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1. Text color and change the color from white to black The Heads Colormap legend should appear similar to that shown in the following figure F YMOD 3D Explorer D Tutorial Airport4 File Edit view Options Settings Help eo J t zi k Jo Exaggeration factor jo IModel tree Heads oix Ons Stay on top IV Airport aamen n Default Settings YMOD Project Airport4 Axis Site maps Input Output Heads Dry Cells Water table Water table contour maj Color map 1 Drawdowns Concentrations Pathlines ay 1000 Be SS Bes Oo o Setting Value Name Heads Palette Auto reset palette L EColor legend ___ Visible Vv __ Title Heads Sets the color of the frame surrounding the legend Fa C Rotate model around the screen axes x up down Y left right Z rock side to side IV Live Update Apply Section 27 Printing to a Graphics File At this point it may be desirable to generate a hardcopy print of the 3D model image to include in a report File Print from the top menu bar A high resolution bitmap image will be created for the on screen image and displayed in an Image editor window as shown below 84 Elimage editor E k 101 x File Edit View Help Banu
2. Concentration mg L 100 101 10 1 0 2000 4000 6000 Time days Time days n a Concentration mq L n a The comparison of the observed vs calculated concentrations should now be easier to make for the lower concentrations observed at OW2 and OW3 This graph can be printed or Saved exported to a BMP WME and EMF format files 69 Module V The Visual MODFLOW 3D Explorer The Visual MODFLOW 3D Explorer is an advanced 3D visualization system for displaying and animating Visual MODFLOW models The Visual MODFLOW 3D Explorer uses state of the art 3D graphics technology to display your model data and simulation results using a complete selection of graphical formats including e 2D and 3D views of the model grid e Colored shapes for each grid cell e Bitmap overlays on surfaces e Enhanced contour label positioning and controls e 3D volumetric shapes for representing model property zones boundary conditions and contamination plumes e Output times are synchronized to animate the combined transient flow and transport results e 3D cutaway views e Multiple horizontal slices vertical slices and irregular cross sections for plotting contour line maps and color maps of modeling results and model properties heads concentrations water table conductivity values etc e Concentration plumes are automatically clipped above the water table surface e Line elements for representing groundwater flow pathlines e Light
3. Previous Next Direction Magnitude eee Ge 8 t Sift Cow wT Ue UY oF e Oe Se Re a aR RS a A S o Se Se ee CG Sy TEN ie ah ae ea ee a a ag SA er A 8 A ee Ae OB Sg 8 ae aed Vs SWS es xX 456 7 Y 1974 6 2 17 9 y Row D 1 500 s00 2000 Column J 10 Layer K 1 Output Time 1 00000 day Stress period 1 Time step 1 ie HOr ie ene ee fe By default the color scheme for the velocity vectors is red is outward i e up when viewing by layer blue is inward i e down when viewing by layer and green is parallel to the plane 1 e horizontal when viewing by layer 59 60 The velocity vectors can also be displayed as directional arrows independent of velocity magnitude Direction from the left toolbar All of the arrows will then be plotted as the same size and simply act as flow direction arrows Options from the left menu Now increase the number of vectors displayed Vectors 40 this specifies the number of velocity vectors along a single row e M Autoscale automatically adjusts the size of the velocity vectors amp Variable Scale prevents overlapping of velocity vectors 7 OK to accept the new velocity vector settings To see the site in cross section select the View Column button from the left tool bar and then move the mouse into the model domain and click once to select any column Projection from the left toolbar To show the di
4. Output in the Model Tree This will expand the Output branch and you will see a listing of the available Output data categories S Concentrations This will again expand the tree to include a listing of the available concentration species The Airport4 model only simulated a single contaminant species with no degradation reactions so there will only be a single entry JP 4 under the Concentrations branch of the Output tree Se ee Se An lsosurfaces properties dialog box will appear as shown below JP 4 to highlight it Si Output am Heads Right Click on JP 4 to see a popup list of display es S elements see below e N ha Psthlir ee em Create isosurface a wae Create contour map Create color Field Flisosurface properties Surface name sosurface 0 5 mg L Minium value 0 Maxinurn value i 646 59 lsosurface value 0 5 lsosurface color I Show borders f Color from palette I Colormap on cut away Cancel This dialog window allows you to specify the concentration value and the visual attributes for the isosurface Enter the following information Isosurface name lsosurface 0 5 mg L Isosurface value 0 5 ee ee Ee ee Se M Show borders M Colormap on cut away M Color from palette CL Remove in cut away OK Your screen should now display an isosurface for a JP 4 concentration equal to 0 5 mg L at the first output time step of 730 days see figure below
5. isual MODFLOW D Tutorial Airport ymf ar001 File Grid Wells Properties Boundaries Particles ZBud Tools 5 x Help Sscececeee EtarRaeeee SEREOOEEES Pe an PT a Ra eT PE Me oe T T a DERRCRCCTRENII 18 Ee o e e n CORRRRANINE CEECCCIOCCCOCCCCCNIN 0 300 600 300 1200 coumt a FL F2 ffs fro Eol Eol Fo uel FS a Febsavel rap Eel E ol 2 an aH Se ae River edit module 41 Section 6 Particle Tracking Particle tracking 1s used to determine the preferred flow pathways for a groundwater particle starting from a known location In this section you will be guided through the steps necessary to assign forward tracking particles to determine the preferred contaminant exposure pathways Particles from the top menu bar You will be asked to save the Boundary data se Yes The Particle input screen will appear with the various options for assigning particles displayed along the left hand toolbar For this model you will assign a line of particles in the vicinity of the Refueling Area to determine where the contamination from this location will travel once it is in the groundwater The first step is to once again zoom in on the Refuelling Area _ F5 Zoom In from the bottom toolbar Click the left mouse button near the top left corner of the Refuelling Area then drag a window over the area and click on the left mouse button again to close the zoom window Add gt Add Line to ad
6. e Click in the Time value field and enter 3650 The screen will now display the results of the 0 5 mg L concentration isosurface at 3650 days and should appear similar to the figure shown below E1 YMOD 3D Explorer D Tutorial Airport4 E Ioj xj File Edit view Options Settings Help iw amp Le a ag io Exaggeration factor fo J 0 x Stay on top Iv QOeHEEe amp Default Settings B YMOD Project Airport4 Asis Site maps Input Output Heads Drawdowns H Concentrations EG JP 4 lsosurface 0 5 mg L Pathlines fe Ajirport4 Be SS BBs gt o Setting Db Name JP 4 Palette Auto reset palette LI EColor legend Visible M Title JP 4 Text size 0 012 Text color E G Frame Iv Frame line color E Frame fill color E F amp Navigation tools l a x Rotate Shift Light Position Time Time day IV Synchronize time steps Options 3650 af C gt Change the model time for Synchronous mode and switch between Sync Asyne modes zi JV Live Update Apply 75 The Slider button can be easily used to view the isosurface for any of the available output times Section 23 Visualizing Model Input Data 76 The Visual MODFLOW 3D Explorer also allows you to display the model input data in 3D perspective s
7. Lae rie fo tet AIPCE EEE EEC SP See ee MIE eS TERRE REE Lee ERR RRR RRR SES SSRs E eh Aee 621 6 BES aa Y 1995 8 2 15 0 Row I 1 Column J 13 Layer K 1 Grid edit module This is the Visual MODFLOW Input module The top menu bar of the Input module is divided into the primary building blocks for any groundwater flow and contaminant transport model e Grid for designing the finite difference model grid e Wells for assigning pumping wells injection wells and monitoring wells e Properties for assigning property values to each model grid cell e Boundaries for assigning model boundary conditions e Particles for assigning particle tracking locations Each of these menu items provides access to an associated Input screen for assigning the various model parameters The top six buttons on the left hand toolbar appear on every Visual MODFLOW screen e View Column e View Row e View Layer e Goto e Previous e Next These buttons allow you to change the model display from plan view to cross section at any time The remaining buttons on left hand toolbar are the graphical tools associated with the selected Input screen The Navigator Cube on the lower left hand side of the screen shows the location of the current row layer and column in the model and the X Y Z and I J K location of the mouse pointer By default Visual MODFLOW loads the Grid screen when you first enter t
8. 73 74 Elvymop 3D Explorer D Tutorial Airport4 e 10 x File Edit view Options Settings Help 2 8 W JE FES ag EE amp ds Exaggeration factor ko Friodel tree lox WK Stay on top V HEA amp Default Settings YMOD Project Airport4 Axis Site maps Input Output ca Heads Drawdowns Concentrations A 6 JP 4 lsosurface 0 5 mg L Pathlines Airport Setting Value a Name lsosurface 0 5 Visible Iv Color Semitransparent LI gt Ellsosurface properties lsosurface value 0 5 Min value 0 0 Max value 1648 5902 Color from palette Iv Clip in cut away L Colormap on cut av Iv Show borders M Sets the attributes of the isosurface Rotate shit Light Position Time Ja al xT pall YJ i ee IV Live Update Apply Z oJ im os Options Rotate model around the screen axes x up down Y left right Z rock side to side Notice that a color map of the concentration values is displayed where the isosurface meets the water table 3D Explorer has a built in logic that removes concentration isosurfaces above the water table The color legend for the Concentration Color Map is displayed in the top left corner of the display area but it is difficult to see it because the default text color for the Color
9. File Maps Graphs Tools Help hi is Al if iff a RPOR eer iad lt gt Column J Layer K 1 MT3D RT3D Overlay C O JP 4 Time 730 00000 day Stress period 1 Time step 1 To see the Concentration Color Map and Contour Map for other Output times e Time from the left toolbar A Select Output Time dialog box will appear with a list of the available Output times e 1460 OK A plot of concentration contours will appear displaying the results from an Output time of 1460 days You can advance the next time step by simply pressing the Next button beside the Time button in the left hand toolbar By 3650 and 7300 days the concentrations in the first layer of the model should look similar to the following figures 65 isual MODFLOW D Tutorial Airport4 ymf ar001 10 x Fie Maps Graphs Tools Help view Row ii taAa Kip 4 Mine Select x 520 1 2000 0 Z 17 9 Row I 1 600 S00 1800 2000 Column 7 11 Layer K 1 view Row f it g Select t 8 50 es AIRPOR f we 600 300 1200 500 Column J FE z F Vert F9 Layer K 1 in A e H Pan i erag Flay MT3D RT3D Overlay C O JP 4 Time 7300 00000 day Stress period 1 Time step 1 Row I After 7300 days 20 years of simulation time it is clear that the plume has migrated to the hole in the aquitar
10. Flcross section Heads D Tutorial Airport4 HDs eo ioj x File wiew Options Legends Tools Help MMO aay Concentration Wells 1993 27 820 203 356 902 20 202 Column 61 Row 69 Layer 1 kimni omj nia Layer Mo 1 15 63341 im Once you have defined the cross section line similar to the figure shown above File Close from the top toolbar The cross section Cross section no 1 you just defined now appears in the Select create slices window Next you will create a horizontal slice through the model domain Horizontal This will display the Horizontal slice properties dialog as shown below Horizontal slice properties E Ei Slice type Z value 0 0 index f Proportional to grid slices 4 33 Fixed on grid slices Z index Horizontal useable for cut away The slider button can be used to move the horizontal slice to any vertical location in the model domain Close to accept the default values This Horizontal Slice Horizontal slice no 1 will also now appear in the List of slices You can define as many different cross sections horizontal and vertical slices as you like throughout the model domain These slices can be used to define cut away regions or to plot Color Maps and Contour Maps of selected model properties and simulation results e g Conductivity values heads concentrations For this example you will only define these two surfaces Select to close t
11. Move the mouse anywhere in the grid Notice that a highlighted vertical line follows the location of the mouse throughout the model grid This line may be used to add a column at any location within the model domain In this exercise you will refine the model grid in the refueling area and near the water supply wells Right Click the mouse pointer anywhere on the model grid and the Add Vertical Line window will appear as shown below Add Yertical Line Add single grid line at 2566 666667 m Evenly spaced grid lines from s00 000000 m to 1600 000000 m at intervals of m OF Cancel Help lt Evenly spaced gridlines from from 500 to 1600 at intervals of 25 OK to accept these values Close to exit the Columns dialog box Next you will refine the grid in the Y direction from the refuelling area to the supply wells lt Edit Grid gt Edit Rows Right Click the mouse pointer anywhere on the model grid The Add Horizontal Line dialog box will prompt you for grid information Evenly spaced gridlines from Click inside the adjacent text box and enter the following values from 400 to 1900 at intervals of 25 7 OK to accept these values Close to exit the Rows dialog box The refined grid should appear as shown in the following figure isual MODFLOW D Tutorial Airport ymf 2 x oj x File Grid Wells Properties cade Particles ZBud Tools Help
12. Overlay List Filter Jal Available Overlays D List only the visible overlays Grid Gridlines e BCIF Stream Object s z Map Airport Sitemap Obs Concentrations Obs Head Gen Annotation Cl Contour Labels Cil Layer Top Eley CIl Layer Thickness Cil Layer Bottom Elev BC F Wells BC T Inactive Transport BCIF Inactive Flow BC F wall PT Particles BC T Point Source BC T Evapotranspiration Cone BC T Recharge Conc BCIF Stream Cells BCIF Drain BC ms i Sort Alphabetically a A 3 Delete Apply OF Cancel WITT OOOO Click the checkbox beside C I Layer Thickness OK to display a contour map of the layer thickness Next zoom in on the area where the contours converge towards a minimum thickness of 0 5 meters Note If you are having difficulty viewing the contours because of the background color follow these steps F9 Overlay C I Layer Thickness eS button A C Layer Thickness options window will appear where you will be able to alter the contour display settings from the drop down list provided lt F5 Zoom In Move the mouse to the upper left of the discontinuous aquitard zone and click the left mouse button Then stretch a box over the area and click again A zoomed image of the discontinuous aquitard zone should appear on the screen Assign gt Single to assign a property to an individual cell A Conductivity Assi
