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Some equations and the computerprogram Helena for the

1. unit mm 2 d Figure A1 The txw input file of TOXSWA Alterra TOXSWA_ User Manual 1 2 doc The met input file contains the average temperatures month in water and sediment E TOXSWA input file dk Filename C NSwashProjects project swNtoxswaND6 met Weather station Thiva T Contents Input data for TOXSWA concerning temperature S Date 24 Sep 2002 NE e NR RE m T temperature in water and sediment per month yearmet momet momette 9 i 9 87 977 2 12 62 9077 3 112 ST 4 14 08 977 5 19 76 eT 6 22 13 977 7 24 85 977 8 24 93 977 9 21 39 971 10 16 63 977 11 15 86 977 12 9 69 994 1 9 92 994 2 9 47 994 3 12 51 994 4 15 02 994 5 ILS NG 994 6 23 20 994 7 25 5 39 994 8 26 08 994 9 24 49 994 10 19 A 994 19 22 994 lt Wale O sees 9909 tk 2425 12 ee END Figure A2 The met input file of TOXSWA 48 m2t file is an output file of the MACRO model containing hourly water and pesticide fluxes entering the water body by drainage 5 MACRO to TOXSWA input file C SwashProjects project sw MACRO cereals winter macro00002 p m2t created on 2
2. Different output files can be created during the simulation By clicking the button Output you can chose whether you want i all output files ii all output files needed to for viewing graphical output with the GUI the minimum set of output files or 11 the you may specify the output file yourself Toxswa Output Files TOXSWA output files C All All needed for viewing graphical output with GUI output summary echo and error User defined Hydrology Mass balances Detailed water balance Water layer v Selected segment water layer Sediment Selected sediment subsystem Representative channel Basic data Additional data Monthly water and mass balances Concentrations Water layer Distributions Substance at selected location 1 Drainage Runoff Echo of water and substance entries Figure 12 The TOXSWA output files form 34 Notice though that by default you obtain minimal output you want to analyze several aspects of the run it is advisable to chose all output files needed to for viewing graphical output with the GUP so you will be able to view the predefined graphs However this will increase the run time 2 12 Running the model When you are ready with editing the model input and defining the output files wanted you can start running the model A powerful feature
3. dp wet Section 4 Pesticide loadings Alterra TOXSWA_ User Manual 1 2 doc op ldsd 1 Windies op lddr 1 vites op_ldro 0 l aes ntldsd 1 chat ldsd applot mldsd t30 Dec 18997 1000 0 IL B22 91 stxldsd 0 enxldsd 100 I opl_lddr 2 op_lddrhd 0 stxlddr 0 l aes 3 enxlddr 100 1 1 op_ldupbound 0 wastes rasuupbound 0 2 tings Wc c accru b Section 5 Substance section suname Dummy compound I mamol 300 0 psat 1 0E 07 Pa tepsat 293 15 S 15 mepsat 95000 0 unite gymol cosol 1 0 00 Veres 3 tesol 293 15 mesol 27000 0 Jmol kdmpdit 0 0 kdomssdit 0 5800 sube coobkomss 1 0 03 vies exfrss 1 0 I mbes kdomwbl 0 5800 unit m 3 kg coobkomwb 1 0E 03 Tey meS 1 0 dt50wl 100 0 tedt50wl 293 15 aetf 54000 0 spaties mer dt50wb 300 0 LINT tedt50wb 293 15 T kdfw 43 0 2 END 62
4. nxnofb 0 wats nxnoeb 0 S lesefb 0 Vat ru lesedit 10 00 en 0100 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 leseeb 0 D yea wibot 00 5151 wdhfl 0 01 coss 15 l Gy uma raomss 0 09 dwmp 0 Alterra TOXSWA_ User Manual 1 2 45 castwl 0 0 neg ets 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ORO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 nares oUm zwb 0 10 e m zebb 0 l maies ma nznowb 14 quais nznoebb 0 U UD lesewb 0 0010 0 0010 0 0010 0 0010 Vaes mt 0 0020 0 0020 0 0020 0 0050 0 0050 0 0100 0 0100 0 0100 0 0200 0 0300 leseebb 0 COR raomwb 800 0 0 60 0 60 0 09 800 0 0 60 0 60 800 0 0 60 0 60 0 09 800 0 0 60 0 60 0 09 800 0 060 PIG 0 09 800 0 0 60 0 60 0 09 800 0 0 60 0 60 0 09 800 0 0 60 0 60 0 09 800 0 0 60 0 60 0 09 800 0 0 60 0 60 0 09 800 0 0 60 0 60 0 09 800 0 ORIGO 0 60 0509 800 0 0 60 0 60 0 09 800 0 0 60 0 60 0 09 1415 0 0150 Naties mt castwb 14 0 emt 3 Section 3 Hydrology of water bodies qseif 0 nies n 9n colot 07 psies Sym 3 Qe i veg Jak 0 Paes delthy 600 45 0 50 u 10 l m e 1 lerc 1000 botslre 0 0001 wibotrc 1 0 1 0 5
5. 2 0 000215 pa rcl additional _ 0 000215 pa cwa concentrations water layer op cs1 0 00021s 1 concentrations sediment sub system op mwa 0 00021s pa mwa mass balance water layer op mw1l 0 00021s pa mwl mass balance segment water layer op msa 0 00021s pa msa mass balance all sediment sub systems op ms1 0 00021s pa msl mass balance sediment sub system op dba 0 00021s pa dba distribution substance in total waterbody op dbl 0 000215 pa dbl distribution substance segmentnr wl op mob 0 00021s pa mob monthly water and mass balance Alterra TOXSWA_ User Manual 1 2 doc 59 Section 2 Definition of water layer and sediment 100 00 0 0 nxnodit 20 nxnofb 0 nxnoeb 0 Lm lesefb 0 l lesedit 5 00 5 00 5 00 5500 5500 5 00 500 5 00 5500 5 00 5500 5 00 500 5 000 5 00 50 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 leseeb 0 undbrom wibot 1 00 CER HM 1 0 5 wdhfl 0 01 coss 15 prater quA raomss 0 09 dwmp 0 ugs Gu Z castwl 0 0 pes Amar 0 0 OMO 0 0 0 0 ORO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OMO 0 0 0 0 0 0 coair 0 pies 3 zwb 0 10 zebb 0 nznowb 27 nznoebb 0 TUE lesewb 0 00003 unit m
6. The Transformation tab In this tab the user has to specify the half lives for transformation in water and sediment and the temperature for which these have been determined The temperature dependence of transformation is described with the Arrhenius equation the molar activation energy must be given 30 Edit Substance General Sorption Transformation Water Sediment Half life 9 100 300 Measured at 20 20 Effect of temperature Activation energy J mol 54000 2 10 Editting Application schemes The application scheme form is accessible from the Scenario tab of the main form because it is considered a major building block of a FOCUS scenatio Application schemes can be added with the button of the navigator You can also copy an existing application scheme Application schemes should be given a unique code for reference and a description Two entty routes to the surface water body are considered in TOXSWA drainage or runoff and spray drift It is assumed that drainage and runoff do not occur simultaneously If a drainage scenario is used MACRO or PEARL may provide the input file of TOXSWA In case of a drainage FOCUS scenario MACRO 5 always used If a run off scenario is considered PRZM may give the input file for TOXSWA The user can chose from the list in the edit box which lateral input route calculated by which model is used In the edit box below you may s
7. 00003 00003 00003 00003 00003 00003 00003 00006 00006 00012 00012 00030 00030 60 00030 00075 00075 00200 00200 00300 00500 00500 01000 01000 01000 02000 03000 leseebb 0 l raes 3d bdwb po 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 ldis castwb raomwb 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 09 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 III 2 E 9 92 92 2 92 82 2 III III IE Section 3 Hydrology of water bodies ID LIRE U DE POSEE ROUTE Pr va 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 uni uni uni uni uni uni uni uni uni uni uni arse crestbodyrc wicrestrc kManim alphaen Obasewc arupwc leplot leerwc gt gt
8. Scenarios Help SWASH version 1 9 User s guide version 1 2 Alterra rapport 507 Alterra Wageningen The Netherlands Roller J A te Van den Berg and Adriaanse Sept 2002 Surface WAter Scenarios Help SWASH version 1 9 Technical report version 1 2 Alterra rapport 508 Alterra Wageningen The Netherlands Alterra TOXSWA_ User Manual 1 2 doc 9 2 User s guide for the TOXSWA user interface 2 1 Introduction This chapter gives an overview of the TOXSWA User Interface which is an integrated environment for data storage and data retrieval model control and viewing the output data Figure 1 Basically the user can access the system through the User Interface which is available for Windows 95 98 NT XP The User Interface is linked with a relational database SWASH TOXSWA database for easy data access The User Interface generates the input files for the TOXSWA model and calls the model Some summary can be viewed with the TOXSWA User Interface More comprehensive outputs particularly time series can be viewed with the User Interface as well TOXSWA s model SWASH TOXSWA SWASH TOXSWA User User database Interface Interface Figure 1 Overview of the TOXSWA modelling system It is clear this system is rather complex With the TOXSWA User Interface you don t need to bother about all the relationships The TOXSWA User Interface makes it easy to 10 access standard scenarios as
9. pesticide entries via spray drift deposition and drainage or runoff erosion have been calculated 2 9 Editting substances The substances form is accessible from the Scenario tab of the main form TOXSWA can simulate the fate of only one substance in waterbody This may be the parent entering e g by spray dtift deposition and drainage or a metabolite formed e g during runoff and entering watercourse by the runoff and associated erosion fluxes as calculated by PRZM and written into the p2t file Alterra TOXSWA_ User Manual 1 2 doc 27 2 91 Editting individual compounds The substances form consist of three tabs The tabs are described below The General tab In this tab Figure 9 the user enters the general compound properties A unique code and the compound name must be introduced into the code and name fields The following parameter to be introduced is the molar mass Data on molecular masses of compounds are reported in e g Tomlin 1994 TOXSWA also needs the saturated vapour pressure the temperature at which this parameter is determined the molar enthalpy of vaporization the solubility of pesticide the temperature at which the water solubility is obtained the molar enthalpy of dissolution and the diffusion coefficient in water These properties can be taken from a handbook on chemical properties of pesticides e g Tomlin 1994 Hornsby et al 1996 For further guidance and properties of FOCUS substances see th
