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1. Figure 13 DHCP Server Address Table Page The DHCP Server Address Table lists any IP addresses that are currently leased to LAN devices For each leased address the table lists the following information Field Description IP Address The address that has been leased from the pool Netmask The network mask associated with the leased address which identifies the network ID and host ID portions of the address see Appendix A Mac Address A hardware ID for the device to which the number has been assigned Pool Start The lower boundary of the address pool provided to identify the pool from which the leased number came Address Type Static or Dynamic Static indicates that the IP number has been assigned permanently to the specific hardware device Dynamic indicates that the number has been leased temporarily for a specified length of time Time The amount of time left for the device to use the Remaining assigned address ATU R110 User Manual Configuring DHCP Relay Some ISPs perform the DHCP server function for their customers home small office networks In this case you can configure the device as a DHCP relay agent When a computer on your network requests Internet access the ATU R110 contacts your ISP to obtain an IP address and other information and then forwards that information to the computer First you must configure your PCs to acc
2. Unknown Packets Recerved O Packets Packets Received from Hon Helghbor Router 0 Packets Packets Rejected for Authentication Failure 0 Packets Packets w Route Changed 0 Packets clear I close BM eerren I Hen Figure 31 RIP Global Statistics Page You can click Clear to reset all statistics to 0 and _ Refresh to display any newly accumulated data ATU R110 User Manual 1 2 Configuring the ATM VCC As your LAN computers access the Internet via the ATU R110 data is exchanged with your ISP through a complex network of telephone switches Internet routers servers and other specialized hardware These various devices communicate using a common language or protocol called Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATM On the Wide Area Network WAN that connects you to your ISP the ATM protocol performs functions like those that the Ethernet protocol performs on your LAN This chapter describes how to configure the ATM virtual channel connection VCC The VCC properties define the path the ATU R110 uses to communicate with your ISP over the ATM network Viewing Your ATM VC Setup To view your current configuration log into Configuration Manager click the WAN tab and then click ATM VCC in the task bar The ATM VCC Configuration page displays as shown in Figure 32 ATM C Configuration
3. If you disable the RIP feature the interface settings you have configured will remain available for future activation 8 When you are finished defining RIP interfaces click Submit A page displays to confirm your changes 9 Click the Admin tab and then click Commit amp Reboot in the task bar 10 Click _ Commit to save your changes to permanent memory You can delete an existing RIP entry by clicking i in the Action column ATU R110 User Manual Viewing RIP Satistics From the RIP Configuration page you can click __ Global stats _ to view statistics on attempts to send and receive route table data over RIP enabled interfaces on the ATU R110 RIP Global Statistics RIP Active Sessions Request Sent 0 Packets Response Sent 0 Packets Request Received 0 Packets RIP Packets wf Error Packets Received w Bad Version 0 Packets Packets Received w Bad Address Family 0 Packets Packets Received w Bad Request Format 0 Packets Packets Received w Bad Metrics 0 Packets Packets Received w Bad Response Format 0 Packets Packets Received w invalid Port 0 Packets Packets Rejected 0 Packets Response Received 0 Packets
4. Most small home or office networks do not need to use RIP they have only one router such as the ATU R110 and one path to an ISP In these cases there is no need to share routes because all Internet data from the network is sent to the same ISP gateway You may want to configure RIP if any of the following circumstances apply to your network Your home network setup includes an additional router or RIP enabled PC other than the ATU R110 The ATU R110 and the router will need to communicate via RIP to share their routing tables Your network connects via the ADSL line to a remote network such as a corporate network In order for your LAN to learn the routes used within your corporate network they should both be configured with RIP Your ISP requests that you run RIP for communication with devices on their network 79 ATU R110 User Manual Configuring the ATU R110 sI tef aces wth R The following instructions describe how to enable RIP on the ATU R110 jigs In order for the ATU R110 to communicate with other devices using RIP you must also enable the other devices to use the Note protocol See the product documentation for those devices 1 Log into the Configuration Manager click the Services tab and then click RIP in the task bar The RIP Configuration page displays as shown in Figure 30 RIP Configuration Routers on your LAN communicate with one another using the Routing Information Proto
5. n i f Bpr ig Definitions Def initions This chapter provides an overview of Network Address Translation NAT and instructions for modifying the default configuration on your device Overview of NAT Network Address Translation is a method for disguising the private IP addresses you use on your LAN as the public IP address you use on the Internet You define NAT rules that specify exactly how and when to translate between public and private IP addresses A private IP address is created by a network administrator for use only on aLAN whereas a public IP address is purchased from the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ICANN for use on the Internet Typically your ISP provides a public IP address for your entire LAN and you define the private addresses for computers on your LAN In atypical NAT setup your ISP provides you with a single public IP address to use for your entire network Then you assign each computer on your LAN a unique private IP address Or you define a pool of private IP addresses for dynamic assignment to your computers as described in Chapter 7 On the ATU R110 you set up a NAT rule to specify that whenever one of your computers communicates with the Internet that is it sends and receives IP data packets its private IP addressj_ which is referenced in each packet willbe replaced by the LAN s puti cl P adq ess An IP data packet contains bits of data bundled together
6. Disable Enable Disable Attack Protection Dos Protection Max Half open TCP Conn 5 Max ICMP Conn 5 Max Single Host Conn 5 7 Email Log Destination 7 Trace E Mail ID of Admin I E Mail ID of Admin 2 E Mail ID of Admin 3 Submit ME cancel ME black List ME Refresh Hein Figure 44 Firewall Configuration Page Note that the Firewall Configuration page contains a drop down list on the right side of the page that enables you to view firewall settings as discussed in this chapter or configure IP filters as discussed in Chapter 0 107 ATU R110 User Manual 2 Configure any of the following settings that display in the Firewall Global Information table Field Black List Status Black List Period min Attack Protection DoS Protection Max Half open TCP Connection Max ICMP Connection Max Single Host Connection Description If you want the device to maintain and use a black list click Enable Click Disable if you do not want to maintain a list Specifies the number of minutes that a computer s IP address will remain on the black list i e all traffic originating from that computer will be blocked from passing through any interface on the ADSL Ethernet router For more information see Managing the Black Listi page 110 Click the Enable radio button to use the built in firewall protections that prevent the following common types of attacks o IP Spoofin
7. Modify page displays as shown in Figure 12 DHCP Server Pool Modify DHCP Pool Information Start IP Address 192 168 1 2 End IP Address 192 168 1 10 Net Mask 255 255 255 0 Domain Hame Excluded IP Address Action Frefuded IP No Excluded IP Ee fee fF ada submit Cancel I Hern Figure 12 DHCP Server Pool Modify Page Excluded addresses are those that you have designated for fixed use with specific devices or for some other reason do not want to make available to your network ATU R110 User Manual To exclude an address from distribution type it in the fields provided and click sii Click _ Submit after entering your changes Be sure to use the Commit feature to save your changes to permanent memory as described on page 32 Viewing current DHCP address assignments When the ATU R110 functions as a DHCP server for your LAN it keeps a record of any addresses it has leased to your computers To view a table of all current IP address assignments display the DHCP Server Configuration page and then liek Address Table A page displays similar to that shown in Figure 13 DHCP Server Address Table Mac Address Pool Start Address Type Time Remaining 10 0 2 158 255 255 255 0 12 00 00 CB 00 00 0 0 0 0 Static 0 Secondis
8. The type of PPP protocol used Your ISP may use PPP over Ethernet PPoE or PPP over ATM PPoA The IP address currently assigned to your WAN DSL port by your ISP The IP address of the server at your ISP that provides you access to the Internet See Hops and gatewaysj on page 74 for a description of gateway addresses Indicates whether the ADSL Ethernet router should use the IP address assigned to this connection as its default route Can be Enabled or Disabled See Chapter 10 for an explanation of default routes ATU R110 User Manual Field Use DHCP User DNS Oper Status Description When set to Enable the device will acquire additional IP information from the ISP s DHCP server The PPP connection itself acquires the device s IP address mask DNS address and default gateway address With Use DHCP enabled the device will acquire IP addresses for various other server types WINS SMTP POPS etc these server types are listed on the DHCP Server Configuration page When set to Enable the DNS address learned through the PPP connection will be distributed to clients of the device s DHCP server This option is useful only when the ADSL Ethernet Router is configured to act as a DHCP Server for your LAN When set to Disable LAN hosts will use the DNS address es preconfigured in the DHCP pool see jConfiguring DHCP Serverj on pege4s3 and in the DNS feature see Chapter 9 Configuring DNS Server Addresse
9. This page is used to view and configure ATM Vets aal5 0 o as LLC 2 i Add Help Figure 32 ATM VCC Configuration Page 83 ATU R110 User Manual The ATM VCC Configuration table displays the following fields contact your ISP to determine these settings Field Interface Voi Vci and Mux Type Max Proto per AAL5 Description The name of the lower level interface on which this VC operates The low level interface names are preconfigured in the software and identify the type of traffic that can be supported such as data or voice Internet data services typically use an AAL5 type interface These settings identify a unique ATM data path for communication between your ADSL Ethernet router and your ISP If you are using an AAL5 type of interface this setting indicates the number of higher level interfaces that the VC can support the higher level interfaces can be PPP EoA or IPoA interfaces Contact your ISP to determine which connection protocol s they require Actions Displays an icon ii you can click on to delete the associated interface Adding AIM VCCs You may need to create a VCC if none has been predefined on your system or if you use multiple services with your ISP Each service may require its own VCC Follow these instructions to add a VCC 1 From the ATM VCC Configuration page click Add The ATM VCC j Add page displays as shown in Figure 33 ATH WCC Add Basic
10. iP Successfully Re assembled E Packets IP Fails To Re Assemble lg Packets IP Calaygranis Fragimieul IP Successfully Fragmented io Packets IP Fails To Fragment o Packets IP Fragments Created o Packets close BM Refresh I Help Figure 9 IP Global Statistics Page To display updated statistics showing any new data since you opened the page click _Retresh ATU R110 User Manual F Configuring Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Terriers Note You can configure your network and ATU R110 to use the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP This chapter provides an overview of DHCP and instructions for implementing it on your network Overview of DHCP Whatis DHC P DHCP is a protocol that enables network administrators to centrally manage the assignment and distribution of IP information to computers on a network When you enable DHCP on a network you allow a device such as the ATU R110 or a router located with your ISP to assign temporary IP addresses to your computers whenever they connect to your network The assigning device is called a DHCP server and the receiving device is a DHCP client If you used the Quick Start instructions you either configured each LAN PC with an IP address or you specified that it will receive IP information dynamically automatically If you chose to have the information assigned dynamically then you configured your PCs as DHCP clie
11. DSL Status Page The DSL Status page displays current information on the DSL line performance The page refreshes according to the setting in the Refresh drop down list which you can configure You can click Refresh to reset all counters to zero and to redisplay the page with newly accumulated values Although you generally will not need to view this data it may be helpful when troubleshooting connection or performance problems with your ISP You can click _DSL Param to display data about the configuration of the DSL line as shown in Figure 52 123 ATU R110 User Manual DSL Parameter DSL Parameters and Status Vendor ID 00BSGSPN Revision Number T93 2 6 Up Down Config Data Serial Number 12345678 Intrivd Fast Intrlvd Fast Local Tx Power 0 0 dB ASO kbps Local Line Atten 0 5 dB ASIifkbps Remote Line Atten 0 5 dB iSO kbps Loca SNR Margin 0 0 dB iSi kbps Remote SNR Margin 0 0 dB RValue Self Test Passed SValue DSL Standard T1 413 DValue Trellis Coding Disable Framing Structure Framing 0 close I Refresh I Hel Figure 52 DSL Parameters Page E E The DSL Parameters and Status table displays settings preconfigured by the product manufacturer or your ISP E E The Config Data table lists various types of error and defects measurements found on the DSL line You cannot modify this data From the DSL Status page you can click _Stats to display DSL line
12. network then you can configure the device as a DHCP relay agent When the ATU R110 receives a request for Internet access from a computer on your network it contacts your ISP for the necessary IP information and then relays the assigned information back to the computer If you have another PC or device on your network that is already performing the DHCP server function then you can configure the LAN port on the ATU R110 to be a DHCP client of that server as are your PCs This configuration is not discussed in this chapter See Chapter 5 for instructions Terriers Note ATU R110 User Manual Configuring DHCP Server By default the device is configured as a DHCP server with a fie predefined IP address pool of 192 168 1 2 through 192 168 1 13 subnet mask 255 255 255 0 To change this range of Note addresses see j Viewing modifying and deleting address pools on page 46 First you must configure your PCs to accept DHCP information assigned by a DHCP server 1 Open the Windows Control Panel and display the computer s Networking properties Configure the TCP IP properties to Obtain an IP address automatically the actual text may vary depending on your operating system For detailed instructions see the Quick Start chapter Part 2 Configuring Your Computers j Next you define the pools of IP addresses you want to make available for distribution to your computers These addresses can be multiple public addre
13. the network ID is 100 10 50 and the host ID is 1 See also binary IP address subnet IP Addresses Explained section Network Interface Card An adapter card that plugs into your computer and provides the physical interface to your network cabling which for Ethernet NICs is typically an RJ 45 connector See Ethernet RJ 45 Data transmitted on a network consists of units called packets Each packet contains a payload the data plus overhead information such as where it came from Source address and where it should go destination address ATU R110 User Manual ping port POTS POTS splitter PPP PPPoA PPPoE protocol remote RIP RJ 11 RJ 45 routing rule SDNS Packet Internet or Inter Network Groper A program used to verify whether or not the host associated with an IP address is online It can also be used to reveal the IP address for a given domain name A physical access point to a device such as a computer or router through which data flows into and out of the device Plain Old Telephone Service Traditional analog telephone service using copper telephone lines Pronounced pots See also PSTN See splitter Point to Point Protocol A protocol for serial data transmission that is used to carry IP and other protocol data between your ISP and your computer The WAN interface on the ATU R110 uses two forms of PPP called PPPoA and PPPoE See also PPPoA PPPoE Point to Point Protoco
14. variety of common problems Contact your ISP customer support for assistance ATU R110 User Manual 4 Getting Started with the Configuration Manager Your ATU R110 includes preinstalled software program called the Configuration Manager which you can use to view performance data and change how the device operates This chapter describes how to use the Configuration Manager Accessing the Configuraton Manager The Configuration Manager program is preinstalled into memory on the ATU R110 To access the program you need the following APC or laptop connected to the LAN port on the device as described in the Quick Start chapter An web browser installed on the PC The program is designed to work best with Microsoft Internet ExplorerR version 5 0 Netscape NavigatorR version 4 7 or later versions You can access the program from any computer connected to the ATU R110 via the LAN ports 1 From a LAN computer open your web browser type the following URL in the web address or location box and press lt Enters gt http 192 168 1 1 These are the predefined IP addresses for the LAN ports on the ATU R110 A login screen displays as shown in Figure 2 Enter Network Password P Please type pour user name and password Site 192 168 1 1 Aealm 5 Use Name Password Save this password in your password list OF Cancel Figure 2 Login Screen 2 Enter your user name and passw
15. 1 1 translations The basic flavor translates the private LAN side IP address to a public WANside address like napt rules However unlike napt rules basic rules do not also translate the port numbers in the packet header they are passed through untranslated Therefore the basic rule does not provide the same level of security as the napt rule Figure 23 shows the fields used for adding a basic rule WAT Rule Add MAT Rule Information Rule Flavor Basic T Rule ID iFName ALL r Protocol Eman Local Address From Local Address To Gioball Address From fe Ie je Ife iE 255 255 255 Eoee e Global Address To i fo o fo submit J cance Help Figure 23 NAT Rule Add Page basic Flavor Follow these instructions to add an basic rule see steps 1 4 under The napt rule on page 58 for specific instructions corresponding to steps 1 and 2 below 1 Display the NAT Rule Add Page select BASIC as the Rule Flavor and enter a Rule ID Select the interface on which this rule will be effective Select a protocol to which this rule applies or choose ALL This selection specifies which type of Internet communication will be subject to this translation rule You can select ALL if the rule applies to all data Or select TCP UDP ICMP ora number from 1 255 that represents the IANA specified protocol number In the L
16. 223 Class C field1 values not shown are reserved for special uses A host ID can have any value except all fields set to 0 or all fields set to 255 as those values are reserved for special uses Subnet masks A mask looks like a regular IP address but contains a pattern of bits that tells what parts of an IP address are the network ID and what parts are the host ID bits setto 1 mean this bit is part of the network ID and bits set to 0 mean this bit is part of the host ID Subnet masks are used to define subnets what you get after dividing a network into smaller pieces A subnet s network ID is created by borrowing one or more bits from the host ID portion of the address The subnet mask identifies these host ID bits For example consider a class C network 192 168 1 To split this into two subnets you would use the subnet mask 255 255 255 128 It s easier to see what s happening if we write this in binary 11111111 11111111 11111111 10000000 As with any class C address all of the bits in field1 through field 3 are part of the network ID but note how the mask specifies that the first bit in field 4 is also included Since this extra bit has only two values 0 and 1 this means there are two subnets Each subnet ATU R110 User Manual Terriers Note uses the remaining 7 bits in field4 for its host IDs which range from 0 to 127 instead of the usual 0 to 255 for a class C address Similarly to split a cla
17. ATU R110 such as the point to point protocol PPP One type of PPP named PPP over Ethernet PPPoE actually works j ont qj of tk E protod Tle ot le type PPP over ATM PPPoA does not However if your ISP uses either type of PPP you do not need to separately create an EOA interface See Chapter 12 for instructions on creating or configuring a PPP interface 95 ATU R110 User Manual Viewing Your EOA Setup To view your current EOA configuration log into Configuration Manager click Advanced in the task bar and then click EOA Figure 39 shows the EOA configuration page EOA This Page is used to View Add Modify and Delete EOA Interfaces Interface IPF Type Lower Interface Confg IP Address Net Mask Use Dhcp Default Route Status Action eoa 0 Public aals 0 212 10 0 1 255 255 255 0 Disable Disable 2 T Figure 39 EOA Page The EOA table contains a row for each EOA interface currently defined on the device The table may contain no entries if your ISP does not use the EOA protocol The following table describes the fields on this page Field Description Interface The name the software uses to identify the EOA interface IPF Type The type of IP Firewall protections in effect on the interface public private or DMZ o A public interface connects to the Internet IPoA interfaces are typically public Packets received on a public interface are subject to the most restrictive set of firewall
18. If your device is configured in Bridging mode its ports do not require IP addresses The operating mode displays at the top of the LAN Configuration page and cannot be changed by the user 35 Definition Note ATU R110 User Manual Configuring the LAN IP Address The LAN IP address identifies the LAN port eth 0 as a node on your network that is its IP address must be in the same subnet as the PCs on your LAN A network node can be thought of as any interface where a device connects to the network such as the ATU R110 s LA Npa and the network interface cards on your PCs See Appendix 0 for an explanation of subnets You can change the default to reflect the set of IP addresses that you want to use with your network If your network uses a local DHCP server other than the ADSL Ethernet router to assign IP addresses you can configure the device to accept and use a LAN IP address assigned by that server In this mode the ADSL Ethernet router is considered a DHCP clientof your DHCP server The ATU R110 itself can function as a DHCP server for your LAN computers as described in Chapter 5 but not for its own LAN port Follow these steps to change the default LAN IP address or to configure the LAN port as a DHCP client 1 Log into Configuration Manager and then click the LAN tab The LAN Configuration page displays as shown in Figure 7 LAN Contig OHO Mode CHOP Serwer DHCP Relay IAS Comaliaygiircil
19. Statistics Unavailable Seconds 15 Min Interval Errored Severely Errored No Seconds Seconds 1 2 3 7 3 9 HKR eh h SE ER oR SH SRB Ren RR hoe eR Rone e B Rat iep Aet RA ee eN R ae a e a a A a e i Rhos BB RAR Re N A BE RS Re Roo hee We eo eB Detailed Interval Statistic Past 24 hrs 1 4 5 8 9 12 13 16 17 20 21 24 close I Refresh I Hein Figure 54 DSL Interval Statistics Page ATU R110 User Manual 20 Viewing System Alarms You can use the Configuration Manager to view information about alarms that occur in the system Alarms also called traps are caused by a variety of system events including connection attempts resets and configuration changes Although you will not typically need to view this information it may be helpful in working with your ISP to troubleshoot problems you encounter with the device Despite their name not all alarms indicate problems in the functioning of the system Viewing the Alarm Table To display the Alarm page log into the Configuration Manager click the Admin tab and then click Alarm in the task bar The Alarm page displays as shown in Figure 55 Alarm The alarms shown in the table have been recorded in response to system events See Help for a list of events that cause alarms Tue Jan 01 00 00 12 2002 STATUS ALARM System Up Tue Jan 01 00 00 11 2002 STATUS ALARM System Up Tue Jan 01 00 00 11 2002 STATUS ALARM
