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P& T VEDIT USER`S MANUAL

1. INSERT NEW DISK AND TYPE RETURN This is the normal prompt for inserting a new disk with the EC command VEDIT Visual Editor Page 114 Appendix D VEDIT Notes We are interested in hearing from users about any changes or additions they would like to see in VEDIT or even just information about their applicatione We are also interested in suggestions regarding this manual Each suggestion will receive personal attention and helpful suggestions have a good chance of being incorporated in future releases since we are continuously expanding the features of VEDIT Currently we know of the following limitations to VEDIT 1 Lines longer than 258 characters not including the CR LF are not conveniently handled in visual mode When the cursor is on such a line only the first 258 characters will be displayed The line may be broken into smaller lines by deleting two characters with the Back Space typing RETURN to split the line in two and typing in the two deleted characters again Alternately enter command mode and give the command I lt CR gt 2 The text being edited can contain characters which have their high order bit Bit 7 set These are displayed unmodified meaning that they will show up in reverse video The character with a value of FF hex 255 decimal should not be used because VEDIT will compress it out when performing the S command VEDIT Visual Editor Page 115 Appendix E Preconfigured Keyboard
2. CURSOR DOWN CURSOR RIGHT CURSOR LEFT BACK TAB TAB CURSOR ZIP LINE TOGGLE NEXTLINE SCROLL UP SCROLL DOWN Page 50 Cursor Movement Move the cursor to character in the text buffer the very first Move the cursor text buffer to the very last character in the Move the cursor up one line to the same horizontal position if possible If the position is beyond the end of the line move to the end of the line if the position is in the middle of a tab move to the end of the tab If there is no line it won t move Move the cursor down one line to the same horizontal position if possible The same rules as for CURSOR UP apply Move the cursor to the next character in the text If currently at end of line move to beginning of next line If there is no line don t move Move the cursor to the previous character in the text If currently at beginning of line move to end of previous line If there is no line don t move Move the cursor to the first position in the current screen line If cursor is already at the first position move to beginning of previous screen line Move the cursor to the character at the next tab position If cursor is at the end of a line don t move Note that this only moves the cursor use the TAB key to insert a Tab character Move the cursor to the end of the text line the cursor is on If it already is at the end of a line it moves to the
3. Disk Buffering in Visual Mode In visual mode the disk buffering can perform automatic Read and Write to handle files which are larger than the size of available main memory Specifically if the current screen display reaches the end of the text buffer and the entire input file has not yet been read Forward Disk Buffering is performed Auto buffering in the backward direction is performed when the cursor is at the beginning of the text and you type HOME Therefore typing HOME HOME from anywhere in the text will perform backward disk buffering reading back text which has already been written to the Output file Nothing will happen if there is no text to read back in or if backward disk buffering was not enabled during customization or with the ES command The amount that VEDIT will buffer backwards is set by Task 6 2 during the customization This is generally between 4 and 14 Kbytes To move back further in the file just repeat the HOME function VEDIT will also begin to write out the text buffer auto write if the memory becomes full while the user is typing in more text At this point VEDIT will attempt to write the first 1K text bytes to the output file If no output file is open or the cursor is within the first 1K of the text buffer no writing occurs and the FULL message appears on the status line Both the auto buffering and the auto write may be disabled by the Auto Buffering in Visual Mode switch The command
4. Inserts the command line EP 7 70 lt ESC gt into the text including an lt enter gt VEDIT Visual Editor Page 75 Command Mode Detailed Command Description Example Description Notes See Also Examples Example Description Notes See Also Examples mK Kill 4K 3K OK This command performs a line oriented deletion or killing of text A positive m deletes all characters from the current edit pointer and up to and including the m th LF Hence the command K deletes all text from the cursor to the end of the text buffer A negative m deletes all characters preceding the edit pointer on the current line and the m preceding lines If m is 0 all characters preceding the edit pointer on the current line are deleted Fewer than m lines will be killed if either end of the text buffer is reached Command D T Ftemp line 0LK Kills all lines which contain the string temp line 10000K Kills all text before the edit pointer P K Saves all text following the edit pointer in the text register and then deletes it from the buffer mL Lines 120L 14L OL This command performs a line oriented movement of the edit pointer always leaving it at the beginning of a line If m is positive the edit pointer is left following the m th lt LF gt If m is negative the edit pointer is left at the beginning of the m
5. O NO 1 YES 1 This determines whether the difference between upper and lower case letters is ignored We suggest you set this to Yes A search for the will then also find The THE etc CLEAR SCREEN ON VISUAL EXIT 0 NO 1 YES 0 This determines whether the screen is cleared when Visual Mode is exited to Command Mode For most applications you will want to answer No REVERSE UPPER amp LOWER CASE 0 NO 1 YES 0 This determines whether the case of all letters typed on the keyboard will be reversed ie upper case is converted to lower case and vice versa Only in very unusual situations would you want to do this so respond with 0 VEDIT Visual Editor Page 102 Appendix A Customizing VEDIT 4 8 4 9 4 10 4 11 4 12 4 13 IGNORE SEARCH ERRORS 0 NO l YES 0 This switch should normally be off Otherwise there will be no message if a Find or Substitute is unsuccessful This switch can be set with the ES command prior to executing some types of command macros USE EXPLICIT TEXT DELIMITERS 0 NO 1 YES 0 This switch if set ON allows you to delimit each string in commands such as Substitute or Find with any character The most commonly used ones are or but any character may be used We suggest turning this switch OFF initially because almost none of our examples use this feature It may be set with the ES command before you begin issuing other commands CURSOR
6. lt LF gt and lt TAB gt which are in the text are displayed in the common CP M format by preceding the letter with an Up Arrow The control function NEXT CHAR LITERAL allows any control character except lt CTRL Z gt which is not allowed by CP M to be inserted into the text Alternately the command mode EI command can be used to insert control and special characters which cannot be produced by the keyboard Performing Edit Functions The edit functions fall into two categories Cursor Movements and Visual Functions The cursor movement keys only move the cursor to some other position in the text and do not actually change the text The cursor may be moved forward and backward by a character a line or a screen at a time One position in the text may be remembered with an invisible marker which allows the cursor to be directly moved back to this position These and other movements are individually described later in this section Some of the visual functions perform delete operations while others change the Insert mode change the indentation manipulate the text register and print text Provided that the cursor has not been moved from the current line the line can usually be restored to its original form before any deletions or insertions were made by using the UNDO function VEDIT Visual Editor Page 44 Visual Mode Properties The Repeat Function Often it is desirable to repeat a typed character such as or
7. third Z 100LFend Find the word end if it occurs in the last 100 lines of the text buffer F fix up V Finds the next occurrence of the string fix up and enters Visual mode Any changes can be made in Visual mode When Visual mode is exited the next occurrence of fix up is found and so on F V The next occurrence of the previous specified string is found and visual mode is then entered VEDIT Visual Editor Command Mode Detailed Command Description Example Description Notes See Also Examples G Page 73 This command inserts a copy of the text register at the current edit pointer If there is insufficient memory space for the entire copy nothing is inserted and an error message is given If the text register is empty nothing is inserted The contents of the text register are not affected by this command The P command or visual mode is used to place text in the text register Commands P Visual Mode Text Register BG 12 G 132P 132K EAS 10LG Inserts the contents of the text register at the very beginning of the text buffer Inserts the contents of the text register twelve times at the current edit pointer Moves 132 lines of text by saving it in the text register killing the original lines and inserting the text after the tenth line of the file in the situation where the beginning of the file is no longer in the text buffer VEDIT Visual Ed
8. Move the edit pointer by m lines beginning of that line Search for the n th occurrence of string and perform auto disk buffering to read more of the file from disk if necessary The edit pointer is positioned after last string if found else not moved or left at the beginning of the text buffer Put m lines of text into empties the text register the text register OP VEDIT Visual Editor Page 66 Brief Command Description Ss1 lt ESC gt s2 lt ESC gt Search for the next occurrence of sl within the mT nW 0W text buffer and if found change to 82 Print type m lines Print of free bytes remaining bytes in text buffer bytes in text register Go into visual mode Set cursor position from current edit pointer Write n lines to the disk from the beginning of the text buffer and delete from the text buffer 0W writes out the text buffer up to the current line Write all lines from the edit pointer to end of text buffer to the VEDIT REV file This makes more memory space free Move the edit pointer past the last character in the text buffer SPECIAL CHARACTERS lt CTRL Q gt The search wildcard character Each will match any character in the text being searched For F N and S commands Literal character Next character usually a control character is taken literally and not interpreted Allows searching and inserting of con
9. or NO DIR SPACE error see the heading Disk Write Error Recovery for the procedure to save your file Commands EA EB EF EQ EW EY VEDIT FILE TXT The editor is invoked in the normal way vss to edit a file in visual mode The new EX file is then saved on disk EY Finish Edit Session EY This command writes out the file being edited to disk and closes it in preparation for editing another file First the text buffer is written to the Output file Any unread portions of the input file at then transferred to the Output file and the Output file closed All file backup and renaming of files is done as with the EF command This command is equivalent to EX but without leaving the editor The error NO OUTPUT FILE is displayed if no output file is open See notes for EF and EX commands Commands EX EF EF EBnewfile txt The current file is saved on disk and editing on a new file NEWFILE TXT initiated VEDIT Visual Editor Page 96 Appendix A Customizing VEDIT CUSTOMIZING VEDIT Customization is the process of installing VEDIT on your computer in order to adapt it to your particular CRT terminal or video board and your preference in keyboard layout It also allows you to set various VEDIT parameters according to your applications The customization is menu driven You can easily perform some aspects of the customization and leave all other aspects at their previously set or default values You therefore do
10. or to insert the register the message FULL will appear on the status line and no text will have been moved or copied Printing Text VEDIT can print out any portion of the text which is currently in the main text buffer This can be done from both the visual and the command modes of the editor It is easiest to do in visual mode and is similar to the method of moving text to the text register First the cursor is positioned at one end of the text to be printed _ and the PRINT TEXT function key pressed This is ESC P in the example keyboard layout Next the cursor is positioned at the other end of the text to be printed and the PRINT TEXT pressed again which causes the text to be printed To print the entire text move VEDIT Visual Editor Page 47 Visual Mode Properties the cursor to the beginning and end of the text with the HOME and ZEND functions and type PRINT TEXT at each end The printing can be aborted by typing a CTRL C Many printers use control characters or escape sequences to control such things as character size font style and overstrike These special control sequences can be imbedded directly into the text using the NEXT CHAR LITERAL function or the EI command Inserting Control Characters VEDIT can insert control characters into the text These may be special printer control characters the ESC character or control characters for other purposes Only CTRL Z cannot be inserted because it is us
11. the text at the cursor position ENTERING COMMAND MODE Besides the Visual Mode in which all editing is done on the screen at the cursor position VEDIT has a command mode where all editing is done by typing in commands which are always ended by typing the lt ESC gt key twice The command mode is definitely not as easy to use as the visual mode but fortunately you don t need to know very much of it in order to use VEDIT very successfully One thing you do have to know is how to enter command mode in order to end the edit session This is done by typing the control code for VISUAL ESCAPE Go ahead and try it The screen will scroll up one line and the command mode prompt will appear below the status line The command to enter visual mode is V and since all commands end in lt ESC gt lt ESC gt you should type the V and the lt ESC gt or Escape key twice to get back into visual mode Notice that the cursor is at the same position in the text but not necessarily on the screen as it was when you exited visual mode SWITCHING FROM VISUAL MODE TO COMMAND MODE Function to exit visual mode VISUAL into command mode Edit ESCAPE Pointer takes on last position of cursor Same as above but does VISUAL not abort any command i EXIT such as a global search VEDIT Visual Editor Visual Mode Task Tutorial Page 34 SWITCHING FROM COMMAND MODE TO VISUAL MODE Command to enter visual V mode The text register is p
12. when preparing tables or to repeat an edit function such as PAGE DOWN in order to move quickly through the file These can be performed by the the REPEAT function wot When the REPEAT key is pressed a 4 will appear in the left side of the status line This is the repeat value Pressing REPEAT again will increase the value to 16 and pressing it again a value of 64 If you want any other repeat value you can simply type it in i e 70 Allowable values are between 00 and 255 The number will be blank for a value of 00 Once the repeat value is correct simply type the displayable character or the edit function which is to be repeated For example to create the top of a box consisting of 50 a type REPEAT 50 and Or to delete 16 lines type REPEAT REPEAT ERASE LINE With VEDIT s interruptable screen updating only the final screen will be shown when using the REPEAT key Since some operations such as deleting a line may take a second to perform on a very large file you may notice some delay when using the Repeat function If you are deleting more than 20 lines it may be quicker to use the K command in command mode While the repeated function is being executed the cursor will remain on the status line If for some reason you want to abort the repeated function you can do so by typing ESC and the Space key This is not customizable The Tab Character One displayable character which acts a l
13. you edit the file by performing two basic types of operations entering new text or performing edit functions by typing control codes All the letters numbers and other normal characters on your keyboard can be directly entered as new text Go ahead and try typing a few words in right now Notice that as each character is typed it appears at the cursor position and the cursor then moves to the right If there already were characters on the line you have just overwritten them You will soon see that it is just as easy to insert characters without overwriting The control codes are used to perform the various editing functions The keyboard layout that you have customized determines which editing function each control code performs Control codes can be control characters such as lt CTRL S gt escape sequences such as ESC P or a function key on your keyboard Editing Functions TIE eam cy TR 9008 GINO eee te Oa SE SD SEE STU HO UEP COED OED The editing functions in the visual mode break down into two categories One type are the Cursor movement functions which only move the cursor around on the screen and scroll the screen to display different parts of the file but do not change the file in any way Look at the keyboard layout you are using and try typing the control codes for some of the cursor movement functions such as UP DOWN RIGHT and LEFT The following pages describe all of the cursor movements and you are advised to br
14. 0 NO l YES 0 Instead of inserting the tab character into the file spaces to the next tab position are inserted when the TAB CHARACTER function is typed This is useful if another program interacting with your file doesn t interpret tab characters at the same tab positions Since many spaces use up extra disk space don t turn this switch on unless you need to _ a VEDIT Visual Editor Page 101 Appendix A Customizing VEDIT 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 AUTO BUFFERING IN VISUAL MODE O NO 1 YES 2 AND BACKWARD 1 Auto buffering is described in section l of this manual You may select no auto buffering 0 auto buffering only in the forward direction 1 or auto buffering in both the forward and backward direction 2 Consider the advantages and disadvantages of backward file buffering before selecting option 2 We recommend option 1 during customization BEGIN IN VISUAL MODE 0 NO 1 YES 1 This determines whether VEDIT starts in Visual or Command Mode We suggest you set this switch to Yes POINT PAST TEXT REGISTER INSERT 0 NO 1 YES 1 This determines whether the cursor or Edit Pointer in Command Mode will be positioned at the beginning or the end of text inserted from the text register We suggest that you initially set this switch to Yes After some practice with the text register you will know which way you prefer it IGNORE UPPER LOWER CASE DISTINCTION IN SEARCH
15. 8 set or escape sequences The customization process determines which edit function the control codes perform Unused control codes are ignored in visual mode It is possible to also insert any control character into the text The edit functions either move the cursor or perform a visual function VEDIT s interruptable screen updating allows the screen to be updated in the fastest way possible when you are performing rapid screen changes You do not have to wait for the screen to finish updating before you continue editing Operations such as PAGE DOWN require the entire screen to be updated If you type another PAGE DOWN while the screen is being updated VEDIT will interrupt the unwanted update and restart to display the most current screen VEDIT therefore does not necessarily update the screen in the order in which you perform edit changes It will skip the intermediate screen displays and go directly the current screen display Entering New Text When a normal text character is typed it appears on the screen at the current cursor position and the cursor then moves to its right VEDIT has two modes for inserting new text NORMAL and INSERT mode When a text character is typed in NORMAL mode it appears at the cursor position and any character which was there is simply overwritten In INSERT mode no character is ever overwritten but rather is squeezed to the right when a new character is typed at its position In either mode a ne
16. Disk Buffering A N W EA EQ EX EY File Handling EB EC ED EF EG EK ER EW Switch and Tab Set EP ES ET Additionally the V command enters the visual mode and the U command prints three memory usage numbers Which Mode to Use for What The visual mode is designed to satisfy the majority of all editing needs The bulk of editing consists of inserting new text correcting typos and making revisions which includ s moving blocks of text around These are all readily handled in visual mode and are best done in that mode There is probably a three to one time savings in inserting new text and correcting the typos in visual mode over command mode There is probably a ten to one time savings in making the revisions in visual mode compared to command mode even assuming you are very practiced with the commands Any edit operation which can be performed in visual mode can also be performed in command mode However straight forward modifications insertions and deletions are much easier done in the visual mode Unless they are part of iteration macros the equivalent of the L C T D and I commands are best done in visual mode Command mode is most useful in searching for text in the file performing repetitive edit changes using macros and for extensive file handling Searching is used to directly access a particular word or string in the file Most macros center around searching for a string and then performing
17. ES 2 0 will turn off all auto buffering The command ES 2 1 will enable forward auto buffering The command ES 2 2 will enable both forward and reverse auto buffering Details of the End of Lines Each text line is assumed to end in a lt CR gt lt LF gt pair as is required for other CP M programs and the lt LF gt is the true delimiter of text lines Typing the lt enter gt or lt CR gt key inserts a lt CR gt lt LF gt pair at the cursor position Deleting the end of a line will delete both the lt CR gt and the lt LF gt Although VEDIT in visual mode will never create a line ending in just a lt CR gt or lt LF gt such lines are handled in visual mode although displayed differently Such lines can be created in command mode If a line ends in only a lt LF gt the next line will be displayed with a starting position directly below the end of the previous line If a line contains a lt CR gt not followed by a lt LF gt the character following the lt CR gt will be displayed in the reserved column of the same screen line and the rest of the characters will overwrite previous characters This is not very eloquent but is also what most terminals will do Such lines may be corrected by deleting the offending lone lt CR gt or lt LF gt with the DEL key and then inserting the lt CR gt lt LF gt pair with the lt enter gt key VEDIT Visual Editor Visual Mode Edit Functions HOME ZEND CURSOR UP
18. FOR TRANSFER For 6 1 For 6 2 20K 2048 3 24K 2048 4 28K 3072 5 32K 4096 6 36K 5120 7 40K 5120 8 44K 6144 9 48K 6144 10 52K 7168 11 56K 7168 12 60K 8192 13 64K 8192 14 Minimum system size 20K 1 K byte is a unit of 1024 bytes 1024 2 Ha 10 For CP M systems the memory size is the CP M size which should be on your CP M disk label or displayed when you first boot Do not make the Spare Memory for Auto Read more than two times larger than the value given in the table or it may produce a non operational editor This value represents the number of bytes free in the text buffer AFTER a file larger than available memory space is read For example in a 64K system the available memory is about 46K If the table value of 8192 was chosen and a very large file edited VEDIT would initially read in the first 38K of the file leaving 8192 bytes free This extra space is available for insertion of new material Use the U command to verify actual free space See Customization Notes for more details SIZE IN DECIMAL OF FILE MOVE TRANSFERS IN K BYTES Cho cor amo buf ose the value from column 3 of the above table which responds to your memory size This parameter sets the unt of the file read into the text buffer during auto fering The number entered must be in the range 1 32 VEDIT Visual Editor l Page 105 Appendix A Customizing VEDIT STEP 6 3 6 4 6 5 DO YOU WISH TO USE DEFAULT T
