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series 700 - Standards for Highways

1. Irregularity Limits 4 mm 7mm 4mm 7mm 4mm 7mm Length m 300 75 300 75 300 75 300 75 300 75 300 75 Category A Roads 20 9 2 1 40 18 4 2 40 18 4 2 Category B Roads 40 18 4 2 60 27 6 3 60 27 6 3 The Category of each section of road is described in Appendix 7 1 Rectification 10 11 02 Where any pavement area does not comply with the Specification for regularity surface tolerance thickness macrotexture depth material properties or compaction the full extent of the area which does not comply with the Specification shall be made good and the surface of the pavement course shall be rectified in the manner described below Amendment November 2006 i Unbound and hydraulically bound materials The top 75 mm shall be scarified reshaped with material added or removed as necessary and re compacted The area treated shall be not less than 20 m long and 2 m wide For hydraulically bound materials all rectification shall be completed within 48 hours of the binder being added to the material Volume Specification for Highway Works ii iii iv 08 08 Cement bound subbases and bases The method of correction will depend on the period which has elapsed between detection of the error and the time of mixing of the material If this is less than 4 hours the surface shall be scarified to a depth of not less than 50 mm surplus material removed or freshly mixed material added as necessary and
2. i No wheeltrack longitudinal crack length gt transverse crack spacing ii Monitored by the Overseeing Organisation i Cores shall be taken at locations chosen by the Overseeing Organisation ii Not less than 5 cores with not less than 1 core per alternate transverse saw cut iii Monitored by the Overseeing Organisation 1 Roll each point with not lt the number of passes of the roller specified in Appendix 7 15 ii Monitored by the Overseeing Organisation The Contractor to either a Determine and record the minimum effective stiffness modulus on every 5 m length after seating from FWD measurements and coredetails provided by the Contractor or b Determine vertical movement at joints before and after treatment Acceptance of a saw cutting and cracking re assessment trial i Required tolerance on transverse saw cutting achieved i Crack pattern complies with i above i No multiple cracks or shattering within the core ii Cores shall have a single crack to the full depth of the concrete iii Cracks shall be predominantly vertical iv Depths of saw cut to be within specified tolerances v Depth of each saw cut gt depth to bottom of local transverse steel i Certification by the Contractor that each point has been rolled with not less than the number of passes specified in Appendix 7 15 The Contractor to eit
3. 4 The Overseeing Organisation may instruct any variation required in the method and pattern of cracking or subsequently confirm or otherwise the suitability of the proposed thickness of overlay required as a result of the effective stiffness modulus of the cracked and seated hydraulically bound layer or layers determined from FWD measurements 5 The road shall be neither overlaid nor re opened to highway traffic without the Overseeing Organisation s written confirmation that the FWD measurements have been assessed and any required remedial action taken Measuring Equipment 6 Any FWD used to monitor the effectiveness of the cracking and seating operation as specified in this Clause and in Clause 716 shall have been tested and approved in an annual FWD correlation trial organised by the Highways Agency designed to check the adequacy of the FWD for trunk road testing 7 Evidence of a satisfactory absolute calibration by the equipment manufacturer and consistency checks by the operator shall be provided as required by the Overseeing Organisation The absolute calibration of the deflection sensors load cell and system processor shall be carried out annually Consistency checks of the Series 700 Road Pavements General dynamic response of the machine as a whole should take place at intervals of six weeks or less during periods of operation and after any major service involving replacement parts 8 11 09 For the monitoring of th
4. Consent to the Method and Acceptance of the Production Cracking Re assessment Trial 24 11 09 The Contractor shall not resume the main saw cut crack and seat works until the Overseeing Organisation has given its consent that the plant equipment and methods used in the production cracking re assessment trial comply with the requirements given in Table 7 3 of Clause 715 and sub Clauses 15 and 16 of this Clause 719 11 07 Back analysis of Falling Weight Deflectometer FWD Measurements Made on Concrete Pavements Treated by Fractured Slab Techniques General 1 For the purposes of this Clause Fractured Slab techniques shall comprise the following i Crack and seat of jointed unreinforced concrete pavements and HBM bases in accordance with Clause 716 ii Saw cut and crack and seat of jointed reinforced concrete pavements in accordance with Clause 715 2 The Contractor shall produce the FWD deflection measurements to be used in this Clause in accordance with Clause 717 for crack and seat or Clause 718 for saw cut crack and seat Amendment November 2009 Series 700 Road Pavements General 3 The effective stiffness modulus of the fractured concrete together with that of the foundation shall be derived from the back analysis of FWD deflection bowl measurements by means of the MODULUS HA computer program MODULUS HA shall be used for all back analysis of FWD measurements performed in accordance with Clause
5. Cores shall have a Vi AE stiffness modulus for i passes of the roller single crack from the concrete pavement specified in Appendix S thebottom of the saw cut 7 15 and ii the foundation to the full depth of the i combination after the concrete saw cutting and cracking and or seating or iii Cracks shall be predominantly vertical b Produce a record of measurements of vertical iv Depths of saw cut to a be within specified movement at joints p before and after tolerances treatment v Depth of each saw cut gt depth to bottom of local transverse steel Main production i As sepcified in i No wheeltrack i Cores shall be taken i Roll each point with The Contractor to either work Appendix 7 15 longitudinal crack length at locations chosen by the number of passes of S ae f a Determine and record saw cut spacing the Overseeing the roller specified in Gi Monitored by the Oreanisation Appendix 7 15 the effective stiffness Contractor ii Monitored by the S Pp modulus from FWD Contractor ii Not less than 1 core Gii Monitored by the measurements and core per area specified in Contractor details provided by the Contractor on every 5 m length after cracking and or seating or b Determine the vertical movement at joints after treatment Amendment November 2009 16 Volume Specification for Highway Works Series 700 Road Pavements General TABLE
6. The extent of shattering or multiple cracking shall be determined by extracting and inspecting cores Such cores shall be taken at the location of induced transverse cracks within the area between the position 24 Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works of the crack inducing plant and the last core in which the cracking complied with the requirements of sub Clause 25 of this Clause The extent of longitudinal cracking in the wheel track zones shall be determined by visual inspection Production Cracking Re assessment Trial 28 11 07 When in the opinion of the Overseeing Organisation the conditions so require a Production Re assessment Trial shall take place The Production Cracking Re assessment Trial described in this sub Clause and in sub Clauses 7 22 29 and 30 of this Clause shall require the Contractor to demonstrate that the plant equipment and method to which consent was given by the Overseeing Organisation for use in the main work are capable of producing the required type and pattern of cracks in the existing hydraulically bound layer or layers by executing this trial over an area of neither less than 75 m nor greater than 120 m of existing pavement The location of the trial shall be as directed by the Overseeing Organisation The crack spacing s shall be as directed by the Overseeing Organisation within the tolerances specified in Appendix 7 16 The Contractor shall demonstrate that the cracking operation can achie
7. The results of the crack and seat operations for any jointed unreinforced concrete slab or any 5 m length of HBM base shall be rejected if it fails to comply with any of the criteria in sub Clause 23 of this Clause If i 11 07 shattering or multiple cracking of hydraulically bound material occurs within the extracted core or ii 11 07 the length of any longitudinal cracks in the highway traffic wheel track zones are in excess of the specified crack spacing of the induced transverse cracks iii the transverse crack spacing determined for the particular portion of the work is outside the tolerance specified in Appendix 7 16 or any combination of these then the following remedial measures shall be taken The size of the Amendment November 2009 and reinstated with equivalent material unless otherwise instructed by the Overseeing Organisation The positions of the wheel track zones to which reference is made in this Clause shall be as defined in sub Clause 903 21 If the number of roller passes required for seating is less than the specified minimum at each and every point on the pavement or less than such other increased number of passes which has been specified by the Overseeing Organisation following a trial or otherwise then the Contractor shall roll the entire area again with not less than the number of passes specified in Appendix 7 16 unless otherwise instructed by the Overseeing Organisation 27 11 07
8. cases re using any topsoil or turves cut and stored for re use or when surfaced with material matching the existing foundation and surface 12 Levels between existing and newly constructed footpaths footways verges and bridleways shall be matched by removing the minimum area of existing material necessary to enable the total thickness of surfacing material to be laid abutting the existing surface Where settlement of the reinstatement occurs the levels shall be brought up to existing levels Surfaces may be left proud of the adjacent existing surfaces by an amount not exceeding 50 mm adequately ramped to avoid sharp changes in level to cater for subsequent settlement N4 Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works Junctions Between New Pavement Construction and Existing Pavement or Other Paved Areas 13 05 01 Where new pavement construction abuts an existing bituminous pavement which has to be reduced in level or overlaid to match alignment and levels the existing surface shall be trimmed by the minimum amount of cold milling planing to a depth which will allow the specified thickness of new construction to be laid the edge being trimmed and treated in compliance with this Clause Where the difference in level makes it necessary a regulating course as described in Appendix 7 1 and specified in Clause 907 shall be provided The locations to be trimmed are given in Appendix 7 2 14 05 01 Junctions between concrete pave
9. layers each not exceeding 50 mm thickness Seating a 15 11 07 Following cracking all of the cracked pavement layer shall be seated with a multi wheeled pneumatic tyred roller with a weight specified in Appendix 7 16 and with the number of passes specified in Appendix 7 16 The load including any ballast shall be distributed uniformly over all the wheels The drive gear shall provide a progressive variable speed forward and reversing capability Such compaction plant shall have articulating wheels on both front and rear axles The wheel arrangement shall provide an overlap of not less than 40 mm with the adjacent wheels The internal pressure of the tyres shall be adjustable to provide variable ground contact pressure GCP The Contractor shall certify in an agreed form on a daily basis the exact extent of work completed under this sub Clause and shall deliver each such certificate to the Overseeing Organisation before noon the next day iii iv 16 11 07 Once cracking and seating and any remedial work under sub Clause 26 of this Clause have been completed the pavement shall be prepared to Clause 920 before overlay Main Trial 17 11 07 The Contractor shall demonstrate that the plant equipment and method that he proposes for the cracking and seating of the existing hydraulically bound layer or layers are capable of producing the required f type and pattern of cracks This shall be demonstrated i by first executing a
10. location of the trial shall be as directed by the Overseeing Organisation The saw cut spacing s shall be as directed by the Overseeing Organisation within the tolerances specified in Appendix 7 15 The Contractor shall demonstrate that the saw cutting and the cracking operations can achieve consistent compliance with sub Clause 29 of this Clause The saw cutting and cracking re assessment trial length shall be seated with the number of roller passes specified in Appendix 7 15 Where FWD measurements are required by Appendix 7 15 the Contractor shall make programme allowance for these which shall be made by the Contractor according to Clause 718 before sawing and after cracking in accordance with this Clause unless stated otherwise in Appendix 7 15 Unless stated otherwise in Appendix 7 16 the Contractor shall perform the processing and analysis of the FWD measurements in accordance with Clause 719 and shall present the results to the Overseeing Organisation for interpretation and instruction The Contractor shall remove debris from the cracked pavement in the re assessment trial length before FWD measurements are made The production cracking re assessment trial length shall be seated with the number of passes of the roller specified in Appendix 7 15 Assessment of Saw cutting and Cracking Re assessment Trial 34 11 07 Compliance with the saw cutting and cracking and seating requirements for the saw cutting and cracking re assessme
11. 7 3 11 09 Saw cut Crack and Seat of Existing Jointed Reinforced Concrete Pavements Assessment Criteria for Acceptance of Trials and for the Main Production Work continued the main production work transverse spacing of saw cutting achieved complies with i above shattering within the core ii Cores shall have a single crack from the bottom of the saw cut to the full depth of the concrete iii Cracks shall be predominantly vertical iv Depths of saw cut to be within specified tolerances v Depth of each saw cut gt depth to bottom of local transverse steel TYPE OF CRITERIA TRIAL Transverse Crack quality and Coring to determine Seating FWD monitoring OR spacings and depths extent depth of saw cut and where required WORK of saw cuts severity depth and CATEGORY vertical direction of not part of the cracking assessment of Contractor s work 1 2 3 4 5 Acceptance of i Required tolerance on i Crack pattern i No multiple cracks or i Certification by the i Not required for Contractor that each point has been rolled with not less than the number of passes specified in Appendix 7 15 compliance monitoring ii Required for confirmation of structural design Saw cutting and cracking re assessment trial i Saw cut spacing as specified by the Overseeing Organisation to the tolerance specified in Appendix 7 15 ii Monitored by the Overseeing Organisation
12. 717 for crack and seat or Clause 718 for saw cut crack and seat Detailed instructions for the use of this program are contained in its accompanying MODULUS HA User Guide 4 The back analysis procedure to be used utilises a two layer model and therefore only the thickness of the bound layers is required The unbound layers are modelled as a single layer of infinite depth Thickness information for the bound layers is obtained from core samples obtained from the assessment of the cracking operations in accordance with Clause 715 or Clause 716 and may be supplemented by Ground Penetrating Radar measurements when required by Appendix 7 16 for crack and seat or Appendix 7 15 for saw cut crack and seat 5 The pavement deflection data to be back analysed shall be divided into uniform sections with similar total thicknesses of hydraulically bound material for the purposes of back analysis The mean total thickness of hydraulically bound material present shall be calculated for each section The measured bound layer thicknesses within a uniform section should lie within 10 per cent of the bound layer thickness used for that section 6 The Overseeing Organisation may instruct any variation required in the method and pattern of cracking or subsequently confirm or otherwise the suitability of the proposed thickness of overlay required as a result of the effective stiffness modulus of the fractured hydraulically bound layer or layers determine
13. Contractor to the satisfaction of the Overseeing Organisation Where FWD measurements are specified in Appendix 7 15 these will follow the seating operation and shall be made by the Contractor in accordance with Clause 718 unless stated otherwise in Appendix 7 15 Processing and analysis of the FWD results shall be performed by the Contractor in accordance with Clause 719 unless stated otherwise in Appendix 7 15 The road shall be neither overlaid nor re opened to highway traffic without the Overseeing Organisation s written confirmation that his interpretation of the FWD measurements is complete and that the condition of the treated pavement is in accordance with the design requirements 7 11 07 If for reasons other than those in sub Clauses 27 and 28 of this Clause it either 1 becomes necessary for the Contractor to change any plant equipment and or method or ii the Contractor makes unplanned use of different or additional plant he shall carry out a Special Trial which shall be so named but otherwise shall be in accordance with sub Clauses 33 to 35 of this Clause Saw cutting of Concrete Pavement 8 11 07 Transverse saw cutting of the concrete pavement shall be carried out to comply with this Clause including the particular requirements in Appendix 7 15 9 11 07 The position of all saw cuts shall be clearly marked by the Contractor on the surface of the concrete prior to cutting The spacing of saw cuts to be used for
14. Results of the FWD Measurements on the Main Trial 15 The Contractor shall not proceed with the main saw cut crack and seat works until the Overseeing Organisation has specified the transverse saw cut spacing and given its consent that the effective stiffness modulus of the cracked and seated concrete exceeds the threshold value required by the structural design 16 Consent to the plant equipment and methods will be given by the Overseeing Organisation following a successful demonstration in the main trial that the saw cut cracking and seating complies with the requirements of Clause 715 and this Clause When consent by the Overseeing Organisation to the method has been given the plant equipment and methods shall not be changed thereafter without the prior consent of the Overseeing Organisation except for normal adjustment and maintenance of plant Should it be Amendment November 2009 Series 700 Road Pavements General necessary for the Contractor to otherwise change any plant equipment and or method the Contractor shall carry out a further main trial Stage Main Production Work Testing 17 The cracking operation for the main production work shall proceed using the saw cut spacing determined from the main trial or from any relevant subsequent production cracking re assessment trial The main production work shall be assessed in accordance with sub Clause 29 of Clause 715 with reference to sub Clause 23 of this Clause 1