20. System Up clear Alarm monitor f Refresh BM ner Figure 55 Alarm Page Each row in the table displays the time and date that an alarm occurred the type of alarm and a brief statement indicating its cause To remove all entries from the list click Clear New entries will begin accumulating and will display when you click _Refresh 127 ATU R110 User Manual Displaying the Alarm Monitor in a Separate Window If you want to display an automatically updating Alarm table you can click __ Alarm Monitor 115 display a separate Alarm Monitor window as shown in Figure 56 Alarm Monitor nog Minutes Alarms Traps Information Tue Jan 01 00 00 12 2002 STATUS ALARM System Up Tue Jan 01 00 00 11 2002 STATUS ALARM System Up Tue Jan O1 00 00 11 2002 STATUS ALARM System Up Figure 56 Alarm Monitor Window You can click on the Refresh Rate drop down list to select a recurring time interval after which the page will redisplay with new data You can leave the Alarm Monitor window open and active even after closing the Configuration Manager ATU R110 User Manual A IP Addresses Network Masks and Subnets Terriers Note IP Addresses This section pertains only to IP addresses for IPv4 version 4 of the Internet Protocol Pv6 addresses are not covered This section assumes basic kno
21. Translation Direction NAT Agel Trensisted fndlddress fn Adorer Cat dAdnveds fa Packets Gut Packets in Ports Gof Ports Preucteted Fn Porta reren es Saide PPETEEEERTII 15 0 1 61 nee ce eran i Figure 20 NAT Translation Details Page In addition to the information displayed in the NAT Translations table this table displays the following for the selected current translation sessions Field Translated InAddress In Address Out Address In Out Packets In Ports Out Ports Translated In Ports Description The public IP address to which the private IP address was translated The private IP address that was translated The IP address of the outside destination web ftp site etc The number of incoming and outgoing IP packets that have been translated in this translation session The actual port number corresponding to the LAN computer The port number associated with the destination address The port number to which the LAN computerj s actual port number was translated Terriers Note ATU R110 User Manual Adding NATRules This section explains how to create rules for the various NAT flavors The naptrule Translating between private and public IP addresses Follow these instructions to create a rule for translating the private IP addresses on your LAN to your public IP address This type of rule uses the NAT flavor napt which was used in your default confi
22. a so network mask See TCP IP Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol The basic protocols used on the Internet TCP is responsible for dividing data up into packets for delivery and reassembling them at the destination while IP is responsible for delivering the packets from source to destination When TCP and IP are bundled with higher level applications such as HTTP FTP Telnet etc TCP IP refers to this whole suite of protocols An interactive character based program used to access a remote computer While HTTP the web protocol and FTP only allow you to download files from a remote computer Telnet allows you to log into and use a computer from a remote location Trivial File Transfer Protocol A protocol for file transfers TFTP is easier to use than File Transfer Protocol FTP but not as capable or secure Time To Live A field in an IP packet that limits the life span of that packet Originally meant as a time duration the TTL is usually represented instead as a maximum hop count each router that receives a packet decrements this field by one When the TTL reaches zero the packet is discarded The ordinary copper telephone wiring long used by telephone companies It contains one or more wire pairs twisted together to reduce inductance and noise Each telephone line uses one pair In homes it is most often installed with two pairs For Ethernet LANs a higher grade called Category 3 CAT 3 is used for 10BASE T ne
23. ad Stats Private Enable Outgoing Accept ALL Disable ad Stats Figure 46 IP Filter Page The IP Filter Configuration page displays global settings that you can modify and the IP Filter rule table which shows all currently established rules See Creating IP Filter Rulesj on pa 114 fora description of the items that make up a rule When rules are defined you can use the icons that display in the Actions column to edit 4f delete fi and view details on X the corresponding rule ATU R110 User Manual Configuring IP Filter Global Settings The IP Filter Configuration page enables you to configure several global IP Filter settings and displays a table showing all existing IP Filter rules The global settings that you can configure are E E Security Level This setting determines which IP Filter rules take effect based on the security level specified in each rule For example when High is selected only those rules that are assigned a security value of High will be in effect The same is true for the Medium and Low settings When None is selected IP Filtering is disabled E E Private Public DMZ Default Action This setting specifies a default action to be taken Accept or Deny on private public or DMZ type device interfaces when they receive packets that do not match any of the filtering rules You can specify a different default action for each interface type You specify an interface s type when you c
24. address of a particular Internet location you can use the nslookup command as explained in the following section From most other IP enabled operating systems you can execute the same command at a command prompt or through a system administration utility ATU R110 User Manual nslookup You can use the nslookup command to determine the IP address associated with an internet site name You specify the common name and the nslookup command looks up the name in on your DNS server usually located with your ISP If that name is not an entry in your ISPj s DN amp ab e t her equedi sthenr d ged to another higher level server and so on until the entry is found The server then returns the associated IP address On Windows based computers you can execute the nslookup command from the Start menu Click the Start button and then click Run In the Open text box type the following nslookup Click _oK A Command Prompt window displays with a bracket prompt gt At the prompt type the name of the internet address your are interested in such as www microsoft com The window will display the associate IP address if Known as shown in Figure 58 c Command Prompt nslookup Non authoritative answer S wwu microsoft akadns net Addresses 207 46 230 218 207 46 230 229 207 46 131 91 207 46 197 182 Aliases www microsoft com gt Figure 58 Using the nslookup Utility There may be several addresses associated with an I
25. any source IP address It any source IP address that is numerically less than the specified address Iteq any source IP address that is numerically less than or equal to the specified address gt any source IP address that is numerically greater than the specified address eq any source IP address that is numerically equal to the specified address neq any source IP address that is not equal to the specified address range any source IP address that is within the specified range inclusive out of range any source IP address that is outside the specified range self the IP address of the ADSL Ethernet router interface on which this rule takes effect IP address rule criteria for the destination computer s i e the IP address of the computer to which the packet is being sent In addition to the options described for the Src IP Address field the following option is available bcast Specifies that the rule will be invoked for any packets sent to the broadcast address for the receiving interface The broadcast address is used to send packets to all hosts on the LAN or subnet connected to the specified interface When you select this option you do not need to specify the address so the address fields are dimmed ATU R110 User Manual Field Protocol Store State Source Port Dest Port TCP Flag ICMP Type Description The basic IP protocol criteria that must be met for rule to be invoked Usin
26. as a criteria The code value can be any decimal value from 0 255 You can specify that the value must equal eq or not equal neq the specified value or you can select any to enable the rule to be invoked on all ICMP packets This field will be dimmed unavailable for entry unless you specify ICMP as the protocol Field ICMP Code IP Frag Pkt IP Option Pkt Packet Size TOD Rule Status ATU R110 User Manual Description Specifies whether the value in the code field in ICMP packet headers will be used as a criteria The code value can be any decimal value from 0 255 You can specify that the value must equal eq or not equal neq the specified value or you can select any to enable the rule to be invoked on all ICMP packets This field will be dimmed unavailable for entry unless you specify ICMP as the protocol Determines how the rule applies to IP packets that contain fragments You can choose from the following options O Yes The rule will be applied only to packets that contain fragments o No The rule will be applied only to packets that do not contain fragments o Ignore Default The rule will be applied to packets whether or not they contain fragments assuming that they match the other criteria Determines whether the rule should apply to IP packets that have options specified in their packet headers O Yes The rule will be applied only to packets that contain header options o No The rul
27. computers that receive IP addresses from this pool These DNS servers translate common Internet names that you type into your web browser into their equivalent numeric IP addresses Typically these servers are located with your ISP ATU R110 User Manual Field Description SMTP SWINS The IP addresses of devices that perform optional various services for computers that receive IP addresses from this pool such as the SMTP or Simple Mail Transfer Protocol server which handles e mail traffic Contact your ISP for these addresses 5 Click _Submit A confirmation page displays briefly to indicate that the pool has been added successfully After a few seconds the DHCP Server Pool Add page displays with the newly added pool 6 Follow the instructions in Setting the DHCP Mode on page 49 to set the DHCP mode to DHCP Server Viewing modifying and deleting address pools and excluding IP addresses from a pool To view modify or delete an existing address pool display the DHCP Server Configuration page and click the icons in the corresponding row in the address pool table To delete an IP address pool click i then submit and commit your changes To view details on an IP address pool click A page displays with all the same information you entered when adding the pool To modify the domain name associated with an IP address pool or to exclude addresses from the pool click The DHCP Server Pool
28. description of how DHCP works see Chapter 7 Click _Submit E Elf you were using an Ethernet connection for the current session and changed the IP address the connection will be terminated E E If you enabled the DHCP service the ADSL Ethernet router will initiate a request for an IP address from your LAN s DHCP server Assuming a different IP address is assigned your Current connection will be terminated Reconfigure your PCs if necessary so that their IP addresses place them in the same subnet as the new IP address of the LAN port See the Quick Start chapter Part 2 Configuring Your Computers f a i n rudi ons Log into Configuration Manager by typing the new IP address in your Web browseri s add essl ocaj on box If you enabled DHCP you may need to check the DHCP server on your LAN to determine the IP address actually assigned to the LAN port If the new settings work properly click the Admin tab and then click Commit amp Reboot in the task bar Click _ Commit to save your changes to permanent memory ATU R110 User Manual 6 Viewing System IP Information and Performance Statistics The interfaces on the ATU R110 that communicate with other network and Internet devices are identified by unique Internet protocol IP addresses You can use the Configuration Manager to view the list of IP addresses that your device uses and to view other system and network performance data See Appendix 0 for a descriptio
29. file at a web site e g To transfer data in the downstream direction i e from the Internet to the user Digital Subscriber Line A technology that allows both digital data and analog voice Signals to travel over existing copper telephone lines The most commonly installed computer network technology usually using twisted pair wiring Ethernet data rates are 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps See also 10BASE T 100BASE T twisted pair To screen out selected types of data based on filtering rules Filtering can be applied in one direction upstream or downstream or in both directions A rule that specifies what kinds of data the a routing device will accept and or reject Filtering rules are defined to operate on an interface or multiple interfaces and in a particular direction upstream downstream or both Any method of protecting a computer or LAN connected to the Internet from intrusion or attack from the outside Some firewall protection can be provided by packet filtering and Network Address Translation services File Transfer Protocol A program used to transfer files between computers connected ATU R110 User Manual GGP Gbps hop hop count host HTTP ICMP IGMP in line filter Internet intranet IP IP address to the Internet Common uses include uploading new or updated files to a web server and downloading files from a web server Gateway to Gateway Protocol An Internet protocol that specifi
30. from the EOA Interface drop down list 10 ATU R110 User Manual From the IPF Type drop down list select the level of IP Firewall to be used on this interface as defined above In the Lower Interface field select the lower level interface name over which this protocol is being configured Typically an EOA interface is configured to operate over an aal5 interface such as aal5 0 If you are using the ATU R110 as a bridge only skip to step 7 If you are using the ATU R110 as a router on your LAN enter the IP address and network mask you want to assign to the interface This address serves as the public IP address for your entire LAN and is usually assigned by your ISP Or if your ISP will assign this information click the Enable radio button to set up the DHCP service Also specify whether this interface should serve as the default route for your LAN for accessing the Internet Click L Suhmit A confirmation page display to confirm your changes Click _Close to return to the EOA page and view the new interface in the table Click the Admin tab and then click Commit amp Reboot in the task bar Click _Commit to save your changes to permanent memory ATU R110 User Manual 15 Configuring IPoA Interfaces This chapter describes how to configure an IPoA Internet Protocol over ATM interface on the ATU R110 An IPoA interface can be used to exchange IP packets over the ATM network without using an unde
31. has already been enabled Skip to step 11 If Internet Protocol TCP IP does not display as an installed component click add In the Select Network Component Type dialog box select Protocol and then click add Select Microsoft in the Manufacturers box Select Internet Protocol TCP IP in the Network Protocols list and then click _ KK You may be prompted to install files from your Windows Me installation CD or other media Follow the instructions to install the files If prompted click m to restart your computer with the new settings Next configure the PCs to accept IP information assigned by the ATU R110 9 10 11 12 In the Control Panel double click the Network and Dial up Connections icon In Network and Dial up Connections window right click the Network icon and then select Properties In the Network Properties dialog box select TCP IP and then click EROpaniGs Inthe TCP IP Settings dialog box click the radio button labeled Server assigned IP address Also click the radio button labeled Server assigned name server address Terriers Note ATU R110 User Manual 13 Click ok twice to confirm and save your changes and then close the Control Panel Assigning static Intemet information to your PCs In some cases you may want to assign Internet information to some or all of your PCs directly often called di cdl yj rat te t ha allowing the ATU R110 to assign it T
32. hub port and the other to the Ethernet port on the ATU R110 If you are using the ATU R110 with a single computer and no hub you must use a j a ossova E her r ca not provided to attach the PC directly to the device The crossover cable is wired differently than the cable you would use to connect to a hub When you compare the colored wires on each end of a straight through cable they will be in the same sequence on crossover cables they will not Contact your ISP for assistance Sep 3 Attach the power connector Connect the AC power adapter to the PWR connector on the back of the device and plug in the adapter to a wall outlet or power strip Step 4 Tum on the ATU RL10 and power up your systems Press the Power switch on the back panel of the device to the ON position Turn on and boot up your computer s and any LAN devices such as hubs or switches Terriers Note ATU R110 User Manual Part2 Configuring YourCompulrs Part 2 of the Quick Start provides instructions for configuring the Internet settings on your computers to work with the ATU R110 Before you begin By default the ATU R110 automatically assigns all required Internet settings to your PCs You need only to configure the PCs to accept the information when it is assigned In some cases you may want to assign Internet information manually to some or all of your computers rather than allow the ATU R110 to do so See jAssigning static Internet inform
33. made effective when you submit them but will be lost if the device is reset or turned off To save your changes for future use you can use the commit function This function saves your changes from RAM to permanent storage called flash memory Submitting changes saves them only until the device is reset or powered down Committing changes saves them permanently Follow these steps to commit changes to permanent storage 1 Click the Admin tab and then click Commit amp Reboot in the task bar The Commit amp Reboot page displays Commit amp Reboot Use this page to commit changes to system memory and reboot your system with different configurations let u ee A Reboot From Last Configuration X Commit Refresh Help Figure 6 Commit amp Reboot Page 2 Click _fommit Disregard the selection in the Reboot Mode drop down list it does not affect the commit process The changes are saved to permanent storage The previous settings are copied to backup storage so that they can be recalled if your new settings do not work properly see the rebooting instructions on page 33 ATU R110 User Manual A WARNING Rebooting the device using Configuration Manager To reboot the device display the Commit and Reboot page select the appropriate reboot mode from the drop down menu and then click _Reboot You can select from the following three options when rebooting Option Reboot from Last C
34. make up your own private IP addresses at no cost and then have them translated to the public IP address when your computers access the Internet E E They provide a measure of security for you LAN by enabling you to assign private IP addresses and then have these and the source port numbers swapped out before your computers access the Internet The type of NAT function described above is called network address port translation napt You can use other types called flavors of NAT for other purposes for example providing outside access to your LAN or translating multiple private addresses to multiple public addresses Your Default NATSetup By default NAT is enabled with an napt rule configured to perform the following translation These private IP addresses are translated to 192 168 1 2 192 168 1 3 Your ISP assigned public IP address 192 168 1 13 For a description of napt rules see page 58 This default NAT setup assumes that on each LAN computer you configured TCP IP properties as follows E E You selected the check box that enables them to receive their IP addresses automatically that is to use a DHCP server or You assigned static IP addresses to your PCs in the range 192 168 1 2 through 192 168 1 13 If your computers are not configured in one of these ways you can either change the IP addresses on your computers to match the NAT setup see the Quick Start instructions Part 2 or delete t
35. or delete ii the associated EOA interface Adding IPoA Interfaces Follow these instructions to add an IPoA interface 1 Display the IPoA page and click Add The IPoA Interface Add page displays as shown in Figure 42 ATU R110 User Manual IPoA Interface Add IPodA Information iPoA interface lipoa 0 Conf IP Address e RE R Eee wet mesk p lbo lf lb C157 IPoA fppe Non 1577 Lower I F Action Lower interface Na Low I F aas zaj Add Figure 42 IPoA Interface Add Page 2 Select the next available interface name from the IPoA Interface drop down list 3 Inthe Configured IP Address and Net Mask boxes type the address and mask that you want to assign to the IPoA interface 4 Select the level of firewall security to apply to the interface by selecting the IPF Type as Public Private or DMZ 5 Inthe Lower Interface dialog box select the lower level interface name over which this protocol is being configured and click Add Typically an IPoA interface is configured to operate over an aald interface 6 Click _Submit A confirmation page will display to confirm your changes 7 Click Close to return to the EOA page and view the new interface in the table 8 Click the Admin tab and then click Commit amp Reboot in the task bar 9 Click _ Commit to save your changes to permanent memory ATU R110 User Ma
36. performance statistics as shown in Figure 53 DSL Statistics Wo of 15 Min Valid Data Intervals a Wo of 15 Min Invalid Data Interrals 0O Current 15 Min Interval Statistics hos Elapsed Time MM 55 Errored Seconds Severely Errored Seconds Unavailable Seconds Current Day Statistics Elapsed Time HH MM 35 Errored Seconds Severely Errored Seconds ting baHeble Seconds Previous Day Statistics Monitored Time HH MM SS Errored Seconds Severely Errored Seconds n ting aiabie Seconds Detailed Interval Statistic Past 24 hrs 1 4 5 8 9 12 13 16 17 20 21 24 close I Refresh Heo Figure 53 DSL Statistics Page ATU R110 User Manual The DSL Statistics page reports error data relating to the last 15 minute interval the current day and the previous day At the bottom of the page the Detailed Interval Statistic table displays links you can click on to display detailed data for each 15 minute interval in the past 24 hours For example when you click on 1 4 data displays for the 16 intervals 15 minutes each that make up the previous 4 hours Figure 54 shows an example DSL Interval
37. port IP address the device performs DNS relay as described in the following section 69 ATU R110 User Manual Configuring DNS Relay When you specify the device s LAN port IP address as the DNS address then the ADSL Ethernet automatically performs j DNS relayj i e becauset he devceits is not a DNS server it forwards domain name lookup requests from the LAN PCs to a DNS server at the ISP It then relays the DNS server sr esponset ot he PC When performing DNS relay the ATU R110 must maintain the IP addresses of the DNS servers it contacts It can learn these addresses in either or both of the following ways E E Learned through PPP If the device uses a PPP connection to the ISP the primary and secondary DNS addresses can be learned via the PPP protocol To use this method the Use DNS checkbox must be selected in the PPP interface properties See Chapter 13 for instructions on configuring your PPP interface Note that you cannot change this property by modifying an existing PPP interface you must delete the interface and recreate it with the new setting Using this option provides the advantage that you will not need to reconfigure the PCs or the ADSL Ethernet router if the ISP changes their DNS addresses E E Configured on the ADSL Ethernet router You can use the device s DNS feature to specify the ISP s DNS addresses If the device also uses a PPP interface with the Use DNS property enabled then these confi
38. require The fields are defined in the tables on page 88 and 11 3 Click _ Submit A page displays to confirm your changes 4 Click _Close to return to the PPP page and view the new interface in the table ATU R110 User Manual 5 Click the Admin tab and then click Commit amp Reboot in the task bar 6 Click _ Commit to save your changes to permanent memory Modifying and Deleting PPP Interfaces To modify a PPP interface display the PPP Configuration page and click in the Action s column for the interface you want to modify The PPP Interface Modify page displays as shown in Figure 38 PPP Interface Modify Basic Information ne PPP interface ppp 0 ATM VCC aal5 0 Protocol PPPoE Service Name p Default Route Enabled Status tt Security Information Fee fe PAP Security Protocol co CHAP Login Name ouest Password F E ECERAN Figure 38 PPP Interface Modify You can change only the status of the PPP connection the security protocol your login name and your password To modify the other settings you must delete the interface and create a new one To delete a PPP interface display the PPP Configuration page and click fi in the Action s column for the interface you want to delete You should not delete a PPP interface unless you have received instructions to do so from your ISP Without an appropriately defined PPP interface you will not be able to connect