19. Macros e e o Text Register o o Printing Texte s s ee SN te ee Disk Buffering in Command Mode Disk Write Error Recovery Command Line Editing Brief Command Description Detailed Command Description Appendices A mo OW i Customizing VEDIT What is Customization When is Customization Necessary e e e How to Perform Customization Customization Notes VEDIT Checksum Keyboard Layout A Word About The Keyboard e Memory Size Parameters Command Reference e o Error Messages VEDIT notes ef o Preconfigured Keyboard Layout PET 42 42 43 44 44 45 46 46 47 47 48 49 49 50 52 54 55 55 55 57 60 60 60 62 64 65 69 96 96 96 97 107 107 107 109 109 110 112 114 115 Page 2 VEDIT Visual Editor Page 3 Introduction Introduction to VEDIT VEDIT is an editor designed to take full advantage of a CRT display to make editing of a file as fast and easy as possible The main feature of VEDIT is its visual mode editing which continuously displays a region of the user s file on the screen and allows any changes made to the screen display to become the changes in the file The screen display is changed by moving the displayed cursor to any place in the file and making necessary changes by typing in new text or pressing a function key The
20. Normal mode and the displayable characters you typed overwrote any existing characters When you switch to Insert mode you will see the word INSERT on the status line and any character at the cursor position will be squeezed to the right when you type in new characters Try it to see the difference between the two modes You may be wondering about how to insert entire lines into the text To start a new line you simply type the lt enter gt key If the cursor is at the end of a line this opens up a blank line on the screen on which you can enter text If you enter a lot of new lines one after another the screen will automatically scroll to keep up with you If the cursor is in the middle of a line when you type lt enter gt the line is split into two lines with the character at the cursor position and all following characters moving to the new line With the DELETE function explained in a few pages you can also concatenate lines together Operation Command Sequence Entering text into the NONE Move cursor wherever text buffer beginning you like and begin typing an empty file or contin What you see is what you get uing at the end of a file Overtyping typing over 1 Position cursor over first existing text character to be overtyped 2 Retype Inserting new characters 1 INSERT Watch for Insert in between existing a prompt on status characters l l line gt 2 Type new text 3 INSERT Insert
21. OLT Alternate form of above command Explicit terminators can now be used without prefix Sname smith V Change the next occurrence of name to smith and enter into Visual mode Any changes can be made in Visual mode and when Visual mode is exited the next occurrence of name will be searched and so on Sgarbage Deletes all occurrences of the string l garbage from the rest of the text buffer VEDIT Visual Editor l Page 79 Command Mode Detailed Command Description Example Description Notes See Also Examples Example Description Notes See Also Examples mT Type 14T 6T OT This command types out displays the specified lines If m is positive all characters from the edit pointer up to and including the m th lt LF gt are typed If m is negative the previous m lines and all characters up to just preceding the edit pointer are typed out If m is 0 only the characters on the present line preceding the edit pointer are typed out Fewer than m lines will be typed out if either end of the text buffer is reached Note that OTT will display the current line regardless of the position of the edit pointer on it This command does not move the edit pointer This command is most useful in iteration macros for displaying selected lines Visual mode should be used for looking at sections of a file Fmoney OTT Types out every
22. back if there is no Output file or it is empty No indication is given if fewer than n lines were appended Use the U command to see if anything was appended If the text buffer is completely full the text register cannot be used and visual mode will not work well Commands U W EB EG ER Automatic Disk Buffering ERTEXT DOC OASS The file TEXT DOC is opened and all of the file is read in or until the memory is almost full 0A Read as much of the Output file as will fit back into the beginning of the text buffer VEDIT Visual Editor Page 70 Command Mode Detailed Command Description Example Description Notes See Also Examples Example Description Notes See Also Examples B Beginning B This command moves the edit pointer to the beginning of the text buffer The beginning of the text buffer will not be the beginning of the text file if a W command or an auto write was done In this case use the EA command or backward disk buffering to move back to the beginning of the text file Commands EA Z Backward Disk Buffering B12T Moves the edit pointer to the beginning of the text buffer and types the first 12 lines mC Change 12C 4C This command moves the edit pointer by m character positions forwards if m is positive and backwards if m is negative The edit pointer cannot be moved beyond the beginning or the end of the text bu
23. command performs all the reading and writing to finish editing and saving a file without leaving the editor The N command can perform forward disk buffering to find occurrences of a string anywhere in the file These commands operate regardless of the setting of the Auto Buffering in Visual Mode switch As described earlier backward disk buffering is accomplished by writing text from the end of the text buffer to the temporary VEDIT REV file and reading back text already written to the Output file VEDIT can perform this disk buffering automatically in visual mode Commands are also provided for you to do this manually in command mode Because of the complexity of these commands we suggest you not use them until you are thoroughly familiar with all other aspects of VEDIT s file handling The nA and 0A commands allow text which has already been written to the Output file to be read back into the text buffer nA will read n lines back from the output file or until the text buffer is full or the output file is empty 0A will read lines back until the text buffer is nearly full or the output file is empty The 0W command will write text from the current edit pointer cursor position to the end of the text buffer out to the temporary VEDIT REV file The 0W command will also open the VEDIT REV file if necessary Its only purpose is to make more memory space available for performing the nA command or any other
24. deleted from the text buffer 23T 23P The text lines are typed for verification before they are saved in the text register VEDIT Visual Editor Page 78 Command Mode Detailed Command Description Example Description Notes See Also Examples nSs1 lt ESC gt s2 lt ESC gt Substitute Stypo type Sname Mr Smith This command performs n search and substitute operations Each operation consists of searching for the next occurrence of sl in the text buffer and changing it to 82 An error is given if sl is not found If there is insufficient memory space for inserting s2 sl will have been changed to as much of s2 as possible and an error is given The edit pointer is positioned after s2 if sl is found or else is left at its original position if sl is not found For the command form Ss1 lt ESC gt s2 lt ESC gt an error is only given if no occurrences of sl are found See the N command example on how to perform a substitute if all of the file is not in the text buffer All Notes for the F command apply here too A command like Sfishes fish will execute much faster than the equivalent command Sfishes fish Commands F N I StypoStype Changes all occurrences of typo to f type A Stypo type 0LT Changes all occurrences of typo to type and types out every line that was changed ES 9 1 S typo type
25. editor which file is to be used for input or output is referred to as opening the file The way VEDIT is normally invoked i e VEDIT FILE TXT the specified file is opened for input and another file is opened for output which will have the same name as the original input file when the edit session is over At that time the original input file will still exist but will have been renamed to a backup file i e FILE BAK In some cases the file to be edited is too large for all of it to be stored in the text buffer at one time VEDIT handles such a file by reading the first part of the file into the text buffer in which you can make any desired changes After this first part is edited VEDIT will write the early lines of the text buffer to the output file and read in more unedited lines from the input file This is repeated until the entire file is edited If desired VEDIT can also read edited text back from the output file for further editing VEDIT can perform this read write process automatically and almost invisibly to the user In particular when the user reaches the end of the text buffer in visual mode the beginning of the text buffer is written out to disk to the output file and more of the file being edited the input file is read or appended to the end of the text buffer This process when done automatically is referred to as auto buffering Another automatic process done in both visual and command mode is called auto rea
26. exit with the normal EX command If you give the EQ command VEDIT will ask for verification before it actually aborts the edit session EXIT VEDIT TO CP M 1 Exit Visual mode to VISUAL Command mode ESCAPE 2 Exit Command mode to EX File closed and written CPM out to disk OR EQ Abort This does not write out file to disk VEDIT Visual Editor Page 42 Visual Mode Properties Section 3 Visual Mode Properties In visual mode the screen continuously displays the region of the file being edited and a cursor The left most column does not contain text but rather is reserved for the line continuation indicator The character used for the line continuation indicator can be set by the user during customization An up arrow is the default The bottom screen line is used for status information consisting of messages Some CRT displays allow the messages to appear in reverse video This status line can also optionally indicate what line number in the file and what column the cursor is on Characters typed while in visual mode take effect immediately when typed The user can perform two basic kinds of operations entering new text or performing edit functions by typing control codes New text which is entered simply appears on the screen at the cursor position and is either inserted or overwrites the existing text Control codes consist of either ASCII control characters characters with the high order bit Bit
27. file until all of it has been read into memory Commands EC Disk Write Error Recovery EKoldfile txt The file OLDFILE TXT is erased from the disk making more disk space and a free directory entry EK 2 2222 bak Deletes all files with an extension of BAK from the default drive VEDIT Visual Editor Page 87 Command Mode Detailed Command Description Example Description Notes See Also Example Example Description NUE WH Ee mEO Output to Printer 40E0 20E0 0EO This command sends the specified lines to the LST device A positive m prints all characters from the edit pointer up to and including the m th lt LF gt A negative m prints the previous m lines and all characters up to not including the edit pointer If m is 0 the entire text from the beginning of the text buffer up to the edit pointer are printed Fewer than m lines will be printed if either end of the text buffer is reached This command does not move the edit pointer The print out can be stopped by typing CTRL C in CP M Commands T RP Printing Text from visual mode ZOEOSS Prints the entire text buffer and places the edit pointer at the end of the text EP n k lt ESC gt Edit Parameters EP 1 4 EP 3 30 This command changes the value of parameter n to k Currently there are 6 parameters The numbers are specified in decimal and separated by spaces or commas The defa
28. for the procedure to switch between visual and command modes VEDIT Visual Editor Page 55 Command Mode Command Mode Notation denotes the lt ESC gt control character Wherever appears in a command mode example type the lt ESC gt key lt TAB gt represents the TAB character lt CR gt represents the carriage return charater lt enter gt lt ESC gt represents the ESC key or alternate command mode escape lt CTRL gt character selected during customization Other control characters produced by holding the CTRL key and typing a letter are represented by lt CTRL letter gt The bracket characters used for iteration macros are printed as and in this manual Some users may be more familiar with the angle brackets lt and gt You can choose which characters to use during the customization process Editing a Second File When you are done editing one file and need to edit another file it is not necessary to exit VEDIT and then re invoke VEDIT for the second file The EY command makes it easy to write out the file being edited and close it in preparation for editing another file It performs the equivalent of the EX command without leaving VEDIT The command to finish editing a file and begin editing another file NEWFILE TXT is EY EBnewfile txt Search Options and Special Characters There are two search options which are useful for some applications One allows strings to be delimit
29. from one area in the file to another The text registers used are the same as used in command mode thus the text registers may be set in command mode and inserted in visual mode or vice versa The text to be copied or moved is specified by first moving the cursor to the beginning of the text and marking it by typing the appropriate function key The message l END will appear on the status line The cursor is then moved just past the last character of the text and the function key typed again After typing the function key the status line message will change to TEXT In the case of COPY TO TEXT REGISTER the main text buffer will be unchanged However in the case of MOVE TO TEXT REGISTER the text will be deleted from the main text buffer Typing INSERT TEXT REGISTER will insert the register at the cursor position Depending upon the Point past register insert switch see ES command the cursor will be positioned either at the beginning or the end of the inserted text Whether the beginning or the end of the text is first marked is actually unimportant It is also immaterial whether you type COPY TO TEXT REGISTER MOVE TO TEXT REGISTER or even PRINT TEXT when you mark the first end of the text Only when you mark the second end must the correct key be typed You can abort the operation by typing the lt ctl minus gt key in response to the status line prompt for a digit If there is insufficient memory space for the text register
30. of the screen The display of these two numbers is controlled by a parameter which is initially set during the customization but may be changed from command mode vith the EP command The example customization sets the parameter to display both numbers The cursor s column position is simply the horizontal position on the current text line The line number in the file is a count of the current number of preceding lines in the file including any which have already been written out to disk The line number is the same as would be printed by the CP M PIP program with the N switch The line number for a particular line will therefore decrease if some of the preceding lines are deleted and will increase if lines are inserted into the preceding text These numbers are not updated immediately following every cursor movement but only after the user pauses typing for about 1 2 of a second VEDIT Visual Editor Page 46 Visual Mode Properties The Text Register The most straight forward use of the text register is for cut and paste type operations It can hold a section which has been cut and needs to be pasted elsewhere The visual functions COPY TO TEXT REGISTER and MOVE TO TEXT REGISTER are used to copy or move text from the main text buffer to the text register The function INSERT TEXT REGISTER is then used to insert the contents of a text register at the cursor position These functions are usually used to move or copy text
31. on disk with the same name as the output file is backed up by renaming it with an extension of BAK Any existing file on disk with that name and the BAK extension will be deleted when more than 128 bytes the first sector are written to the output file Commands W EA EF EX EWpartl txt 24WS EF EWpart2 txt EX The first 24 lines of the text buffer are written out to file PART1 TXT and the rest of the text buffer is written out to file PART TXT and edit session is completed ERa bigfile asm EWb bigfile asm OASv Typical procedure for editing a file which is too big for both it and its Backup to fit on the same disk In this case it is read from disk A and written to disk B Just be sure that disk B is nearly empty VEDIT Visual Editor Page 95 Command Mode Detailed Command Description Example Description Notes See Also Example Example Description Notes See Also Example EX Edit Exit EX This is the normal way to save the file being edited on disk and exit VEDIT It writes the entire text buffer to the output file followed by any unread portion of the input file closes the output file and exits VEDIT All file backup and renaming is done as with the EF command The error NO OUTPUT FILE is given if no output file is open The error NO DISK SPACE results if there is insufficient disk space to save the entire file In case of a NO DISK SPACE
32. one area of the file to another commonly referred to as cut and paste operations Three operations are possible One is to simply copy a section of the main text buffer to the register The second is to move a section of text to the register in which the section of text is also deleted from the main text buffer Third the register contents can be inserted anywhere within the main text buffer Automatic Disk Buffering Auto Disk Buffering refers to any disk file reading or writing which VEDIT performs automatically without the user having given explicit read or write commands See also Basic Editing Concepts above The simplest auto disk buffering called Auto Read involves reading the input file into the text buffer when the editor is invoked in the normal way and writing the output file when the editor is exited VEDIT can also perform more sophisticated disk buffering when editing very large files This can be done in either the forward direction Forward Disk Buffering or in the backward direction Backward Disk Buffering The following headings describe these two types of auto buffering If the text buffer fills up in visual mode while the user is typing in more text VEDIT will attempt to write out 1K byte sections from the beginning of the text buffer to the output file This is referred to as Auto Write If the 1K section of text cannot be written out either because auto buffering is disabled or because the cursor is
33. one file See the Tutorial for merging files VEDIT Visual Editor Page 63 Command Mode If all the disks in the drives are full you will have to either change disks using the EC command or delete the Input file In either case you want to read as much of the Input file and hope that there is enough room to read all of it Begin by issuing the command A Then look at the end of the text buffer to see if all of the file was read in If not the recovery will be more complicated If all of the Input file has been read it is often simplest to delete this Input file from disk with the EK command This will make enough space available for the rest of the Output file If you delete the Input file there will be no BAK backup file when you exit VEDIT For example if the file you are editing is LETTER TXT you could give the following commands EKletter txt Delete the Input file EX End the edit session Alternately if you need to keep the original Input file you can use the EC command to change disks and write the second part of the Output file to an empty disk First issue the EF command to close the current Output file The EC command will allow you to insert another empty disk into any drive Example commands are EF Close the current output file EC lt enter gt EWPART2 Create a second output file EX End the edit session You will then have to use VEDIT or PIP to merge your two Output files b
34. operation allows you to limit your attention to a subset of these parameters You may customize VEDIT as many times as you wish As you gain experience with VEDIT you will probably perform the customization several times until you get everything just right You may also create several versions of VEDIT with different configurations This introductory section includes a first sample edit session with VEDIT to familiarize you with the most basic aspects of using the editor After performing this sample edit session you are best off to at least skim the Overall Description section in order to get an overview of the capabilities of VEDIT Trying out the editor while reading the tutorial section is the best way to gain a working familiarity with most features The visual full screen mode is easy enough to use that it can be learned by experimenting with the various function keys as long as no important files are accidentally altered Once you have had some practice with the visual mode of VEDIT you will then want to try out the command mode The command mode is definitely not as easy to use as the visual mode and more references to this manual will be necessary However most basic editing can be done entirely in the visual mode and the command mode can be learned gradually as the need arises While you will typically spend 99 of your time in the visual mode and only 1 in the command mode this manual deals extensively with the command m
35. out the last twelve lines in the file assuming the string xcxc never occurs in it VEDIT Visual Editor Page 82 Command Mode Detailed Command Description Example Description Notes See Also Example EA Edit Again EA This command writes the entire text buffer out to the output file followed by the remainder of the input file if any and closes the output file All file backup and renaming is performed as with the EF or EX command The output file is then reopened as both the input and output file and an auto read on the input file is performed This command thus starts a new edit session and is functionally similar to an EX command followed by invoking VEDIT again with the name of the current output file This command has two main purposes First it acts a method of saving the currently edited file on disk as a safeguard against losing the file due to a user error or hardware software or power failure Second it acts as a method of accessing the beginning of a large file after it has been written out to disk Backward disk buffering may be more convenient in some cases This is especially true when a block of text is to be moved from the rear of a large file to the front The contents of the text register is not affected by the EA command Any commands following the EA on the command line will be ignored since the command line is cleared Commands B G EX Visual Restart Backward Disk Bufferi
36. positioned within it VEDIT will display the message FULL VEDIT Visual Editor Page 17 Overall Description on the status line No more text can then be inserted until the user explicitly writes some text to disk or allows VEDIT to automatically write it out While it is most convenient to normally have auto buffering enabled there are times when an experienced user will want to disable it This can be done from command mode with the ES command Generally when explicit file reading and writing commands are being given it is best to disable auto buffering which might read or write a file unexpectantly Forward Disk Buffering When VEDIT edits a file it reads text from the Input file into the Text Buffer where it is edited and writes the edited text to the Output file For a small text file the operation is quite simple The entire Input file is initially read into the text buffer for editing When editing is complete the text buffer is written to the Output file In order to edit files which are too large to fit into memory all at one time i e files which are larger than 42 Kbytes in a 64K system the procedure becomes more complicated Only a portion of the Input file is initially read into the text buffer for editing In order to edit the rest of the file some of the text buffer must be written to the Output file and then more of the Input file read in for editing This must be repeated until the entire file has been edite