15. Seal Bituminous Overlays on Existing Jointed Concrete Pavements General 1 Where shown on the Drawings listed in Appendix 7 13 a bituminous overlay or inlay as specified in Appendix 7 1 shall be laid over the existing concrete pavement which has been either treated or prepared as specified in Clause 714 The overlay or inlay shall then be saw cut and sealed above existing transverse joints 2 05 02 Prior to the commencement of any preparatory work under sub Clause 3 of this Clause any and all existing bituminous binder course surfacing and the like shall be removed from the area to be treated as defined in sub Clause 1 of this Clause This requirement shall not apply to work to this Clause to correct reflection cracking to existing bituminous surfacing exceeding 40 mm thickness in rigid composite pavements where so specified in Appendix 7 13 3 Preparatory work to the existing concrete pavement including joints shall comply with Clause 714 4 Before any tack or bond coating commences the Contractor shall ensure that there are adequate stable accurate reference marks delineating all existing transverse pavement joints or saw cuts and that they have been clearly marked and agreed with the Overseeing Organisation for purposes of accurately locating the positions of saw cuts after overlaying to sub Clause 5 of this Clause The marking procedure and the nature and location of offsets and the means of their establishment shall be ag
16. be in accordance with Appendix 7 16 In Stage 2 and in subsequent Stages of the main trial the number of cores shall be in accordance with Table 7 4 In cases where cracks are not visible in the surface the locations of cores will be generally within the impact points and transversely in line with the impact points If any shattering or multiple cracking is present in the extracted core then there is deemed to have been shattering failure v 11 07 The Contractor s certificates required under sub Clause 15 of this Clause will be checked by the Overseeing Organisation If the number of roller passes required for seating is not in accordance with sub Clause 15 of this Clause the Contractor shall roll again the entire area in accordance with sub Clause 15 of this Clause and with not less than the number of roller passes specified in Appendix 7 16 19 11 07 The Contractor shall make allowance in his programme for the undertaking of FWD measurements which will be performed by the Contractor in accordance with Clause 717 unless stated otherwise in Appendix 7 16 both i before cracking and ii after seating in accordance with this Clause Unless stated otherwise in Appendix 7 16 the Contractor shall perform the processing and analysis of the FWD measurements in accordance with Clause 719 and shall present them to the Overseeing Organisation for interpretation and instruction The Contractor shall remove all debris from the
17. by the Overseeing Organisation Cracks shall be induced by one strike of the impacting head of such plant without producing undue surface shatter The plant and impact head shall be of sufficient mass and geared to prevent both head bounce and any associated surface damage arising therefrom The impact force shall be adjustable to achieve the cracking specified using the minimum force consistent with no surface shatter Excessive impact forces which cause multiple cracking or shattering of the underside of the concrete slab or to the underlying or adjacent layers shall not be permitted If such damage does occur the Contractor shall carry out remedial measures in accordance with sub Clauses 26 or 27 of this Clause as appropriate 11 11 07 The induced cracks shall be predominantly vertical and shall be transverse to the direction of the road They shall extend the full width of each concrete bay or the lane width of a HBM base The generation of longitudinal cracks is undesirable and those produced within the highway traffic wheel track zones of length greater than the spacing of the induced transverse cracks shall constitute a failure under Clause 27 of this Clause 12 11 07 Where the full width of any existing pavement layer cannot be cracked transversely with one pass of the crack inducing plant further parallel passes shall be made as necessary so that all subsequent transverse cracks are aligned with those from the preceding pass wi
18. carry out a Special Trial which shall be so named but otherwise shall be in accordance with sub Clauses 28 to 30 of this Clause Cracking 9 11 07 Induced cracking of existing pavement layer or layers shall be carried out to comply with this Clause including the particular requirements in Appendix 7 16 10 11 07 Transverse cracks at the required spacing shall be induced by suitable plant with a guillotine action capable of delivering variable pre set impact loads to the concrete surface The plant used to crack the hydraulically bound pavement layer or layers shall be self propelled and have all wheels fitted with rubber tyres The compressive strength of the existing concrete shall be provided by the Overseeing Organisation in Appendix 7 16 The required spacing of cracks for the main trial in sub Clauses 17 to 20 of this Clause shall be as specified in Appendix 7 16 The required spacing thereafter shall be as confirmed by the Overseeing Amendment November 2009 Series 700 Road Pavements General Organisation on completion of the main trial The Contractor shall keep records of i the settings to his plant and equipment ii the crack spacing iii the chainage and iv the time at which each and every adjustment is made to the plant and equipment Such records shall be in accordance with the pro forma in Appendix 7 17 for the Cracking Plant and Equipment Progress Record and shall be available on demand for inspection
19. cracks shall be recorded by the Contractor Should the results vary from those to which consent was given in the main trial or from any relevant subsequent Saw cutting and Cracking Re Assessment Trail with the consent of the Overseeing Organisation the Contractor shall adjust the plant and equipment and or saw cut depth in order to produce the agreed results The new settings of the plant and equipment shall be recorded by the Contractor together with the location at which it was changed These particulars shall be delivered to the Overseeing Organisation within 24 hours of the changes being completed If the agreed surface crack pattern is not restored within 25 m production cracking shall cease in accordance with sub Clause 6 of this Clause A Saw cutting and Cracking Re Assessment Trial shall then be carried out in accordance with sub Clauses 33 to 35 of this Clause before any further production saw cutting and cracking and seating work is executed 27 11 07 The depth of saw cutting shall be measured before cracking If the depth is not within the depth as specified in Appendix 7 15 the saw cutting shall cease If the saw cut is too shallow it shall be re cut until it is within tolerance If the saw cut is too deep it shall be deemed non compliant under sub Clause 22 iv of this Clause The saw cut depth shall be brought within tolerance for subsequent cuts 28 11 07 The depth of the saw cutting and the depth and quality of the indu
20. described in sub clause 21 of Clause 715 The area of concrete to be tested shall be adequately marked to enable FWD testing to be performed on the same locations both before saw cutting and after cracking 13 FWD measurements shall be made along the centre line of the reinforced slabs For each saw cut spacing the location of the centre of the loading plate for the first measurement shall be at the midpoint between the first two saw cuts Subsequent measurements shall be made directly on the saw cuts and at the midpoint between adjacent saw cuts Test positions coincident with transverse cracks should be omitted and the location of the crack recorded by the Contractor The location of the FWD loading plate shall be adequately recorded so that the location of each measurement can be clearly identified 14 After completion of the FWD measurements on the main trial the deflection data and layer thickness details derived from cores taken in accordance with Clause 715 and supplemented by Ground Penetrating Radar GPR measurements when required by Appendix 7 15 shall be used by the Contractor to calculate effective stiffness moduli of the pavement layers in accordance with Clause 719 The moduli values shall be supplied to the Overseeing Organisation who will determine the required transverse saw cut spacing to be used in the main production work with reference to the other criteria specified in sub Clause 21 of Clause 715 Consent to the
21. hydraulically bound material present shall be calculated for each section The measured bound layer thicknesses within a uniform section should lie within 10 per cent of the bound layer thickness used for that section 6 The Overseeing Organisation may instruct any variation required in the method and pattern of cracking or subsequently confirm or otherwise the suitability of the proposed thickness of overlay required as a result of the effective stiffness modulus of the fractured hydraulically bound layer or layers determined from FWD measurements 7 Following submission of the electronic tables and graphs produced in accordance with sub Clauses 11 and 12 of this Clause the Contractor shall allow the period of time set out in Appendix 7 19 for the Overseeing Organisation to carry out his assessment and interpretation of the results 8 The pavement shall be neither overlaid nor re opened to highway traffic without the Overseeing Organisation s written confirmation that he has completed his assessment of the FWD measurements and that any required remedial action has been completed Processing and Back analysis Using MODULUS HA 9 The Contractor shall use MODULUS HA to create OUT files with the required format from standard F20 or FWD output files in accordance with Chapter 3 of the MODULUS HA User s Guide Deflection measurements from a maximum of seven geophones shall be used The additional parameters required by Amendmen
22. lane until the outer geophone d7 see Table 7 5 is outside the other end of the test area for the Stage Test positions coincident with transverse cracks shall be omitted and the location of the crack recorded by the Contractor For each measurement the location of the FWD loading plate shall be adequately recorded such that the position of each measurement can be clearly identified 15 After completion of the FWD measurements on the Main Trial the deflection data and layer thickness details derived from cores taken in accordance with Clause 716 and supplemented by Ground Penetrating Radar GPR measurements when required by Appendix 7 16 shall be used by the Contractor to calculate effective stiffness moduli of the pavement layers in accordance with Clause 719 The moduli values shall be supplied to the Overseeing Organisation Amendment November 2009 Series 700 Road Pavements General who will determine the required transverse crack spacing to be used in the main production with reference to the other criteria specified in sub Clause 17 of Clause 716 For jointed unreinforced concrete pavements the analysis will also provide the location on each bay where FWD measurements shall be made following production cracking and seating in the main works Consent to the Results of the FWD Measurements on the Main Trial 16 The Contractor shall not proceed with the main production cracking works until the Overseeing Organisation has
23. length of a section less than 1000 m long as the balance of a complete scheme or c the full lane length of a scheme less than 1000 m long then sufficient 50 m lengths shall be replaced starting with that length having the least macrotexture depth until the average requirement for the section length is complied with A minimum length of 50 m and the full lane width shall be removed and replaced either a 05 02 to the full depth of the surface course or b toa depth of 20 mm when replaced by the repave method process in compliance with Clause 926 Amendment November 2006 Series 700 Road Pavements General Areas to be removed shall be delineated both longitudinally and transversely by saw cutting prior to the material being removed Joints shall be formed either by coating the exposed sawn face with hot bitumen or heating by suitable heater The heater shall raise the temperature of the full depth of the course immediately before laying the new material to a figure within the range of minimum rolling temperature and maximum temperature at any stage specified for the material and for a width of not less than 75 mm v Concrete slabs Concrete slabs shall be rectified by planing grinding or bump cutting Large depressions which cannot be dealt with in this way shall be rectified by cutting out the surface and replacing by a thin bonded surface repair complying with Clause 1032 Retexturing of harde
24. lt 0 5mm wide ii In a transverse direction iii No longitudinal crack length gt transverse crack spacing iv Monitored by the Overseeing Organisation i Crack pattern complies with i to iii above i Fine i e lt 0 5mm wide ii In a transverse direction iii No wheeltrack longitudinal crack length gt transverse crack spacing iv Monitored by the Contractor i Crack pattern complies with i to iii above Amendment November 2009 Transverse crack spacing i Each stage at one crack spacing as specified in Appendix 7 16 ii Monitored by the Overseeing Organisation i Required tolerance on transverse crack spacing achieved 1 Crack spacing determined from the main trial or from the re assessment trial as appropriate to the tolerance specified in Appendix 7 16 ii Monitored by the Contractor 1 Required tolerance on transverse crack spacing achieved CRITERIA Coring to determine severity depth and vertical direction of cracking i Cores shall be taken at locations chosen by the Overseeing Organisation ii Not less than 5 cores in each Stage with not less than 1 core from each bay or from a 5m length in HBM bases as appropriate i No multiple cracks or shattering within the core ii Cores shall have a single crack to the full depth of the concrete iii Cracks shall be predominantly vertical i Cores s
25. main trial over an area of neither less than 250 m2 nor greater than 420 m2 of existing pavement The location of the trial shall be as directed by the Overseeing Organisation and shall include a length of the most heavily trafficked lane The Contractor shall demonstrate that the cracking operation can achieve consistent compliance with this sub Clause and with sub Clauses 10 and 18 of this Clause and with Appendix 7 16 If the road pavement to be treated contains known areas where there are differences in the concrete thickness or strength or in the foundation conditions then a main trial shall be conducted in each such area The locations of pre existing transverse follows ii iii Amendment November 2009 length shall proceed as follows 11 07 Cracking shall proceed in stages as directed by the Overseeing Organisation in groups of four to six bays in jointed concrete pavements or in lengths of 20 m for HBM bases Each group that is cracked and seated shall be assessed in accordance with sub Clause 18 of this Clause 11 07 In Stage 1 of the main trial the Contractor shall set up his plant and equipment and demonstrate that he can produce the required pattern and quality of transverse cracks in accordance with this Clause including Appendix 7 16 This shall be assessed in accordance with sub Clause 18 of this Clause 11 07 In Stage 2 and each subsequent Stage of the main trial a group of four bays in jointed
26. re compacted in accordance with the Specification If the period is 4 hours or more the full depth of the layer shall be removed from the pavement and replaced with material in accordance with the Specification In either case the area treated shall be at least 5 m long and the full width of the paving laid in one operation If the Contractor proposes rectification within 7 days of laying he shall comply with sub Clause 1048 4 Alternatively for subbases under concrete pavements the Contractor may make up low areas to a level within the tolerances of this Clause with a 1 4 cement and sand mortar or with an AC4 fine surface course complying with Clause 914 11 04 Bituminous bases With coated macadam or asphalt bases the full depth of the top layer as laid shall be removed and be replaced with fresh material laid and compacted in accordance with the Specification Any area so treated shall be at least 5 m long and the full width of the paving laid in one operation Alternatively for low areas in bituminous bases the Contractor may make up the level with additional binder course material 11 04 Surface courses and binder courses These shall have the full depth of the course removed and replaced with fresh material laid and compacted in accordance with the Specification v The area rectified shall be the full width of the paving laid in one operation and at least 5 m long if binder course or 15 m if surface course
27. this clause and Table 7 3 Failure to Comply and Remedial Work 31 08 08 The results of the saw cut and crack and seat operations of any 5 m length of jointed reinforced concrete shall be rejected if they fail to comply with any of the criteria in sub Clause 28 of this Clause If i shattering or multiple cracking of concrete material occurs within the extracted core or ii excessive spall damage is caused to be arrises of the saw cuts or ii the length of any longitudinal cracks in the highway traffic wheel tracks are in excess of the spacing of the induced transverse cracks or iv the spacing of the transverse saw cuts is outside the tolerance specified in Appendix 7 15 or v the depth of the transverse saw cuts is greater than the depth specified in Appendix 7 15 or any combination of these then the following remedial measures shall be taken The size of the affected area shall be determined and the rejected section s shall be broken out excavated to full depth and reinstated with equivalent material unless otherwise instructed by the Overseeing Organisation The positions of the highway traffic wheel tracks to 14 Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works which reference is made in this Clause shall be as defined in sub Clause 903 21 If the number of roller passes required for seating is less than the number of passes specified in Appendix 7 15 at each and every point on the pavement then
28. to produce transverse cracks at the saw cut spacing stated in Appendix 7 15 For each Stage the settings of the cracking plant and equipment shall be recorded in accordance with the pro forma in iii 12 Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works Appendix 7 17 The cracked pavement shall then be seated in accordance with the method in sub Clauses 18 and 22 v of this Clause Seating After cracking the pavement shall be seated with the number of passes of the roller specified in Appendix 7 15 as described in sub Clause 18 of this Clause iv Assessment of Main Trial 22 11 07 Compliance with the saw cutting and the cracking and seating requirements for the main trial shall be assessed as follows i The depths of the saw cutting shall be checked by the Contractor before cracking ii The spacing of transverse saw cuts will be checked by the Contractor before cracking ii The surface cracking patterns shall be checked by the Overseeing Organisation either before or after seating by the Contractor iv 11 09 The depth of the saw cut and the depth and vertical direction of cracking shall be determined by coring through the full depth of the concrete pavement layer or layers symmetrically at any transverse position along the length of the saw cut Core diameter shall be in accordance with Appendix 7 15 In Stage 1 the Contractor may select the number and position of cores to be taken In Stage 2 and in subsequen