10. 26 09 2002 10 48 22 qe Example project 2 26 09 2002 10 48 30 True pen selected project OK lt project sw Description Example project 1 to 7 PEARL SWASH Figure 3 The projects form Existing projects can be selected in the browse box The navigator allows you to create or delete projects see section 2 4 However creating a project in TOXSWA is not possible at this moment version 1 1 10 The function is removed since only standard step 3 FOCUS runs can be executed with the TOXSWA User Interface So the projects can only be generated with SWASH The projects form presents the name of the selected project and its description It allows you to go back to SWASH by clicking the button SWASH At this moment version 1 1 10 this button is disabled because it is not possible to have both software shells SWASH and TOXSWA running at the same time on your pc because they both use the same database So to go back to SWASH you need to exit the TOXSWA shell The PEARL button is disabled as this feature is not yet operational By clicking OK the selected project is opened and you enter the next form the main form 18 2 6 The main form This form is the central point from where you can access the different tables of the database run the model and produce graphs from the TOXSWA output Most of the steps described section 2 3 will be performed from this screen
11. 83808 8 06 04 98201020030 Jo S 8 03E 04 98201020130 3 80 03 8 00 04 98201020230 Sic SOS 98201020330 Se 71 03 04 98201020430 So 75 09 7 90 04 98201020530 Am 7 87 04 98201020630 Sio 12 05 7 84 04 98201020730 06 7 80 04 98201020830 SOE OS 7 77 04 98201020930 3 68 03 7 74 04 98201021030 Se GOS 7 71 04 98201021130 965 03 7 67 04 98201021230 3 64 03 7 64 04 Alterra TOXSWA_ User Manual 1 2 doc 49 98304301330 DOSE SOS 98304301430 2 74 02 3 44 03 98304301530 2 66h02 So SSNS 98304301630 2502 3222 1093 98304301 730 2 48 02 Sa 12103 98304301830 2 40 02 SPION OS 98304301930 2 32 02 2 81 03 98304302030 2 25 02 28205 98304302130 c 1503 98304302230 293 05 98304302330 2 05 02 2 c9 TH Figure A3 The m2t input file for TOXSWA containing hourly mater and pesticide fluxes entering the water body by drainage The p2t file is an output file of the PRZM model containing the hourly runoff water and pesticide fluxes as well as the hourly eroded soil and pesticide sorbed onto the eroded soil fluxes entering the water body by runoff and associated erosion PRZM3 output file TOXSWA input file Filename C SWASH PRZM PROJECTS Paulien maize spr D R3 MZ C1 P2T Generated by TSR PRZM in FOCUS v1 1 3 August 2001 Created 20011106204316 095 PRZM3 input files Chem file R3 MZ INP Met file R3maize met Chemical Dummy D Crop Maize
12. Exposure in sediment No of segments 4 Thickness top layer 0 001 Building Block code edit box before proceeding Figure 7 In this form segment attributes can be entered porosity tortuosity etc The dispersion length of all layers and the thickness of the upper layer for which exposure in the sediment will be presented can be changed in edit boxes in the Sediment tab 24 Toxswa Sediment Building bloks E A n nan J 800 0 60 0 60 TEE Ka ES Figure 7 The Sediment Building Block form The Hydrology Water course tab The page shows edit boxes in which you can enter hydrological values such as the constant base flow the upstream catchment area the width of the plot contributing drainage or runoff fluxes into the watercourse and the plot margin contributing pesticide on eroded soil fluxes When a pond is specified the tab is called the Hydrology Pond tab and this tab will show other parameters Alterra TOXSWA_User_Manual_1 2 doc 25 WaterLayer Sediment Hydrology Watercourse Watercourse Constant flow Base flow m s 1000 000 velocity m d 3 Upstream area 2 000 Water depth 35 Width plot allang watercourse m 100 000 Margin erosion m 20 000 Constant hydrology Representative channel The representative channel button gives access to the characteristics of this channel
13. In this case the sign for instance or in the box has a grey color instead of a black color The edit box 16 Location p4 Longitude dearees 99 00 East positive Name p4 Meteo station Skousbo Latitude dec degrees 99 00 Country Altitude m 99 Water body 5 Meteo station Skousbo M Seepage Concentration Seepage 0 Create datafile for the selected metea station Concentration mg L 0 Create In this part of the form you can edit record which you have selected the browse box The TOXSWA User Interface has three categories of data fields ordinary data fields where you enter a text string data string or numerical data The TOXSWA User Interface will perform range checking after you have entered data option fields or pick lists where you can make a choice between a number of options The button to the right of a pick list a squate with three dots allows you to edit the underlying tables i e got to a lower hierarchical level check boxes where you can switch variables on or off not shown in this example 2 5 The Projects form The projects form appears after starting the TOXSWA User Interface The projects form allows you to organize your data Alterra TOXSWA_ User Manual 1 2 17 zld Select TOXS WA project n Last modified sample project 1
14. Meteo station Porto Meteo station Bologna R4 Meteo station Roujan EX Copy Location pe Longitude deqrees 93 00 East positive pe Meteo station Thiva Latitude dec degrees 99 00 Country Altitude 99 Waterbody DITCH asy Thiva E Seepage Concentration BE ae Seepage mm d 0 Create datafile for the selected meteo station Concentration mg L 0 Create Figure 5 The location form In the locations form itself the user must specify a unique code for the location the location name and the country name not required The longitude and latitude are also required The altitude may be specified but is not required The button create file is used to create a data file for the selected meteo station with the extension met The data file is written to the TOXSWA folder in the directory SWASHProjects In case of a FOCUS scenario the data file met is written automatically to this folder In this way it is possible to open a project in TOXSWA and immediately run all the runs in the project 22 2 7 2 Water body form In the water body form a water body has to be defined by specitying a unique code and a type of water body Toxswa Waterbodies FOCUS ditch scenario Figure
15. Scenario R3 Description Selected 50th percentile year 1984 Season of first application spring Mar May Selected 12 month period 01 Mar 1984 to 28 Feb 1985 Application type ground Number of applications 1 Application Time YYYYMMDDHHMM Mass g 1 30 1984 09 00 1000 0000 fo Ske 63 Bie oS d Er X uo gt 4 t E gt Er to Er c tp c X C c 50 Runoff Volume Runoff flux Erosion Mass Flux Infiltration Time YYYYMMDDHHMM mm h mg as m2 h kg h mg as m2 h mm h 01 Mar 1984 01 00 0 7082E 00 0 0000E 00 0 2693E 01 0 0000E 00 0 3308E 01 01 Mar 1984 02 00 0 7082E 00 0 0000E 00 0 2693E 01 0 0000E 00 0 3308E 01 01 Mar 1984 03 00 0 7082E 00 0 0000E 00 0 2693E 01 0 0000E 00 0 3308E 01 01 Mar 1984 04 00 0 7082E 00 0 0000E 00 0 2693E 01 0 0000E 00 0 3308E 01 01 Mar 1984 05 00 0 7082E 00 0 0000E 00 0 2693E 01 0 0000E 00 0 3308E 01 01 Mar 1984 06 00 0 7082E 00 0 0000E 00 0 2693E 01 0 0000E 00 0 3308E 01 01 Mar 1984 07 00 0 7082E 00 0 0000E 00 0 2693E 01 0 0000E 00 0 3308E 01 01 Mar 1984 08 00 0 7082 00 0 0000E 00 0 2693E 01 0 0000 00 0 3308E 01 01 Mar 1984 09 00 0 7082E 00 0 0000E 00 0 2693E 01 0 0000E 00 0 3308 01 01 Mar 1984 10 00 0 7082E 00 0 0000E 00 0 2693E 01 0 0000E 00 0 3308E 01 01 Mar 1984 11 00 0 7082E 00 0 0000E 00 0 2693E 01 0 0000 00 0 3308E 01 01 1984 12 00 0 7082E 00 0 0000E 00 0 2693E 01 0 0000E 00 0 3308 01 01 Mar 1984 13 00 0 7
16. You can use the buttons on the main menu to navigate through the user interface roxswa project project_H_sw E File Edit Scenario View Runs Graphs Help View Inputfile Calculate Projects Close EN ETT m D 00001 pa Yes Cereals winter_D4 Pond Available 000024 Cereals winter D amp Ditch available T Graphs 000035 pa No Cereals winter R1 Stream Not available Copy Edit Run Scenario Simulation Control Dutput Control Run Status Name Cereals winter D4 Pond B Comments Scenario Pesticide and scenario dependent Location Meteo station Skousbo Substance Dummy compound H_sw Crop Cereals winter Application scheme apps cheme_00001p_pa m Initial conditions for pesticide Figure 4 The main form 2 6 1 Status bar The status bar contains five options File EditScenatio View Runs Graphs Help which will guide you to different processes Clicking each of these options will show you a box with options for different processes Table 1 Table 1 Options Status Bar in the main form of the TOXSWA User Interface Option Sub option Action File close Closes the GUI EditScenario Projects Return to the Projects form Locations Opens the Locations form Substance Opens the Substances form Application Schemes Opens the Application S
17. and 150 for a stream ditch and pond respectively For more details refer to section 4 4 3 If tem gt T Formation of metabolites in the FOCUS surface water body is negligable nearly all substance has flowed out before a considerable metabolite mass has been formed If tem lt T A Metabolite is mainly formed in water phase Determine the time of the global maximum concentration for the parent and enter at max the maximum percentage of formed metabolite expressed in g m water surface area Enter this mass as an artificial spray drift loading into TOXSWA Change the m2t or p2t loadings file of the parent into a file delivering water fluxes only by setting all pesticide fluxes in these files to 0 and couple it to 14 TOXSWA Next run TOXSWA for the metabolite You now obtain an approximate metabolite exposure concentration based on a correct hydrology The approximations consist of formation of metabolites happens during a certain period of time while the maximum percentage has been added in one time in the water Stream only formation of metabolites in upstream catchment has not been taken into account B Metabolite is mainly formed in sediment phase Enter the maximum percentage of formed metabolite expressed as g m sediment for the upper sediment layer i e 5 cm for FOCUS sws as an initial concentration Change the m2t p2t loadings file of the parent into a file delivering water
