Herbicide Application Handbook
Contents
1. Acreage Estimate Based on Spray Width Length in Miles Wan u u w in est eres o ou w o on 2 ous oW os 0 y W oM 0s 09 036 09 O9 09 0R 08 0n ON 03 Dam OM 0N m or o3 0m 0 o8 058 On 005 ON 0 on O8 0 15 on is 28 096 18 m 22 38 US 20 486 lo 339508 195 387581 28 4 6S mw o m Acreage Estimate Based on Spray With continue length in Mies u u wu m Aes w os on o aa r O O SO 1 24 3 n US 2 290 38 x ow I 20 N a 2 m W OS AMO S 6 Ms 2 as 727 r 18 aW OO ORO sA r mO m m s oe s ai a so n m MA m 9 mn AU O9 MSO W9 NA m MM a 230 336 9 WH SY RE BA m MM MK RE MO USO 00 BS 9S NN 1696 BH MO M UM BI MBO BU NS M a0 osa s nn we WO MM a Mm 96961211 CONVERSION TABLE Tier Tag ard Four Jere Taere Taere 1a nile Tuomas 35 Timea 12 inches Steet Sayart 16 i feet 1750 arts saan feet Tepot 1 ubiespoon cT 3 spoons 2 tablespoons heap Tew tapit Zap 1 pi dam Yan 16 oups 1 plion Meigas oz TE gas IR 602 484 gms ogra 22 1000 grams ioe 20001 901 kilograms met tn aos 100 kilograms Approximate Rates of Application Equivalents To per sa foot TASE parane I oz per s yard S025 Ih per aere 1 per 100 59 eet 272 per are oe per 100 sq fen 43 860 peracre 272 Tp ere 1 Ib per sce 1 02 07333 feet 1D grant ag foet 100 Ih per acre 2 3 16 1000 s4 feet Sip per acre 1 1000 sq foet 100 gal per aere 2S gal O00 sg foet 19 100 sq fect PROPER I SPRAYING PROCEDURES Proper Spray2. Provides postemergence contral of many annual and perennial sedges grass and broadleaf weeds on highiy managed turt sod farms and native grass sites Itisa Selective herbicide that can be used over the top of many perennial warm season and selected cool season turfgrasses The product is formulated as a water dispersible granule WDG Certainty is 75 sulfosulfuron and 25 other ingredients It has a Class 3 CAUTION signal word Packaging 1 25 ounce bottle 10 battles per tray 10 trays per case 100 bottles per case 25 cases per pallet The Monsanto IT amp O web site provides beneficial information an our industrial Turf amp Ornamental product line in an easy to use format To learn more about Monsanto herbicide products what happens to a Monsanto herbicide product after it enters the environment ecological effects and health and safety information review our environmental fact sheets Also to access and print product labels and MSDS sheets for Roundup PROMAX Also to access and print product labels and MSDS sheets on Roundup PROMAX Roundup PRO AquaMaster Quik PRO Roundup PRO Concentrate Outrider Campaign and Certainty visit Monsanto s web site today www monsanto com ita PROPER I HANDLING P ROCEDURES Proper Handling Procedures General Pesticide Handling Guidelines Always read and follow pesticide label instructions Itis against the law to use a herbicide in any
3. 20 GPM Al banks 0 87 acres minute 22 92 GPA 21 000 gal tank 22 92 GPA 43 63 acres tank 3 43 63 acres tankx 12 oz desired product rate acre 1523 56 oz of product tank 4 Convert ounces into gallons 523 5602 4 09 gl of product tank 128 02 eal Dry Herbicide Example 1 Herbicide formulation 80 wettable powder 2 Desired rate per acre Abs of active ingredient 3 4 Ibs active ingredient desired 5 lbs of product acre 0 0 active ingredient expressed as a decimal Amount of Product Needed I for Various Tank Sizes Using 25 GPA Calibration Amount of Product Needed for Various Tak Sa Wing 25 GPA Caltrain Tank Se Sl 100 za LSM pal 200 ga Product Mate perce Gall of Prt per Tank Son is as as m oe is au as ons ee ins ans 135 lee pt as 80 100 Moe as 15 iso ee lg so m 200 Mow os ns 20 Feen 1s 10 wo Soe an ns 350 Hox 2a wo m mo na so mo a Ida mo Mo wo Formulas for Calculating Additional Rates 1 Gallons intank acres tank Gallons acre Example 1 000 gal tank 40 acres tank 725 GPA 2 Acres per tankx Rate per acre Amount of herbicide added to tank Example 40 acres tank x 32 0z ocre 1 280 oz added to tank 3 Qunces pertank Gallons per tank 128 oz galion Example 1 280 o2 tonk_ 10 gallons tnk 128 02 galon GPA Gallons Per Acre GPM Gallons Per Minute MPH Miles Per Hour PSI Pounds Per Square Inch SW Swath Width
4. aquatic applications Poses minimal risk of unreasonable adverse effects to aquatic plants following terrestrial applications Has a low potential for bioaccumulation in fish crustaceans and shellfish Some of the results from numerous environmental Scientific studies have indicated that glyphosate Undergoes microbial degradation over time in soil sediment and natural waters Binds tightiy to most types of soil until it is degraded not absorbed by plant roots from most types of soil unlikely to move through soil to reach groundwater Wind Condition Observations There are a number of field observations that spray operators can use as alerts to wind speed and direction Hand held wind gauges can verify observations NOTE When using Roundup PROMAX Roundup PRO Roundup PRO Concentrate AquoMaster or Campaign herbicides avoid drift xtreme core must be used to prevent injury to desirable plants and crops Avoiding pray drift at the application site is he responsibility of the applicator The interaction of many equipment and weather related factors determine the potential for spray drift The applicator and grower are responsible for considering all these factors when making decisions Health and Safety I Studies The US Environmental Protection Agency EPA reviews the results of extensive toxicological and environmental fate tests to evaluate the potential effects of a herbicide on animals peop
5. be on pattern To inject Woody Stems 1 Mechanically hack through bark into woody stem with hatchet or machete at 15 inch intervals around trunk forming a cup shaped wound 2 Immediately spray the wound with herbicide solution 3 Treat all undesirable woody stems DISPOSAL AND I SPILL PROCEDURES Disposal and Spill Procedures General Rules for Herbicide Storage Include 1 Keep all herbicides in their original 2 Store herbicides in a locked shelter away from children and animals 3 Store herbicides in a dry cool and well ventilated area Herbicide Storage Proper herbicide storage sone of the keys to using herbicides safely Always wear rubber gloves when handling herbicides in storage and review product labels for specific storage instructions 4 DO NOT subject herbicides to freezing or extremely high temperatures 5 Store herbicides separately from seed fertilizer insecticides and food 5 Make periodic inspections of storage facilities and storage containers Check for possible leaks spills and other similar problems 7 Keep appropriate absorbent material in the storage area at all times as well as a plastic container for storing damaged material B Reject any broken or leaking containers when herbicides are delivered 9 Do not store herbicides in office or break areas where employees congregate Empty herbicide containers must be disposed of according to g