29. 11 07 Monitoring of Saw cut Cracked and Seated Jointed Reinforced Concrete Pavements Using the Falling Weight Deflectometer FWD 719 11 07 Back analysis of Falling Weight Deflectometer FWD Clause Measurements Made on Concrete Pavements Treated by Fractured Slab Techniques NATIONAL ALTERATIONS OF THE OVERSEEING ORGANISATIONS OF SCOTLAND WALES AND NORTHERN IRELAND Clause Title Northern Ireland 702NI Horizontal Alignments Surface Levels and Surface Regularity of Pavement Courses 706NI 05 01 Excavation Trimming and Reinstatement of Existing Surfaces denotes a Clause or Sample Appendix which has a substitute National Clause or Sample Appendix for one or more of the Overseeing Organisations of Scotland Wales or Northern Ireland Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works Series 700 Road Pavements General ROAD PAVEMENTS GENERAL 701 05 02 Pavement Construction 1 Road pavements shall be constructed from one of the permitted options described in Appendix 7 1 and in compliance with this Series and the appropriate Clauses of Series 800 900 and 1000 2 05 04 The Contractor shall in his choice of permitted materials for subbases and bases have regard to the nature of those materials and of the subgrade or any capping and the need to protect them from deterioration due to the ingress of water the adverse effects of weather and the use of constructional plant The Contractor shall programm
30. 6 reduction in the thickness of the bituminous surface course by more than 5 mm from that specified 4 For checking compliance with sub Clause 2 of this Clause measurements of the surface levels of all courses will be taken on a grid of points located as described in Appendix 7 1 In any length of pavement compliance shall be deemed to be met for all surfaces other than the final road surface when not more than one of ten consecutive measurements taken longitudinally or one in any transverse line exceeds the tolerances permitted in Table 7 1NI provided that this one measurement shall not exceed by more than 5 mm the tolerance for the course concerned For the final road surface the tolerance given in Table 7 1NI shall apply to any point on that surface Surface Regularity 5 11 06 The longitudinal regularity of the surfaces of surface courses binder courses and concrete slabs shall be such that the number of surface irregularities is within the relevant limits stated in Table 7 2NI An irregularity is a variation of not less than 4 mm or not less 7 mm of the profile of the road surface as measured by the rolling straight edge set at 4 mm or 7 mm as appropriate or equivalent apparatus capable of measuring irregularities within the same magnitudes over a3 m length No irregularity exceeding 10 mm shall be permitted 6 11 02 Prior to checking any final road surface binder course or top surface of base in pavements without bi
31. 716 11 07 Cracking and Seating of Existing Jointed Unreinforced Concrete Pavements and Hydraulically Bound Mixture HBM Bases General 1 11 07 Where shown on the drawings listed in Appendix 7 16 the existing unreinforced hydraulically bound pavement layer or layers shall be cracked and seated with plant and equipment to which the Overseeing Organisation s consent has been given and shall comply with this Clause The treated surface shall be then be prepared in accordance with Clause 920 and tack or bond coated in accordance with Appendix 7 4 prior to overlaying where specified in Appendix 7 1 2 11 07 Prior to the commencement of any operations to induce cracks any existing asphalt overlay and surfacing shall be removed from the area to be treated for the full width of each lane up to the adjacent longitudinal joints unless directed otherwise by the Overseeing Organisation Removal of any overlay shall be completed ahead of the works at a distance of not less than 50 m from the cracking operation The Contractor shall also ensure that adequate reference marks based on the Overseeing Organisation s chainage have been clearly marked and agreed with the Overseeing Organisation for purposes of accurately recording progress and locations of changes to equipment settings Amendment November 2009 Series 700 Road Pavements General 3 11 07 Before any of the main crack and seat work iS commenced a main trial shall be carri
32. 8 FWD measurements shall be made every 5 m along the centre line of the slabs in each traffic lane and shifting by 0 5 m where necessary to avoid the location of pre existing transverse cracks 19 Ifthe crack characteristics or patterns vary from those to which consent was given in the main trial or from any relevant subsequent production cracking re assessment trial and are not restored within 20 m production cracking shall cease in accordance with sub Clause 6 of Clause 715 A production cracking re assessment trial shall then be carried out in accordance with sub Clause 33 of Clause 715 before any further production saw cut and cracking and seating work is executed 20 After completion of the FWD measurements on the Main Production Work the deflection data and layer thickness details derived from cores taken in accordance with Clause 715 and supplemented by Ground Penetrating Radar GPR measurements when required by Appendix 7 15 shall be used by the Contractor to calculate effective stiffness moduli of the pavement layers in accordance with Clause 719 The moduli values shall be supplied to the Overseeing Organisation within 24 hours of the cracking operations Assessment of the Main Production Work Testing 21 The effective stiffness moduli of the cracked and seated concrete calculated by the Contractor in accordance with Clause 719 from the FWD measurements collected in accordance with this Clause shall be assessed by the Overs
33. MANUAL OF CONTRACT DOCUMENTS FOR HIGHWAY WORKS VOLUME 1 SPECIFICATION FOR HIGHWAY WORKS SERIES 700 ROAD PAVEMENTS GENERAL Contents Clause 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 Title 05 02 Pavement Construction Horizontal Alignments Surface Levels and Surface Regularity of Pavement Courses 05 01 Not used 05 01 Not used 05 01 Not used 05 01 Excavation Trimming and Reinstatement of Existing Surfaces Breaking Up or Perforation of Redundant Pavement 05 01 Not used 05 01 Cold milling Planing of Bituminous Bound Flexible Pavement 11 04 Testing for Constituent Materials in Recycled Aggregate and Recycled Concrete Aggregate 05 01 Overband and Inlaid Crack Sealing Systems 05 01 Maintenance of Arrester Beds 05 01 Saw cut and Seal Bituminous Overlays on Existing Jointed Concrete Pavements 05 01 Preparation of Jointed Concrete Pavements Prior to Overlaying and Saw cut and Seal of the Bituminous Overlays 05 01 Saw cut Crack and Seat Existing Jointed Reinforced Concrete Pavements 11 07 Cracking and Seating of Existing Jointed Unreinforced Concrete Pavements and Hydraulically Bound Mixture HBM Bases Amendment November 2009 Page nnn N Title 717 11 07 Monitoring of Cracked and Seated Jointed Unreinforced Concrete Pavements and HBM Bases Using the Falling Weight Deflectometer FWD 718
34. PAS Certificate including results from BBA surveillance visits shall be made available to the Overseeing Organisation on request Initial Skid Resistance 7 11 04 The minimum wet Skid Resistance value of overbanding and inlaid crack sealing systems when newly installed shall not be less than 60 when determined using the portable skid resistance tester pendulum in accordance with BS EN 13036 4 except that for sealant widths less than 75 mm the narrow slider shall be used over the full 126 mm sliding length utilising the normal slider scale C 712 05 01 Maintenance of Arrester Beds 1 The locations and maintenance requirements of arrester beds are given in Appendix 7 12 Generally the arrester beds comprise an area of ground excavated and replaced with a granular material and having a paved approach 2 The Contractor shall provide advance signing indicating that an arrester bed is closed and shall temporarily cover the permanent signing while this work is carried out 3 The maintenance work shall comprise i clearance of debris litter and weed growth from granular material and removal off Site ii sweeping of loose granular material from channel or paved approach replacement on bed and raking over and levelling the granular material on bed Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works 4 Where there is a series of arrester beds the Contractor shall restrict access to only one bed at a time 713 05 01 Saw cut and
35. Surfaces General 1 The Contractor shall not excavate pits trenches or other openings in paved areas which have been constructed as part of the Permanent Works in order to construct other parts of the Works including Statutory Undertakers and other service works except with the prior approval of the Overseeing Organisation 2 Where excavation and trimming of existing paved areas and highways not constructed as part of the Permanent Works are required in Appendix 7 2 they shall be carried out and reinstated in compliance with this Clause and with any additional requirements described in Appendix 7 2 Excavations shall be carried out to the dimensions described in Appendix 7 2 or if not so described to the minimum dimensions subject to sub Clause 3 of this Clause necessary to carry out the work Excavations 3 05 04 Excavations in existing pavements and other paved areas except those described in sub Clause 4 of this Clause including surfacing base and subbase shall be cut to neat lines to dimensions at least 75 mm greater on each side than the dimensions of any further excavation below formation level Excavations in capping shall be taken at least 75 mm outside the dimensions of any excavation below Road surfacing of bituminous material shall be cut back by sawing or planing to a further 75 mm on each side Planing shall be carried out in accordance with Clause 709 Concrete surfacing and concrete bases except CBM shall
36. Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works 710 11 04 Testing for Constituent Materials in Recycled Aggregate and Recycled Concrete Aggregate Scope 1 11 04 This Clause specifies the basic procedure and test methods for the examination of recycled aggregate and recycled concrete aggregate for the purpose of identifying and quantifying constituent materials Quality Control Procedure 2 05 09 The quality control procedure shall be in accordance with the Quality Protocol for the production of aggregates from inert waste and the Producers compliance checklist published by Waste and Resources Action Programme WRAP The results of all quality control checks carried out by the Contractor shall be compiled in accordance with the procedure set down in the above document and with those in this Clause These shall be delivered promptly to the Overseeing Organisation on request 11 09 Test Method 3 11 09 The constituents of a sample of recycled aggregate shall be classified by hand sorting the coarse aggregate particles in accordance with BS EN 933 11 The test shall be carried out by a suitably trained laboratory technician who has demonstrated competence in classifying the constituent classes in accordance with the test method 711 05 01 Overband and Inlaid Crack Sealing Systems 1 Overbanding and inlaid crack sealing systems shall have current British Board of Agr ment HAPAS BBA HAPAS Roads and Bridges Certi
37. Where the number of surface irregularities exceeds the limits in Table 7 2 the area to be rectified shall be 300 m or 75 m long as appropriate and the full width of the lanes affected or such lesser length as necessary to make the number of surface irregularities conform with the limits and shall be the full width of the lanes affected Amendment August 2008 Series 700 Road Pavements General Checking of the surface course for compliance with this Clause shall be carried out as soon as possible after completion of the surfacing and remedial works completed before the road is opened to traffic Where the macrotexture depth requirement is not met for a asection 1000 m in lane length or b the full lane length of a section less than 1000 m long as the balance of a complete scheme or c the full lane length of a scheme less than 1000 m long then sufficient 50 m lengths shall be replaced starting with that length having the least macrotexture depth until the average requirement for the section length is complied with A minimum length of 50 m and the full lane width shall be removed and replaced either a 05 02 to the full depth of the surface course or b toa depth of 20 mm when replaced by the repave method process in compliance with Clause 926 Areas to be removed shall be delineated both longitudinally and transversely by saw cutting prior to the material being removed Joints shall be formed e
38. asured core thicknesses and their locations relative to the FWD test positions Amendment November 2009 Series 700 Road Pavements General Back analysis and Presentation of Results of FWD Monitoring of Main Trial 13 The Contractor shall back analyse and present the results of his FWD testing of the Main Trial carried out in accordance with Clause 717 for crack and seat or Clause 718 for saw cut crack and seat in accordance with sub Clauses 9 to 11 of this Clause The results shall also be presented graphically The layout of the graphs shall display the relationships specified in Appendix 7 19 in a format acceptable to the Overseeing Organisation Back analysis and Presentation of Results of FWD Monitoring of Main Production Works 14 The Contractor shall back analyse and present the results of his FWD testing of the Main Production Works carried out in accordance with Clause 717 for crack and seat or Clause 718 for saw cut crack and seat in accordance with sub Clauses 9 to 11 of this Clause The results shall also be presented graphically The layout of the graphs shall display the relationships specified in Appendix 7 19 in a format acceptable to the Overseeing Organisation Back analysis and Presentation of Results of FWD Monitoring of Production Cracking Reassessment Trials 15 The Contractor shall back analyse and present the results of his FWD testing of any Production Cracking Reassessment Trial carried out in accordan
39. ated otherwise in Appendix 7 16 the Contractor to determine and record the effective stiffness modulus from FWD measurements and core details provided by the Contractor on every bay or 5 m length of HBM base after cracking and or seating i Not required for compliance monitoring ii Required for confirmation of structural design 23 Volume Specification for Highway Works Series 700 Road Pavements General TABLE 7 4 11 09 Crack and Seat of Existing Jointed Unreinforced Concrete Pavements and HBM Bases Assessment Criteria for Acceptance of Trials and for the Main Production Work continued TYPE OF TRIAL OR WORK CATEGORY Production cracking re assessment trial Acceptance of a production cracking re assessment trial Surface crack pattern i Fine i e lt 0 5mm wide ii In a transverse direction iii No wheeltrack longitudinal crack length gt transverse crack spacing iv Monitored by the Overseeing Organisation i Crack pattern complies with i to iii above Transverse crack spacing i Crack spacing as specified by the Overseeing Organisation to the tolerance specified in Appendix 7 16 Gi Monitored by the Overseeing Organisation 1 Required tolerance on transverse crack spacing achieved Failure to Comply and Remedial Work CRITERIA Coring to determine severity depth and vertical direction of cracking i Cores shall be
40. avement surface A minimum of 3 drops plus a small initial drop for settling the load plate should be made at each test point The Contractor shall make checks for machine consistency during the survey and before analysis 11 11 09 During FWD testing it is essential for subsequent analysis that the deflection values for d1 to Amendment November 2009 Distance mm from Centre of Loading Plate Inner gt gt gt gt Geophone number Outer q7 1 800 d7 reduce as the distance from the applied load increases Should the deflection measured by a geophone of a higher number see Table 7 6 be greater than the deflection measured by a geophone of a lower number then the FWD shall be moved forwards or backwards by a small distance and the measurement cycle repeated If it is not possible to obtain a decreasing deflection bowl after two shifts of position then the measurement should be discarded and the location of the test position noted for further investigation by the Overseeing Organisation Main Trial Area Testing 12 In Stage 2 and subsequent Stages of the Main Trial the Contractor shall make FWD measurements both 29 Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works before saw cutting and then after cracking and seating in order to determine the reduction in the effective stiffness modulus of the concrete produced by the saw cut cracking and seating operation Stage 2 and subsequent Stages shall consist of an area as
41. be cut back by sawing by at least 300 mm on each side to the Amendment November 2006 Series 700 Road Pavements General level of any reinforcement in reinforced slabs and to the full depth of the slab in unreinforced slabs If excavations are required to inspect the condition of lower layers each layer shall be excavated separately and cleaned of debris to permit inspection 4 Concrete blocks clay pavers and precast concrete flags kerbs and channels shall be lifted without cutting to the nearest joint satisfying sub Clause 3 of this Clause and carefully stored for re use or dealt with as described in Appendix 2 3 In situ kerbs and channels shall be broken out to at least 150 mm beyond the excavation Reinstatement of Paved Areas 5 05 02 For roads designed to carry traffic loading of 120 msa or less reinstatements of openings in highways shall comply with the Specification for the Reinstatement of Openings in Highways issued by the Highway Authorities and Utilities Committee The same requirements shall apply for roads designed to carry traffic loading of more than 120 msa except where otherwise stated in the appropriate Clauses of the Specification for Highway Works including the requirements of Appendix 7 2 6 Where foamed concrete is used for the reinstatement of openings in roads carrying more than 30 msa the requirements of the foamed concrete shall comply with Clause 1043 7 Immediately before bitumino
42. bs and channel blocks which shall be laid with a smooth alignment within a tolerance of 13 mm Longitudinal road markings lateral tolerances shall be in accordance with sub Clause 1212 20NI Surface Levels of Pavement Courses 2 The design levels of pavement courses shall be calculated from the vertical profile crossfalls and the pavement course thicknesses described in Appendix 7 1 The level of any point on the constructed surface of the pavement courses shall be the design level subject to the appropriate tolerances stated in Table 7 1NI TABLE 7 1NI 11 04 Tolerances in Surface Levels of Pavement Courses Road surfaces general 6mm adjacent to a surface water channel 10 0mm Binder course 6mm Base 15 mm Subbase under concrete pavement surface slabs laid full thickness in one operation by machines with surface compaction 10mm Subbases other than above 10 30 mm Where a surface water channel is laid before the adjacent road pavement layer the top of that layer measured from the top of the adjacent edge of the surface water channel shall be to the tolerances given in Table 7 1NI 3 05 04 Notwithstanding the tolerances permitted in surface levels of pavement courses the cumulative tolerance shall not result in a reduction in thickness of the pavement excluding the subbase and filter layer by more than 15 mm from the specified thickness nor a Amendment November 200