18. and mass balance 0 no 1 yes Section 2 wibot m bottom width of water body 0 05 100 sisl side slope horizontal vertical 1 E 5 10 wdhfl m water depth defining perimeter for exchange water layer 0 2 sediment h_w COSS g m3 concentration of suspended solids ss 1 100000 raomss mass ratio of organic matter m om ss 0 551 dwmp g m 2 dry weight of macrophyte biomass per m 2 bottom DW 0 1000 castwl g m 3 initial mass concentration of pesticide in water layer for O 100 segments in x direction nxsetot so buffers included xdit m the length of the water body and xf and xe are respectively its front 0 05 10000 and end buffers xf m length of front buffer 0 1000 xe m length of end buffer 0 1000 nxnodit number of segments in waterbody 1 500 nxnofb number of segments in front buffer 0 25 nxnoeb number of segments in end buffer 0 25 1 lengths of segments in front buffer 0 1000 lesedit m lengths of segments in waterbody 0 05 1000 leseeb m lengths of segments in end buffer 0 1000 coair g m constant background concentration of pesticide in air 0 0 zwb m depth of sediment end buffer excluded 0 001 0 5 zebb m depth of end buffer of sediment 0 if none 0 0 1 nznowb number of segments in sediment end buffer excluded 0 50 nznoebb number of segments in end buffer 0 if none 0 10 lesewb m thickness of segments
19. close SWASH Run MACRO all D scenarios listed in the project report Do not forget to create the m2t output files after having finished the MACRO runs they are automatically stored at the correct directories Exit the MACRO shell and enter SWASH again Click on the PRZM button on the upper bar of the SWASH screen to start the PRZM shell and close SWASH Run PRZM for all R scenarios listed in the project report The p2t files are automatically prepared during the PRZM runs and placed in the correct directories Exit PRZM shell and enter SWASH again No action is needed to calculate the spray drift deposition onto the water body SWASH prepares this value automatically for you when you clicked the button Export FOCUS input to MACRO PRZM and TOXSWA Click on the TOXSWA button on the upper bar of the SWASH screen to start the TOXSWA shell and close SWASH You will now enter the TOXSWA Projects screen from where you can proceed 2 3 2 Selecting the FOCUS project in TOXSWA Selecting the project and pressing the Ok button double clicking on the project will open the project in the TOXSWA User Interface A new screen with all the runs in the project appears 2 3 3 Running TOXSWA Select in the Browse Runs box all runs of the project you want to execute Open the tab page Output Control in the Edit Run part of the screen and change the selected output files if you want to obtain more than the minimal outp
20. entries by drainage or runoff respectively txw met un2tor p2t The txw input file contains values for all parameters needed to execute simulation run The file is divided into five sections characteristics Definition of water layer and sediment Hydrology of water bodies Pesticide loadings Substance properties Table A1 List of all parameters in txw file and their ranges parameter unit description range Section 1 prname Name of project max 25 pos locname Name of location max 25 pos runcom Comments for run max 25 pos op hyd Simulation control option hyd 0 Run hydrology and then substance hyd lt 1 Assumes hydrology output and assumes hdr file 4 2 Runs hydrology if no hdr file hyd 3 Runs only hydrology met Name of meteo file met rodr Path and name of m2t or pwt file stdate Start date of simulation in TOXSWA 01 Jan 0000 31 Dec 9999 endate End date of simulation in TOXSWA 01 Jan 0000 31 Dec 9999 chastdatemet MMM YYYY starting month for which average temperature is given chaendatemet MMM YYYY last month for which average temperature is given deltwb 5 calculation timestep sediment 1 3600 deltouth h timestep for output except for hydrology output 1 1000 nwbsy number of segments in water layer coupled to sediment sub 0 9 sys
21. in sediment 0 00001 0 5 leseebb m thickness of segments in end buffer 0 if none 0 0 1 bdwb kg m bulk density of dry sediment material rho b as a function of 10 3000 depth end buffer excluded por porosity volume fraction void water epsilon as a function of 0 1 depth end buffer excluded tor tortuosity lamba as function of depth end buffer excluded 0 1 raomwb mass ratio organic matter of dry sediment material m om wb asa O 1 function of depth end buffer excluded 196 m dispersion length 0 1 castwb g m initial mass concentration pesticide in sediment for the total 0 1000 number of segments in 2 direction nzsetot end buffer included Section 3 qseif constant upward downward seepage through sediment 0 0 01 expressed as volume of drained or supplied water divided contributing plot area and time colot g m concentration of pesticide in upward seeping incoming water 0 1 switch for constant flow of water in time and space or a variable 0s flow in time and in space because of incoming drainage or runoff water 0 constant flow 1 variable flow op hd Switch for hourly or daily data on drainage runoff entries 0 0 1 1 5 calculation time step for water balance calculations of the pond or 1 86400 the watercourse wdh m If op_vafl 0 constant flow of water in time and spac
22. is not yet implemented Concentration of pesticide time concentration the water layer 15 given as a function of time for maximally 9 water layer segments The concentration in the selected top layer of the sediment is given as a function of time Alterra TOXSWA_ User Manual 1 2 doc 37 Concentration of pesticide in water and sediment Dissolved pg L Adsorbed to suspended solids mg g Adsorbed to macrophytes mg g Total pg L Dissolved pg L adsorbed to sediment mg g Figure 15 Graph Concentration of pesticide in water and sediment as a function of time 5 Concentration of pesticide in water body This graph is not yet implemented 6 Distribution of pesticide This graph is not yet implemented 7 Mass balance of pesticide in water layer This graph is not yet implemented 8 Mass balance of pesticide in sediment This graph is not yet implemented Note that for the graphs presenting results for sediment subsystems only results can be shown for subsystems that have been selected for output at the start of the simulation At this moment version 1 1 13 it is not yet possible to manipulate or print the graphs 38 References Adriaanse P L 1996 Fate of pesticides in field ditches TOXSWA simulation model DLO Winand Staring Centre Report 90 Wageningen Hornsby R D Wauchope and Herner 1996 Pestic
23. isotherm based at organic matter content of 0 10000 sediment material K om wb distribution coefficient coobkomwb kg m concentration pesticide at which the K om of the sediment 1 E 6 0 1 materialhas been observed c e wb exfrwb Freundlich exponent for sorption to sediment material n wb 0 1 2 dt50wl d half life for transformation in water at 293 0 1 1 E6 tedt50wl K temperature at which transformation in water was measured 273 373 J mol molar Arrhenius activation energy for transformation rate also used 0 1000000 for sediment dt50wb d half life transformation sediment at 293 K 0 1 1 6 tedt50wb K temperature at which transformation in sediment was measured 273 373 kdfw mm7 d diffusion coefficient pesticide in water D_w 1 200 p TOXSWA input file for TOXSWA model version 2 0 made by TOXSWA GUI version Toxswa 2 08 File name C SwashProjects project sw toxswa 00002d pa txw ie Contents Input for TOXSWA 2 0 simulation Creation 24 Sep 2002 16 26 x Characteristics of run Run id 00002d 2 Substance sw Cereals winter Waterbody type 8 ws Application method ground spray Application rate 0 10 kg ha Number of applications al Loading route 5 Remarks Alterta TOXSW A User Manual 1 2 doc 43 44 Section 1 Run characteristics panone Oee Jl Sie Name of project max 25 pos locname D
24. of the TOXSWA user interface is that you can execute multiple runs so you don t need to wait with starting the second run until the first is ready To execute the model first go to the main form If you are not in the appropriate project first go to the projects form and select the project Now double click all runs you want to execute In case you want to select every run in the project select all runs by clicking Runs in the status bar in the main menu and then click select all runs You will see the Selected indicator changing to Yes When all desired runs are selected you can press the Calculate button to actually run the model Every time you press the Calculate button the TOXSWA user interface will generate the TOXSWA input files and weather data files This can take some time After a while you will see a console window with the logo of the TOXSWA simulation kernel You can follow the course of the simulation in this window You can enter CNTRL C to interrupt the model execution The actual computation time depends upon the number of numerical segments in the sediment To give you indication execution of the stream FOCUS scenario for winter cereals in Brimstone took about 17 minutes on a Pentium 3 1000 MHz computer with memory size 128 MB The same scenario took about 11 minutes on an AMD XP 1800 running on 1533 MHz computer with 512 MB memory size Computation time can be reduced by reducing t
25. the sediment Therefore the user should not use the standard FOCUS sediment segmentation for compounds with Koc above 10 000 L kg We recommend to use the segmentation presented in Appendix 5 This should replace the standard segmentation in the txw input file of TOXSWA Howevet it remains the responsibility of the user to check that he has indeed obtained a convergent solution Once you have editted the txw file run the TOXSWA model without passing by the TOXSWA User Interface see below Metabolites TOXSWA can only simulate the behaviour of one substance in the water body so it does not simulate the formation of metabolites in water or in sediment However it is possible to calculate or at least estimate the concentration of the metabolite in water and sediment The following cases can be distinguished 1 Metabolite is only formed in soil metabolite study MACRO and PRZM calculate loadings of the metabolite into the surface water TOXSWA needs to make a separate run for the metabolite with its specific substance properties using the metabolite m2t or p2t file for drainage or runoff loading there is no spray drift deposition in this metabolite TOXSWA run 2 Metabolite is only formed in the water sediment studies Compare the time needed for formation of the maximum metabolite mass tem to the monthly averaged hydraulic residence time of the FOCUS surface water bodies The monthly averaged residence time is approximately 0 1 5
