab can also power external devices This is the maximum2. 2 5 2 FFT Windows To reduce the spectral leakage an FFT window function must be applied Three FFT window types are available Hamming 0 53836 0 46164 COS 2 me NT Figure 28 Hamming Window and sine frequency response A i Figure 29 Hann Window and sine frequency response e Cosine SIN zt FFTy 1 Figure 30 Cosine Window and sine frequency response e Hann 0 5 x COS 2 TT zi Se FS DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 16 Xminilab User s Manual 2 6 Cursors You can measure waveform data using cursors Cursors are horizontal and vertical markers that indicate X axis values usually time and Y axis values usually voltage on a selected waveform source The position of the cursors can be moved on the respective menu Figure 32 shows the cursor menus More Cursor Options pues Move cursor down Figure 31 Cursor menus 2 6 1 Vertical Cursors CHL 1 zBU di Time interval measurements are made with a pair of time markers The oe oscilloscope automatically calculates the time difference between the two markers and displays the difference as a delta time Additionally the oscilloscope calculates the inverse of the delta time which is the frequency of the selected period 2 6 2 Horizontal Cursors Voltage measurements are made with a pair of voltage markers to determine 1 or 2 specific voltage points on a waveform The oscilloscope automatically ca
3. The decoding starts at the first vertical cursor and ends at the second vertical cursor 8 bits are decoded If the cursors are disabled then the decoding is done from the start of the screen to the end The data can be decoded MSB first or LSB first depending on the position of the first vertical cursor EI Zuztd FARALLEL SERIAL Figure 38 Serial Decoding 3 7 Protocol Sniffer When the Xminilab is in Sniffer mode a small text appears on the screen indicating where to hook up the signals As soon as the data is received the data is displayed in pages There are 16 pages of data To browse thru the pages use the buttons K2 and K3 In the UART and SPI sniffers the data can be displayed in HEX or ASCII press K2 and K3 simultaneously to toggle between them If using ASCII note that letters will be always uppercase and only codes 0x20 thru 0x7A will show valid characters To stop and start the sniffer press the K1 button 3 8 Sniffers Modes e Normal mode Continuous operation when the buffer is filled all pages are erased and the index goes back to page 1 e Single mode The sniffer will stop when the buffer is filled e Circular mode New data will be placed at the end of the last page and older data will be shifted towards the first page FS DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 20 Xminilab User s Manual 3 9 12C Sniffer Connect SDA to Bit 0 SCL to Bit 1 The Xminilab implements the 12C sniffing in a bit bang
4. Trigger level Decrease trigger level a Increase trigger level Logic Trigger Select 3 ales Em Figure 12 Trigger menus 2 3 1 Trigger Types There are four different trigger types which determine when to display the trace on the screen e Normal Trace only when the trigger event occurs e Single One trace is displayed when the trigger event occurs e Auto Trace when the trigger event occurs or after a timeout e Free Trace continuously ignoring the trigger 2 3 2 Trigger Modes Two triggering modes are available After selecting the trigger mode the next menu will allow setting the specific trigger value e Edge The trigger occurs when the signal crosses a defined level This is the most common trigger mode The trigger mark is represented on the display Figure 13 Edge Trigger as a rising or falling arrow e Slope The trigger occurs when the difference between two consecutive samples is greater than a predefined value This is useful for detecting spikes or for detecting high frequency signals The trigger mark is represented on the screen as two small lines with a size proportional to the trigger value Figure 14 Slope trigger Page 13 DQ DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Xminilab User s Manual 2 3 3 Post Trigger The oscilloscope is continuously acquiring samples in a circular buffer Once the trigger event occurs the oscilloscope will acquire more samples spec
5. 256 Voltage level 3 3V Oscilloscope specifications 2 Analog Inputs Maximum Sampling rate 2MSPS Analog Bandwidth 200kHz Resolution 8bits Input Impedance 1MQ Buffer size per channel 256 Input Voltage Range 14V to 20V AWG specifications 1 Analog Output Maximum conversion rate 1MSPS Analog Bandwidth 44 1kHz Resolution 8bits Output current gt 7mA Buffer size 256 Output Voltage 2V Weight 25 grams FS DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 8 Xminilab User s Manual Dimensions OSZT OSST O O O O O O O E a A A A A AA AAA G3 a aa A A A A A AA C2 0 Figure 4 Xminilab dimensions 1 4 Factory Setup The device can enter factory options if the MENU key Is pressed during power up The following options are available 1 Offset calibration The unit is calibrated before being shipped but calibration is required again if the firmware is updated 2 Sleep timeout Sets the time to shut down the display and put the microcontroller to sleep after the last key press Shutting down the OLED extends its life The current consumption is also reduced 3 Restore defaults Select this function to restore to the default the settings There are many settings on the device if you are not familiar with them this function is useful to set the device to a known state 1 5 Quick Start Guide Take the Xminilab out of the packaging Included is an