43. cadam or asphalt bases the full depth of the top layer as laid shall be removed and be replaced with fresh material N2 Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works laid and compacted in accordance with the Specification Any area so treated shall be at least 5 m long and the full width of the paving laid in one operation Alternatively for low areas in bituminous bases the Contractor may make up the level with additional binder course material iv 11 04 Surface courses and binder courses These shall have the full depth of the course removed and replaced with fresh material laid and compacted in accordance with the Specification The area rectified shall be the full width of the paving laid in one operation and at least 5 m long if binder course or base on pavements without binder course or 15 m if surface course Where the number of surface irregularities exceeds the limits in Table 7 2NI the area to be rectified shall be 300 m or 75 m long as appropriate and the full width of the lanes affected or such lesser area as necessary to make the number of surface irregularities conform with the limits Checking of the surface course for compliance with this Clause shall be carried out as soon as possible after completion of the surfacing and remedial works completed before the road is opened to traffic Where the macrotexture depth requirement is not met for a asection 1000 m in lane length or b the full lane
44. cation If the period is 4 hours or more thickness macrotexture depth material properties or the full depth of the layer shall be removed compaction the full extent of the area which does not from the pavement and replaced with comply with the Specification shall be made good and materal in accordance with the the surface of the pavement course shall be rectified in Specification In either case the area treated the manner described below shall be at least 5 m long and the full width i Unbound and Hydraulically bound materials of the paving laid in one operation If the X Contractor proposes rectification within The top 75 mm shall be scarified reshaped 7 days o ena he shall comply with with material added or removed as necessary sub Clause 1048 4 Alternatively for and re compacted The area treated shall be subbases under concrete pavements the motless ihan oa Ipag oo Sea wide on aa Contractor may make up low areas to a level predas BEC essaly 10 ebigmyeomphancenyits within the tolerances of this Clause with a the Specification 1 4 cement and sand mortar or with an AC4 ii 08 08 Cement bound subbases and bases fine surface course complying with The method of correction will depend on the Gisees period which has elapsed between detection iii 11 04 Bituminous bases of the error and the time of mixing of the material If this is less than 4 hours the surface shall be scarified to a depth of not Amendment August 2008 With coated ma
45. ce with Clause 717 for crack and seat or Clause 718 for saw cut crack and seat in accordance with sub Clauses 9 to 11 of this Clause The results shall also be presented graphically The layout of the graphs shall display the relationships specified in Appendix 7 19 in a format acceptable to the Overseeing Organisation 32F Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works measurements by means of the MODULUS HA computer program MODULUS HA shall be used for all back analysis of FWD measurements performed in accordance with Clause 717 for crack and seat or Clause 718 for saw cut crack and seat Detailed instructions for the use of this program are contained in its accompanying MODULUS HA User Guide 4 The back analysis procedure to be used utilises a two layer model and therefore only the thickness of the bound layers is required The unbound layers are modelled as a single layer of infinite depth Thickness information for the bound layers is obtained from core samples obtained from the assessment of the cracking operations in accordance with Clause 715 or Clause 716 and may be supplemented by Ground Penetrating Radar measurements when required by Appendix 7 16 for crack and seat or Appendix 7 15 for saw cut crack and seat 5 The pavement deflection data to be back analysed shall be divided into uniform sections with similar total thicknesses of hydraulically bound material for the purposes of back analysis The mean total thickness of
46. ced cracks shall be monitored by inspection of extracted cores If there has been any non compliance with sub Clause 22 iv of this Clause production saw cutting and cracking shall cease immediately The extent of the area affected shall be determined as specified in sub Clause 32 of this Clause Assessment of the Main Production Work 29 11 07 Compliance with the saw cutting and the cracking and seating requirements shall be assessed during the main work in accordance with the following criteria Amendment November 2009 Series 700 Road Pavements General i The spacing and depths of transverse saw cuts will be monitored by the Overseeing Organisation ii The surface pattern of cracking of all areas that have been cracked and seated shall be checked by the Contractor and will be monitored by the Overseeing Organisation iii The depth of saw cut and the depth and the vertical direction of cracking through the full depth of the concrete pavement layer or layers shall be determined symmetrically at the saw cut position Core diameter shall be in accordance with Appendix 7 15 The minimum frequency for coring of saw cut and cracked and seated concrete is specified in Appendix 7 15 iv The seating shall be assessed in accordance with sub Clause 22 v of this Clause Acceptance of the Main Production Work 30 11 09 The main work under this Clause shall be accepted when it complies fully with the requirements of
47. concrete pavements or a length of 20 m for HBM bases shall be cracked starting from one end to produce transverse cracks at each of the spacings stated in item 6 i of Appendix 7 16 For each Stage the settings of the cracking plant and equipment shall be recorded in accordance with the pro forma in Appendix 7 17 11 07 Seating After cracking in both Stage 1 and Stage 2 the pavement shall be seated with the number of roller passes specified in Appendix 7 16 and as described in sub Clause 15 of this Clause Assessment of Main Trial 18 11 07 Compliance with the cracking and seating requirements for the main trial shall be assessed as 11 07 The surface pattern of cracking shall be checked before seating but after applying clean water and allowing to dry as specified in sub Clause 13 of this Clause 11 07 In Stage 1 of the main trial the induced crack pattern shall be inspected by the Contractor In Stage 2 and in subsequent Stages visual inspection of the crack pattern shall be made by the Overseeing Organisation 11 07 In Stage 2 and in subsequent Stages of the main trial the spacing of transverse cracks will be monitored by the Overseeing Organisation 20 Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works iv 11 09 The depth and the vertical direction of cracking shall be determined by coring through the full depth of the hydraulically bound pavement layer symmetrically at the crack position Core diameter shall
48. cracked pavement in the main trial lengths before FWD measurements are made Cracking of Stage 2 or subsequent Stages of the Main Trial shall not commence until the Overseeing Organisation has interpreted the analysed FWD measurements undertaken before cracking and has confirmed or otherwise the suitability of the area selected for the Main Trial Consent to the Method and Acceptance of the Main Trial 20 11 09 The Contractor shall not proceed with the main crack and seat work until the Overseeing Organisation has given its consent that the plant equipment and methods used in the main trial length comply with the requirements in Table 7 4 Consent to the plant equipment and methods of cracking and seating will be given by the Overseeing Organisation Amendment November 2009 Series 700 Road Pavements General following a successful demonstration in the main trial that the cracking and seating complies with the requirements of this Clause and that the effective stiffness modulus of the cracked and seated pavement and or underlying foundation derived from FWD testing meets the design criteria When consent by the Overseeing Organisation to the method has been given the plant equipment and methods shall not be changed thereafter without the prior consent of the Overseeing Organisation except for normal adjustment and maintenance of plant Should it be necessary for the Contractor to otherwise change any plant equipment and or metho
49. crete Pavements and HBM Bases Assessment Criteria for Acceptance of Trials and for the Main Production Work TYPE OF TRIAL OR WORK CATEGORY Transverse crack spacing Surface crack pattern CRITERIA Coring to determine severity depth and vertical direction of cracking Seating FWD monitoring required by Appendix 7 16 Not part of the assessment of Contractor s work 5 Cores shall be taken at locations chosen by the Contractor Main trial i Fine i e lt 0 5mm wide As specified in Appendix 7 16 1 Monitored by the Contractor None required Stage 1 May be done by the ii In a transverse Contractor if desired direction ii Roll with the number of passes of the roller specified in iii No wheeltrack Appendix 7 16 longitudinal crack length gt transverse crack spacing iv Monitored by the Contractor Amendment November 2009 22 Volume Specification for Highway Works Series 700 Road Pavements General TABLE 7 4 11 09 Crack and Seat of Existing Jointed Unreinforced Concrete Pavements and HBM Bases Assessment Criteria for Acceptance of Trials and for the Main Production Work continued TYPE OF TRIAL OR WORK CATEGORY Main trial Stage 2 and subsequent stages Acceptance of main trial Stage 2 and subsequent stages Main production work Acceptance of the main production work Surface crack pattern i Fine i e
50. crete to be tested shall be adequately marked to enable FWD testing to be performed on the same locations both before and after cracking and seating 13 On jointed concrete pavements FWD measurements shall be made along the centre line of the bays For each crack spacing specified in Appendix 7 15 the location of the centre of the loading plate for the first measurement shall be 1 m beyond the transverse joint at the start of a bay with all the geophones located within the bay Subsequent measurements shall be made at intervals of 0 5 m along the centre line of the slab up to and including the centre of the slab Test positions coincident with transverse cracks shall be omitted and the location of the crack recorded by the Contractor For each measurement the location of the FWD loading plate shall be adequately recorded so that the position of each measurement can be clearly identified 14 11 09 On HBM bases FWD measurements shall be made along the centre line of each traffic lane unless this alignment coincides with a longitudinal shrinkage or construction crack in which case the measuring line shall be shifted towards the nearside wheelpath until the FWD test plate is not located within 0 5 m of a longitudinal crack The location of the centre of the loading plate for the first measurement shall be 1m past the start of the test area for the Stage Subsequent measurements shall be made at intervals of 1 m along the centre line of the
51. d from FWD measurements 7 Following submission of the electronic tables and graphs produced in accordance with sub Clauses 11 and 12 of this Clause the Contractor shall allow the period of time set out in Appendix 7 19 for the Overseeing Organisation to carry out his assessment and interpretation of the results 8 The pavement shall be neither overlaid nor re opened to highway traffic without the Overseeing Organisation s written confirmation that he has completed his assessment of the FWD measurements and that any required remedial action has been completed Processing and Back analysis Using MODULUS HA 9 The Contractor shall use MODULUS HA to create OUT files with the required format from standard F20 or FWD output files in accordance with Chapter 3 of 31 Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works the MODULUS HA User s Guide Deflection measurements from a maximum of seven geophones shall be used The additional parameters required by MODULUS HA shall be as specified in Appendix 7 19 If the FWD deflection measurement data is not output in F20 or FWD file formats then the Contractor shall produce suitable OUT files containing the measured FWD data with the required structure by an alternative method of his own devising 10 Following production of a suitable OUT file the Contractor shall back analyse the FWD deflection data obtained from a length of pavement defined in accordance with sub Clause 5 of this Clause T
52. d seating operations shall not take place unless there is adequate side restraint in place from the adjacent verge s and central reserve assisted by any Temporary Works which may be necessary 5 11 07 Compliance with this Clause shall be assessed by i examining the concrete surface for spalling ii examining the depth and severity of cracking and the depth of saw cuts by means of core extraction ili measuring the spacing of saw cuts and iv recording the number of passes of the seating roller Where required in Appendix 7 15 the effective stiffness modulus and or joint efficiency of the cracked concrete layer or layers will be calculated from Falling Weight Deflectometer FWD measurements The Overseeing Organisation may then instruct any variation required in the spacing of saw cuts and or method and pattern of cracking and or subsequently confirm or otherwise the thickness of overlay required 6 11 07 The sequence of operations shall be i pre planning and marking of the positions of intended transverse saw cuts ii saw cutting of the concrete pavement at the spacing and depths specified in Appendix 7 15 iii verification of saw cut depths iv inducing transverse cracks v extracting cores and vi seating The observation of the surface crack pattern and examination of the cores shall be carried out in daylight or under sufficient artificial light provided by 10 Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works the
53. d the Contractor may be required to carry out a further main trial Stage Main Production Work 21 11 07 The cracking operation for the main production work shall proceed at the crack spacing determined after the main trial or from any relevant subsequent production cracking re assessment trial The seating operation shall be completed by rolling the pavement for the number of passes specified in Appendix 7 16 The main production work shall be assessed in accordance with sub Clause 24 of this Clause The Contractor shall make allowance in his programme for FWD measurements which will be made by the Contractor according to Clause 717 after seating in accordance with this Clause unless stated otherwise in Appendix 7 16 The Contractor will perform the processing and analysis of the FWD measurements in accordance with Clause 719 unless stated otherwise in Appendix 7 16 and will present the results to the Overseeing Organisation for interpretation and instruction The Contractor shall remove all debris from the cracked pavement before FWD measurements are made 22 11 07 The surface pattern of cracking shall be checked after applying water as specified in sub Clause 13 of this Clause The Contractor shall be responsible for the continuous observation of the crack pattern The location of pre existing transverse cracks shall be recorded by the Contractor If without the prior agreement of the Overseeing Organisation the crack spacing on t
54. dance with Clause 719 and will present the results to the Overseeing Organisation for interpretation and instruction The Contractor shall remove all debris from the cracked pavement in the main trial lengths before FWD measurements are made Saw cutting of Stage 2 or subsequent Stages of the Main Trial shall not commence until the Overseeing Organisation has interpreted the analysed FWD measurements undertaken before cracking and has confirmed or otherwise the suitability of the area selected for the Main Trial Consent to the Method and Acceptance of the Main Trial 24 11 09 The Contractor shall not proceed with the main work until the Overseeing Organisation has given its consent that the plant equipment and methods used in the main trial length comply with the requirements in Table 7 3 Consent to use the plant equipment and methods of saw cutting and cracking and seating will be given by the Overseeing Organisation following a successful demonstration in the main trial that the saw cutting and the cracking and seating complies with the requirements of this Clause and that the effective stiffness modulus of the cracked and seated pavement and or underlying foundation derived from FWD testing meets the design criteria When consent by the Overseeing Organisation to the method has been given the plant equipment and methods shall not be changed thereafter without the prior consent of the Overseeing Organisation except for normal adjustme
55. dges shall be left neat vertical and in straight lines The Contractor shall brush and sweep the milled surface by mechanical means to produce a clean and regular running surface with a groove depth not greater than 10 mm and with a uniform texture 3 Carriageways shall be milled to the tolerance of 6 mm If the tolerances in this Clause are exceeded Amendment November 2006 Series 700 Road Pavements General the full extent of the area which does not comply shall be rectified by further milling or by regulating with materials in accordance with Clause 907 4 Existing ironwork shall not be disturbed by the milling action Where necessary surfacing in the vicinity of ironwork and in small or irregular areas shall be cut out by pneumatic tools or other suitable methods and removed 5 Where milling is carried out on a carriageway open to traffic temporary ramping to ensure the safe passage of vehicles shall be provided in accordance with the requirements of Appendix 1 17 6 Ifthe milled surface profile varies by more than 10 mm when measured transversely or longitudinally by a 3 metre straight edge adjustments or replacements shall be made to the cutting teeth on the milling drum before work continues Any discontinuity between adjacent milling passes exceeding 10 mm when measured transversely by a 3 metre straight edge shall be rectified by further milling or regulating before placing bituminous materials 7 Where
56. e used in the main production work 4 The Overseeing Organisation may instruct any variation required in the method and pattern of saw cutting and or cracking or subsequently confirm or otherwise the suitability of the proposed thickness of overlay required as a result of the effective stiffness modulus of the saw cut cracked and seated hydraulically bound layer or layers determined from FWD measurements 5 The road shall be neither overlaid nor re opened to highway traffic without the Overseeing Organisation s written confirmation that the FWD measurements have been assessed and any required remedial action taken Measuring Equipment 6 Any FWD used to monitor the effectiveness of the saw cut cracking and seating operation as specified in this Clause and in Clause 715 shall have been tested and approved in an annual FWD correlation trial organised by the Highways Agency and designed to check the adequacy of the FWD for trunk road testing Series 700 Road Pavements General 7 Evidence of a satisfactory absolute calibration by the equipment manufacturer and consistency checks by the operator shall be provided as required by the Overseeing Organisation The absolute calibration of the deflection sensors load cell and system processor shall be carried out annually Consistency checks of the dynamic response of the machine as a whole should take place at intervals of six weeks or less during periods of operation and after any maj