37. some edit changes in that region of the file Command mode is also used to change the various VEDIT switches parameters and tab positions The edit pointer in command mode and the cursor in visual mode both serve a similar purpose When entering visual mode the cursor takes on the position in the text buffer of the edit pointer in command mode When exiting visual mode to command mode the edit pointer takes on the last position of the cursor VEDIT Visual Editor Page 15 Overall Description Searching is often used in conjunction with the visual mode command in iteration macros for finding all occurrences of a string in the file and then editing that region of the file in visual mode The examples in the tutorial section and the command mode section should be followed Command mode is also used when the edit session involves more than just making changes to a single file The file handling commands allow several files to be merged into one file or a file to be split into several smaller ones Combined with the text register commands in either visual or command mode portions of one file can be found and copied into the middle of another file Other possibilities exist and some examples are given in the Detailed Command Description of this manual Word Processing with VEDIT VEDIT can be used for two types of word processing One is stand alone word processing in which the text is composed entirely with VEDIT and then printed out with ei
38. special conditional character LINE AND COLUMN DISPLAY 0 NONE 1 LINE 2 COLUMN 3 BOTH 3 This determines whether the Visual Mode status line will display the line number and column position the cursor is on It is usually useful to know both STEP 7 TASK 5 SET SCREEN PARAMETERS 5 1 5 2 5 3 ENTER LINE MOVEMENT FOR PAGING IN DECIMAL 20 Enter the number of screen lines you wish PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN to move through the text by 20 is suggested as a starting value ENTER TOP LINE FOR CURSOR IN DECIMAL 3 This sets the top screen line the cursor can normally be on before the screen will begin to scroll down This is therefore the minimum number of lines you will always see before the line you are editing ENTER BOTTOM LINE FOR CURSOR IN DECIMAL 20 This is similar to the previous step except that it sets the bottom line range for the cursor This number must be greater than or equal to the Top Line for Cursor setting and at most 23 since the very bottom line is only used for status 20 is a good starting point VEDIT Visual Editor Page 104 Appendix A Customizing VEDIT STEP 8 TASK 6 SET OTHER PARAMETERS 6 1 6 2 SIZE IN DECIMAL OF SPARE MEMORY FOR AUTO READ IN BYTES See the table below for a recommended value depending upon your memory size The number must be in the range 1024 32768 Use RUBOUT or lt CTRL U gt if you mistype the number MEMORY SIZE SPARE MEMORY FOR VALUE
39. th preceding line If m is 0 the edit pointer is moved to the beginning of the current line Attempting to move past the ends of the text buffer will leave the edit pointer at the respective end This command makes no changes to the text buffer Commands C T Stypo type 0LT Changes all occurrences of typo to type and type out every line that was changed VEDIT Visual Editor Page 76 Command Mode Detailed Command Description Example Description Notes See Also Examples nNs1 lt ESC gt Next Nbad line 3 N third N This command is very similar to the F command except that if the n th occurrence of sl is not found in the text buffer forward disk buffering is performed to read in more of the input file until the n th occurrence is found or the end of the input file is reached If the n th occurrence still is not found an error is given The edit pointer is positioned very similarly to the F command However with the N command it is possible that the n th occurrence is not found and that the previous occurrence is no longer in the text buffer due to auto buffering In this case the edit pointer is positioned at the beginning of the text buffer Using this command with a search string which you know does not exist can be used to access the last part of a large file All Notes for the F command also apply The error NO OUTPUT FILE occurs if no output fi
40. the text buffer file or other area you re working in so that all occurrences are found An iteration will continue until its iteration count is exhausted or until an error occurs A common error is an unsuccessful search operations In fact many iterations will normally stop with an unsuccessful search error message A special situation concerns using search commands F and S in iteration macros where search error suppression is enabled In this case when a search is unsuccessful VEDIT Visual Editor i Page 60 Command Mode no error is given but the iteration is stopped and execution continues with the command following the iteration This may be an outer level iteration Recall that the commands S and F are only unsuccessful if no occurrences are found Text Register Two commands are available for using the text register in command mode Lines of text may be copied to a register with the P command 35P Copy the next 35 lines to the register 6P Copy the previous 6 lines to the register OP Empty out the register The G command inserts the contents of the register at the edit pointer G Insert the register at edit pointer Printing Text Text can be printed from command mode with the EO command This command takes a numeric argument similar to the T command to specify how many lines before or after the edit pointer are to be printed For example 40E0 will print the following 40 lines whil
41. while you type a letter or using escape sequences In this case the layout may be tight and difficult to organize One strategy is to use mnemonic letters such as CTRL D for DELETE and CTRL U for UNDO etc Another is to arrange the keys in some geometric manner such as having the cursor movement keys on one side of the keyboard and the visual function keys on the other side You can also simplify the layout by using escape sequences especially for functions you do not use often or don t want to hit by accident Trying out some combinations on paper is probably the easiest way to accomplish the layout task Besides responding to the customary control characters VEDIT also handles multi character escape sequences For example instead of typing the single character CONTROL Q the user may type two VEDIT Visual Editor Page 108 Appendix A Customization Notes characters i e ESC and Q to perform a visual operation All escape sequences begin with one of two user defined escape characters sometimes called Lead in characters While the ESC is a common key to use as an escape character any other ASCII character may be used as the escape character even displayable ones like When performing the keyboard customization it asks the question Ignore upper lower case difference in escape sequences If you answer NO to this question the editor will made a distinction between for example ESC H and ESC h Therefore if
42. AB POSITIONS Y N The default tab positions are set at every 8th position for example 9 17 25 41 49 57 65 73 81 89 etc This is the most common tab setting if you change the tabs the change will apply to VEDIT only Tab positions may be reset inside VEDIT by using the ET command If you enter N this prompt is given ENTER UP TO 30 TAB POSITIONS IN DECIMAL Enter the desired tab positions separating the numbers with spaces or commas and following the last number with an lt enter gt Don t be concerned if your input line goes off the right side of your terminal or screen Note that you need no tab at position 1 and that the positions are counted starting from 1 not 0 You must also specify at least one tab position per screen line and the highest allowed position is 254 Entering a number outside of the range 1 254 will give an error and a reprompt of the question If you make a mistake type RUBOUT or CTRL U to start the question over BEGIN IN INSERT MODE 0 NO 1 YES 0 During full screen editing you are either in Normal or Insert mode This question lets you select which mode the editor begins in Answering this question is a matter of personal preference The status line always indicates which mode you are in REVERSE VIDEO ON STATUS LINE 0 NO 1 YES 1 It is suggested that P amp T CP M 2 users specify l 9 TASK 8 SET SIGNON MESSAGE This message will appear briefly whenever you invoke VEDIT I
43. EDIT to begin in command mode See customization Task 4 3 All of our ready to run versions will start in visual mode when a filename is specified VEDIT Visual Editor Page 9 Overall Description Section I Overall Description VEDIT is a full screen or visual editor which currently runs under the CP M CP M 86 and MSDOS operating systems and their derivatives including MP M MP M 86 CDOS and CROMIX It allows any text file to be created or edited in a visual manner on systems with most types of CRT displays It has two operating modes visual mode and command mode The typical user will spend 99 of the time in the visual mode the primary editing mode Here the screen continuously displays the region of the file being edited a status line and cursor Changes are made by first moving the cursor to the text to be changed You can then overtype insert any amount of new text and use function keys to perform all changes which are immediately shown on the screen and become the changes to the file One text register scratchpad buffers allow sections of text to be copied and moved for extensive cut and paste type operations Any portion of the text may be sent to the line printer The main purpose of the command mode is for performing repetitive editing tasks explicit file handling and accessing the additional text register operations The command mode allows the execution of common line and character oriented editing commands inclu
44. ES n k lt ESC gt Edit Set ES 1 0 ES 3 1 Description This command changes the value of switch n to k Currently there are 9 switches The numbers are specified in decimal and separated by spaces or commas The default values of these switches are determined during the customization process An error is given if n is specified out of range The switches are 1 Expand Tab with spaces O NO 1 YES 2 Auto buffering in visual mode O NO 1 YES 2 BACK 3 Start in visual mode O NO 1 YES 4 Point past text reg insert 0 NO 1 YES 5 Ignore UC LC distinction in search 0 NO 1 YES 6 Clear screen on visual exit O NO 1 YES 7 Reverse Upper and Lower case O NO 1 YES 8 Suppress search errors O NO 1 YES 9 Use explicit string terminators O NO 1 YES Switch 1 determines whether or not the tab key in visual mode is expanded with spaces to the next tab position If not a tab character is inserted into the text buffer Except for special applications the tab key would not normally be expanded with spaces Switch 2 determines whether auto buffering is enabled in visual mode 0 disables auto buffering l enables only forward disk buffering and 2 enables both forward and backward disk buffering We recommend a default value of 1 Before using 2 make sure you have sufficient free disk space Use 0 when you are giving explicit Read Write commands This will prevent unexpected disk read and write from occurring w
45. FTER the block of text If you wish to include the end of a line this would be the first column of the following line You could of course position the cursor at the end of the line but in this case the carriage return which ends the line would not be included in the text move If you wanted to move the paragraph you would use the same procedure except use the MOVE TO TEXT REGISTER function instead of COPY TO TEXT REGISTER In this case the text will also be deleted from your main text and from the screen If you type COPY TO TEXT REGISTER or MOVE TO TEXT REGISTER twice at the same location the text register will be emptied and the TEXT message will disappear from the status line You can therefore delete a block of text by moving it to the text register and then emptying the text register VEDIT Visual Editor Page 31 Visual Mode Task Tutorial 1 2 3 4 5 MOVING TEXT WITHIN THE FILE Position cursor over first character in block to be moved MOVE TO TEXT REGISTER Message 1 END on status line Position cursor past last character in block to be moved MOVE TO TEXT REGISTER Message TEXT on status line Position cursor at position to insert the text INSERT TEXT REGISTER NOTES 1 2 3 4 If you get a FULL message at step 4 there is insufficient memory for the Text Register to contain the entire text block Nothing was inserted into the Te
46. However by using the EC command VEDIT will not be able to continue reading any unread portion of the Input file You will therefore have to merge the Output file from the original disk with the second Output file with the unread portion of the Input file If you cannot change disks because you were using backward disk buffering you will have to make more space free on the existing disks by deleting files If you want to avoid the complexities of deleting the Input file you can delete any COM or CMD files including VEDIT which you can probably restore from a backup disk Command Line Editing Several common control characters are recognized in command mode as line editing characters They are lt CTRL H gt or lt BACKSPACE gt Delete the last character typed and echo a lt CTRL H gt to the console lt RUBOUT gt or lt DELETE gt Delete the last character typed and echo the deleted character to the console lt CTRL R gt Doesn t change the command line but echoes the entire command line back to the console lt CTRL U gt Delete the entire command line and send a to the console lt CTRL X gt Identical to lt CTRL U gt If you wish to search for one of these characters in the text or use one within any other string you must precede it with a lt CTRL Q gt lt CTRL Q gt causes the following character to be taken literally and not be interpreted as a line editing character a lt CR gt or any other sp
47. IGHT repeatedly except that it does not move the cursor past the end of the line If you notice that you have customized the Tab key to be TAB CURSOR you are advised to change the Tab key to be TAB CHARACTER as it should be Optionally the TAB CHARACTER function can insert spaces to the next tab position This is equivalent to you typing in the spaces While this uses up more disk space and is not normally recommended it is useful in some applications This option may be changed with the ES command the command is ES 1 1 Although the screen display for these two options is identical they are actually very different especially to programs other than VEDIT If you set the tab positions in VEDIT to anything other than the default you may find that other programs will display your text unlike what you wanted This is due to your VEDIT tab positions being incompatible with the tab positions of the other programs which usually have fixed tabs at every 8 positions If you send text files with tab characters to a large mainframe computer you may find that the tabs are lost in the transfer Many mainframes do not have tab characters internally These two cases are good candidates for allowing the Tab key to insert spaces to the next tab position Displaying Line and Column Numbers If desired VEDIT can display the line number in the file that the cursor is on and or the cursor s column position on the status line at the bottom
48. Layout P amp T CP M 2 The preconfigured version of VEDIT that comes with P amp T CP M 2 uses the following keys and functions You may procedure in Appendix A Escape mode character home zend cursor up cursor down cursor right cursor left back tab tab cursor zip next line line toggle scroll up scroll down page up page down screen toggle backspace delete erase to end of line erase line undo tab character next character literal set insert mode reset insert mode switch insert mode repeat indent undent copy to text register move to text register insert text register print text block visual escape visual exit restart editor escape change sequences them by lt esc gt lt ct1 Q gt lt ctl Z gt lt up arrow gt lt down arrow gt lt right arrow gt lt left arrow gt lt ct1 F gt lt break gt lt ctl X gt lt hold gt lt ct1 0 gt lt esc gt lt 1 gt lt esc gt lt 2 gt lt 1 gt lt 2 gt lt ct1 P gt lt backspace gt lt ct1 K gt lt ctl J gt lt esc gt J lt ct1 U gt lt tab gt lt esc gt L lt esc gt V lt esc gt B lt ctl V gt lt ct1 N gt lt ct1 E gt lt ct1 D gt lt ct1 R gt lt ct1 T gt lt ctl Y gt lt esc gt P lt esc gt lt esc gt lt ctl W gt not assigned for the visual mode following the edit configuration lst char of escape
49. Overall Description Minimum Transfer Kbytes will be written from the beginning of the text buffer to the Output file before more of the Input file is read See also Appendix A Memory Size Dependent Parameters Forward disk buffering is only done automatically in visual mode if it was enabled during customization or with the ES command the command is ES 2 1 where is the ESC key It should normally be enabled The disk buffering may also be controlled manually in the command mode with the A and W commands Knowledge of these commands is not necessary for most applications since the automatic disk buffering accommodates most needs Auto buffering is only performed in command mode for the N command since it might otherwise interfere with special editing applications The auto buffering allows the N command to search for a string throughout the entire file Backward Disk Buffering VEDIT s backward disk buffering augments the forward disk buffering to further simplify the editing of large files It can also be performed automatically in visual mode in such a way as to be almost invisible to the user except for disk access time However for best results it must be used with some care because you are more likely to run out of disk space Although VEDIT always lets you recover from running out of disk space it is more complicated if you are using backward disk buffering Occasionally you may want to edit some
50. T ERASE i LINE Page forward by REPEAT REPEAT PAGE DOWN 16 pages Delete 30 characters REPEAT 3 0 DELETE VEDIT Visual Editor Page 29 Visual Mode Task Tutorial Insert 20 REPEAT 2 0 lt enter gt blank lines Insert 40 x REPEAT 4 0 characters Note The number displayed on the status line will be blank fora repeat value of 00 Type in 000 and any character if you decide that you don t want to repeat any operation after all Indenting Text If you don t want your text to begin in the first column you can let VEDIT automatically indent your text with the INDENT and UNDENT functions The section Visual Mode Indent and Undent explains these functions but it is easier to understand them through experimentation Type a lt enter gt to start a new blank line then press INDENT Notice that the cursor has moved right by 4 spaces to column 5 unless you have changed this parameter Type a few words and another lt enter gt This time the cursor will begin immediately in column 5 You have set the Indentation Position to column 5 and it will stay there until you increase it with another INDENT or move it back with UNDENT VEDIT inserts the most Tabs and fewest spaces needed for the indent position You can confirm this by moving the cursor over these leading Tabs and spaces VEDIT only creates this indentation when you type lt enter gt INDENTING TEXT BLOCKS Operation Command Sequence Increa
51. T FILE CANNOT OPEN TWO BAD FILE NAME FILE NOT FOUND OTHER MESSAGES NEW FILE BREAK QUIT Y N There is no input file open for doing a read or append There is no output file open for doing a write a close or an exit with the EX command If you have already written out the text buffer and closed the output file exit with the EQ command You cannot have two output files open and there is already one open Also given if an output file is open at the time of an EC command Perhaps you want to close it with the EF command The file name you gave does not follow the CP M conventions The file you wanted to open for input does not exist Maybe you specified the wrong drive The file specified with the EB command or with the invocation of VEDIT did not exist on disk and a new file has been created If you typed the wrong file name you may want to start over by issuing the EQ command The command execution was stopped because insufficient memory space remained to complete the command I S G P and EG For the I S and EG commands as much text as possible was inserted For the G and P commands no text at all was copied or inserted The message is also printed when command execution is stopped because you typed CTRL C on the keyboard in command mode This is the normal prompt following the EQ command Type Y or y if you really want to quit and exit to CP M otherwise type anything else
52. TYPE 0 1 2 1 This parameter determines the cursor type as follows O Blinking Underline 1 Blinking Reverse Video Block 2 Solid Reverse Video Block You may wish to try the different types using the EP 1 command before configuring VEDIT CURSOR BLINK RATE 10 100 See Prompt This determines the memory mapped cursor s blink rate Start with the value suggested by the VEDSET prompt A smaller number causes the cursor to blink faster INDENT INCREMENT 1 20 SUGGEST 4 This determines the Indent Increment A value of 4 is common when structured programming languages are being used LOWER CASE CONVERT 0 NO 1 YES 2 CONDITIONAL 0 This parameter is useful for assembly language programs If you choose 0 no conversion will occur If you choose 1 all lower case keyboard character will be converted to upper case If 2 is chosen the answer to the next question will determine before which character lower to upper case conversion will occur For example Z80 assembler uses as a comment delimiter To the left of VEDIT Visual Editor Page 103 Appendix A Customizing VEDIT 4 14 4 15 the lower case letters are converted to upper case To the right of the in the comment field no conversion is done DECIMAL CODE FOR CONDITIONAL CONVERSION CHARACTER 59 This is the Conditional Conversion character used when the previous parameter is set to 2 A value of 59 decimal makes the
53. XT DELETE EREOL ERLINE 1 Position cursor over first character in the paragraph to be deleted MOVE TO TEXT REGISTER 2 3 Position cursor past last character in paragraph to be deleted MOVE TO TEXT REGISTER 4 MOVE TO TEXT REGISTER MOVE TO TEXT REGISTER VEDIT Visual Editor Page 28 Visual Mode Task Tutorial CORRECTING MISTAKES MADE TO A LINE This command returns the line the cursor is on to its appearance before the cursor was most recently moved to that line This does not mean that by putting the cursor on a previous line you changed UNDO will give you the original line It only affects the line that is currently Purpose Operation of text being edited REPEATING OPERATIONS It is often necessary to repeat an edit operation such as inserting the same character deleting many lines or moving the cursor many pages forwards or backwards By using the REPEAT function key it is possible to perform these repeated operations without having to type the same key over and over again Pressing the REPEAT key once gives a repeat value of 4 see status line Pressing it again multiplies the value to 16 and finally 64 Any other value may be selected by typing in a number between 00 and 255 Once the repeat value is correct simply type the desired key or control sequence which is to be repeated Command Sequence Delete four lines REPEA
54. ack into one file This procedure has several potential shortcomings If you were using backward disk buffering you may get the error message REV FILE OPEN in which case you cannot change any disks You will then have to make more space on the existing disks by deleting files possibly the Input file If you were unable to read the entire Input file into the text buffer the procedure becomes still more complicated Try again to make more space free on the existing disks If you have a copy of your Input file on a backup disk delete the Input file which should free enough disk space to end the edit session All text which you just edited or entered will be in the Output file but the Output file will be missing the last portion of the Input file which was never read in You must examine the Output file to see how much is missing Then copy your backup of the original Input file to a blank disk Edit this file by deleting the entire front portion up to the text which is missing from the partial Output file Exit VEDIT Then use VEDIT or PIP to merge the Output file and the unread portion of the original Input file back together This is a complicated procedure but at least none of your edited text is lost VEDIT Visual Editor Page 64 Command Mode i If in the previous paragraph you know that you don t have a backup copy of the Input file you will have to use the EC command procedure to write a second Output file to a blank diskette