6. and 2 09V more than 5 5V the negative voltage generator would be the first component to get damaged If all fails and if the device is under warranty you can send it back for repairs FS DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 32 Xminilab User s Manual 11 Xminilab Design 11 1 System Architecture The Xminilab uses many resources and peripherals of the XMEGA microcontroller Figure 45 shows the Xminilab s Architecture block diagram Timer TCC1 Timer TCCO System Timer TCEO Event CHO Trigger Post Trieger amp Architecture For ADC es gg timeout UART sniffer CHO Gain Stage d Analog ADC CHO pe DMA CHO Input CHO Analog CH1 Gain Input CH1 i RATERS DMA CH1 EPRRERRRRRRERRT Digital DMA CH2 Inputs dela A DACCHO te DMA CH3 amplifier Timer TCD1 Timer RTC for refresh Screensaver rate time check Timer TCDO For DAC Figure 44 Xminilab Architecture Block Diagram FS DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 33 lab User s Manual ini Xm 11 2 Schematics E ci ge TERE 33V C18 C19 CO 01u Otu Gig R24 EXT 3 00k Ar DIS CON3 TRIG J3 CONS LOGIC ANALYZER RT 20 0k ECL A UA R14 20 0k R15 180k dz 313 D CONT CONT CONT CON GOETGss p9 X BeT September 2011 al Figure 45 Xminilab Schematic Page 34 DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 D
7. arrive with no time reference S T CHD data 256 bytes CH1 settings 3 bytes CH2 settings 3 bytes CHD settings 5 bytes General settings 10 bytes AWG settings 9 bytes Send settings G character which signals the PC that the Xminilab is ready Then the PC sends the data CH1 settings 3 bytes CH2 settings 3 bytes CHD settings 5 bytes General settings 10 bytes AWG settings 9 bytes Then the Xminilab sends a T character which signals the PC that the data was received W Request EE waveform EE Wave data 256 bytes V X Send EE waveform G character which signals the PC that the Xminilab is ready Then the PC sends the data EE wave 256 bytes d Request settings Then the Xminilab sends a T character which signals the PC that the data was received C Request BMP 128x64 Monochrome BMP using the XModem protocol A n nuu Table 6 Xminilab Command Set FS DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 27 Xminilab User s Manual 7 BMP Screen Capture PA A o 7 1 To send a BMP screen capture to a PC You can send a screen capture of the oscilloscope to your PC using HyperTerminal All oscilloscope bitmaps in this manual where generated using this method e Open HyperTerminal e Enter a name for a new connection example scope e Enter the COM port where the device is connected e Select 115200 bits per second 8 data bits Parity None 1 Stop bit Flow control None Se
8. current on each voltage 5V Will be the same as the power source minus 60mA 3 3V Approximately 200mA but this subtracts from the available current on the 5V line 7 What is the maximum frequency that can measure with the Xminilab The analog bandwidth is set at 200kHz However you can still measure frequencies up to almost Nyquist 2 i e 1MHz The FFT analysis will be particularly useful to measure high frequencies 8 Can I measure voltages above 20V Yes by adding a 9Mohm resistor on the input Since the input impedance of the device is 1Mohm the voltage will is divided by 10 This is the equivalent of using a 10 1 probe 9 Are the logic inputs 5V tolerant No the logic inputs are not 5V tolerant An easy solution would be to place a 3K resistor in series with the 5V signal this will work for signals with a frequency lower than 200kHz Another solution would be to use a voltage translator chip 10 The source code says evaluation version can I get the full version The full source code is currently not open The evaluation source code does not contain the MSO application The HEX file does contain the full version of the oscilloscope FS DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 31 Xminilab User s Manual 11 What is the current consumption of the Xminilab Between 40mA and 60mA depending on how many pixels are lit on the OLED 12 There is a new firmware for the Xminilab how do update Follow the instruct
9. the analog channels One gain division consists of 16 pixels Gain Volts Division 80m 0 16 032 064 128 256 512 Table 4 Gain Settings The current gain settings for the analog channels are shown in the top right part of the display If the SHOW setting of the display is enabled 2 2 3 Channel Position The position of the waveform can be moved up or down in the Channel Position menu 2 2 4 Channel Invert The channel can be inverted The displayed waveform and channel calculations will be affected 2 2 5 Channel Math Add The channel trace will be replaced with CH1 CH2 To display CH1 CH2 Multiply The channel trace will be replaced with CH1xCH2 first invert CH2 and then select Average The channel samples will be averaged the ADD function Channel Math Examples I asi Figure 11 Two signals Figure 10 CH1 CH2 Figure 9 CH1xCH2 FS DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 12 2 3 Trigger Settings Xminilab User s Manual The Xminilab has an advance triggering system it has most of the trigger controls of a professional oscilloscope Figure 13 shows all the trigger menus ieee eren CIC mem DITE Logic Trigger Select 1 mere Trigger Type Menu Toggle Free Normal Single Trigger Toggle Free Auto Pal Post Trigger Post Trigger K2 Decrease of samples DEER Logic Trigger Select 2 alee fees ae eon lass Adjust Trigger Level