39. the IP address of the computer you are trying to communicate with On Windows based computers you can execute a ping command from the Start menu Click the Start button and then click Run In the Open text box type a statement such as the following ping 192 168 1 1 Click _ You can substitute any private IP address on your LAN or a public IP address for an Internet site if known If the target computer receives the message a Command Prompt window displays like that shown in Figure 57 c Command Prompt TO C gt ping 192 168 6 1 Pinging 192 168 0 1 with 32 bytes of data Reply from 269 191 13 254 TTL expired in transit Reply from 269 191 13 254 TTL expired in transit Reply from 269 191 13 254 TIL expired in transit Reply from 269 191 13 254 TTL expired in transit Ping statistics for 192 168 0 1 Packets Sent 4 Received 4 Lost B 0z Approximate round trip times in milli seconds Minimum ms Maximum ms Average Gms gt Figure 57 Using the ping Utility If the target computer cannot be located you will receive the message Requeg ti med out Using the ping command you can test whether the path to the ATU R110 is working using the preconfigured default LAN IP address 192 168 1 1 or another address you assigned You can also test whether access to the Internet is working by typing an external address such as that for www yahoo com 216 115 108 243 If you do not know the IP
40. to your ISP You can recreate the PPP interface with the same name at a later time After modifying or deleting a PPP interface click _Submit then Click the Admin tab click Commit amp Reboot in the task bar and Commit click to save your changes to permanent memory ATU R110 User Manual Terriers Note 1 4 Configuring EOA Interfaces This chapter describes how to configure an Ethernet over ATM interface on the ATU R110 if one is needed to communicate with your ISP Overview of EOA The Ethernet over ATM EOA protocol is commonly used to carry data between local area networks that use the Ethernet protocol and wide area networks that use the ATM protocol Many telecommunications industry networks use the ATM protocol ISPs who provide DSL services often use the EOA protocol for data transfer with their customers DSL modens EOA can be implemented to provide a bridged connection between a DSL modem and the ISP In a bridged connection data is shared between the ISPj s net wrk andther cugong saif t e retvork were on the same physical LAN Bridged connections do not use the IP protocol EOA can also be configured to provide a routed connection with the ISP which uses the IP protocol to exchange data Before creating an EOA interface or modifying the default settings contact your ISP to determine which type of protocol they use PPP vs EOA Your ISP may use a protocol other than EOA for communication with the
41. website names you type into your browser with the sites nu ma cl P adq esses Choose User Configured if you know the DNS server addresses otherwise choose AutoDiscovery E E Primary Secondary DNS If you selected User Configured in the DNS Proxy Selection enter the Primary and Secondary DNS addresses provided by your ISP If you selected Auto Discovery User Configured you are not required to enter addresses here they will be used in addition to any addresses discovered automatically PPP Settings E E Username and Password Enter the username and password you use to log in to your ISP E E Disconnect timeout Enter the number of seconds after which your ISP connection will time out if there is no activity E E Authentication Select the user password authentication method your ISP uses PAP or CHAP Table 1 Default Settings Summary Option DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol NAT Network Address Translation LAN Port IP Address USB Port IP Address ATU R110 User Manual Default Router Settings In addition to handling the DSL connection to your ISP the ATU R110 ADSL Ethernet router can provide a variety of services to your network The device is preconfigured with default settings for use with a typical home or small office network Table 1 lists some of the most important default settings these and other features are described fully in the subsequent chapters If you are familiar with network confi
42. when another rule would otherwise do so MAT Rule Add NAT Rule Information Rule Flavor Rule ID iFHame Local Address From Figure 26 NAT Rule Add Page pass Flavor The pass rule must be assigned a rule ID that is a lower number than the ID assigned to the rule it is intended to pass In you want a specific IP address or range of addresses to not be subject to an existing rule say rule ID 5 then you can create a pass rule with ID 1 through 4 Follow these instructions to add a pass rule See steps 1 4 under The napt rule on page 58 for detailed instructions corresponding to steps 1 and 2 below 1 Display the NAT Rule Add Page select PASS as the Rule Flavor and enter a Rule ID Select the interface on which this rule will be effective In the Local Address From and Local Address To fields type the lowest and highest IP addresses that define the range of private address you want to be passed without translation If you want the pass rule to act on only one address type that address in both fields Follow steps 7 12 under The napt rule on page 58 to submit your changes ATU R110 User Manual 9 Configuring DNS Server Addresses Prr Note About DNS Domain Name System DNS servers map the user friendly domain names that users type into their Web browsers e g yahoo com to the equivalent numerical IP addresses t
43. ATU R110 s LANport If you manudl y as gnl P information to all your LAN PCs you can follow the instructions in Chapter 5 to change the LAN port IP address accordingly ATU R110 User Manual Part3 Configuring the ATU R1L10 In Part 3 you log into the program on the ATU R110 and configure basic settings for your Internet connection Your ISP should provide you with the necessary information to complete this step Operation Mode Enable This setting enables or disables the ATU R110 When set to Noj the dei e cant be use to provid Internet connectivity for your network Set it to Yesj noyi necessary E E Encapsulation This setting determines the type of data link used to communicate with your ISP LLC muxed or VC E E Bridge This setting enables or disables bridging between the ATU R110 and your ISP Your ISPs may also refer to this using RFC 14837 o j Gtherret oer A IGMP This setting enables or disables the Internet Group Management Protocol which some ISPs use to perform remote configuration of your device IP Address and Subnet Mask If your ISP has assigned a public IP address to your Network enter the address and the associated subnet mask in the boxes provided WAN Gateway Enter the gateway IP address for your ISP s ng wrk DNS Settings DNS Proxy Selection This setting determines how the ATU R110 will obtain DNS server addresses The DNS server matches the user friendly
44. Admin tab and then click Commit amp Reboot in the task bar Click _Commit to save your changes to permanent memory IP filter rule examples Example 1 Blocking a specific computer on your LAN from using accessing web servers on the Internet ds 8 Add a new rule for outgoing packets on the ppp 0 interface from any incoming interface this would include the eth 0 and usb 0 interfaces for example Specify a source IP address of the computer you want to block Specify the Protocol TCP and enable the Store State setting Specify a destination port 80 which is the well known port number for web servers Enable the rule by clicking the radio button at the top of the page Click _Submit to create the rule On the IP Filter Configuration page set the Security Level to the same level you chose for the rule and set both the Private Default Action and the Public Default Action to Accept Click _ Submit and commit your changes Figure 47 on page 114 shows the configuration for this rule The specified computer will not be able to access the Web but will be ATU R110 User Manual able to access FTP Internet sites and any others that use destination port numbers other than 80 Example 2 Blocking Telnet accesses to the ATU R110 1 Add anew rule for packets incoming on the ppp 0 interface 2 Specify that the packet must contain the TCP protocol and must be destined for port 23 the well known port num
45. Information FECC interface aal5 1 VPI co O a E Figure 33 ATM VCC Add Page ATU R110 User Manual 2 Select an interface name from the VCC Interface drop down list 3 Enter the VPI and VCI values assigned by your ISP and select the mux type from the drop down list 4 Click _Submit 5 Onthe confirmation page click Close to return to the ATM VCC Configuration page 6 Click the Admin tab and then click Commit amp Reboot in the task bar 7 Click _ Commit to save your changes to permanent memory The new interface should now display in the ATM VCC Configuration table You may need to create a new WAN interface or modify an existing interface so that it uses the new VCC See the instructions for configuring a PPP Chapter 12 EoA Chapter 14 or IPoA Chapter 15 interfaces depending on the type you use to communicate with your ISP You can verify that the new settings work by attempting to access the Internet from a LAN USB computer Contact your ISP for troubleshooting assistance ATU R110 User Manual Modifying AIM VCCs Your device may already be preconfigured with the necessary ATM VCC properties or the table may contain placeholder values that you must change before using the device Contact your ISP to determine your ATM VCC values Follow these instructions to modify a preconfigured VCC 1 From the ATM VCC Configuration
46. P or the manufacturer Routes you create are labeled Local Other routes can be created automatically using RIP as described in Chapter 9 or defined remotely through various network management protocols LCL or ICMP Displays an icon i you can click on to delete a route ATU R110 User Manual Adding IPRoutes Follow these instructions to add an IP route to the routing table 1 From the IP Route Table page click add The IP Route Add page displays as shown in Figure 29 IP Route Add IP Route Information Destination E fo fo fo Net Mask 255 255 255 lo Gateway NextHop Figure 29 IP Route Add Page 2 Specify the destination network mask and gateway or next hop for this route For a description of these fields refer to the table on page 76 To create a route that defines the default gateway for your LAN enter 0 0 0 0 in both the Destination and Net Mask fields Enter your ISPj sl Padd essi nthe Gi eway Next Hopfi d Note that you cannot specify the interface name route type or route origin These parameters are used only for routes that are identified automatically as the device communicates with other routing devices For routes you create the routing table displays system default values in these fields 3 Click _Submit 4 Onthe confirmation page click flose i return to the IP Route table page The IP Routing Table will now display the new route 5 Click the Admin tab and then
47. P provides to a given customer Identifying the customer to the ISP through a username and password login Enabling the ISP to assign Internet information to the customer s co npu Your ISP may or may not use the PPP protocol Contact your ISP to determine if you will need to change the default settings in order to connect to their server Viewing Your Cunent PPP Configuration To view your current PPP setup log into Configuration Manager click the WAN tab and then click PPP in the task bar The PPP Configuration page displays as shown in Figure 35 PPP Configuration This page is used to Configure and View PPP interfaces Inactivity TimeOQut mins in ignore WAN to LAN traffic p aal5 0 Public PPPoE 0 0 0 0 TEF Enable Disable Enable fink Down TP Figure 35 PPP Configuration Page PPP is configured as a group of software settings associated with the ADSL port Although the device has only one physical ADSL port the ATU R110 can be defined with more than one group of PPP settings Each group of settings is called a PPP interface and is given a name such as ppp 0 ppp 7 etc 87 ATU R110 User Manual You can configure the following settings on the PPP Configuration page E E Inactivity Time Out mins The time in minutes that must elapse before a PPP connection times out due to inactivity E E Ignore WAN to LAN traffic When enabled data traffic traveling in the incoming direction fr
48. Rule Global Statistics Total NAT Sessions Total Transiation Sessions 0 Sessions Sessions For FTP ALG 0 Sessions Sessions For SHMP ALG 0 Sessions Sessions For Real Audio AiG 0 Sessions Sessions For Remote Command Session 0 Sessions Number Of L2TP Aig Sessions 0 Sessions Number of MIRC Aig Sessions l 0 Sessions Number Of ICQ Alg Sessions 0 Sessions Number Of CUCME Alg Sessions 0 Sessions l Number Of H323 Q931 Alg Sessions 0 Sessions Number Of H323 RAS Alg Sessions 0 Sessions Number Of H323 H245 Aig Sessions 0 Sessions p Number Of H323 RTP Alg Sessions 0 Sessions Number Of ICQ TCP Alg Sessions 0 Sessions Number Of CUSEEME UDP Alg Sessions 0 Sessions Number Of PPTP Alg Sessions 0 Sessions Number Of RTSP Alg Sessions 0 Sessions Number Of Timbuktu Alg Sessions 0 Sessions Translation Statistic Packets wfo Matching Translation Rules 0 Packets Number Of in Packets Translated 0 Packets mem as m a a Figure 16 NAT Rule Global Statistics Page The table provides basic information for each NAT rule you have set up You can click 4 to restart the accumulation of the statistics at their initial values ATU R110 User Manual Viewing NATRules and Rule Siatistics To view the NAT rules currently defined on your system select NAT Rule Entry in the NAT Options drop down list The NAT Rule Configuration page displays as shown in Figure 17 NAT Rule Confi
49. USER MANUAL ATU R110 ADSL Ethernet Router Table of Contents Mod O cae Scccdewace cactus 7 FEAOG Sena System Requirements cccesccceeee Using this Document eesseeseesneeeee Notational conventions Typographical conventions Special messages cesceeeeees Getting to Know the ATU R110 008 9 Pats Check uia a FrontUPanel a ie Rear Pannel 00 ccccccccseecccseccceeeceeees QUICK SIAM essai a 10 Part 1 Connecting the Hardware Step 1 Connect the ADSL cable and optional telephone keer anes Step 2 Connect the Ethernet cable Step 3 Attach the power connector Step 4 Turn on the ATU R110 and power up your SYSICMS bis scsiisiorsdiiie ities Part 2 Configuring Your Computers Before you D QIN csceseseeeees Setting the LAN IP Adaress Assigning static Internet information to your PC Ses sek eas eas S Part 3 Configuring the ATU R110 Operation Mode cccccceeees DNS Settings cccceccseesseeseeees PPP SeuingS 2245 20th R Default Router Settings Testing Your Setup cccceeeeeeees Getting Started with the Configuration Manage erie uetd center tacuteatinbediyee 23 Accessing the Configuration Manager Functional Layout cc ccsssessseeees Commonly used buttons The Home Tab and System View Table Changing the System Date and Time Changing the System Da
50. ables Front Panel The front panel contains lights called LEDs that indicate the status of the unit Label Color DIAG yellow WAN green LAN green PWR green Rear Panel Function Flashes on off at boot up to indicate that the device software is operational Flashes on off during the training mode and data transfer On ADSL link established and active On LAN link established and active Off No LAN link Flashes during data transfer On Unit is powered on Off Unit is powered off The rear panel contains the ports for the unit s data and power connections ATU R110 User Manual O DC7 5V LAN PWR Label ADSL On Off Power Ethernet Function Connects the device to a telephone jack using the supplied cable Switches the unit on and off Connects to the supplied power converter cable Connects the device to your PC s Ethernet port or to the uplink port on your LAN s hub using the cable provided ATU R110 User Manual 3 Quick Start This Quick Start provides basic instructions for connecting the ATU R110to a computer or LAN and to the Internet Part 1 describes setting up the hardware E E Part 2 describes how to configure your computer s to work with the ATU R110 Part 3 describes the default configuration and refers you to the appropriate chapter for instructions on modifying the defaults This Quick Start assumes that you have already established ADSL service
51. acturer MAC addresses are expressed as Six pairs of characters See network mask Abbreviation for Megabits per second or one million bits per second Network data rates are often expressed in Mbps In splitterless deployments a microfilter is a device that removes the data frequencies in the DSL signal so that telephone users do not experience interference noise from the data signals Microfilter types include in line installs between phone and jack and wall mount telephone jack with built in microfilter See also splitterless Network Address Translation A service performed by many routers that translates your networkj s pubi y nown IP address into a private IP address for each computer on your LAN Only your router and your LAN know these addresses the outside world sees only the public IP address when talking to a computer on your LAN A defined method for translating between public and private IP addresses on your LAN A group of computers that are connected together allowing them to communicate with each other and share resources such as software files etc A network can be small such as a LAN or very large such as the Internet A network mask is a sequence of bits applied to an IP address to select the network ID while ignoring the host ID Bits set to 1 mean select this bit while bits set to 0 mean ignore this bit For example if the network mask 255 255 255 0 is applied to the IP address 100 10 50 1
52. an route the data through the WAN or LAN ports If your device has additional IP enabled interfaces the IP addresses of these will also display 39 ATU R110 User Manual Viewing IP Global Slatisiics You Can view statistics on the processing of Internet protocol packets a packet is a collection of data that has been bundled for transmission You will not typically need to view this data but you may find it helpful when working with your ISP to diagnose network and Internet data transmission problems To view global IP statistics click Global stats _ on the IP Address Table page Figure 9 shows the IP Global Statistics page IP Global Statistics IP Datagrams Statistic Values iP Received 36712 Packets iP Received wf Header Error io Packets IP Received w Wrong Address 27 Packets IP Received wf Unknown Protocol o Packets iP Routing Discarded o Packets IF Datagrams Forwarded Forwarded Datagrams 1162 Packets Input IF Datagrams Input IP Discarded o Packets input iP Delivered To ser Proetece e009 Packets Output IP Datagrams IP Requests For Transmission wf User Protocof 6685 Packets Output IP Discarded io Packets Output IP Discarded wf No Route 1162 Packets IP Dalayraiis 7 Reassenible Maximum of Seconds IP Waits For Reassemble 60 Second s IP Received Which Needed To Be Reassembled o Fackets
53. ange In the Destination Port From and Destination Port To fields enter the port ID or a range that you expect to see on incoming packets destined for the LAN computer for which this rule is being created Incoming traffic that meets this criteria will be redirected to the Local Port number you specify in the next field For example if you grant public access to a Web server on your LAN you would expect that incoming packets destined for that computer would contain the well known web server port number 80 This setting serves as a filter data packets not containing this port number would not be granted access to you local computer If the LAN computer that you are making publicly available is configured to use a non standard port number for the type of traffic it receives type the non standard port number in the Local Port field This option translates the standard port number in packets destined for your LAN computer to the non standard number you specify For example if your Web server uses non standard port 2000 but you expect incoming data packets to refer to Standard port 80 you would enter 2000 here and 80 in the Destination Port fields The headers of incoming packets destined for port 80 will be modified to refer to port 2000 The packet can then be routed appropriately to the web server Follow steps 7 12 under The napt rule on page 58 to submit your changes ATU R110 User Manual The basic rule Performing
54. at is when one of your LAN computers communicates with an external FTP server the source IP address in the packet headers is changed to the public address replacing the initiator s private IP address Port number assignments are maintained in RFCs maintained by IANA Common port numbers include 20 21 FIP file transfer protocol server 25 SMTP simple mail transfer protocol server 80 HTTP World Wide Web server E E Specify both a destination address or range and a destination port or range if you want this translation rule to ATU R110 User Manual apply to accesses to the specified server type at the specified IP address or network 7 Follow steps 7 12 under The napt rule on page 58 to submit your changes The bimap rule Performing two way translations Unlike the other NAT flavors the bimap flavor performs address translations in both the outgoing and incoming directions In the incoming direction when the specified ATU R110 interface receives a packet with your public IP address as the destination address this address is translated to the private IP address of a computer on your LAN To the external computer it appears as if the access is being made to the public IP address when in fact it is Communicating with a LAN computer In the outgoing direction the private source IP address in adata packet is translated to the LAN s pubi cl Paddess Tothereg d the Internet it appears as if the data packet orig
55. ation to your PCsj on pag 0 for instructions These instructions assume that your PCs are already connected to a LAN through their network interface cards NICs and the appropriate Ethernet adapter software Follow the instructions that correspond to the operating system installed on each PC Setting the LAN IP Address Windows 95 98 PCs First check for the IP protocol and if necessary install it 1 Inthe Windows task bar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Network icon The Network dialog box displays with a list of currently installed network components If the list includes TCP IP and then the protocol has already been enabled Skip to step 9 3 If TCP IP does not display as an installed component click Add The Select Network Component Type dialog box displays 4 Select Protocol and then click add The Select Network Protocol dialog box displays 5 Click on Microsoft in the Manufacturers list box and then click TCP IP in the Network Protocols list box 6 Click Dew return to the Network dialog box and then click as again You may be prompted to install files from your Windows 95 98 installation CD Follow the instructions to install the files ATU R110 User Manual 7 Click KI restart the PC and complete the TCP IP installation Next configure the PCs to accept IP information assigned by the ATU R110 8 Open the Cont
56. bed in Chapter 12 Peer IP Address The IP address of the remote computer you will be connecting to via the WAN interface 99 Field IPF Type Config IP Address and Net Mask Status Action ATU R110 User Manual Description The type of IP Firewall protections that are in effect on the interface public private or DMZ o A public interface connects to the Internet IPoA interfaces are typically public Packets received on a public interface are subject to the most restrictive set of firewall protections defined in the software o A private interface connects to your LAN such as the Ethernet interface Packets received on a private interface are subject to a less restrictive set of protections because they originate within the network o The term DMZ de militarized zone in Internet networking terms refers to computers that are available for both public and in network accesses such as a company s public Web server Packets incoming on a DMZ interface whether from a LAN or external sourcej are subject to a level of protection that is in between those for public and private interfaces The IP address and network mask you want to assign to the interface A green or red ball will display to indicate that the interface is currently up or down respectively You cannot manually enable or disable the interface a down interface may indicate a problem with the DSL connection Icons you can click on to edit f