13. Rate m3 d 400 m43 day 7 OK to accept this well information An end time of 7300 days was used because this simulation will be run for twenty years However since this will be a steady state flow simulation you can use any time value you like and the results for the flow simulation will not change If you have failed to enter any required data Visual MODFLOW will prompt you to complete the table at this time The next step is to assign the well parameters for the second pumping well by using a shortcut This will allow you to copy the characteristics from one well to another location Copy Well from the left toolbar Move the pointer on top of the western well and click on it Then move the cursor to the location of the eastern well and click again to copy the well Next you will edit the well information from the new copied well Edit Well from the left toolbar and select the new pumping well An Edit Well dialog box will appear Change the Well Name to Supply Well 2 and change the pumping Rate to 550 m 3 day X 1463 Y 509 OK to accept these changes 1 F6 Zoom Out Section 4 Assigning Flow Properties 28 This section will guide you through the steps necessary to design a model with layers of highly contrasting hydraulic conductivities e Properties Conductivity on the top menu bar Yes to save your data You will now be transferred to the Conductivity input screen where you will modi
14. drawn in a light blue color The following instructions describe how to assign a River boundary condition in the top layer of the model e Boundaries River from the top menu bar to enter the River input screen Assign gt Line from the left toolbar Beginning on the south west side of the grid and using the sitemap as a guide digitize a line of grid cells along the river by clicking along its path with the left mouse button When you have reached the south east boundary Right Click the mouse button at the end point of the line The grid cells along the Waterloo River will be highlighted in pink and River Assign Line dialog box as shown below will prompt you for information about the river Traditionally the River boundary condition has required a value for the Conductance of the riverbed However the Conductance value for each grid cell depends on the length and width of the river as it passed through each grid cell Therefore in a model such as this with different sizes of grid cells the Conductance value will change depending on the size of the grid cell In order to accommodate this type of scenario Visual MODFLOW allows you to enter the actual physical dimensions of the river at the Start point and End point of the line and then calculates the appropriate Conductance value for each grid cell according to the formula COND RCHLEN WIDTH K THICK Where COND Conductance RCHLENG Reach length of the river
15. lt rack side to side Your screen should now appear similar to the figure shown below Elvymon 3D Explorer D Tutorial Airport4 E Ioj x Fie Edit view Options Settings Help a 2 FES ag p Exaggeration factor poo Friodel tree Dei 2101 x Stay on top V DEAE amp Default Settings Y MOD Project Airport4 Axis Site maps Input Domain Grid Wells Pumping wells Head Observations Conc Observations Properties Boundaries Flow boundaries Output Heads Drawdowns Concentrations JP 4 Pathlines Airport4 UL 1 ip F Setting Load config on open Background color ETitle Text color Text size Time Label El xis Text color Text size v FiNavigation tools E x Sets the color of the text Rotate Shift Light Position Time x Ll a xP ple yH ayr ae V Live Update Apply Z gt zj _Options Rotate model around the screen axes xX up down Y left right Z rock side to side 12 Section 22 Creating a 3D Contaminant Plume Next you will create an 3D volumetric representation of the contaminant plume located beneath the Refueling Area by creating an isosurface for a selected concentration value
16. on this location to anchor the starting point of the line Now move the mouse pointer to the north east corner of the grid top right grid cell and Right Click on this location to indicate the end point of the line A horizontal line of cells will be highlighted and a Constant Head Assign Line dialog box will appear as shown in the following figure Enter the following values Description CH Upper Aquifer North Stop Time day 7300 Start Time Head m 19 Stop Time Head m 19 Constant Head Assign Line o l File Help Description CH UpperAquiter Noth ff Assign to appropriate layer Linear gradient Edit selected rows or colam B Start Time day Stop Time day Salpeter Head Stop pus Head e OF Cancel 7 OK to accept these values The pink line of grid cells will now turn to a dark red color indicating that a Constant Head boundary condition has been assigned to these cells Next you will copy the Constant Head values in Layer 1 down to the same cells in Layer 2 Copy gt Layer from the left toolbar The Copy Layer dialog box will appear as shown below This dialog allows you to copy selected Constant Head boundary condition grid cells from the current layer to one or more layers in the model M CH Upper Aquifer North in the Description column s M Layer 2 Select boundary group s to cop Copy all selected groups p eee n CE CH
17. to accept the remaining default settings This will import a variable surface generally sloping from 20 meters at the northern boundary to 17 meters at the southern boundary Visual MODFLOW reads the x y z data from the file and uses an inverse distance squared interpolation routine to assign block center elevations for the top of each cell in Layer 1 using the five nearest sample data points Next you will import the surface elevations for the bottom of Layer 1 Import Elevation Choose Filename es Airpt_b1 asc to select the elevation data for the bottom of Layer 1 lt Import bottom elevation of Layer 1 the value in box by default is 1 Minimum Layer Thickness 0 75 7 OK to select the remaining default parameter values After a few seconds the bottom of Layer 1 will appear with a variable surface elevation Next you will import the surface elevations for the bottom of Layer 2 Import Elevation e Choose Filename to select the input data file to import eS Airpt_b2 asc to select the elevation data for the bottom of Layer 2 Import bottom elevation of Layer Layer 2 Minimum Layer Thickness 1 0 OK to select the remaining default settings The bottom of layer 2 will then appear with a variable layer surface Next you will import the surface elevations for the bottom of layer 3 Import Elevation from the left toolbar Choose Filename eS airpt_b3 asc to select the elevation data for the bottom of La
18. C Change the model time for Synchronous mode and switch between Sync Asyne modes Sets the current component to partially see through JV Live Update Apply Section 24 Defining Surfaces Cross Sections and Slices 3D Explorer allows you to plot Color Maps and Contour Maps of selected model parameters on any horizontal vertical or cross section surface through the model domain However first you must define the locations and orientation of the planar surfaces The following section describes the process of creating a cross section and a horizontal slice through the model domain Options Define slices from the top menu bar The Select create slices dialog box will appear as shown in the figure below This dialog box contains a list of all the horizontal vertical and or cross section slices defined within the model domain Currently the list is blank because you have not yet defined any slices F Iselect create slices List of slices d Vertical Horizontal Cross section Edi tess ies select Cancel Help First you will create a cross section through the model Cross section button TI 78 This will open the Cross section window as shown below Fl cross section Heads Dz Tutorial Airport4 HDs Ioj x File View Options Legends Tools Help HlIPBMOB eaaiy i L_ _Soncentration Wells 2000 1000 GT O 6 90 DT Column 12 Ao
19. Input in the Model Tree Panel This will expand the Input branch to display the available input data categories which can be displayed using 3D Explorer Now you will display the different Conductivity zones in the model e Properties in the Model Tree Se Input H E Domain F syi B Grid Conductivity Be wek i oe gem e M Visible in the Display Settings Ay Conductivity 2 o Storage g Your screen should now appear similar to the figure below Pea H A Initial concentration O E B Species parameters ef Boundaries ioj x view Options Settings Help z a L a ag EE Ja Exaggeration factor jso Do Free Conductmie pi TETE ray Stay on top V Jm E a l ault Settings OD Project Airport4 Axis Site maps Input Domain A Grid wells amp Properties amp D Explorer D Tutorial Airport4 pa Be SS Bes x So o Storage Long dispersivity Initial concentration Species parameters Boundaries Drawdowns Concentrations 8 6 JP 4 lsosurface 0 5 mg L m Pathlinas Bd Rotate Shift Light Position Time Time day JV Synchronize time steps __ Options 3066 6 4 gt Change the model time for Synchronous mode and switch between Sync Async modes inductivity attributes date Apply Notice that the concentration isosurface 1s now hidden by the hydr
20. J L D Tutorial Airport ymf E z oj xj Step 3 Creating the Model Grid W Import a site map DAT utora Sitemap dxf Model Domai Columnali jao Rowgfi jso min fo m min jo rm 2 mE Im mas 1000 Layers k 3 emir ja rm Zma 18 m Setup Transport Model m lt Back Finish Cancel The above window is used to Import a site map specify the dimensions of the Model Domain and define the number of rows columns and layers for the finite difference grid Specify the following number of rows columns and layers to be used in the model Enter the following into the Model Domain section Number of Columns j 40 Number of Rows i 40 Number of Layers k Zmin Zmax O OW lt M Import a site map Next you must specify the location and the file name of the DXF background map Browse Navigate to the Tutorial directory and select the following file Sitemap dxf Open Finish to accept these settings A Select Model Region window will appear prompting you to define the extents of the model area Visual MODFLOW will read the minimum and maximum co ordinates from the site map Sitemap dxf and suggest a default location that is centred in the model domain Visual MODFLOW now allows you to rotate and align the model grid over the site map use local co ordinates and set the extents of the DXF map If a bitmap was used as background map the image can be geo referenced and the grid
21. Legend is white Customizing the Color Legend To change the text color for the Color Legend JP 4 in the Model Tree to highlight it e Color legend in the Display Settings panel Text color in the Display Settings Panel and change it to black The Concentration values on the Color Legend should now be visible but the default color scale should also be modified to improve the appearance of the Color Legend To customize the values associated with each color JP 4 in the Model Tree to highlight it Palette A Palette window will appear as shown in the following figure F lpalette x 0 5 Value 1648 59 lO so es Oe A Reset Change color By default the color palette for each data type is set to a seven color rainbow with equal value intervals between each color This palette may be customized to any number of colors and any value associated with each color Enter the color values shown in the above figure OK to accept the new color palette Selecting Output Times To examine the same isosurface value for a time of 3650 days JP 4 in the Model Tree to highlight it In the Navigation Tool Panel click on the Time tab The available output times for the JP 4 concentrations can be displayed by using the sliber button These output times correspond to the output times specified in the Visual MODFLOW model To select a different output time
22. Next and Previous buttons on the left hand toolbar to advance through the column cross sections of the model Next select the View Row toolbar button Select a row from the cross section by moving the cursor into the model domain and clicking on one of the highlighted vertical columns Use the Next and Previous buttons on the left hand toolbar to advance through the column cross sections of the model Next you will return to the layer view of the model domain View Layer from the left toolbar Then highlight the top layer of the model and click with the left mouse button This should create a layer view display of the airport site Section 3 Adding Pumping Wells The purpose of this section will be to guide you through the steps necessary to assign pumping wells to the model Wells from the top menu bar 1 Pumping Wells from the drop down menu You will be asked to save your data Yes to continue Once your model has been saved you will be transferred to the Well input screen Notice that the left hand toolbar buttons are now well specific options for importing adding deleting moving and copying pumping wells Before you begin adding the pumping wells for this model zoom in on the area surrounding the water supply wells in the lower right hand section of the model domain lt F5 Zoom In Move the cursor to the upper left of the supply wells and click on the left mouse button Then stretch a zoom
23. Upper Aquifer Morth Select target layer s Select all highlighted Fr Copy from Layer 7 to PE Layer 6 OK to copy the selected Constant Head group from Layer 1 to Layer 2 37 38 Next you will assign a Constant Head boundary condition along the northern boundary for the lower confined aquifer amp Goto on the left toolbar The Go To Layer dialog box will appear In the Layer you wish to go to field the number 1 will be highlighted as the default setting Type 5 OK to advance to layer 5 Check the Navigation Cube to check that you are viewing Layer 5 The current layer number should be displayed next the field labelled Layer K Now assign the Constant Head boundary condition to the line of grid cells along the northern boundary of Layer 5 Assign gt Line Move the mouse pointer to the north west corner of the grid top left grid cell and click on this location to anchor the starting point of the line Now move the mouse pointer to the north east corner of the grid top right grid cell and Right Click on this location to indicate the end point of the line A horizontal line of cells will be highlighted and Constant Head Assign Line dialog box will appear Enter the following values Description CH Lower Aquifer North Stop Time day 7300 Start Time Head m 18 Stop Time Head m 18 OK to accept these values The pink line of grid cells will now
24. Value 1E 4 lean Up Advanced gt gt OF Cancel OK to accept these values The Layer Thickness contours are still visible To remove these contours F9 Overlay from the bottom menu bar e Unselect C I Layer Thickness OK The Layer Thickness contour lines will be removed from the layer view 34 This concludes the section of the tutorial explaining how to assign constant value property zones If you have pumping test data and slug test data from several locations within the model domain you may wish to import and interpolate this data to create a spatially variable distribution of model property values Although this feature is not explained in this document Visual MODFLOW is able to import and interpolate model properties from external data files using Natural Neighbor Kriging and Inverse Distance methods For this example you have modified the Conductivity and Storage values for the model Visual MODFLOW also provides the same types of graphical tools for editing the Initial Heads estimates for the flow model and the model properties associated with contaminant transport processes Section 5 Assigning Flow Boundary Conditions The following section of the tutorial describes some of the steps required to assign the various model boundary conditions Assigning Aquifer Recharge to the Model In most situations aquifers are recharged by infiltrating surface water Therefore in order to assign rechar
25. of MODFLOW SURFACT is provided in Appendix C on page 425 Improved Model Calibration Graphs Visual MODFLOW v 3 1 includes many new features for evaluating and interpreting the model calibration e The data points in the Calibration Scatter Graph can now be linked to the map view in the main Visual MODFLOW window By clicking on a data point in the graph an info bubble will appear with the well name X and Y coordinates and the calculated and observed values In addition the observation well associated with the selected data point s will also be highlighted in the map view in the main Visual MODFLOW window This new feature makes it very easy to quickly identify the location of the wells associated with poorly calibration data e The data point symbols in the Calibration Scatter Graph are now displayed according the model layer where the observation points are located i e different symbol shapes and colors for different model layers allowing you to easily identify the vertical location of the observation point e The calculated model results for each grid cell center are now interpolated to the well location to provide a more accurate comparison between the calculated and observed data at the observation well e A Calibration Statistics Reports can be generated for printing or pasting into a report document e The Calibration Statistics Report now includes the Correlation Coefficient e Preferences settings allow you to set the number o