10. 2 analog and 8 digital channels are sampled simultaneously Any of these 10 channels can be shown on the display Figure 23 shows the oscilloscope mode and the various sections of the display are detailed Trigger mark Scope Settings Channel Gain Time Base Figure 22 Oscilloscope Mode FS DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 15 Xminilab User s Manual 2 5 Spectrum Analyzer FFT Menu Set FFT mode If only interested in one channel turn off the other DE po ein Figure 23 Spectrum Analyzer menus vertical display channel to maximize the The spectrum analyzer is done by calculating the Fast Fourier Transform FFT CHL o 2eU di CHE o BYU fd of the selected analog channels or the math functions if enabled Figure 24 shows 1 mofa the FFT menus When Spectrum Analyzer is enabled the display of the FFT spectrum is plotted as frequency vs magnitude The horizontal axis represents the frequency Hertz and the vertical axis represents the magnitude Figure 25 shows the Xminilab in Soectrum Analyzer Mode Figure 24 Spectrum Analyzer Mode 2 5 1 Logarithm display The log is useful when analyzing low level components on the signal When analyzing audio it is also very useful as it maps more directly to how humans perceive sound The actual function performed is y 16 log x rar FFT HINDOH LOG FFT HINDOH Figure 27 Triangle Wave Figure 25 FFT without Log Figure 26 FFT with Log Example
11. NS YN Gabotronics PO BOX 1104 n a i EN N Ellenton FL 34222 Xminilab User s Manual www gabotronics com Features e Mixed Signal Oscilloscope Simultaneous sampling of 2 analog and 8 digital signals e Advanced Trigger Normal Single Auto Free with edge or slope types rising or falling adjustable trigger level and ability to view signals prior to the trigger e Meter Mode VDC VPP and Frequency readout e XY Mode For plotting Lissajous figures V l curves or checking the phase difference between two waveforms Figure 1 Xprotolab Top View e Spectrum Analyzer with different windowing options and selectable vertical log e Protocol Sniffer SPI C UART The Xminilab is a combination of three electronic Arbitrary Waveform Generator with frequency sweep instruments a mixed signal oscilloscope an arbitrary e Channel Math add multiply invert and average waveform generator and a protocol sniffer all housed in a small 1 x1 6 DIP module The Xminilab can also be used as a development board for the AVR XMEGA waveform measurements and waveform references microcontroller e Display options Persistence Different grid options Description e Horizontal and Vertical Cursors with automatic Display External 128x64 MEO UOS Interface 4 Tactile External Switches XMEGA rigger Microcontroller 8 Digital Analog Inputs 0 Output Analog Analog Input CH1 Input CH2 Figure 2 Xminilab Block D
12. XMEGA based device 8 1 Tools required e AVRISP mxkil or similar PDI capable programmer e AVR Studio 4 IDE Integrated Development Environment e HEX and EEP files for the device found on the product s page Look for the HEX icon A regular AVR programmer might not work the programmer needs to be PDI capable PDI is the new interface to program XMEGA microcontrollers 8 2 Instructions to install the tools e Install AVR Studio and USB driver e Connect the programmer to the computer and auto install the hardware A more detailed guide on how to install the tools is found here http www atmel com dyn resources prod documents AVRISPmkll UG pdf 8 3 Instructions to update the firmware 1 Start AVR Studio 2 Connectthe cable from the AVRISP to the PDI connector on the board 3 Power the board 4 Pressthe Display the Connect dialog button em Alternatively you can go to this menu Tools Program AVR Connect 5 Select your programmer and port AVRISP mkll and AUTO or USB 6 Inthe MAIN tab select the device ATXMEGA32A4 7 Inthe programming mode select PDI 8 To check that everything is ok press the Read Signature button You will see a message saying that the device matches the signature 9 Goto the PROGRAM tab 10 In the Flash section look for the HEX file and click Program 11 In the EEPROM section look for the EEP file and click Program 12 Go to the FUSES tab 13 Set BODPD to BOD enabled in sampled mode