57. ber used for the Telnet protocol 3 Enable the rule by clicking the radio button at the top of the page 4 Click _Submit create the rule and commit your changes Figure 48 shows how this rule could be configured IP Filter Rule Add fnabie Disable Basic Information Rule ID 10 Action O Aocopt Deny x Incoming s 0 Direction f Outgoing Interface ppp 0 in Interface ALL Log Option Disable C High Enable E Security Level Mm Medium Blacktist Status Disable Ivy Low pee este ee foo foo foo anes eiee Src iP Address anys mo jbo jo Ip E CR ae ee aaa mE CA a AC a Protocol T tcp Store State Source Port Dest Port TCP Flag ICMP Type ICMP Code Eg res IP Frag Pkt iP Option Pkt C No Ignore Packet Size Enable Disable Figure 48 IP Filter Rule Example 2 TOD Rule Status ATU R110 User Manual Viewing IP Filter Satistics For each rule you can view statistics on how many packets were accepted or denied Display the IP Filter Configuration page and then click _Stats in the row corresponding to the rule The IP Filter Rule Statistics page displays as shown in Figure 49 IP Filter Rule Statistics IP Filter Rule Statistic Rule ID 20 Number of Packets Maching this Rule o Packets clear I Close IM Refresh BE Her Figure 49 IP Filter Rule Stat
58. ccesses of certain types ATU R110 User Manual Creating IP Filter Rules To create an IP filter rule you set various criteria that must be met in order for the rule to be invoked Use these instructions to add a new IP filter rule and refer to the examples on page 119 for assistance 1 Onthe main IP Filter page click Add The IP Filter Rule Add page displays as shown in Figure 47 IP Filter Rule 4dd o Enable i Disable Basic Information Rule ID 2 Action o aA i Deny ee Incoming eee Direction fa Outgeing interface ppp ES Enable aLL Log Option Disable m miai f Enable Security Level Medium Black fist Status Gi Disable Jw Low Log Tag HH MM SS po foo foo caine ss 2 59 Be Src iP Address E i92 iss i 7 fo o fo o Dest IP Address lnr B E E o o fo ER oe Ba in interface Store State a Protocol E z TEP Source Port eq 3 fo Dest Port E a0 fo TCP Flag ICMP Type ICMP Code any fo f Yes DELLE IP Frag Pkt f No IP Option Pkt f No f Ignore i Ignore Packet Size any fo f Enable TOD Rule Status C Disable Figure 47 IP Filter Rule Add Page ATU R110 User Manual 2 Enter or select data for each field that applies to your rule The following table describes the fields Field Description Rule ID Each rule must be assigned a sequential ID number Rules are processed from lowest to highest o
59. click Commit amp Reboot in the task bar 6 Click _Commit to save your changes to permanent memory ATU R110 User Manual 1 1 Configuring the Routing Information Protocol The ATU R110 can be configured to communicate with other routing devices to determine the best path for sending data to its intended destination Routing devices communicate this information using a variety of IP protocols This chapter describes how to configure the ATU R110 to use one of these called the Routing Information Protocol RIP RIPOverview RIP is an Internet protocol you can set up to share routing table information with other routing devices on your LAN at your ISP s location or on remote networks connected to your network via the ADSL line Generally RIP is used to enable communication on autonomous networks An autonomous network is one in which all of the computers are administered by the same entity An autonomous network may be a single network or a grouping of several networks under the same administration An example of an autonomous network is a corporate LAN including devices that can access it from remote locations such as the computers telecommuters use Using RIP each device sends its routing table to its closest neighbor every 30 seconds The neighboring device in turn passes the information on to its next neighbor and so on until all devices in the autonomous network have the same set of routes When should you configure RIP
60. col This table lists any interfaces on your device that use RIP typically the LAN interface and the version of the protocol used Enable g Disable Age seconds Update Time seconds ae No Rip Entries eth 0 alip RiptcomPar z R1 z add submit J cancel Refresh i Hein Figure 30 RIP Configuration Page The page contains radio buttons for enabling or disabling the RIP feature and a table listing interfaces on which the protocol is currently running The first time you open this page the table may be empty 2 If necessary change the Age and Update Time These are global settings for all interfaces that use RIP Ageis the amount of time in seconds that the devicej s R P table will retain each route that it learns from adjacent computers Update Time specifies how frequently the ATU R110 will send out its routing table its neighbors 3 Inthe IFName column select the name of the interface on which you want to enable RIP For communication with RIP enabled devices on your LAN select eth 0 or the name of the appropriate virtual Ethernet interface For communication with your ISP or a remote LAN select the corresponding ppp eoa or other WAN interface See page 39 for a description of various interfaces and their names 4 Select a metric value for the interface RIP uses aj hopcoun a wytodd eae mnet he beg pathto a given destination in the network The hop count is the s
61. ddress has been assigned 3 Click the Enable radio button to turn on bridging ATU R110 User Manual 4 Click _Submit A page will briefly display to confirm your changes and will return you to the Bridge Configuration page 5 Click the Admin tab and then click Commit amp Reboot in the task bar 6 Click _fommit save your changes to permanent memory Deleting a Bridge Interface To make an interface non bridgeable display the Bridge Configuration page and click i next to the interface you want to delete Click _ as to confirm the deletion The interface remains defined in the system but is no longer capable of performing bridging ATU R110 User Manual 1 r Configuring Firewall Settings Configuration Manager provides built in firewall functions enabling you to protect the system against denial of service DoS attacks and other types of malicious accesses to your LAN You can also specify how to monitor attempted attacks and who should be automatically notified Configuring Global Firewall Settings Follow these instructions to configure global firewall settings 1 Log into Configuration Manager click the Services tab and then click Firewall in the task bar The Firewall Configuration page displays as shown in Figure 44 Firewall Configuration This Page is used to view Firewall Configuration Firewall Configuration v c Enable Blacklist Status oS Blacktist Period min 0 Enable
62. des links to the software pages that enable you to configure each setting if available The following table describes the various sections of the system view table Table Heading Device DSL WAN Interfaces Description Displays basic information about the ATU R110 hardware and software versions the system uptime since the last reboot and the preconfigured operating mode Displays performance statistics for the DSL line You can click the DSL link in the Advanced title bar to display additional DSL settings which are described in Chapter 14 Displays the software name s and various settings for the device interfaces that communicate with your ISP via DSL Although you only have one physical DSL port multiple software defined interfaces can be configured to use it See the ATM VCC PPP EOA and IPoA chapters Chapters 12 13 14 and 15 respectively for more information about the interfaces defined on you system ATU R110 User Manual Table Heading LAN Interfaces Services Summary Description Displays the software names and various settings for the device interfaces that communicate directly with your network These typically include at least one Ethernet interface named eth 0 and may include a USB interface named usb 0 You can configure some properties of these interfaces as described in Chapter 5 Displays the following service that the ATU R110 performs to help you manage your network o Transla
63. dware ID is often referred to as the Media Access Control MAC address Routers are considered more intelligent and flexible devices than bridges and often provide a variety of security and network administration services based on the IP protocols Using the Bridging Feature Although the ATU R110 is preconfigured to serve as a router for providing Internet connectivity to you LAN there are several instances in which you may also want to configure bridging E E Your ISP may use protocols that require bridging with your LAN The device can be configured to appear as a bridge when communicating with your ISP while continuing to provide router functionality for your LAN Your LAN may include computers that communicate using i ave3j wdocds dhert hantheln and Rdocd These include IPX and AppleTalk In this case the device can be configured to act as a bridge for packets that use these protocols while continuing to serve as a router for IP data In both cases you need to specify the devicej si n afaces bi dge interfaces ATU R110 User Manual Note Note Defining Bridge Interfaces To enable bridging you simply specify the device interfaces on which you want to bridge data and then enable bridging mode 1 Log into Configuration Manager and click the Bridging tab The Bridge Configuration page displays as shown in Figure 43 Bridge Configuration Use this page to Add and Modify Bridging information Enable gy Di
64. e See DNS SNMP splitter splitterless subnet subnet mask TCP TCP IP Telnet TFTP TTL twisted pair ATU R110 User Manual Simple Network Management Protocol The TCP IP protocol used for network management A device that splits off the voice component of the DSL signal to a separate line so that data and telephone service each have their own wiring and jacks The splitter is installed by your telephone company where the DSL line enters your home The CO also contains splitters that separate the voice and data signals sending voice to the PSTN and data on high speed lines to the Internet See also CO PSTN splitterless microfilter A type of DSL installation where no splitter is installed saving the cost of a service call by the telephone company Instead each jack in the home carries both voice and data requiring a microfilter for each telephone to prevent interference from the data signal ADSL is usually splitterless if you are unsure if your installation has a splitter ask your DSL provider See also splitter microfilter A subnet is a portion of a network The subnet is distinguished from the larger network by a subnet mask which selects some of the computers of the network and excludes all others The subnet s computers remain physically connected to the rest of the parent network but they are treated as though they were on a separate network See also network mask A mask that defines a subnet See
65. e identified by their IP addresses server type Such as FTP or Web server or both Figure 24 shows the fields used to establish a filter rule NAT Rule Add Rule Flavor FILTER Rule ID ifFWWame ALL r Protocol enr aj Local Address From Local Address To Global Address From Global Address To Destination Address From Destination Address To Destination Port From Destination Port Ta Figure 24 NAT Rule Add Page filter Flavor Follow these instructions to add a filter rule see steps 1 4 under The napt rule on page 58 for specific instructions corresponding to steps 1 and 2 below 1 Display the NAT Rule Add Page select FILTER as the Rule Flavor and enter a Rule ID 2 Select the interface on which this rule will be effective ATU R110 User Manual Select a protocol to which this rule applies or choose ALL This selection specifies which type of Internet communication will be subject to this translation rule You can select ALL if the rule applies to all data Or select TCP UDP ICMP ora number from 1 255 that represents the ANA specified protocol number In the Local Address From and Local Address To fields type the starting and ending IP addresses that identify the range of private address you want to be translated Or type the same address in b
66. e will be applied only to packets that do not contain header options o Ignore Default The rule will be applied to packets whether or not they contain header options assuming that they match the other criteria Specifies that the IP Filter rule will take affect only on packets whose size in bytes matches this criteria t less than gt greater than lteg less than or equal to etc The Time of Day Rule Status determines how the Start Time End Time settings are used o Enable Default The rule is in effect for the specified time period o Disable The rule is not in effect for the specified time period but is effective at all other times ATU R110 User Manual When you are done selecting criteria ensure that the Enable radio button is selected at the top of the page and then click Submit After a confirmation page displays the IP Filter Configuration page will redisplay with the new rule showing in the table If the security level of the rule matches the globally configured setting a green ball in the Status column for that rule indicating that the rule is now in effect A red ball will display when the rule is disabled or if its security level is different than the globally configured level Ensure that the Security Level and Private Public DMZ Default Action settings on the IP Filter Configuration page are configured as needed then click _ Submit A page displays to confirm your changes Click the
67. ecify the lowest and highest addresses in the pool Use this field only if you want to assign a specific IP address to a specific computer that is you are creating an exception to the dynamic assignment of addresses The IP address you specify will be assigned to the computer that corresponds to this MAC address A MAC address is a manufacturer assigned hardware ID that is unique for each device on a network If you type a MAC address here you must have specified the same IP address in both the Start IP Address and End IP Address fields Specifies which portion of each IP address in this range refers to the network and which portion refers to the host computer For a description of network masks and LAN network masks see Appendix 0 You can use the network mask to distinguish which pool of addresses should be distributed to a particular subset of computers on your LAN called a subnet A user friendly name that refers to the group of computers Subnet that will be assigned addresses from this pool The address of the default gateway for computers that receive IP addresses from this pool The default gateway is the IP address that the computers first contact to communicate with the Internet Typically it is the devicej s LANport P adq ess See Hops and gateways on page 4 for an explanation of gateway addresses The IP address of the Domain Name System server and Secondary Domain Name System server to be used by
68. ecting the device to more than one computer E E For system configuration using the supplied web based program a web browser such as Internet Explorer v5 0 or later or Netscape v4 7 or later E E For system configuration using the supplied menu driven configuration tool a RS232C interface and terminal emulation program is required Using this Document Notational conventions E E Acronyms are defined the first time they appear in text and in the glossary Appendix D For brevity the ATU R110 is referred to as he dev cg E E The terms LAN and network are used interchangeably to refer to a group of Ethernet connected computers at one Site Terriers Note t il Eo j Ta F L g _ B u Definition A WARNING ATU R110 User Manual Typographical conventions Italics are used to identify terms that are defined in the glossary Appendix D Bolded text is used for items you select from menus and drop down lists and to identify field labels you view on screen Special messages This document uses the following icons to call your attention to specific instructions or explanations ATU R110 User Manual 2 Getting to Know the ATU R110 Parts Check In addition to this document your ATU R110should arrive with the following E E One ATU R110 ADSL Ethernet Bridge Router E E One power adapter and power cord E E One cross over Ethernet cable Two RJ 11 to Ru 11 telephone c
69. eess Structure of an IP address n Network ClaSS S eeeeeeeeeee n SUDNEL MASKS cc wire alana n Binary Numbers n Binary Numbers sssssessesneseeneeneesnneeesnee n Bits and DyteS c cceseseeeeeees n Troubleshooting Diagnosing Problem using IP Utilities F ATU R110 User Manual 1 Introduction Congratulations on becoming the owner of the ATU R110 ADSL Ethernet bridge router Your LAN local area network will now be able to access the Internet using your high speed ADSL connection This User Guide will show you how to install and set up your ATU R110 ADSL Bridge Router Features E E Internal ADSL modem for high speed Internet access E E 10 100Base T Tx Ethernet router to provide Internet connectivity to all computers on your LAN E E Network address translation NAT and IP filtering functions to provide firewall protection for your computers E E Network configuration through DHCP E E Configuration program you access via an HTML browser Menu driven configuration tool via RS232C interface System Requirements In order to use your ATU R110 ADSL Ethernet router you must have the following ADSL service up and running on your telephone line with at least one public Internet address for your LAN One or more computers each containing an Ethernet 10Base T 100Base Tx network interface card NIC E E An Ethernet hub switch if you are conn
70. ept DHCP information assigned by a DHCP server 1 Open the Windows Control Panel and display the computer s Networking properties Configure the TCP IP properties to Obtain an IP address automatically the actual text may vary depending on your operating system For detailed instructions see the Quick Start chapter Part 2 Configuring Your Computers j Next you specify the IP address of the DHCP server and select the interfaces on your network that will be using the relay service 2 Log into the Configuration Manager click the LAN tab and then click DHCP Relay in the task bar The DHCP Relay Configuration page displays DHCP Relay Configuration s a DHCP relay agent when a computer request Internet access the device requests an IP address from your ISP and then relays the addresses back to the computers This table lists each interface on the device that relays data from your ISP typically the LAN port is listed DHCP Server Address jo jo jo jo Interfaces Running DHCP Relay Action No Interface Running DHCP Relay eth o I aad _ Submit i cancel fl Refresh f Help Figure 14 DHCP Relay Configuration Page 3 Type the IP address of your ISPj s DHCP severi nt hefi ds provided If you do not have this number it is not essential to enter it here Requests for IP information from your LAN will be passed to the default gateway which should route the request appropriately 4 If the int
71. er not a registered public address verify the following Check that the gateway IP address on the computer is your public IP address see the Quick Start chapter Part 2 for instructions on viewing the IP information If it is not correct the address or configure the PC to receive IP information automatically Verify with your ISP that the DNS server specified for the PC is valid Correct the address or configure the PC to receive this information automatically Verify that a Network Address Translation rule has been defined on the ATU R110 to translate the private address to your public IP address 135 ATU R110 User Manual Problem Troubleshooting Suggestion The assigned IP address must be within the range specified in the NAT rules see Chapter 8 Or configure the PC to accept an address assigned by another device see the Quick Start Part 2 The default configuration includes a NAT rule for all dynamically assigned addresses within a predefined pool see the instructions in Chapter 7 to view the address pool PCs cannot display web Verify that the DNS server specified on the PCs is pages on the Internet correct for your ISP as discussed in the item above You can use the ping utility discussed in the following section to test connectivity with your ISP s DNSserver Configuration Manager Program You forgot lost your If you have not changed the password from the Configuration Manager default try using jfodj as both
72. erface named eth 0 is not already displaying select it from the drop down list and click Add The eth 0 interface specifies that your default Ethernet LAN interface is running DHCP relay for your LAN Typically this is the only interface you need to specify here If the ATU R110 has additional interfaces that you want to perform DHCP relay you can select and add them You can also delete an interface from the table by clicking i in the right column 5 Click _Submit ATU R110 User Manual A page displays to confirm your changes and then the program returns to the DHCP Relay Configuration page 6 Follow the instructions in Setting the DHCP Mode on page 49 to set the DHCP mode to DHCP Relay Setting the DHCP Mode You should set the DHCP mode only after you have configured DHCP relay or DHCP server settings See j Configuring DHCP Server on pag amp 3 or Configuring DHCP Relayj om pages for additional instructions Follow these instructions to set the DHCP mode 1 Click the LAN tab and then click DHCP Mode in the task bar From the DHCP Mode drop down list choose DHCP Server DHCP Relay or none If you choose none your LAN computers must be configured with static IP addresses Click _Submit Click the Admin tab and then click Commit amp Reboot in the task bar Click _Commit_ to save your changes to permanent memory ATU R110 User Manual 8 Configuring Network Address Translation
73. es how gateway routers communicate with each other Abbreviation for Gigabits i G uh bitsj per second or one billion bits per second Internet data rates are often expressed in Gbps When you send data through the Internet it is sent first from your computer to a router and then from one router to another until it finally reaches a router that is directly connected to the recipient Each individual j eg d tre dtajjs jourryisa lleda h The number of hops that data has taken on its route to its destination Alternatively the maximum number of hops that a packet is allowed to take before being discarded see also TTL A device usually a computer connected to a network Hyper Text Transfer Protocol HTTP is the main protocol used to transfer data from web sites so that it can be displayed by web browsers See also web browser web site Internet Control Message Protocol An Internet protocol used to report errors and other network related information The ping command makes use of ICMP Internet Group Management Protocol An Internet protocol that enables a computer to share information about its membership in multicast groups with adjacent routers A multicast group of computers is one whose members have designated as interested in receiving specific content from the others Multicasting to an IGMP group can be used to simultaneously update the address books of a group of mobile computer users or to send company news
74. ess will serve only as a request to the DHCP server The actual address that is assigned by the ISP may differ if this address is not available When checked this setting instructs the device to accept IP information assigned dynamically by your ISP s DHCP server If t hei neface wil be usedfor bridging with your ISP and you will not be routing data through it leave this checkbox unselected Indicates whether the ATU R110 should use the IP address assigned to this interface if any as its default route for your LAN This can be Enable or Disable See Chapter 9 for an explanation of default routes A green or red ball will display to indicate that the interface is currently up or down respectively You cannot manually enable or disable the interface a red ball may indicate a problem with the DSL connection Icons you can click on to edit F or delete 1 the associated EOA interface Adding EOA Interfaces Follow these instructions to add an EOA interface 1 Click the WAN tab and then click EOA in the task bar 2 Click 94 The EOA Interface Add page displays as shown in Figure 40 EOA Interface Add beet ed _E0A Information FOA Interface e e Lower interfaee Maaso Conf IP Address Net Mask sence Bae Enable Hse Dhep Disable eee pan Enable Default Route A Disable Figure 40 EOA Interface Add Page 3 Select one of the predefined interface names
75. et network Typically you will not need to change this address See Chapter 5 for instructions No used ATU R110 User Manual Testing Your Setup The Quick Start process you just completed should enable any computer on your LAN to use the ATU R110j s ADSL connedi ont o access the Internet To test the connection turn on the device wait about 30 seconds and then verify that its LEDs are illuminated as shown in Table 2 Table 2 LED Indicators This LED _ should be DIAG Flashing on off while the device is booting WAN Solid green to indicate that the device has successfully established a connection with your ISP Flashes during data transfer LAN Solid green to indicate that the device can communicate with your LAN Flashes during data transfer PWR Solid green to indicate that the device is turned on If this light is not on check the power cable attachment If the LEDs illuminate as expected test your Internet connection from a LAN computer and from the USB computer if applicable Open your web browser and type the URL of any external website such as htto www yahoo com The LED labeled WAN ACT should be blinking rapidly and may appear solid as the device connects to the site If the LEDs do not illuminate as expected or the web page does not display E E Ensure that the default settings shown on page 22 are appropriate for your network setup See Appendix 1 oub eshodi ng f ti n ar eirg