26. resolution Speed For this exercise the default setting of Highest Slowest is fine 7 OK to accept these settings The contour map of the equipotential heads should appear as follows isual MODFLOW D Tutorial Airport4 ymf ar001 File Maps Graphs Tools Help Head EOnHans Previous Time cr Nex Select Export Layer gt zee Row I 1 Column 3 0 500 mit FS Ea A1 Vert Quer g Layer kK 1 mad Pan i erag Lay ie Output Time 1 00000 day Stress period 1 Time step 1 All Output contour display screens have additional contour display options available by Right Clicking on the model domain This will bring up a shortcut menu with options to add delete and move contour lines and labels Adding Contour Lines To add some contour lines at selected locations Right Click on the model domain Add contour s Left Click the mouse pointer anywhere in the model domain to add a contour line for the head value at that location Any number of contour lines can be added throughout the model domain by clicking on the desired contour line locations Add contouris Delete contour s Delete all custar Delete labels When you are finished adding contour lines Right Click to exit the Add Contour mode Moving Contour Labels Next you will move contour line labels Right Click on the model domain Move label s Move the mouse point
27. site you can create different zones of grid cells containing unique dispersion values However for this example you will use a uniform dispersion value for the entire model domain OK to accept the default value In order to modify the horizontal or vertical dispersivity ratios and or the molecular diffusion values you can use the Layer Options command from the left toolbar MT3D only allows the dispersivity ratios to be defined on a layer by layer basis and cannot be defined on a cell by cell basis For this example you will not need to modify the default dispersivity ratios s OK to accept the default value Section 9 Transport Boundary Conditions In this section you will define the location and concentration of the contaminant source The source of contamination will be designated at the refuelling area as a Recharge Concentration that serves as a source of contamination to infiltrating precipitation Boundaries Recharge Concentration from the top menu bar You will be prompted to save your data se Yes Check to ensure that you are viewing Layer 1 by referring to the Navigator Cube in the lower left hand side of the screen If you are not viewing Layer 1 use the Previous Next or Goto buttons on the left toolbar to advance to the first layer Notice the dark blue grid cells near the Refuelling Area These grid cells indicate where Recharge Zone 2 1s located The Recharge Concentration input screen automaticall
28. source position control e Transparent objects e Animation sequence pausing looping and recording to an AVI file e Auto rotate tools continuously rotate the model image around the X Y Z axis e and much more The following section will guide you through the process of using the Visual MODFLOW 3D Explorer to display and animate a groundwater flow and mass transport model Section 19 Starting the Visual MODFLOW 3D Explorer 70 The Visual MODFLOW 3D Explorer can be launched directly from Visual MODFLOW environment or as a stand alone application In this tutorial you will launch the 3D Explorer from Visual MODFLOW and visualize the model Input and Output data from the Airport4 vmf model The Visual MODFLOW project files for the Airport4 model are included in the Visual MODFLOW working directory in the Tutorial folder The 3D Explorer can be launched from either the Input or Output section of Visual MODFLOW For this example you will launch the 3D Explorer from the Output module Output from the top menu bar of the Main Menu Fo The 3D Explorer can now be launched by clicking the F2 3D icon located on fan the bottom toolbar When the 3D Explorer is launched directly from Visual MODFLOW it will automatically open the active Visual MODFLOW project data files with the associated sitemap overlays and the vertical exaggeration setting The first view of the model is a full domain view with the Visual MODFLOW project na
29. the Model Tree to highlight it Right Click on Heads and select Create Create contour map color map from the popup menu Create color Field The Select create slices dialog box will appear prompting you to select one of the avaiable slices where the color map will be plotted Horizontal slice no 1 to highlight it Se Select A Color Map of the Heads distribution on the selected horizontal slice should now be visible However it is not displayed in the cut away region of the model To plot the Heads Colormap in the cut away region of the model eo Heads to expand the Heads branch Color map 1 under the Heads branch lt O Clip in cut away in the Display Settings Panel The Heads Colormap should now appear in the cut away region of the model as shown in the following figure FAVMOD 3D Explorer D Tutorial Airport4 w 0 x File Edit view Options Settings Help S H E 5 a ag 2 Exaggeration factor 40 WK Stay on top V BOA Default Settings YMOD Project Airport4 Axis Site maps Input P ji Airport4 10 100 Be SS Bes Output Heads Dry Cells Drawdowns H Concentrations Pathlines Value Color map 1 v Clip in cut away C Clip above water tabl
30. turn to a dark red color indicating that a Constant Head boundary condition has been assigned to these cells Next assign the Constant Head boundary condition to the lower confined aquifer along the southern boundary of the model domain Assign gt Line Move the mouse pointer to the south west corner of the grid bottom left grid cell and click on this location to anchor the starting point of the line Now move the mouse pointer to the south east corner of the grid bottom right grid cell and Right Click on this location to indicate the end point of the line A horizontal line of cells will be highlighted and a Constant Head Assign Line dialog box will appear Enter the following values Code description CH Lower Aquifer South Stop time day 7300 Start Time Head m 16 5 Stop Time Head m 16 5 OK to accept these values The pink line of grid cells will now turn to a dark red color indicating that a Constant Head boundary condition has been assigned to these cells Next you will copy the Constant Head boundary conditions from Layer 5 down to the same cells in Layer 6 Copy gt Layer from the left toolbar The Copy Layer dialog box will appear This dialog allows you to copy selected Constant Head boundary condition grid cells from the current layer to one or more layers in the model M Copy all selected groups s M Layer6 OK to copy the selected Constant Head groups from Laye
31. tutorial Section 20 Changing the Default Settings The Default Settings are used to define your preferences for how selected objects are initially displayed when a project is first opened If Default Settings of the selected objects are modified the new settings may be saved and applied to all VMOD 3D Explorer projects For instance the Default Setting for background is a black colored To change these default settings Default Setting in the Model Tree Panel Background in the Display settings e __ and change the color to white e W Save configuration on close to save these settings for future 3D Explorer projects lt Apply 71 Section 21 Using the Navigation Tools The Navigation Panel allows you to Rotate the model around the X Y and Z axes Shift the display along the X Y and Z axes and move the position of the Light source For this example you will rotate the model around the X axis in order to gain a 3D perspective view of the model Drag the X Slider to the left to rotate the top of the model towards you as shown in the following figure Drag the Y Slider to the left to rotate the right hand side of the model towards you as shown in the following figure Y Slider Location AutoRotate Tools X Slider Location Elnavigation tools Rotate Shift Light Position Time s Lal a Rotate model around the screen aves s up down Y left right
32. tutorial without running the model press Cancel and select the F10 Main Menu button from the bottom toolbar and then proceed from Module IV Output Visualization on page 55 To run the simulation follow the instructions below In the Engines to Run dialog select the following options lt M MODFLOW 2000 lt M MODPATH lt lt M MT3DMS Engines to Run ZoneBudget O MT3DMS ar FEST C Translate amp Aun Translate amp Run Visual MODFLOW will then Translate the Visual MODFLOW data set into the standard data input files required for the selected numeric Cancel engines and then Run the simulations in a separate window labelled saben eat 2 VM Engines M Auto start engines Translate Module IV Output Visualization If you have run the model you will be visualizing results from your model NOTE If you did not run the simulation or if you have skipped MODULES I I amp III then you may start at this point by opening the Airport4 vmf project located in the Tutorial folder of the Visual MODFLOW installation directory Output from the top menu bar of the Main Menu You will be transferred to the Visual MODFLOW Output section where you can visualize print and export the simulation results This Module provides instructions on displaying interpreting customizing and printing the groundwater flow pathline and contaminant transport modeling results using a variety of mapping and graphing presentation fo
33. you through the steps necessary to build a groundwater flow and contaminant transport model for this site This model will demonstrate the potential impact of the fuel contamination on the municipal water supply wells When discussing the site in plan view the top of the site will be designated as north the bottom of the site as south and the left side and right side as west and east respectively Groundwater flow is from north to south top to bottom in a three layer system consisting of an upper unconfined aquifer an intervening middle aquitard and a lower confined aquifer as illustrated in the following figure The upper aquifer and lower aquifers have a hydraulic conductivity of 2e m sec and the aquitard has a hydraulic conductivity of le m sec Recharge 10 cm year Aquifer Aquitard Aquifer How to Use this Tutorial This tutorial is divided into five modules and each module contains a number of sections The tutorial is designed so that the user can begin at any of the modules in order to examine specific aspects of the Visual MODFLOW environment Each section is written in an easy to use step wise format The modules are arranged as follows Module I Creating and Defining a Flow Model Module II Assigning Particles and Transport Parameters Module III Running Visual MODFLOW Module IV Output Visualization Module V The Visual MODFLOW 3D Explorer Terms and Notation
34. BBE eran Airport Time day 3650 0 The Image editor window is used to preview the image that will be printed and to add text lines shapes and titles to the image The Image editor window can also be used to customize the Page setup to include a detailed description of the image a company logo and a project name Once the image and Page setup are completed _ File Print from the top menu bar of the Image editor window Alternatively the image can be saved to a graphics file as as bitmap BMP image a Windows Metafile WMEFE image or an Enhanced Windows Metafile EMF image _ File Save as graphics file from the top menu bar A Save to file dialog box will appear where you can select the file type and specify the file name and location This concludes the step by step tutorial for Visual MODFLOW and the Visual MODFLOW 3D Explorer The purpose of this tutorial was to demonstrate how easy it now 1s to build calibrate and run a three dimensional groundwater flow and contaminant transport model Unfortunately this tutorial only covers a few of the many analytical capabilities and graphical features that make Visual MODFLOW the leading software package for groundwater flow and contaminant transport modeling If this tutorial has not covered some aspects of the software that you are interested in we encourage you to continue to consult the on line help files and the carefully read the Visual MODFLOW User s Manua
35. Color Legend Section 27 Printing to a Graphics File Visual MODFLOW Order Form 53 54 55 56 58 59 6l 62 68 70 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 TI 80 82 84 87 Introduction to Visual MODFLOW 3 1 Visual MODFLOW is the most complete and easy to use modeling environment for practical applications in three dimensional groundwater flow and contaminant transport simulations This fully integrated package combines MODFLOW MODFLOW SURFACT MODPATH ZoneBudget MT3Dxx RT3D and WinPEST with the most intuitive and powerful graphical interface available The logical menu structure and easy to use graphical tools allow you to e easily dimension the model domain and select units e conveniently assign model properties and boundary conditions e run the model simulations e calibrate the model using manual or automated techniques and e visualize the results using 2D or 3D graphics The model input parameters and results can be visualized in 2D cross section and plan view or 3D at any time during the development of the model or the displaying of the results For complete three dimensional groundwater flow and contaminant transport modeling Visual MODFLOW is the only software package you will need When you purchase Visual MODFLOW or any Waterloo Hydrogeologic software product you not only get the best software in the industry you also gain the reputation of the company behind the product and professional technical support for the sof
36. D Overlay C O JP 4 Time 7300 00000 day Stress period 1 Time step 1 67 Section 18 Concentration vs Time Graphs 68 In this section you will learn how to display the observed concentration data against the concentration values calculated by the model Graphs Time Series Concentration from the left toolbar You will then be presented with the graph for Concentration vs Time in order to view the breakthrough curves at each of your concentration observation wells A All from the Groups box on the left side of the window Apply You should now be viewing the breakthrough curves for each of the three concentration observation wells defined earlier in the model see following figure EN Concentration vs Time D Tutorial Airport4 E 0 x Fie Edit View Options Help SE se AAAA RR 2Q BB DA AAS Groups Points Species Concentration vs Time MV Select highlight group OV Al Observed JP 4 OA JA Calculated UP 4 OWZAl Observed JP 4 OWA Calculated JP 4 QADA Observed JP 4 OVYS A Calculated JP 4 L1 Layer 1 w1 0W1 W2 0W2 W3 0W3 2000 Concentration mg L 1000 0 2000 4000 6000 Time days Time days n a Concentration mq L nla This time series graph shows the calculated result using a line and point data series while the observation data is displayed only as data point symbols The observation data point symbols are the