26. 082 00 0 0000E 00 0 2693E 01 0 0000E 00 0 3308E 01 01 Mar 1984 14 00 0 7082 00 0 0000E 00 0 2693E 01 0 0000E 00 0 3308E 01 01 Mar 1984 15 00 0 7082E 00 0 0000E 00 0 2693E 01 0 0000E 00 0 3308 01 28 Feb 1985 13 00 0 0000E 00 0 0000E 00 0 0000E 00 0 0000E 00 0 2930 01 28 Feb 1985 14 00 0 0000 00 0 0000E 00 0 0000E 00 0 0000E 00 0 2930 01 28 Feb 1985 15 00 0 0000E 00 0 0000E 00 0 0000E 00 0 0000E 00 0 2930 01 28 Feb 1985 16 00 0 0000 00 0 0000 00 0 0000E 00 0 0000E 00 0 2930 01 28 Feb 1985 17 00 0 0000 00 0 0000 00 0 0000E 00 0 0000E 00 0 2930 01 28 Feb 1985 18 00 0 0000 00 0 0000 00 0 0000E 00 0 0000E 00 0 2930 01 28 Feb 1985 19 00 0 0000 00 0 0000 00 0 0000E 00 0 0000E 00 0 2930 01 28 Feb 1985 20 00 0 0000 00 0 0000 00 0 0000E 00 0 0000E 00 0 2930 01 28 Feb 1985 21 00 0 0000 00 0 0000 00 0 0000E 00 0 0000E 00 0 2930 01 28 Feb 1985 22 00 0 0000 00 0 0000 00 0 0000E 00 0 0000E 00 0 2930 01 28 Feb 1985 23 00 0 0000E 00 0 0000 00 0 0000E 00 0 0000E 00 0 2930 01 28 Feb 1985 24 00 0 0000 00 0 0000 00 0 0000E 00 0 0000E 00 0 2930 01 Figure Ad The p2t input file for TOXSWA containing hourly water and pesticide fluxes entering the water body by runoff and erosion Alterra TOXSWA_User_Manual_1 2 doc 51 Appendix 2 Output files for TOXSWA By default the following three output files are always created ech echo of all input data err list of all errors and warni
27. 28 2 10 EDITTING APPLICATION SCHEMES 2 4 42 12 0 000000000000000000 nnns 31 2 11 DEFINING THE OUTPUT OF THE 33 2 11 1 Output Control tab of the main form seen 33 2 12 RUNNING THE MODEL A 35 213 CREATING GRAPHS ee de E E eco 36 REEERENGES 2 34 APPENDICES naa svnoosvensencensensonnoorensvensenvensencensenrennvenensvensencensensenneorennvenensvensencensensennveren 35 Preface This document accompanies the FOCUS TOXSWA version 1118 release of October 11 2002 to the members of the FOCUS Surface Water Scenarios Working Group This version of the TOXSWA tool 1s intended to run only so called standard step 3 FOCUS Surface Water Scenarios Its functionalities are still limited e g it is not yet possible to run the Dutch standard scenarios with this tool This document limits itself to the most essential parts of the TOXSWA manual namely the User s guide for the TOXSWA User Interface plus some general information on a o Installation and Versions It will be expanded in the future to include an overview of input files and output files the model parametrisation the Dutch standard scenario and an user s guide to the command line version of TOXSWA for expert users 1 Introduction General This document is a guide to the use
28. 4 09 2002 09 33 08 MACRO FOCUS Version 4 4 2 Output File C SwashProjects project sw MACRO cereals winter macro004 bin v Bme Pile ue C SwashProjects project sw MACRO cereals winter paren004 par 5 2 s Compound H sw m Scenario D6 is Surface water drained at 1 m depth and 8 m spacing gt Simulation from 19800101 to 19870430 application every year 6 year warm up outputs for the last 16 months m Crop Cereals winter not irrigated Application type Ground spray A Number of applications 1 Date Mass ai ha 1 5 Dec 1986 1000 Time YYYYMMDDHHMM Drainage mm h Pest flux to drains mg m2 h 198201010030 4 17 03 8 82 04 98201010130 ARES Seon 04 98201010230 4 14E 03 8 76E 04 98201010330 4 12E 03 8 72E 04 98201010430 abe i ii 8 69 04 98201010530 4 09 03 8 66 04 98201010630 4 08 03 8 62 04 98201010730 4 06 03 8 59 04 98201010830 4 05 03 8 56 04 98201010930 4 03 03 2 DAO 98201011030 4 02 03 8 49 04 98201011130 4 00 03 8 46 04 98201011230 99903 8 42 04 98201011330 EON Ime 8 39E 04 98201011430 SORS 8 36E 04 98201011530 3 94 03 8 33 04 98201011630 SSS 8 29 04 98201011 730 8 26 04 98201011830 SOES 08 8 23 04 98201011930 08 8 19 04 98201012030 Sis 8 16 04 98201012130 3 86 03 8 13 04 98201012230 3 84 03 8 10 04 98201012330 3
29. 6 meteo Thiva Name of location max 25 pos FOCUS Comments for run max 50 pos op hyd 0 Hydrology simulation control option met p6 met C SwashProjects project sw MACRO cereals winter macro00002 p m2t stdate l Jan 1986 B endate 30 Apr 1987 wats chastdatemet 1977 chaendatemet Dec 1994 deltwb 600 deltouth 3 1 iwbsy 10 ktop 12 ntcurve 1 Eet ee tcurvedate 1 unite hyb 0 00002d pa hyb water balance op mfl 0 00002d pa mfl echo of water and substance entries a zel 0 HEROS CMS ciens TET SEG Og 62 0 000024 1 additional 0 000024 pa cwa concentrations water layer ga ce 0 000024 51 concentrations sediment sub system op mwa 0 00002d pa mwa mass balance water layer op mw 0 00002d pa mwl mass balance segment water layer ojs mea 000024 pa msa mass balance all sediment sub systems 0 000024 pa msl mass balance sediment sub system op dba 0 00002d pa dba distribution substance in total waterbody oa lol 0 00002d pa dbl distribution substance segmentnr wl op mob 0 00002d pa mob monthly water and mass balance Section 2 Definition of water layer and sediment xdit 00 00 Wms mt 0 ct 0 nxnodit 10
30. 6 The water body form The Water Layer tab On the Water Layer tab you can Change the dimensions and side slope of the water body Edit the segments within the water layer Change some water body characteristics such as dry weight of the macrophytes per bottom area To change the bottom width the depth of the water layer the side slope or the length of the draining plot you have to enter the values in the edit boxes Altetra TOXSWA User Manual 1 2 doc 23 edit segments within the water body press the Segments button The Sediment tab The sediment 15 build by a number of layers which themselves are composed of segments The user can modify the different layers by specifying the building block code the thickness of the layer and the number of segments in the layer WaterLayer Sediment Hydrology Watercourse Browse layers in sediment Building Block code Thickness of layer It may be necessary to create building block before you can select one In this case you have to enter the Sediment Building Blocks form pick list next to the Sediment 1 D1d SB1 0 004 4 2014581 0 006 3 3 0145861 0 010 2 4 D1d SB1 0 030 3 5 019 581 0 020 Edit layer in sediment Disperion length of all layers Layer 1 Dispersion length 0 015 Sediment Building Block code 019 581 7 Thickness of layer 0 004
31. A 15 the third step of the complete installation of the SWASH software package Installation of SWASH and TOXSWA 15 explained in the read me first and read me TOXSWA text files of the Alterra ftp site respectively See also Appendix 3 and 4 Basically installing comes down to first installing SWASH and next installing TOXSWA If you encounter problems in installation contact us at j a teroller wisl nl Registration and support Registration of users wil be done at the JRC website in Italy If you have downloaded the TOXSWA model there you are not yet registered as TOXSWA user We strongly recommend to register Registered users have some benefits over non registered users If you do not yet have this manual you will obtain it including the latest updates You can get the source code upon request You will be put on the TOXSWA mailing lists Through the mailing list we will inform you about updates bugs and reports Documentation Horst M M S ter P I Adriaanse W H J Beltman and van den Berg Manual of FOCUS TOXSWA version 1 1 1 Draft 27 September 2002 Alterra rapport 586 Alterra Wageningen The Netherlands FOCUS 2002 FOCUS Surface Water Scenarios in the EU Evaluation Process under 91 414 EEC Report of the FOCUS Working Group on Surface Water Scenarios EC Document Reference SANCO 4802 2002 rev1 221 pp Esp sections 4 4 and 5 5 Van den Berg Adriaanse and J A te Roller Sept 2002 Surface WAter
32. Dii Qbaserc 3 706 gems m s el arrc 2 t norte Be crestbodyrc 0 40 waits m wicrestrc 0 5 AN kManim 25 0 2 alphaen 1 2 Qbasewc 3 706 l 7 arupwc 2 leplot 100 quels leerwc 20 2 m 46 Section 4 Pesticide loadings eror else 1 d xb d oS iero 0 uses ntldsd 1 chatldsd applot mldsd 30 Dec 1899 1000 0 2 stxldsd 0 enxldsd 100 opl lddr 2 op lddrhd 0 stxlddr 0 enxlddr 100 op ldupbound 0 rasuupbound 0 0 wats Section 5 Substance section suname Dummy compound mamol 300 0 emo psat 1 0 07 rome tepsat 293 15 25 mepsat 95000 0 Iona ero cosol 1 0 00 tesol e 272225 tuna eene 1 mesol 27000 0 unit J mol kdmpdit 0 0 kdomssdit 0 0580 coobkomss 1 0E 03 exfrss 1 0 kdomwb1 0 0580 unit m 3 kg coobkomwb 1 0E 03 broli Weyns unit m 3 kg 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 Slee waley dt50wl 100 0 e Cl tedt50wl 293 15 ica aetf 54000 0 unit J mol dt50wb 300 0 ius Gl tedt50wb 293 15 unit kdfw 43 0 END OF
33. It represents the average conditions for a watercourse in the catchment considered with respect to channel width bottom slope and bottom roughness It is used to calculated the variation of the water level as a function of time in TOXSWA s watercourse for the discharge coming out of the upstream catchment basin 2 7 3 The Meteo station form In the meteo form you have to specify information about the weather station First you must specify a unique code for the weather station The altitude longitude and latitude are also required The button View data opens a new screen where meteorological data can be viewed and edited With version 1 1 1 it is not possible to modify the data Since only step 3 FOCUS scenarios can be runned meteorological data is fixed 26 Toxswa Meteo Stations Browse Meteo Stations Code Name County Brimstone Brimstone La Jailliere La Jailliere Lanna Porto Roujan Skousbo e Vredepeel Weiherbach Weiherbach Copy ta gt i Edit Meteo Station Code hv 59 0 View data Country Longitude degrees East positive 2306 Latitude dec degrees 3823 Altitude 39 Figure 8 The Meteo Station form 28 Editting Crops The TOXSWA model does not need any crop information This edit box has been added only in the TOXSWA User Interface to inform the user for which crop the