6. in the form of its sopropylamine salt Ste and use recommendations include cut stumps general nonerop areas and industrial sites habitat management injection and frill woody brush and trees ornamental and plant nurseries sod farms Christmas trees railroads and roadsides Roundup PRO Concentrate has a Class 3 CAUTION signal word and the Material Safety Data Sheet is printed in both English and Spanish Itis formulated as a water soluble liquid Containing the proprietary PROfarmance surfactant technology No other product contains Roundup PRO Concentrates surfactant technology u Outrider EPA Registration Number 524 500 Product Description Outrider Herbicide ia preemergence and Postemergenee systemic herbicide for control of many annual and perennial broadleaf and grass weeds on nonerop sites including unimproved bermudagrass and bahiagrass Itis formulated as a water dispersible granule WDG Outriders 75 Sulfosulfuran and 25 Other ingredients Ithas a Class 3 CAUTION signal word Outrider Herbicide Sample Specifications 1 Outrider Herbicide 75 Sulfosufuron 25 inerts Class 3 CAUTION signal word 2 Outrider Herbicide by Monsanto No Substitutions 3 Outrider Herbicide EPA Registration Number 524 500 4 Outrider Herbicide Packaging 20 ounce bottle 10 bottles per case 200 Campaign Herbicide Sample Specifications 1 Campaign Herbicide
7. in your tank from backsiphoning into the water source 2 When handling any herbicide wear protective clothing as noted an the product label 3 Add herbicides at recommended label rates For best results add in the following order 1 2 3 Getting Ready Ito Spray continued 4 water soluble liquids includes Roundup PRO brands AquaMaster and Campaign 5 adjuvants surfactants ant foaming wetting sticking and spreading agents 4 Add surfactant as needed according to individual product label instructions Roundup PROMAX Roundup PRO and Roundup PAO Concentrate areal fully loaded with Monsanto s proprietary surfactant systems No additional surfactant is needed or recommended for these products 5 Add an anti foaming agent if needed Continue with agitation to 6 if needed add an anti drift agent according to label directions usually based on ounces per 100 gallons of solution 7 10 avoid excessive foaming add products in the following order A herbicides 2 surfactant 3 anti dritagent 8 To help mix the solution tur on the pump and recirculate the solution in the tank fara few minutes 9 As with all herbicides triple rinse containers with water when empty and dump rinse water into the tank 10 Puncture empty 2 5 gallon containers with a knife or sharp instrument Dispose of 2 5 gallon containers and 30 gallon drums according to local or state regulations or recycle 30 gallon drums Contact your Monsan
8. manner not specifically isted on the label or contrary to label instructions and requirements Always wear the protective clothing specified on the manufacturers label Use of protective clothing should be in compliance with federal local and state laws Handle pesticide containers carefully to prevent accidental ruptures or spills Pesticide containers should never be dropped or thrown Be aware of proper cleanup procedures in case of an accident Open pesticide containers carefully to prevent spills and make resealing Always measure pesticides carefully Pesticides should only be used as directed on the product label Measure and pour pesticides below eye level to prevent spills or splashes Never spray pesticides in a manner that creates drift continued Always read and follow pesticide label instructions It is against the law to use a herbicide in any manner not specifically listed on the label or contrary to label instructions and requirements Wear protective eyewear including goggles shields or safety glasses as required by the product label Wear gloves made of rubber or another material that will prevent contact between your skin and the herbicide solution In most cases wear your sleeves over the outside of your gloves Shirtsleeves should oniy be tucked inside gloves when your arms are raised during spraying Wear a long sleeved shirt and long pants to protect your skin On hot summer days l
9. or when there are multiple sprouts Ifa straight stream nozzle is used start the application at the top of the targeted vegetation and spray from tap to bottom in a lateral zig zag motion For flat fan and cone nozzles and with hand directed mist blowers mist the application over the foliage of the targeted vegetation AquaMaster Herbicide may be used as a 5 to 8 Solution for low volume directed sprays Roundup PRO Concentrate Herbicide may be used as a 496 to BY solution for low volume directed sprays Rates for Mixing Roundup PROMAX Roundup PRO Concentrate or AquaMaster in Backpacks Teed Hoa EZE onen Zion aan 5er Amount of Rounds FROMA m alt the tank op twa Pa Er ste ana PO Moor totounduparenet Dom soe art Nov Feces Dried aoe rare Komemisen ago Agalon Salons Bm oton PRO Center ontendpri0 Comente me ae na eto Roundup PRO Concentrate 6 ne Gn woz nRuntup EO Coemtste bez Tr Stra Menuet Conversion formula tar converting Roundup PRO rates ta Roundup PAO Concentrate Rate et Roundup PRO x 0 80 Rate a Roundup PAD Concentrate Teea eae Tanna Konnte plone Amen Sane erat or quam ek Tiere er 07 ager me ma dam wages gt Taanga 1sangeiste Bokuuister a san Mixing for Cut Stump and injection Treatments 1 Put on protective eyewear and gloves as directed by the product label 2 Topreparea solution containing 50 to 100 of Roundup PRO Concentrate or
10. 7 glyphosate CAUTION signal word EPA Registration Number 524 579 7 48 7 glyphosate CAUTION signal word English and Spanish label Other custom specifications can be created to meet the needs of your agencies bid policies Packaging and Weights 1 1 67 gallon plastic jug 2 jugs per case 45 cases per pallet weighing 2 005 pounds per pallet 2 30 gallon returnable plastic drum 4 drums per pallet One drum weighs 356 36 pounds one pallet weighs 1 464 54 pounds per pallet Comte Roundup PROMAX liquid Number 524 351 Product Description Roundup PROMAX liquid is a postemergence systemic herbicide with no residual activity It ges broad spectrum contral of many annual weeds perennial weeds woody brush and trees ttis formulated asa water soluble liquid containing surfactant and no additional Surfactant is needed or recommended Roundup PROMAK liquid hasa Class 3 CAUTION signal word The Roundup PROMAX label is writen n both English and Spanish The surfactant in Roundup PROMAX is the proprietary PROformance system Thus there are no other products that are identical to Monsanto s Roundup PROMAX PRO liquid EPA Registration Number 524 475 Product Description Roundup PRO liquid isa postemergence systemic herbicide with no soil residual activity it gives broad spectrum control of many annual weeds perennial weeds woody brush and trees Itis formulated as a wa
11. AquaMaster add the appropriate amount of water frst and then the product Fl spray bottle half full of water Finest of bottle with Roundup brand herbicide product 5 Add agriculturally approved colorant or dye to see where you ve sprayed NOTE In winter the solution may freeze before has entered the stump or woody stem Cut Stump and I Injection Applications Cut stump treatments can be made to reduce the Fesprouting that typically follows mechanical clearing The goal is to destroy the roat system Injection or hack and squirt treatments also work well for control of woody stems Roundup PRO Concentrate enters the cut stump or hack wound through the cambium or the layer of new growth cells next to the inner bark Subsequently for Roundup PRO Concentrate to work well stumps must be treated immediately after cutting or hacking the stem For best results make applications during active growth and full leaf expansion Do not make cut Stump or injection applications when the roots of desirable woody brush or trees may be grafted to the roots of the stem being treated Injury resulting from root grafting is likely to occur in adjacent woody brush Cut Stump and Injection Applications continued To Treat Cut Stumps 1 Mechanically cut woody brush and trees tobe treated 2 Immediately spray the cut surface covering the cambium layer 3 There is no need to spray the whale cut surface The result should