57. e 718 for saw cut crack and seat in accordance with sub Clauses 9 to 11 of this Clause The results shall also be presented graphically The layout of the graphs shall display the relationships specified in Appendix 7 19 in a format acceptable to the Overseeing Organisation Back analysis and Presentation of Results of FWD Monitoring of Production Cracking Reassessment Trials 15 The Contractor shall back analyse and present the results of his FWD testing of any Production Cracking Reassessment Trial carried out in accordance with Clause 717 for crack and seat or Clause 718 for saw cut crack and seat in accordance with sub Clauses 9 to 11 of this Clause The results shall also be presented graphically The layout of the graphs shall display the relationships specified in Appendix 7 19 in a format acceptable to the Overseeing Organisation Amendment November 2007 Series 700 Road Pavements General 34F Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works Series 700 Road Pavements General NATIONAL ALTERATIONS OF THE OVERSEEING ORGANISATION OF NORTHERN IRELAND 702NI Horizontal Alignments Surface Levels and Surface Regularity of Pavement Courses Horizontal Alignments 1 05 04 Horizontal alignments shall be determined from one edge of the pavement surface as described in Appendix 1 12 The edge of the pavement as constructed and all other parallel alignments shall be correct within a tolerance of 25 mm therefrom except for ker
58. e Crack quality and Coring to determine Seating FWD monitoring OR spacings and depths extent depth of saw cut and where required WORK of saw cuts severity depth and CATEGORY vertical direction of not part of the cracking assessment of Contractor s work 1 2 3 4 5 Main trial i As specified in i No wheeltrack i Cores shall be taken i Monitored by the The Contractor to either Stage 2 and Appendix 7 15 longitudinal crack length at locations chosen by Overseeing P ee a Determine and subsequent 2 gt saw cut spacing the Overseeing Organisation a ii Monitored by the Bh record the minimum stages Organisation ii Roll with the number of passes of the roller effective stiffness modulus from FWD main trial Stage 2 and subsequent transverse spacing and depth of saw cutting complies with i above shattering within the core in each Stage with not specified in Appendix measurements and core less than 1 core per 7 15 details provided by the alternate transverse Contractor or saw cut x r b Determine vertical movement at joints before and after treatment Acceptance of i Required tolerance on i Crack pattern i No multiple cracks or i Certification by the The Contractor to either Contractor that each point has been rolled a Produce a record of the measured effective Appendix 7 15 iii Monitored by the Contractor t hieved ith th ber of e CREYS ii
59. e crack and seat operation on jointed unreinforced concrete pavements and on HBM bases the load level shall be set at 5 0kN 10 The load pulse shall be applied through a 300mm diameter plate and have a rise time from start of pulse to peak of between 5 and 15 milliseconds Most FWDs in the UK have a 60 Hz smoothing filter option The use of this filter has been shown to improve the agreement between machines and where available smoothing shall be activated Deflections shall be measured to a resolution of at least 1 micron over the range 0 2mm by a minimum of 7 sensors situated at radii up to a distance of 2 25m from the centre of the loading plate at positions shown in Table 7 5 While more than 7 geophones can be fitted to an FWD Clause 719 requires that the data input to the approved back analysis software program shall contain measurements only from the geophones located at the positions shown in Table 7 5 Operation on site 9 FWD testing shall not be performed while standing water is present on the surface to be tested 10 The Contractor shall ensure that there is no detritus on the road surface prior to the FWD testing Care shall be taken to ensure that the whole area of the FWD loading plate is in contact with the pavement surface A minimum of 3 drops plus a small initial drop for settling the load plate should be made at each test point The Contractor shall make checks for machine consistency during the survey and bef
60. e the laying and compaction of the subbase and the subsequent pavement courses and take such other steps as may be considered necessary to afford protection to the base subbase and subgrade 702 Horizontal Alignments Surface Levels and Surface Regularity of Pavement Courses Horizontal Alignments 1 05 04 Horizontal alignments shall be determined from one edge of the pavement surface as described in Appendix 1 12 The edge of the pavement as constructed and all other parallel alignments shall be correct within a tolerance of 25 mm therefrom except for kerbs and channel blocks which shall be laid with a smooth alignment within a tolerance of 13 mm Longitudinal road markings lateral tolerance shall be in accordance with sub Clause 1212 20 Surface Levels of Pavement Courses 2 The design levels of pavement courses shall be calculated from the vertical profile crossfalls and the pavement course thicknesses described in Appendix 7 1 The level of any point on the constructed surface of the pavement courses shall be the design level subject to the appropriate tolerances stated in Table 7 1 Amendment November 2006 TABLE 7 1 11 04 Tolerances in Surface Levels of Pavement Courses Road surfaces general 6mm adjacent to a surface water channel 10 0mm Binder course 6mm Base 15mm Subbase under concrete pavement surface 10mm slabs laid full thickness in one operation by machines with
61. ecification and adequately supported at all times Support shall be withdrawn as backfilling proceeds Backfilling 6 Backfilling of excavations shall be carried out as quickly as possible after completion of the work for which the excavation is required to formation or sub formation in compliance with the appropriate Clauses in Series 500 600 1200 1300 and 1400 or as otherwise described in Appendix 7 2 using fill material and compaction described therein Reinstatement of Paved Areas 7 The layers of capping and pavement and other paved area materials shall be reinstated consecutively as soon as possible in compliance with the appropriate Clauses in the 600 700 800 900 1000 and 1100 Series to match the thicknesses and constituents of the existing material or as otherwise described in Appendix 7 2 They shall be laid and compacted in compliance with the appropriate Clauses in the above Series within the tolerances given in Table 7 1 Amendment November 2006 Series 700 Road Pavements General To allow for settlement in backfill under concrete pavements temporary repairs to the pavement shall be carried out using bituminous materials Alternatively foamed concrete shall be used up to the base of the slab and the slab reinstated as soon as possible The reinstatement of the concrete slab shall be carried out as described in Appendix 7 2 8 Block and flag paving and precast and in situ kerbs and channels shall be rein
62. ed and the minimum force consistent with no damage to either the saw cut or to the adjoining concrete surface Excessive impact forces which cause multiple cracking or shattering of the underside of the concrete slab or to the underlying or adjacent layers shall not be permitted If such damage does occur the Contractor shall carry out remedial measures in accordance with sub Clause 31 of this Clause 14 11 07 The induced cracks shall extend from the bottom of the concrete slab to the base of the saw cut and shall be predominantly vertical They shall extend the full width of each concrete bay The generation of longitudinal cracks is undesirable and those produced within the highway traffic wheel track zones of length greater than the longitudinal spacing of the saw cuts specified in Appendix 7 15 or derived from a Main Trial shall constitute a failure under sub Clause 31 of this Clause 11 Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works 15 11 07 Where the full width of any existing pavement layer cannot be cracked transversely with one pass of the crack inducing plant further parallel passes shall be made as necessary so that all subsequent transverse cracks are aligned with those from the preceding pass within the tolerances specified in Appendix 7 15 16 11 07 The Contractor shall adjust his equipment and methods so that i full depth fine vertical cracks in the concrete layer or layers are obtained ii shattering of the concr
63. ed out in accordance with sub Clauses 17 to 20 of this Clause After the main trial the Contractor shall locate all bay joints and repair joints or existing cracks in the concrete pavement or HBM and shall pre plan and mark the positions of the intended induced cracks at these locations using the transverse crack spacing determined from the main trial If the Contractor foresees any difficulty in complying with this sub Clause he shall immediately draw this to the attention of the Overseeing Organisation and shall not proceed with cracking in such areas until he has received appropriate instructions from the Overseeing Organisation 4 11 07 Cracking and seating operations shall not take place unless there is adequate side restraint in place from the adjacent verge s and central reserve assisted by any Temporary Works which may be necessary All cracking and seating operations shall be completed before the commencement of any excavation which in the opinion of the Overseeing Organisation would remove adequate side restraint in the adjacent verge s and or central reserve 5 11 07 Compliance with this Clause shall be assessed by i examining the generated crack pattern on the surface of the jointed concrete or HBM base layer ii examining the depth and severity of cracking by means of core extraction iii measuring the spacing of the induced cracks and iv recording the number of passes of the seating roller The effective stif
64. eeing Organisation in conjunction with the other criteria specified in sub Clause 29 of Clause 715 The Overseeing Organisation shall instruct or otherwise on any remedial actions that may be required The road shall be neither overlaid nor re opened to highway traffic without the Overseeing Organisation s written confirmation that he has completed his interpretation of the FWD measurements and that all required remedial actions have been completed 30 Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works Production Cracking Re assessment Trial 22 Should a production cracking re assessment trial be required as specified in sub Clause 33 of Clause 715 then FWD measurements will be required for assessment of the trial These measurements shall be made by the Contractor in accordance with sub Clauses 12 to 16 of this Clause both before saw cutting and after cracking and seating Assessment of Production Cracking Re assessment Trial 23 After completion of the FWD measurements on the re assessment trial the deflection data and layer thickness details derived from cores taken in accordance with Clause 715 shall be used by the Contractor to calculate effective stiffness moduli of the pavement layers in accordance with Clause 719 The Overseeing Organisation will use these moduli values in conjunction with the other criteria specified in sub Clause 21 of Clause 715 to determine the transverse crack spacing to be used in the main production work
65. ete at the surface and or at the bottom of the slab is avoided and iii treated areas are rendered suitable for overlaying to the satisfaction of the Overseeing Organisation The cracking operation shall not proceed more than 100 metres beyond the last accepted core in the assessment under sub Clause 29 of this Clause Cracking shall not commence on a given saw cut until it has been cut over its entire width to the appropriate depth in accordance with this Clause Coring 17 11 07 The Contractor shall take cores in accordance with sub Clauses 22 29 30 and 32 of this Clause and with Appendix 7 15 at locations selected by the Overseeing Organisation All holes from which core samples have been extracted shall be filled with new hydraulically bound material equivalent to that in the surrounding pavement and adequately compacted in layers each not exceeding 50 mm thickness Seating 18 11 07 Following cracking all the cracked pavement layer shall be seated with a multi wheeled pneumatic tyred roller with a weight of not less than 20 tonnes compliant with Appendix 7 15 and with the number of passes specified in Appendix 7 15 The load including any ballast shall be distributed uniformly over all the wheels The drive gear shall provide a progressive variable speed forward and reversing capability Such compaction plant shall have articulating wheels on both front and rear axles The wheel arrangement shall provide an overlap of not le
66. f surface irregularities is within the relevant limits stated in Table 7 2 Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works An irregularity is a variation of not less than 4 mm or not less 7 mm of the profile of the road surface as measured by the rolling straight edge set at 4 mm or 7 mm as appropriate or equivalent apparatus capable of measuring irregularities within the same magnitudes over a3 m length No irregularity exceeding 10 mm shall be permitted 6 11 02 Prior to checking any final road surface binder course or top surface of base in pavements without binder course for level regularity or macrotexture depth it shall be cleaned of loose or extraneous materials These operations shall be carried out without damaging the surface of the pavement as soon as possible and within 3 days of construction of the pavement 7 Compliance with Table 7 2 shall be checked by the rolling straight edge along any line or lines parallel to the edge of pavement on sections of 300 m at regular intervals as stated in Appendix 7 1 whether or not it is constructed in shorter lengths Sections shorter than 300 m forming part of a longer pavement shall be assessed using the number of irregularities for a 300 m length pro rata to the nearest whole number Where the total length of pavement is less than 300 m the measurements shall be taken on 75 m lengths 8 11 04 Pavements shall be measured transversely for irregularities at regular intervals a
67. ficates If no BBA HAPAS certificates have been issued then in the interim only overbanding and inlaid crack sealing systems approved by the Overseeing Organisation shall be used 2 Acrack sealing system with a current BBA HAPAS certificate shall only be installed by a contractor approved by the Certificate Holder as an Approved Installer for that system Overbanding Crack Sealing Systems 3 The installed width and nominal thickness of overbanding sealants applied on the road surface shall not exceed 40 mm and 3 mm respectively Amendment November 2009 Series 700 Road Pavements General Inlaid Crack Sealing Systems 4 The inlaid crack sealing system BBA HAPAS Grade Classification required for each location shall be as specified in Appendix 7 11 Chippings 5 11 03 The minimum polished stone value of the source aggregate for chippings applied to the surface of overbanding and inlaid crack sealing systems determined in accordance with BS EN 1097 8 shall be as specified in Appendix 7 11 Installation and Quality Control Procedures 6 The installation and quality control procedures for overbanding and inlaid crack sealing systems shall be in accordance with the BBA HAPAS Certificate for each system and the current Method Statement agreed by the BBA The results of all quality control checks carried out on site by the Contractor and quality assurance information compiled in accordance with the requirements of the BBA HA
68. fness modulus of the cracked hydraulically bound layer or layers and underlaying foundation will be calculated from Falling Weight Deflectometer FWD measurements The Overseeing Organisation may then instruct any variation required in the method and pattern of cracking or subsequently confirm or otherwise the thickness of overlay required 6 11 07 The sequence of operations for the main production work shall be i where necessary pre planning and marking of the positions of induced transverse cracks ii application of clean water to assist examination of the crack pattern iii inducing transverse cracks iv observation of the surface crack pattern v extracting cores and vi seating The observation of the surface crack pattern and examination of the cores shall be carried out in daylight or under sufficient artificial light provided by the Contractor to the satisfaction of the Overseeing Organisation FWD measurements will follow the seating operation and shall be performed by the Contractor in accordance with Clause 717 unless stated otherwise in Appendix 7 16 Processing and analysis of the FWD results shall be performed by the Contractor in 18 Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works accordance with Clause 719 unless stated otherwise in Appendix 7 16 The road shall be neither overlaid nor re opened to highway traffic without the Overseeing Organisation s written confirmation that the Overseeing Organisation has com
69. hall be taken at locations chosen by the Overseeing Organisation ii Not less than 1 core every 300sq m iii Monitored by the Contractor i No multiple cracks or shattering within the core ii Cores shall have a single crack to the full depth of the hydraulically bound layer iii Cracks shall be predominantly vertical Seating 1 Monitored by the Overseeing Organisation ii Roll with the number of passes of the roller specified in Appendix 7 16 Certification by the Contractor that each point has been rolled with not lt the number of passes of the roller specified in Appendix 7 16 i Monitored by the Contractor ii Roll each point with not lt the number of passes of the roller specified in Appendix 7 16 Certification by the Contractor that each point has been rolled with not lt the number of passes of the roller specified in Appendix 7 16 FWD monitoring required by Appendix 7 16 Not part of the assessment of Contractor s work 5 Unless stated otherwise in Appendix 7 16 the Contractor to determine and record the minimum effective stiffness modulus from FWD measurements and core details provided by the Contractor Unless stated otherwise in Appendix 7 16 the Contractor to produce a record of the measured effective stiffness moduli for i the concrete pavement and ii the foundation both before and after cracking and or seating Unless st
70. he back analysis shall be performed in accordance with the procedure set out in Chapter 4 of the MODULUS HA Users Guide The additional parameters required by MODULUS HA shall be as specified in Appendix 7 19 11 The Contractor shall save the back analysed data as an ASCII data file in accordance with the procedure set out in Chapter 5 of the MODULUS HA Users Guide The structure of the data contained within the output data files shall be as specified in Appendix F of the MODULUS HA Users Guide 12 The Contractor shall compile and present the back analysed data created by MODULUS HA to the Overseeing Organisation in tabulated form in accordance with the electronic spreadsheet format specified in Appendix 7 19 For each FWD test point the presented data shall include as a minimum the i Station identification eg carriageway lane and chainage ii Magnitude of the applied load in kN iii Absolute measured deflections at each geophone position in microns iv Back analysed effective stiffness modulus of the hydraulically bound layer in MPa v Back analysed effective stiffness modulus of the foundation layer in MPa vi Calculated thickness of hydraulically bound material used in the back analysis in mm vii Root Mean Square Deviation RMS viii Absolute Mean Deviation AMD in microns ix Estimated depth to a stiff layer bedrock in mm The tabulated data shall also contain the actual me