55. and preceded by an iteration count which tells VEDIT how many times to iterate and ended with lt ESC gt lt ESC gt The following example changes the first three occurrences if found of teith to teeth Example 3 S teith teeth The iteration macro operates by executing the first command of the group through the last command and then starting over again with the first command The entire group will be executed the number of times specified by the iteration count If no explicit iteration count is given it defaults to 32767 which signifies forever or all It is very important to observe the placement of any necessary lt ESC gt to terminate strings and filenames when using iteration macros For example BF word needs no between the B command and the VEDIT Visual Editor Page 58 Command Mode p command but in S name smith V the s are necessary after name and after smith The following example changes the first occurrence of teith to teeth which is not the intention Wrong 3 S teith teeth If desired each command may be ended with one lt ESC gt in which case you won t have to remember whether the command must be ended in an lt ESC gt or not Iteration Counts Besides any integer the iteration macro can be preceded with a This is used when the iteration is to continue as long as possible represents the maximum positive number 32767 If no pref
56. and does not cause a return to CP M The ESC key is echoed with a which is also used in the examples in this manual to signify the ESC key The RETURN or lt CR gt key is echoed with a lt CR gt lt LF gt pair and the pair is also entered into the command line Although this causes a new line to be printed it is still part of the command line and DOES NOT end the command line The user is prompted for a new command line by the character If while typing the command line should exhaust the amount of memory space available to it the text buffer text register and command line all share the same memory space VEDIT will send the Bell character to the console and neither accept nor echo any more characters The user will then have to edit the current command line in order to end it and then rectify the full memory situation Even when the memory is full see U command up to ten characters may be typed on the command line Before the command line is ended and begins executing the line may be edited with most common line editing characters They are described in detail below under Line Editing Once execution begins it may often be aborted by typing lt CTRL C gt This causes a BREAK and a new command prompt to be displayed VEDIT checks for the lt CTRL C gt before any new command is executed during the execution of the A F N and T commands and in a few other situations See the section Getting Started
57. case Parameter 5 sets the conditional upper lower case convert character used for parameter 4 above Parameter 6 determines whether the cursor s line position in the file and horizontal position on the text line are displayed on the status line The values are 0 Both off 1 Line number displayed 2 column displayed and 3 both displayed The parameter values are specified in decimal Commands ES Customization Visual Mode Indent and Undent Functions EP 3 6 This sets Indent Increment to six EP 1 1 Sets visual cursor to blinking reverse block VEDIT Visual Editor Page 89 Command Mode Detailed Command Description Example Description Notes See Also Example EQ Edit Quit EQ This command quits the edit session without writing out the text buffer or closing any output file Its main purpose to quit after one has made a mistake editing and it seems best to leave everything on disk just the way it was before this edit session began DO NOT confuse this command with the EA command their results are quite opposite Remember that the EA command starts a new edit session Any output file with the file extension will also be deleted Any original file on disk with the same name as the output file but with an extension of BAK will have been deleted if more than 128 characters were written to the now deleted output file With the exception of this possible backup f
58. ce between tasks 1 and 2 is that task 1 first clears out any existing keyboard layout while task 2 builds on the existing layout VEDIT Visual Editor se Page 100 Appendix A Customizing VEDIT i STEPS 5 gt 10 SET NON KEYBOARD PARAMETERS Answer questions in decimal or hexadecimal as prompted then hit lt enter gt There are no default settings so always enter a value Type a CTRL U or the DELETE RUBOUT key to repeat the question STEP 5 TASK 3 SET SPECIAL CHARACTERS 3 1 HEX CODE FOR SCREEN CONTINUATION CHARACTER 2D This is the line continuation indicator used in Visual Mode in reserved colum 0 Most common is a hyphen Hex 2D or reverse video hyphen Hex AD P amp T CP M 2 users may wish to use Hex lF which displays as an up arrow HEX CODE FOR COMMAND ITERATION LEFT BRACKET 5B HEX CODE FOR COMMAND ITERATION RIGHT BRACKET 5D The Command Iteration Brackets are those which delimit iteration macros groups of Command Mode commands This manual represents these as and with hex codes of 5B and 5D You may prefer to use lt and gt with hex codes of 3C and 3E Braces Hex code 7B and 7D are easy to use on TRS 80 microcomputers STEP 6 TASK 4 SET ES SWITCHES AND EP PARAMETERS This task selects the default values for these parameters They can be changed while running VEDIT by using the ES and EP commands All numeric values are in decimal 4 1 EXPAND TAB WITH SPACES
59. ces or your keyboard produces escape sequences with special function keys type the escape character or the function key lead in character most commonly ESC Else type lt enter gt which will then also skip the remaining questions about escape characters For P amp T CP M 2 users ESC is highly recommended ENTER ESCAPE MODE CHARACTER 2 A second escape mode character may also be specified typically for other function keys If not needed type lt enter gt This is typically not needed for P amp T CP M 2 users UPPER LOWER CASE ESCAPE SEQUENCES EQUIVALENT Y N If you answer NO the editor will make a distinction between for example ESC H and ESC h This is annoying if you hand type escape sequences and you should answer with a Y unless you have a very good reason not to TYPE CONTROL CHARACTERS FOR VEDIT Visual Editor Page 99 Appendix A Customizing VEDIT STEP When prompted for each visual operation you may press a special function key a control character or enter an escape sequence The control codes or escape sequences are displayed as you type them in Use Task 8 to print out the final keyboard layout for your reference Disallowed characters are the normal displayable characters Typing one of these will give an error and a reprompt If you inadvertently attempt to use the same key code for a second operation an error and a reprompt for the operation will be given If you do not want to use a particula
60. clear the FULL message This is activated similar to the COPY TO TEXT REG The block of text is printed on the CP M listing device A CTRL C will abort the printing Visual Mode is exited to Command Mode The current cursor position in the text buffer will become the command mode edit pointer position The text register is preserved Depending upon the value of the Clear screen on visual exit switch the command prompt will appear either on a clear screen or just below the status line This is identical to the VISUAL EXIT except that any current iteration macro is aborted The text buffer and any unappended portion of the input file is written to the output file The output file is closed and then reopened as the Input and Output file The file is then read into the text buffer again VEDIT Visual Editor Page 54 Command Mode Section 4 Command Mode Properties In command mode the user enters command lines which consist of single commands concatenated commands or iteration macros Each command line is ended by typing the ESC key twice at which point the command line is executed The ESC is also used to delimit search strings and file names In the event that your keyboard does not have an lt ESC gt key you may customize the command mode escape character to be any other control character Each character typed is echoed by VEDIT and none are processed by CP M Thus a lt CTRL C gt has a different meaning in VEDIT
61. creen editing of the file VEDIT Visual Editor _ Page 37 Command Mode Task Tutorial INSERT A LINE RANGE OF FILE 1 INTO FILE 2 Note Both files must be on same disk 1 VEDIT filel Line number appears on status l line note upper and lower range of lines you want cop ied by positioning cursor on those lines See ES command if line number does not appear on status line 2 EQ Exit VEDIT without writing the file to disk 3 VEDIT file2 Edit the file in which you want the lines inserted 4 Position cursor where the lines should be inserted 5 VISUAL Enter Command Mode ESCAPE 6 EGfilella n Lines a gt n will be copied from filel to file2 beginning at edit pointer cursor position To copy an entire file leave off the a n If you get a BREAK message there was insufficient memory to insert the entire text and as much as possible was inserted To make more space for other files text etc try emptying the text register or writing the first part of the text out to disk as described earlier VEDIT Visual Editor Page 38 Command Mode Task Tutorial sal CONCATENATING TWO FILES Purpose It is sometimes desirable to append one file to the end of another This is readily done with VEDIT In this example the text in file file2 is appended to the end of the text in filel and the combined text is written to the file file3 The three files can be on different disks Note This assumes tha
62. cursor in visual mode it is just not as readily seen Commands exist to move the edit pointer a character at a time a line at a time or to the beginning or the end of the text buffer The number of lines or characters the edit pointer moves is determined by the iteration number for the command Negative iteration numbers mean backward movement towards the beginning of the text buffer One command types out a given number of lines before or after the edit pointer to display the contents of the file and show the user where the edit pointer is The commands which alter the text all operate from the position of the edit pointer One deletes characters one deletes lines one inserts new text and another searches for a string of characters and changes them to another Other commands only perform searching without alteration Two commands are available for dealing with the text register Three commands are used to change the various switches parameters and tab positions which VEDIT uses in both command and visual modes One command puts the editor into visual mode The last two groups of commands deal with the reading and writing of files and with the opening and closing of input and output files VEDIT Visual Editor Page 14 Overall Description The commands fall into nine overlapping categories Edit pointer movement B L C Z Display text T Print text i EO Alter text D I K S EI Search F N S Text Register G P
63. d Conceptually it might help to consider the displayed screen a window into the text buffer This window may be readily moved anywhere within the text buffer with the PAGE UP PAGE DOWN and other cursor movement functions Furthermore the text buffer may be considered a window into the file Moving this text buffer window toward the end of the file is referred to as forward disk buffering and moving it back toward the beginning of the file as backward disk buffering VEDIT s automatic forward disk buffering greatly simplifies the editing of these larger files Forward disk buffering is usually performed automatically in visual mode and is almost invisible to the user except for disk access time The forward disk buffering takes place in visual mode when the user moves the cursor to the last page of the text buffer by PAGE DOWN ZEND etc and all of the Input file has not been read VEDIT will then attempt to read in more of the Input file and if necessary write text to the Output file The minimum amount to be read from the Input file is determined by the user in Task 6 2 of the customization This is referred to as Minimum Transfer Kbytes If this much free memory is available the Input file is read until the memory is nearly full Nearly is defined as leaving the number of bytes free that you specified in Task 6 1 of the customization If this much free memory is not available VEDIT Visual Editor Page 18
64. d which consists of reading the input file until it is all read in or until the main memory space is almost full VEDIT Visual Editor Page 11 Overall Description Visual Mode In visual mode the screen continuously displays the current contents of the file in the region you are editing and a cursor The bottom line of the screen is used for status information and is normally filled with the character The changes made to the screen display by typing in new text or using control functions become the changes to the file The characters typed while in visual mode fall into two categories Displayable characters and Control characters The displayable characters are displayed on the screen at the cursor position and cause the cursor to move to the right The user customized keyboard layout determines which edit function each control character or eScape sequence performs The edit functions fall into two subcategories cursor movement and visual functions The cursor movement operations cause no change to the file but rather move the cursor forward and backward by a character a line or a screen at a time Additional cursor movements allow movement to the next tab position and the beginning or end of the text buffer The cursor can only be positioned at real characters in the text and at the end of lines It never points to space i e a screen position where there is no text VEDIT can optionally display the cursor s line number and c
65. ding searching altering inserting and much more Single commands and groups of commands may be repeated any desired number of times A powerful aspect of the command mode are macros which allow groups of commands to be executed repetitively The file handling commands allow explicit disk read write operations and files to be opened and closed A specified line range of another file can also be inserted at any place in the text being edited Finally the EX command is given to exit VEDIT saving the edited file on disk Basic Editing Concepts The purpose of editing is to create or modify a file on disk so that it may be saved for future use and processed by another program such as a word processor text formatter a compiler or simply be printed out When a file is first created the initial text of the file is entered with the editor corrections are made and the text is then saved on disk When a file edited the existing copy of the file is read from the disk into the computer s main memory the changes are made with the use of the editor and the modified text is then saved as a new file on disk Each file on disk has a name and when a file is created with the editor the user assigns the file its name It is helpful to choose names which are meaningful and easy to remember The name LETTERI is VEDIT Visual Editor Page 10 Overall Description thus better than JV 8 G5F The CP M operating systems has file names which con
66. disappears SEO or leave INSERT on VEDIT Visual Editor Page 26 Visual Mode Task Tutorial Visual Functions The second category of editing functions are called the Visual Functions which perform such operations as deleting characters or lines indenting on the left side and moving sections of text to other parts of the file The following pages describe each of these functions Deleting Text VEDIT has functions to delete the previous character and the character at the cursor position Two functions will delete partial or entire lines These are described on the next page Go ahead and try out the DELETE BACKSPACE EREOL and ERLINE functions Notice that the UNDO function will bring back the original text on the line unless you erased the entire line with the ERLINE You can delete an entire line with the ERLINE function You can also concatenate two lines by moving the cursor to the end of the first line and typing DELETE Go ahead and try all of this especially splitting lines with a lt enter gt and concatenating lines with a DELETE Paragraphs or blocks of text are deleting by moving them to the text register and then emptying the text register VEDIT Visual Editor Visual Mode Task Tutorial Operation Deleting characters backwards Deleting characters forwards Erase from cursor to end of line Erase entire line cursor is on Delete paragraphs and blocks of text Page 27 DELETING TE
67. dit session BEGIN EDITING NEW FILE It is not necessary to exit VEDIT and invoke VEDIT again from the operating system in order to edit another file Since the contents of the text register is not lost when you begin editing another file from within VEDIT it is very easy to copy or move a portion of one file to another l VISUAL If in visual mode ESCAPE enter command mode 2 EY Save current file on disk and empty the text buffer 3 EBnewfile ext Begin editing the file 4 V newfile ext which may be an existing file or a file to be created Enter visual mode for full screen editing of the file VEDIT Visual Editor Page 36 Command Mode Task Tutorial i l Purpose 1 2 3 4 MAKING MORE MEMORY SPACE com em ase ene Gane Ge Gru SD Uns Cams GD ES GED CD ce i SEED co deve GND date ED GED ta When using the text register extensively you may run out of memory space for performing the desired operations This is usually indicated by a BREAK in command mode or a FULL in visual mode You should first try and empty out the text register If this does not give you enough room you can write out the first part of the text if it is already edited Position cursor past end of text which does not need changing it s been corrected already VISUAL Enter command mode ESCAPE 0W V Write this text out to disk More room is now available Enter visual mode for full s
68. e 5EO will print the preceding 5 lines Additionally the command OEO will print all lines from the beginning of the text buffer to the current edit pointer The edit pointer is the same as the cursor position when you change from visual to command mode Therefore the command to print the entire text is ZOEO Print entire text on line printer Disk Buffering in Command Mode While the disk buffering can be fully automatic in visual mode it is not done automatically in command mode because it would almost surely interfere with the explicit file handling often done in command mode VEDIT has a full set of commands for reading and writing files Commands must be issued in order to read a file write a file and perform forward disk buffering In some cases it will be easier to switch into visual mode and allow it to perform the disk buffering automatically VEDIT Visual Editor Page 61 Command Mode The ER command opens a file for reading but does not actually read anything in The file can be read with the nA command Similarly the EW command opens a file for writing but does not write anything out Text can be written out with the nW command Forward disk buffering in command mode therefore requires successive W and A commands Some commands perform automatic reading writing when invoked The EB command performs an auto read which reads in the entire file from disk or until the text buffer is nearly full The EY
69. e P amp T VEDIT USER S MANUAL P amp T VEDIT USER S MANUAL P amp T VEDIT USER S MANUAL Copyright 1980 1981 1983 Theodore Green author Published by Pickles amp Trout P O Box 1206 Goleta California 93116 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced transmitted transcribed stored in a retrieval system or translated into any language in any form or by any means electronic magnetic optical chemical manual or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher Printed in the United States of America 10987654 Pickles amp Trout is a registered trademark of Pickles amp Trout CP M is a registered trademark of Digital Research Inc MP M is a trademark of Digital Research Inc CDOS is a trademark of Cromemco Ine TRS 80 is a trademark of Tandy Corp The publisher and author have made a reasonable effort to insure that the computer programs described herein are correct and operate properly and that the information presented in this publication is accurate however they are sold without warranties either expressed or implied including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantibility and fitness for a particular purpose The publisher and author are not liable for consequential damages resulting from the use of this product either individually or in concert with other computer programs Further the publisher and author reserve the right to revise this publ
70. e literally and not interpreted This is the only way to search for characters such as lt CTRL R gt lt CTRL U gt and lt CTRL H gt which are also used for line editing It is also an alternate way to search for the lt ESC gt character For example the following examples insert text containing a lt CTRL H gt and search for the same text l Iword lt CTRL Q gt lt CTRL H gt Fword lt CTRL Q gt lt CTRL H gt These two commands both search for the string h lt ESC gt F h lt ESC gt Fh lt CTRL Q gt lt ESC gt CP M and VEDIT both require that lines end in a lt CR gt lt LF gt pair However when files are transferred from mainframe computers the lines often end in a lt CR gt without the lt LF gt These lone lt CR gt must be changed to lt CR gt lt LF gt pairs One cannot simply search for a lt CR gt by typing the lt enter gt key because it is expanded into lt CR gt lt LF gt unless the lt enter gt is preceded with a lt CTRL Q gt Therefore the command to change all lone lt CR gt to lt CR gt lt LF gt pairs is b S lt CTRL Q gt lt CR gt lt CR gt Iteration Macros An iteration macro allows a group of commands to be repeated with or without user intervention as many times as desired They are most useful in searching and replace tasks changing all instances of a misspelled word for example An iteration macro s general construction is a group of commands enclosed by brackets
71. e Return to command mode 5 OWEF Write the first part of the large OASS file to file2 and close it OA EWfile3 will read in more of file if necessary Setup the second output file 6 V See step 4 Not needed if only splitting into two parts 7 optional Not needed if splitting into two parts Write the 2nd part of large OWEF file to file3 and close it OA OASS will read in more of filel if EWfile3 necessary Setup the third output file 8 EX Write the rest of the large file to the last output file and exit VEDIT VEDIT Visual Editor _ Page 40 Command Mode Task Tutorial RECOVERY FROM FULL DISK ERRORS If you attempt to write more text to disk than the disk can Purpose hold you will get a NO DISK SPACE error and a return to command mode Occasionally you may get a NO DIR SPACE error which means the disk has insufficient directory space to hold the rest of the file You can recover from both of these errors by deleting old files on the disk or by writing the rest of the file to another disk Note you might want to keep a fairly recent directory or STAT listing handy to determine which files can be deleted 1 EX You attempt to finish the edit session but you get the disk full NO DISK SPACE error BREAK 2 EKoldfile Delete one or more old files on the disk Don t delete any files or the VEDIT REV file 3 EX Continue finishing the edit session
72. e previous file PART1 TXT VEDIT Visual Editor Page 84 Command Mode Detailed Command Description Example Description Notes See Also Example EC Edit Change Disk EC This command must be given before the user attempts to change any logged in disks in order to recovery from a disk write error or to read files from another disk An error is given if the current disk has an output file which has not been closed In this case it should be closed with the EF command This command is used in the event of a disk write error where the user does not wish to delete any files with the EK command In this case the EF command should be given to close that part of the output file which has been written to the original disk Then issue the EC command It will prompt with a message when the original disk can be removed and a new disk inserted Type an lt enter gt after the new disk is inserted and then issue an EW command to open a file for output The user can then issue any W command or the EX command When the edit session is over the output file is in two parts on two disks They can easily be merged with a PIP command or with VEDIT See the ER command for this This command can also be used to switch to another disk before an ER or EG command Be sure that the entire input file has been read into memory before issuing the EC command Commands EK EF Disk Write Error Recovery ECS Will g