12. HERBICIDE APPLICATION Table of Contents Introduction 1 Product Information 4 Proper Handling Procedures Introduction The Monsanto Herbicide Application Handbook is Your guide to proper use of Monsanto herbicides for the Industrial Turf amp Ornamental TRO industry The information in this book applies to the use of Monsanto s TBO products Roundup PROMAX Roundup PRO AquaMaster QuikPRO Roundup PRO Concentrate utrider Campaign and Certainty These herbicides are designed to control Weeds that are problems in turf and ornamental Sites like golf courses nurseries and lawns as wall as industrial sites such as roadsides canals parks Schools and right of ways Monsanto herbicides are manufactured in a fashion that has earned high marks on the environmental stewardship front They help restore wildlife habitats rid areas of noxious weeds and serve as valuable tools for integrated pest management The TRO industry is vital to beautifying and protecting our rural and urban communities keeping Our water systems safe and in a natural state of balance and helping our infrastructure systems roads parks and landscapes for example function successful Monsanto helps make your job easier by providing support to assist with the operational demands of TO We encourage you to keep this handbook close and reference its contents whenever you have questions about proper Monsanto pr
13. OTE A banks should be close to the same GPM rate Step 2 Periodically collect the flow to see if itis still around the same GPM benchmark you set typically around 5 GPM As long as speed swath width and pressure remain constant the GPA will remain accurate Boomless Equipment I Calibration Worksheet Put your numbers into the parentheses as indicated and calculate your results 1 Distance in feet traveled in 1 minute MPH 88 constant factor 2 Gallons collected in 30 seconds x2 GPM 3 202 constant factor x Swath width in feet x MPH 1 000 constant factor acres minute 1000 a cem cm acres minute Example 1 1056 ft Distance traveled in minute 12 MPH 88 constant factor 2 25 gal collected in 30 secandsx 2 5 GPM 3 2 02 constant factor x9 ft SW 12 MPH 1 000 constant factor aeres minute 816 0218 acres minute 1 000 a sosm 22936PA 0 218 acres minute Boomless Equipment Calibration Worksheet I All Banks Put your numbers inta the parentheses as indicated and calclate your results 1 5 940 constant factor x GPM AII banks om men width in inches all banks Gallons per minute 20 GPM All banks 5 gal bank x4 banks Width in inches 432 in Four 9 ft banks 36 ft x 12 in foot 1 5 940 constant factor x20GPM 118 800 22 92 GPA 12 MPH x 432 in 5 184 Herbicide Use Determinations Liquid Herbicide Example 41
14. Prevent or correct leaks in herbicide containers and application equipment 3 Properly dispose of all empty pesticide 4 Tie down or otherwise secure containers when transporting pesticides ta prevent them from falling from a vehicle 5 Carry activated charcoal or another appropriate absorbing material in every Vehicle used for hauling or spraying herbicides 6 Store herbicides only in their original containers or properly labeled service 7 Stay alert and attentive when handling or using herbicides Procedures for I Liquid Spills 1 Put on protective gloves eyewear a long sleeved shirt and pants before cleanup 2 Ifa container is leaking immediately transfer the remaining herbicide to another appropriate container to prevent further spilage 3 Ifthe herbicide was spilled on a person remove the contaminated clothing and rinse the product fram the body If necessary perform appropriate first aid 4 Cover the spill area with an absorbent material to soak up the herbicide Common cat litter sawdust oil or sand can all be used for this purpose Consult the manufacturer for mare specific cleanup recommendations 5 Remove any contaminated items from the spill area to prevent further contamination 6 Remove the absorbent material with a broom and or shovel after the spill has been absorbed Make sure all contaminated soil is removed from the spill area aswell 7 Place the contaminated soil and absorbent material
15. actically non toxic for all three routes of exposure oral dermal and inhalation Eye and skin irritation studies are also required to assess the potential for a substance to cause irritation Glyphosate is assigned a Category IV for skin irritation However because the technical material is an acid it can be moderately to severely irritating to the eyes Glyphosate formulations are made not with the acid but with a salt of the acid These salt solutions are considered practically nonirritating to the eyes and are assigned a Category IV One other acute test is used to evaluate the potential of a pesticide to produce an allergic skin reaction after repeated skin contact Glyphosate shows no evidence Acute Toxicity Studies continued of causing a skin reaction Not only do the pesticide active ingredients undergo this battery of acute testing but so does each product formulation containing the active ingredient Most formulated herbicides in which lyphosate is the active ingredient e g PROMAX AquaMaster Roundup PRO Concentrate and QuikPRO are in Category II or WV for acute oral dermal and inhalation toxicity For example Tabte 1 provides the acute exposure study results with Roundup PROMAX Roundup PROMAX is labeled with the most favorable signal word available Caution Based on results of long term toxicological tests the EPA concluded that glyphosate has low acute tonicity is nota carcinogen does not advers
16. ally when using wettable powders Report any malfunctions ta your supervisor Herbicide Procedural Checklist Check herbicide treatment plans Read and understand instructions from your supervisor thoroughly Determine the appropriate product to be used Read each herbicide label every time an application is made Check that weather conditions are suitable for spraying Do not spray when it is raining Determine rain free period required before a herbicide can be applied Determine temperature requirements fr the herbicide to be applied Use a wind gauge to determine wind velocity Do nat spray when wind velocity exceeds 10 MPH oF 5 MPH with volatile products Do not apply when spray begins to drift beyond the target area Usea drift control agent when needed Check equipment before adding herbicide ta the spray tank Repair all leaks and other malfunctions before spraying Calibrate spray equipment daily or more frequently if required Observe safety requirements when mixing products Wear appropriate clothing and safety equipment Know what to do in case of accident Check the product labels for manufacturer recommendations Myou have questions Herbicide Procedural ee Checklist continued before making any Program treatments Carry an extra 10 gallons of water for safety washing Use appropriate materials for absorbing spills Dispose of absorbed herbicide 1 ina plastic contain