13. ace will be available in the PC application s help IT Gabotronics Xprotolab d Oscilloscope Arbitrary Waveform Generator Spectrum Analyzer Options Honzonital Vertical Trigger CH cH2 LOGIC MATH REF Sei Postion Gen Trace CHi a i Invest ams l Average Edge A P FFT J Rising El Color A Falling Type la Fre C Auto Homa Single Force CH2 2 56 dme Time 512445 dm Trigger Figure 41 Xminilab PC interface FS DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 23 Xminilab User s Manual 6 Interface Protocol ch 01011011 The Xminilab can communicate to external devices thru the serial port using the Interface Protocol Follow the protocol to make your own applications to interface the Xminilab or to port the PC application to other platforms 6 1 UART settings Data Bits 8 Baud rate 115200 Parity None Stop Bits One Handshaking None 6 2 Control data 6 2 1 CH1 and CH2 settings 3 bytes 1 Channel Position 2 Option bitfield Bit 0 Channel on Bit 1 x10 probe Bit 2 x100 probe Bit 3 x1000 probe Bit 4 Invert channel Bit 5 Average samples Bit 6 Math Active either addition or multiplication Bit 7 Math operation addition or multiplication 3 Channel Gain 6 2 2 CHD settings 5 bytes 1 Channel Position 2 Input Mask 3 Option bitfield Bit 0 Channel on Bit 1 Invert cha
14. decode data at high speed But the SPI s MISO pin decoding is implemented in software using bit banging so the maximum clock allowed will be limited The screen is split in two the left side is use for the MOSI line and the right side is used for the MISO line Each side can show 40 bytes per page With 16 pages a total of 640 bytes can be stored for each decoded line FS DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 21 Xminilab User s Manual r 4 Arbitrary Waveform Generator az The Xminilab has an embedded arbitrary waveform generator The waveform generator is independent autonomous module that is always running in the background You can adjust all the parameters of the waveform frequency amplitude offset and duty cycle Figure 41 shows the AWG Menus d AWG Menu 2 d AWG Menu 3 DN Select Sine Wave EN DII Adjust Frequency Frequency Decrease Frequency Increase Frequency 4 1 Predefined Waveforms The Xminilab can output the standard waveforms of a function generator sine triangle and square It can also output a custom waveform which is initially set with an exponential Triangle Wave Table 5 The custom wave is preset with an exponential but can be changed with the PC Xminilab Interface 4 2 Frequency Sweep The Xminilab has a SWEEP feature which increases the frequency of the wave automatically on each screen refresh of the oscilloscope The start and end frequencies are automat
15. e S div Table 3 Time divisions At 8uS div CH2 is not displayed 2 1 2 Technical Details 5 There are two distinct sampling methods Fast Sampling and Slow Sampling Fast Sampling 10mS div or faster All samples are acquired to fill the buffer and then they are displayed on the screen Only 128 samples of the 256 are visible at a single time Slow Sampling 20mS div or slower Single samples are acquired and simultaneously displayed on the display All 256 samples are visible on the display each vertical line will have at least two samples 2 1 3 Horizontal Position The horizontal position can be varied on the Fast Sampling time bases There are 256 samples for each channel but only 128 can be displayed on the screen When the acquisition is stopped the full sample buffer can be explored with the K2 and K3 buttons 2 1 4 Auto Setup The Auto Setup feature will find the optimum gain and time base for the signals being applied on CH1 and CH2 FS DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 11 Xminilab User s Manual 2 2 Vertical Settings The analog channel controls are discussed in this section Figure 9 shows the Vertical menu flow Decrease gain have identical settings Increase gain lt Figure 8 Vertical menus 2 2 1 Disable Channel Any channel can be disabled this is useful to reduce clutter on the display 2 2 2 Channel Gain Table 4 shows the possible gain settings for
16. e figure 43 COMI Properties ma Figure 42 HyperTerminal Settings e Inthe Transfer menu select Receive File e Enter a folder where to save the file and use the XMODEM protocol See figure 44 V DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 28 Xminilab User s Manual ll Receive File EG Place received file in the following folder g Browse Use receiving protocol Kmodem y com com Figure 43 Receive File Settings e Enter a file name with a BMP extension and press OK 7 2 To send a BMP screen capture to Linux Create the following script and save as capture sh S echo Please enter filename e g capture bmp A ad e read name t h stty F 1 115200 capturc s rx c name lt 1 gt 1 To use make the script executable with chmod x capture sh Then enter capture sh into a terminal followed by the serial device for example capture sh dev ttyUSBO Then enter a name for the bmp image including the bmp file extension f 600 matthew matthew laptop File Edit View Terminal Help matthewanatthew laptop capture sh dev ttyUSBO A Please enter filename e g capture bmp scope imp rx ready to receive scope bmp Bytes received 1152 BPS 562 Transfer complete matthewamatthew laptop FS DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 29 Xminilab User s Manual 8 Firmware Updating te This guide will show how to upgrade the firmware on your AVR