34. T and WinXP SW ASH is likely to run on Win95 and Win 98 machines howevet this has not yet been tested Win2000 has been combined with MS Office Access97 and with MS office Access2000 without prior Access 97 installed WinNT has been tested with MS Office Access97 WinXp has been tested with MS Office 5 Access rights On WinNT Win2000 and WinXP machines it is necessary to have Administrator rights Preinstalled software Windows version 98 or higher MSAccess 97 or higher Hard disk memory SWASH requires 6 5 Mb for installation TOXSWA requires 3 5 Mb for installation Display Monitor with at least 800x600 at 256 colors Processor The faster the better Literature Roller J A te van den Berg Adriaanse 2002 SUrface WAter Scenarios Help SWASH version 1 9 Technical report version 1 2 Alterra rapport 508 Wageningen the Netherlands 54 Berg van den Adriaanse J A te Roller 2002 Surface WAter Scenarios Help SWASH version 1 9 User s Guide version 1 2 Alterra rapport 507 Wageningen the Netherlands Known bugs Alterra TOXSWA_ User Manual 1 2 55 Appendix 4 Read me TOXSWA text file for installation of TOXSWA TOXSWA Read me file date 11 Oct 2002 version 1 This readme file contains information for TOXSWA model version 2 1 1 F1beta TOXSWA shell version 2 1 SWASH TOXSWA database version 2 1 11 October 2002 If you suff
35. TION iere enean eene ea devo ge n 7 2 USER S GUIDE FOR THE TOXSWA USER INTERFACE oe oee 10 2 1 INTRODUCTION tede He tede tee sess ces E ede 10 2 2 GETTING STARTED onee Bowe 11 2 3 GENERATING FOCUS E E 11 2 3 1 Introductionary steps needed annen 11 2 3 2 Selecting the FOCUS project 22 1 00000000 12 2 3 3 Running TOXSWA eise dee diende ven ee eee ane velde eene erken neden 12 2 3 4 Viewing the 13 2 3 5 Special p eenheden eelde terende eaves cased 13 24 GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THE TOXSWA USER 2 15 2 5 THE PROIECTS EORM one ende Rede 17 2 6 THEMAIN EORM z 5 E 19 2 6 1 19 2 6 2 Main buttons of the main form sees eene eren 20 2 6 3 Iheiabsofthe main form t etn rh eerte entes 20 2 7 EDITTING EOGCATIONS nei e ete pte Meat ead 21 2 7 1 Ihelocations form ut tee eem dere 21 2 7 2 Ihe Water body form Henne nets 23 2 7 3 Ihe Meteo station deer b dt eti tenes 26 2 8 EDITING CROPS 55 mie ptem ber vule sedit 27 2 9 EDITTING SUBSTANGES HE Ds ce pea ditti unt ie steer eed 27 2 9 1 Editting individual compounds eene
36. User s guide for the Toxswa user interface Eventueel opdrachtgever hier vermelden anders deze tekst wissen PAS niet het tekstkader wissen 2 Manual of FOCUS TOXSWA version 1 1 18 Draft 27 September 2002 M M S ter Horst P I Adriaanse W H J Beltman and van den Berg Alterra 586 Alterra Green World Research Wageningen 2002 ABSTRACT Author s 2002 subtitle Wageningen Alterra Green World Research Alterra 586 pp figs tables refs Voeg in referaat 100 120 woorden trefwoorden tichtlijnen voor het maken van referaat n trefwoorden zijn te verkrijgen bij Sylvia Kuster Keywords ISSN 1566 7197 This report be ordered by paying 00 into bank account number 36 70 54 612 in the name of Alterra Wageningen the Netherlands with reference to Document2 This amount is inclusive of VAT and postage 2002 Alterra Green World Research P O Box 47 NL 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands Phone 31 317 474700 fax 31 317 419000 e mail postkamer alterra wag ur nl No part of this publication may be reproduced or published any form by any means stored in a data base or retrieval system without the written permission of Alterra Alterra assumes no liability for any losses resulting from the use of this document Project XXXX Alterra 586 01 2002 Contents PREFACE 6 INTRODUC
37. cated in bold TOXSWA input file for TOXSWA model version 2 0 made by TOXSWA GUI version Toxswa 2 09 F File name C SwashProjects project_I 2_potato toxswa 00021s_pa txw Contents Input for TOXSWA 2 0 simulation i Creation 002 09858 gt Characteristics of run ts Run id 00021s_pa Substance 1 2 pyrethroide ES Crop Potatoes ts Waterbody type Stream X Application method ground spray Application rate 8 ovo 8 Number of applications 2 Loading route Remarks xc cc rc Hj Section 1 Run characteristics prname project I 2 potatoe Name of project max 25 pos locname D4 meteo Skousbo runcom FOCUS op hyd 0 Name of location max 25 pos Comments for run max 50 pos Hydrology simulation control option met D4 met rodr C NXSwashProjects project I 2 potato MACRO potatoes macro00021 p m2t stdate 01 Jan 1985 endate 30 Apr 1986 qualis chastdatemet 1975 chaendatemet Dec 1994 deltwb 600 NEA iy deltouth 3 watts nwbsy 1 iwbsy 20 ktop 25 unit ntcurve 1 aeg tourvedate l Jan 1985 04 1 units op 0 000215 pa hyb water balance op_mfl 0 000215 pa mfl echo of water and substance entries op rcl 0 OZ
38. chemes form Input conditions for pesticide Opens the Initialisation Pesticides form Alterra TOXSWA_User_Manual_1 2 doc 19 View Input File Opens the input file txw Report File Opens the report file Summary output file Opens the summary output file sum Log file Opens the echo file ech Error file Opens the error file err Runs Delete output of selected run Removes the output of a selected run in the browse box Select all runs All runs will be selected Yes in browse box Deselect all runs All runs will be deselected in browse box Graphs Graphs Opens the Choice of Graph box Help Help function is not yet implemented version 1 1 1 2 6 2 Main buttons of the main form The functions of the main buttons Under the status bar and at the right hand side of the main form are described in Table 2 Table 2 Main buttons of the main form of the TOXSWA User Interface Button Action View Inputfile Opens the TOXSWA input file txw Calculate Starts the calculations of all the runs selected in the browse box Projects Return to the Projects form Help Help function is not yet implemented version 1 1 1 Close Closes the TOXSWA User Interface Report Opens the FOCUS report Graphs Opens the Choice of Graph box 2 6 3 tabs of the main form The main form consists of four tabs i e a Scenario tab a Simulation Control tab an Output Control tab and a Run Status tab The Output tab will b
39. del Before running the model you have to define the output that you want to create with TOXSWA However the default settings of the TOXSWA user interface have been set so that you usually don t need to bother about output control Output is controlled in the Output Control tab of the main form 2111 The Output Control tab of the main form You can set the output interval The default value for the output interval is 3 hours You can reduce the size of the output file by setting the output interval to higher values Suppose that a 3 hours interval ends at 12 00 then the output printed is the output at 12 00 and not some kind of an average of the output interval Furthermore you can select the segments for which output is wanted in the Output Segments section This section shows two list boxes one for segments selected for output and one for the remaining segments Segments can be moved from one list to Alterra TOXSWA_User_Manual_1 2 doc 33 the other by selecting them and clicking the appropriate button Note that the average exposure concentrations will be calculated for the segments selected here L Edit Run Scenario Simulation Control Output Control Run Status Output Segments Output time Seis A Segment Position Segment ANGE Position Time interval of output 3 10 30 100 gt Time curves for hydrology Set time curves zl lt gt
40. drology run is done The following options are available Run hydrology and then substance Assumes hydrology output and assumes file Runs hydrology if no file e Runs only hydrology The default option is Run hydrology and then substance 2 7 Editting locations From the locations form the user can access data that are usually considered spatially distributed such as weather data and information about the water bodies 2 71 The locations form In the locations form the user will find general information on the site such as the name and the altitude The locations form can be accessed from the scenario tab of the main form but you can also use the edit menu of the main form In the locations form the user has to select a weather station and a water body Please notice it may be necessaty to create a new water body and or a new weather station before you can select one In this case you have to enter the Water body and Meteo station forms before proceeding Alterra TOXSWA_User_Manual_1 2 doc 21 The user has to specify whether drainage or runoff is used as input route to the surface water body Furthermore the seepage and the concentration in the incoming upward seepage water needs to be specified TK Browse Locations C le IET 03 D3 Meteo station Vredepeel D4 Meteo station Skousbo D5 Meteo station La Jailliere Meteo station Thiva R1 Meteo station Weiherbach R2
41. dy Use the Spray drift edit view button to define the individual spray drift events Add a new event with the button of the navigator or copy an existing event In the lower half of the screen the event has to be further defined Enter the date the dosage and the drift percentage The edit box of the drift deposition will automatically be filled after entering the drift percentage The drift percentage may be defined by the user calculated with the IMAG drift calculator Holterman and Van de Zande 2002 or calculated with the FOCUS drift calculator The user has to enter the value for the drift percentage manually in the edit box except for FOCUS scenarios where the complete application form and spray drift form is filled in automatically because applications are defined in SWASH for a FOCUS scenario 32 Toxswa Spray drift events Browse Spray Drift Events Serial number Date of Application dd mm yyyy Dosage kg ha Drift deposition ma nr 1 1 1 927 1 927 Edit Spray Drift Spray Drift Serial number 1 User defined IMAG drift calculator Dosage kg ha 1 FOCUS drift calculation Drift deposition mg rr 1 927 Calculate spray drift Drift percentage 1 327 read from m2t Date dd mm yyyy Close Figure 11 The Spray drift events form 2 11 Defining the output of the mo