76. f IP addresses after a specified time limit DHCP returns the address to the pool Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol relay A DHCP relay is a computer that forwards DHCP data between computers that request IP addresses and the DHCP server that assigns the addresses Each of the ATU R110 s interfaces can be configured as a DHCP relay See DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server A DHCP server is a computer that is responsible for assigning IP addresses to the computers on a LAN See DHCP Of data having a form based on discrete values expressed as binary numbers 0 s and 1 s The data component in DSL is a digital signal See also analog Domain Name System The DNS maps domain names into IP addresses DNS information is distributed hierarchically throughout the Internet among computers called DNS servers When you start to access a web site a DNS server looks up the requested domain name to find its corresponding IP address If the DNS server cannot find the IP address it communicates with higher level DNS servers to determine the IP address See also domain name A domain name is a user friendly name used in place of its associated IP address For example www globespan net is the domain name associated with IP address 209 191 4 240 Domain names must be unique their assignment is controlled by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ICANN Domain names are a key element of URLs which identify a specific
77. f time that you specify To view the list of currently blacklisted computers click __Black List_ at the bottom of the Firewall Configuration page The Firewall Blacklisted Hosts page displays as shown in Figure 45 Firewall Blacklisted Hosts Host IP Address Reason IPF Rule ID Actions No Black Listed Hast Figure 45 Firewall Blacklisted Hosts Page The table displays the following information for each entry Field Description Host IP Address The IP address of the computer that sent the packet s that caused the violation Reason A short description of the type of violation If the packet violated an IP Filter rule the custom text from the Log Tag field will display See Creating IP Filter Rulesj on pagel 14 IPF Rule ID If the packet violated an IP Filter rule this field will display the ID assigned to the rule Action s Displays an icon i you can click on to delete the entry from the list if you want it to be removed prior to its automatic timed expiration ATU R110 User Manual 1 8 Configuring IP Filters The IP filter feature enables you to create rules that control the forwarding of incoming and outgoing data between your LAN and the Internet This chapter explains how to create IP filter rules Overview The IP filter feature enables you to control the types of data being passed between the Internet and your network You can create IP filter ru
78. g Sending packets over the WAN interface using an internal LAN IP address as the source address o Tear Drop Sending packets that contain overlapping fragments o Smurf and Fraggle Sending packets that use the WAN or LAN IP broadcast address as the source address o Land Attack Sending packets that use the same address as the source and destination address o Ping of Death Illegal IP packet length Click the Enable radio button to use the following denial of service protections o SYN DoS o ICMP DoS o Per host DoS protection Sets the percentage of concurrent IP sessions that can be in the half open state In ordinary TCP communication packets are in the half open state only briefly as a connection is being initiated the state changes to active when packets are being exchanged or closed when the exchange is complete TCP connections in the half open state can use up the available IP sessions If the percentage is exceeded then the half open sessions will be closed and replaced with new sessions as they are initiated Sets the percentage of concurrent IP sessions that can be used for ICMP messages If the percentage is exceeded then older ICMP IP sessions will be replaced by new sessions as the are initiated Sets the percentage of concurrent IP session that can originate from a single computer This percentage should take into account the number of hosts on the LAN ATU R110 User Manual Field Log Dest
79. g the options in the drop down list you can specify that packets must contain the selected protocol eq that they must not contain the specified protocol neq or that the rule can be invoked regardless of the protocol any TCP UDP and ICMP are commonly IP protocols others can be identified by number from 0 255 as defined by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority IANA If this option is enabled then stateful filtering is performed and the rule is also applied in the other direction on the given interface during an IP session Port number criteria for the computer s from which the packet originates This field will be dimmed unavailable for entry if you have not specified a protocol criteria See the description of Src IP Address for the selection options Port number criteria for the destination computer s i e the port number of the type of computer to which the packet is being sent This field will be dimmed unavailable for entry unless you have selected TCP or UDP as the protocol See the description of Src IP Address for the selection options Specifies whether the rule should apply only to TCP packets that contain the synchronous SYN flag only to those that contain the non synchronous NOT SYWN flag or to all TCP packets This field will be dimmed unavailable for entry unless you selected TCP as the protocol Specifies whether the value in the type field in ICMP packet headers will be used
80. guration Each row in the table lists a rule for translating addresses See Help for instructions on creating NAT rules beei OET NOT Rule Entry a ALL NAPT ANY 0 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 Stats Figure 17 NAT Rule Configuration Page The NAT Rule Configuration table displays a row containing basic information for each rule For a description of these fields refer to the instructions for adding rules pages 58 through 67 From the NAT Rule Configuration page you can click Add to add a new rule or use the icons in the right column to delete iz or view details on a rule To view data on how often a specific NAT rule has been used click _Stats in the Action s column A page similar to the one show in Figure 18 displays NAT Rule Statistics Rule ID p Total Number of Translation wf This Rule 0 Sessions Tota Number of Inbound Packets wf This Rule 0 0 Tota Number of Outbound Packets wf This Rule NAT Rule Status Active Translation wf This Rule 0 Sessions Figure 18 NAT Rule Statistics Page The statistics show how many times this rule has been invoked and how many currently active sessions are using this rule You can click to reset the statistics to zeros and _Refresh to display newly accumulated data Clear ATU R110 User Manual Viewing Curent NAT Translations To view alist of NAT translations that have recently been performed and which remain in effect for any of t
81. guration The napt flavor translates private source IP addresses to a single public IP address The napt rule also translates the source port numbers to port numbers that are defined on the NAT Global Configuration page see page 53 The Introduction to NAT on page 51 describes how the napt rule works 1 Click the NAT tab then select NAT Rule Entry from the NAT Options drop down list on the right side of the page The NAT Rule entry page displays a row for each currently configured NAT rule gt Click 44 to display the NAT Rule Add page The NAPT flavor displays by default in the Rule Flavor drop down list The NAT Rule Add page displays as shown in Figure 21 WAT Rule Add NAT Rule Information Rule Flavor MAPT Rule ID lFAame ALL T Local Address From kke Local Address To 255 255 255 255 Global Address From bP e e Tie Global Address To Pb Ib Ib Figure 21 NAT Rule Add Page napt Flavor 3 Enter a Rule ID The Rule ID determines the order in which rules are invoked the lowest numbered rule is invoked first and so on In some cases two or more rules may be defined to act on the same set of IP addresses Be sure to assign the Rule ID so that the ATU R110 User Manual 10 higher priority rules are invoked before lower priority rules It is recommended that you select rule IDs a
82. guration review the settings in Table 1 to verify that they meet the needs of your network Follow the instructions to change them if necessary If you are unfamiliar with these settings try using the device without modification or contact your ISP for assistance Before you modifying any settings review Chapter 4 for general information about accessing and using the Configuration Manager program We strongly recommend that you contact your ISP prior to changing the default configuration Default Setting Explanation Instructions DHCP server enabled with two pools of The ATU R110 maintains a pool of 12 private addresses For LAN computers 192 168 1 2 through 192 168 1 13 For USB computer 192 168 2 2 for both subnet mask IP addresses for dynamic assignment to your LAN computers and a pool containing 1 IP address for assignment to your USB computer To use this service you must have set up your computers to accept IP information dynamically as described in Part 2 of the Quick POT ea Start See Chapter 7 for an explanation of the DHCP service napt rule enabled Your computers pivd el P addr esses see DHCP above will be translated to your public IP address whenever they access the Internet See Chapter 8 for a description of the NAT service Static IP address 192 168 1 1 This is the IP address of the LAN port on the subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Disable device The LAN port connects the device to your Ethern
83. gured addresses will be used in addition to the two addresses learned through PPP If Use DNS is not enabled or if a protocol other than PPP is used such as EoA then these configured addresses will be used as the primary and secondary DNS addresses Follow these steps to configure DNS relay 1 Configure the LAN PCs to use the ADSL Ethernet router s LAN IP address as their DNS server addressj by assigning the LAN IP address statically to each PC or by inputting the LAN IP address or the address 0 0 0 0 as the DNS address in the DHCP server pool used by the PCs If using a PPP connection to the ISP click the Use DNS check box so that the DNS server addresses it learns are used for DNS relay Or If not using a PPP connection or if you want to specify DNS addresses in addition to those learned through PPP configure the DNS addresses on the ADSL Ethernet router as follows ATU R110 User Manual a Click the Services tab and then click DNS in the task bar The DNS Configuration page displays NAT RIP firewal IP Fiter ONS DONS Cunlhygurclicers fie page ts usad for adding and deleting ONS serverig addresses Weer can a g Enae p HirawWe Figure 27 DNS Configuration Page b Type the IP address of the DNS server in an empty row and click Add You can enter only two addresses C Click the Enable radio button and then click _Submit 3 Click the Admin tab and then click Commit amp Reboo
84. hat uses the TCP protocol the translation will no longer be performed if no matching data packets are received after the specified time has elapsed TCP Close Wait sec For a NAT translation on data using the TCP protocol after a communication session has been closed the translation will no longer be performed if no matching data packets are received after the specified time has elapsed TCP Def Timeout sec For a NAT translation session on data that uses the TCP protocol the translation will no longer be performed if no matching data packets are received after the specified time has elapsed UDP Timeout sec Same as TCP Idle Timeout but for UDP packets ICMP Timeout sec Same as TCP Idle Timeout but for ICMP ATU R110 User Manual Field Description packets GRE Timeout sec Same as TCP Idle Timeout but for GRE packets Default Nat Age sec For all other NAT translation sessions the number of seconds after which a translation session will no longer be valid NAPT Port Start End When an napt rule is defined the source ports will be translated to sequential numbers in this range If you change any values click _ Submit and then click the Admin tab and commit your changes to permanent system memory see page 32 You can click __Slebal Stats o view accumulated data on how many NAT rules have been invoked and how much data has been translated A page similar to the one shown in Figure 16 displays NAT
85. hat are used for Internet routing When a PC user types a domain name into a browser the PC must first send a request to a DNS server to obtain the equivalent IP address The DNS server will attempt to look up the domain name in its own database and will communicate with higher level DNS servers when the name cannot be found locally When the address is found it is sent back to the requesting PC and is referenced in IP packets for the remainder of the communication Assigning DNS Addresses Multiple DNS addresses are useful to provide alternatives when one of the servers is down or is encountering heavy traffic ISPs typically provide primary and secondary DNS addresses and may provide additional addresses Your LAN PCs learn these DNS addresses in one of the following ways E E Statically If your ISP provides you with their DNS server addresses you can assign them to each PC by modifying the PCs IP properties Dynamically from a DHCP pool You can configure the DHCP Server feature on the ADSL Ethernet router and create an address pool that specify the DNS addresses to be distributed to the PCs Refer to Chapter 7 Configuring DHCP Server a pages for instructions on creating DHCP address pools In either case you can specify the actual addresses of the ISP s DNS servers on the PC or in the DHCP pool or you can specify the address of the LAN port on the ADSL Ethernet router e g 192 168 1 1 When you specify the LAN
86. hboard opens a connection to a higher level switchboard for long distance calls That switchboard looks at the area code you dialed and connects you with another switchboard that serves that area This new switchboard in turn may look at the prefix in the number you dialed the middle set of three numbers and connect to a more localized switchboard that handles numbers with that prefix This final switchboard can then look at the last four digits of the phone number to open a connection with the person or company you dialed In comparison when your computer initiates communication over the Internet such as viewing a web page connecting to an web server the data it sends out includes the IP address of the destination computer the 0hone nu nbej A yar t gi n requests first go to the same router at your ISP the first i swchboad Tha rate cosa tle retwok D pati the destination address the ar ea code am te m ne wid rex router to send the request to After several such passes the request arrives at a router for the destination network which then uses the host ID portion of the destination IP address the local j phone number t or ou et her equeg t othe apg opi e co mat e The network ID and host ID portions of IP addresses are explained in Appendix 0 With both the telephone and the computer all transactions are initially sent to the same switchboard or router which serves as a gateway to other higher or
87. he defined rules select NAT Translations from the NAT Options drop down list The NAT Translations page displays as shown in Figure 19 NAT Translations erm else tom NAT Translations 7 100 ppp 3 TCP Outside 46 A ppp 3 g Outside 86400 p ppp 3 FTP Outside 86397 p ppp 3 ICMP Outside 2 Figure 19 NAT Translations Page For each current NAT translation session the table contains the following fields Field Description Trans Index The sequential number assigned to the IP session used by this NAT translation session Rule ID The ID of the NAT rule invoked Interface The device interface on which the NAT rule was invoked from the rule definition Protocol The IP protocol used by the data packets that are undergoing translations from the rule definition Example TCP UDP ICMP Alg Type The Application Level Gateway ALG if any that was used to enable this NAT translation ALGs are special settings that certain applications require in order to work while NAT is enabled NAT Direction The direction incoming or outgoing of the translation from the port definition Entry Age The elapsed time in seconds of the NAT translation session You can click in the Action s column to view additional details about a NAT translation session as shown in Figure 20 ATU R110 User Manual AAT TRANGLATION Detalls Transtation Information al Dras ioia Pee Rule TD Protec LG TFE
88. his NAT rule and add a new one that matches the addresses you assigned to your computers see Adding NAT Rulesj on pe 58 for instructions ATU R110 User Manual Viewing NATGIobal Stings and Siatisiics To view your NAT settings log into Configuration Manager click the Services tab The NAT Configuration page displays by default as shown in Figure 15 NAT Configuration Use this page to configure Network Address Translation a security protocol in which the device translates the IP addresses of your LAN computers to new addresses before sending data out on the Internet Er OLEA MAT Global Info Q Enable Disable TCP Idile Timeout sec TCP Close Wait sec TCP Def Timeout sec UDP Timeout sec ICMP Timeout sec GRE Timeout sec Default Nat Age sec NAPT Port Start NAPT Port End _ Submit _Cancel Refresh 7 Help Figure 15 NAT Configuration Page The NAT Configuration page contains the following elements The NAT Options drop down list which provides access to the Global Information page shown by default the NAT Rule Configuration page and the NAT Translations page which shows current translations E E Enable Disable radio buttons which allow you to turn on or off the NAT feature E E The NAT Global Information table which displays the following settings that apply to all NAT rule translations Field Description TCP Idle Timeout sec For a NAT translation session on data t
89. his option may be desirable but not required if E E You have obtained one or more public IP addresses that you want to always associate with specific computers for example if you are using a computer as a public web server You maintain different subnets on your LAN subnets are described in Appendix 0 Before you begin contact your ISP if you do not already have the following information E E The IP address and subnet mask to be assigned to each PC to which you will be assigning static IP information E E The IP address of the default gateway for your LAN In most cases this is the address assigned to the LAN port on the ATU R110 By default the LAN port is assigned this IP address 192 168 1 1 You can change this number or another number can be assigned by your ISP See Chapter 5 for more information The IP address of your ISP s Do nan Na me Yde m DNS server On each PC to which you want to assign static information follow the instructions on pages 16 through 19 relating only to checking for and or installing the IP protocol Once it is installed continue to follow the instructions for displaying each of the Internet Protocol TCP IP properties Instead of enabling dynamic assignment of the IP addresses for the computer DNS server and default gateway click the radio buttons that enable you to enter the information manually Your PCs must have IP addresses that place them in the same subnet as the
90. hri Figure 7 LAN Configuration Page ATU R110 User Manual The LAN Configuration table displays the following settings System Mode The preconfigured mode for your device such as Routing or Bridging mode This setting is not user configurable LAN IP The IP address your computers use to identify the Address device s LAN pot Note that the public IP address assigned to you by your ISP is not your LAN IP address The public IP address identifies the WAN ADSL port on your ADSL Ethernet router to the Internet LAN Network The LAN Network mask identifies which parts of the Mask LAN IP Address refer to your network as a whole and which parts refer specifically to nodes on the network Your device is preconfigured with a default network mask of 255 255 255 0 Use DHCP When checked this setting instructs the device to accept LAN IP information assigned dynamically from another DHCP server already configured on your network The ATU R110 cannot act as a DHCP server for its own LAN port Enter a LAN IP address and network mask or click the DHCP Enable radio button E E Entering a fixed address If you are using routing services on you LAN such as DHCP and NAT you will want to assign a fixed LAN IP address and mask This ensures that your LAN computers have a fixed address that they use to communicate with the device The IP address you assign must be on the same subnet as your LAN computers that connect to this port that
91. ice called DHCP can be set up to dynamically assign IP information 6 Click Bea to continue and then click x if prompted to restart your computer ATU R110 User Manual Next configure the PCs to accept IP information assigned by the ATU R110 T Open the Control Panel window and then double click the Network icon In the Network dialog box click the Protocols tab 9 Inthe Protocols tab select TCP IP and then click Properties 10 In the Microsoft TCP IP Properties dialog box click the radio button labeled Obtain an IP address from a DHCP server 11 Click _ ok twice to confirm and save your changes and then close the Control Panel Windows 2000 XP PC s First check for the IP protocol and if necessary install it as In the Windows task bar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel Double click the Network and Dial up Connections icon In the Network and Dial up Connections window right click the Local Area Connection icon and then select Properties The Local Area Connection Properties dialog box displays with a list of currently installed network components If the list includes Internet Protocol TCP IP then the protocol has already been enabled Skip to step 10 If Internet Protocol TCP IP does not display as an installed component click instal In the Select Network Component Type dialog box select Protocol and then click oidi Select Internet Protoco
92. in a specific format for efficient transmission over the Internet Such packets are the building blocks of all Internet communication Each packet contains header information that identifies the IP address of the computer that initiates the communication the source IP address the port number that the router associates with that computer the source port number the IP address of the targeted Internet computer the destination IP address and other information When this type of NAT rule is applied because the source IP address is swapped out it appears to other Internet computers as if the data packets are actually originating from the computer assigned your public IP address in this case the ATU R110 The NAT rule could further be defined to disguise the source port in the data packet i e change it to another number so that outside computers will not be able to determine the actual port from which the packet originated Data packets that arrive in response contain the public IP address as the destination IP address and the disguised source port number The ATU R110 changes the IP 51 ATU R110 User Manual address and source port number back to the original values having kept track of the changes it made earlier and then routes the packet to the originating computer NAT rules such as these provide several benefits E E They eliminate the need for purchasing multiple public IP addresses for computers on your LAN You can
93. inated from the public IP address Bimap rules can be used to provide external access to aLAN device They do not provide the same level of security as rdr rules because rdr rules also reroute incoming packets based on the port ID Bimap rules do not account for the port number and therefore allow external access regardless of the destination port type specified in the incoming packet Figure 25 shows the fields used to establish a bimap rule MAT Rule Add NAT Rule Information Rule Flavor BIMAP Local Address Global Address Submit Cancel Help Figure 25 NAT Rule Add Page bimap Flavor Follow these instructions to add a bimap rule See steps 1 4 under The napt rule on page 58 for specific instructions corresponding to steps 1 and 2 below 1 Display the NAT Rule Add Page select BIMAP as the Rule Flavor and enter a Rule ID 2 Select the interface on which this rule will be effective In the Local Address field type the private IP address of the computer to which you are granting external access 4 Inthe Global Address field type the address that you want to serve as the publicly known address for the LAN computer ATU R110 User Manual 5 Follow steps 7 12 under The napt rule on page 58 to submit your changes The pass rule Allowing specific addresses to pass through untranslated You can create a pass rule to allow a range of IP addresses to remain untranslated