37. DTH Riverbed Width in each cell along the line K Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity of the riverbed RBTHICK Riverbed Thickness in each cell along the line Another example of the usefulness of this feature is for using the Drain boundary as a seepage face If the ground surface is not flat is it ever then it 1s quite tedious to assign the drain elevations for each cell equal to the top of the grid cell elevation However with Visual MODFLOW the drain elevation can be defined for all cells in a polygon using the formula DRAIN BOT DZ Where DRAIN Drain Elevation for each cell in the polygon BOT Bottom of cell elevation for each cell in the polygon DZ Thickness of each cell in the polygon Visual MODFLOW 3 0 Demo Installation Hardware Requirements To run the Visual MODFLOW 3 0 Demo you will need the following minimum system configuration e Pentium II 300 MHz or equivalent e 128 MB of RAM 128 Mb recommended e CD ROM drive e 100 MBytes free disk space e Windows 98 2000 XP NT 4 0 service Pack 3 Installing Visual MODFLOW Visual MODFLOW must be installed on your hard disk or network disk in order to run it Please make sure you read the above section on hardware and system requirements to ensure that your system meets these requirements prior to running the installation Insert the WHI Demonstration Software CD ROM into your CD ROM drive This CD ROM is set to automatically open a Welcome screen If th
38. Ede Elevation Edit Extents Import Elevation i 5 He Row 1 900 Column J 2 F2 F3 Fy Z Vert Layer K 1 Ind save nap E zoel Fe ET E E Grid edit module The following steps will show you how to view the model in cross section and add new layers to the model To view the model in cross section View Column from the left toolbar Move the mouse cursor anywhere in the grid As you move the cursor across the screen a bar highlights the column corresponding to the cursor location To select a column to view click the left mouse button on the desired column Visual MODFLOW transfers the screen display from plan view to a cross sectional view of the model grid At this point the model has no vertical exaggeration and the cross section will appear as a thick line with the three layers barely discernible To properly display the three layers you will need to vertically exaggerate the cross section F8 Vert Exag from the bottom of the screen A Vertical Exaggeration dialog box appears prompting you for a vertical exaggeration value Type 40 OK The three layers of the model will then be displayed on the screen as shown below From the figure you can see that each layer has a uniform thickness across the entire cross section However nature rarely provides us with geology that conforms to flat horizontal layering with uniform layer thickness 23 isual MODFLOW D Tutorial Airport ymf 5 x F
39. I GIS shp files and database have become two of the main sources of data for groundwater models and Visual MODFLOW is making it as easy as possible to incorporate this data directly into your model Version 3 1 now allows you to import pumping well data and observation well data directly into your model by mapping the data required by the model to the fields stored in the ESRI GIS shape or MSAccessTM database files In addition Visual MODFLOW easily accommodates missing information with optional fill values and has built in data validation checks to prevent you from importing erroneous or corrupted information New Cell Inspector Parameters Several new parameters have been added to the Cell Inspector to facilitate better understanding about the model geometry and properties and to help interpret the modeling results These new parameters include e Cell top elevation e Cell bottom elevation e Cell thickness e Specified head for head dependent boundary conditions e Conductance for head dependent boundary conditions e Flow velocity in the X direction e Flow velocity in the Y direction e Flow velocity in the Z direction Recharge Boundary Condition Visual MODFLOW v 3 1 now allows you to assign descriptive names to each Recharge zone and to assign Recharge flux to grid cells in any layer of the model This allows you to use the Recharge boundary condition as a specified flux boundary condition in layers other than the top l
40. Input Domain Grid wells amp Properties Conductivity Storage Long dispersivity H Initial concentration H Species parameters H Boundaries Output Heads Drawdowns Concentrations JP 4 lsosurface 0 5 mg L P Airport4 Be SS Bes _ Q o 1 0 0 0 D D gt oh Pathlinas Setting Value Name Conductivity Visible M Ens Clipin cutaway Iv Show bitmap Li Semitransparent Iv Zone settings nx F Navigation tools es x Sets the current component to partially see Rotate Shift Light Position Time through z a Time day IV Synchronize time steps Options JV Live Update Apply 3650 aj Ej gt Change the model time for Synchronous mode and switch between Sync Asyne modes This view of the model data can now be saved for easy retrieval at a later time File Save scene configuration from the top menu bar The Save scene configuration dialog window will appear as shown below a Elsave scene configuration for Airport4 T _ jo x Configuration H ame Cutaway with plume at 3650 dava Default Delete Cancel Using this window the scene configuration can be saved with a user defined name and this name is selected every time the same project is opened Enter a Confi
41. Iv mie iba j z Rotate Shift Light Position Time x Ll ra xl pj yE F EE _ mja u Rotate model around the screen axes x up down Y left right Z rock side to side If checked the component will not be visible in the cut out portion of the model IV Live Update Apply Customizing the Color Legend As you may notice there are now two Color Legends appearing on the screen These Color Legends can be moved to any location in the 3D Display window to enhance the appearance of the image To move the Heads Color Legend click and drag the legend to the right hand side of the Display Area Adding a New Color To modify the color palette for the Heads Color Map Heads to highlight this data type under the Output data type Pallete button in the Display Settings Panel The Palette dialog box appears Change the default color Value settings to 12 13 14 15 16 17 and 19 Click in the Value field on 17 Add button to add another color value A new color will be added to the palette for a Value of 18 OK The Palette dialog box will appear as shown in the following figure 83 Pespatette 12 Value 19 i W a h M Reset Change color Add Delete OK Cancel Changing the Text Color Next you must once again change the default color of the Color Legend text from white to black Color legend in the Display Settings Panel
42. MODFLOW 2000 for running the flow simulations but it does not yet support all of the new features and analysis capabilities of MODFLOW 2000 including the Observation Process the Sensitivity Process and the Parameter Estimation Process However Visual MODFLOW does support PEST a more powerful and more robust parameter estimation program A brief overview of MODFLOW 2000 is provided in Appendix C on page 424 Support for the Stream Routing Package Visual MODFLOW supports the Stream Routing Package using a Grid Independent Boundary Object approach This approach allows Stream Segments to be delineated throughout the model domain using grid independent line objects These Stream Segments can be linked together at nodes to create a network of inter connected Stream Segments Visual MODFLOW automatically numbers the Segments in downstream order and prompts for the Stream attributes for each segment The grid cells corresponding to the location of the Stream Segments will be assigned these Stream attributes If changes are made to the model grid the grid cells corresponding to the location of the Stream Segments will be re calculated Support for RT3D Version 2 5 Visual MODFLOW supports and includes Battelle s RT3D Version 2 5 released in January 2002 for state of the art reactive transport modeling This latest version of RT3D contains significant improvements to the performance and analysis capabilities including a third order total variation
43. Visual MODFLOW Pro Version 3 1 Tutorial Guide Includes 3D Visualization Using Visual MODFLOW 3D Explorer isual MODFLOW Tutorial Airport4 mf ar001 a f lej x File Maps Graphs Tools Help View Column Next OWL JP 4 Select ap Calc 2380 90 Obs 1 25E 03 1 13E 03 AIRPORT OW2 IP 4 Cale 1036 30 Obs 60 00 Res 976 30 OWS JP 4 Cale 335 92 Obs 0 50 Res 335 42 ONITINUOUS TARD SUPPLY WELLS Column J FL F5 Layer K 1 in HG exag MT3D RT3D Overlay C O JP 4 Time 7300 00000 day Stress period 1 Time step 1 Elimage editor a Ioj x File Edit Yiew Help S4R0 BBE kAQ 2 2 Time day 7300 0 Heads E oau E zar E 28 172 E azm ere D 12 E 741754 E sre E iie O 1631z 17 9563 E 131855 K EET Visual MODFLOW 3 1 Tutorial Table of Contents Introduction to Visual MODFLOW 3 1 About the Visual MODFLOW 3 1 Demo What s New in Visual MODFLOW New Features In Visual MODFLOW 3 1 New Features In Visual MODFLOW 3 0 Visual MODFLOW 3 0 Demo Installation Hardware Requirements Installing Visual MODFLOW Starting Visual MODFLOW About the Interface Getting Around In Visual MODFLOW Screen Layout Visual MODFLOW Pro Tutorial Description of the Example Model How to Use this Tutorial Terms and Notations Getting Started Module I Creating and Defining a Flow Model Section 1 Generating a New Model Section 2 Refining the Model Grid Secti
44. alog is used to select the desired units for each of the major units categories available in Visual MODFLOW Once the model is created the selected units can be changed by selecting File Change Units from the Top Menu Bar Under the Units section select the following information for each model input data type Length meters Time days Conductivity m second Pumping Rate m 3 day Recharge mm year Mass kilogram Concentration milligram liter 17 18 The Start Date of the model is the date corresponding to the beginning of the simulation time period Currently this date is relevant only for transient flow simulations where recorded field data may be imported for defining time schedules for selected boundary conditions Constant Head River General Head and Drain Once the model is created the Start Date can be modified by selecting File Change Units from the Top Menu Bar In Step 2 the following window will appear which displays the default parameter values for the Flow and Transport models J bD Tutorial Airport mf Joj xj Step 2 Enter default parameter values Flow Mode _ Parameter Name Value Units ParameterName Yale Units F Ke F Long Dispersivity 10 Horiz Long Dispersivity 0 1 Vert Long Dispersivity 0 01 Diff Coeff 0 Eyapotranspiration Extinction Depth i Cancel Next to accept these values The Step 3 is Creating the Model Grid see figure below
45. ames in line fo Space M Comma C Lines WV Tab T Slash I User defined f none Enter list of line numbers and line ranges separated by commas For example 1 3 5 12 23 END Co ordinate system Type World Model Merge C Replace a Required Data Match to column number Well Name n a X co ordinate m n a TY co ordinate m n a Screen ID n a Screen Elevation m n a _ Observation Time m n a JP 4 mg L n a Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5 Column 6 Column 7 1 WellName coordinate Y coordinate Screen ID Screen Elevati Observation Ti JP 4 Conc 2 Ow 1640 A 16 5 3 Ow 760 1640 A 16 5 730 80 4 Ow 760 1640 A 16 5 1460 280 5 Ow 760 1640 A 16 5 2190 750 6 Ow 760 1640 A 16 5 2920 1100 rd Ow 760 1640 A 16 5 3650 1250 8 OWe2 810 1415 A 16 5 730 0 3 Owe 810 1415 A 16 5 1460 1 10 Owe 810 1415 A 16 5 2190 5 11 Owe 810 1415 A 16 5 2920 20 12 Owe 810 1415 A 16 5 3650 60 1E OWs3 910 1140 A 16 5 730 0 14 OWS 910 1140 A 16 5 1460 0 15 OWS 910 1140 A 16 5 2190 0 OW3 910 1140 A 16 5 2920 0 OWs3 910 1140 A 16 5 3650 0 5 xi Source Line No 1 In this window in the column Match to Column number the Column 1 is matched to the Well Name field Column 2 is matched to the X coordinate field Column 3 is matched to the Y coordinate field Column 4 is matched to the Screen ID field Column 5 is matched to the Screen Elevation Column 6 is matched to the Obs
46. anges to color section lists the range of concentration values for the current Output times In the Ranges to Color section enter the following Min 0 0 Max 4000 OK A maximum concentration value of 4000 was used because this represents the upper limit of the calculated concentrations for the entire simulation time not just the first Output time 730 Notice that the Concentration Contour Map and Color Map appear as defined but the Head Contour Map is hidden The reason the Head Contour Map is hidden is because it is drawn behind the Concentration Color Map To fix this situation you must modify the default Overlay priority F9 Overlay from the bottom menu bar The List only the visible overlays option is still selected so the Overlay List will include only the Overlays currently being displayed User Defined Scan down the listing towards the middle and find C O Head Equipotentials Click on the left most column next to C O Head Equipotentials to highlight this row and then click the Up Arrow button twice to move it above the C O JP 4 Overlay make sure the C O Head Equipotentials Overlay is still selected to be displayed Finally you will remove the Pathlines Overlay from the Output display OPT Pathlines to disable the Pathlines Overlay OK The Output display should look similar to the following figure isual MODFLOW D Tutorial Airport4 ymf ar001 E A Oj xi
47. arameters This concludes the MT3D run options section of the tutorial There are many other run time settings that have not been covered in this tutorial If you have time investigate some of the other options available Section 13 Running the Simulation 54 Although you could run the model at this time you may not want to do this because of the length of the simulation If you would like to run the model follow these steps e Run from the top menu bar An Engines to Run dialog box will appear listing the available numeric engines as shown in the figure below NOTE If you are evaluating the demo version of Visual MODFLOW the numeric engines have been disabled and you will NOT be able to run the simulation To continue with this tutorial press Cancel and select the F10 Main Menu button from the bottom toolbar Then proceed to Module IV Visualizing the Output on page 55 Although the flow model will solve relatively quickly the contaminant transport simulation will take between 1 and 5 minutes to run to completion depending on the processor speed and amount of RAM on your computer If you are using this tutorial for introductory training purposes you can choose to either run the simulation for the model you have created or you can continue with this tutorial without running the model If you do not have time to run the simulation the Output data files are provided with the example projects To continue with this
48. as a unique property value Model property data can be imported from ASCII text files spreadsheets or GIS shape files point or line formats The 2D interpolation methods currently available include Inverse Distance Kriging and Natural Neighbours For visualization purposes grid cells may be grouped together in zones representing a user defined range of property values The property distribution can be imported to an entire layer a range of layers or into a set of existing property zones Object Oriented Boundary Conditions Visual MODFLOW treats the group of cells containing related boundary condition data as a boundary condition object such that all of the attributes for a selected group of cells can be modified together A boundary condition object is created each time a boundary condition is assigned to a group of cells and each object can be given an alpha numeric description for easy identification Mathematical Operations using Array Variables A built in mathematical formula interpreter allows selected model variables to be defined using mathematical formulas containing array variables from other model parameters For example if a River boundary condition is assigned using a line object the Riverbed Conductance can be calculated using the formula COND RCHLEN RBWIDTH K RBTHICK Where COND Riverbed Conductance in each cell along the line RCHLEN Reach Length of the river in each cell along the line RBWI