17. by Monsanto 2 Campaign Active Ingredients glyphosate a the isopropylamine salt 12 9 2 4 0 as the isopropylamine salt 20 6 inert ingredients 66 5 Packaging and Weights 1 2 5 gallon plastic jug 2 jugs per case 48 cases per pallet weighing 2 544 pounds per pallet CAMPAIGN erbte Monsano Campaign EPA Registration Number 524 351 Active Ingredients Giyphosate N phosphonamethyl glycine inthe form of its isopropylamine salt 129 240 dichlorophenonyacetic acid in the form of its isopropyiamine salt 20 6 Other Ingredients 66 5 100 0 Product Description Campaign is a postemergence herbicide for control or suppression of emerged Weeds DANGER signal word This product is recommended for use on weeds growing in areas such as airports itchbanks dry canals dry ditches golf courses highway rights of way industrial plant sites parking areas parks residential lawns rangeland roadsides schools storage areas other public areas and Similar industrial or noncrop Certainty EPA i 1 Registration Number 524 534 Sample Specifications 1 Certainty Herbicide 75 sulfosulfuron 25 inerts Class 3 CAUTION signal word 2 Certainty Herbicide by Monsanto no substitutions 3 Certainty Herbicide EPA Registration Number 524 534 4 Certainty Herbicide Product Description This productisa postemergence systemic herbicide with limited soil residual activity It
18. ely affect reproduction and development and does not bioaccumulate in mammals In June 1991 the EPA placed glyphosate in the agency s most Positive cancer classification Category El evidence of non carcinogericity for humans based on the lack of Convincing evidence of carcinogenicity in adequate studies The Roundup Stewardship Value Package The Roundup Stewardship Value Package RSVP has been assembled to help you our customer see and be aware of Monsanto our quality products and all the expert stewardship services we provide as support to you The services are provided FREE to you by Monsanto s technical and field experts when you Purchase a premium Monsanto Family product SVP wil Walk you through all our services and our entire team of experts Inform you of the products and services that are available and who to contact for service Show a menu of services our teams are prepared to deliver on your behalf and with which we have direct front line experience Give you a view of Monsanto the world s largest and most experienced glyphosate manufacturer The RSVP program covers Monsanto s AO family of premium herbicides We know more about how to make service and defend glyphosate products than any other company or organization on the planet The data package on Monsanto s glyphosate herbicides is arguably larger than any other pesticide in history And Monsanto manufactures its p
19. er and return it to the storage area or disposal facility Know what undesirable vegetation is to be treated Be aware of any environmentally sensitive areas along routes Do not under any circumstances spray herbicides into water ditches ponds streams or other water bodies unless they are labeled for use Do not treat backslopes or fronslopes adjacent to residential property where owners maintain right of way gardens playgrounds or wells Do not cause brownout by spraying overhanging limbs without special permission Do not spray areas next to fences where grazing livestock are present Keep a daily application record with information about herbicides rates of application time of application and weather conditions Make notes af anything that needs the attention of supervisory personnel Getting Ready to Spray 1 Fil the spray tank three quarters full with clean clear water and begin agitation Use water from a clean source such as city water or a well Try to locate the cleanest water source available in the area Ifyou must pump water from another source reduced control may occur if water containing soil is used Glyphosate the active ingredient in Roundup branded TRO products AquaMaster and Campaign herbicides binds tightly to most soil particles including those suspended in water in the spray tank Use an adequate filtration system and clean the filter before pumping Prevent the solution
20. es are harmful and what doses are expected to pose unreasonable risk Health and Safety I Studies continued Pesticides are strictly regulated by governmental agencies around the world in the United States the EPA has that responsibility and requires a battery of toxicological and environmental studies On average a pesticide active ingredient must undergo at least 120 tests before it can be registered for use During the many years that glyphosate and glyphosate herbicides have been used hundreds of toxicology studies have been conducted All pesticides are evaluated for acute sub chronic and chronic effects Acute toxicological testing evaluates whether a single high dose exposure toa substance will produce acute effects An acute effect could be anything from askin rash to death Subchronic effects ae related to several days or weeks af continuous exposure to a substance Chronic effects occur after a long period approaching a lifetime of continuous exposure Langer term studies evaluate whether continual exposure to a substance has the potential to cause adverse effects such as cancer neurotoricity birth defects or reproductive problems Acute Toxicity Studies Acute tonicity studies evaluate the risk of a single exposure toa substance typically at a high dose Acute oral and dermal toxicity studies are frequently designed to express the potency ofa substance in terms ofa median lethal dose or LOSO Acute ora
21. ightweight material or lightweight coveralls are preferable Wear protective clothing until spraying is complete and herbicides are put away CALIBRATION PROCEDURES Calibration I Procedures Factors Influencing Calibration There are four factors that determine the volume of spray applied Nozzle orifice size controls gallons per minute GPM Ground speed Nozzle spacing or spray width predetermined adjustments Pressure at the nozzle Nozze size and ground speed are usually the factors to change ar vary when large adjustments in spray volume are required for application Nozzle spacing or spray width and nozzle pressure are the factors to consider for smaller adjustments NOTE To double the spray volume the pressure must Increase by a factor of four Ground speed is usually the best way to adjust application rates Herbicides must be applied at uniform specified rates for effective economical results Proper application requires proper sprayer calibration especially when using multiple nozzle booms fixed nozzles and off center nozzles All of these sera openen oe distribution widths speeds and pressures Handgun calibration is not generally practical or necessary where application rates are given in pounds or gallons of herbicide per gallons of water and herbicides are sprayed until foliage is wet Rather the amount applied depends upon density of foliage or stems For example de