71. he main work is shorter than that specified following the main trial the Contractor shall so notify the Overseeing Organisation in not less than 2 hours Should the crack pattern vary from that to which consent was given in the main trial or from any relevant subsequent production cracking re assessment trial with the consent of the Overseeing Organisation the Contractor shall adjust the plant and equipment in order to produce the agreed crack pattern The new settings of the plant and equipment shall be recorded by the Contractor together with the chainage at which the settings were changed These particulars shall be 21 Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works delivered to the Overseeing Organisation within not more than 24 hours of the changes being completed If the agreed crack pattern is not restored within 4 bays in jointed concrete pavements or within 20 m in HBM bases production cracking shall cease in accordance with sub Clause 7 of this Clause A production cracking re assessment trial shall then be carried out in accordance with sub Clauses 28 to 30 of this Clause before any further production cracking and seating work is executed 23 11 07 The depth and quality of the induced cracks shall be monitored by inspection of extracted cores If there has been shattering failure in accordance with sub Clause 18 iv of this Clause production cracking shall cease immediately The extent of the area affected shall be determ
72. he sealing processes shall be completed after the surfacing course has been completed and before the surface is opened to traffic Volume Specification for Highway Works Series 700 Road Pavements General FIGURE 7 1 05 01 Detail of Saw cut and Seal Groove with Sealant in Bituminous Overlay Surface level Sealant level within 0 mm 2 Crack initiation slot 20mm 2mm Sealant filling the sealant slot i e upper part of saw cut groove Bond breaker tape adhering to the underlying bituminous material Crack initiation slot T Bituminous overlay y 25mm 2mm 35mm N 2mm 3mm 1mm f a Note Centre lines of the existing joint or saw cut and of the crack initiation slot shall be co linear to within the tolerance specified in Appendix 7 13 Existing concrete pavement Existing joint or saw cut Amendment November 2009 Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works 714 05 01 Preparation of Jointed Concrete Pavements Prior to Overlaying and Saw cut and Seal of the Bituminous Overlays General 1 Where specified in Appendix 7 14 and shown on the Drawings the existing jointed un reinforced or reinforced cementitious pavement shall be prepared in accordance with this Clause before receiving a bituminous overlay which will then be saw cut and sealed in accordance with Clause 713 Acceptance of the Main Work 2 Once the preparation work to this Cla
73. her a Produce a record of the measured effective stiffness modulus for i the concrete pavement and ii the foundation combination both before and after the saw cutting and cracking and or seating or b Produce a record of measurements of vertical movement at joints before and after treatment Amendment November 2009 17 Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works 11 07 Consent to Use the Method and Acceptance of the Saw cutting and Cracking Re assessment Trial 35 11 09 The Contractor shall not resume the main work until the Overseeing Organisation has given its consent that the plant equipment and methods used in the saw cutting and cracking re assessment trial comply with the requirements given in Table 7 3 Consent to the plant equipment and methods will be given by the Overseeing Organisation following a successful demonstration in the saw cutting and cracking re assessment trial that the saw cutting and cracking and seating complies with the requirements of this Clause When consent to the method by the Overseeing Organisation has been given the plant equipment and methods shall not be changed thereafter without the prior consent of the Overseeing Organisation except for normal adjustment and maintenance of plant Should it be necessary for the Contractor to otherwise change any plant equipment and or method the Contractor shall carry out a further saw cutting and cracking re assessment trial
74. ies 700 Road Pavements General 05 04 for all lengths of subbase under concrete pavement slabs laid full thickness in one operation by machine with surface compaction iii The maximum allowable difference between the surface and the underside of the straight edge when placed parallel with or at right angles to the centre line of the road shall be for pavement surfaces 3mm 05 02 for binder courses 6mm 05 04 for subbases under concrete pavements as in iii above 10 mm TABLE 7 2NI 11 06 Maximum Permitted Number of Surface Irregularities Surfaces of each lane of carriageway each hard strip and each hard shoulder for each irregularity limit Surfaces of each lane of bituminous binder courses for carriageway hard strip and hard shoulder for each irregularity limit Surfaces of lay bys service areas and associated bituminous binder courses for each irregularity limit Irregularity Limits 4mm 7mm 4mm 7mm 4mm 7mm Length m 300 75 300 75 300 75 300 75 300 75 300 TS Category A Roads 20 9 2 1 40 18 4 2 40 18 4 2 Category B Roads 40 18 4 2 60 27 6 3 60 27 6 3 The Category of each section of road is described in Appendix 7 1 Rectification less than 50 mm surplus material removed or freshly mixed material added as necessary 10 11 02 Where any pavement area does not comply and re compacted in accordance with the with the Specification for regularity surface tolerance Specifi
75. iii Absolute measured deflections at each geophone position in microns iv Back analysed effective stiffness modulus of the hydraulically bound layer in MPa v Back analysed effective stiffness modulus of the foundation layer in MPa vi Calculated thickness of hydraulically bound material used in the back analysis in mm vii Root Mean Square Deviation RMS viii Absolute Mean Deviation AMD in microns ix Estimated depth to a stiff layer bedrock in mm The tabulated data shall also contain the actual measured core thicknesses and their locations relative to the FWD test positions 33 Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works Back analysis and Presentation of Results of FWD Monitoring of Main Trial 13 The Contractor shall back analyse and present the results of his FWD testing of the Main Trial carried out in accordance with Clause 717 for crack and seat or Clause 718 for saw cut crack and seat in accordance with sub Clauses 9 to 11 of this Clause The results shall also be presented graphically The layout of the graphs shall display the relationships specified in Appendix 7 19 in a format acceptable to the Overseeing Organisation Back analysis and Presentation of Results of FWD Monitoring of Main Production Works 14 The Contractor shall back analyse and present the results of his FWD testing of the Main Production Works carried out in accordance with Clause 717 for crack and seat or Claus
76. ined as specified in sub Clause 27 of this Clause Assessment of the Main Production Work 24 11 07 Compliance with the cracking and seating requirements shall be assessed during the main work in accordance with the following criteria i 11 07 The spacing of transverse cracks shall be checked by the Contractor and will be monitored by the Overseeing Organisation Series 700 Road Pavements General ii 11 07 The surface pattern of cracking of all areas that have been cracked shall be checked after applying water as specified in sub Clause 13 of this Clause 11 07 The depth and the vertical direction of cracking shall be determined through the full depth of the hydraulically bound pavement layer or layers symmetrically at the crack position Core diameter shall be in accordance with Appendix 7 16 Not less than one core shall be extracted in every 300 m of cracked concrete at locations selected by the Overseeing Organisation In cases where cracks are not visible in the surface the locations of cores will be generally in line with the impact points iii iv 11 07 The seating shall be assessed in accordance with sub Clause 18 v of this Clause Acceptance of the Main Production Work 25 11 09 The main production work under this Clause shall be accepted when it complies fully with the requirements of this Clause and with Table 7 4 TABLE 7 4 11 09 Crack and Seat of Existing Jointed Unreinforced Con
77. ion and area of the trial shall be as directed by the Overseeing Organisation and shall include a length of the most heavily trafficked lane The Contractor shall demonstrate that the saw cutting and cracking operation can achieve consistent compliance with this sub Clause and with sub Clauses 8 9 10 12 13 and 22 of this Clause and with Appendix 7 15 If the road pavement to be treated contains known areas where there are significant differences in the concrete thickness or the concrete strength or in the conditions of the reinforcement or foundations then a main trial shall be conducted in each such area The locations of pre existing transverse cracks within the Main Trial shall be recorded by the Contractor The work on the main trial length shall proceed as follows i Saw cutting and cracking shall proceed in stages as directed by the Overseeing Organisation Each Stage that is cracked and seated shall be assessed in accordance with sub Clause 22 of this Clause ii Stage 1 of the main trial shall be on 1 no slab The Contractor shall set up his plant and equipment and demonstrate that he can produce the required pattern and quality of saw cuts and transverse cracks in accordance with this Clause including Appendix 7 15 This shall be assessed in accordance with sub Clause 22 of this Clause In Stage 2 and any subsequent Stage of the main trial a length encompassed by 6 no saw cuts shall be cracked starting from one end
78. ither by coating the exposed sawn face with hot bitumen or heating by a suitable heater The heater shall raise the temperature of the full depth of the course immediately before laying the new material to a figure within the range of minimum rolling temperature and maximum temperature at any stage specified for the material and for a width of not less than 75 mm Concrete slabs Concrete slabs shall be rectified by planing grinding or bump cutting Large depressions which cannot be dealt with in this way shall be rectified by cutting out the surface and replacing by a thin bonded surface repair complying with Clause 1032 Retexturing of hardened concrete shall be carried out by sawing grooves in accordance with the Specification Texturing of replaced surfaces shall be by brushing in accordance with the Specification Where the slab cannot be rectified as above the full depth of 4 Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works slab shall be removed and replaced with a slab constructed in compliance with Clause 1033 to the extent required to obtain compliance with the Specification Remedial works involving the placing of fresh concrete shall be completed in sufficient time for the concrete strength to have developed as required in Clause 1048 before that section of pavement is opened to traffic 703 05 01 Not used 704 05 01 Not used 705 05 01 Not used 706 05 01 Excavation Trimming and Reinstatement of Existing
79. ments and between concrete and bituminous pavements shall be constructed as described in Appendix 7 2 Junctions in porous asphalt shall comply also with Clause 938 Junctions between porous asphalt surfacing and other pavement surfaces shall be constructed as described in Appendix 7 2 05 01 Compressed Air 15 When compressed air is used to clean dust dirt and debris from prepared faces of existing concrete or bituminous pavements which are otherwise ready for reinstatement only oil free compressed air shall be used and this shall be at a pressure of not less than 0 5 N mm Amendment November 2006 Series 700 Road Pavements General NSF
80. milling is required over extensive areas the Contractor shall programme the work to allow removal of full lane widths unless this is impracticable The Contractor shall notify his proposed programme of milling to the Overseeing Organisation prior to commencement of the work 8 Immediately after milling surplus materials shall be removed by a machine of suitable and efficient design and the milled surface swept to remove all dust and loose debris 9 The material removed from the carriageway shall be removed from site unless otherwise described in Appendix 2 3 No stockpiling shall be allowed on Site unless the material is to be used in the Works 10 Carriageways which are closed to traffic to permit milling shall be resurfaced after milling prior to reopening the carriageway to traffic unless otherwise agreed by the Overseeing Organisation 11 When specified in Appendix 7 9 48 hours prior to cold milling the Contractor shall carry out a sweep of the area s to locate any buried metalwork within the layer to be cold milled The sweep shall be carried out with electronic detection equipment suitable for the purpose The surface shall be clearly marked above all objects to show their detected extent The objects shall be referenced and their location and depth reported to the Overseeing Organisation within 6 hours of discovery Surfacing in the vicinity of such objects shall be excavated using pneumatic tools or other suitable methods
81. mum dimensions subject to sub Clause 3 of this Clause necessary to carry out the work Excavations 3 05 04 Excavations in existing pavements and other paved areas except those described in sub Clause 4 of this Clause including surfacing base and subbase shall be cut to neat lines to dimensions at least 75 mm greater on each side than the dimensions of any further excavation below formation level Excavations in capping shall be taken at least 75 mm outside the dimensions of any excavation below Road surfacing of bituminous material shall be cut back by sawing or planing to a further 75 mm on each side Planing shall be carried out in accordance with Clause 709 Concrete surfacing and concrete roadbases except CBM shall be cut back by sawing by at least 300 mm on each side to the level of any reinforcement in reinforced slabs and to the full depth of the slab in unreinforced slabs If excavations are required to inspect the condition of lower layers each layer shall be excavated separately and cleaned of debris to permit inspection 4 Concrete blocks clay pavers and precast concrete flags kerbs and channels shall be lifted without cutting to the nearest joint satisfying sub Clause 3 of this Clause and carefully stored for re use or dealt with as described in Appendix 2 3 In situ kerbs and channels shall be broken out to at least 150 mm beyond the excavation 5 All excavations shall be carried out in compliance with the Sp
82. n data The effective stiffness moduli of the saw cut cracked and seated hydraulically bound layer or layers and of the underlying foundation shall be calculated by the Contractor using back analysis of the FWD measurements obtained by the Contractor in accordance with Clause 719 2 FWD measurements shall be made on the surface of the concrete after the removal of any existing asphalt overlay or surfacing from the area to be tested Removal of overlay shall be completed ahead of the FWD testing at a distance of not less than 100 m from the FWD equipment The cracking and seating operation shall also be completed ahead of the FWD testing at a distance of not less than 100 m from the FWD equipment in order to minimise the effect of pavement vibration FWD measurements shall follow the seating operation The Contractor shall ensure that a sufficient frequency of clearly marked locational reference markers have been put in place to the satisfaction of the Overseeing Organisation for the purpose of accurately recording the locations of the FWD measurements and therefore correlating the results with the settings used by the cracking plant 28 Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works 3 The Overseeing Organisation will use the effective stiffness moduli obtained from the main trial in accordance with Clause 719 in conjunction with the other criteria specified in sub Clause 21 of Clause 715 to determine the required transverse crack spacing to b
83. nder course for level regularity or macrotexture depth it shall be cleaned of loose or extraneous materials These operations shall be carried out without damaging the surface of the pavement as soon as possible and within 3 days of construction of the pavement 7 Compliance with Table 7 2NI shall be checked by the rolling straight edge along any line or lines parallel to the edge of pavement on sections of 300 m at regular intervals as stated in Appendix 7 1 whether or not it is constructed in shorter lengths Sections shorter than 300 m forming part of a longer pavement shall be assessed using the number of irregularities for a 300 m length pro rata to the nearest whole number Where the total length of pavement is less than 300 m the measurements shall be taken on 75 m lengths N1 Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works 8 11 04 Pavements shall be measured transversely for irregularities at regular intervals as stated in Appendix 7 1 by a3 m long straight edge to BS 8420 placed at right angles to the centre line of the road The maximum allowable difference between the pavement surface and the straight edge shall be 3 mm 9 Astraight edge 3 metres long shall be used to check longitudinal surface regularity in the following cases i 11 04 for lengths of less than 75 m of surface course binder course and concrete slabs where use of the rolling straight edge or equivalent apparatus is impracticable ii Ser
84. ned concrete shall be carried out by sawing grooves in accordance with the Specification Texturing of replaced surfaces shall be by brushing in accordance with the Specification Where the slab cannot be rectified as above the full depth of slab shall be removed and replaced with a slab constructed in compliance with Clause 1033 to the extent required to obtain compliance with the Specification Remedial works involving the placing of fresh concrete shall be completed in sufficient time for the concrete strength to have developed as required in Clause 1048 before that section of pavement is opened to traffic 706NI 05 01 Excavation Trimming and Reinstatement of Existing Surfaces General 1 The Contractor shall not excavate pits trenches or other openings in paved areas which have been constructed as part of the Permanent Works in order to construct other parts of the Works including Statutory Undertakers and other service works except with the prior approval of the Overseeing Organisation 2 Where excavation and trimming of existing paved areas and highways not constructed as part of the Permanent Works are required in Appendix 7 2 they shall be carried out and reinstated in compliance with this Clause and with any additional requirements described in Appendix 7 2 Excavations shall be carried out to the dimensions described in Appendix 7 2 or if N3 Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works not so described to the mini
85. ng and any other detritus prior to cracking Cracking 12 11 07 Induced cracking of existing pavement layer or layers shall be carried out to comply with this Clause including the particular requirements in Appendix 7 15 13 11 07 Transverse cracks at the positions of the saw cuts shall be induced by suitable plant with a guillotine action capable of delivering controlled variable pre set impact loads to the concrete surface The plant used to crack the concrete pavement layer or layers shall be self propelled and have all wheels fitted with rubber tyres The compressive strength of the existing concrete shall be provided by the Overseeing Organisation in Appendix 7 15 The Contractor shall keep records of i the settings to his plant and equipment i1 the chainage and ii1 the time at which each and every adjustment is made to the plant and equipment Such records shall be in accordance with the pro forma in Appendix 7 17 for the Cracking Plant and Equipment Progress Record and shall be available on demand for inspection by the Overseeing Organisation Cracks shall be induced in the concrete underlying the saw cut by one strike of the impacting head of such plant The Contractor shall take suitable measures to ensure that the plant and impact head are of sufficient mass and geared to prevent both head bounce and any associated surface damage arising therefrom The impact force shall be adjustable to achieve the cracking specifi