49. aulic conductivity regions However it 1s still possible to view the isosurface by changing the hydraulic conductivity from solid to semi transparent J Semitransparent in the Display Settings Panel The isosurface should now be visible through the hydraulic conductivity zones The semi transparent option is available for most input parameters slices and isosurfaces Elvmop 3D Explorer D Tutorial Airport4 g z oj x File Edit view Options Settings Help H Fa Lb a ag amp 2 Exaggeration factor 40 Stay on top V Tanaan Default Settings YMOD Project Airport4 Asis Site maps Input Domain Grid wells amp Properties Conductivity Storage Long dispersivity Initial concentration Species parameters Boundaries Output Heads Drawdowns Concentrations 8 6 JP 4 lsosurface 0 5 mg L wu Pathlinas si P Airport4 Be SS Bes _ Q o 1 FF E I 7D amp Setting Value Name Conductivity Visible v Clipin cut away Iv Show bitmap b Semitransparent v Cees Zone settings zj F Navigation tools Rotate Shift Light Position Time Time day JV Synchronize time steps Options 3066 6 J hO rUhrt teteCTrCFC
50. ayer or the upper most active layer Model Appearance Options Visual MODFLOW v 3 1 now includes options to control the display options for many more model attributes including e Size and color of the well symbols and labels e Color of dry cells inactive flow cells and inactive transport cells e Color of cell areas above the water table in cross section e Hide show vertical gridlines in cross section view 3D Visualization VMOD 3D Explorer has been dramatically improved with the addition of several new visualization features and many improvements to existing features Some of the more significant improvements include e Synchronization of output times for flow and transport simulations in order to simultaneously animate the changes in head and concentrations e Color filled contour maps display a uniform color fill between contour lines where the color changes in a step wise manner from one contour interval to the next This provides a more dramatic representation of the change in values than the smooth gradational color change shown with the color map objects e Transparent contour line labels and multiple contour line labels with a user defined minimum distance between each label e A more robust algorithm for creating AVI animation files e An auto rotate feature for automatically rotating the image around selected New Features in Visual MODFLOW 3 0 Support for MODFLOW 2000 Visual MODFLOW supports a new version of MODFLOW
51. ayout similar to the figure below will appear Project Name Transport Variant isual MODFLOW C YMODNT Tutorial Airport4 ymf ar003 Ti op M enu B ar Fie Grid Wells Properties Boundaries Particles ZBud Tools Help o EE EE o a e eE een eE view Column UG A E a R aa Side Menu Bar p nactive Cells Edit Elevation Edt Eetents FP E IH Smoothing SSSoog mport Elevation Pee Contouring Navigation Cube gt lt gt A ok ZA I A l iE 1949 PE ae eT Y 2000 0 PE ee tee Co ordinates area p ATENEO Row I 1 v ao a zo LECO olumn 7 Fi F2 F3 FY F5 F6 ET F8 F9 ee gt Stat us Bar W i EA Ba 30 i Save Pm Mag Ee Ei E Pan aLe ora EN et he gt Grid edit module _ Grid edit module Function Buttons 11 Top Menu Bar Contains specific data category menus for each section of the interface Input Run and Output Previous Side Menu Bar Contains the View Control buttons plus tool Next buttons specific for each data category The view options are as follows View Column View a cross section along a column View Row View a cross section along a row View Layer Switch from cross section to plan view Goto View a specified column row or layer Previous View previous column row or layer Next View next column row or layer Navigator Cube Provides a simplified 3D representation of the model domain highlighting the current layer col
52. can be aligned on the bitmap as well SA Select Model Region E Baxi File View Options Help alaf oala EER Display Area xi 0 m Y2 2000 m Model Origin x j0 m y 0 m Angle 0 Model comers x1 0 m Y1 0 m x2 2000 m T2 2000 m NRows 40 NColumns 40 l Show Grid 1000 x m Cancel Type the following values over the numbers shown on the screen Display area X1 0 Y1 0 X2 2000 Y2 2000 Model Origin X 0 Y 0 19 Angle 00 gt Model Corners X1 0 gt Y1 00 gt X2 2000 Y2 2000 7 OK to accept the mesh dimensions A File attributes window will appear as shown in the following figure to indicate that the Sitemap is being saved inside the Visual MODFLOW project with the name Airport Sitemap FA File attributes l E loj x Source file name O Tutorial Sitemap dsf Mame in the project D Tutorial Airport Sitemap MAP Cancel OK A uniformly spaced 40 x 40 x 3 finite difference grid will automatically be generated within the model domain and a site base map will appear on the screen as shown in the following figure isual MODFLOW D Tutorial Airport ymf i 3 oj x File Grid Wells Properties SREB ets Particles ZBud Tools Help view Column Inactive Cells gt Edit Grid gt Edit Elevation Edit Extents A COOC Import Elevation U S mit mC PARAE
53. cated in the Tutorial folder of the Visual MODFLOW installation directory To continue with the run options e Run from the Main Menu options You will then be transferred to the run options screen and a dialog box will prompt you to select either a Steady State or Transient flow simulation Steady State e TOK 50 Section 11 MODFLOW Run Options Prior to running the simulation you may customize the default run time settings for MODFLOW MODPATH and MT3D The Run section also allows you to setup the parameter estimation PEST simulation The MODFLOW Run Time options allows you to customize the default settings for various MODFLOW settings including e Time steps in each Stress Period activated only when transient flow is simulated e Initial Heads estimate e Solver selection and settings e Recharge settings e Layers types e Dry cell Rewetting settings e Anisotropy settings e Output Control setting MODFLOW Solver Options First you will examine the Solver options for MODFLOW MODFLOW 2000 Solver from the top menu bar The default solver is the WHS Solver a proprietary solver developed by Waterloo Hydrogeologic Inc In many cases the WHI Solver is faster and more stable than the PCG and SIP solvers provided by MODFLOW The LMG solver is a relatively new solver provided with MODFLOW and it is also stated to be much faster than the PCG or SIP Solvers To select a different solver simply click the b
54. d To see how the plume looks in cross section View Column Move the mouse pointer into the model domain and then click on a column passing through the plume The cross section view of the plume should look similar to the following figure isual MODFLOW D Tutorial Airport4 ymf ar001 a lol x Fie Maps Graphs Tools Help view Row Concentratioi Next Species Select BEUT 1 JAE x 837 5 Y 442 1 Pa t byl Row I 61 Column 3 24 Fl F2 F3 FY F5 ae FE E F F8 A Fg Layer K 1 Heip B 3p fb save hap in A out H Pan Gl exag Flay MT3D RT3D Overlay C O JP 4 Time 7300 00000 day Stress period 1 Time step 1 This figure shows that the plume has migrated into the lower aquifer at a concentration above the action level and will eventually threaten the pumping wells To see the plume in the lower aquifer View Layer Move the mouse pointer into the cross section view and click on Layer 5 The display should now look similar to the following figure isual MODFLOW D Tutorial Airport4 ymf ar001 F J S e E3 Fie Maps Graphs Tools Help view Row Select AIRPOR ff iy i t E a Ae Pave F SUPPLY Pe LLS a uF x 833 0 Yi 1729 4 ap 2 6 0 i 1 i 1 Row I 9 600 9000 12000 1500 1800 2000 Column J 24 F5 Zoomi EE Zoom Fe ES vert ES over f ae ALR ERE MT3D RT3
55. d a line of particles in Layer 1 Move the cursor to the middle left side of the refuelling area and click the left mouse button Stretch a line to the right side of the refuelling area then click again A Line Particle dialog box will appear as shown in the following figure Tracking Forwar d Backward Column 7 13 Layer K The default number of particles assigned is 10 Change the number of particles to 5 of Particles 5 OK 42 The line of green particles through the refuelling area indicates forward tracking particles Now return to the full screen display of the model domain F6 Zoom Out from the bottom toolbar At this point the first Module of this tutorial has been completed and you have now successfully built a three dimensional groundwater flow and particle tracking model The next Module of this tutorial deals with setting up the contaminant transport model and assigning the properties and boundary conditions for the transport model Module II The Contaminant Transport Model Module II provides instructions on setting up the Transport Model and assigning the required properties and boundary conditions for the contaminant transport model If you have skipped MODULE I then you may start at this point by opening the Airport2 vmf project located in the Tutorial folder of the Visual MODFLOW installation directory Section 7 Setting Up the Transport Model The following sec
56. diminishing advection solver an iterative generalized conjugate gradient solver and cell by cell sorption terms These new solvers can decrease the often excessive run times by a factor of 10 or more A brief overview of RT3D v 2 5 is provided in Appendix C on page 433 Support for Algebraic Multigrid Solver Visual MODFLOW supports the Link Algebraic Multigrid LMG Package provided with MODFLOW 2000 and documented in the U S Geological Survey Open File Report 01 177 Mehl and Hill 2001 The LMG Package links MODFLOW 2000 with an advanced technique for solving matrix equations the freeware algebraic multigrid AMG solver produced by the GMD German National Research Center for Information Technology The LMG Package has some distinct advantages over other solvers available with MODFLOW 2000 for problems with large grids more than about 40 000 cells and or a highly variable hydraulic conductivity field Testing conducted by the U S Geological Survey indicate that execution times using the AMG solver may be 2 to 25 times faster than execution times using MODFLOW s PCG2 Package with the modified incomplete Cholesky pre conditioner The drawback to the AMG method used in the LMG Package 1s that it may require 3 to 8 times more memory than PCG2 Importing and Interpolating Model Property Values Visual MODFLOW imports model property values from discrete data points and interpolates these values to the model grid such that each grid cell h
57. e Autorun option on your computer is disabled navigate to the CD ROM drive and start the file demo32 exe e Click the link to the Product Details and Demo for Visual MODFLOW Pro e Click the link to Install Visual MODFLOW Pro Demo e Follow the on screen installation instructions If you have any problems with your particular system configuration please consult your systems administrator for advice If the problem persists contact a Waterloo Hydrogeologic technical representative for assistance Starting Visual MODFLOW Once Visual MODFLOW has been installed on your computer simply double click on the Visual MODFLOW 3 1 shortcut icon or click on Start Programs WHI Software Visual MODFLOW 3 1 Visual MODFLOW 3 1 About the Interface The Visual MODFLOW interface has been specifically designed to increase modeling productivity and decrease the complexities typically associated with building three dimensional groundwater flow and contaminant transport models In order to simplify the graphical interface Visual MODFLOW is divided into three separate modules e The Input section e The Run section e The Output section Each of these modules 1s accessed from the Main Menu when a Visual MODFLOW project is started or an existing project 1s opened The Main Menu serves as a link to seamlessly switch between each of these modules to define or modify the model input parameters run the simulations calibrate the model and display results The In
58. en clicking on Layer 1 in the model cross section Section 17 Concentration Contours In this section you will learn how to display your contaminant transport simulation results Maps Contouring Concentration from the top menu bar The concentration contours will be plotted for the first transport output time in this case the first transport output time is 730 days At this early time in the simulation the contaminant plume does not appear to have migrated far from the Refuelling Area However this appearance is somewhat misleading because the concentration contours are plotted using a normal scale automatically selected by Visual MODFLOW 62 A more effective and common method of plotting concentration contours is to plot the contour lines at logarithmic intervals e g 0 01 0 1 1 0 10 100 etc Options button from the left hand toolbar A Contour Options dialog box for C O JP4 will appear as shown in the figure below Sg C O JP 4 z Contours Color Shading Automatic contour levels Custom contour levels Contour Label Jw Visible f Decimals Color Maroon Width fi E Contouring resolution Speed High Slow X Add bx Deletdpe Insert Reset OF Cancel Notice that the minimum concentration value is 200 Obviously a negative concentration value is not possible in a natural environment This negative concentration value is a result of numerical dispersion
59. encountered during the solution of the contaminant transport simulation LJ Automatic contour levels to remove the automatic contour line M Custom contour levels Enter the following custom contour levels in the text boxes provided 10 100 500 1000 4000 Although this is not a strict logarithmic scale it does provide a much better representation of the concentration contours Next you will increase the drawing speed of the concentration contour lines by changing the Contouring resolution Speed setting from Highest Slowest to High Slow Finally you will turn the color shading option on to display a color map of the concentrations Click on the Color Shading tab The Color Shading options will appear as shown in the following figure 63 64 aq C O IP 4 E x Contours Color Shading J Use Color Shading Minimum 200 mg L Mi arimumj1 800 mg L Cut off Levels Upper Level fo M Lower Level 0 5 Ranges to color Basic point e M Use Color shading In the Cutoff Levels section M Lower Level 0 5 The Lower Level setting will clip the color map at 0 5 mg L all concentration values below 0 5 mg L will not be shown on the color map The Lower level setting of 0 5mg L is an action level If the contamination will be present in the lower aquifer at a value equal to or greater than 0 5 mg L then some action must be performed to remediate the situation The R
60. entration Observation Wells individually using the toolbar options on the left hand menu or you may import wells data from a variety of file formats including ASCII TXT file Excel XLS file ESRI SHP file or MS Access MDB file In this section we will import concentration observation wells data from an Excel spreadsheet as shown below C E 1140 EE a ell Mame coordinate Y coordinate Screen ID Screen Elevation Observation Time JP 4 Conc Oy 6O 1640 A 16 5 0 0 ELA FB0 1640 A 16 5 fao ol Oy FB0 1640 A 16 5 1460 200 Oy FB0 1640 A 16 5 2190 r50 B yy FB0 1640 A 16 5 2920 1100 yy FB0 1640 A 16 5 J650 1250 al GA a10 1415 A 16 5 fao 0 EA A a10 1415 A 16 5 1460 1 GA a10 1415 A 16 5 2190 z GA a10 1415 A 16 5 2920 20 Cys a10 1415 A 16 5 J650 BU Oa 410 1140 A 16 5 fou 0 Ga 410 1140 A 16 5 1460 0 Oya 410 1140 A 16 5 2190 0 Gg 410 1140 A 16 5 2920 0 Gg 410 1140 A 16 5 J650 0 5 Bisa oe ee WAH Concentration Wells xLs Jal Wells Conc Observation Wells from the top menu bar You will be prompted to save your data se Yes The Concentration Observation Wells input screen with will appear Import Wells and browse for the data file Concentration wells XLS Open Er x Look in E Tuoi ex E Concentration wells Files of type RRS PRESS Cancel 48 Open to open the following window 4 Import Concentration Well Data Line range Delimiter All Use column n