94. ination E mail ID of Admin 1 2 3 Click _Submit Description Specifies how attempted violations of the firewall settings will be tracked Records of such events can be sent via Ethernet to be handled by a system utility Ethernet to Trace or can e mailed to specified administrators Specifies the e mail addresses of the administrators who should receive notices of any attempted firewall violations Type the addresses in standard internet e mail address format e g jxsmith onecompany com The e mail message will contain the time of the violation the source address of the computer responsible for the violation the destination IP address the protocol being used the source and destination ports and the number violations occurring the previous 30 minutes If the ICMP protocol were being used then instead of the source and destination ports the e mail will report the ICMP code and type Click the Admin tab and then click Commit amp Reboot in the task bar Click _Commit to save your changes to permanent memory ATU R110 User Manual Managing the Black List If data packets are received that violate the firewall settings or any of the IP Filter rules then the source IP address of the offending packets can be blocked from such accesses for a specified period of time You can enable or disable use of the black list using the settings described above The source computer remains on the black list for the period o
95. ing may be helpful when troubleshooting This information can also be e mailed to designated administrators See Chapter 1 jIntroduction for instructions Security Level The security level that must be enabled globally for this rule to take affect A rule will be active only if its security level is the same as the globally configured setting shown on the main IP Filter page For example if the rule is set to Medium and the global firewall level is set to Medium then the rule will be active but if the global firewall level is set to High or Low then the rule will be inactive Field Black List Status Log Tag Start End Time Src IP Address Dest IP Address ATU R110 User Manual Description Specifies whether or not a violation of this rule will result in the offending computer s IP address being added to the Black List which blocks the ADSL Ethernet router from forwarding packets from that source for a specified period of time See Chapter 1 Introduction f ori rstrudi ons A description of up to 16 characters to be recorded in the log in the event that a packet violates this rule Be sure to set the Log Option to Enable if you configure a Log Tag The time range during which this rule is to be in effect specified in military units IP address criteria for the source computer s from which the packet originates In the drop down list you can configure the rule to be invoked on packets containing any
96. is the network ID portion of their IP addresses and their subnet masks must be the same See Appendix 0 for an explanation of IP addresses and network masks You may need to update the DHCP configuration so that the addresses that the DHCP server dynamically assigns to your computers are on the same subnet as the new LAN IP address See Chapter 7 for instructions on changing the pool of dynamically assigned addresses In addition if you change the DHCP pool you will also need to update the NAT configuration so the new IP addresses are translated properly See Chapter 8 for instructions on NAT Enabling DHCP If another computer on your LAN provides DHCP services for your network you can click the Use DHCP checkbox to enable the LAN port to accept a dynamically assigned address from the server Check with your ISP to determine if this is advisable When you click the Enable radio button the LAN Network Mask field will be dimmed made unavailable for entry The LAN IP Address field will remain editable however The address that you specify here will be used as a ATU R110 User Manual requested IP address from the DHCP server This is referred to as a Configured IP Address in the program If the configured IP address is not available from the DHCP server the server will distribute another address to the LAN port Even if another number is assigned the same configured IP address will continue to display in this field For a
97. istics Page You can click Clear to reset the count to zero and _Refresh to display newly accumulated data Managing Cunent IP Filter Sessions When two computers communicate using the IP protocol an IP session is created for the duration of the communication The ATU R110allows a fixed number of concurrent IP sessions You can view information about each current IP session and delete sessions for security reasons for example To view all current IP sessions display the IP Filters Configuration page and then click Secsion an IP Filter Sessions page Figure 121 shows an example of IP Filter Session Session Time to In Rule In Out Rule Out Action expire Protocol IP Address Port Index Action Index Action s eth 10 0 20 70 9830 30 Accept Accept 255 255 200700 0 Unknown 0 Unknown o 1192 168 51 138 L72130 80 0 192 168 51 239 Unknown Unknown o 192 168 51 120 138 Accept Accept 192 168 51 255 138 Unknown Unknown 1192 168 51 162 138 Unknown Unknown 192 168 51 255 138 Unknown Unknown eth 192 168 51 115 4138 30 Accept 30 Accept eke uD 192 168 51 255 138 0 Unknown 0 Unknown ae Sale Figure 50 IP Filter Sessions Page ATU R110 User Manual The IP Filter Session table displays the following fields for each current IP session Field Session Index Time to expire Protocol F IP Address Port In Out Rule Index In Out Action Acti
98. l TCP IP in the Network Protocols list and then click _ You may be prompted to install files from your Windows 2000 XP installation CD or other media Follow the instructions to install the files If prompted click m to restart your computer with the new settings Next configure the PCs to accept IP information assigned by the ATU R110 8 9 In the Control Panel double click the Network and Dial up Connections icon In Network and Dial up Connections window right click the Local Area Connection icon and then select Properties ATU R110 User Manual 10 11 12 In the Local Area Connection Properties dialog box select Internet Protocol TCP IP and then click ___22Petties In the Internet Protocol TCP IP Properties dialog box click the radio button labeled Obtain an IP address automatically Also click the radio button labeled Obtain DNS server address automatically Click ok twice to confirm and save your changes and then close the Control Panel Windows Me PCs 1 In the Windows task bar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel Double click the Network and Dial up Connections icon In the Network and Dial up Connections window right click the Network icon and then select Properties The Network Properties dialog box displays with a list of currently installed network components If the list includes Internet Protocol TCP IP then the protocol
99. l over ATM One of the two types of PPP interfaces you can define fora Virtual Circuit VC the other type being PPPoE You can define only one PPPOA interface per VC Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet One of the two types of PPP interfaces you can define fora Virtual Circuit VC the other type being PPPoA You can define one or more PPPoE interfaces per VC A set of rules governing the transmission of data In order fora data transmission to work both ends of the connection have to follow the rules of the protocol In a physically separate location For example an employee away on travel who logs in to the companyj si trandisarende user Routing Information Protocol The original TCP IP routing protocol There are two versions of RIP version and version Il Registered Jack Standard 11 The standard plug used to connect telephones fax machines modems etc to a telephone jack It is a 6 pin connector usually containing four wires Registered Jack Standard 45 The 8 pin plug used in transmitting data over phone lines Ethernet cabling usually uses this type of connector Forwarding data between your network and the Internet on the most efficient route based on the dataj s desti ndi onl P add ess and current network conditions A device that performs routing is called a router See filtering rule NAT rule Secondary Domain Name System server A DNS server that can be used if the primary DSN server is not availabl
100. les to block attempts by certain computers on your LAN to access certain types of data or Internet locations You can also block incoming access to computers on your LAN When you define an IP filter rule and enable the feature you instruct the ATU R110 to examine each data packet it receives to determine whether it meets criteria set forth in the rule The criteria can include the size of the packet the network or internet protocol it is carrying the direction in which it is traveling for example from the LAN to the Internet or vice versa the IP address of the sending computer the destination IP address and other characteristics of the packet data If the packet matches the criteria established in a rule the packet can be either accepted forwarded towards its destination or denied discarded depending on the action specified in the rule 111 ATU R110 User Manual Viewing Your IP Filter C onfiguraton To view your current IP filter configuration log into Configuration Manager click the Services tab and then click IP Filter in the task bar The IP Filter page displays as shown in Figure 46 IP Filter Configuration This Page is used to View and Modify IP Filter Global and Rule Configuration IP Filter Configuration Security Level None ITR a a O A Accept Private Default Action Deny mI AE oN Accept v ALL Disable Incoming pem N A Disable pect IE cada to a Private Enable Incoming Accept N A Disable
101. letters to a distribution list See microfilter The global collection of interconnected networks used for both private and business communications A private company internal network that looks like part of the Internet users access information using web browsers but is accessible only by employees See TCP IP Internet Protocol address The address of a host computer on the Internet consisting of four numbers each from 0 to 255 separated by periods e g 209 191 4 240 An IP address consists of a network ID that identifies the particular network the host belongs to and a host ID uniquely identifying the host itself on that network A network mask is used to define the network ID and the host ID Because IP addresses are difficult to remember they usually have an associated domain name that can be specified instead See also domain name network mask ISP LAN LED MAC address mask Mbps microfilter NAT NAT rule network network mask NIC packet ATU R110 User Manual Internet Service Provider A company that provides Internet access to its customers usually for a fee Local Area Network A network limited to a small geographic area such as a home office or small building Light Emitting Diode An electronic light emitting device The indicator lights on the front of the ATU R110 are LEDs Media Access Control address The permanent hardware address of a device assigned by its manuf
102. lower level devices No single device knows at the outset the eventual path the data will take but each uses a specific part of the destination address phone number to make a decision about which device to connect to next 73 ATU R110 User Manual Hops and gateways Each time Internet data is passed from one Internet address to another it is said to take a hop A hop can be a handoff to a different port on the same device to a different device on the same network or to a device on an entirely different network When a hop passes data from one type of network to another it uses a gateway A gateway is an IP address that provides initial access to a network just as a switchboard serves as a gateway to a specific set of phone numbers For example when a computer on your LAN requests access to acompanyj s weo gte youl SP serves as a gateway to the Internet As your request reaches its destination another gateway provides access to the company s web servers Using IP routes to define default gateways IP routes are defined on computers routers and other P enabled devices to instruct them which hop to take or which gateway to use to help forward data along to its specified destination If no IP route is defined for a destination then IP data is passed to a predetermined default gateway The default gateway serves like a higher level telephone switchboard it may not be able to connect directly to the destination but it will kno
103. n data is sent to the interface e g when a LAN user attempts to use the Internet Service Name The name of the ISP service you are using with this PPP connection ISPs may offer different types of services for example for online gaming or business communications each requiring a different login and other connection properties ATU R110 User Manual Field Last Fail Cause DNS SDNS Security Protocol Login Name Description Indicates the action that ended the previous PPP session o No Valid PADO Recva The unit initiated a PPoE handshake but did not receive a packet in reply from the ISP o No Valid PADS Recvd After the initial handshake the unit did not receive a confirmation packet from the ISP o Stopped by User The user stopped the connection for example by changing the Configuration Manager settings for the PPP interface o No Activity The PPP communication timed out in accordance with the timeout period specified on the PPP Configuration page o Auth Failure The ISP could not authorize the connection based on the user name and or password provided o PADT recvd The ISP issued a special packet type to terminate the PPP connection o VC down The Virtual Circuit between the unit and the ISP is down o Internal failure A system software failure occurred The IP address of the DNS server located with your ISP used on this PPP connection The IP address of the secondary DNS server l
104. n each data packet until a match is found It is recommended that you assign rule IDs in multiples of 5 or 10 e g 10 20 30 so that you leave enough room between them for inserting a new rule if necessary Action The action that will be taken when a packet matches the rule criteria The action can be Accept forward to destination or Deny discard the packet Direction Specifies whether the rule should apply to data packets that are incoming or outgoing on the selected interface Incoming refers to packets coming from the LAN and outgoing refers to packets going to the Internet You can use rules that specify the incoming direction to restrict external computers from accessing your LAN Interface The interface on the ATU R110 on which the rule will take effect See the examples on page 119 for suggestions on choosing the appropriate interface for various rule types In Interface The interface from which packets must have been forwarded to the interface specified in the previous selection This option is valid only for the outgoing direction Log Option When Enabled is selected a log entry will be created on the system each time this rule is invoked The log entry will include the time of the violation the source address of the computer responsible for the violation the destination IP address the protocol being used the source and destination ports and the number violations occurring in the previous x minutes Logg
105. n of IP addresses and masks Viewing the ATU R110 sI P add ese To view the ATU R110 sl Padd esses di ckthe Rging tab and then click IP Addr in the task bar The IP Address Table page displays as shown in Figure 8 IP Route IP Addr LAN Config OSL ATM YCE PPP EDA POA IP Address Tabla Use this page to thigplay all IF addresses aesciated with porten four de vice nauding the LAN Ethernet part snd tha WAN DEL port 9 25 67 255 255 2550 usb 0 127 0 02 258 0 0 9 lot LPZ 168 92 299 299 258 255 0 ello Z1Z40 0 2 255 255 2550 004 0 Help Figure 8 IP Address Table Page The table lists the IP addresses network masks i N Meki an interface names j F Nang fo ead dits enabled interfaces The listed IP addresses may include The IP address of the device s LA Ethernet port called eth 0 See Chapter 5 for instructions on configuring this address E E The IP address of the WAN ADSL line interface which your ISP and other external devices use to identify your network It may be identified in the Configuration Manager by the names ppp 0 or eoa 0 or ipoa 0 depending on the protocol your device uses to communicate with your ISP Your ISP may assign the same address each time or it may change each time you reconnect The oopback IP adire named o 0 of 127 0 0 1 This is a special address that enables the device to keep any data addressed directly to it rather th
106. nternet name This is common for web sites that receive heavy traffic they use multiple redundant servers to carry the same information To exit from the nslookup utility type exit and press lt Enter gt at the command prompt ATU R110 User Manual D Glossary 10BASE T 100BASE T ADSL analog ATM authenticate binary bit bps bridging broadband broadcast DHCP A designation for the type of wiring used by Ethernet networks with a data rate of 10 Mbps Also known as Category 3 CAT 3 wiring See also data rate Ethernet A designation for the type of wiring used by Ethernet networks with a data rate of 100 Mbps Also known as Category 5 CAT 5 wiring See also data rate Ethernet Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line The most commonly deployed flavor of DSL for home users The term asymmetrical refers to its unequal data rates for downloading and uploading the download rate is higher than the upload rate The asymmetrical rates benefit home users because they typically download much more data from the Internet than they upload Of data having a form is analogous to the data s original waveform The voice component in DSL is an analog signal See also digital Asynchronous Transfer Mode A standard for high speed transmission of data text voice and video widely used within the Internet ATM data rates range from 45 Mbps to 2 5 Gbps See also data rate To verify a user si dertity such as by
107. nts that will accept IP addresses assigned from a DCHP server such as the ATU R110 The DHCP server draws from a defined pool of IP addresses and i eases thenfo a spe fied anurt d t i mto yar compter when they request an Internet session It monitors collects and redistributes the addresses as needed On a DHCP enabled network the IP information is assigned dynamically rather than statically A DHCP client can be assigned a different address from the pool each time it reconnects to the network Why use DHC P DHCP allows you to manage and distribute IP addresses throughout your network from a central computer Without DHCP you would have to configure each computer separately with IP addresses and related information DHCP is commonly used with large networks and those that are frequently expanded or otherwise updated 41 ATU R110 User Manual ATU R110 DHC P modes The device can be configured as aDHCP server DHCP relay agent or in some cases a DHCP client If you configure the device as a DHCP server it will maintain the pool of addresses and distribute them to your LAN computers If the pool of addresses includes private IP addresses you must also configure the Network Address Translation service so that the private addresses can be translated to your public IP address on the Internet Both DHCP server and NAT are enabled in the default configuration E E If your ISP performs the DCHP server function for your
108. nual rrr Note 1 6 Configuring Bridging The ATU R110 can be configured to act as a bridging device between your LAN and your ISP Bridges are devices that enable two or more networks to communicate as if they are two segments of the same physical LAN This chapter describes how to configure the ATU R110 to operate as a bridge Before changing your bridge configuration check with your ISP to determine the type of connection they use to exchange data with their customer s D amp L mode ns such as E he n bidg nga P routing Overview of Bridges A bridge is a device used to connect two or more networks so they can exchange data A bridge learns the unique manufacturer assigned hardware IDs of each computer or device on both or all networks it is attached to It learns that some of the IDs represent computers attached via one of the device s interfaces and others represent computers connected via other interfaces For example the hardware IDs of your home computers are attached via the Ethernet port and the hardware IDs of your ISP s computers are attached via the WAN DSL port It stores the ID list and the interface associated with each ID in its bridge forwarding table When the bridge receives a data packet it compares its destination hardware ID to the entries in the bridge forwarding table When the packet s ID matches one of the entries it forwards the packet through the interface that connects to the corresponding ne
109. ocal Address From and Local Address To fields type the starting and ending IP addresses that identify the range of private address you want to be translated Or type the same address in both fields If you specify a range each address will be translated in sequence to a corresponding address in a range of global addresses which you specify in step 5 You can create a basic rule for each specific address translation to occur The range of addresses should correspond to private addresses already in use on your network whether ATU R110 User Manual assigned statically to your PCs or assigned dynamically using DHCP 5 Inthe Global Address From and Global Address To fields type the starting and ending address that identify the pool of public IP addresses that the private addresses should be translated to Or type the same address in both fields if you also specified a single address in step 4 6 Follow steps 7 12 under The napt rule on page 58 to submit your changes The filter rule Configuring a basic rule with additional cntena Like the basic flavor the filter flavor translates public and private IP addresses on a one to one basis The filter flavor extends the capability of the basic rule Refer to The bsic Rulej on pages for a general description You can use the filter rule if you want an address translation to occur only when your LAN computers initiate access to specific destinations The destinations can b
110. ocated with your ISP used on this PPP connection The type of PPP security your ISP uses PAP Password Authentication Protocol or CHAP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol The name you use to log in to your ISP each time this PPP connection is established ATU R110 User Manual Adding a PPP interface Definition If you intend to use more than one type of service from your ISP the device may be configured with multiple PPP interfaces each with unique logon and other properties Follow this procedure to define properties for a PPP interface 1 From the PPP Configuration Page click Add The PPP Interface Add page displays as shown in Figure 37 PPP Interface Add Basic Information PPP interface peed ATH VCC aal5 0 IPF Type Public Status Start O PPPOA PPPoE Service Hame Protocol Enable f Disable f Enable Hse DHS fe Disable E NRO P Default Route Disable Security Information Fen AE 3 Beene Security Protocol CHAP Login Mame aaa ise Dhcp Password submit f cancel f Help Figure 37 PPP Interface Add Page 2 Select a PPP interface name from the drop down list and then enter or select data for each field renars You can create multiple PPP interfaces only if you are using the PPoA protocol only one PPP interface can be define if you are using PPoE Check with your ISP which version of the protocol Note they
111. og into the Configuration Manager you use the default user ID and password root and root The system allows only one user ID and password Only the password can be changed am This user ID and password is only used for logging into the Configuration Manager it is not the same as the login you may use Note to connect to your ISP described in Chapter 12 To change the Configuration Manager login password 1 Click the Admin tab The User Password Configuration page displays by default User Password Configuration Use this page to change your password Your new password can be up to 64 characters and is case sensitive user ID Figure 5 User Password Configuration Page Type your current password in the Old Password text box Type the new password in the New Password text box and again in the Confirm New text box The password can be up to eight ASCII characters long When logging in you must type the new password in the same upper and lower case characters that you use here 4 Click _Submit Click the Admin tab and then click Commit amp Reboot in the task bar 6 Click _ Commit to save your changes to permanent memory Note ATU R110 User Manual Committing Your Changes and Rebooting the Device Committing your changes Whenever you use the Configuration Manager to change system settings the changes are initially placed in temporary storage called random access memory or RAM Your changes are