42. e constant 0 01 2 0 water depth in pond or in watercourse Alterra TOXSWA_ User Manual 1 2 doc 41 u m d constant flow velocity in pond or in watercourse 100000 100000 switch for pond one segment watercourse more segments 0 1 with one water depth 0 pond 1 watercourse arpo ha size of area surrounding the pond from which drainage or runoff 0 50 water and pesticide mass will flow into the pond arerpo ha size of area surrounding the pond from which eroded soil 0 50 including pesticide sorbed onto the soil will flow into the pond Qbasepo mid base flow i e minimal inflow into pond occurring even when 0 001 50 there is no runoff or drainage water entering crestbodypo m height of weir body up to crest in the pond 0 20 5 0 wicrestpo m crest width of weir located at the outflow of the pond 0 1 5 0 lerc m length of representative channel 10 2000 botslrc bottom slope of representative channel 0 01 wibotrc m bottom width of representative channel 0 5 10 0 sislrc side slope hor vert of representative channel 1 E 5 10 Qbaserc flow minimal inflow into representative channel 0 001 100 occurring even when there is no drainage or runoff water entering arrc ha size of the area located upstream
43. e FOCUS report 2002 28 Toxswa Substance Browse Substances Dummy compound D sw Dummy compound E sw Dummy compound sw E Dummy compound G_sw Dummy compound H_sw Dummy compound sw Edit Substance General Sorption Transformation Code Dummy compound _ sw Molar mass g mol 300 Saturated vapour pressure 1E measured at 20 Molar enthalpy of vaporisation J mol 35000 Solubility in water 1 measured 20 Molar enthalpy of dissolution 27000 Diffusion coefficient in water 4 3E 5 Help Close Figure 9 The substance form The Sorption tab The sorption of compounds to suspended solids and sediment is described with a Freundlich equation assuming that sorption to suspended solids and sorption to sediment are analogous processes to sorption to soil Adriaanse 1996 The Sorption tab consists of two parts e the first part contains parameters describing the Freundlich coefficient the reference concentration and the Freundlich exponent e the second part deals with linear sorption on macrophytes Alterra TOXSWA_User_Manual_1 2 doc 29 In each of sections there are edit boxes in which you can enter sorption coefficients For the suspended solids and sediment Freundlich sorption parameters can be entered as well
44. e described in section 2 12 the control tab section in 2 13 Scenario tab In this tab the user should be able to select the major building blocks of a scenario ie the location the parent pesticide substance and the application scheme In case a project with FOCUS runs is opened the major building blocks will automatically be filled with the correct input data 20 Notice that you can only choose from existing building blocks It may be necessaty to add or create new locations etc before proceeding In this case you can use the button on the right of the pick list to go to a lower hierarchical level Simulation control tab This section contains general options the simulation run The time domain for the simulation is specified in the Start en Stop data fields Dates are input in the format dd mm yyyy 30 01 2002 The time domain is fixed if a FOCUS scenario has been selected Scenario Simulation Control Output Control Run Status Run option Calculation time steps Hydrology s 500 Sediment layer 5 500 Start Stop q Start date dd mm yyyy 010119820 Stop date dd mm yyyy 20041983 With the hydrology simulation control option op hyd in txw run option GUI you can determine whether hydrology is calculated by TOXSWA or not if you have already done the same run before and if hydrology as well the pesticide fate is calculated or just a hy
45. el output 0 1 yes 0 1 ntldsd number of loadings max of 500 chatldsd d time of loading use format dd mm yyyy hh These are dummy simulated values in case of FOCUS where TOXSWA is coupled to MACRO period or PRZM3 which calculate exact application data with the aid of the Pesticide Application Timer PAT module applot g a i ha Pesticide mass applied at plot 0 1 E6 mldsd g m Pesticide mass per square metre deposited onto the water 0 1000 0 stxldsd m Start of stretch of water body onto which spray drift is deposited 0 10 000 enxldsd m End of stretch of water body onto which spray drift is deposited 0 10 000 1 Iddr output from which drainage model 1 PEARL 2 1 2 switch for hourly daily input data O hourly 1 daily 0 1 stxlddr m Start of stretch of watercourse into which drainage enters 0 10 000 enxiddr m End of stretch of watercourse into which drainage enters 0 10 000 1 19 output from which runoff model 1 PEARL 2 PRZM 1 2 op ldrohd Switch for hourly or daily input data O hourly 1 daily 0 1 stxldro m Start of stretch of watercourse nto which runoff and eroded soil 0 10 000 enter enxldro m End of stretch of watercourse into which runoff and eroded soil 0 10 000 42 enter raindr ratio o
46. er from installation problems or problems in the use of TOXSWA send an e mail to j a teroller wisLnl Installation The installation of TOXSWA is step 3 of the complete installation of the SWASH software pacakage We can only garantuee a proper functioning of the entire package if you install all applications on the default directory The default directory for SWASH is C SWASH You may also choose another drive for example D ot In case you select anotherdrive than the TOXSWA application should also be installed on that drive and as subdirectory of the SWASH directory For example if you installed SWASH on D SWASH the TOXSWA application should be installed at TOXSWA D SWASH TOXSWA Installation of TOXSWA If necessary uninstall previous versions of the TOXSWA Copy the TOXSWA zip archive to your local machine Unzip TOXSWA zip Run the Setup exe program and follow on screen instructions TOXSWA can now be started from the Start menu 56 Hard and software requirements Operating systems TOXSWA has been tested Win2000 WinNT and WinXP TOXSWA likely to run on Win95 and Win 98 machines howevet this has not yet been tested Win2000 has been combined with MS Office Access97 and with MS office Access2000 without prior Access 97 installed WinNT has been tested with MS Office Access97 WinXp has been tested with MS Office AccessXP Remark On some versions of WinNT pr
47. f infiltrated water draining directly into water body dummy if 0 1 nsewbldro number of upper segments in sediment into which the pesticide 1 50 mass sorbed onto eroded will be evenly distributed dummy if no runofff erosion op_Idupbound switch for pesticide inflow across the upstream end of the 0 1 watercourse 1 yes dummy for pond rasuupbound ratio of upstream area where substance is applied and the total upstream area if op Idmupbound 0 this is a dummy Section 5 suname Substance name max of 20 positions mamol g mol Molecular mass M 10 10000 psat Pa Saturated vapour pressure P 1E 15 5000 tepsat K Temperature at which saturated vapour pressure was measured 273 373 mepsat J mol molar enthalpy of vaporisation 0 1000000 cosol g m Solubility in water 50 1 E 6 2000000 tesol K Temperature at which solubility was measured 273 373 mesol J mol molar enthalpy of dissolution 0 1000000 kdmpdit slope sorption isotherm based dry weight macrophytes 0 10000 K mp distribution coefficient kdomssdit slope sorption isotherm based organic matter content 0 10000 K_om ss distribution coefficient coobkomss kg m concentration pesticide at which the K om of the suspended solids 1 E 6 0 1 has been observed c e ss exfrss Freundlich exponent for sorption to suspended solids n ss 0 1 2 kdomwb1 slope sorption
48. face 2 3 1 Introductionary steps needed FOCUS runs ate organised in so called projects specific combinations of a substance and a crop So a project contains all runs that need to be done to obtain exposure concentrations in the relevant FOCUS Surface Water Scenarios Below a brief overview is given of the steps needed te be done with the aid of SWASH and the MACRO and PRZM shells before the TOXSWA model can be run TOXSWA need project information defined in SWASH and an m2t or p2t output file from MACRO or PRZM respectively before it can perform a FOCUS run Details are given in the SWASH User s Guide Van den Berg et al Sept 2002 and in the MACRO and PRZM manuals enclosed in their installation packages Alterra TOXSWA_User_Manual_1 2 doc 11 NR 11 12 13 14 15 Start SWASH Define the substance or select an already defined substance from the SWASH database Use the FOCUS wizard to define a project for the specified substance and crops you wish to consider Go to View Projects and Define Applications to fill in the relevant application pattern so by editting the given default application pattern if necessary and check all other run specifications Press the button Export FOCUS input to MACRO PRZM and TOXSWA with all options selected Print the project report which is located at C SWASHProjects V projectname Click on the MACRO button on the upper bar of the SWASH screen to start the MACRO shell and
49. files m2t made by MACRO and pat made by PRZM ate located at C SWASHProjects projectname MACRO Vcropname Of C SWASHProjects projectname PRZM cropname respectively Versions This document has been written for FOCUS TOXSWA version 1 1 1B which consists of the following parts TOXSWA model version 2 1 1 F1B shell version 2 1 database version 2 1 11 October 2002 FOCUS TOXSWA version 1118 is intimately linked with the FOCUS SWASH version 1 18 consisting of SWASH model shell version 1 9 database version 2 1 11 October 2002 Alterra TOXSWA_ User Manual 1 2 7 FOCUS TOXSWA version 1 11 reads the output files m2t from FOCUS MACRO or p2t from FOCUS PRZM SW which have been prepared with the aid of the SWASH and the FOCUS MACRO or FOCUS PRZM SW tool respectively The used versions of the two last mentioned tools are stated in SW ASH tab information button Versions FOCUS TOXSWA version 1 1 1 is loosely coupled to the IMAG Drift Calculator version 1 0 Holterman en Van der Zande 2002 The FOCUS Version Control Working Group is responsible of version control and distribution of all FOCUS tools Installation Official FOCUS TOXSWA versions can be downloaded from the website of the Joint Research Centre Ispra Italy www jtc it in the near future At present you can download the current version 1 118 from the following address ftp sc flex075 bib ibn wau nl Toxswa Notice that the installation of TOXSW