61. er to the location of any contour label and then Click and Drag the label to a new location on that contour line 58 When you are finished moving contour labels Right Click to exit the Move Label mode Next take a look at the site in cross section Select the View Column button from the left toolbar and Move the mouse into the model domain Choose a column near the middle of the model domain by clicking the left mouse button Notice that the minimum maximum and interval values for the contour lines are reset each time you change the view but the custom contour values remain The minimum maximum and interval values are reset to ensure that contour lines are optimized for all data in the current row column or layer However this reset option can be de activated in the contour options dialog if you want to maintain the same maximum minimum and interval values for all views Deleting Custom Contours To remove the custom contours Right Click on the model domain Delete all custom Displaying a Color Map of Heads Return to the layer view display of the model View Layer button from the left toolbar Click on Layer 1 in the model cross section A contour map of the heads in Layer 1 will be displayed To display a color map of the head values in Layer 1 Options button from the left hand tool bar A C O Head Equipotentials contour options dialog box will appear Click on the Colour Shading tab The contou
62. ervation Time field and Column 7 is matched to the Observed Concentration for JP 4 field The Match to Column number column will look like as shown below o Required Data Match to column number Fill Well Mame co ordinate m TY co ordinate m Screen ID Screen Elevation m Observation Time m JP 4 rngL I On ee oo Pa Next the following window will appear 49 4 Import Concentration Well Data Screen Observation Elevation m Time m A 16 0 A 16 5 730 16 5 1460 280 A 16 5 2190 750 A 16 5 2920 1100 A 16 5 3650 1250 16 5 730 0 A 16 5 1460 1 A 16 5 2190 5 A 16 5 2920 20 16 5 3650 60 A 16 5 730 0 A 16 5 1460 0 16 5 2190 0 A 16 5 2920 0 16 5 3650 0 5 Ae EG COORDINAT Screen ID Screen Elevation Source Line No 1 lt lt Back Finish Cancel Finish to finally import the wells When you are finished assigning the Concentration Observation Wells click the F6 Zoom Out button in the bottom toolbar to refresh the screen To prepare for the next Module select F10 Main Menu from the bottom toolbar and select Yes to save your data Module III Running Visual MODFLOW Module III guides you through the selection of some of the MODFLOW MODPATH and MT3D run options that are available with Visual MODFLOW If you have skipped MODULES I amp II then you may start at this point by opening the Airport3 vmf project lo
63. f decimals for the Calibration Statistics and Output Time values Calibration Residual Maps The Calibration Residual Maps are used to display the calibration data values at selected observations points using tags or to represent the residual values using color filled bubbles at selected observation point where the bubble radius is scaled according to the residual value However the options for controlling the appearance of the tags and the bubbles were quite limited This latest version gives you complete control over the color size and content of the text in the tags and it allows you to control the color and scale of the bubbles In previous versions it was sometimes difficult to effectively use the bubble plots because the range of values was so high that it was difficult to differentiate all but a few of the points This latest version of Visual MODFLOW allows you to associate a min and max bubble size to a min and max residual value such that all residual values above the maximum value will be plotted using the same maximum radius regardless of the value Import Multiple Bitmap Images for Site Maps Multiple bitmap images can now be imported into a project and georeferenced after the project has been initially created This allows you to have several different bitmap images for representing different types of data Bitmaps can also be used simultaneously with ESRI GIS shp files and AutoCAD dxf files GIS and Database Support ESR
64. fferent hydraulic conductivity zones select the F9 Overlay button from the bottom menu bar An Overlay Control dialog box will appear with a listing of all the available overlays that you may turn on or off Overlay List Filter Properties Prop F Conductivities 7 OK to show the cross section with the hydraulic conductivity layers The display should look similar to the following figure isual MODFLOW D Tutorial Airport4 ymf ar001 g Oj x File Maps Graphs Tools Help view Colunn 962 5 823 2 2 27 6 Row I Column J Layer K Output Time 1 00000 day Stress period 1 Time step 1 Return to the plan view display of the model by selecting the View Layer button from the left toolbar and then clicking on Layer 1 in the model cross section Section 16 Pathlines Recall that in the Input section we assigned five forward tracking particles near the Refueling Area The MODPATH program tracks the flowpaths of these particles as they travel through the groundwater system To view the fate of these particles Maps Pathlines from the top menu bar The default screen display will plot all of the pathlines as projections from the current layer of the model as shown below isual MODFLOW D Tutorial Airport4 ymf ar001 Oj x File Maps Graphs Tools Help View averi KAT Previous Pathlines 4 8 DE a BE r 2 2 a
65. fy the default hydraulic conductivity values Kx Ky and Kz for each cell in the model Click on the Database and enter the following values as shown in the following window Hydraulic Conductivity in x Kx m s 2e 4 Hydraulic Conductivity in y Ky m s 2e 4 gt Hydraulic Conductivity in z Kz m s 2e 4 Zone Kx m s Ky m s Kz m s e 1 Ljoowe ooo 0 0002 Hydraulic conductivity in z direction Value 0 0002 lean Wp Advanced gt gt OF Cancel 7 OK to accept these values Note that the Kx Ky and Kz values are the same for all three directions and the assinged property values are assumed horizontally and vertically isotropic However anisotropic property values can be assigned by modifying the Conductivity Database For this example we will use the assinged hydraulic conductivity values for model layers 1 and 2 representing the upper aquitard and you will assign different Conductivity values for model layers 3 and 4 representing the aquitard Note that layer 1 is the top model layer Goto from the left toolbar The Go To Layer window appears Type 3 OK You are now viewing the third layer of model In this six layer model layers 3 and 4 represent the aquitard separating the upper and lower aquifers The next step in this tutorial is to assign a lower hydraulic conductivity value to layers 3 and 4 Now we graphically assign the property values to the model grid cells The A
66. ge in Visual MODFLOW you must be viewing the top layer of the model Check the Navigator Cube in the lower left hand side of the screen to see which layer you are in If you are not in layer 1 then use the Next Previous or Goto buttons in the left toolbar to advance to layer 1 The first boundary condition to assign is the recharge flux to the aquifer Boundaries Recharge from the top menu bar If you are creating a new model a Recharge Assign Default Boundary dialog box will prompt you to enter the Stop Time Note that when the model was created a zero recharge rate was assigned to the model as default value Visual MODFLOW automatically assigns this recharge value to the entire top layer of the model In the box enter Stop Time day 7300 Recharge mm yr 100 OK to accept these values se F5 Zoom in Move the cursor to the upper left of the refuelling area and click on the left mouse button Then stretch a box around the refuelling area and click again to close the zoom window Now assign a higher recharge value at the Refuelling Area where jet fuel has been spilled on a daily basis Assign gt Window Move the cursor to the top left corner of the Refuelling Area and click the left mouse button drag a window across the refuelling area and click the left mouse button again The Recharge Assign Window dialog box will appear as shown below 35 36 P ted SR O xj File Help Zone H Z
67. gn Single dialog box will appear displaying the last K property that was entered Zone 2 Click on the down arrow beside the New button so that Zone 1 is the active K property DO NOT SELECT OK AT THIS TIME Move the mouse into the discontinuous aquitard area defined by the 0 5 meter contour Press the mouse button down and drag it inside the area until the cells within the zone area are shaded white as shown in the following figure isual MODFLOW D Tutorial Airport ymf File Grid Wells Properties Boundaries Particles ZBud Tools Help View Row Column J Layer K Conductivity edit module If you accidentally re assign some grid cells that shouldn t be included Right Click on these cells to change them back to the original setting Once you are finished painting the cells select the OK button in the Conductivity Assign Single dialog box Next you will copy the Conductivity Zones from Layer 3 to Layer 4 Copy gt Layer from the left toolbar A Copy Layer window will appear listing the available Conductivity zones Zone 1 and Zone 2 in the current layer and the available layers where they may be copied to lt WI Select all highlighted zones s WV Layer 4 OK to copy the Conductivity zones from Layer 3 to Layer 4 F6 Zoom Out to return to the full screen display of the entire model domain To see the model in cross section e View Column Click on a column passing t
68. guration Name of Cutaway with plume at 3650 days OK If the most recently viewed scene configuration is saved by selecting the name Default VMOD 3D Explorer remembers and re opens the project automatically with the Default saved settings To examine the model view from different angles the sliders on the Navigation Panel can be used to rotate the view or you move and rotate the view as follows 81 Right Click anywhere in the model screen w Shift e Rotate Screen X and Y Rotate Screen and Rotate Model and With the left mouse button click and drag anywhere in the model screen In this way the model can be rotated Try to achieve several different views of the model and cut away isosurface The AutoRotate tools located on the right hand side of the Rotate tab Ir may be used to continuously rotate the model image around the X Y id m E and Z axis ly Options When you have finished rotating the model return to the previously saved scene configuration File Load scene configuration from the top menu bar This will produce the Load scene configuration dialog box Cutaway with plume at 3650 days OK Your screen will now be returned to the previously saved view Section 26 Creating a Color Map of Head Values 82 Next you will create a colormap of the simulated heads plotting on the previously defined horizontal surface or Output in the Model Tree Heads in
69. he Input module The remaining toolbar buttons describe the various functions that can be performed to modify the model grid Section 2 Refining the Model Grid The Grid screen provides a complete assortment of graphical tools for refining the model grid importing layer surface elevations optimizing smoothing the grid spacing contouring the layer surface elevations and delineating inactive grid zones This section describes the steps necessary to refine the model grid in the areas of interest such as around the water supply wells and around the refuelling area The reason for refining the grid is to get more detailed simulation results in areas of interest or in zones where you anticipate steep hydraulic gradients If drawdown is occurring around the well the water table will have a smoother surface when you use a finer grid spacing To refine the grid in the x direction Edit Grid gt Edit Columns A popup window will appear on the left hand side of the screen showing the options you have for editing the grid columns The Edit Grid options allow you to modify the grid using the following options e Add Delete or Move gridlines e Automatically Refine or Coarsen the grid e Import gridlines from an ASCII text file or e Export the gridline coordinates to an ASCII text file By default the Add option is selected and new grid lines can be added by clicking the mouse on the desired location of a new grid line 21 22
70. he Select create slices dialog box 79 Section 25 Creating a Cut Away View Next you will create a cut away view of the model Options Select cut away from the top menu bar This will produce the Cut away properties dialog box prompting you to select the surface you would like to use to define the cut away region For this example you will select the cross section you defined earlier To select the cross section Cross section no 1 from the Vertical cut away slice picklist as shown below Cut away Properties Horizontal cut away slice active Vertical cut away slice MW active Cross sectionnol CubAway typ Cut away before slice Iv Active cut away amp Cut away after slice 2 Close The model display should appear similar to the figure below Notice that the conductivity zones are removed from the cut away region while the concentration isosurface remains This is possible because each displayed object has it s own Remove from Cut away setting In the case of the concentration isosurface you de activated this option Therefore the concentration isosurface is NOT removed in the cut away region 80 Elvmop 3D Explorer D Tutorial Airport4 l E loj x File Edit view Options Settings Help ay amp ial Fa iL ti ag E dx Exaggeration factor fso ES Stay on top V anaa n amp Default Settings a Y MOD Project Airport4 Asis Site maps
71. hk ok Oe r re 8 8 x oe Ar ee ey a E ee ee OR on ee Fe fe Se oe OE eS ACO On oe Row I 500 s00 2000 Column 7 Layer K 1 Output Time 1 00000 day Stress period 1 Time step 1 To remove the velocity vectors from the Output display select the F9 Overlay button from the bottom menu bar and select the M List only the visible overlays option The Overlay List will now include only the overlays currently being displayed Scan down the listing towards the middle and unselect Vel Vectors 7 OK to remove the velocity vectors from the Output display To show the pathlines in the current layer select the Segments button from the left toolbar This will show only the pathlines that are in the active layer of the model Use the Next button from the left toolbar to advance through each layer of the model to see where the particle pathlines are located Projections to see all pathlines again Note that the pathlines have direction arrows on them indicating the flow direction These arrows also serve as time markers to determine the length of time before a particle reaches a certain destination To determine the time interval for each time marker select the Options button from the left toolbar and a Pathline option dialog box will appear as shown below 61 Ha Pathline option l a xX Frojectior f Show all pathlines Pa Travel time ta 13000 Y Sta
72. hrough the zone of discontinuous aquitard col 36 A cross section will be displayed as shown in the following figure Use the Next and Previous buttons on the left toolbar to advance through the model Refer to the Navigator Cube on the lower left of the screen to see the relative cross section location 33 isual MODFLOW D Tutorial Airport ymf E O x File Grid Wells Properties Boundaries Particles ZBud Tools Help T f i oO i l i o L i 4 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2000 T il i l i i fl f T4 0 T x 936 0 1012 5 26 Row I 38 Column J Layer K Fl F2 F3 FY F5 FG F F8 F9 nA m2 Vert Over g Pee Ee ee es Conductivity edit module Return to the plan view display by selecting the View Layer button and then clicking on Layer 1 in the model cross section view Properties Storage on the top menu bar You will be transferred to the Storage input screen where you will modify only the default Specific Storage value but NOT the Specific Yield Effective Porosity and Total Porosity values Database and enter Specific Storage value Ss 1 m 1E 4 as shown in the following window Zone Ss 1 ml Eff Por Tot Por Active Distribution Array Hi 0 3 rr 1E 4 Oe 0 15 Specific storage