112. om the WAN port to the LAN port will not count as activity on the WAN port i e it will not prevent the connection from being terminated if inactive for the specified time The PPP Configuration Table displays the following fields Field Interface VCC IPF Type Protocol WAN IP Gateway IP Default Route Description The predefined name of the PPP interface The Virtual Channel Connection over which this PPP data is sent The VCC identifies the physical path the data takes to reach your ISP See Chapter 12 for more information The type of IP Firewall protections that are in effect on the interface public private or DMZ o A public interface connects to the Internet PPP interfaces are typically public Packets received on a public interface are subject to the most restrictive set of firewall protections defined in the software o A private interface connects to your LAN such as the Ethernet interface Packets received ona private interface are subject to a less restrictive set of protections because they originate within the network o The term DMZ de militarized Zone in Internet networking terms refers to computers that are available for both public and in network accesses such as a company s public Web server Packets incoming on a DMZ interface whether from a LAN or external source are subject to a set of protections that is in between public and private interfaces in terms of restrictiveness
113. onfiguration Reboot from Backup Configuration Reboot from Default Configuration Description Reboots the device using the current settings in permanent memory including any changes you just committed Reboots the device using settings stored in backup memory These are the settings that were in effect before you committed new settings in the current session Reboots the device to default settings provided by your ISP or the manufacturer Choosing this option erases any custom settings ATU R110 User Manual 5 Setting the LAN IP Address Terriers Note This chapter describes how to configure the interfaces on the ADSL Ethernet router that communicate with your LAN computers Bthemet If you are using the ADSL Ethernet router with multiple PCs on your LAN you must connect the LAN via an Ethernet hub to the device s LAN port called eth 0 If you are using a single PC with the ADSL Ethernet router you have two options for connecting it to the device You can connect the PC directly to the LAN port using a crossover Ethernet cable See Appendix C i roubleshootingj f a descn pi on o a OSSOVe ve SUS straight through Ethernet cables You must assign a unique IP address to each device port that you use The instructions that follow assume that the device has been preconfigured to operate in Routing mode which uses the IP protocol to determine how to exchange data among your PCs the device and your ISP
114. ons Description The ID assigned by the system to the IP session all sessions whether or not they are affected by an IP filter rule are assigned a session index The number of seconds in which the connection will automatically expire The underlying IP protocol used on the connection such as TCP UDP IGMP etc The interface on which the IP Filter rule is effective The IP addresses involved in the communication The first one shown is the initiator of the communication The hardware addresses of the ports involved in the communication The number of the IP Filter rule that is applies to this session assigned when the rule was created The action accept deny or unknown being taken on data coming into or going out on the interface This action is specified in the rule definition Provides a icon you can click on i to delete the IP session When you delete a session the communication between is discontinued You can click _Refresh to display newly accumulated data ATU R110 User Manual 19 Viewing DSL Parameters To view configuration parameters and performance statistics for the ATU R110j s D amp LIi nelog into Configuration Manager and then click the WAN tab The DSL Status page displays by default as shown in Figure 51 DSL Status This page displays OSL Status Information afc stro 10 Seconds Operational Status Loop Stop Last Failed Status 0x39 Startup Progress oxan Figure 51
115. ord and then click 0K 3 The first time you log into the program use these defaults 25 ATU R110 User Manual Default User Name root Default Password root You can change the password at any time see Changing Your Tote Login Password on page 22 The user name cannot be changed The System View page displays each time you log into the program shown in Figure 3 on page 27 ATU R110 User Manual Functional Layout Configuration Manager tasks are grouped into categories which you can access by clicking the tabs at the top of each page Each tab except for the Home tab which displays when you first log in displays the available tasks horizontally the top of the page You can click on these to display the specific configuration options Tab Task bar LAN Config DHCP Mode DHCP Server DHCP Relay LAN Configuration Ute this page te cet the LAN configuraton which determines how your device le identified on the network LAN COMPU Paco n Spstem Mode Routing LAN IP Address 192 tee j5l i239 ert G LAN Metwork Mask acc leso Ess lo A separate page displays for each task in the task bar The left most task displays by default when you click on a new tab The same task may appear in more than one tab when appropriate For example the LAN Config task displays in both the LAN tab and the Routing tab Commonly used buttons The following buttons are used throughout the application Button F
116. ork ID Host ID Here are some examples of valid IP addresses Class A 10 30 6 125 network 10 host 30 6 125 Class B 129 88 16 49 network 129 88 host 16 49 Class C 192 60 201 11 network 192 60 201 host 11 129 Definition mask ATU R110 User Manual Network classes The three commonly used network classes are A B and C There is also aclass D but it has a special use beyond the scope of this discussion These classes have different uses and characteristics Class A networks are the Internet s largest networks each with room for over 16 million hosts Up to 126 of these huge networks can exist for a total of over 2 billion hosts Because of their huge size these networks are used for WANs and by organizations at the infrastructure level of the Internet such as your ISP Class B networks are smaller but still quite large each able to hold over 65 000 hosts There can be up to 16 384 class B networks in existence A class B network might be appropriate for a large organization such as a business or government agency Class C networks are the smallest only able to hold 254 hosts at most but the total possible number of class C networks exceeds 2 million 2 097 152 to be exact LANs connected to the Internet are usually class C networks Some important notes regarding IP addresses E E The class can be determined easily from field1 field1 1 126 Class A field1 128 191 Class B field1 192
117. oth fields If you specify a range each address will be translated in sequence to a corresponding address in a range of global addresses which you specify in step 5 The address or range of addresses should correspond to a private addresses or addresses already in use on your network These may be assigned statically to your PCs or assigned dynamically using DHCP as discussed in the Quick Start In the Global Address From and Global Address To fields type the starting and ending address that identify the range of public IP addresses to translate your private addresses to Or type the same address in both fields if you also specified a single address in step 4 Specify a Destination Address or addresses Destination Port or ports or both You can specify a single value by entering that value in both fields Specify a destination address or range if you want this rule to apply only to outbound traffic to the address or range If you enter only the network ID portion of the destination address then the rule will apply to outbound traffic to all computers on network E E Specify a destination ports or range if you want this rule to apply to any outbound traffic to the types of servers identified by that port number For example if you do not specify a destination address but specify a Destination Port From To of 21 then this translation will occur on all accesses by your LAN to all external FTP servers th
118. p o mi ngf a a password The base two system of numbers that uses only two digits 0 and 1 to represent all numbers In binary the number 1 is written as 1 2 as 10 3 as 11 4 as 100 etc Although expressed as decimal numbers for convenience IP addresses in actual use are binary numbers e g the IP address 209 191 4 240 is 11010001 10111111 00000100 11110000 in binary See also bit IP address network mask Short for binary digit a bit is a number that can have two values 0 or 1 See also binary bits per second Passing data from your network to your ISP and vice versa using the hardware addresses of the devices at each location Bridging contrasts with routing which can add more intelligence to data transfers by using network addresses instead The ATU R110 can perform both routing and bridging Typically when both functions are enabled the device routes IP data and bridges all other types of data See also routing A telecommunications technology that can send different types of data over the same medium DSL is a broadband technology To send data to all computers on a network Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP automates address assignment and management When a computer connects to the LAN DHCP assigns it an IP address 139 DHCP relay DHCP server digital DNS domain name download DSL Ethernet filtering filtering rule firewall FTP ATU R110 User Manual from a shared pool o
119. page click in the Actions column for the interface you want to modify The ATM VCC Interface Modify page displays as shown in Figure 33 ATM YCC Interface Modify Basic Information VCC interface Figure 34 ATM VCC Interface Modify Page Enter the new VPI and VCI values select the MUX type or change the maximum number of protocols that the VCC can carry as directed by your ISP You cannot modify the interface type over which an existing VCC operates aal5 0 for example If you want to change the interface type you must delete the existing interface create a new one and select the desired interface type Click _Submit On the confirmation page click Close to return to the ATM VCC Configuration page Click the Admin tab and then click Commit amp Reboot in the task bar Click _Commit to save your changes to permanent memory You can verify that the new settings work by attempting to access the Internet from a LAN USB computer Contact your ISP for troubleshooting assistance ATU R110 User Manual 1 3 Configuring PPP Interfaces When powered on the ATU R110 initiates a connection through your DSL line to your ISP The point to point PPP protocol is commonly used between ISPs and their customers to identify and control various communication properties including Identifying the type of service the IS
120. protections defined in the software o A private interface connects to your LAN such as the Ethernet interface Packets received on a private interface are subject to a less restrictive set of protections because they originate within the network o The term DMZ de militarized zone in Internet networking terms refers to computers that are available for both public and in network accesses such as a company s public Web server Packets incoming on a DMZ interface whether from a LAN or external sourcej are subject to a level of protection that is in between those for public and private interfaces Lower interface EOA interfaces are defined in software and then associated with lower level software and hardware structures at the lowest level they are associated with a physical port the WAN port This field should reflect an interface name defined in the next lower level of software over which the EOA interface will operate This will be an ATM VCC interface such as aal5 0 as described in Chapter 12 ATU R110 User Manual Field Config IP Address and Net Mask Use DHCP Default Route Status Action Description The IP address and network mask you want to assign to the interface If the interface will be used for bridging with your ISP and you will not be using the ATU R110 as a router on your LAN then you do not need to specify IP information If you enable DHCP for this interface then the Configured IP addr
121. r 13 is the same as the binary number 1101 8 4 1 13 Bits and bytes Computers handle binary numbers by grouping them into units of distinct sizes The smallest unit is called a bit and the most commonly used unit is called a byte Abit is a single binary digit i e O or 7 Abyte is a group of eight consecutive bits the number of bits can vary with computers but is almost always eight e g 11011007 The value of a byte ranges from 0 00000000 to 255 11111111 The following shows the values of the eight digits in a byte along with a sample value 128 s 64 s 32 s 16 s 8 s 4 s 2 s 1 s 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 The decimal value of this byte is 173 128 32 8 4 1 173 133 ATU R110 User Manual C Troubleshooting This appendix suggests solutions for problems you may encounter in installing or using the ATU R110 and provides instructions for using several IP utilities to diagnose problems Contact Customer Support if these suggestions do not resolve the problem Problem LEDs Power LED does not illuminate after product is turned on LINK WAN LED does not illuminate after phone cable is attached LINK LAN LED does not illuminate after Ethernet cable is attached DIAG LED stays illuminated after turning the device on Internet Access PC cannot access Internet Troubleshooting Suggestion Verify that you are using the power cable provided with the device and that it is securely connected
122. r Manual The following table defines the fields in the IP Routing Table Field Destination Netmask NextHop lFName Route Type Route Origin Action Description Specifies the IP address of the destination computer The destination can specified as the IP address of a specific computer or an entire network It can also be specified as all zeros to indicate that this route should be used for all destinations for which no other route is defined this is the route that creates the default gateway Indicates which parts of the destination address refer to the network and which parts refer to a computer on the network Refer to Appendix 0 for an explanation of network masks The default gateway uses a netmask of 0 0 0 0 Specifies the next IP address to send data to when its final destination is that shown in the destination column Displays the name of the interface on the device through which data is forwarded to the specified next hop Displays whether the route is direct or indirect In a direct route the source and destination computers are on the same network and the router attempts to directly deliver the data to the computer In an indirect route the source and destination computers are on different networks and the router forwards data to a device on another network for further handling Displays how the route was defined Dynamic indicates that the route was created automatically or predefined by your IS
123. r accesses a web site the first page that is displayed is called the home page See also hyperlink web site A computer on the Internet that distributes information to and gets information from remote users through web browsers A web site typically consists of web pages that contain text graphics and hyperlinks See also hyperlink web page World Wide Web Also called the Web Collective term for all web sites anywhere in the world that can be accessed via the Internet
124. r subnets if you connect to two or more ISP services or if you connect to a remote corporate LAN ATU R110 User Manual Viewing the IP Routing Table All P enabled computers and routers maintain a table of IP addresses that are commonly accessed by their users For each of these destination IP addresses the table lists the IP address of the first hop the data should take This table is known as the device s routing table To view the ATU R110j sr odi ngtab di kthe Ruting tab The IP Route page displays by default as shown in Figure 28 IP Route Table This table lists IP addresses of Internet destinations commonly accessed by your network When a computer requests to send data to a listed destination the device uses the Next Hop to identify the first Internet router it should contact to route the data most efficiently 255 255 255 0 10 0 20 90 eth 0 Direct Dynamic m 255 255 255 255 127 0 0 1 ALL Direct Dynamic m 255 0 0 0 127 0 0 1 ALL Direct Dynamic m Figure 28 IP Route Table Page The IP Route Table displays a row for each existing route These include routes that were predefined on the device routes you may have added and routes that the device has identified automatically through communication with other devices The routing table should reflect a default gateway which directs outbound Internet traffic to your ISP This default gateway is shown in the row containing destination address 0 0 0 0 ATU R110 Use
125. reate the interface see the PPP configuration page for example A public interface typically connects to the Internet PPP EoA and IPoA interfaces are typically public Packets received on a public interface are subject to the most restrictive set of firewall protections defined in the software Typically the global setting for public interfaces is Deny so that all accesses to your LAN initiated from external computers are denied discarded at the public interface except for those allowed by a specific IP Filter rule A private interface connects to your LAN such as the Ethernet interface Packets received on a private interface are subject to a less restrictive set of protections because they originate within the network Typically the global setting for private interfaces is Accept so that LAN computers have access to the ADSL Ethernet routers Internet connection The term DMZ de militarized zone in Internet networking terms refers to computers that are available for both public and in network accesses Such aS a company s public Web server Packets received ona DMZ interface a whether from a LAN or external source are subject to a set of protections that is in between public and private interfaces in terms of restrictiveness The global setting for DMZ type interfaces may be set to Deny so that all attempts to access these servers are denied by default the administrator may then configure IP Filter rules to allow a
126. rfaces cccccceeeeee eee 93 Overview Of EOA c cccsccceseeeseeeeees Viewing Your EOA Setub 06 Adding EOA Interfaces ccccee Configuring IPoA Interfaces cccceeeeee eee 97 Viewing Your IPoA Interface Setup 16 17 18 19 20 Adding IPoA Interfaces c ccee Configuring BridQing ssscessseeeeseeeeeeees 101 Overview of Bridges ceeeeeee Using the Bridging Feature Defining Bridge Interfaces 5 Deleting a Bridge Interface Configuring Firewall Settings 00 105 Configuring Global Firewall Settings Managing the Black List 0008 Configuring IP Filt rs ccccseeeeseeeeeeeeees 109 OQVEIVICW nsi E Viewing Your IP Filter Configuration Configuring IP Filter Global Settings Creating IP Filter Rules 0 IP filter rule examples cccsceeeees Viewing IP Filter Statistics Managing Current IP Filter Sessions Viewing DSL Parameters cc ccceeeeeeeeees 123 Viewing System Alarms cccccccseeeeeeeeeees 127 Viewing the Alarm Table 6 Displaying the Alarm Monitor in a Separate b AT dlae 6 Seater ener Get eee ne eee tise eer Pee eee te Pee eRe ee eer 126 IP Addresses Network Masks and Subnet cccse0eee IP Addresses ccececessscecececcecseceee
127. rlying Ethernet over ATM EOA connection Typically this type of interface is used only in product development and test environments to eliminate unneeded variables when evaluating IP layer processing Viewing Your IPoA Interface Setup To configure an IPoA interface log into Configuration Manager click the WAN tab and then click IPoA in the task bar The IPoA page displays as shown in Figure 41 IPoA This Page is used to View 4dd and Delete IPod Interfaces Interface IPoA Type Lower Interface Peer IP Address IPF Type Confg IP Address Net Mask Status Action No IPod Interface Figure 41 IPoA Page The IPoA table contains a row for each EOA interface currently defined on the device The table may initially contain no entries The following table describes the fields on this page Field Description Interface The name the software uses to identify the IPoA interface IPoA Type Specifies whether or not the IPoA protocol to be used complies with the IEFT RFC 1577 Classical IP and ARP over ATM contact your ISP if unsure Lower interface IPoA interfaces are defined in software and then associated with lower level software and hardware structures at the lowest level they are associated with a physical port the WAN port This field should reflect an interface name defined in the next lower level of software over which the IPoA interface will operate This will be an ATM VCC interface such as aal5 0 as descri
128. rol Panel window and then click the Network icon 9 Select the network component labeled TCP IP and then Properties click If you have multiple TCP IP listings select the listing associated with your network card or adapter 10 Inthe TCP IP Properties dialog box click the IP Address tab 11 Click the radio button labeled Obtain an IP address automatically 12 Click the DNS Configuration tab and then click the radio button labeled Obtain an IP address automatically 13 Click Berm twice to confirm and save your changes You will be prompted to restart Windows 14 Click tie Windows NT4 0 workstations First check for the IP protocol and if necessary install it 1 Inthe Windows NT task bar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Inthe Control Panel window double click the Network icon 3 Inthe Network dialog box click the Protocols tab The Protocols tab displays a list of currently installed network protocols If the list includes TCP IP then the protocol has already been enabled Skip to step 9 4 If TCP IP does not display as an installed component click Add 5 Inthe Select Network Protocol dialog box select TCP IP and then click Uk You may be prompted to install files from your Windows NT installation CD or other media Follow the instructions to install the files After all files are installed a window displays to inform you that a TCP IP serv
129. s This rule will not be enforced for data that arrives on other PPP interfaces If you have multiple WAN interfaces and want the rule to be enforced on a range of them type the starting and ending IP addresses of the range When you have completed entering all information click Submit A page displays to confirm the change Click Close to return to the NAT Configuration page The new rule should display in the NAT Rule Configuration table Ensure that the Enable radio button is selected and then click _Submit A page displays to confirm your changes Click the Admin tab and then click Commit and Reboot in the task bar Terriers Note ATU R110 User Manual 11 Click _Commit to save your changes to permanent memory The rdr rule Allowing extemal access to a LAN computer You can create an rdr rule to make a computer on your LAN such as a Web or FTP server available to Internet users without requiring you to obtain a public IP address for that computer The computer s pi va el Padd essi str ang edt oyour puti cl P address in all incoming and outgoing data packets The following example illustrates using the rdr rule to provide external access to your web server Your ADSL Ethernet router receives a packet containing a request for access to your Web server The packet header contains the public address for your LAN as the destination IP address and a destination port number of 80 Because you have se
130. s multiples of 5 or 10 so that in the future you can insert a rule between two existing rules Once a data packet matches a rule the data is acted upon according to that rule and is not subjected to higher numbered rules From the IFName drop down list select the interface on the device to which this rule applies Typically NAT rules are used for communication between your LAN and the Internet Because the device uses the WAN interface which may be named ppp 0 or eoa 0 to connect your LAN to your ISP it is the usual IF Name selection In the Local Address From field and Local Address To fields type the starting and ending IP addresses respectively of the range of private address you want to be translated Or type the same address in both fields to specify a single value To specify that data from all LAN addresses should be translated type 0 zero in each From field and 255 in each To field If you have several non sequential private addresses you can create an additional napt rule for each address These addresses should correspond to private addresses already in use on your network either assigned statically to your PCs or assigned dynamically using DHCP as discussed in the Quick Start In the Global Address From and Global Address To fields type the public IP address assigned to you by your ISP If you have multiple WAN interfaces in both fields type the IP address of the interface to which this rule applie