22. indicated and calculate your results 1 Tankcapacity Sprayerautput Spray tank in gallons inGPAat desired PSI acreage capacity 2 Spraytank x Desiedrate Amount of product acreage capacity ofherbicideperacre to add per tank Example Desired application rate 1 6 ats Roundup PRO Concentrate acre Sprayer output at 30 PSI 25 GPA Step 6 4 1 000 gallon tank capacity 25 GPA 40 acres spray tank capacity 2 40 acres tank x L6 qts desired rate 64 ats Roundup PRO Concentrate per tank GPA Gallons Per Acre GPM Gallons Per Minute MPH Miles Per Hour Ps1 Pounds Per Square Inch SW Swath Width Boomless Equipment 1 Calibration 1 necessary check ground speed using the formula Distance in feet traveled in 1minute MPH 88 constant factor NOTE Ground speed can be predetermined but the speed measuring method should be accurate 2 Determine your GPM by collecting from all nozzles in each bank Use a 1 2 inch clear plastic hose inserted snugly over each nozzle and collect volume in a large calibration bucket for 30 seconds at desired pressure Multiply the total gallons collected by 2 to arrive at the GPM Gallons collected x 2 in 30 seconds GPM 3 Compute the acres sprayed per minute using the formula 2 02 constant factor x SW fin feet xMPH_ acres minute 1 000 constant factor 4 Use the results of Step 2 and Step 3 in the formula below Gem cm Beres minute N
23. ing I Procedures Checkitsts Daily Checklist for AlI Spray Equipment Herbicide Application Checklist The following items should be accessible prior to herbicide handling and application Product label and Material Safety Data Sheet Rubber or synthetic gloves Protective eyeglasses or goggles Rubber boots Activated charcoal Rubber aprons Soap Eye wash Clean water for emergency use Wind gauge Before Application Always read and fllow pesticide label instructions It is against he law to use a herbicide in any manner not specifically listed on the label or contrary to label instructions and requirements Wear personal protective equipment PPE according to herbicide label requirements Properiy mix and load sprayer Select the right nozzle Check the nozzle guide for your equipment Turn on the pump Set the pressure at the nozzle per equipment recommendations Proper Spraying Procedures continued Before Operation Fil tank half fll of water Check for leaks in tank shutoff valves and at fil opening Lid must tight Clean strainer Open shut off valve and check strainer for leaks Check all hose fittings for leaks Tighten if necessary Check all hoses Replace defective ones before operating equipment Check pump drive belt Replace any defective anes before operating equipment Check engine oil level and service air filter Check all shut off valves and deter
24. into a suitable container and dispose of the container in an approved landfil area 8 Do nat wash down the area with water using a high pressure hose You could spread the spill and make the herbicide more difficult to contain and clean up 9 When aspill occurs on site or is large enough that you need help to contain or clean it up contacta Supervisor immediately In case of a major spill call the manufacturer or ChemTrec Chemical Transportation Emergency Center at the numbers on the next page Emergency Telephone Numbers Call hemtrecs emergency number for instructions on howto handle any pesticide emergency by dialing 300 424 9300 For help in handling an emergency involving a Monsanto product talithe MONSANTO EMERGENCY NUMBER at 314 694 4000 You may call collect day or night Emergency Telephone Numbers Call ChemtTrec s emergency number for how to handle any pesticide emergency by sialing 800 424 9300 For help in handling an emergency involving a Monsanto product callthe MONSANTO EMERGENCY NUMBER at 314 694 4000 You may call collect day or night Procedures for Dry Spills 1 Remove any contaminated items from the spill area to prevent further contamination 2 Remove the absorbent material with a broom and or shovel after the spill has been absorbed Make sure all contaminated soil is removed from the spill area as well 3 Place the contaminated soil and absorbent material int
25. l refers to a single dose taken by mouth ingested Acute dermal refers to a single dose applied directiy to the skin skin absorption The LD50 is the dose that is lethal to 50 percent of the laboratory animals in the test The higher the LD50 value the lower the tonicity The dose is calculate as milligrams of the test substance per kilogram Acute Toxicity Studies continued of body weight of the tested animals ng kg bw Laboratory studies show that glyphosate the active ingredient in AquaMaster Roundup PRO Concentrate and QukPRO has acute rat oral and dermal LD50s of greater than 5 000 mg Kg The major use ofthe LD50 study is a comparative ane Allowing one to assess the relative toxicity of one substance With others tested in the same species Table1 In addition to acute rat oral and dermal studies inhalation exposure is also evaluated to determine a spray concentration thats lethal to 50 percent of the test animals LC50 Acute inhalation refers to a single dose exposure through breathing or inhaling The dose is measured in milligrams of the test substance per liter of water mg L Acute rat inhalation studies with glyphosate show that a high concentration is required to produce lethality The U S EPA places pesticides in one of four categories for acute toxicity based on their LD50 and LCS0 values Category is considered the most toxic and category IV the least toxic Glyphosate is assigned a Category IV pr
26. l residual activity Itis generally non selective and gives broad spectrum Control of many annual weeds perennial weeds woody brush and trees ttis formulated as a water soluble granule containing 73 3 syphosate in the form af its ammonium salt 2 9 iquat dibromide 23 8 other ingredients and no additional surfactant is needed or recommended 1t may be applied through most standard sprayers after dissolution and thorough mixing with water according to label QuikPRO Herbicide Powered by Roundup Technology Sample Specifications 1 Monsanto QuikPRO Herbicide 2 QuikPRO by Monsanto No Substitutions 3 QuikPRO by Monsanto EPA Registration Number 524 535 No Substitutions 4 QuikPRO Herbicide is a water soluble granule formulation and contains 73 3 glyphosate 2 9 iquat bromide and surfactant and requires no additional surfactant the formulation has a CAUTION signal word and a 1 Hour Rainfastness guarantee Product package has a built in measuring tap English and Spanish label and Material Safety Data Sheet 5 73 3 glyphosate 2 9 diquat dibromide and surfactant and requires no additional surfactant the formulation has a CAUTION signal word English and Spanish label and Material Safety Data Sheet 6 73 3 glyphosate 2 9 diquat dibromide CAUTION signal word EPA Registration Number 524 535 Packaging and Weights 1 6 8 pound plastic jug 4 jugs per case 18 cases ana pallet One