73. ecial character VEDIT Visual Editor Page 65 Brief Command Description n denotes a positive number represents 32767 m denotes a number which may be negative to denote backwards in the text buffer string sl s2 and lt enter gt key in them text denote strings which may include the May use explicit terminators or else must end in lt ESC gt file is a disk file name in normal CP M MSDOS format with optional disk drive and extension Any leading spaces are ignored Must be ended with an lt ESC gt mC mD E nFstring lt ESC gt Itext lt ESC gt nNstring lt ESC gt Append n lines from the input file to the end of the text buffer 0A performs an auto read Read back n lines from the Output file 0A reads back until the text buffer is nearly full Move the edit pointer to the beginning of the text buffer Move the edit pointer by m positions Delete m characters from the text First letter of extended two letter commands Search for the n th occurrence of string in the current text buffer and position the edit pointer after it Only the first 32 characters of string are searched Insert the contents of the pointer text register at the edit Insert the text into the text buffer at the edit pointer The edit pointer is moved past text Kill delete m lines and leave at the
74. ed by CP M to mark the end of a file The NEXT CHAR LITERAL function places the next character typed on the keyboard into the text Any control character which can be generated from the keyboard can be placed into the text In case a character must be inserted which cannot be generated from the keyboard the command mode EI command can be used This command can insert any character with a decimal value between 00 and 255 except CTRL Z decimal 26 into the text Indent and Undent Functions As an aid in word processing and writing programs in structured languages such as Pascal PL I and C the visual mode has the INDENT and UNDENT functions These functions allow the editor to automatically pad up to the Indent position with tabs and spaces when a new line is started with the lt enter gt key The INDENT key moves the Indent position to the right by the Indent increment and the UNDENT key moves the Indent position back to the left If the cursor is on a new line or before any text on the line when the INDENT or UNDENT is pressed the cursor and any following text will also move to the new Indent position Normally the Indent position is zero and when a lt enter gt is typed a lt CR gt lt LF gt pair is inserted into the text and the cursor moves to column 1 of the next line After the INDENT key is pressed once and a lt enter gt typed the cursor will be positioned not in column 1 but rather at the first inde
75. ed without using the lt ESC gt character The second allows search error messages to be suppressed Two special characters have significance in strings being searched The first is the wildcard character which will match any character in the text being searched The second is lt CTRL Q gt which allows the following control character to appear literally in the string The commands F N S and I are followed by a text string which is normally delimited with an lt ESC gt An option allows an explicit delimiting character to begin and end the text string With VEDIT Visual Editor Page 56 Command Mode this option the character immediately following the F N S or I command is the delimiter Any character can be the delimiter but is a good choice Note that the text string itself cannot contain the delimiting character This option can be invoked by preceding the command with a For examples the commands on the left side are equivalent to those on the right Fspeled V F speled V Sspeled spelled v S speled spelled V 4Fpoint V 4 F point Ia new line I a new line This explicit delimiter option can also be made the default by setting it with the ES command or during customization With the option ON the character is no longer needed Although using this option requires more characters to be typed many users find that it makes the commands more understandable It also allows the
76. end m lines to the line printer OEO Change the value of parameter n to m Cursor type 0 l or 2 Cursor blink rate 10 100 Indent Increment 1 20 Lower case convert 0 1 or 2 Conditional convert character 32 126 Display line and column number 0 1 2 or 3 Quit the current edit session Open the file file for input Change the value of switch n to m Expand Tab with spaces O NO 1 YES Auto buffering in visual mode O NO 1 YES 2 BACK Start in visual mode O NO 1 YES Point past text reg insert O NO 1 YES Ignore UC LC search distinction 0 NO 1 YES Clear screen on visual exit O NO 1 YES Reverse Upper and Lower case O NO 1 YES Suppress search errors O NO 1 YES Explicit string terminators O NO 1 YES Set new tab positions Print the VEDIT version number Open the file file for output Create Backup Normal exit back to CP M after writing output file Finish writing and close output file VEDIT Visual Editor Page 112 Appendix C Error Messages l VEDIT prints a message on the CP M console device when the user should be notified of an unusual or special condition All messages are descriptive and the user should not normally have to refer to this appendix in order to understand the message or error The messages fall into three categories fatal errors non fatal errors and other messages Fatal errors result in an abort of the disk operation being performed and a return to com
77. end of the next text line Is a combination of ZIP and BACK TAB First moves the cursor to the end of the text line If it already is at the end of a line it moves to the beginning of the screen line Move the cursor to the beginning of next text line Similar to CURSOR UP except that the cursor remains on the same screen line and the screen moves down instead Similar to CURSOR DOWN except that the cursor remains on the same screen line and the screen moves up instead VEDIT Visual Editor Page 51 Visual Mode Edit Functions Cursor Movement PAGE UP PAGE DOWN SCREEN TOGGLE This scrolls the screen to give a similar effect to typing CURSOR UP for 3 4 screen lines This scrolls the screen to give a similar effect to typing CURSOR DOWN for 3 4 screen lines Move the cursor first to the last allowed screen line or if already there to the first allowed screen line VEDIT Visual Editor Page 52 Visual Mode Edit Functions Visual Function SET INSERT MODE RESET INS MODE SWITCH INS MODE DELETE BACKSPACE EREOL ERLINE UNDO NEXT CHAR LITERAL REPEAT INDENT Change the mode to INSERT if not already there Change the mode to NORMAL if not already there Switch the mode to the opposite Note that normally either SET INS MODE and RESET INS MODE or SWITCH INS MODE would be implemented during the VEDIT Customization process Delete the character a
78. er to change all occurrences of the word and to or the following command may have been given Wrong Sand or v The user might then see in Visual Mode that the word sand was changed to sor which was not the intention The VISUAL ESCAPE would stop the command and the following correct command could then be given Right S and or v If it is unnecessary or undesirable to view each substitution in Visual Mode the previous replace operation could take the simpler form S and or Note that this is not an iteration macro but rather just a form of the S command Because it executes much quicker it is preferable to the equivalent command Slow S and or The commands I for Insert and T for Type are useful in iteration macros The T can be used to type out the lines that are changed in an iteration macro without going into Visual Mode The I command is useful when the same text is to be inserted into the text buffer many times For example to begin creating a table of 60 lines where each line begins with a lt TAB gt and the following command can be used before the rest of the table is filled in Visual Mode 60 I lt TAB gt lt CR gt The lt CR gt will be expanded into a lt CR gt lt LF gt pair Iteration macros only work from the edit pointer position forward unless a particular command has a negative prefix Therefore be sure to place the edit pointer at the beginning of
79. es See Also Examples nFs1 lt ESC gt Find Fmispell 10Fwords F This command searches the text buffer beginning from the current edit pointer for the n th occurrence of the string sl The edit pointer will be positioned after the last character of the n th occurrence of sl if it is found If the n th occurrence of sl is not found an error will be given unless suppressed and the edit pointer will be positioned after the last occurrence of s1 found or be left at its original position if no occurrences of sl were found If no string is specified the search will reuse the previously specified string The switch Ignore Upper Lower case distinction will determine if the search will ignore the distinction between upper and lower case letters If the search is to include parts of the file not yet in the text buffer use the N command The search is always forward never backwards While ignoring the upper lower case distinction is usually more convenient the search will take a little longer Remember that the wild card character can be used The character allows an explicit delimiting character For the command form Fs1 lt ESC gt an error is only given if no occurrences of sl are found Command N BFhello Searches for the word hello from the beginning of the text buffer 3Ffirst 5DIthird Changes every third occurrence of the word first to
80. essional musicians nw VEDIT Visual Editor Page 7 Getting Started Type the lt enter gt key and the line will be split into two lines Bach simply awed the professional musicians Now position the cursor at the end of the first line and type the DELETE function This will append the second line to the end of the first giving you your original line back Continue making edit changes until the text is modified to your satisfaction At this point you are ready to save your text on disk and return to the operating system For this you must exit Visual Mode and enter the Command Mode This is done by the VISUAL ESCAPE function which corresponds to typing the ESC key twice Try it The screen should scroll up and the cursor will be on the bottom line following the command mode prompt There is one very important thing to remember about the command mode All commands are ended by typing the ESC key twice One common command is to go back into the visual mode The command is V where indicates typing the ESC key This will put you back into visual mode with the status line on the bottom line The cursor will be positioned at the same place in the text although not necessarily on the screen as it was when you exited visual mode before Go back to command mode If necessary repeat switching between command and visual mode until you can clearly identify which mode you are in If you have a printer connected to your com
81. existing file by that name will be renamed to file BAK following an EF or EX Gives error if an output file is already open Exit back to CP M after writing the text and any unappended part of the input file to the output file Gives error if no output file is open Finishes editing a file by writing the entire text buffer and any remaining portion of the Input file to the Output file and closing it Usually followed by an EB command VEDIT Visual Editor Page 69 Command Mode Detailed Command Description Example Description Notes See Also Examples nA Append LOOAS 0A 0A This command will append n lines from the input file to the end of the text buffer Fewer lines will be appended if there is insufficient memory space for n lines or there are not n lines remaining in the input file If n is 0 an auto read is performed which reads all of the input file or until the main memory is almost full The command can be issued with n not zero after an auto read to read in more of the file An error is given if there is no input file open when this command is issued The input file can be opened with the EB and ER commands or when VEDIT is invoked from CP M The special forms nA and 0A will read back n lines from the Output file into the beginning of the text buffer 0A4 reads all of the Output file back or until the text buffer is almost full Nothing is read
82. f ESC is the escape character then ESC ESC is the suggested sequence for the function VISUAL ESCAPE In the unusual case that a displayable character like is used as the escape character a cannot be used for a visual operation since in this case will be treated by VEDIT as the normal character While all of this is complicated enough already there are a few pitfalls to avoid too You are well advised to use the preconfigured keyboard layout at first The only key which is predefined is the lt enter gt or CR key which is also CTRL M and cannot be used for any visual operation The special function keys on some keyboards send a code identical to a control character You may therefore unintentionally attempt to use the same control code for two visual operations In this case VEDSET will give an error message and request a new key for that function VEDIT Visual Editor Page 109 Appendix A Customization Notes A Word About The Keyboard Since the TRS 80 keyboards have a limited number of function keys you will need to use control keys and escape sequences for many of the visual editing functions You may use the named keys ie lt tab gt lt back space gt lt hold gt etc for any function you wish but it is usually best to assign functions to them that match the name on the key reasonably well Note that the function keys on the TRS 80 keyboards generate standard control codes hence if you assig
83. f the text register Insert the text into the text buffer Kill m lines Move the edit pointer by m lines Search for n th occurrence of string in file Put m lines of text into the text register Search for and change sl to s2 Type m lines Print of unused used and text register bytes Go into visual mode Write n lines to the output file OW Write lines from edit pointer to VEDIT REV file Move edit pointer to end of text Search wildcard character Each will match any character in the text being searched Literal Character Next char is taken literally Precedes F I command to indicate explicit terminator N S Precedes F N message S command to suppress search error Represents maximum positive number 32767 Signifies forever or all occurrences of VEDIT Visual Editor Page lll Appendix B Command reference EXTENDED COMMANDS EBfile EC EF EGfile line range nEI EKfile mEO EP n m EQ ERfile ES nm ET EV EWfile EX EY DUO WH e COn AM EW NE Restart the editor EX and EB Open file for Read amp Write perform an auto read Change disks for reading or write error recovery Close the current output file Insert the specified line number range of the file file into the text buffer at the edit position Insert the character whose decimal value is n Erase kill the file file from the disk S
84. ffer and an attempt to do so will leave the edit pointer at the beginning or the end respectively Remember that every line normally ends in a lt CR gt lt LF gt carriage return line feed which represents two character positions Commands D L Fhello 5C Searches for the word hello and if it is found positions the edit pointer at the beginning of the word VEDIT Visual Editor Page 71 Command Mode Detailed Command Description Example Description Notes See Also Examples Example Description Notes See Also Examples mD Delete 12D 4D This command deletes m characters from the text buffer starting at the current edit pointer If m is positive the m characters immediately at and following the edit pointer are deleted If m is negative the m characters preceding the edit pointer are deleted Fewer than m characters will be deleted if the ends of the text buffer are reached Commands C K 100 FBIKES D The S will be deleted from up to 100 occurrences of the word BIKES E Extended Commands EX EV This is not a command by itself but just the first letter of all the extended commands The extended commands are described later in this section No error is given if just E is given Extended commands VEDIT Visual Editor Page 72 Command Mode Detailed Command Description Example Description Not
85. ger than one half the maximum text buffer size may create a non working version of VEDIT When auto buffering is initiated an attempt is made to append this number of K bytes to the end of the text If there is insufficient memory space for appending this many bytes this many bytes are written from the beginning of the text buffer to the output file An auto read is then performed which reads in the rest of the input file or until the memory is filled to within the number of spare bytes specified by Spare Memory for Auto Read VEDIT Visual Editor Appendix B Command reference Page 110 n denotes a positive number represents 32767 m denotes a number which may be negative to denote backwards in the file string sl and s2 denote text strings file is a file name in the normal CP M format with optional drive and extension specified nA nA B mC mD E nFstring lt ESC gt G Itext lt ESC gt mK mL nNstring lt ESC gt mP r Ss1 lt ESC gt s2 lt ESC gt mT U V nW 0W Z SPECIAL CHARACTERS lt CTRL Q gt oo Append n lines from the input file 0A Read n lines back from output file 0A Move the edit pointer to text beginning Move the edit pointer by m positions Delete m characters from the text l First letter of extended two letter commands Search for n th occurrence of string Insert the contents o
86. h indicates at VEDIT Visual Editor Page 21 Visual Mode Task Tutorial what position on the screen you are editing It will initially be in the upper left hand corner At this point you are ready to begin editing For the purposes of this tutorial it will be best if you begin by editing a file which already exists instead of creating a new one If you don t have any such files available use a copy of the SAMPLE TXT file on your master diskette INVOKING VEDIT VEDIT FILENAME EXT You will land in Visual Mode status line will appear at the top or bottom of screen OR Command Mode prompt depending on the parameter set by command ES See Command Mode Detailed Command Description VEDIT Begin in Command Mode Choose a file to edit with an EBfilename or perform any other Command Mode command VEDIT INFILE EXT OUTFILE EXT INFILE EXT will be read in and not altered while OUTFILE EXT will be created If OUTFILE EXT already exists it will be renamed to OUTFILE BAK This form is equivalent to invoking VEDIT without any filenames second form and then issuing the command ERinfile ext EWoutfile ext Use this form if the edited file is more than half a disk long In this case INFILE EXT is the file to be edited and OUTFILE EXT is specified to be on another disk drive with a nearly blank disk VEDIT Visual Editor Page 22 Visual Mode Task Tutorial Keyboard Characters When in the visual mode
87. hile you are editing in visual mode Switch 3 determines whether or not the edit session will begin in visual mode Changing this switch while running VEDIT will only apply to the EA command Switch 4 determines the edit pointer s position or cursor s in visual mode following insertion of the text register If the switch is off the edit pointer is not moved and is thus left at the beginning of the newly inserted text If the switch is on the edit pointer is moved just past the newly inserted text VEDIT Visual Editor Page 92 Command Mode Detailed Command Description l i Switch 5 determines whether VEDIT will make a distinction between upper and lower case letters in searches and substitutes using the F N and S commands Most users will probably wish to ignore the distinction so that the string why will match Why WHY and why Setting the switch to 1 will make VEDIT ignore the distinction _ between upper and lower case characters during searches Notes See Also Example Switch 6 determines whether the screen will be cleared when visual mode is exited and command mode entered If the screen is not cleared the command mode prompt will appear below the status line Setting the switch to 1 will clear the screen when visual mode is exited Switch 7 determines whether all letters typed on the keyboard will be reversed with respect to upper and lower case It should normally be OFF b
88. ication and the programs described herein and to make changes from time to time in the contents thereof without obligation of the publisher or author to notify any person or organization of such revision or changes l Section Table of Contents I Introduction to VEDIT 0 e II Getting Started amp sas ate ela ea an ela 1 2 Sample First Edit Session e Overall Description oe Introduction 0 e Basic Editing Concepts seee Visual Mode 0 0 0 0 Command Mode e eese 0 Which Mode to use for What Word Processing with VEDIT The Text Register 0 o Automatic Disk Buffering e Forward Disk Buffering e e e e Backward Disk Buffering e Visual and Command Modes Task Tutorial Invoking VEDIT 0 0 0 0 Keyboard Characters amp Edit Functions Cursor Movement e 0 0 0 0 oo Page Movement e 0 s oo oo Adding New Text e 6 0 0 oe 000000 Visual Functions Deleting Text e e e 0 0 0 0 0 we wo Correcting Mistakes Made to a Line Repeating Operations e 0 e 0 Indenting Text e 0 e 0 0 o e oo Mo
89. iefly try them all out Don t be concerned about remembering them all now Some are more important than others and you will get along quite well knowing only UP DOWN RIGHT LEFT ZIP PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN VEDIT Visual Editor Visual Mode Task Tutorial Operation Move cursor right Move cursor left Move cursor up Move cursor down First character of current line Move cursor to next tab position Last character of current line First and last character of current line First character of next line CURSOR MOVEMENT CURSOR RIGHT CURSOR LEFT CURSOR UP CURSOR DOWN BACK T nia TAB CURSOR ZIP LINE TOGGLE NEXT LINE Page 23 VEDIT Visual Editor l Page 24 Visual Mode Task Tutorial Operation Command Sequence me ene ane ames ete OD ome Sen cee E CT E Top and bottom SCREEN screen lines TOGGLE Move cursor up SCROLL by scrolling UP Move cursor down SCROLL by scrolling DOWN Purpose To rapidly access other regions of the file not currently displayed on the screen Operation Command Sequence Previous Page of PAGE text UP Next Page of text PAGE DOWN First Page of text First character Last Page of text Last character VEDIT Visual Editor Page 25 Visual Mode Task Tutorial Adding New Text The three functions relating to the Insert Mode give you two choices for switching between the Insert and Normal modes You started in
90. ile all other files will exist on disk just as they did before the aborted edit session Commands EA KSS Shoot Meant K EQ Since a bad mistake was made in the above command it is best to abort this edit session go back to the operating system and start over All edit changes are lost VEDIT Visual Editor Page 90 Command Mode Detailed Command Description Example Description Notes See Also Example ERfile lt ESC gt Edit Read ERnewfile txt This command opens the file file for input reading Nothing is read into the text buffer with this command The A command or an auto read is used to actually read the input file If the same file was already open for input the file is rewound so that the file can again be read from the beginning An error is given if the file file does not exist Files can also be read from disks which are not currently running by using the EC command Issue the EC command insert the new disk into a drive which is not being used for any output file and open a file for reading with the ER command This may be necessary in case a file has been split into two parts during a disk write error recovery Commands A EC EB EW ERparts inv 20A The file PARTS INV is opened for input and twenty lines from it are appended to the end of the text buffer VEDIT Visual Editor Page 91 Command Mode Detailed Command Description Example
91. in order to get VEDIT up and running However once you are more familiar with VEDIT you will probably want to gain a better understanding of the customization in order to create a more personalized version of VEDIT VEDIT Checksum To help insure that your distribution diskette is intact the customization performs a checksum on the VEDIT file being customized If there is a fault a warning error message is given If you encounter this error make sure that you have copied the files from the distribution diskette properly If all else fails try running the customization on the distribution diskette If this still results in the error please contact us for an exchange diskette If you have patched the VEDIT file this error will result In this case it can be ignored and the new VEDIT file will contain a new checksum so that the error will not occur again unless the file becomes modified again Keyboard Layout Determining the desired keyboard layout for the cursor movement and function keys is the first task of the customization Refer to the keyboard layout Appendix E for the preconfigured VEDIT supplied with P amp T CP M 2 The best layout will depend on your personal preferences If and when you decide to try out your own layout you will want to avoid placing the keys you least want to hit by accident such as Erase Line or Home right next to the cursor movement keys Most visual operations will involve holding the CONTROL key