17. e is drawn from one sample to the next e Pixel A single pixel represents a sample The pixel display is useful at slow sampling rates or when used in combination with the persistent mode Figure 36 shows the pixel display Figure 35 Pixel Display 2 7 3 Show scope settings Toggles the display of the scope settings Channel gain and time base 2 7 4 Grid Type There are 4 different grid types No grid Dots for each division Vertical dots represent the scale divisions Horizontal dots represent the time base setting and the ground level of each channel Vertical grid line follow trigger Vertical dots represent the position of the trigger the location of the vertical dots follow the trigger position Horizontal dots represent the time base setting and the ground level of each channel Dot graticule The screen is filled with dots that represent the vertical and horizontal divisions 2 7 5 Flip Display The display orientation is flipped This is useful when mounting the Xminilab on a panel and the display s orientations is backwards 2 7 6 Invert Display When enabled the display s pixels are inverted the display will have a white background FS DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 18 Xminilab User s Manual 3 Logic Analyzer and Protocol Sniffer The Xminilab has an 8 bit logic analyzer and can do sniffing on standard protocols I2C UART and SPI The logic inputs are 3 3V level the logic inp
18. elem ONU EE TU T wm 14 24 ee 15 DAN IG ee 15 S y DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 3 Xminilab User s Manual 2A A MOOC E 15 P T MEPO ela ees heb UU IN T 15 DO CIO AE te 16 2 5 1 JOMA Je VE 16 LIZ FEE le tee 16 P E DOE E N EE 17 Zs WETICE roc Er 17 ZO HOOMA eire aaa OR 17 P E ele Le lee Eiere E 17 204 a E DEE 17 E ES PP T T MM 17 AN o A BR Re ore ere oe 18 2 7 1 RESISTIDO si isa 18 25 2 INE o da RE ee 18 PAS DNOM COPES EE 18 E En e e EE 18 ES A A A Een 18 A AA O EE 18 3 Logic Analyzer and Protocol LCE 19 DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 4 Xminilab User s Manual 7 3A MENU 19 SL CIS e teg EE 19 OA MEE ele RT STE 19 or Ne el We RPP E ES 19 So o ear a EE 20 o a A A 20 QE tore En UE 20 Sisters MOGO EE 20 E E EE 21 3 10 UART A O A 21 3 11 SPISA O beet 21 Arbitrary Waveform Generalor ai e siii 22 MN Predetned NV ONC o MR NR T 22 AZ uie sae YS WS SO NI UU m N 22 ee MA T UT Tm 23 GS TTS e Leg RETE ee eee 23 Inlernace PIOIOC Ol oho eee Rae See 24 OSASUNA ti 24 GAC ONTOLOGIO ra E Um 24 6 2 1 COINS El Le SOV EE 24 62 2 CHDSEMIAGS Si DV ICS id 24 6 2 3 GeNneralseriinGs C10 DVIS WEE 25 OA AWG SEMAIA CS EE 26 OCCT EE 26 BMP screen CODI Sin 28 S y DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 5 Xminilab User s Manual 10 11 1 To send a BMP screen capture to da PE 28 7 2 VOSENG OC BMF Creen cabe Ton X
19. fashion The maximum clock frequency is 400kHz Standard I2C Fast Speed As the data is decoded the data in HEX will appear on the screen accompanied by a symbol When the Master initiates a read lt is an ACK and is a NACK When the Master initiates a write gt is an ACK and is a NACK Subsequent data in the frame will be accompanied by for ACK or a for NACK There are 16 pages of data each page shows 64 bytes gt the total memory for the I2C sniffer is 1024 bytes Example communicating to a Sib70 Programmable oscillator 55 gt 07 4 Master initiates Write to slave 55 byte address 7 55 05 42 B6 04 79 9A Master initiates Read to slave 55 then reads 6 bytes 3 10 UART Sniffer Connect RX to Bit 2 TX to Bit 3 The Xminilab can decode both the TX and RX lines of the UART at the standard baud rates 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 57600 115200 The screen is split in two the left side is used for the RX line and the right side is used for the TX line Each side can show 40 bytes per page With 16 pages a total of 640 bytes can be stored for each decoded line i di z os nM B Bi Hz BH A LG B T 08 08 HIT EB Ci DT Os DE 08 09 Ho Bi 3 Hz O8 LH Figure 39 UART Sniffer screen 3 11 SPI Sniffer Connect the Select to Bit 4 MOSI to Bit 5 MISO to Bit 6 SCK to Bit 7 The Xminilab can decode both the MOSI and MISO lines of an SPI bus The SPI s MOSI pin decoding is done in hardware so it can
20. iagram FS DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 1 Xminilab User s Manual About this manual This manual targets both novice and advanced users providing a full resource for everyone However for a full understanding of the operation of the Xminilab the user should be familiar with the operation of a regular oscilloscope The features documented in this manual are for hardware version 2 1 and firmware version 1 41 Conventions CH1 Analog Channel 1 CH2 Analog Channel 2 CHD Logic Inputs Fast Sampling 10mS div or faster Slow Sampling 20mS div or slower ml Helpful tip Technical Detail Revision History Version Date Notes 1 0 September 2011 First revision 1 1 October 2011 Modified revision for the Xminilab FS DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 2 Xminilab User s Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS La Genera O EE 7 E IFES deeg 1 2 AD OWIE MOXIMUN TRONOS A ico 7 pes ee Lee te EE 8 a ao Ss AAA 9 ESTOS eo REV O PP A A M CO NOTED NETTES 9 EU Sa A PP O 10 Me Syno Nese MNO A tutatus Quer A 10 2 Mixed signal OscllloSCODS aaa ia 11 21 eigene tel S eN EE 1 E IMUM ONS E 11 P S VN CTA NCC DETAILS rr RAR AAA AA UA RS 11 AE a ire a de EE 11 2 AO SS a o m M IE 1 ZAR EEN 12 2 2 1 Beleg e t Tr 12 222 RINGING SC E 12 P SICH AICO SIMO sate chee E malay yee ate ESTEE 12 De SOM A ed 12 AAS O qrelaa iu ola rm 12 heeten Tee 13 2 3 1 WASTE UU UU Uu UT 13 VACP MEE doe ee 13 jS FEM O A T UU EUER Em 14 ST MEN