27. le and the environment Toxicology is the study ofthe potential harmful effects of substances on living organisms humans plants and animals Toxicological testing evaluates the biological response of living organisms to different routes and durations of exposure to a substance Modern toxicology contributes to clinical occupational and veterinary medicine and plays a key role in the development of drugs food additives home products cosmetics industrial chemicals agrochemicals pesticides etc Paracelsus a 16th Century Swiss Physician recognized as the father of toxicology is noted for his principle that all substances are poisons if the dose is sufficientiy high the dose makes the poison He understood that the relationship between dose and response is inseparable At very low doses even notorious toxins such as arsenic will not cause harm Conversely at very high doses essential substances like water will harm or il The story is no diferent for pesticides at some doses they are harmful and at some doses they do nat pose unreasonable risks Pesticides herbicides insecticides rodenticides fungicides ete cannot be categorized simply a5 dangerous just because they are classified as substances that kill pests Likewise no chemical neither natural made by plants or other organisms nor synthetic made by man can be determined to be completely safe The study of toxicology determines what dos
28. mine if they are operating freely Check all spray tips far visible signs af wear or scratches in discharge area Replace if spray pattern is distorted during operation Remove and clean all spray tips and strainers with al Never use anything to clean spray tips that may scratch them Do not put any herbicides or other products in the tank before operating the system and confirming that the equipment is performing property Proper Spraying Procedures continued During Operation Start engine and operate pump with bypass valve open Check for leaks Close bypass valve until operating pressure is reached Open spray valves ana regulate as necessary until operating pressur is reached Checkspray tips If pattern is distorted of has gaps place tips Calibrate equipment to determine miles per hour you must travel All leaks in valves seals Janis and hose connections must be fixed before product i added to he tank Do not leave the yard with faulty equipment afier Operation Wash and dean the outsid of the tank as often as necessary Clean the inside of th tank when switching products or when all spraying is complete Rinse water from the tank cleaning process should be disposed af by applying to a labeled site where spraying was recently completed ar is usually dane Do not flush rinse water into sewers ar drainage ditches Spray hoses must be examined snd e aned regulary Especi
29. nificant variance in output from average or manufacturer s specifications NOTE Lower pressure reduces fine droplets and spray mist 3 Determine the effective swath width in feet 4 Determine gallons per acre GPA of spray solution desired based on the equipment and product used Consul literature provided by your equipment manufacturer 5 Calculate the distance the sprayer must travel to cover ane acre 43 560 29 R scre Distance sprayer must travel Effective spray width in Feat te spray one acre 5 Fill tank with clean water Operate sprayer over the distance calculated in Step 5 using normal operating speed and pressure Determine the amount of Water sprayed by measuring the amount of water needed to refil the spray tank 7 ifthe amount of water needed to refil the tank does not equal the GPA of pray solution desired step 4 repeat Step 6 Adjust speed ar change nozzles until the predetermined output is obtained 2 When the proper calibration has been obtained repeat the procedure again to double check the results 9 Divide the capacity of your sprayer by the GPA of spray solution Step 4 to provide the number of acres that can be sprayed when your spray tank is ful 10 Multiply the acreage capacity of your truck Step 9 by the amount of each herbicide required per acre to determine the amount of each product to add ta the tank Measured Distance Method Calibration Worksheet Put your numbers into equations as
30. nser brush or trees wouid require a more thorough wetting Calibration I Checklist First rinse tank and fill with clean water Clean all nozzles and screens Check nozzles for proper praying and desired pattern and size Be sure ali nozzles oflike size are discharging equal amounts of liquid Run sprayer and flush all hoses and booms Check for leaks throughout the system With nozzles operating adjust the engine speed or regulator to obtain desired pressure Calibrate sprayer under field conditions Watch for clogged nozzles and varying output among nozzles Make accurate measurements of distances widths and volumen Recheck calculations to confirm your results Check uniformity and nozzle overlap by operating sprayer over paved surface Methods I of Calibration The Measured Distance Method The Measured Distant Method is used when making boom applications generally In areas with wide rights of way or slopes that cannot be reached with boomless equipment 1 Prepare sprayer as described in the Calibration Checklist page 22 change as necessary for desired output 2 Consult your equipment catalog for proper nozzle size based on pressure desired Set the desired pressure Spray clean water through nozzles and collect output for 1 minute to check that each individual nozzle does nat vary significantly from average or manufacturers specifications Replace nozzles that show a sig
31. o a suitable container and dispose of the container in an approved landfill area 4 Flush residues with small quantities af water Minimize the use of water to prevent environmental contamination 5 When a spill occurs on site or is large enough that You need help to contain or clean it up contact a Supervisor immediately In case of a major spill call the manufacturer or Chemrec Chemical Transportation Emergency Center at the numbers shown here STEWARDSHIP Stewardship Property Owner Courtesy Wa property owner approaches you when you are applying herbicides to a right of way remember the owner has the right to know why and what you spraying Below are some tips for helping you handle the situation appropriately 1 Always be polite and courteous 2 Answer questions to the best of your knowledge but do not guess or lie 3 Ifyou cannot answer a question because you don t know the answer refer to the product label or other manufacturer Iterature 4 if you til can t find the answer contact your supervisor 5 Take dawn the name and telephone number of the property owner and inform them that someone will contact them Or provide the person with the information they need to contact your company or department your local Monsanto Representative or provide the Monsanto product information number at 900 332 3111 Complaint Prevention While herbicide use for vegetation management ma