92. itor Page 74 Command Mode Detailed Command Description Example Description Notes See Also Examples Itext lt ESC gt Insert Ia word I lt CR gt new line This command inserts the text text into the text buffer starting at the current edit pointer The insertion is complete when the lt ESC gt or explicit delimiter character is encountered The inserted text does not overwrite any existing text The text may contain the lt CR gt key which is expanded to carriage return line feed If insufficient memory space exists for the text an error will be given and only part of the text will have been inserted The edit pointer is moved just past the inserted text This command is probably best used in iteration macros since normal text insertion is much easier to do in visual mode Control characters including lt ESC gt can be inserted by preceding them with the literal character lt CTRL Q gt The character allows an explicit delimiting character to be used The tab character is not expanded with spaces as is optional in visual mode Commands EI 200 I lt CR gt lt TAB gt Inserts 200 new lines each beginning with a tab character Iunder lt CTRL Q gt lt CTRL H gt _ Inserts the text under a BACKSPACE and the underline character This will underline the r on some printers I a word Inserts the text a word into the text buffer I EP 7 70 lt ESC gt lt CR gt
93. ittle different is the TAB CHARACTER which is normally assigned to the Tab Key or lt CTRL I gt When the Tab key is typed it inserts the tab character into the text which is displayed with spaces to the next tab position The tab positions are variable but are normally set to every 8 positions You can tell the difference between the tab character and Spaces by the way the cursor moves over them The cursor moves over each space individually but moves over the Tab as a unit i e a single CURSOR RIGHT might move you from column 1 to column 9 This reflects the fact that the Tab is a single character and should be treated as such When the cursor is at the Tab character it is displayed at the left side of the displayed spaces If you wish to insert other characters before the Tab and leave the Tab in the file you must be in the Insert mode Otherwise the first character you type will overwrite the Tab and shift the rest of line left The Tab character is commonly used when writing programs and aligning tabular data Text paragraphs are best not indented by using a Tab but rather typing four or five spaces VEDIT Visual Editor Page 45 Visual Mode Properties The TAB CHARACTER and the TAB CURSOR functions must not be confused The latter is strictly a cursor movement function and has nothing to do with Tab characters It only moves the cursor right to the character at the next tab position It is very similar to typing CURSOR R
94. ive prompt INSERT NEW DISK AND TYPE lt enter gt when the user should remove the old disk and insert a new disk VEDIT Visual Editor Page 85 Command Mode Detailed Command Description Example Description Notes See Also Example Example Description Notes See Also Example EF Edit Finish Close EF This command closes the output file and the file is saved on disk No file is saved on disk before either this command or an EX command is executed A backup of any existing file on disk with the same name as the output file is created by renaming it with a file extension of BAK Since the output file is actually opened with the CP M file extension the file is first closed then any existing file on disk with the same name as the output file is renamed to BAK and last the file is renamed to the true output file name Commands EW EX EY EWsave txt WSEFSS The contents of the text buffer is written out as the file SAVE TXT and that file is then closed EGfile line range Edit Get File EGfile txt 1 100 EGfile txt This command will insert a specified line number range of the file file into the text buffer at the edit pointer If insufficient memory exists to insert the entire file segment as much as possible will be inserted and a BREAK message will be given If no line range is specified the entire file is inserted The line numbers of a fi
95. ix is given is assumed The following example changes all occurrences of teith to teeth Example S teith teeth It is normal to get the error message CANNOT FIND when performing a search or replace command for all occurrences of a string because the command is literally searching for 32767 occurrences However the error will not occur for the S command Using Visual Mode in Iteration Macros Search and replace operations are often used in conjunction with the visual mode in order to edit the region or to confirm that the replacement was done correctly For example the following command will search for all occurrences of the word temporary and let those regions of the text be edited in visual mode Ftemporary V The following command could be used in a form letter to change the string name to the desired name check that it was done correctly in visual mode and if necessary make any edit changes S name Mr Jones V The Visual Mode has two ways of exiting back to Command Mode in order to help in using iteration macros The VISUAL EXIT simply exits and lets any iteration macro continue The second VISUAL ESCAPE exits to Command Mode but also aborts any iteration macro The latter is used when the user realizes that the iteration macro is VEDIT Visual Editor Page 59 Command Mode not doing what was intended and does not want the macro to further foul things up For example in ord
96. k Send m lines to the line printer 0EO prints from the beginning of the text buffer to the current line Change the value of parameter n to k Currently there are the following parameters Cursor type Mem Mapped Only 0 1 or 2 Cursor blink rate Mem Mapped Only 5 100 Indent Increment 1 20 Lower case convert 0 1 or 2 Conditional convert character 32 126 Display line and column position 0 3 0 none 1 line 2 column 3 both Quit the edit session and leave disk files exactly as before the session started Open the file file for input Gives error if file does not exist VEDIT Visual Editor Page 68 Brief Command Description ES nk ET EV EWfile EX EY WOON AU PWN EH Change the value of switch n to k Currently there are the following switches Expand Tab with spaces O NO 1 YES Auto buffering in visual mode O NO 1 YES 2 BACK Start in visual mode O NO 1 YES Point past text reg insert O NO 1 YES Ignore UC LC search distinction 0 NO 1 YES Clear screen on Visual Exit O NO 1 YES Reverse Upper and Lower case O NO 1 YES Suppress search errors 0 NO 1 YES Explicit string terminators O NO 1 YES Set new tab positions The ET is followed by up to 30 decimal numbers specifying the tab positions Since the positions start at 1 the normal positions would be 9 17 25 33 etc Print the VEDIT version number Open the file file for output Any
97. large file and wish to begin editing from the beginning again it will generally be faster to restart the edit session with the EA command rather than using backward disk buffering Before you decide that backward disk buffering is never worthwhile let us say that it is very useful with large capacity disk systems such as 8 double density or Hard disks where there is usually plenty of free disk space VEDIT Visual Editor Page 20 Visual Mode Task Tutorial i i Section 2 Visual and Command Modes Task Tutorial This section is a tutorial on the basic editing capabilities of VEDIT It is task oriented and gives the commands necessary to perform simple editing operations such as inserting text and more complex tasks such as moving text and concatenating files As a Hands On tutorial it is meant to be followed while actually running VEDIT Later as a reference it explains how to combine commands in order to perform a desired task Not every possible text editing situation or sequence of commands is included here However we have tried to include a comprehensive list of editing tasks some elementary others with many steps Tasks are presented so that you should rarely have to look forward in this section to learn something necessary for the completion of the current task For example moving the cursor is the first task discussed it is used in almost every following task The labeled boxes in this section represent
98. le can be printed by PIP using the N option Commands A ER EGlibrary asm 34 65 Lines 34 through 65 of the file LIBRARY ASM are inserted into the text buffer at the edit pointer VEDIT Visual Editor Page 86 Command Mode Detailed Command Description Example Description Notes See Also Example Example Description Notes See Also Example nEI Edit Insert 12EI This command will insert the character whose decimal value is n into the text buffer at the edit pointer This is useful for entering special control characters into the text buffer especially characters which cannot be generated from the keyboard Characters with a decimal value between 128 and 255 can also be entered with the EI command Only the End of File marker with a value of 26 cannot be entered Control characters are displayed in both command and visual mode by preceding the letter with an Up Arrow Commands I 8EIS A backspace character is inserted into the text buffer at the edit pointer 92EI A is inserted into the text with the EI command EKfile lt ESC gt Edit Kill EKfile txt EK 2 2 2 bak This command will erase kill file from the disk This is the easiest method of freeing disk or directory space to recover from a disk write error Never erase any files or the VEDIT REV file from within VEDIT These are the temporary files VEDIT is using Don t delete the input
99. le is open for performing forward disk buffering Command F Auto Buffering Ntypo 4DItype Changes all occurrences of the string typo to type in the rest of the file N typo 4D I type Alternate form of the same command using explicit delimiters Nxxxx Accesses the last part of the file assuming the string xxxx never occurs in it VEDIT Visual Editor Page 77 Command Mode Detailed Command Description Example Description Notes See Also Examples mP Put 40P 20P OP This command saves a copy of the specified text lines in the text register The previous contents of the text register are destroyed The range of lines saved is the same as for the K or T commands If m is zero the text register is simply emptied and nothing is saved in it Since the text buffer and the text register share the same memory space saving text in the text registers decreases the amount of memory available to the text buffer Thus the OP command should be given when the text in the register is no longer needed This command does not change the text buffer If there is insufficient memory space for the text copy the text register is only emptied nothing is saved in it and an error is given The saved text is inserted in the text buffer with the G command or in Visual mode Commands G K T Visual Mode text move 120P 120K The text lines are saved in the text register and are then
100. line in the text buffer with the string money in it U Unused Free Memory US This command displays the number of memory bytes free for use by the text buffer or text register followed by the number of memory bytes used by the text buffer length of the text buffer followed by the number of memory bytes used by the text register length of the text register These three numbers will not always add up to the same total since several other small buffers all use the same memory space If the number of free bytes goes below 260 the FULL flag will be set when in visual mode VEDIT Visual Editor Page 80 Command Mode Detailed Command Description Example Description Notes See Also Examples Example Description Notes See Also Examples Vv Visual V This command enters Visual Mode The visual cursor position will be set to the edit pointer position Upon return to the command mode by VISUAL EXIT or VISUAL position ESCAPE the edit pointer will be set to the cursor The text register is preserved Visual Mode Fhere V Finds here and enters visual mode 20W W 0W 0W This command writes n lines from the beginning of the text buffer to the output file and deletes them from the buffer If there are less than n lines in the buffer the entire buffer is written out and deleted If n is zero the entire buffer up to the line the edit pointe
101. lt ESC gt character to be searched which is useful when editing macros For example the following command searches for the string h lt ESC gt lt ESC gt F h lt ESC gt lt ESC gt V Note that the lt ESC gt lt ESC gt does not end a command if it appears between explicit delimiters Since it is easy to forget the second delimiter and type lt ESC gt lt ESC gt the command mode prompt changes from its normal to indicating that the command has not yet ended The command F will always search for the last used string even if the explicit delimiter was used for the original string or is currently in effect F Search for last used string Search error messages can be suppressed by preceding the F N or S command with a Alternately the suppression may be turned ON with the ES command or during customization This is primarily useful with macros which contain many S commands and where the macro should not terminate if some of the strings are not found A useful feature for some search operations is the special character Each in the string being searched will match any character in the text The search string C N will match CAN CIN C N and others Similarly C E will match CONE C NE and others n l The literal character lt CTRL Q gt operates similar to the NEXT CHAR LITERAL in visual mode in that the next character is treated VEDIT Visual Editor Page 57 Command Mod
102. mand mode if possible else a return to CP M These are caused by certain disk errors described below The non fatal errors usually just signify that a typo was made or that some small detail was overlooked These only result in a message and the user can try again FATAL ERRORS NO DISK SPACE The disk became full before the entire output file was written As much of the output file as possible was written Refer to the section on disk write error recovery CLOSE ERROR The output file could not be closed This isa very unusual condition but may occur if the disk becomes write protected READ ERROR An error occurred reading a file This error should never occur since CP M itself normally gives an error if there was a problem reading the disk NO DIR SPACE There was no directory space left for the output file Refer to the section on disk write error recovery REV FILE OPEN You cannot change disks because the VEDIT REV file is open while performing backward disk buffering NON FATAL ERRORS INVALID COMMAND The specified letter is not a command CANNOT FIND The specified string could not be found This is the normal return for iteration macros which search for all occurrences of a string NESTING ERROR You cannot nest macros deeper than 8 levels BAD PARAMETER Something was specified wrong with your EI EP ES or ET command VEDIT Visual Editor Page 113 Appendix C Error Messages NO INPUT FILE NO OUTPU
103. n t need to understand the entire customization process in order to install VEDIT Setting up a new keyboard layout is one aspect of the customization It allows almost any control character escape sequence or special function key to be used for the visual mode cursor movements and editing functions The changeable parameters include the Tab positions the right margin at which word wrap takes place and many others Another aspect is related to your screen size including the number of lines and columns The first part of this appendix gives the step by step instructions for the customization The later part Customization Notes covers some of the customization issues in greater depth WHEN IS CUSTOMIZATION NECESSARY VEDIT is supplied already customized and ready to run for P amp T CP M 2 You may begin to use it at once The keyboard layout for this ready to use version is given in Appendix E After using VEDIT for a while you may wish to change some default parameters or try a new keyboard layout The greatest benefit you receive from the customization process is probably the ability to determine your own keyboard layout so you can accommodate your personal preferences You will find four disk files on your master diskette which relate to VEDIT VEDIT COM is a preconfigured version that is ready to run VEDIT SET is an unconfigured version that you may configure if you want a different configuration VEDSET COM is the customization pr
104. n them to visual mode functions the control codes that they generate may not be used for other functions Memory Size Dependent Parameters The first parameter Spare Memory for Auto Read determines how many bytes of memory are free after VEDIT does an auto read such as following an EB command This size must be specified between 1024 and 32768 A reasonable size is about 1 4 of the size of the text buffer for small systems and a little less for large systems Choosing a 1K 1024 byte multiple makes the disk read write work a little bit faster In particular do not make this value more than 2 times larger than the value in the table or you may produce a non operational editor This value is NOT the amount of memory VEDIT will use for the text buffers since VEDIT always sizes memory and uses all that is available Rather this value is the number of bytes that is free in the text buffer after a file is read which is larger than the available memory space For example ina 64K system the available memory is about 46K If the table value of 8192 was used and a very large file edited VEDIT would initially read in only the first 38K of the file leaving 8192 bytes free This can be verified with the U command The second parameter Size of File Transfers specifies the size of file transfers during auto buffering and for the N command For normal use a value about 1 3 the size of the text buffer is good Specifying a value lar
105. nes and indicating in the first reserved column those screen lines that are continuation lines This indication is usually in the form of the up arrow character which can be displayed in reverse video These continuation lines are created as necessary while you type Note If you are just beginning to use VEDIT you may wish to skip to the Visual Mode Task Tutorial at this point Command Mode In command mode the user enters command lines which consist of single commands concatenated commands or iteration macros Each command line whether it consists of one command or multiple commands is ended with an lt ESC gt lt ESC gt there is no lt enter gt Each command consists of a single letter or two letters if the first letter is E Extended commands Some commands may be preceded by a number to signify that the command is to be repeated or iterated If no number is given a l is used as the default Wherever a number is allowed you can also use the character to represent the maximum positive number 32767 Several commands are followed by additional arguments such as text strings or file names Multiple commands may be typed one after another on a command line They are always executed left to right Their effect is the same as if each command had been typed on its own command line A group of commands called an iteration macro may also be executed multiple times as a group by enclosing the group within VEDIT Vis
106. ng 132P132K EA 10LG Moves 132 lines of text by saving it in the text register killing the original lines and inserting the text after the tenth line of the file in the situation where the beginning of the file is no longer in the text buffer VEDIT Visual Editor Page 83 Command Mode Detailed Command Description Example Description Notes See Also Example EBfile lt ESC gt Edit Backup EBfile txt This command opens the file file for both input and output and then performs an auto read on the file It is similar to the sequence of commands ERfile lt ESC gt EWfile lt ESC gt 0A except that if the file does not yet exist on disk the message NEW FILE is displayed If an output file is still open an error is given and the command has no other effect The term backup is used here to describe this command since the term is used by some other editors to perform a similar operation Remember that VEDIT always creates a backup of a file on disk if its name is used as the name of the output file Commands W ER EW W EF EBnewfile txt The entire text buffer is written out to the current output file that file is closed and the file NEWFILE TXT is opened for input and output and read in ERpartl txt 0A EBpart2 txt The file PART1 TXT is read into the text buffer the file PART2 TXT is then made the current input and output file and is appended to the end of th
107. nt position i e column 5 if the Indent increment is set to four Pressing the INDENT key again will position the cursor still farther to the right after each lt enter gt i e to column 9 Each time the the UNDENT key is pressed the indent position moves back toward the left until it is back at zero The exact number of tabs and spaces inserted into the text buffer to pad up to the Indent position is related to the VEDIT Visual Editor Page 48 Visual Mode Properties currently set tab positions and the Indent Increment The padding will consist of the most tabs and fewest spaces in order to save memory and disk space For example assume that the Indent increment is set to the common value of four 4 and the tab positions at every eight 8 When the Indent position is eight the padding will consist of one tab when the Indent position is twenty the padding will consist of two tabs and four spaces On the other hand if the tab positions were set to every four only tabs would be used in the padding Note that if the Expand Tab with spaces switch is set only spaces will be used for padding This will use up lots of memory and disk space Lower to Upper Case Conversion Several modes are available for converting between lower and upper case letters as they are being typed on the keyboard There are three options for converting from lower to upper case 1 No conversion is made 2 All lower case letters a
108. o tab is needed at position 1 and counting starts at 1 not at zero Thus the normal tab positions are 9 17 25 33 41 49 57 65 73 81 89 97 105 113 121 129 For use in Visual mode there must be at least one tab position per screen line i e at least one tab every 64 or 80 positions Customization Visual Mode Indent and Undent Functions EV Edit Version EV This command displays the VEDIT version number This number should be used in any correspondence you have with us concerning the operation of VEDIT This command can also be used inside iteration macros to give some indication of the progress being made in long executing macros VEDIT Visual Editor Page 94 Command Mode Detailed Command Description 5 Example Description Notes See Also Example EW ile lt ESC gt Edit Write EWnewdat inv This command opens the file file for output and subsequent writing No text is actually written by this command Some file must be opened for output in order to save any text on disk A file can also be opened by the EB EA commands and when VEDIT is invoked from CP M If a file is already open for output an error is given and no other action takes place The file opened is actually a temporary file with the same name but with an extension of The file is not made permanent and given its true name until it is closed with the EF EA or EX commands At that time any existing file
109. ode This is appropriate because the visual mode is exceptionally easy to learn and use The command mode because of its powerful capabilities is more complex and more difficult to learn The most complex aspect of the command mode are the macros which can perform repetitive editing operations VEDIT Visual Editor Page 5 Getting Started Sample First Edit Session This sample edit session assumes that you are using VEDIT as it came with your Pickles amp Trout CP M In this edit session you will create a short file with the name of FIRST TRY which you can subsequently type out from the operating system To create this sample file invoke VEDIT with the command A gt VEDIT FIRST TRY lt enter gt After a short pause in which VEDIT is loaded from disk it will briefly display the message NEW FILE This is an indication that a new file is being created and not an existing one being edited VEDIT will then clear the screen and position the cursor in the upper left hand corner of the screen A row of dashes called the Status Line will appear at the bottom of the screen On the status line should be displayed the line and column number for the cursor in this case LINE 1 COL 1 Having the status line on the bottom screen line is an indication that you are in the Visual Mode of VEDIT in which you can perform full screen editing You can now begin to type some text which will appear on the screen and will even