86. nt and maintenance of plant Should it be necessary for the Contractor to otherwise change any plant equipment and or method the Contractor may be required to carry out a further main trial Stage Main Production Work 25 11 07 The saw cutting and cracking operation for the main production work shall proceed using the parameters as determined from the Main Trial or from any relevant subsequent Saw cutting and Cracking Re Assessment Trial The seating operation shall be completed by rolling the pavement with the number of passes specified in Appendix 7 15 The main work shall be assessed in accordance with sub Clause 29 of this Clause As required in Appendix 7 15 the Contractor shall make allowance in his programme for FWD 13 Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works measurements of effective stiffness modulus which will be made by the Contractor according to Clause 718 after seating in accordance with this Clause unless stated otherwise in Appendix 7 15 The Contractor will perform the processing and analysis of the FWD measurements in accordance with Clause 719 unless stated otherwise in Appendix 7 15 and will present the results to the Overseeing Organisation for interpretation and instruction The Contractor shall remove all debris from the cracked pavement before FWD measurements are made 26 11 07 The Contractor shall be responsible for the continuous observation of the operation The location of pre existing transverse
87. nt trial shall be assessed in accordance with sub Clauses 22 and 23 above TABLE 7 3 11 09 Saw cut Crack and Seat of Existing Jointed Reinforced Concrete Pavements Assessment Criteria for Acceptance of Trials and for the Main Production Work TYPE OF CRITERIA TRIAL Transverse Crack quality and Coring to determine Seating FWD monitoring OR spacings and depths extent depth of saw cut and where required WORK of saw cuts severity depth and CATEGORY vertical direction of not part of the cracking assessment of Contractor s work 1 2 3 4 5 Main trial i As specified in 1 No longitudinal crack 1 Cores shall be taken i Monitored by the None required Stage 1 Appendix 7 15 length gt saw cut through saw cuts at Contractor May be done for by ii Checked by the PAESE ea chosn Uyi ii Roll with the number theOverseeing Contractor Gii Monitored by the pete of passes of the roller Organisationat his Contractor specified in Appendix request 7 15 Amendment November 2009 15 Volume Specification for Highway Works Series 700 Road Pavements General TABLE 7 3 11 09 Saw cut Crack and Seat of Existing Jointed Reinforced Concrete Pavements Assessment Criteria for Acceptance of Trials and for the Main Production Work continued Overseeing Organisation Gi Monitored by the Overseeing Organisation ii Not less than 5 cores TYPE OF CRITERIA TRIAL Transvers
88. o the plant equipment and methods will be given by the Overseeing Organisation following a successful demonstration in the Production Cracking Re assessment Trial that the cracking and seating complies with the requirements of this Clause When consent to the method has been given by the Overseeing Organisation the plant equipment and methods shall not be changed thereafter without the prior consent of the Overseeing Organisation except for normal adjustment and maintenance of plant Should it be necessary for the Contractor to otherwise change any plant equipment and or method the Contractor shall carry out a further Production Cracking Re assessment Trial 717 11 07 Monitoring of Cracked and Seated Jointed Unreinforced Concrete Pavements and HBM Bases using the Falling Weight Deflectometer FWD General 1 This Clause specifies the procedures to be followed when the Falling Weight Deflectometer FWD is to be used to acquire the measurements required to determine the load spreading properties of cracked and seated concrete as required by Clause 716 Specifically the FWD shall be used to validate whether the effective stiffness modulus of the cracked and seated hydraulically bound layer or layers exceeds the threshold value determined from the structural design calculations The type of equipment is specified together with the procedures for its use on site and the parameters to be used to acquire the deflection data The effective s
89. or service involving replacement parts 8 11 09 For the monitoring of the saw cut crack and seat operation the load level shall be set at SOkN 10 The load pulse shall be applied through a 300 mm diameter plate and have arise time from start of pulse to peak of between 5 and 15 milliseconds Most FWDs in the UK have a 60 Hz smoothing filter option The use of this filter has been shown to improve the agreement between machines and where available smoothing shall be activated Deflections shall be measured to a resolution of at least 1 micron over the range 0 2 mm by a minimum of 7 sensors situated at radii up to a distance of 2 25m from the centre of the loading plate at positions shown in Table 7 6 While more than 7 geophones can be fitted to an FWD Clause 719 requires that the data input to the approved back analysis software program shall contain measurements only from the geophones located at the positions shown in Table 7 6 Table 7 6 11 09 Deflection Sensor Positions for Monitoring Cracking and Seating Type of Pavement a a ja a Jointed reinforced concrete o0 300 6oo 9o 1350 Operation on site 9 FWD testing shall not be performed while standing water is present on the surface to be tested 10 The Contractor shall ensure that there is no detritus on the road surface prior to the FWD testing Care shall be taken to ensure that the whole area of the FWD loading plate is in contact with the p
90. ore analysis TABLE 7 5 11 09 Deflection Sensor Positions for Monitoring Cracking and Seating Type of Pavement a from genue of anA Plate TRA UE Jointed unreinforced concrete or HBM base 1 350 1 800 2 250 11 11 09 During FWD testing it is essential for subsequent analysis that the deflection values for d1 to d7 decrease as the distance from the applied load increases Should the deflection measured by a geophone of a higher number see Table 7 5 be greater than the deflection measured by a geophone of lower number then the FWD shall be moved forwards or backwards by a small distance and the measurement Amendment November 2009 cycle repeated If it is not possible to obtain a decreasing deflection bowl after two shifts of position then the measurement should be discarded and the Overseeing Organisation informed of the location of the test position for possible further investigation Measurements of pavement temperature at 100 mm depth should be recorded at no less than hourly intervals 26 Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works Main Trial Area Testing 12 In Stage 2 and subsequent Stages of a Main Trial FWD measurements shall be made both before and after cracking to determine the reduction in the effective stiffness modulus of the concrete produced by the cracking and seating operation Stage 2 and subsequent Stages shall consist of an area as described in sub Clause 17 of Clause 716 The area of con
91. ove shall comprise both the sealant slot and the crack initiation slot The centre line of the crack initiation slot in the overlay shall be aligned with each existing joint in the underlying concrete pavement to within the tolerance specified in Appendix 7 13 Sealing 8 The area at saw cut grooves in the bituminous overlay at which the sealing material is to be laid shall have been thoroughly cleaned and shall be dry and free from dust detritus or other debris The ambient temperature and the temperature of the adjacent bituminous material shall be neither less than 5 C nor greater than 50 C Suitable measures shall be taken to prevent the sealant from entering the crack initiation slot 9 Sealing at saw cut grooves shall not commence until the line direction and dimensions of each saw cut groove has been verified by the Overseeing Organisation and the Contractor has received written agreement that sealing may commence The saw cut grooves shall be sealed to the requirements of Clause 1016 with a hot applied material to Clause 1017 A sample of the proposed sealant together with the manufacturer s certificate and recommendations for its use shall be supplied to the Overseeing Organisation before any saw cutting commences The sealant shall fill the sealant slot to the surface level within the tolerance stated in Figure 7 1 The sealant level and tolerance will be verified within 24 hours of the application of the sealant 10 T
92. pleted its intepretation of the FWD measurements and that the condition of the treated pavement is in accordance with the design requirements 7 11 07 Once the main crack and seat operation has commenced its efficacy shall be kept under review by the Contractor in accordance with sub Clauses 21 to 25 of this Clause If due to variations in the strength or other physical characteristics of the hydraulically bound pavement layer or of the foundation or otherwise the crack pattern varies from that confirmed in the main trial the equipment shall be adjusted as described in sub Clauses 10 and 22 of this Clause to produce the required crack pattern If the crack pattern obtained in the main trial is not re established within 4 bays for jointed unreinforced concrete pavements or within 20 m for HBM bases then production cracking shall stop immediately The Contractor shall report such circumstances to the Overseeing Organisation orally within 1 hour and confirm it in writing within 2 hours A production cracking re assessment trial shall then be carried out in accordance with sub Clauses 28 to 30 of this Clause before any further cracking and seating work is executed at the relevant area 8 11 07 If for reasons other than those in sub Clause 22 of this Clause it either 1 becomes necessary for the Contractor to change any plant equipment and or method or ii the Contractor makes unplanned use of different or additional plant he shall
93. rdance with this Clause shall be assessed by the Overseeing Organisation in conjunction with the other criteria specified in sub clause 24 of Clause 716 The Overseeing Organisation shall instruct or otherwise on any remedial actions that may be required The road shall be neither overlaid nor re opened to highway traffic without the Overseeing Organisation s written confirmation that he has completed his interpretation of the FWD measurements and that all required remedial actions have been completed Production Cracking Re assessment Trial 23 Should a production cracking re assessment trial be required for the reasons specified in sub Clause 7 of Clause 716 then FWD measurements will be required for assessment of the trial These measurements shall be made by the Contractor in accordance with sub Clauses 12 to 17 of this Clause both before and after cracking and seating Assessment of Production Cracking Re assessment Trial 24 After completion of the FWD measurements on the re assessment trial the deflection data and layer thickness details derived from cores taken in accordance with Clause 716 shall be used by the Contractor to calculate effective stiffness moduli of the pavement layers in accordance with Clause 719 The Overseeing Organisation will use these moduli values in conjunction with the other criteria specified in sub Clause 18 of Clause 716 to determine the transverse crack spacing to be used in the main production wo
94. reed in advance with the Overseeing Organisation in a method statement The accuracy of such markings shall be compatible with the specified accuracy of subsequent saw cutting operations to this Clause Bituminous Overlay Including Tack Coat and Bond Coat 5 05 02 Bituminous overlay shall comply with Appendix 7 1 and the relevant Clauses of Series 900 For the purposes of this Clause bituminous overlay shall include all specified regulating course base binder course and surfacing Tack or bond coating shall be as specified in Appendix 7 4 Amendment November 2009 Series 700 Road Pavements General Saw cutting of Grooves Cleaning and Sealing 6 Saw cutting of grooves cleaning application of bond breaker tape and sealing of grooves shall be carried out in one continuous operation and shall be completed in its entirety before the surface is opened to site traffic This trafficking restriction shall not apply to Contractor s vehicles and plant necessary to complete the bituminous overlay Saw cutting of Grooves 7 As soon as practicable following the completion of the bituminous overlay in a given area transverse saw cutting of grooves shall be carried out at each of the pre marked locations defined in sub Clause 4 of this Clause The positions and dimensions of all such saw cut grooves shall be to the tolerance specified in Appendix 7 13 The cross section of saw cut grooves shall comply with Figure 7 1 The saw cut gro
95. rk For jointed unreinforced concrete pavements the analysis will also provide the location on Amendment November 2009 Series 700 Road Pavements General individual bays where FWD measurements will be made following cracking and seating in the main works Consent to the Method and Acceptance of the Production Cracking Re assessment Trial 25 11 09 The Contractor shall not resume the main crack and seat works until the Overseeing Organisation has given his consent that the plant equipment and methods used in the production cracking re assessment trial comply with the requirements given in Table 7 4 of Clause 716 and sub Clauses 23 and 24 of this Clause 718 11 07 Monitoring of Saw cut Cracked and Seated Jointed Reinforced Concrete Pavements Using the Falling Weight Deflectometer FWD General 1 This Clause specifies the procedures to be followed when the Falling Weight Deflectometer FWD is to be used to acquire the measurements used to determine the load spreading properties of saw cut cracked and seated reinforced concrete as required by Clause 715 Specifically the FWD shall be used to validate whether the effective stiffness modulus of the saw cut cracked and seated hydraulically bound layer or layers exceeds the threshold value determined from the structural design calculations The type of equipment is specified together with the procedures for its use on site and the parameters required to acquire the deflectio
96. rlay and surfacing shall be removed from the area to be treated Amendment November 2009 Series 700 Road Pavements General under this Clause to the full width of each lane up to the adjoining longitudinal joint s unless directed otherwise by the Overseeing Organisation Removal of any overlay shall be completed ahead of the works at a distance of not less than 50 m from the saw cutting operation The Contractor shall also ensure that adequate reference location marks based on the Overseeing Organisation s chainage have been clearly marked and agreed with the Overseeing Organisation for purposes of accurately recording progress and the locations of changes to equipment settings 3 11 07 Before any of the main saw cut and crack and seat work is commenced a main trial shall be carried out as specified in sub Clause 21 of this Clause After the main trial the Contractor shall locate all bay joints repair joints and any existing transverse cracks and shall pre plan and mark the positions of the intended transverse saw cuts using the transverse saw cut spacing determined from the main trial If the Contractor foresees any difficulty in complying with this sub Clause he shall immediately inform the Overseeing Organisation and shall not proceed with saw cutting in such areas until he has received appropriate instructions from the Overseeing Organisation 4 11 07 Unless directed otherwise by the Overseeing Organisation cracking an
97. s shall be made every 5 m along the centre line of each traffic lane and shifting by 0 5 m where necessary to avoid the location of pre existing transverse cracks 20 Ifthe crack characteristics or patterns vary from those to which consent was given in the main trial or from any relevant subsequent production cracking re assessment trial and are not restored within 4 bays in jointed concrete pavements or within 20 m in HBM bases production cracking shall cease in accordance 27 Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works with sub Clause 7 of Clause 716 A production cracking re assessment trial shall then be carried out in accordance with sub Clause 28 of Clause 716 before any further production cracking and seating work is executed 21 After completion of the FWD measurements on the Main Production Work the deflection data and layer thickness details derived from cores taken in accordance with Clause 716 and supplemented by Ground Penetrating Radar GPR measurements when required by Appendix 7 16 shall be used by the Contractor to calculate effective stiffness moduli of the pavement layers in accordance with Clause 719 The moduli values shall be supplied to the Overseeing Organisation within 24 hours of the cracking operations Acceptance of the Main Production Work Testing 22 The effective stiffness moduli of the cracked and seated concrete calculated in accordance with Clause 719 from the FWD measurements collected in acco
98. s stated in Appendix 7 1 by a3 m long straight edge in Series 700 Road Pavements General accordance with BS 8420 placed at right angles to the centre line of the road The maximum allowable difference between the pavement surface and the straight edge shall be 3 mm 9 A straight edge 3 metres long shall be used to check longitudinal surface regularity in the following cases i 11 04 for lengths of less than 75 m of surface course binder course and concrete slabs ii where use of the rolling straight edge or equivalent apparatus is impracticable iii 05 04 for all lengths of subbase under concrete pavement slabs laid full thickness in one operation by machine with surface compaction The maximum allowable difference between the surface and the underside of the straight edge when placed parallel with or at right angles to the centre line of the road shall be for pavement surfaces 3 mm 05 02 for binder courses 6 mm 05 04 for subbases under concrete pavements as in iii above 10 mm TABLE 7 2 11 06 Maximum Permitted Number of Surface Irregularities Surfaces of each lane of carriageway each hard strip and each hard shoulder for each irregularity limit Surfaces of each lane of bituminous binder courses for carriageway hard strip and hard shoulder for each irregularity limit Surfaces of lay bys service areas and associated bituminous binder courses for each irregularity limit
99. specified the transverse crack spacing and given its consent that the effective stiffness modulus of the cracked and seated concrete exceeds the threshold value required by the structural design 17 Consent to the plant equipment and methods will be given by the Overseeing Organisation following a successful demonstration in the main trial that the cracking and seating complies with the requirements of Clause 716 and this Clause When consent by the Overseeing Organisation to the method has been given the plant equipment and methods shall not be changed thereafter without the prior consent of the Overseeing Organisation except for normal adjustment and maintenance of plant Should it be necessary for the Contractor to otherwise change any plant equipment and or method the Contractor shall carry out a further main trial Stage Main Production Work Testing 18 The cracking operation for the main production work shall proceed at the crack spacing determined from the main trial or from any relevant subsequent production cracking re assessment trial The main production work shall be assessed in accordance with sub Clause 24 of Clause 716 with reference to sub Clause 21 of this Clause 19 FWD measurements shall be made along the centre line of every bay of jointed concrete pavement after cracking and seating at the bay location determined by the Overseeing Organisation from the results of the main trial For HBM bases the FWD measurement