21. ically determined by the current sampling rate Since the sweep is synchronized with the oscilloscope displaying perfect frequency plots is a breeze To make a frequency plot set the mode to FFT and set the display to persistent FS DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 22 Xminilab User s Manual 4 3 Technical Details 5 The waveform is stored in a 256 byte long buffer this buffer is fed to the XMEGA s DAC thru the DMA Once the waveform is set the waveform will be generated without any CPU intervention The maximum conversion rate of the DAC is 1MSPS this limits the maximum output frequency of the AWG as a system For example if the AWG is generating a sinewave with 256 points the maximum frequency is 3906 25Hz If generating a sinewave with only 32 points the maximum frequency is 31 25KHz The AWG amplifier has a low pass filter of 44 1KHz The predefined AWG Frequency range is 1 91Hz thru 62500 Hz The resolution of the waveform generator varies depending on the frequency range the lower the frequency the higher the resolution 125000 F Cycl requency ycles od 41 Cycles Integer number with these possible values 1 2 4 8 Period Integer number with values between 0 and 65535 Note that the possible frequencies are discrete 5 PC Interface The Xminilab can communicate to a PC using the USB port Figure 42 shows a snapshot of the PC interface A more detailed description regarding the PC interf
22. ified by the Post Trigger value The ability to show samples before or after the trigger occurs is one of the most powerful features of a digital sampling oscilloscope Depending on the post trigger settings different parts of a signal can be displayed Consider the signal on figure 16 Figure 15 Sample signal Even though the buffer sample is relatively small any section of the shown figure can be analyzed by varying the post trigger Examples A Post trigger O don t acquire more signals after the trigger Only the signals that occurred before the trigger event are shown i Figure 16 Post trigger value equal zero Post trigger 50 of the sample buffer default setting Half of the buffer contains samples before the trigger and half contains the samples after the trigger gt Figure 17 Post trigger 50 of sample buffer Post trigger 100 of the sample buffer Only signals immediately after the trigger event are shown Figure 18 Post trigger 10096 of buffer The actual post trigger value can vary between 0 and 32768 samples so you can explore the signal after a very long time after the trigger event has occurred but with a high post trigger value the refresh rate of the scope will be reduced 2 3 4 Trigger Source Any analog or digital channel can be the trigger source If selecting a digital channel the slope trigger mode is not applicable The external trigger input is an additional digital trigge
23. ions on section 8 13 How does the Xminilab compare to other digital oscilloscopes You can check this comparison table http www gabotronics com resources hobbyists oscilloscopes htm 10 Troubleshooting Is the Xminilab not working Check out these tips 1 The unit does not power up If using the USB connector to power try applying 5V directly instead with another power supply 2 The unit powers up but the MSO is not working Try restoring the default settings Press K4 during power up then select Restore 3 The screen turns off after a certain amount of time This is the screen saver in action The screen saver time can be changed in factory options to disable this feature set a time equal to O 4 A particular button doesn t work There might be shorted pins on the microcontroller Check for debris or solder bridges Using a solder wick on the pins will help 5 When powering up the splash screen stays for a very long time more than 4 seconds The crystal is defective or the traces on the crystal are shorted 6 It still isn t working If you have a multimeter and want to try to fix yourself check the following voltages If any of the voltages are wrong there might be a defective part e Voltage at 5V should be between 4 75 and 5 25V If the unit is powered with e Voltage at 5V should be between 4 75 and 5 25V e Voltage at 3 3V should be between 3 2 and 3 4V e Voltage at pin 8 of U3 should be between 2 00