110. ogram that allows you to configure VEDIT SAMPLE TXT is a sample text file that you may practice on when learning how to use VEDIT You may customize a copy of VEDIT as many times as you want If you are changing VEDIT s configuration you will probably customize it several times until you have everything just right You can of VEDIT Visual Editor Page 97 Appendix A Customizing VEDIT course also create several configurations of VEDIT each for a special application To help remind you of which configuration you are using you can create a custom signon message for each which will be displayed when VEDIT is invoked HOW TO PERFORM CUSTOMIZATION STEP 1 ENTER COMMAND SEQUENCE FROM OPERATING SYSTEM In order to customize VEDIT you will need the files VEDSET COM and VEDIT SET To begin customization type a command line like the following VEDSET VEDIT Newfile where Newfile is the name you want the configured version of VEDIT to have Typical choices would be VEDIT or EDIT You need not type the SET and COM extensions on the file names A running VEDIT a VEDIT COM file may be customized as well This allows some aspects of the customization to be changed without having to repeat the entire process A typical command to do this is as follows VEDSET OLDVEDIT COM NEWVEDIT where OLDVEDIT is the VEDIT you want to change you need to type the COM here and NEWVEDIT is the name of the new VEDIT If yo
111. olumn position on the status line VEDIT has two modes for inserting new text Insert mode and Normal mode In normal mode the new text will overwrite the existing text In insert mode the existing text is not overwritten but rather is squeezed to the right as the new text is typed New lines are started by simply typing the lt enter gt key Typing the lt enter gt key in the middle of a line splits it into two lines Text can be deleted on a character line or block basis One can delete the character to the left or at the cursor position an entire line or only the portion to the right of the cursor A useful feature is the ability to move or copy a section of text to any other position in the file Copy implies that the original text is not deleted while move implies that the original text is deleted This is done by first copying moving or appending the text to the text register scratch pad buffer and then inserting the text register at any place or places in the file It may also be inserted in another file Blocks of text are deleted by moving the block to the text register and emptying the text register or just forgetting about it Any portion of the text can easily be printed on the line printer and special printer control characters can be imbedded in the text Several options are available for dealing with the Tab character Normally when the Tab key on the keyboard is typed a tab character is placed into
112. ost stand alone word processors become increasingly inefficient because they can only edit a very small portion of the text at one time Some even have an upper limit to the size of text they can handle With longer documents such as manuscripts using VEDIT with a text output processor will get the job done faster and with less effort VEDIT Visual Editor Page 16 Overall Description The Text Register The purpose of the text register is to hold sections of text which are to be moved or copied to other positions in the file currently being edited The text register is empty when VEDIT is first invoked The register is loaded by copying moving or appending a portion of the main text to the register This may be done in either command or visual mode although it is usually easier in visual mode The contents of the register may then be inserted at the cursor position in visual mode or at the edit pointer in command mode The text register is not changed by any disk read write operations It can therefore be used to extract a section of text from one file and insert it anywhere in another file Inserting a text register does not destroy or change the register It may therefore be inserted repeatedly at different locations in the file The register acts as a scratch pad buffer in that it holds a temporary copy of text which is independent of the main text buffer This is for the purpose of copying or moving sections or blocks of text from
113. out of disk space by deleting files or inserting another disk Since so many hardware configurations different keyboards editing applications and personal preferences exist in the world VEDIT is supplied with a customization installation program in order to let users create versions of VEDIT which are most suitable to their hardware keyboard applications and preferences VEDIT Visual Editor Page 4 Getting Started Getting Started This manual is organized into five main sections The first section describes some basic editing concepts and then introduces the main features of VEDIT and the modes of operation The second section is a tutorial on the use of VEDIT including how to invoke and exit it and perform the most common editing operations It also covers some of the file handling including splitting and merging files and what to do if you accidentally run out of disk space Given an editing operation you wish to perform this section describes which function keys or commands to use to perform the operation The third section describes the visual mode in detail while the fourth section is devoted to a detailed description of the command mode The last section contains appendices of the customization process a reference guide of the commands and a description of the error messages Most users will want to perform the customization after gaining some familiarity with VEDIT While many parameters can be customized the menu driven
114. puter you may want to print the text you have just created This can be done from either the visual mode or the command mode To print the entire text from command mode give the command BHEOSS where indicates typing the ESC key Before giving the command make sure that your printer is properly connected and ON LINE Finally while in command mode you can give the command to save your text on disk and leave VEDIT The command is EX where indicates typing the ESC key You should now be back in the operating system with its A gt prompt You can check that your file is on disk with the directory command VEDIT Visual Editor Page 8 Getting Started DIR and can type it out with the TYPE command i e TYPE FIRST TRY You should see whatever you last saw on the screen in the visual mode of VEDIT This has introduced you to only a small list of VEDIT s capabilities However you have experimented with the basics which make up 90 of any editing task and have tried one of the ways of invoking VEDIT and saving the text on disk The next section gives an overview of more of VEDIT s capabilities and the following tutorial gives a hands on introduction to almost all of the visual mode and more of the command mode Good luck Notes If after invoking VEDIT you end up in the command mode a prompt and no status line this indicates that you either did not specify a filename after A gt VEDIT or customized V
115. r function just type lt enter gt to ignore the function Specifically you will probably want to use either SET INSERT MODE and RESET INSERT MODE or SWITCH INSERT MODE but not all three functions You probably won t use RESTART since the function is also available in command mode Otherwise choose something for RESTART which you are very unlikely to hit by mistake Don t confuse TAB CURSOR with the tab character since it is a cursor movement operation If you make a mistake just type lt enter gt for the rest of the functions and perform this task again 4 TASK 2 ADD ALTERNATE KEYS TO EXISTING LAYOUT Task 2 allows you to use alternate control codes for any of the editing functions For example your keyboard may have cursor keys which you have customized as the four basic cursor movements in VEDIT However out of habit you are still using CTRL S CTRL F CTRL E and CTRL C to move the cursor You can select task 2 to enter any such alternate control codes to use for any editing function Type the lt enter gt key for those functions you don t wish to invoke by an alternate contro sequence When running task 2 you should answer the escape character questions the same way as you did for task 1 Task 2 can also be used to specify the initial control code to use for an editing function if none was specified in task 1 i e you ignored the function by typing an lt enter gt for it The functional differen
116. r is on is written out The edit pointer is moved to the new beginning of the buffer If no output file is open an error is given and nothing is done The output file can be opened with an EW or EB command or when VEDIT is invoked The form 0W writes the text buffer from the line the cursor is on to the end of the text to the temporary VEDIT REV file creating the file if necessary This is primarily used to free up more memory space before backward disk buffering using the 0A command No indication is given if less than n lines were written Commands A EB EW EX EWpartl txt The first 24 lines of the text buffer 24WSS are written out to file PARTI TXT and EF the rest of the text buffer is written EWpart2 txt out to file PART2 TXT and the edit EX edit session is completed VEDIT Visual Editor Page 81 Command Mode Detailed Command Description Example Description Notes See Also Example Z This command moves the edit pointer to the last character in the text buffer This command does not move the edit pointer to the last character in the file if the last part of the file is not yet in the text buffer See the N command on how to bring the last part of the file into the text buffer Commands B N Z 100L Positions the edit pointer to the 100th line before the end of the text buffer Z 12T Types out the last twelve lines in the text buffer Nxcxc Z 12T Types
117. re converted to upper case 3 Conditional conversion of lower case to upper case for assembly language programming and other special applications The second option is similar to the Caps Lock on a keyboard the 26 lower case letters are converted to upper case The third option is specifically designed for assembly language programming In this mode lower case letters are converted to upper case if they occur to the left of a special character typically To the right of the they are not converted In this manner an assembly language program can be entered or edited with all lower case letters and VEDIT will automatically convert the labels opcodes and operands to upper case while leaving the comment fields alone This can also be used for Fortran programs and other special applications These options and the special character are set with the EP command Upper and lower case letters can also be reversed i e lower case converted to upper case and upper case converted to lower case This reversal is done immediately when a keyboard character is received and before any resulting lower case letter is converted to upper case as described above The letters are also reversed for the command mode This feature may be handy when most text is to be entered in upper case but where an occasional lower case character is also needed This mode is selected with the ES command VEDIT Visual Editor Page 49 Visual Mode Properties
118. reserved Cursor takes on last position of command mode Edit pointer denotes the ESC key SEARCHING AND SUBSTITUTING Enter the following commands while in Command Mode Since lt ESC gt is echoed with a type lt ESC gt appears Move cursor to beginning of Text Buffer not necessarily the beginning of the file and find lst occurrence of word Do same as BFword except enter Visual Mode after word is found Find next occurrence of word and enter Visual Mode Make changes in Visual Mode and return to Command Mode using VISUAL EXIT This command will repeat until the end of the text buffer is reached Search through the entire text for lst occurrence of word and substitute newword Replace word with newword throughout file in the command sequence wherever BFword BFword V Fword V Sword newword Sword newword VEDIT Visual Editor Page 35 Command Mode Task Tutorial Purpose SAVE ALREADY EDITED TEXT AND CONTINUE You should make it a habit to regularly save your text on disk during a long edit session This way you will lose less work in case of a power hardware or software failure or if someone accidentally turns off the computer Saving the text every hour and whenever you leave the computer is suggested 1 VISUAL l If in visual mode ESCAPE enter command mode 2 EA Purpose Write file to disk same file will be used to continue e
119. s gt OR a 2 EF Save whatever was already written to disk We will call this Part 1 3 EWa part2 Setup to write the rest of the text l 5 to the file part2 on another disk drive in this case drive NA LA 4 EX Write the rest of the text out to atpart2 and exit VEDIT You will now have to concatenate the two parts on the two disks back into one file See Concatenating Two Files a few pages back Note See the section Disk Write Error Recovery if you do not have enough space on any drive to save all of the file The procedure becomes more complicated but you can still save all of your changes and additions to the file VEDIT Visual Editor Page 41 Command Mode Task Tutorial Ending the Edit Session To end the edit session and exit VEDIT you must be in the command mode and issue one of the commands EX or EQ There isa world of difference between these two commands EX is the normal command to end an edit session and the text you were editing will be written out to disk The EQ command on the other hand aborts the edit session and DOES NOT write the text out to disk You won t use EQ very often Since this is just a practice session with VEDIT the text you are currently editing is probably all butchered up and you don t want it written out to disk Therefore the EQ command is the appropriate way to exit VEDIT now Of course if you would like to preserve your current text you should
120. se insertions deletions and corrections are immediately seen on the screen and become the changes to the file It is very easy to send any portion of the text to the line printer One scratchpad buffer may be accessed for cut and paste operations Other features such as automatic indenting for structured programming languages simplify and enhance program development editing VEDIT also provides a very flexible and powerful command mode for performing search and replace operations repetitive editing operations using several types of macros and much more Blocks of text may be copied or moved within the current file and other files in an almost unlimited manner The extensive file handling allows multiple files to be edited split and merged and includes the ability to insert a specified line range of another file at the edit position The powerful command macro capability allows complex editing tasks to be performed automatically Example of such tasks include numerous search replace operations on multiple files and source code translations The sophisticated disk buffering in VEDIT is designed to automatically perform the read write operations necessary for editing files larger than can fit in the main memory at one time This applies mostly to the visual mode and allows the editing in visual mode to be done with little concern over the size of the file being edited The user can also recover from common disk write errors such as running
121. se the amount of INDENT Indentation Move left margin to the right Decrease the amount of UNDENT Indentation Move left margin to the left VEDIT Visual Editor Page 30 Visual Mode Task Tutorial To change Indent Undent increment 1 Enter command mode VISUAL ESCAPE 2 Issue command where EP 3 n n of columns indented each time EX EP 3 4 will indent to 5th column 9th column etc 3 Enter visual mode again V Moving and Copying Blocks of Text A useful facility in VEDIT is the ability to move blocks of text to other regions in the file to duplicate blocks of text and to delete blocks of text These are done through the use of the Text Register and the functions COPY TO TEXT REGISTER MOVE TO TEXT REGISTER and INSERT TEXT REGISTER The text register is simply a region in memory in which VEDIT can store text which is independent of the main text you are editing A block of text is any amount of text from one character to an entire file You can COPY a block of text to the text register in which case your main text is unaltered or you can MOVE a block of text to the text register in which case it is also deleted from your main text At any time you can insert the text register into your main text which does not alter the text register The following page describes the steps to copy a block of text from one area of the file to another Note that at step 3 the cursor must be positioned just A
122. seq beginning of text buffer end of text buffer beginning of line move to next tab stop end of line beginning of next line alternate ends of line move text up l line move text down 1 line move up about l screen move down about 1 screen alternate ends of screen delete char before cursor delete char under cursor delete line can t undo restore line put tab in text put next key in text enter insert mode cancel insert mode toggle insert mode on off repeat next key increase indent decrease indent command mode stop macro command mode conte macro PICKLES amp TROUT P O BOX 1206 GOLETA CA 93116
123. sist of two parts the filename and the filetype or extension A separates the two parts and the filename may be up to 8 characters long and the extension up to 3 characters long When a file is to be edited its name must be specified in order for it to be read from disk The modified file may be written to disk with a new file name or with the original name The normal way of invoking and exiting VEDIT will cause it to write it with its original name One question in this case is What happens to the original text file VEDIT leaves the original file on disk too but since you cannot have two files on disk with the same name the name of the original file is changed to have an extension of BAK This is referred to as the backup of the file Any previous backup of the file on disk will be deleted by this process When a file is read from disk its contents are stored in the main memory of the computer The portion of main memory used for saving the file is referred to as the text buffer All changes made to the file are made in the text buffer When the editing is complete the file is saved again on disk This process of reading a file from disk or creating a new file making changes to the file and saving it on disk is referred to as an edit session Therefore two files are being processed while editing The file being read is called the input file and the file being written is called the output file Specifying to the
124. ssional musicians After typing the word awed the new line will appear as Bach simply awed the professional musicians Often you need to insert new text into the middle of a line For this you use the Insert Mode of VEDIT Look over your keyboard layout and find the key which performs the function SWITCH INSERT MODE or ENTER INSERT MODE Press the key or control sequence and the message INSERT should appear on the status line In Insert Mode text typed in the middle of a line will not over type any existing text but will shift the text right in order to make room for the new text Consider the following line Bach simply awed the professional musicians After typing the word all in Insert Mode the line will appear as Bach simply awed all the professional musicians Deletions are also an important part of editing VEDIT s two most used deletion functions are BACKSPACE and DELETE Check how your keyboard layout has assigned these functions Backspace deletes the character to the left of the cursor i e the character you may have just typed in DELETE deletes the character at the cursor position The line always closes up after any type of deletion Consider the following line Bach simply aweded the professional musicians After typing the DELETE function twice the line will be Bach simply awed the professional musicians Position the cursor in the first line as follows Bach simply awed the prof
125. t can be used to help you identify how the particular VEDIT was customized The message may be up to 64 characters long An example message might be Configured for PASCAL programming VEDIT Visual Editor Page 106 Appendix A Customizing VEDIT i STEP 10 TASK 8 DISPLAY OR PRINT KEYBOARD LAYOUT Selecting this task results in the following question DISPLAY ON PRINTER 0 OR CONSOLE 1 Type a 0 and lt enter gt if you wish to have the keyboard layout printed or 1 to see it displayed on the console screen The display will be similar to our example keyboard layout sheets and will also show any alternate keyboard sequences that may be used for each function This is a handy way to make a record of the keyboard layout If you forget the keyboard layout you can run the customization program on the runable VEDIT file and select Task 8 to print out the keyboard layout For example if your VEDIT is in the file VEDIT COM and your customization program is VDSETCRT COM you can give the command VDSETCRT VEDIT COM JUNK Select Task 8 to print the keyboard layout and then type CTRL C to abort the customization process STEP 11 TASK 9 CUSTOMIZATION COMPLETE RETURN TO OPERATING SYSTEM This writes the customized VEDIT out to disk VEDIT Visual Editor Page 107 Appendix A Customization Notes Customization Notes This section describes some aspects of the customization in more detail You do not need read this section
126. t the cursor position The cursor doesn t move A lone lt CR gt or lt LF gt will also be deleted but a lt CR gt lt LF gt pair will both be deleted as one Move the cursor left and delete the character at that position Does not delete a lt CR gt lt LF gt This deletes all characters from the cursor position to the end of the text line but not the final lt CR gt lt LF gt pair unless the text line only consists of the lt CR gt lt LF gt in which case the lt CR gt lt LF gt is deleted For example the following sequence will delete an entire line BACK TAB EREOL EREOL This deletes the entire text line Use of BACK TAB EREOL is actually preferable since the latter does not close up the screen line and frequently allows the UNDO to restore the original line This rewrites the screen and ignores the changes made to the text line the cursor is on The next character whether a displayable character a control character or a character with its high order bit set will be placed into the text buffer The next text character or edit function is repeated This is either a multiple of 4 ora number typed in Type 000 and any character to abort This increases the Indent Position by the Indent Increment The editor will then automatically pad with tabs and spaces to the Indent position following each lt enter gt The padding will also take place on the current line if the cursor is before any
127. t the entire file filel fits into memory 1 VEDIT Invoke VEDIT without a filename VEDIT will come up in command mode 2 ERfile1 0A Setup the first input file for reading and read it in This assumes that the entire filel fits into memory 3 optional Only needs to be done if the disk with file2 is not in one of the EC drives After the EC make sure that the disk with file2 and the disk to hold file3 are in the drives 4 EWfile3 Setup the output file which will hold the combined text 5 ERfile2 0a Read the second input file All of it does not need to fit into memory 6 EX This writes out the complete file file3 and exits VEDIT VEDIT Visual Editor Page 39 Command Mode Task Tutorial SPLITTING A FILE INTO TWO OR MORE FILES Purpose VEDIT allows you to split a large file into several smaller ones This example assumes that the splits are simple the front middle and end sections of a large file are copied to their own files In this example filel is split into file2 file3 and file4 1 VEDIT Invoke VEDIT without a filename VEDIT will come up in command mode 2 ERfile1 0A Setup the large input file for reading and read it in The entire filel need not fit into memory 3 EW ile2 Setup first output file 4 V In visual mode position the cursor at the first character of the second part of the large fil