131. sable Interface Name Action No Bridge Port Entries submit cancel I refresh I Herr Figure 43 Bridge Configuration page The table may be empty if bridging has not yet been configured 2 Select the interface names on which you want to perform bridging and click Add For example select eth 0 LAN and eoa 0 WAN interfaces If you do not have an eoa 0 interface but instead have an interface named ppp 0 or ipoa 0 your device is not currently configured with a WAN interface that allows bridging with your ISP You may want to check with your ISP to determine whether they use the eoa protocol See Chapter 14 for instructions on creating an EOA interface If you enable bridging on an interface that has already been assigned an IP address then it is considered I P enabled and will route rather than bridge IP packets received on the interface The interface will bridge non IP data it receives however You can determine whether the Ethernet eth 0 interfaces have been assigned IP addresses by displaying the IP Address Table display the Routing tab and then click IP Address These interfaces will display in the table only if they have been assigned IP addresses You can check whether the eoa 0 interface has been assigned an IP address by displaying the EOA configuration table click the WAN tab and then click EOA If the Config IP Address field is empty and the Use DHCP field contains the word Disable then no IP a
132. sic rule Performing 1 1 translations The filter rule Configuring a basic rule with additional criteria cceee The bimap rule Performing two way translations ensia The pass rule Allowing specific addresses to pass through untranslated Configuring DNS Server Addresses 67 About DNS aiioe Assigning DNS Addresses 06 Configuring DNS Relay c Configuring IP Routes c cccceseeeeeeeeeeeees 71 Overview of IP Routes cccccee 11 12 13 14 19 Comparing IP routing to telephone switching Hops and gatewayS cccscee Using IP routes to define default gateways Do need to define IP routes Viewing the IP Routing Table Adding IP ROutes ccscssseeseeenees Configuring the Routing Information F FOIOCOl voiet a 7 RIP Overview cccccececeseteeeteeseeseeeenes When should you configure RIP Configuring the ATU R110 s interface with RIP Viewing RIP Statistics ce Configuring the ATM VCC ccccseeeeeseeeeees 81 Viewing Your ATM VC Setup Adding ATM VOOS cccccesseeseeseeeees Modifying ATM VOCS cesceeseeseeees Configuring PPP Interfaces c ccccceeeeeees 85 Viewing Your Current PPP Configuration Viewing PPP Interface Details Adding a PPP Interface Derfinition Modifying and Deleting PPP Interfaces Configuring EOA Inte
133. sj Indicates whether the link is currently up or down or if a specific type of data exchange is under way e g password authorization or DHCP Actions You can use these icons to modify delete i and view additional details on the PPP interface Viewing PPP Interface Details When you click to view additional details the PPP Interface Detail page displays as shown in Figure 36 ATU R110 User Manual PPP Interface Detail Basic Information _ PPP Interface ppp O ATM vee aal5 0 ae IPF Type Public Status x Start Protocol PPPoE Service Mame _use Dhep Disable use ONS Enable Default Route lEnable Oper Status Link Down Last Fail Cause vc down PPP IP Status WAN IP Address o 0 0 0 Gateway IP Address 0 0 0 0 DNS 0 0 0 0 SONS 0 0 0 0 Secu rity Information Security Protocol PAP Login Name j guest close I Refresh I Hern Figure 36 PPP Detail Page In addition to the properties defined on page 88 the Detail page displays these fields Field Description Status Indicates whether the interface has been specified in the system as o Enabled A connection will be established for use when the device is turned on or rebooted o Disabled The PPP interface cannot currently be used o Start On Data The PPP connection will be made only whe
134. slation rule You can select ALL if the rule applies to all data Or select TCP UDP ICMP ora number from 1 255 that represents the IANA specified protocol number In the Local Address From and Local Address To fields type the same private IP address or the lowest and highest addresses in a range E E If you type the same IP address in both fields incoming traffic that matches the criteria you specify in steps 5 and 6 will be redirected to that IP address If you type a range of addresses incoming traffic will be redirected to any available computer in that range This option would typically be used for load balancing whereby traffic is distributed among several redundant servers to help ensure efficient network performance These addresses should correspond to private addresses already in use on your network either assigned statically to your PCs or assigned dynamically using DHCP as discussed in the Quick Start Part 2 In the Global Address From and Global Address To fields type the public IP address assigned to you by your ISP ATU R110 User Manual If you have multiple WAN PPP interfaces this rule will not be enforced for data that arrives on other PPP interfaces This rule will not be enforced for data that arrives on WAN interfaces not specified here If you have multiple WAN interfaces and want the rule to be enforced on more than one of them or all type the starting and ending IP addresses of the r
135. ss C network into four subnets the mask is 255 255 255 192 or 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 The two extra bits in field4 can have four values 00 01 10 11 so there are four subnets Each subnet uses the remaining six bits in field4 for its host IDs ranging from 0 to 63 Sometimes a subnet mask does not specify any additional network ID bits and thus no subnets Such a mask is called a default subnet mask These masks are Class A 255 0 0 0 Class B 255 255 0 0 Class C 255 255 255 0 These are called default because they are used when a network is initially configured at which time it has no subnets ATU R110 User Manual B Binary Numbers Definition binary numbers A Hint Definition bit and byte Binary Numbers In everyday life we use the decimal system of numbers In decimal numbers are written using the ten digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 and 9 Computers however do not use decimal Instead they use binary Just as each digit in a decimal number represents a multiple of 10 1 10 100 1000 10 000 etc each digit in a binary number represents a multiple of 2 1 2 4 8 16 etc For example Decimal Binary 1 000 s 100 s 10 s t s 8 s 1 aN k S 2s 10 s T s 4 s 2 s T s 1 3 1 0 1 Also since binary uses only two digits to represent all numbers a binary number has more digits than the same number in decimal In the example above you can see that the decimal numbe
136. sses that you have purchased from your ISP but are typically private addresses that you create LAN administrators often create private IP addresses for use only on their networks See Overview of NATj on pag 1 2 Log into Configuration Manager click the LAN tab and then click DHCP Server in the task bar The DHCP Server Configuration page displays DHCP Server Configuration Use this page if you are using the device as a DHCP server This page lists the IP address pools available to computers on your LAN The device distributes numbers in the pool to devices on your network as they request Internet access 192 168 1 10 0 0 192 168 2 2 Add Address Tabie Refresh B Hein Figure 10 DHCP Configuration Page Each pool you create displays in a row on the table on this page You can create up to eight pools however most users will need to create only one for their LAN 3 To add an IP address pool click nad The DHCP Server Pool Add page displays ATU R110 User Manual DHCP Server Pool Add DHCP Pool Information es a on Figure 11 DHCP Server Pool Add Page ATU R110 User Manual 4 Enter the Start IP Address End IP Address Net Mask and Gateway Address fields are required the others are optional The following table describes each field Field Start End IP Addresses Mac Address Net Mask Domain Name Gateway Address DNS SDNS Address Description Sp
137. t in the task bar 4 Click _ Commit to save your changes to permanent memory DNS addresses that are assigned to LAN PCs prior to enabling DNS relay will remain in effect until the PC is rebooted DNS relay will only take effect when a PC s DNS address is the LAN IP p address Note Similarly if after enabling DNS relay you specify a DNS address other than the LAN IP address in a DHCP pool or statically on a PC then that address will be used instead of the DNS relay address ATU R110 User Manual 1 0 Configuring IP Routes You can use Configuration Manager to define specific routes for your Internet and network data This chapter describes basic routing concepts and provides instructions for creating routes Note that most users do not need to define IP routes Overview of IP Routes The essential challenge of a router is when it receives data intended for a particular destination which next device should it send that data to When you define IP routes you provide the rules that a computer uses to make these decisions Comparing IP routing to telephone switching IP routing decisions are similar to those made by switchboards that handle telephone calls When you dial a long distance telephone number you are first connected to a switchboard operated by your local phone service carrier All calls you initiate go first to this main switchboard If the phone number you dialed is outside your calling area the switc
138. t up an rdr rule for incoming packets with destination port 80 the device recognizes the data as a request for Web server access The device changes the packet s destination address to the private IP address of your Web server and forwards the data packet to it Your Web server sends data packets in response Before the ADSL Ethernet router forwards them on to the Internet it changes the source IP address in the data packets from the Web server s private address to your LAN s public address To an external Internet user then it appears as if your Web server uses your public IP address Figure 22 shows the fields used to establish an rdr rule ATU R110 User Manual NAT Rule Add NAT Rule Information Rule Flavor ifName Protocol AMY Local Address From Local Address To Global Address From Global Address To Hestination Port From Hestination Port Ta Local Port Figure 22 NAT Rule Add Page rdr Flavor Follow these instructions to add an rdr rule see steps 1 4 under The napt rule on page 58 for specific instructions corresponding to steps 1 and 2 below 1 Display the NAT Rule Add Page select RDR as the Rule Flavor and enter a Rule ID Select the interface on which this rule will be effective Select a protocol to which this rule applies or choose ALL This selection specifies which type of Internet communication will be subject to this tran
139. te and Time Changing Your Login Password Committing Your Changes and Rebooting the DEVICE aA Committing your changes Rebooting the device using Configuration Manager tteti case eee Setting the LAN IP Address ccc seceeeee 32 EthemMmet seriens Configuring the LAN IP Address Viewing System IP Information and Performance StatiSticS cccccsceseeeeeeeeees 37 Viewing the ATU R110 Viewing IP Global Statistics Configuring Dynamic Host Configuration POLO CON scott sh secetin e sheccst ieee a 39 Overview of DHCP ccccseeeseeeees What iS DHCP ossessi Why use DHCP ceseeeceeenees 10 ATU R110 DHCP modes Configuring DHCP Servet 6 Viewing modifying and deleting address pools and excluding IP addresses from a DOOl siete bie See ca Viewing current DHCP address assignments Configuring DHCP Relay 0 Setting the DHCP Mode 00 Configuring Network Address Translation 49 Overview Of NAT ccccccsecseeseeeeeees Your Default NAT Setup Viewing NAT Global Settings and Statistics Viewing NAT Rules and Rule Statistics Viewing Current NAT Translations Adding NAT Rules c cccscceeeees The napt rule Translating between private and public IP addresses 5 The rdr rule Allowing external access to a LAN computer seceeeee The ba
140. the ur ID and user ID or password password Otherwise you can reset the device to the default configuration by pressing the Reset button on the back panel of the device using a pointed object such as apen tip Then type the default User ID and password shown above WARNING Resetting the device removes any custom settings and returns all settings to their default values Cannot access the Use the ping utility discussed in the following Configuration Manager section to check whether your PC can communicate program from your with the ATU R110j s LAN P addr ess by df aut browser 192 168 1 1 If it cannot check the Ethernet cabling Verify that you are using Internet Explorer v5 0 or later or Netscape Navigator v4 7 or later Support for JavascriptR must be enabled in your browser Support for JavaR may also be required Verify that the PCj sl P addr essi s ddi ned as ba ng m the same subnet as the IP address assigned to the LAN port on the ATU R110 Changes to Be sure to use the Commit function after any changes Configuration Manager This function is described on page 32 are not being retained ATU R110 User Manual Diagnosing Problem using IP Ullities ping Ping is acommand you can use to check whether your PC can recognize other computers on your network and the Internet A ping command sends a message to the computer you specify If the computer receives the message it sends messages in reply To use it you must know
141. ting private IP addresses to your public IP address NAT Chapter 8 o Setting up filtering rules that accept or deny incoming or outgoing data IP Filter Chapter 16 o Enabling router to router communication RIP Chapter 9 o Dynamic assignment or receipt of IP information DHCP Chapter 7 o Message forwarding based on Internet Group assignment IGMP not configurable Terrier Note ATU R110 User Manual Changing the System Date and Time The device keeps a record of the current date and time which it uses to calculate and report various performance data Changing the ATU R110 date and time does not affect the date and time on your PCs Follow these instructions to change the date and time 1 Atthe bottom of the System View page click _Modify The System Modify page displays in a separate browser window System Modify System Date amp Time Modification Date iar Ji 2000 Submit EE cance B Help Figure 4 System Modify Page 2 Use the drop down lists to select a new date and time 3 Click _Submit A page displays to confirm your change 4 Click _Close to return to the System View page Click the Admin tab and then click Commit amp Reboot in the task bar 6 Click _Commit to save your changes to permanent memory ATU R110 User Manual Changing Your Login Password The first time you l
142. to the ATU R110 and a wall socket power strip Verify that a standard telephone cable like the one provided is securely connected to the ADSL port and your wall phone jack Wait 30 seconds to allow the device to negotiate a connection with your ISP Verify that the Ethernet cable is securely connected to your LAN hub or PC and to the ATU R110 Make sure the PC and or hub is turned on Verify that you are using a straight through type Ethernet cable to the uplink port on a hub or a cross over type cable to a stand alone PC If you connected the device to an ordinary hub port not Uplink you must use a straight through cable Hold the connectors at each end of the cable side by side in the same position If the order of their color coded wire pairs is the same it is a straight through type Contact Customer Support if your cable is not the correct type Verify that your cable is sufficient for your network requirements A 100 Mbit sec network 10Base Ix should use cables labeled Cat 5 10Mbit sec cables may tolerate lower quality cables The DIAG LED should turn off after about 10 15 seconds If it does not turn off the ATU R110 wait 10 seconds and then turn it back on Use the ping utility discussed in the following section to check whether your PC can communicate with the ATU R110j s LAN P addr ess by df aut 192 168 1 1 If it cannot check the Ethernet cabling If you statically assigned a private IP address to the comput
143. twork Note that the bridge does not send the data directly to the receiving computer but broadcasts it to the receiving network making it available to any node on that network On the receiving network a LAN protocol such as Ethernet takes over helping the packet reaches its destination When the bridge does not recognize a packetj s desi ndi on hardware ID it broadcasts the packet through all of its interfaces j to each network it is attached to 103 Terriers Note ATU R110 User Manual Bridges vs Routers The essential difference between a bridge and a router is that a router uses a higher level protocol such as the IP to determine how to pass data IP data packets contain IP addresses that specifically identify the destination computer Routers can read this information and pass the data to the destination computer or determine which next router to send the data to if the destination is not on a connected network Bridges cannot read IP information but instead refer to the hardware ID of the destination computer which is also included in data packets The hardware ID is a unique number that the manufacturer assigns to each piece of hardware it sells A bridge learns to recognize the hardware IDs accessible through each of its ports When it receives a packet the bridge simply forwards the packet through the port it associates with the given hardware ID or through all its ports if it does not recognize the ID The har
144. tworks and an even higher grade called Category ATU R110 User Manual upstream VC VCI VPI WAN Web browser Web page Web site WWW 5 CAT 5 is used for 100BASE T networks See also 10BASE T 100BASE T Ethernet The direction of data transmission from the user to the Internet Virtual Circuit A connection from your ADSL router to your ISP Virtual Circuit Identifier Together with the Virtual Path Identifier VPI the VCI uniquely identifies a VC Your ISP will tell you the VCI for each VC they provide See also VC Virtual Path Identifier Together with the Virtual Circuit Identifier VCI the VPI uniquely identifies a VC Your ISP will tell you the VPI for each VC they provide See also VC Wide Area Network Any network spread over a large geographical area such as a country or continent With respect to the ATU R110 WAN refers to the Internet A software program that uses Hyper Text Transfer Protocol HTTP to download information from and also upload to web sites and displays the information which may consist of text graphic images audio or video to the user Web browsers use Hyper Text Transfer Protocol HTTP Popular web browsers include Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer See also HTTP web site WWW A web site file typically containing text graphics and hyperlinks cross references to the other pages on that web site as well as to pages on other web sites When a use
145. um of the metric values assigned to each port through which data is passed before reaching the destination Among several ATU R110 User Manual Terriers Note Terrien Note alternative routes the one with the lowest hop count is considered the fastest path For example if you assign this port a metric of 1 then RIP will add 1 to the hop count when calculating a route that passes through this port If you know that communication via this interface is slower than through other interfaces on your network you can assign it a higher metric value than the others You can select any integer from 1 to 15 Select a Send Mode and a Receive Mode The Send Mode setting indicates the RIP version this interface will use when it sends its route information to other devices The Receive Mode setting indicates the RIP version s in which information must be passed to the ATU R110 in order for it to be accepted into its routing table RIP version 1 is the original RIP protocol Select RIP1 if you have devices that communicate with this interface that understand RIP version 1 only RIP version 2 is the preferred selection because it supports i d as essj laddresses which are used to create subnets and other features Select RIP2 if all other routing devices on the autonomous network support this version of the protocol Click Add The new RIP entry will display in the table Click the Enable radio button to enable the RIP feature
146. unction Stores in temporary system memory any changes you have made on the current page See Committing your changes on pege32 for instructions on storing changes permanently Submit Redisplays the current page with updated Refresh eins Statistics When accumulated statistics are displaying this Clear oe a ates button resets the statistics to their initial values l Launches the online help for the current topic in a Help separate browser window Help is available from any main topic page eeg l ATU R110 User Manual The Home Tab and System View Table The Home Tab displays when you first access the program Only one topic page ji Home tab the System View page is available on the System View Use this page to get the summary on the existing configuration of your device Name HIW Version S W Version Serial Number Mode up Time Time Time Zone OST ppp 0 PPPoE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 aal5 0 0 35 Titanium Operational Status Ww Startup Handshake 810012 Last State 0x16 VIK 1 35 020320d Standard G dmt 12345678 ee _ Dom _ _ Routing Speed Latency Speed Latency 0 1 27 0 Kbps 0 Kbps Thu Jan 01 00 01 27 1970 GMT l OFF 00 85 40 01 01 00 192 168 1 1 255 255 255 a Auto Auto 192 168 1 2 255 255 255 0 V outside V inside Figure 3 System View Page The System View table provides a snapshot of your system configuration and provi
147. w a set of other devices that can help pass the data intelligently If it cannot determine which of these devices provides a good next hop because no such route has been defined then that device will forward the data to its default gateway Eventually a high level device using a predefined IP route will be able to forward the data along a path to its destination Do I need to define IP routes Most users do not need to define IP routes On a typical small home or office LAN the existing routes that set up the default gateways for your LAN computers and for the ATU R110 provide the most appropriate path for all your Internet traffic On your LAN computers a default gateway directs all Internet traffic to the LAN port on the ATU R110 Your LAN computers know their default gateway either because you assigned it to them when you modified their TCP IP properties or because you configured them to receive the information dynamically from a server whenever they access the Internet Each of these processes Is described in the Quick Start instructions Part 2 E E Onthe ATU R110 itself a default gateway is defined to direct all outbound Internet traffic to a router at your ISP This default gateway is assigned automatically by your ISP whenever the device negotiates an Internet connection The process for adding a default route is described on page 77 You may need to define routes if your home setup includes two or more networks o
148. with your Internet service provider ISP These instructions provide a basic configuration that should be compatible with your home or small office network setup Refer to the subsequent chapters for additional configuration instructions Part1 Connecting the Hardware In Part 1 you connect the device to the phone jack the power outlet and your computer or network A WARNING Figure 1 illustrates the hardware connections The layout of the ports on your device may vary from the layout shown Refer to the Steps that follow for specific instructions 13 ATU R110 User Manual ADSL Ethernet Bridge Router ADSL Power Adapter Va ADSL Outlet Phone Cable Power Outlet Crossover Ethernet Cable 10 100BaseT Ethernet Network Hub Straight through Ethernet Cable Figure 1 Overview of Hardware Connections Step 1 C onnectthe ADSL cable and optional telephone Connect one end of the provided phone cable to the port labeled ADSL on the rear panel of the device Connect the other end to your wall phone jack You can attach a telephone line to the device This is helpful when the ADSL line uses the only convenient wall phone jack If desired connect the telephone cable to the port labeled PHONE A WARNING ATU R110 User Manual Step 2 Connect the Ethemet cable If you are connecting a LAN to the ATU R110 ADSL Ethernet router attach one end of a provided Ethernet cable to a regular
149. wledge of binary numbers bits and bytes For details on this subject see Appendix 0 IP addresses the Internet s version of telephone numbers are used to identify individual nodes computers or devices on the Internet Every IP address contains four numbers each from 0 to 255 and separated by dots periods e g 20 56 0 211 These numbers are called from left to right field1 field2 field3 and field4 This style of writing IP addresses as decimal numbers separated by dots is called dotted decimal notation The IP address 20 56 0 211 is read twenty dot fifty six dot zero dot two eleven Structure of an IP address IP addresses have a hierarchical design similar to that of telephone numbers For example a 7 digit telephone number starts with a 3 digit prefix that identifies a group of thousands of telephone lines and ends with four digits that identify one specific line in that group Similarly IP addresses contain two kinds of information Network ID Identifies a particular network within the Internet or intranet E E Host ID Identifies a particular computer or device on the network The first part of every IP address contains the network ID and the rest of the address contains the host ID The length of the network ID depends on the network s class see following section Table 3 shows the structure of an IP address Table 3 IP Address structure Class A Network ID Host ID Class B Network ID Host ID Class C Netw

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