50. fluxes only by setting all pesticide fluxes in these files to 0 and couple it to TOXSWA Next run TOXSWA for the metabolite You now obtain an approximate metabolite exposure concentration in the sediment based a correct hydrology The approximations consist of formation of metabolites happens during a certain period of time while the maximum percentage has been added in one time to the sediment at the beginning of the simulation 3 same metabolite is formed in the soil metabolite study as well as in the watet sediment studies Combine the approaches described under 1 and 2 Edit the txw input file so that it reflects the situation you wish to evaluate Next run TOXSWA witout using the TOXSWA User Interface see below Running TOXSWA outside the User Interface The following steps have to be taken to run TOXSWA without using the User Interface 1 Go to C SWASHProjects projectname and identify the txw input file which you want to edit select a run with characteristics that match as closely as possible the run you want to perform 2 Edit the txw file do not forget to select the output files you wish to obtain Check that the two other needed input files are there with the correct names met at the same directory as txw and m2t or p2t at the location indicated in the txw file Copy a bat file onto the directory Edit the bat file in order to indicate the correct runid Double click on the bat f
51. he number of output files to be written or reducing the number of output segments When a model run is completed you will see in the Browse Runs table under the header Results in the TOXSWA screen change the value Not available to Available or to Error in case errors are encountered 1 if errors ate encountered you will see that the Reports and Graphs buttons are disabled 2 the nature of the error can be learned from the error file Press View and then error file in the status bar to display the error file on the screen 3 errors can be reviewed in the Run Status tab of the main form Alterra TOXSWA_ User Manual 1 2 doc 35 2 13 Creating graphs After a model run has been completed the output can be analyzed the graphical function of the TOXSWA user interface TOXSWA prepares with a number of predefined graphs predefined graphs provide easy access to the most commonly used model outputs such as the concentration of pesticides the water body water flux out of water body etc By pressing the Graphs button you can inspect the simulation results in charts You can view manipulate compare and print charts To select the chart you want tot see mark its checkbox The User Interface shows the selected chart after pressing the view button Eight different chart types can be selected 1 Water fluxes and mass fluxes from drainage and runoff The drainage or runoff flux
52. ide properties im the Environment Springer Verlag New York Tomlin C 1994 The Pesticide Manual 10 Edition Crop Protection Publications Royal Soc Chemistry Cambridge UK Holterman H J and J C Van de Zande draft 25 Sept 2002 IMAG Drift Calculator 27 0 User manual belonging to release 1 0 001 2002 09 24 IMAG Draft report Wageningen The Netherlands Horst 5 ter Adriaanse W H J Beltman and van den Berg Manual of FOCUS TOXSWA version 1 1 18 Draft 27 September 2002 Alterra rapport 586 Alterra Wageningen The Netherlands FOCUS 2002 FOCUS Surface Water Scenarios in the EU Evaluation Process under 91 414 EEC Report of the FOCUS Working Group on Surface Water Scenarios Document Reference SANCO 4802 2002 rev1 221 pp Esp sections 4 4 and 5 5 Van den Berg P I Adriaanse and J A te Roller Sept 2002 Surface WAter Scenarios Help SWASH version 1 9 User s guide version 1 2 Alterra rapport 507 Alterra Wageningen The Netherlands Roller J A te Van den Berg and P I Adriaanse Sept 2002 Surface WAter Scenarios SWASH version 1 9 Technical report version 1 2 Alterra rapport 508 Alterra Wageningen The Netherlands Alterra TOXSWA_ User Manual 1 2 doc 39 Appendix 1 Input files for TOXSWA The input of the TOXSWA program is organised in three input files The files are TOXSWA input file Meteorological data input file Input file for lateral pesticide
53. ile TOXSWA should now run e 2 4 General properties of the TOXSWA User Interface All forms of the TOXSWA User Interface have a similar set up which will be explained in this chapter The TOXSWA Locations form will be taken as an Alterra TOXSWA_ User Manual 1 2 doc 15 example As you can see the form consists of two parts 1 a browse box and 1 edit box The browse box Browse Locations Code Name Lastmod ied D3 Meteo station Vredepeel D4 Meteo station Skousbo D5 Meteo station La Jailliere DB Meteo station Thiva R1 Meteo station Weiherbach R2 Meteo station Porto R3 Meteo station Bologna R4 Meteo station Roujan The browse box allows you to scroll through the records of a table in this case substances You will notice that the information in the edit box changes when scrolling All browse boxes ate complemented with a navigator I s E ER Go to the first record in the table Go to the last record the table Add a new empty record Delete a new record Confirm changes post edit Cancel changes Copy a record Note that not all buttons of the navigator are necessary In case a button is not necessary it is removed like in the example of the browse box above Since at this moment version 1 1 18 only standard step 3 FOCUS runs can be executed with the TOXSWA User Interface some options of navigator are locked
54. in time 15 given in the top graph of the screen Figure 13 The graph below gives the mass flux of the pesticide by drainage water or runoff water transported into the water body as a function of time drainflow and mass flux for pesticide 10 x Water flux 5 1 a 0 01 02 1986 01 05 1986 01 08 1986 01 11 1986 01 02 1987 01 05 1987 Q Date 150 Ei g 100 a 50 Compare 0 2 01 04 1986 01 07 1986 01 10 1986 01 01 1987 01 04 1987 Date Show markers E Print Figure 13 Graph Incoming drainflow and mass flux for pesticide 36 2 Water flux out of water body and water level in water body The water flux out of waterbody s given as a function of time the top graph of the screen Figure 14 The graph below gives the waterlevel of the water body as a function of time Flow Water flux out of water body as function of time hourly Quot 0 01 02 1986 01 05 1986 01 08 1986 01 11 1986 01 02 1987 01 05 1987 Date Water level in water body as a function of hourly Water depth 01024986 01 05 1986 01 08 1986 012111886 01 02 1987 01 05 1987 al Date Figure 14 Graph Water flux out of the water body and tbe water level in the water body 3 Residence time of water in the water body This graph
55. ngs sum summary of main input and output The user can obtain the following output files upon request hyb detailed water balance output mfl echo of water and substance entries Tcl basic information on water flow in representative channel 62 backwater curves at selected times in representative channel cwa concentrations in the water layer 51 concentrations in a selected sediment subsystem mwa mass balance in the water layer mw1 mass balance in selected segment water layer msa mass balance in the sediment msi mass balance selected sediment subsystem dba distribution between compartments for entire water body db1 distribution between compartments at selected water segment P 5 mob monthly water and mass balances 52 Appendix 3 Read me First text file for installation of SWASH SWASH Read me first file date 11 Oct 2002 version 1 This readme file contains information for SWASH model shell version 1 9 SWASH TOXSWA database version 2 1 11 October 2002 If you suffer from installation problems or problems in the use of SWASH send an e mail to j a teroller wisLnl Installation The complete installation of the SWASH software pacakage includes five steps We can only garantuee a proper functioning of the entire package if you install all applications on the default directory The default directory for SWASH is C SWASH You may also choose another drive for example D o
56. oblems can occur with the ODBC drivers In that case try to run MDAC MDAC Microsoft Data Access Components is a tool from Microsoft and you can download it for free from the Microsoft internet site www microsoft com Access tights On WinNT Win2000 and WinXP machines it is necessary to have Administrator rights Preinstalled software Windows version 98 or higher MSAccess 97 or higher Hard disk memory TOXSWA requires 3 5 Mb for installation Display Monitor with at least 800x600 at 256 colors Processor The faster the better Remarks This installation package will also install a version of the IMAG driftcalculator in the program files directory on your computer The IMAG driftcalculator can be used from within the Toxswa Gui program Literature Alterra TOXSWA_ User Manual 1 2 doc 57 Roller J A te van den Berg P I Adriaanse 2002 SUrface WAter Scenarios Help SWASH version 1 9 Technical report version 1 2 Alterra rapport 508 Wageningen the Netherlands Berg van den P I Adriaanse J A te Roller 2002 Surface WAter Scenarios Help SWASH version 1 9 User s Guide version 1 2 Alterra rapport 507 Wageningen the Netherlands Known bugs 58 Appendix 5 The txw input file for TOXSWA with recommended segmentation of the sediment in case of compounds with a Koc higher than 10 000 L kg The values that have to be changed from the standard FOCUS segmentation are indi