128. text on the line VEDIT Visual Editor Page 53 Visual Mode Edit Functions Visual Function UNDENT COPY TO TEXT REG MOVE TO TEXT REG INSERT TEXT REG PRINT TEXT VISUAL EXIT VISUAL ESCAPE RESTART This decreases the Indent Position by the Indent Increment until it is zero One UNDENT therefore effectively cancels one INDENT The first time this key is hit the position of the cursor is saved and the message l END is displayed on the status line When the key is hit while the 1 END is set the text block between the first cursor position and the current cursor position is copied to the text register Assuming there is enough memory space for this copy the message TEXT is then displayed on the status line If insufficient memory space exists no copy is made and the FULL message appears on the status line Hitting this key twice at the same cursor position will empty the text register Note that either the beginning or the end of the text block may be set first This is similar to COPY TO TEXT REG except that the text block is deleted from the text buffer after it is moved to the text register The text register s contents are inserted at the current cursor position The register itself is not changed If there is insufficient memory space for the entire copy nothing is inserted and the FULL message will appear on the status line Moving the cursor to another line will
129. text which has already passed through the text buffer and has been written to the Output file Without backward disk buffering you would have to restart the edit session from the beginning with the EA command The backward disk buffering however lets VEDIT read text from the Output file back into the beginning of the text buffer for further editing However before reading text back from the Output file VEDIT needs to make space free in the text buffer VEDIT does this by writing text from the end of the text buffer out to a temporary disk file The file name is VEDIT REV The text within the file is stored in reverse order since the file is written from the end of the text buffer forward Backward disk buffering uses additional disk space to hold the temporary VEDIT REV file As the Output file is written disk space is also used up Reading from the Input file does not free up any disk space nor does reading back from the Output file Without backward disk buffering the maximum file size which may be edited is therefore 1 2 a disk unless the Input and Output files are on different drives in which case the maximum file size is a full disk With backward disk buffering the maximum file size is reduced to 1 3 a disk if everything is on the same drive or else 1 2 a disk if the VEDIT Visual Editor Page 19 Overall Description Output file is on another drive The VEDIT REV file is always on the default drive With a 3 drive system
130. the text A tab character is displayed as spaces to the next tab position The tab positions may be set as desired they VEDIT Visual Editor Page 12 Overall Description are normally at every 8th position Optionally typing the Tab key can have VEDIT insert spaces to the next tab position into the text VEDIT has several unique built in aids for program development One is automatic indentation for use with structured languages such as Pascal PL I and C When Indenting is set the editor will automatically insert tabs and spaces following each Carriage Return to the current indent position The indent position can be moved right and left by an adjustable indent increment Many assembly language programmers prefer their program code to be in upper case letters with comments in upper and lower case VEDIT can accept all text in lower case and automatically convert the labels opcodes and operands to upper case while leaving the comments in lower case It does this by searching on the line being entered or edited for a special character such as To the left of the lower case letters are converted to the right of the they are not converted This is referred to as Conditional Lower to Upper Case Conversion The visual mode can handle text lines which are up to 260 characters 256 plus CR LF and two spare long Text lines longer than a screen line usually about 80 columns are handled by displaying them on multiple screen li
131. ther VEDIT or a simple print program In this case the text will have to be formatted with VEDIT exactly the way it is to be printed out This would include any page headings page splits centering of lines and other details which VEDIT does not perform automatically The second type of word processing uses a Text Output Processor which takes care of page headings centering of lines justification and many other details In this case VEDIT is used to create a file which contains the text and short command lines to the text output processor which does the final printing Most text output processors take commands which begin with a period in the first column of a line All files created by VEDIT are standard text files and are therefore compatible with most text output processors Text formatters come with a wide range of capabilities and prices Many cost under 100 but can still handle almost all word processing functions Fancier ones cost around 200 and can handle mailing lists create tables of contents perform proportional spacing and automatic footnoting Combining VEDIT with one of the better text output processors will give you more word processing capabilities than found on most of the stand alone word processors For short documents such as letters memos and short reports a stand alone word processor is probably easier to use than the combination of VEDIT and a text output processor However as text documents become longer m
132. time you need more memory space Note that there is no nW command Whenever an A command is issued or VEDIT performs auto disk buffering VEDIT will always read the contents of the VEDIT REV file back into the text buffer before reading any more from the Input file You therefore do not need to explicitly remember whether or not there is any text in the VEDIT REV file VEDIT Visual Editor Page 62 Command Mode Disk Write Error Recovery Since most CP M systems run with floppy disks which have limited storage capacity the typical user will occasionally encounter a Full Disk error condition This is caused by either running out of disk space leading to the error message NO DISK SPACE or running out of directory space leading to the error message NO DIR SPACE Fortunately VEDIT allows you to recover from these errors using one of two recovery procedures One is to delete files from the disk using the EK command until enough space exists to write the rest of file out The second is to use the EC command to allow removing the full disk and inserting another disk on which to complete the operation The following paragraphs describe these procedures in some detail and an example is given in the Tutorial The best policy is to avoid Full Disk errors by making sure that there is enough space before your begin editing If you are editing files more than 1 3 disk in length it is best to read the Input file from one drive and
133. trol characters including line editing characters lt CR gt and lt ESC gt Immediately precedes F I N or S to indicate that explicit terminating characters are being used Immediately precedes F N or S to indicate that search error messages are to be suppressed Represents the maximum positive number 32767 It is used to signify forever or all occurrences of VEDIT Visual Editor Page 67 Brief Command Description EXTENDED COMMANDS EBfile EC EF EGfile line range nEI EKfile EP nk SUSA Wh Fe EQ ERfile Saves the file being edited on disk and then edits the file again from its beginning Similar to EY followed by EB command Open the file file for both Read and Write and then perform an auto read if the input file exists If the file does not exist NEW FILE is printed Gives error if an output file is still open Allow user to change disks Used for write error recovery or just to edit files on other disks Close the current output file Insert the line range of the file file into the text buffer at the edit pointer If no line range is specified the entire file is inserted Insert the character whose decimal value is n into the text buffer at the edit pointer The value 26 is not allowed since this is the End of File marker Values of 128 to 254 are allowed Erase kill the file file from the disk This is intended for making more space free on the dis
134. tually be made into a file Type in the following text by typing the lt enter gt key at the end of each line Bach simply awed the professional musicians who met or just observed him Their descriptions indicate that Bach at the head of an orchestra was a conductor very much like the great conductors of today While typing in the text you can make corrections by using the BACKSPACE key which will move the cursor left and delete the character there The most important aspect of VEDIT is of course that you can easily edit text after it has been typed in The first step in editing is to position the cursor at the text which needs changing Although VEDIT has many cursor movement keys you can get by for now using just the four basic movements UP DOWN RIGHT and LEFT using the arrow keys As you use these keys you will notice that you can only position the cursor at real characters in the text and at the ends of lines You cannot position it on the screen where there is no text VEDIT Visual Editor Page 6 Getting Started With the cursor positioned correctly you are ready to make your changes The three basic types of changes are over typing existing text deleting text and inserting text To over type any text simply position the cursor at the first character to be over typed and type in the new text This is the easiest way to correct mis typed letters indicates the cursor in the following example Bach simply wade the profe
135. u receive a Checksum Error please see the second part of this section for an explanation STEP 2 LOOK OVER MAIN MENU TASKS TASKS 1 Perform all new keyboard layout 2 Add alternate keys to existing layout 3 Set special characters 4 Set ES and EP parameters 5 Set screen parameters VEDIT Visual Editor Page 98 Appendix A Customizing VEDIT STEP 6 Set other parameters 7 Set signon message 8 Display or print keyboard layout 9 Customization complete return to operating system Tasks 1 and 2 are used to determine the keyboard layout task 8 can print the current keyboard layout task 7 sets the signon message and 9 writes the customized VEDIT out to disk The remaining tasks change the various parameters The prompts for many of these are followed by a number in parentheses which is a suggested value To use the suggested value you must type it in there is NO DEFAULT value Questions with a numeric answer also require a lt enter gt after the answer To ignore input for a particular question type either the RUBOUT DELETE key or a CTRL U After each task is performed the program returns to the main menu At this point another part of the customization can be performed or a previous step repeated if a mistake was made Typing a CTRL C from the main menu aborts the customization 3 TASK 1 PERFORM ALL NEW KEYBOARD LAYOUT ENTER ESCAPE MODE CHARACTER 1 If you choose to use escape sequen
136. ual Editor Page 13 Overall Description and and preceding the with the iteration number for the entire group Note The characters for enclosing iteration macros are printed as and J J in this manual Some users may be more familiar with angle brackets lt and gt and can choose either set during customization The effect is to execute the first command of the group through the last command of the group and then start over again with the first command The group is executed the number of times specified by the iteration macro If no explicit number is specified it defaults to which signifies forever or all For example the command 4T types out four lines The command 5 4T displays the same four lines five times for a total of 20 displayed lines The and may also occur within each other be nested for more complicated commands For example the command 3 5 4T 4L will display the same four lines five times then move to the next four lines and display them five times and last move to the next four lines and display them five times The leftmost 3 determines that everything inside the outside and will be executed three times This may seem a little complicated at first but it becomes useful with practice for performing repetitive editing operations Many of the commands make a change to the text buffer at the position determined by the edit pointer The edit pointer is very much like the
137. ult values of these parameters are determined during the customization process An error is given if n is specified out of range The parameters are Cursor type 0 1 or 2 Cursor blink rate 5 100 Indent Increment 1 20 Lower case convert 0 1 or 2 Conditional convert character 32 126 Display line and column number 0 1 2 or 3 VEDIT Visual Editor Page 88 Command Mode Detailed Command Description Notes See Also Examples Parameter 1 determines the type of cursor displayed in visual mode The cursor types are 0 Underline l Blinking Reverse Video Block 2 Solid Reverse Video Block Parameter 2 determines the cursor s blink rate for cursor types 0 and 1 above Parameter 3 determines how much further the editor will indent each time the INDENT key is typed The indent position after typing the INDENT key four times is therefore the Indent Increment multiplied by four Parameter 4 determines whether lower case characters are converted to upper case For value 0 no conversion takes place for 1 all lower case are converted to upper case and for 2 lower case are converted to upper case unless the cursor is past a special character on the text line This special character is set by parameter 5 All of this is primarily applicable to assembly language programming where it is desirable to have the Label Opcode and Operand in upper case and the comment in upper and lower
138. ut does allow a user with an upper case only keyboard to enter lower case letters Setting the switch to 1 will make VEDIT reverse all keyboard letters in both command and visual mode Switch 8 determines whether search errors will be suppressed If not suppressed not finding a string will cause an error message and the command to be aborted Search errors are usually only suppressed for command macros Switch 9 determines whether explicit string terminators can be used without having to specify the command modifier This is a matter of personal preference but is useful with macros Customization Visual Mode ES 1 1 This causes tabs typed in visual mode to be expanded with spaces VEDIT Visual Editor Page 93 Command Mode Detailed Command Description Example Description Notes See Also Example Example Description Notes See Also Example ET Edit Tab ET 20 40 60 80 100 120 This command changes the tab positions used by VEDIT for displaying tab characters and in Visual mode when the Expand Tab switch is set for expanding tab characters Up to 30 tab positions are allowed and they must be in the range 1 254 The default positions are set during customization For word processing the tabs can be set to the same positions as are specified for the text formatting program in order to see how they will look in the final product An error is displayed if a bad position is given N
139. ving and Copying Blocks of Text Emptying a Text Register e 0 Sending Text to the Printer e e Entering Control Characters in the Text Switching Between Visual and Command Mode Searching and Substituting e e Saving Already Edited Text eo Begin Editing New File 0 0 Making More Memory Space o Inserting a Line Range of Another File Concatenating Two Files e e Splitting a File into Two or More Files Recovery from Full Disk Errors Ending the Edit Session Page 11 12 14 15 16 16 17 18 20 20 22 23 24 25 26 26 28 28 29 30 32 32 33 33 34 35 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 3 4 5 Visual Mode 0 Entering New Text e e Performing Edit Functions The Repeat Function e The Tab Character e e Displaying Line and Colum Naabers e The Text Register Printing Text e 0 o Inserting Control Characters Indent and Undent Functions Lower to Upper Case Conversion Disk Buffering in Visual Mode Details of the End of Lines Edit Functions Cursor Movement Edit Functions Visual Functions Command Mode gt o Command Mode Notation e Editing a Second File Search Options and Special Characters Iteration
140. visual control functions such as CURSOR UP and INDENT The actual keys you type to perform the functions are chosen in the VEDIT customization procedure If you are using the preconfigured VEDIT refer to the keyboard layout sheet in Appendix E Most layouts use both control characters and escape sequences Control characters such as lt CTRL Q gt are typed by holding down the CONTROL key while typing the Q Escape sequences such as ESC R are typed by first pressing the ESC key and then the R The ESC key is also used in all command mode commands two are needed at the end of each command It is represented in all examples in this manual as an which is also what VEDIT displays on the screen when an ESC is typed Invoking VEDIT To use VEDIT it has to be invoked from CP M with the proper command The next page describes all the ways of invoking VEDIT but the most common is just to type VEDIT followed by the name of the file to be edited or created For example The A gt is the prompt given by CP M A gt VEDIT LETTER TXT lt enter gt VEDIT will then read in the file LETTER TXT or if you are creating the file briefly display the message NEW FILE It will then normally go into the Visual Mode which displays the beginning of the file on the screen The bottom line will contain the Status Line which consists mostly of dashes and optionally the line and column numbers Also visible will be the Cursor whic
141. w screen line called a continuation line is begun if the the text line becomes longer than the screen line Visual functions exist to enter Insert Mode revert to Normal mode or to switch VEDIT Visual Editor Page 43 Visual Mode Properties between the modes The mode which the editor starts in is set during customization and is a matter of personal preference Two convenient exceptions to the operation of Normal and Insert mode pertain to the ends of lines and the lt enter gt key Text typed at the end of a line is always inserted before the invisible lt CR gt lt LF gt pair which ends each text line Also typing the lt enter gt key does not overwrite any character but rather moves the rest of the line beginning with the character at the cursor position to a new text line The keyboard characters lt enter gt and TAB are normal text characters but have special properties The lt enter gt key causes a lt CR gt and line feed lt LF gt pair to be inserted into the text and a new line to be displayed on the screen If it is typed while the cursor is pointing within a text line that line is effectively split into two lines The TAB CHARACTER key causes insertion of a tab character or optionally spaces to the next tab position The tab character itself is displayed with spaces on the screen to the next tab position even though the spaces do not exist in the text buffer Any control characters other than lt CR gt
142. write the Output file on another drive For example if the Input file and VEDIT are on drive A and the disk in drive B is blank give the command VEDIT infile ext b outfile ext The simplest and most common recovery is to delete files from the disk which is full If you keep your disks fairly full you might find it useful to keep a recent DIRectory or STAT listing handy to check for files that may be deleted If you find files which you can delete you are all set You can then re issue the command which led to the full disk error Any BAK files can usually be deleted You can also consider deleting any files which you know are backed up on other disks Never delete the and VEDIT REV files from within VEDIT You can delete them from the operating system in the unlikely event they appear on the directory there If you are still reading this in order to learn more about VEDIT STOP You are very unlikely to ever require the following procedures They are described here for completeness only There may be times when you cannot delete enough files to finish the edit session You then have several alternatives One is to close the current output file with the EF command and create a second output file on another drive An example is EF Close the current output file EWA PART2 Create an output file on another drive EX Exit the edit session You can then use VEDIT or PIP to merge the two partial output files back into
143. xt Register Following the text insert in step 5 the cursor is positioned at either the beginning or end of the inserted test depending upon ES command s switch 4 In step 3 in order to include the CR LF of the line position the cursor at the beginning of the next line Alternately you may reverse steps 1 and 3 i e either end of the block may be set first VEDIT Visual Editor Page 32 Visual Mode Task Tutorial EMPTYING A TEXT REGISTER Purpose It is best to empty the text register when its contents are no longer needed This frees up more memory space too 1 MOVE TO TEXT REGISTER 2 MOVE TO Type command key twice with TEXT REGISTER cursor at same position to empty the register SENDING TEXT TO THE PRINTER 1 Be certain you printer is on and the on line or select function on the printer is enabled See your printer manual 2 Position cursor at beginning of text block 3 PRINT Will get 1 End message on TEXT status line 4 Position cursor at end of text block 5 PRINT Printer should start now TEXT 6 lt CTRL C gt To stop the printing VEDIT Visual Editor Page 33 Visual Mode Task Tutorial ENTERING CONTROL CHARACTERS INTO THE TEXT 1 NEXT This will enter the next CHAR character into the text even LITERAL a control character You probably want to be in INSERT mode before this command 2 Type a control character which will be entered into
144. you could safely edit a file one disk in length by making the default the Input and Output drives all different These file size limitations arise because in the worst case VEDIT will need to create a VEDIT REV file which is nearly as large as the Output file which is generally as large as the Input file If you do use backward disk buffering and run out of disk space you can still recover without loosing any edited text The procedure is described below To be on the safe side we recommend that you customize VEDIT with backward disk buffering turned OFF and forward disk buffering turned ON If while editing you decide you would like backward disk buffering and are confident you have the disk space you can turn it on the command mode command ES 2 2 where is the ESC key To calculate if you have enough disk space for backward disk buffering perform a STAT on the disk If the amount of free space is twice the size of the file you wish to edit you are usually safe unless the Output file will be significantly larger than the Input file You can include any BAK version of the file to be edited in the amount of free space available If the amount of free space is not at least equal to the size of the file being edited you will encounter a disk full error even without backward disk buffering It is always best be to sure that there is enough free disk space before editing a file If you are at least two thirds through a
145. you entered the escape sequence with a lower case h during customization the editor would not respond to the escape sequence with an upper case H This is annoying if you hand type most of the escape sequences since at times you may have the SHIFT or a CAPS LOCK depressed You would therefore want to answer the question with a YES In this case you will want to answer the question with NO If you find that you have made a mistake with this question you can skip performing the entire keyboard customization again by performing task 2 in the customization answering this and the other three questions pertaining to escape sequences correctly and simply typing an lt enter gt for all of the function prompts When laying out the keyboard you may therefore use any combination of control characters special function keys and escape sequences for the visual operations Some users will prefer to use function keys and control characters for the most used visual operations and escape sequences for the less used operations If escape sequences are used the ESC key is suggested for the escape mode character Any other character may then follow including numbers control characters or even another escape character An Escape and Control character combination is a good choice for operations you don t want to hit by mistake like HOME ZEND or RESTART EDITOR You may use an escape sequence consisting of two escape characters in a row In fact i

P& T VEDIT USER`S MANUAL

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P&amp; T VEDIT USER`S MANUAL

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P& T VEDIT USER`S MANUAL