32. oduct use Together we can preserve the nation s infrastructure environment and natural resources Monsanto herbicide technology can help assure your success for years to PRODUCT INFORMATION Monsanto I Product Information Monsanto s herbicide products globally include more than 90 glyphosate based herbicides such as the Roundup branded agricultural herbicides and Roundup branded industrial turf and ornamental products Some of the sites where these products can be used to control weeds are roadsides parks schools golf courses and lawns Roundup brand herbicides are valuable tools for integrated pest management programs and can be used to restore habitat and wildlife food production areas that have been taken over by noxious weeds like Johnsongrass poison ivy Canada thistle musk thistle and yellow starthistle among many other uses Roundup PROMAX I Herbicide Sample Specifications 1 Monsanto Roundup PROMAX herbicide 2 Roundup PROMAX by Monsanto No Substitutions 3 Roundup PROMAX by Monsanto EPA Registration Number 524 579 No Substitutions 4 Roundup PROMAX herbicide contains 48 7 glyphosate and surfactant and requires no additional adjuvant the glyphosate adjuvant formulation has a Class 3 CAUTION signal word and a 30 Minute Rainfast Warranty 48 7 glyphosate and surfactant and requires no additional adjuvant the glyphosate adjuvant formulation has Clase 3 CAUTION signal word 48
33. overnment regulations or be returned to the manufacturer for disposal Monsanto offers a container disposal program for 30 tallon drums of Roundup PRO Concentrate AquaMaster and Campaign Contact your supplier for details Container I Disposal Empty containers not returned to the manufacturer tan be handled according to the procedures below as longas local state and federal laws are followed Triple rinse containers with water Always pour the finse water into the tank immediately after emptying each container Rinsed containers may also be disposed ofin a landfil approved for pesticide disposal or in accordance with applicable government procedures Check with your supervisor to find out if and when herbicide containers may be handled in this manner Spill Response Kit 1 Checklist PVC gloves to mid oresrm Halfface respirator equipped with approved pesticide cartridge PVC boots Chemical resistant splash goggles Vice grip pliers Phillips head screwdriver 2 Shovels Brooms dustpan 400 Ibs of clay granules ora sawdust Xylene 100 ibs oflime First aid kt Tyvek coveralls 2 pair or neoprene coveralls Recover drums two 55 gallon overpakand one gall overpak DOT triangular reflector kit Source ofclean water and soap Preventing Spills To prevent pesticide spills remember the following precautions 1 Keep bags and cardboard containers dry at all 2
34. pallet weighs 490 pounds 2 1 5 ounce packet 5 packets in a box 6 boxes in a tase 102 bones on a pallet one pallet weighs 527 pounds or 5 270 ounces Roundup PRO nap Concentrate Herbicide Sample Specifications 1 Monsanto Roundup PRO Concentrate 2 Roundup PRO Concentrate by Mansa No Substations 3 Roundup PRO Concentrate by Monsanto A Registon Number 524 523 4 The herbicide Roundup PRO Concentrate contains 50 2 pphosate in the format ts Bagra ata st andthe proprietary prOfomance sarc technol The Elyphosatlsuracton formulation kara Class 3 mon signal wor 5 50 2 gyphosote CAUTION signal word EPA Registration Number 24 529 6 502 pyhosste CAUTION signal word Engish and spanish bel and MSDS EA Region Numer 525529 Packaging and Weights 1 2 5 gallon plastic jug 2 jugs per case 48 cases per pallet weighing 2 663 pounds per pallet 2 30 gallon returnable plastic drum 4 drums per pallet weighing 1 278 pounds per pallet 3 Non Key Lock 150 gllonreturnable refilable shuttle available in CA AZ no pump included 1x 150 gallons weighs 1 670 pounds 4 15 30 and 150 gallon retumable refilable bulk containers available through select dealers with authorized repackaging contracts EPA Registration Number 524 529 Product Description Roundup PRO Concentrate isa complete broadspectrum Postemergence herbicide with a formulation containing 50 2 of the active ingredient slyphosate
35. pounds AquaMaster Emerged Aquatic Weed and Brush mem Herbicide EPA Registration Sample Specifications Number 524 343 1 AauaMaster Herbicide by Monsanto satiation 53 8 glyphosate Class 3 CAUTIONS Sienai word full aquatic abel withnouse Mate 53 8 le Other ingredients 162 2 AquaMaster Herbicide by Monsanto EPA 1000 Registration Number 524 343 2 AquaMaster Herbicide by Monsanto EPA Registration Number 524 343 No Substations 4 52 8 Chphosae registered for aquatic sen use eben on treated wate CAUTION signal word a Service and Performance Gurante m be made available by Monsanto Product Description AquaMaster Emerged Aquatic Weed and Brush Herbicide is a water soluble liquid containing 53 8 Byphasatein the form ofits isopropylamine salt which mixes readily with water and nanianie surfactant to be used for the control and destruction of many herbaceous and woody plants When used according to label directions there are no treated with AquaMaster Herbicide Packaging and Weights 1 2 5 gallon plastic jug 2 jugs per ease 48 cases per pallet 2 693 pounds per pale 2 20 gllon returnable plastic drum 4 drums per pallet 1 315 pounds per pallet 3 150 gallon returnable shuttle 1 682 Pounds per shuttle Shuttles do not arrive on pallets en Roundo EPA Registration Number 524 535 Product Description uikPRoisa Postemergenee Systemic herbicide with no soi
36. rements Glyphosate the active ingredient in Roundup branded industrial turf and ornamental herbicides has been evaluated in laboratory and field studies for behavior in the environment and potential impact to non target organisms The results of these studies indicate that application of glyphosate herbicides in accordance with label directions does not pose an unreasonable risk of adverse effects to wildlife and the environment Because of glyphosate s effectiveness and favorable environmental characteristics see next page several of Monsanto s glyphosate formulations have been used by conservation organizations Roundup brand TT amp O herbicides have been used to protect and restore wildlife habitats especially those that have been taken over by invasive species of plants or weeds that threaten native plants and wildlife Many of these plant species are so aggressive and grow so fast rhat they crowd out native plants and the wildlife that depend on them Environmental I Impact continued Laboratory and field studies have shown with respect to wildlife that glyphosate when used according to label directions ls not expected to result in adverse effects to small mammals birds earthworms ar honeybees Poses minimal risk of adverse effects to aquatic animals including amphibians following terrestrial applications Poses minimal risk of adverse effects to aquatic animals folowing
37. roducts ina fashion that has earned us the highest environmental stewardship awards After reading the RSVP binder You will know that if you buy Monsanto s products You are buying the products that will help MAKE YOU SUCCESSFUL in the new century despite its growing demands and challenges For more information on the program please contact yur local Monsanto Retail Sales Manager or visit ww monsante com ito ro contain genes that cont tolerance ta giyphasate the i Img ia Roundup agricultural herbicides Roundup agricultural herbicides wil kl rops that are not tolerant to glyphosate AquaMaster Campaign Certainty Outrider QuikPRO and Design Roundup Original Roundup PRO and Roundup PROMAX are registered trademarks of Monsanto Technology LLC 62008 Monsanto Company 18 9C 07 2691