24. lculates the voltage difference between the two markers and displays the difference as a delta voltage value 2 6 3 Automatic Cursors The device will try to automatically measure the waveform Figure 33 Horizontal Cursors e Vertical Cursors The device will try to a full or half cycle of the selected waveform If both CH1 and CH2 are enabled the channel with the most amplitude will be used e Horizontal Cursor The selected horizontal cursor will be set with the maximum and minimum points of the waveform 2 6 4 Lock Cursors Same as the automatic cursors but it is performed continuously 2 6 5 Reference Waveform A snapshot is taken of the analog waveforms to be used as reference waveforms The reference waveforms are stored in non volatile memory FS DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 17 Xminilab User s Manual 2 7 Display Settings These menus control various characteristics of the display Figure 35 show the display menus Display Menu More Display Options et m serie moms Invert Display Figure 34 Display menus 2 7 1 Persistent Display When the persistent display is enabled the waveform traces are not erased The persistent display is useful as a simple data logger or to catch glitches in the waveform The persistent mode can also be used to make frequency plots in combination with the AWG frequency sweep 2 7 2 Line Pixel Display This menu item selects the drawing method e Line A lin
25. nnel Bit 2 Thick line when logic 0 Bit 3 Pull input Bit 4 Pull up down S DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 24 Xminilab User s Manual 4 Decode parameters bitfield Bit O SPI Clock Polarity Bit 1 SPI Clock Phase Bit 2 Use UART parity Bit 3 UART parity odd or even Bit 4 UART 1 or 2 stop bits Bit 5 6 7 UART Baud rate 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 57600 115200 5 Decode option bitfield Bit 0 Serial Hex Display Bit 1 Parallel Hex Display Bit 2 I2C decoding Bit 3 RS232 decoding Bit 4 SPI decoding Bit 5 Use ASCII with RS232 6 2 3 General settings 10 bytes 1 Trigger Cursors Bit O Free trigger Bit 1 Normal trigger Bit 2 Single trigger Bit 3 Auto trigger Bit 4 CH1 Horizontal Cursor on Bit 5 CH2 Horizontal Cursor on Bit 6 Vertical Cursor on Bit 7 Lock Automatic Cursors Only one trigger type must be set 2 FFT Options bitfield Bit 0 Hamming window Bit 1 Hann window Bit 2 Cosine window Bit 3 unused Bit 4 Apply logarithm to FFT Bit 5 Calculate VDC Bit 6 Calculate VPP 3 MSO settings bitfield Bit 0 AWG sweep Bit 1 Trigger falling or rising Bit 2 Scope stopped Bit 3 unused FS DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 25 Xminilab User s Manual Bit 4 Mode MSO Bit 5 Mode Multimeter Bit 6 Mode FFT Bit 7 Mode X Y Only one mode must be set 4 Sampling rate 5 6 Number of Post Trigger samples unsigned int 16 7 Trigger sou
26. optional 2x3 pin header used for programming the microcontroller via the PDI interface There is a protective film on the display which can be removed Place the Xminilab on a breadboard and apply power The Xminilab can be powered with either the USB or with an external power supply by applying 5V on the corresponding pin Double check your connections because the Xminilab WILL get damaged if applying power on the wrong pin Connect the AWG pin to CH1 Press the K2 and K3 keys simultaneously auto setup The screen should look like figure 6 Figure 5 Quick start FS DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 9 Xminilab User s Manual 1 6 User Interface The K4 button is the MENU button used to navigate thru all the menus The K1 K3 buttons action depend on the current menu The green arrows represent the flow when pressing the MENU button When the MENU button is pressed on the last menu the Xminilab settings are saved and the menu goes back to the default Figure 7 shows the main menus in blue and some important submenus in yellow Further ramifications are shown on the respective chapters Default Menu nomenushown J S Logic Inputs Menu D DICT REN E Decrease Sampling Rate sis JE dE a 2 Trigger Menu Trigger Type Menu rigger Source Menu i If confused ala while navigating the i ee Cursor Menu menus it is easy to Ki Vertical Cursors go back to the defa
27. oreina petu pes p dcliex uti aestu da eum dde essetis 29 Firmware Te te Le Vu Te Perec er Rerer ener enor Eryn Ee aa ne ST men DU doo 30 BOOMS 1S CUS WEE 30 OZ VAST TOMS TOMS IMTS TOO EE 30 6 oO INSIFUCTONS TO update the TIED ONC NAAA A 30 FFEGUENTIY Asked QUESTIONS a SAA 31 TFOUDIESMOONING DEE 32 n Till le DES ON ios 33 11 1 SY STS AS NTE CIU ee 33 Mz DCA A aa E ne E T A E AT 34 S 3 DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 6 Xminilab User s Manual 1 General Overview 1 1 Pin Description gt E E 01234567 GND CHI CH2 AWG EXT T Logic 3 3V 5V Figure 3 Back Signals Name Description Comment I2C Sniffer signal SCL Table 1 Pin description 1 2 Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Minimum Maximum Unit External Trigger Operating Temperature 40 70 C Storage Temperature 29 80 Table 2 Absolute Maximum Ratings C FS DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 7 Xminilab User s Manual 1 3 Specifications General Specifications ATXMEGA32A4U 36KB Flash 4KB SRAM 1KB EEPROM Graphic OLED display 2 42 128x64 pixels 40 000 hours minimum life time to 50 original brightness Module size 3 3 x 1 75 PDI interface 4tactile switches Micro USB Logic Analyzer specifications 8 Digital Inputs Maximum sampling rate 2MSPS Protocol Sniffer UART I2C SPI nternal pull up or pull down Buffer size