57. of the FOCUS TOXSWA software tool an instrument designed to assess pesticide exposure concentrations in water and sediment of small surface waters for use the Dutch as well as EU registration procedure The present FOCUS TOXSWA tool 1s intimately linked with the FOCUS SWASH tool Van den Berg et al 2002 which is designed to assess pesticide exposure in the FOCUS Surface Water Scenarios FOCUS 2002 FOCUS SWASH 15 used for so called standard step 3 exposure calculations in which the FOCUS Drift Calculator the FOCUS MACRO tool for drainage entries the FOCUS PRZM SW tool for runoff erosion entries have been coupled to the FOCUS TOXSWA tool for fate in sutface watets The IMAG Drift Calculator Holterman en Van der Zande 2002 is incorporated in the FOCUS TOXSWA tool It calculates spray drift deposition on the Dutch ditch used in the Dutch registration procedure for standard as well as refined risk assessments Moreover it allows the calculation of spray drift deposition onto FOCUS like water bodies The present TOXSWA model is linked into a user friendly shell that prepares the input files for the model performs all runs of a specific project and presents the main output Appendix 1 and 2 give an overview of all needed input files for TOXSWA and all possible output files With the exception of the lateral entries input files all input and output files of TOXSWA are located C SWASHProjects projectname TOXSWA The lateral entries
58. of the representative channel 1 10000 from which drainage or runoff water flows into the representative channel average over channel length crestbodyrc m height of the weir crest above the channel bottomof the 0 1 5 0 representative channel wicrestrc m crest width of weir located at the outflow of the representative 0 1 10 0 channel kMan1m m 079 8 value of the Manning coefficient for bottom roughness at 1 m water 1 0 100 depth alphaen energy coefficient resulting from the nonuniform distribution of 1 1 1 5 flow velocities over a channel cross section Qbasewc base flow i e minimal inflow into watercourse occurring even 0 001 100 when there is no drainage or runoff water entering size of the area located upstream of watercourse from which 0 10000 drainage or runoff water will flow across the upstream end of the watercourse leplot m contributing margin of treated plot up to this width drainage or 10 100000 runoff water and pesticide mass flow into the watercourse leerwc m contributing margin of treated plot for erosion fluxes up to this 10 100000 width eroded soil including pesticide sorbed onto the soil will flow into the watercourse dummy value in case of no runoff erosion Section 4 op ldsd Switch for spray drift user specified 1 yes 0 1 op lddr Switch for drainage model output 0 1 0 1 op ldro Switch runoff mod
59. pecify the name of the MACRO PEARL PRZM file Furthermore the length of the watercourse along which drift deposition and drainage runoff takes place needs to be specified as well as the ratio of upstream catchment that is treated with the pesticide In case of runoff values for the ratio of infiltrated water draining directly into the waterbody and the thickness of the sediment layer to which pesticide mass sorbed to eroded soil is added need to be entered in the edit boxes Alterra TOXSWA_ User Manual 1 2 doc 31 Toxswa Application scheme Application schemes 330 perpe gen 420 AppScheme 00004 Copy 421 5 _00004 _ 1 510 AppScheme_00005d_pa 5 application scheme 210 cheme 000024 Spray drift E dit iew Start position for spraydrif and drainage or runoff m Drainage or runoff Drainage MACRO End position for spraydrift and drainage or runoff Fils macra00002_p m2 Ratio of upstream catchment treated 0 1 Ratio infiltration m soil 0 1 01 Fluxes Hourly fluxes Thickness sediment layer ta which mass sorbed to eroded soil is added 0 Daily fluxes Figure 10 The application schemes form Also no lateral input route is an option In this case spray drift will be the only input route in the surface water bo
60. r F In case you select another drive than C the other applications should also be installed on that drive and as subdirectories of the SWASH directory For example if you installed SWASH on D SWASH the other applications should be installed at TOXSWA D SWASH TOXSWA MACRO D SWASH MACRO PRZM D SWASH PRZM Step 1 Regional settings for MACRO Check the regional settings on your pc they should be set to a default national setting without making any changes i e do not select Swedish and then change the number format from the default decimal comma to the decimal point Select My computer Control panel Regional options Numbers to check Step 2 Installation of SWASH If necessary uninstall previous versions of the SWASH Copy the SWASH zip archive to your local machine Unzip SWASH zip Run the Setup exe program and follow on screen instructions SWASH can now be started from the Start menu Step 3 Installation of TOXSWA If necessary uninstall previous versions of the TOXSWA Alterra TOXSWA_User_Manual_1 2 doc 53 Copy the TOXSWA zip archive to your local machine Unzip TOXSWA zip Run the Setup exe program and follow on screen instructions TOXSWA can now be started from the Start menu Step 4 Installation of MACRO See tead me MACRO txt Step 5 Installation of PRZM See me PRZM txt Hard and software requirements Operating systems SW ASH has been tested on Win2000 WinN
61. suggested by the FOCUS Surface Water Scenarios Working Group FOCUS 2002 select one or more model runs for execution e actually perform one or several model runs display a summary report containing annual water and mass balances the maximum concentration in surface water and sediment of the water body and the output as agreed in the FOCUS Surface Water Scenarios Working Group FOCUS 2002 e display model results graphically import graphs in Word processor files using Bitmap format 2 2 Getting Started After installing SWASH the TOXSWA Software package can be installed Pressing the TOXSWA button in SWASH or double click TOXSWA GULexe in C SWASH toxswa can start the TOXSWA User Interface In case you copied the short cut of the TOXSWA User Interface to the desktop of your PC during the installation of the TOXSWA User Interface pressing the short cut on the desktop is a third way of getting TOXSWA started Please note that it is not possible to have both software shells SWASH and TOXSWA running at the same time on your pc because they both use the same database 2 3 Generating FOCUS runs TOXSWA supports scenario calculations set up by the FOrum for international Coordination of pesticide fate models and their USe FOCUS Generating FOCUS projects and runs can only be done in SWASH Van den Berg e al 2002 At this moment version 1 1 18 only standard step 3 FOCUS runs can be executed with the TOXSWA User Inter
62. t others 1 An overview of the applications and pesticide entries via the two entry routes sptay drift and drainage or runoff erosion 2 The Global Maximum Concentration in surface water and sediment 3 TWAEC Time Weighted Average Exposure Concentrations in surface water and sediment over periods of 1 4 and 28 days Press the Graphs button to view predefined graphs of 1 Water fluxes and mass fluxes from drainage ot runoff 2 Water flux out of the water body and the water level in the water body 3 Concentration of pesticide in water and sediment as a function of time 4 Concentration of pesticide in water and sediment as a function of distance depth respectively The remaining type of graphs are not yet finalized 2 3 5 Special cases Compounds with Koc higher than 10 000 L kg Alterra TOXSWA_ User Manual 1 2 doc 13 The current TOXSWA User Interface makes use of standard FOCUS segmentation with 14 segments the sediment section 2 of the Txw input file of appendix 1 For compounds with a Koc of less than 10 000 L kg this leads to a stable and converging numerical solution of the mass conservation equations so to correct exposure concentrations in water and sediment For compounds with a Koc higher than 10 000 L kg e g pyrethroids the solution does not converge for the sediment nor for water layer i e the calculated concentration in the sediment and in the water layer depend on the size of the segments in
63. tems for which output is wanted iwbsy segment number in water layer at or under which output is wanted 1 50 ktop number of upper segments forming the top layer for which the 1 50 PEC sediment will be calculated ntcurve number of selected times for additional output on calculations in 1 10 representative channel a o profile of backwater curve tcurvedate selected times for additional output tcurvedate lt date and hour in simulated use format dd mmm yyyy hh period op hyb detailed water balance water layer 0 no 1 yes op rc1 basic data characteristics representative channel only for ditch or 0 no 1 yes stream op rc2 additional data characteristics representative channel only for 0 no 1 yes ditch or stream cwa concentrations water layer 0 no 1 yes 40 _ 51 concentrations sediment sub system 0 1 yes mass balance water layer 0 1 yes op mw1 mass balance segment water layer 0 no 1 yes op msa mass balance all sediment sub systems 0 lt no 1 yes op ms1 mass balance sediment sub system 0 no 1 yes op dba distribution substance in total waterbody 0 lt no 1 yes op db1 distribution substance segment nr water layer 0 no 1 yes op mob monthly water
64. ut e g if you wish to be able to view the predefined graphs after running TOXSWA 12 You may want to check that m2t or p2t files are ready at the correct directories to do so select a run and press the button View Input file on the status You can now read the path and name of the m2t or p2t input file behind the variable named rodr at the 6 line under Section 1 Run characteristics of the txw nput file for TOXSWA Check with the aid of the Explorer if the m2t or p2t input file is available at the specified location Now press the Calculate button to actually run the model 1 selected runs will be carried out 2 The TOXSWA User Interface will write the input files and call the simulation kernel 3 You can follow the course of the simulation When run is completed you will see in the Browse Runs table under the header Results in the TOXSWA project screen the change Not available to Available or to Error in case errors are encountered 1 If errors are encountered you will see that the Reports and Graphs buttons are disabled 2 The nature of the error can be learned from the error file Press View and then Error file in the status bar to display the error file on the screen 3 Or errors can be reviewed in the Run Status tab of the main form 2 3 4 Viewing the Results Press the Reports button to view the FOCUS report This report contains amongs

Some equations and the computerprogram Helena for the

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