38. s mix Roundup PRO Concentrate or AquaMaster or Roundup PROMAX as a percent of total tank volume Mix one gallon of liquid herbicide product for every 100 Ballons in the tank to make a 1 solution volume volume In some cases you may need to boost the rate of herbicide inthe tank to 2 volume volume In order to make a 2 solution add 2 gallons of herbicide per 100 gallons of Solution When measuring Roundup PRO Concentrate AquaMaster Roundup PROMAX from a 30 gallon drum use a measuring auge or pump the herbicide into a calibration bucket if using 25 gallon containers of Roundup PRO Concentrate AquaMaster Roundup PROMAX add one container for every 250 gallons of spray solution to make a 1 solution Mixing Roundup PROMAX I in Backpacks 1 Always read label directions before applying Roundup PROMAX Herbicide 2 Add clean water until tank is nearly fll 3 Add enough Roundup PROMAX to made a 0 7 solution to 4 solution 4 Mix well Roundup PROMAX mixes easily so a rocking motion with the backpack will distribute the product throughout the spray solution 5 When applying Roundup PROMAX start at the top of the vegetation and work the spray down to cover the entire plant Thoroughly cover all leaves Mixing Roundup PRO Concentrate in Backpacks 1 Always read label directions before applying Roundup PRO Concentrate Herbicide 2 Add clean water until tank is neariy ful 3 Add enough Ro
39. ter soluble liquid containing surfactant and no additional surfactant is needed or recommended Roundup PRO liquid hasa Class 3 CAUTION signal word The Roundup PRO label is written in both English and Spanish The surfactant in Roundup PRO is the proprietary PROformance system Thus there are no other products that are identical to Monsanto s Roundup PRO Roundup PRO I Herbicide Sample Specifications 1 Monsanto Roundup PRO Herbicide 2 Roundup PRO by Monsanto No Substitutions 3 Roundup PRO by Monsanto EPA Registration Number 524 475 No Substitutions 4 Roundup PRO herbicide contains 41 glyphosate and surfactant and requires no additional adjuvant the glyphosate adjuvant formulation has 3 Class 3 CAUTION signal word and a 1 Hour Rainfastness guarantee 5 41 glyphosate and surfactant and requires no additional adjuvant the glyphosate adjuvant formulation has a Cass 3 CAUTION signal word 6 41 glyphosate CAUTION signal word EPA Registration Number 524 475 7 41 glyphosate CAUTION and Spanish label gnal word English Other custom specifications can be created to mest the needs of your agencies bid policies Packaging and Weights 1 2 5 gallon plastic jug 2 jugs per case 48 cases per Pallet weighing 2 633 pounds per pallet 2 30 gllo returnable plastic drum drums per Pallet weighing 1 278 pounds per pallet 3 150 galon returnable shuttle 1x150 gallons weighing 1631
40. to Representative for details on the Monsanto container retum program High volume handgun applications Roundup PROMAX Roundup PRO Roundup PRO Concentrate or AquaMaster require between 100 and 250 gallons per acre depending upon vegetation density Handgun applications are generally used for tall brush and areas where accessibility is difficult with ixed boom sprayers Custer ses m a luster nozzles have no boom Instead all of the spray comes from one point The system offers many advantages Good coverage at low volumes You can spray many acres quickly Easy to change swath width and pattern from the cab Spray volumes as low as 25 to 50 gallons per acre are possible Easy to calibrate and highly accurate Good coverage is extremely important when spraying with cluster nozzles Droplet sizes will vary so use of an anti drift agent is recommended In addition check uniformity across swath width before beginning operation Even distribution is very important to the accuracy of herbicide application Handgun Equipment Handguns apply herbicides by using a coarse spray with high volumes of water under high pressure Handgun applications provide good spray coverage on tall vegetation or thick brush Handgun equipment can be used with a hose away fram the spray truck or under appropriate conditions from a safely mounted postion on the truck Handgun Application Rates For high volume application
41. undup PRO Concentrate to make a 0 8 to 4 solution 4 Mix well Roundup PRO Concentrate mixes easily 50a rocking motion with the backpack will distribute the product throughout the spray Solution 5 When applying Roundup PRO Concentrate start atthe tap af the vegetation and work the spray down to cover the entire plant Thoroughly cover allleaves Mixing AquaMaster in Backpacks 1 Always read label directions before applying AquaMaster Herbicide 2 Add clean water until tank is nearly full 3 Add AquaMaster according to the labeled rate 4 Add an approved surfactant to the spray solution There is no surfactant in AquaMaster 5 AquaMaster and surfactant mix easily so a rocking motion With the backpack will distribute the products throughout the spray solution Low Volume Directed Spray Application Low volume directed spray applications may be made with handgun or backpack application equipment Low volume directed application with backpacks Works best when treating weeds and brush less than 10 feet tall For taller weeds and brush high volume handguns can be modified by reducing nozzle size and spray pressure to produce a low volume directed spray When making low volume directed spray applications coverage should be uniform with at least 50 of the foliage contacted To ensure adequate spray coverage spray both sides of large or tall woody brush and trees when foliage is thick and dense
42. y offer cost savings for taxpayers it can also be a very sensitive issue A few steps can be taken to prevent public sensitivity and complaints 1 Know the product label Nothing goes further in heading off potential public complaints about misapplication then having a thorough understanding of how and when to apply the herbicide before an application is made 2 Inform the public Advance notice to citizens or businesses along an area to be treated may put them more at ease about herbicide treatments Inform the public about the product its benefits and its relative toxicity Rapid acceptance for your program can be but in advance rather than defended after the fact 4 Avoid drift at al ost Roundup PRO Concentrate AquaMaster and Campaign are non selective herbicides and can potentially damage any desirable vegetation with which the products come in contac The use of low pressure nozzles and drift control agents may help to reduce the risk of herbicide drift 4 Keep records Accurate application records help settle alleged damage complaints Make it a practice for each spray operator to keep an up to date log of the herbicides application rates spray solution mixed and weather conditions at application Include Wind temperature and humidity and note any extreme conditions before or following application Records also help resolve any performance problems due to weather Check local regulations far specific record keeping requi
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