28. r source but tolerates voltages up to 5 5V S DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 14 Xminilab User s Manual 2 4 Device Modes There are different device modes that can be selected the menus shown on figure 20 allow selecting the Meter Mode the XY Mode or the Oscilloscope Mode Other device modes are the Spectrum Analyzer and the Protocol Sniffer which are discussed in their respective chapters Mode Menu Meter Mode ka Set Meter mode EN DC Voltage lara OS Set Scope Mode DN Frequency Figure 19 Device mode menus 2 4 1 Meter Mode The Xminilab can function as a dual digital voltmeter The font used is bigger c 7 mm in SCH in meter mode to facilitate reading The available measurements in meter mode are 3 2h 5 1 3 Average Voltage DC Peak to Peak Voltage and Frequency The Frequency measurement is performed with an FFT so the measurement U F F FREQUENCY Figure 20 Meter Mode frequencies will have gaps depending on the range 2 4 2 XY Mode The XY mode changes the display from volts vs time display to volts vs volts You can use XY mode to compare frequency and phase relationships between two signals XY mode can also be used with transducers to display strain versus displacement flow versus pressure volts versus current or voltage versus frequency Lissajous figures can also be plotted using the XY Mode Figure 21 XY Mode 2 4 3 Oscilloscope Mode This is the default mode of the Xminilab The
29. rce 1 CH1 2 CH2 3 10 CHD 11 External Trigger 8 Horizontal position 9 Display options bitfield Bit 0 1 Grid Type Bit 2 Reference waveforms on Bit 3 Persistent Display Bit 4 Continuous Drawing Bit 5 Show scope settings time div volts div Bit 6 Invert Display Bit 7 Flip Display 10 Trigger Level 6 2 4 AWG settings 9 bytes 1 Amplitude signed byte range 127 0 2 Waveform type 1 Sine 2 Square 3 Triangle 4 Custom 3 4 Duty cycle unsigned int 16 range 0 512 5 8 Desired frequency multiplied by 100 unsigned int 32 9 Offset signed byte 6 3 Command Set All commands sent to the Xminilab are in ASCII format further data sent or received is in binary Table 6 shows the Xminilab Interface Protocol Command Set FS DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 26 Xminilab User s Manual SimulateKCkeypress No response S No response gt Auto Setup No response Change mode No response S 9 Increase sampling rate No response 6 Decrease sampling rate No response o SS No response No response When the Auto send is active the Xminilab will continuously send data this is to maximize the refresh rate on the PC side Enable Auto send When using fast sampling rates the Xminilab will first fill its buffers and then send the buffers in bursts When using slow sampling rates the PC app will need to keep track of time as the samples will
30. ult menu by CH1 Horizontal Cursors pressing the MENU button a few times CH Horizontal Cursors S Hug gua Display Menu Ki rn A i Ba i f E ODA aye f AWG Menu 1 Sine Wawe iscellaneous Menu Save Settings Enter Cursor Enter Di E ct Square V Tr 3 HH d HD ter AWG Menu Figure 6 Main Menus 1 7 Saving the settings All the settings are stored to non volatile memory only when exiting from the last menu Miscellaneous Menu This method is used to reduce the number of writes to the microcontroller s EEPROM FS DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 10 Xminilab User s Manual 2 Mixed Signal Oscilloscope av The Xminilab is a mixed signal oscilloscope it has 2 analog channels and 8 digital channels This chapter will focus on the analog signals More information about the digital channels is presented on chapter 4 2 1 Horizontal Settings The horizontal settings are controlled on the default menu The menu is shown on figure 7 Default Menu no menu shown Deeg r3 Decrease Sampling Rate Horizontal Position EN Continue acquisition e nenne mang e CIC Figure 7 Horizontal Menus 2 1 1 Time Base The time base can be varied from 8uS div to 50S div Table 1 shows all the possible time bases One time division consists of 16 pixels Example 8uS division 8uS 16 pixels gt 500nS pixel Time Bas
31. uts are not 5V tolerant If you need to connect 5V signals to the logic analyzer you could Add a 3K resistor in series with the signal or use a 5V to 3 3V level converter chip Figure 37 shows the logic menus Protocol Sniffer Select Logic Select Menu 1 Logic Inputs Menu Toggle Logic on off Bug j Protocol Sniffer Logic Options 1 xa change postion nvert channel Logic Options 2 DEE DE Pull Resistor D SE SERGE Figure 36 Logic Analyzer Menus 3 1 Input Selection A subset of the 8 digital signals can be selected Any digital signal can be enabled or disabled 3 2 Channel Position The selected digital channels can be moved up or down Only applicable if less than 8 digital signals are selected 3 3 Invert Channel All digital channels are inverted This setting also affects the protocol sniffer 3 4 Thick Logic 0 A thick line is drawn when the signal is at logic 0 This is useful to quickly differentiate a O from a 1 FS DS Xprotolab 1 0 June 2011 Page 19 Xminilab User s Manual 3 5 Parallel Decoding Shows the hexadecimal value of the 8 bit digital input lines The hexadecimal number is shown below the last digital trace If all the 8 digital traces are enabled then there is no space to show the parallel decoding SlZCuzdd Figure 37 Parallel Decoding 3 6 Serial Decoding Shows the hexadecimal value of the stream of bits on each channel
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