73. ight hand side Include full dispersion tensor memory intensive Relative convergence criterion 0 0001 Concentration change printing interval fos Time Step Control when Implicit Solver used Initial step size DTO fo day Multiplier fia Maximum transport step size 20d day OK Cancel Next you will define the output times at which you would like to see the contaminant transport modeling results MT3DMS Output Time steps from the top menu bar An Output amp Time Step Control dialog box will appear as shown below Za Output amp Time Step Control Simulation time 7300 day s Output Time s Max transport Steps 10000 id j Specify max stepsize fo day s Save simulation results at C End of simulation only C Every Nth time step N fi 0 Specified times day s Save CBM file OK Cancel The default setting for MT3D output control is to save only one set of concentration data values at the End of simulation only For this tutorial you will define Specified times at which you would like to see the simulation results Then fill in and check off the following Simulation time 7300 days Max of transport steps 10000 lt Specified times day s In the Output Time s list enter the following values 53 730 1460 2190 2920 3650 J 9475 J 7300 7 OK to accept these Output amp Time Step Control p
74. ile Grid Wells Properties Boundaries Particles ZBud Tools Help vicu lume Inactive Cells gt Edit Elevation Edit Extents Imp sor E or Contouring bf 30 jo J 0 18 0 0 2000 Y 807 9 2 26 1 Row I Column J 28 F1 F2 F3 FY E5 2 F6 2 Fr F8 ee a er Layer K fl Save Onap A Sin EA Sout Fe Pan Kl eng pes Grid edit module Fortunately Visual MODFLOW allows you to import variable layer elevations from either X Y Z text files or from Surfer GRD files In this example we will import text files containing elevation data for selected X and Y coordinates within the model domain The format of these files is as follows 0 0 17 0 500 0 16 5 1000 O 17 0 etc When this data is imported it will create a sloping ground surface topography and layers with variable thickness Import Elevation from the left toolbar The following Import Surface window will appear Import Surface Import Data From ASCII ix yz From Surfer grd Import Filename DAT SA asc sunlace Options Import ground surface Import bottom elevation of Layer Minimum Layer Thickness i Use bs Nearest Sample Points Choose Filename An Import Surface File window will appear listing the available ASC TXT and XYZ files The file you will import for the ground surface elevations is airpt_gs asc To select the ground surface topography file eS Airpt_gs asc se OK
75. in each grid cell WIDTH Width of the river in each grid cell K Vertical hydraulic conductivity of the riverbed in each grid cell THICK Thickness of the riverbed in each grid cell Enter the following information for the River boundary condition Description Waterloo River e M Assign to appropriate layer e M Use default conductance formula M Linear gradient In the Start Point tab enter the following information Stop time day 7300 River Stage Elevation m 16 0 River Bottom Elevation m 15 5 Riverbed Thickness m 0 1 Riverbed Kz m sec 1e 4 River Width m 25 In the End Point tab enter the following information Stop time day 7300 River Stage Elevation m 15 5 River Bottom Elevation m 15 0 Riverbed Thickness m 0 1 Riverbed Kz m sec 1e 4 River Width m 25 River Assign Line File Help Description Waterloo River B amp amp JV Assign to appropriate layer MV Use default conductance formula JV Linear gradient Start point End point Edit selected row s or column a aah RACHLNG R a Start Time day Stop Time day River Stage m Riverbed Conductance Riverbed Riverbed Kz 7 Bottom m m 2 da Thickness m m s 0 15 ACHLNG RB 0 1 1e 4 l OK Cancel OK to accept these values After the River boundary condition has been defined the River grid cells will colored dark blue as shown in the following figure
76. ion and reaction terms molicit GCG Solyer relatively short period of time The GCG solver uses an C Explicit finite diference method implicit approach to solving the finite difference Porosity options Use effective porosity equations and is usually much faster than the explicit a s total porosit solution method S Courant number 7 5E 1 ts m m m pai a a ue D ie conor Min sat thickness fi E 2 fraction of cell thickness To select the GCG Solver o M Implicit GCG solver K Cance m Options The Implicit GCG Solver Settings dialog will appear as shown in the following figure Though the Upstream Finite Difference method and the Implicit GCG Solver are computationally efficient the tutorial simulation tracks contaminant transport over a 20 year period In order to speed up the modelling process you will use a non linear time step Enter the following information in the fields at the bottom of the dialog Multiplier 1 1 Maximum transport step size 200 OK This will return you to the Solution Method dialog OK MT3DMS Output Times Implicit GCG Solver Settings x J Translate Implicit GCG Solver Package Maximum number of outer iterations fi Maximum number of inner iterations 50 M Preconditioners Jacobi C SSOR Relaxation factor fi Modified Incomplete Cholesky Dispersion tensor cross terms Lump all dispersion cross terms to the r
77. l If you would like to speak with a technical representative about how Visual MODFLOW could be applied to solve your particular needs please contact Waterloo Hydrogeologic at 85 86 Waterloo Hydrogeologic Inc 460 Phillip Street West Suite 101 Waterloo Ontario Canada N2L 5J2 Tel 519 746 1798 Fax 519 885 5262 E mail info flowpath com Web www waterloohydrogeologic com Visual MODFLOW Order Form Name Company Address City State Zip Postal Code Country Phone Fax E mail Please select the package you would like to order Visual MODFLOW includes MODFLOW MODPATH MT3DMS RT3D and Zone Budget US 995 Visual MODFLOW Pro includes WinPEST and VM 3 D Explorer US 1995 Add_On Packages WinPEST US 400 Visual MODFLOW 3D Explorer US 795 MODFLOW SURFACT Basic Flow Option with Newton Raphson US 995 MODFLOW SURFACT Advanced Flow Options Airflow and UnSat US 1395 Sub Total Canadian residents please add applicable taxes Total Shipping Method UPS Ground 4 8 days delivery to USA or Canada US 20 FEDEX Overnight Overnight delivery to USA or Canada US 45 FEDEX 2 Day 2 day delivery to USA or Canada US 35 FEDEX Overseas All international orders US 90 Grand Total Payment Options Credit Card VISA MasterCard American Express Card Number Exp Date Purchase Order Canada and US only P O Number Signature Date 87 88
78. ls to occur where 1630 C Cell bottom observations are encountered Typically this will confuse I Keep minimum saturated thickness for the bottom layer the parameter estimation program because MODFLOW i assigns a calculated head value of 1e 30 for the dry cell However Visual MODFLOW now gives you the option to assign the head value for dry cells as the cell bottom elevation In addition Visual MODFLOW also now gives you the option to prevent dry cell occurring on the bottom layer of the model OK Cancel OK to accept the remaining Cell wetting options There are still several other run options for flow simulations If you have time investigate the options that were not mentioned in this tutorial Section 12 MT3DMS Run Options 52 This section will guide you through the selection of the advection method solver settings and output times that you will use to obtain the solution and results for the contaminant transport model MT3DMS Solver Settings MT3DMS Solution Method from the top menu bar A Solution Method dialog box will appear as shown in the following figure In the Advection term frame you will be using the x Upstream Finite Difference solution method with the Advection term Upstream Finite Difference E Implicit GCG solver Generalized Conjugate Gradient GCG solver The Upstream Finite Difference method provides a stable solution to the contaminant transport model in a Dispers
79. me at the top of the 3D Display window as shown in the following figure When 3D Explorer window 1s first open it will appear as shown in the following figure F2lyvmop 3D Explorer D Tutorial Airport4 E l x File Edit view Options Settings Help ae amp a a be a ag f 2 Exaggeration factor 0 _ FAMod 0 x Stay on top Iv Airport4 a Time day 1 0 Model Tree mamaaa amp Xn Default Settings Panel Y MOD Project Airport4 Axis Site maps Pumping wells Head Observations Conc Observations Properties G Boundaries Flow boundaries Output H Heads Drawdowns Concentrations JP 4 Pathiines e Display Setting S b Save config on close 4 Load config on open v ettings Background color _ E Title ATime Label H sis GlLegends Ellnactive flow zone z E Ewells M k x o xr mfe JV Live Update Apply Ls gt zp Options Rotate model around the screen axes up down Y left right Z rock side to side Navigation Panel The Model Tree Panel contains a structured listing of the data classes available for the selected Visual MODFLOW project The Display Settings Panel controls the visual attributes for each display element The Navigation Panel controls the on screen orientation and rotation of the 3D graphical images and the position of the light source These will be referred to frequently throughout the remainder of this
80. n one variants for a given model By default Visual MODFLOW creates a variant named Var001 We will now edit this variant to setup the model for transport processes Edit in the Select Transport Variant dialog box A Warning message will appear It informs you that changes to the current variant will result in the user being required to edit the transport variables in the input module e Close You will then be presented with the Transport Engine Options dialog box where you will modify the default settings see figure below Za Transport Engine Options 3 Me x Variant Name Wardi Total number of species fi Transport Engine MT3DMS E Number of mobile species 1 Model Name No kinetic reactions Description Sorption for dual domain transfer Reactions Linear isotherm equilibrium controlled No kinetic reactions Species General Model Params Species Params Besanaion CenponentDesciptn Mabie SCONO SPm Spilled Jet Fuel New Species Delete Species OK Cancel Z When the model is first created the default transport variant will use MT3DMS as the numeric engine with no sorption or reaction terms For this tutorial you will add a linear sorption process to the transport variant Click in the field labelled Sorption or dual domain transfer to see a drop down list of the available sorption methods Linear Isotherm equilibrium controlled For this tut
81. n properties and boundary conditions e Run the groundwater flow particle tracking and mass transport simulation and e Visualize the results using two and three dimensional graphics and animation For your convenience the Visual MODFLOW installation program allows you to install a complete set of input data files and simulation results for the example model that you will build The instructions for the tutorial are provided in a step wise format that allows you to choose the features that you are interested in examining without having to complete the entire exercise Description of the Example Model 14 The site is located near an airport just outside of Waterloo The surficial geology at the site consists of an upper sand and gravel aquifer a lower sand and gravel aquifer and a clay and silt aquitard separating the upper and lower aquifers The relevant site features consist of a plane refuelling area a municipal water supply well field and a discontinuous aquitard zone These features are illustrated in the following figure REFUELLING AREA SUPPLY o WELLS Taree RIVER The municipal well field consists of two wells The east well pumps at a constant rate of 550 m day while the west well pumps at a constant rate of 400 m day Over the past ten years airplane fuel has periodically been spilled in the refuelling area and natural infiltration has produced a plume of contamination in the upper aquifer This tutorial will guide
82. n the numerical simulations in either project mode or batch mode Output Visualize the model output simulation results using contour maps color maps velocity vectors pathlines time series graphs scatter plots etc Setup Select the numeric engine for both the flow and transport simulation s Help Get general information on how to use Visual MODFLOW A Microsoft compatible mouse perform as follows Left button This is the regular click button By holding it down on top of an input box and dragging the mouse it will also highlight the characters that will be overwritten by the next typed character Right button This button has different functions depending on the context For example it closes polygons or ends a line during the assignment of properties boundaries etc During grid design it also locates grid rows or columns on precise co ordinates Using the right button brings up a sub menu to copy paste delete etc The lt Alt gt shortcut keys can be used to access toolbar items and to select many buttons and can be used anytime an item or button text has an underlined letter Simply press the lt Alt gt key and the letter key at the same time to access the item or select the button The number and letter keys are active only when numerical or text input is required all other keys are ignored by Visual MODFLOW Screen Layout After opening a Visual MODFLOW project and selecting the Input module a screen l
83. on 3 Adding Pumping Wells Section 4 Assigning Flow Properties Section 5 Assigning Flow Boundary Conditions Assigning Aquifer Recharge to the Model Assigning Constant Head Boundary Conditions Assigning River Boundary Conditions Section 6 Particle Tracking Module II The Contaminant Transport Model Section 7 Setting Up the Transport Model Section 8 Contaminant Transport Properties Viewing Sorption Properties Assigning Dispersion Coefficients Section 9 Transport Boundary Conditions Section 10 Adding Observation Wells Module III Running Visual MODFLOW Section 11 MODFLOW Run Options MODFLOW Solver Options Dry Cell Wetting Options Section 12 MT3DMS Run Options MT3DMS Solver Settings MT3DMS Output Times Section 13 Running the Simulation Module IV Output Visualization Section 14 Head Contours Displaying a Color Map of Heads Section 15 Velocity Vectors Section 16 Pathlines Section 17 Concentration Contours Section 18 Concentration vs Time Graphs Module V The Visual MODFLOW 3D Explorer Section 19 Starting the Visual MODFLOW 3D Explorer Section 20 Changing the View Preferences Section 21 Using the Navigation Tools Section 22 Creating a 3D Contaminant Plume Customizing the Color Legend Selecting Output Times Section 23 Visualizing Model Input Data Section 24 Defining Surfaces Cross Sections and Slices Section 25 Creating a Cut Away View Section 26 Creating a Color Map of Head Values Customizing the
84. one Hame Layer fi _ Fecharge zone 1 f Mew E E Edit selected rowfs or column Start Time day shop Time day Recharge mm yr o 7300 100 v OF Cancel 7 New to create a new Recharge zone The Zone will increment to a value of 2 and the zone color preview box will turn blue Enter the following values Stop Time day 7300 Recharge mm y 250 OK to accept these values The grid cells in the Refuelling Area will be colored blue to indicate they contain values for Recharge Zone 2 Now return to the full view of Layer 1 F6 Zoom Out Assigning Constant Head Boundary Conditions The next step is to assign Constant Head boundary conditions to the confined and unconfined aquifers at the north and south boundaries of the model Use the correct overlay picklist on the left hand toolbar to switch from Const Head the Recharge overlay to the Const Head overlay scroll up the list to find Const Head Yes to save your Recharge data The first Constant Head boundary condition to assign will be for the upper unconfined aquifer along the northern boundary of the model domain To do this you will use the Assign gt Line tool to assign a Constant Head boundary condition to a line of grid cells located along the northern boundary Assign gt Line from the left hand toolbar Move the mouse pointer to the north west corner of the grid top left grid cell and click