100. ss than 40 mm with the adjacent wheels The internal pressure of the tyres shall be adjustable to provide variable ground contact pressure GCP The Contractor shall certify in an agreed form on a daily basis the exact extent of work completed under this sub Clause and shall deliver each such certificate to the Overseeing Organisation before noon the next day 19 11 07 Where voids under the pavement permit rocking at the ends of the slab s that is not remedied by the seating operation under sub Clause 18 of this Clause this shall be deemed to be unstable seating This shall require additional parallel saw cuts followed by Amendment November 2009 Series 700 Road Pavements General cracking at suitable positions sufficient to enable stable seating to be achieved to the satisfaction of the Overseeing Organisation 20 11 07 Once saw cutting and cracking and seating and any remedial work under sub Clause 31 of this Clause have been completed the pavement shall be prepared to Clause 920 before overlay Main Trial Area 21 11 07 The Contractor shall demonstrate that the plant equipment and method that he proposes for the saw cut and cracking and seating of the existing concrete layer or layers are capable of producing the required depth of saw cut and required type of cracks This shall be demonstrated by first executing a main trial over an area neither less than 250 m2 nor greater than 420 m2 of existing pavement The locat
101. stated in compliance with Series 1100 to match the existing construction 9 05 04 Where settlement of the reinstatement occurs the surface level shall be brought to correct levels and surface regularity Where an existing pavement has been trimmed for a new pavement to abut it regulating layers for changes in crossfall or level shall comply with the requirements for the appropriate subbase base or surface layer 10 Immediately before bituminous layers are reinstated the edges of the existing material shall be cleaned of all loose material and be coated with an appropriate hot bituminous binder or equivalent treatment Where joints in concrete slabs are affected by the excavation they shall be reinstated by cutting back to at least 0 5 m on each side of a transverse joint and forming an expansion joint on one side of the excavation and a contraction joint on the other and provide longitudinal joints where necessary in the same line before reinstatement in compliance with Series 1000 to match the existing construction Reinstatement of Unpaved Areas and Other Surfaced Highways 11 Where the excavation affects verges grassed areas footpaths and bridleways they shall be reinstated to match the existing surface after backfilling in compliance with sub Clause 6 of this Clause to a depth of 150 mm below the existing surface The reinstatement shall be completed by topsoil and seeding or turfing in compliance with the Specification in both
102. surface compaction Subbases other than above 10 30 mm Where a surface water channel is laid before the adjacent road pavement layer the top of that layer measured from the top of the adjacent edge of the surface water channel shall be to the tolerances given in Table 7 1 3 05 04 Notwithstanding the tolerances permitted in surface levels of pavement courses the cumulative tolerance shall not result in a reduction in thickness of the pavement excluding the subbase by more than 15 mm from the specified thickness nor a reduction in the thickness of the bituminous surface course by more than 5 mm from that specified 4 For checking compliance with sub Clause 2 of this Clause measurements of the surface levels of all courses will be taken on a grid of points located as described in Appendix 7 1 In any length of pavement compliance shall be deemed to be met for all surfaces other than the final road surface when not more than one of ten consecutive measurements taken longitudinally or one in any transverse line exceeds the tolerances permitted in Table 7 1 provided that this one measurement shall not exceed by more than 5 mm the tolerance for the course concerned For the final road surface the tolerance given in Table 7 1 shall apply to any point on that surface Surface Regularity 5 11 06 The longitudinal regularity of the surfaces of surface courses binder courses and concrete slabs shall be such that the number o
103. t November 2007 Series 700 Road Pavements General MODULUS HA shall be as specified in Appendix 7 19 If the FWD deflection measurement data is not output in F20 or FWD file formats then the Contractor shall produce suitable OUT files containing the measured FWD data with the required structure by an alternative method of his own devising 10 Following production of a suitable OUT file the Contractor shall back analyse the FWD deflection data obtained from a length of pavement defined in accordance with sub Clause 5 of this Clause The back analysis shall be performed in accordance with the procedure set out in Chapter 4 of the MODULUS HA Users Guide The additional parameters required by MODULUS HA shall be as specified in Appendix 7 19 11 The Contractor shall save the back analysed data as an ASCII data file in accordance with the procedure set out in Chapter 5 of the MODULUS HA Users Guide The structure of the data contained within the output data files shall be as specified in Appendix F of the MODULUS HA Users Guide 12 The Contractor shall compile and present the back analysed data created by MODULUS HA to the Overseeing Organisation in tabulated form in accordance with the electronic spreadsheet format specified in Appendix 7 19 For each FWD test point the presented data shall include as a minimum the i Station identification eg carriageway lane and chainage ii Magnitude of the applied load in KN
104. t Stages of the main trial the number of cores shall be in accordance with Table 7 3 with not less than one core taken from alternate saw cuts These shall be at locations selected by the Overseeing Organisation If the depth of saw cut exceeds the specified depth or if any shattering or multiple cracking is present in the extracted core then it is deemed to require remedial work in accordance with sub Clause 31 of this Clause v The Contractor s seating certificates required under sub Clause 18 of this Clause will be checked by the Overseeing Organisation If the number of roller passes required for seating is not in accordance with sub Clause 18 of this Clause the Contractor shall roll the entire area again in accordance with sub Clause 18 of this Clause with not less than the number of passes of the roller specified in Appendix 7 15 23 11 07 Where required in Appendix 7 15 FWD testing of effective stiffness modulus shall be performed Amendment November 2009 Series 700 Road Pavements General before saw cutting and after seating in Stage 2 and any subsequent Stages of the main trial The FWD testing shall be performed by the Contractor in accordance with Clause 718 unless stated otherwise in Appendix 7 15 both i before cracking and ii after seating in accordance with this Clause Unless stated otherwise in Appendix 7 15 the Contractor shall perform the processing and analysis of the FWD measurements in accor
105. t necessary a regulating course as described in Appendix 7 1 and specified in Clause 907 shall be provided The locations of areas to be trimmed are given in Appendix 7 2 10 05 01 Junctions between concrete pavements and between concrete and bituminous pavements shall be constructed as described in Appendix 7 2 Junctions in porous asphalt surfacing shall comply also with Clause 938 Junctions between porous asphalt surfacing and other pavement surfaces shall be constructed as described in Appendix 7 2 05 01 Compressed Air 11 When compressed air is used to clean dust dirt and debris from prepared faces of existing concrete or bituminous pavements which are otherwise ready for reinstatement only oil free compressed air shall be used and this shall be at a pressure of not less than 0 5 N mm2 707 Breaking Up or Perforation of Redundant Pavement 1 Where redundant pavement construction is to be perforated or broken up the pavement shall be treated as described in Appendix 7 6 708 05 01 Not used 709 05 01 Cold milling Planing of Bituminous Bound Flexible Pavement 1 Where cold milling of bituminous bound flexible pavement is required the area of carriageway to be milled shall be removed by a suitable milling machine to the requirements specified in Appendix 7 9 The process shall be carried out so as not to produce excessive quantities of dust which shall be minimised by damping with water sprays 2 The cut e
106. taken at locations chosen by the Overseeing Organisation ii Not less than 5 cores with not less than core from each bay or 5m length in HBM bases as appropriate iii Monitored by the Overseeing Organisation i No multiple cracks or shattering within the core ii Cores shall have a single crack to the full depth of the hydraulically bound layer iii Cracks shall be predominantly vertical Seating 1 Monitored by the Overseeing Organisation ii Roll each point with not lt the number of passes of the roller specified in Appendix 7 16 Certification by the Contractor that each point has been rolled with not lt the number of passes of the roller specified in Appendix 7 16 FWD monitoring required by Appendix 7 16 Not part of the assessment of Contractor s work 5 Unless stated otherwise in Appendix 7 16 the Contractor to determine and record the minimum effective stiffness modulus on every bay or 5 m length of HBM base after cracking and or seating from FWD measurements and core details provided by the Contractor Unless stated otherwise in Appendix 7 16 the Contractor to produce a record of the measured effective stiffness moduli for i the concrete pavement and ii the foundation combination both before and after cracking and seating affected area shall be determined and the rejected section s shall be broken out excavated to full depth 26 08 08
107. the Contractor shall roll the entire area again with not less than the number of passes of the roller specified in Appendix 7 15 unless otherwise instructed by the Overseeing Organisation 32 11 07 The extent of shattering or multiple cracking or the extent to which the depth of the saw cut is outside the specified tolerance shall be determined by extracting and inspecting cores Such cores shall be taken through a saw cut within the area between the position of the crack inducing plant and the last core in which the saw cutting and cracking complied with the requirements of sub Clause 29 of this Clause The extent of longitudinal cracking in the highway traffic wheel tracks shall be determined by visual inspection Saw cutting and Cracking Re assessment Trial 33 11 07 When in the opinion of the Overseeing Organisation the conditions so require a saw cut and cracking re assessment trial shall take place The re assessment trial described in this sub Clause and in sub Clauses 7 26 34 and 35 of this Clause shall require the Contractor to demonstrate that the plant equipment and method to which consent was given by the Overseeing Organisation for use in the main production work are capable of producing the required effective stiffness modulus in the existing concrete layer or layers by executing this trial over an area of neither less than 75 m nor greater than 120 m of existing pavement The Series 700 Road Pavements General
108. the main trial in sub Clauses 21 to 24 of this Clause shall be as specified in Appendix 7 15 No saw cuts shall be made within the distance stated in Appendix 7 15 from an existing transverse joint or crack The saw cuts shall be made at the marked positions and shall be transverse to the longitudinal axis of the carriageway and within the tolerances specified in Appendix 7 15 10 11 07 The depth of all saw cuts shall be measured from the top surface of the concrete pavement slab The minimum depth of saw cuts shall be just sufficient to cut completely through the longitudinal steel reinforcement but this depth shall in no circumstances exceed 50 of the nominal depth of the concrete pavement layer When such a saw cut fails to fully cut through the reinforcing steel the cracking operation shall not proceed within 5 m of the incompletely cut bar This fact shall be recorded by the Contractor who shall report it to the Overseeing Organisation as soon as practicable This report shall be confirmed within 18 hours Saw cutting shall also cease immediately and not re commence on the same slab until so instructed by Amendment November 2009 Series 700 Road Pavements General the Overseeing Organisation If there has been any over cutting this shall be remedied in accordance with sub Clause 31 of this Clause 11 11 07 Each saw cut and the carriageway surface adjacent to it shall be thoroughly cleaned of the slurry produced by sawi
109. thin the tolerances specified in Appendix 7 16 13 11 07 The Contractor shall be responsible for i adjusting his equipment and methods so that the requisite crack pattern is maintained 11 producing full depth fine vertical cracks in the hydraulically bound layer or layers and iii rendering treated areas suitable for overlaying to the satisfaction of the Overseeing Organisation For all trials and for all production cracking operations the Contractor shall provide clean water and shall saturate the surface area of the pavement which is to be cracked The surface shall be allowed to dry naturally or shall be dried artificially so that it becomes surface dry before visual inspection is made of the induced crack pattern The cracking operation shall not proceed more than 100 metres beyond the last accepted core in the assessment under sub Clause 22 of this Clause 19 Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works Coring Series 700 Road Pavements General cracks within the area of the Main Trial shall be recorded by the Contractor The work on the main trial 14 11 07 The Contractor shall take cores in accordance with sub Clauses 18 23 24 and 27 of this Clause and with Appendix 7 16 at locations selected by i the Overseeing Organisation All holes from which core samples have been extracted shall be filled with new hydraulically bound material equivalent to that in the surrounding pavement and adequately compacted in
110. tiffness moduli of the cracked and seated hydraulically bound layer or layers and of the underlying foundation shall be calculated by the Contractor using back analysis of the FWD measurements obtained by the Contractor in accordance with Clause 719 2 FWD measurements shall be made on the surface of the concrete after the removal of any existing asphalt overlay or surfacing from the area to be tested Removal of overlay shall be completed ahead of the FWD testing at a distance of not less than 100 m from the FWD equipment The cracking and seating operation shall be completed ahead of the FWD testing at a distance of not less than 100 m from the FWD equipment in order to minimise the effect of pavement vibration FWD measurements shall follow the seating operation The Contractor shall ensure that a sufficient frequency of clearly marked locational reference markers have been put in place to the satisfaction of the Overseeing Organisation for the purpose of accurately recording the 25 Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works locations of the FWD measurements and therefore correlating the results with the settings used by the cracking plant 3 The Overseeing Organisation will use the effective stiffness moduli obtained from the main trial in accordance with Clause 719 in conjunction with the other criteria specified in sub Clause 17 of Clause 716 to determine the required transverse crack spacing to be used in the main production work
111. us layers are reinstated the edges of the existing material shall be cleaned of all loose material and be coated with an appropriate hot bituminous binder or equivalent treatment Where joints in concrete slabs are affected by the excavation they shall be reinstated by cutting back to at least 0 5 m on each side of a transverse joint and forming an expansion joint on one side of the excavation and a contraction joint on the other and provide longitudinal joints where necessary in the same line before reinstatement in compliance with Series 1000 to match the existing construction Reinstatement of Other Areas 8 Where the excavation affects grassed areas unpaved footpaths footways verges and bridleways they shall be reinstated to match the existing surface after backfilling with acceptable material described in Appendix 7 2 to a depth of not less than 150 mm below the finished surface Junctions Between New Pavement Construction and Existing Pavement or Other Paved Areas 9 Where new pavement construction abuts an existing bituminous pavement which has to be reduced 5 Volume 1 Specification for Highway Works in level or overlaid to match alignment and levels the existing surface shall be trimmed by the minimum amount of cold milling planing to a depth which will allow the specified thickness of new construction to be laid the edge being trimmed and treated in compliance with this Clause Where the difference in level makes i
112. use has been accepted by the Overseeing Organisation for a specified portion of the total area the bituminous overlay including any tack or bond coating may proceed Then the saw cutting and sealing shall be carried out and accepted solely in accordance with the requirements of Clause 713 Checking and Repair of Joints 3 All joints arrises and temporary repairs shall be checked and repaired in accordance with Appendix 7 14 Removal of Debris Brushing and Cleaning before Overlay 4 Before work to this Clause commences the area shall be cleared of all debris and detritus and then be thoroughly brushed clean Similar cleaning shall be carried out on completion of work to this Clause and prior to tack or bond coating in preparation for overlaying with the specified bituminous material 715 05 01 Saw cut Crack and Seat Existing Jointed Reinforced Concrete Pavements General 1 11 07 Where shown on the drawings listed in Appendix 7 15 the existing reinforced concrete pavement layers shall be saw cut and cracked and seated with plant and equipment to which the Overseeing Organisation s consent has been given and shall comply with this Clause The treated surface shall then be prepared in accordance with Clause 920 and tack or bond coated in accordance with Appendix 7 4 prior to overlaying in the locations specified in Appendix 7 1 2 11 07 Prior to the commencement of any saw cutting operations any existing asphalt ove
113. ve consistent compliance with sub Clause 29 of this Clause The Contractor shall make programme allowance for FWD measurements which shall be made by the Contractor according to Clause 717 before cracking and after seating in accordance with this Clause unless stated otherwise in Appendix 7 16 Unless stated otherwise in Appendix 7 16 the Contractor shall perform the processing and analysis of the FWD measurements in accordance with Clause 719 and shall present the results to the Overseeing Organisation for interpretation and instruction The Contractor shall remove all debris from the cracked pavement in the re assessment trial length before FWD measurements are made The production cracking re assessment trial length shall be seated with the number of passes of the roller specified in Appendix 7 16 Assessment of Production Cracking Re assessment Trial 29 11 07 Compliance with the cracking and seating requirements for the production cracking re assessment trial shall be assessed in accordance with sub Clauses 24 and 25 above Consent to the Method and Acceptance of the Production Cracking Re assessment Trial 30 11 09 The Contractor shall not resume the main work until the Overseeing Organisation has given its consent that the plant equipment and methods used in the production cracking re assessment trial comply with the requirements given in Table 7 4 Amendment November 2009 Series 700 Road Pavements General Consent t

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