85. oolbar The JP 4 Parameters Database window will appear as shown in the following figure The default distribution coefficient Kd 1 0e 7 L mg was specified during the setup of the transport numeric engine Notice that six Separate zones were created one for each layer of the model This was done to accommodate the different capabilities of the various transport engines supported by Visual MODFLOW The Kd values for each zone can be modified to accommodate heterogeneous soil properties and reactions throughout the model domain However for this example you will keep it simple and use a uniform Distribution Coefficient for each layer of the model se OK to accept the current settings Assigning Dispersion Coefficients The next step is to define the dispersion properties for the model 7 Properties Dispersion from the top menu bar You will be asked to save your data es Yes The Visual MODFLOW program automatically assigns a set of default values for each of the dispersivity variables The following table summarizes these values Longitudinal Dispersivity Horizontal to Longitudinal Ratio Vertical to Longitudinal Ratio Molecular Diffusion Coefficient ooo It is possible to assign alternate values for the longitudinal dispersivity by using the Assign gt option button from the left toolbar 46 Assign Single The default dispersivity value will be displayed If you have spatially variable dispersion at your
86. orial you will not be simulating any decay or degradation of the contaminant so the default Reactions settings of No kinetic reactions will be fine Below the Sorption and Reaction settings are four tabs labelled e Species e General e Model Params e Species Params In the Species tab you will see a spreadsheet view with labelled column headings The last two columns are labelled with MODFLOW variable names For a better description of each of the variables hold the mouse cursor over the column labels to display a text bubble The chemical species being simulated in this model is JP 4 Visual MODFLOW allows you to use the real names of the simulated chemicals in order to easily identify them in the contour maps and graphs Enter the following information for the chemical species Designation JP 4 Component Description Spilled Jet Fuel Mobile Yes SCONC 0 SP1 1e 7 To add a new species select the New Species button located beneath the spreadsheet New Species Note The MT3DMS MT3D99 and RT3D transport models allow for multi species contaminant transport MT3D150 and MT3D96 allow only a single species to be modeled Conc002 Type TCE However for this model you will use only a single species the spilled jet fuel Delete Species Yes to delete TCE The species information is now set up properly and should appear similar to the figure shown above This completes the setup for the Transp
87. ort Engine You are now ready to exit the Transport Engine Options dialog box OK A Replace Variant dialog box will appear where you will have the option of re initializing and saving the new variant settings or saving your changes as a new variant For this tutorial we will replace the previous settings for the original variant Var001 with the new settings OK You will now be returned to the Main Menu of Visual MODFLOW Section 8 Contaminant Transport Properties In this example the only reaction that will be simulated is linear equilibrium adsorption of a single dissolved species the diesel fuel compound JP 4 However depending on the complexity of the problem you are dealing with your model may be required to have several different zones with different sorptive and reactive properties distribution coefficients decay coefficients and yield coefficients for each dissolved species in the model 45 In Visual MODFLOW the properties and processes for the transport model are assigned using the same types of graphical tools as you used for assigning the model flow properties Viewing Sorption Properties For this tutorial you will not need to modify the Distribution Coefficient value you defined during the transport model setup but you may examine the sorption parameter values as follows Input from the Main Menu of Visual MODFLOW Properties Species Parameters from the top menu bar Database from the left t
88. put section allows the user to graphically assign all of the necessary input parameters for building a three dimensional groundwater flow and contaminant transport model The input menus represent the basic model building blocks for assembling a data set for MODFLOW MODFLOW SURFACT MODPATH ZoneBudget and MT3D RT3D These menus are displayed in the logical order to guide the modeler through the steps necessary to design a groundwater flow and contaminant transport model The Run section allows the user to modify the various MODFLOW MODFLOW SURFACT MODPATH MT3D RT3D and WinPEST parameters and options which are run specific These include selecting initial head estimates setting solver parameters activating the re wetting package specifying the output controls etc Each of these menu selections has default settings which are capable of running most simulations The Output section allows the user to display all of the modeling and calibration results for MODFLOW MODFLOW SURFACT MODPATH ZoneBudget and MT3D RT3D The output menus allow you to select customize and overlay the various display options for presenting the modeling results Getting Around In Visual MODFLOW The Main Menu screen contains the following options Fie Input Run Output Setup Help File Select a file utility or exit Visual MODFLOW 10 Input Design modify and visualize the model grid and input parameters Run Enter or modify the model run settings and ru
89. r 5 to Layer 6 Now view the model in cross section along a column to see where the Constant Head boundary conditions have been assigned View Column from the left toolbar Move the mouse into the model domain and select the column passing through the zone of discontinuous aquitard A cross section similar to that shown in the following figure should be displayed viewing column 29 isual MODFLOW D Tutorial Airport ymf ar001 a i iDol x File Grid Wells Properties Boundaries Particles ZBud Tools Help Column J Layer K View a cross section along a column The hydraulic conductivity property colors can also be displayed at the same time _ F9 Overlay and The Overlay Control window will appear providing a list of available overlays that may be turned on and off Use the Overlay List Filter to display only the Properties overlays lt M Prop F Conductivities 7 OK to display the Conductivity overlay 39 40 The grid cells in the middle two layers of the model Layer 3 and Layer 4 should be colored dark blue to indicate they belong to Conductivity Zone 2 Now return to the layer view of the model domain View Layer button from the left toolbar Move the mouse into the cross section and select Layer 1 Assigning River Boundary Conditions If you look closely at the sitemap you will see the Waterloo River flowing along southern portion of the model domain
90. r options dialog box should appear as shown below aq C O Head Equipotentials E x Contours Color Shading Ranges to color Mininauire fi 5 5 ra Basic point Maximumj19 m Max V fis a Cut off Level Upper Level Jo T Lower Level Jo M Use Color Shading OK to accept these settings A colormap of the head equipotentials for the top layer of the model will be plotted according to the default color scale selected above Before you proceed with this exercise you should turn off the color shading option to avoid the long screen refresh times required to redraw the colormap Options from the left toolbar Reset to re establish the default contour line settings Click on the Color Shading tab O Use Color Shading to remove the Y OK Section 15 Velocity Vectors Velocity vectors are an excellent way to visualize the speed and direction of a water particle as it moves through the flow field To use this tool Maps Velocities from the top menu bar to view the velocity vectors You will automatically be transferred to the Velocity Vectors output options screen as shown in the following figure The velocity vectors will be plotted according to the default settings that plot the vectors in relative sizes according to the magnitude of the flow velocity isual MODFLOW D Tutorial Airport4 mf ar001 4 a Oj x File Maps Graphs Tools Help View Column
91. rmats including e Maps Contour lines color maps pathlines velocity vectors calibration bubble plots e Graphs Calibration scatter graphs calibration frequency histograms time series graphs mass balance graphs and zone budget graphs Upon entering the Output section Visual MODFLOW will automatically load the available Output files for Head HDS Drawdown DDN and Concentration UCN for all output times Once these data files are loaded the Output screen will appear with the following items in the top menu bar File Save the settings Export to a graphics file Print the display screen and return to the Main Menu Maps Select a map type to display the modeling results in plan view or cross sectional view see list above Graphs Select a graph type to display and interpret the modeling results Tools Open the Cell Inspector to view cell by cell values or open the Annotate screen to add text lines shapes and arrows to the model display area Help Access general information about Visual MODFLOW The first time the Output section is opened Visual MODFLOW will display the site map and the head contours for the current layer row or column see figure below When the 55 Output display settings are modified Visual MODFLOW will always display the most recent Output display settings isual MODFLOW D Tutorial Airport4 ymf ar001 E oj x Fie Maps Graphs Tools Help View Column P
92. rs of the Conductivity property zones as shown in the figure below viewing column 36 isual MODFLOW D Tutorial Airport ymf gt lol x File Grid Wells Properties Boundaries Particles ZBud Tools Help view Column Loe os Ti 702 3 2 eS Row I Column J 36 Layer K Fi F2 F3 FY F5 F6 F F8 El paa 2 Vert Over g MAEN AE 2354 ean aa S ST a Conductivity edit module Although the region where the aquitard pinches out is very thin the Conductivity values of these grid cells should be set equal to the Conductivity values of either the upper or lower aquifers To do this you must return to the layer view of the model View Layer and click on Layer 3 In this particular example the zone of discontinuous aquitard is indicated on the DXF sitemap see Zone of Discontinuous Aquitard on page 15 However in many cases this will not be available on a sitemap and you will need to rely on other indicators such as layer thickness for determining zones where the hydrogeologic units pinch out To display the thickness of layer 3 F9 Overlay button from the bottom toolbar An Overlay Control window will appear as shown below containing a listing of the available overlays which may be displayed while assigning model input parameters 31 32 Overlay Control E x Overlay Orde User Defined i Default Settings
93. rt in current layer Time markers W Visible f Regular every fioo foo i Custom Color scheme f Direction highlight Segments highlight Inward I Maroon Dutward EE Navy In Plane Hi Green ki _ Add p lt Deletdhs Insert Deletaks Inse Cancel In some instances you may want to see how far a contaminant might travel in a given amount of time For instance to see how far the pathlines would go in 7300 days Travel time and enter a value of 7300 The Time markers should already be selected as M Visible Enter a time marker interval as Regular every 730 day OK to view the time related pathlines up to a time of 7 300 days Notice that only one of the particles reaches the water supply wells after 20 years but the remaining particles have not yet reached the wells Now view the pathlines in cross section to see a projection view of the pathlines as they travel through the different layers of the model e View Column from the left toolbar Move the cursor across the screen until the highlight bar is in the vicinity of the zone of discontinuous aquitard and click on it The cross sectional view clearly shows all of the pathlines travelling horizontally in the upper aquifer and then vertically downwards to the lower aquifer through the hole in the aquitard Return to the plan view display of the model by selecting the View Layer button from the left toolbar and th
94. s For the purposes of this tutorial the following terms and notations will be used Type type in the given word or value Select click the left mouse button where indicated press the lt Tab gt key press the lt Enter gt key ee click the left mouse button where indicated 15 Ss double click the left mouse button where indicated The bold faced type indicates menu or window items to click on or values to type in denotes a button to click on either in a window or in the side or bottom menu bars Getting Started On your Windows desktop you will see an icon for Visual MODFLOW ee pp Visual MODFLOW to start the program Module I Creating and Defining a Flow Model Section 1 Generating a New Model The first module will take you through the steps necessary to generate a new model data set using the Visual MODFLOW modeling environment File from the top menu bar e New A Create new model dialog box will appear S on the Tutorial folder Create new model File name ainport Save as Ippe Visual Modflow project vmt Cancel Create a new data set by typing Zz Type Airport in the File name field se Save Visual MODFLOW automatically adds a VMF extension onto the end of the filename Next the Model Setup is described in three consecutive steps In Step 1 the following window is used to select e the desired Numeric Engines for the Flow and Transport simulation e Unit
95. s m al rr at E Oil ft Mg P A pi P AA E AA PEP z A a Te A A r is a 2 AIRPOR ee 4 A m fy lo if Oe i AA PA Ce NA A Export Layer gt o G w ij Tf x 1002 1 Y 1014 8 2 17 8 e a E5 Row D 38 600 00 1200 satel cola Column 7 31 F5 om F6 Zoom Fe FS Vert F3 Quer i Output Time 1 00000 day Stress period 1 Time step 1 Section 14 Head Contours By default the contouring algorithm will automatically choose contour settings where the minimum maximum and interval values are attractive However if you do not like the default contour interval or line color you can customize the contour map settings To access the contouring options for Head Equipotentials amp Options from the left toolbar The C O Head Equipotentials dialog box will appear as shown below ta C O Head Equipotentials E A x Contours Color Shading J Automatic reset min max and interval values Automatic contour levels Minimum fi 55 m m Custom contour levels Maximum 9 m Interval 0 25 m Contour Label Jw Visible 2 Decimals Color Navy Width fi E Contouring resolution Speed 4 Highest Slowest k E Add bx Deletdpe Insert Reset OF Cancel Enter the following values Interval 0 25 56 Decimals 2 You can also change the contouring speed and resolution by clicking on the combo box labelled Contouring
96. s associated with various flow and transport parameters e Start Date of the model 16 loj x A D Tutorial Airport vmf Stepi Select Numeric Engines Start Date ray 2 2002 Flow mode Units Numeric Engine USGS MODFLOW 2000 fromwH Length meters Simulation Type Time day z Conductivity msee Transport Mode Pumping Rate mza Numeric Engine fovea ii DoD MT3DMS v 3 00 4 Public Domain eevee Sorption Mass kilogram kai No A SEUSE E Concentration miligrams iter Reactions No kinetic reactions 4 Back Next gt Cancel For the Flow model the following Numeric Engines are available e USGS MODFLOW 96 from WHI e USGS MODFLOW 2000 from WHI e MODFLOW SUREFACT from HGI In this example MODFLOW 2000 is selected Note In the current release of the Visual MODFLOW ver 3 1 the transport options for MODFLOW SURFACT are not supported So if the MODFLOW SURFACT is selected for the Flow Model the Numeric Engine for Transport Model will automatically be disabled For the Transport Model the following Numeric Engines are available e MT3D96 e MT3D150 e MT3DMS e RT3Dv1 e MT3D99 e RT3Dv2 5 In this example MT3DMS is selected Depending upon the selected Transport Engine you will also have the option of choosing from a selection of available Sorption methods and Reactions In this example No Sorption and No kinetic reactions are selected The Units section of the above di
97. same color and shape as the calculated values but the observation data point symbols are slightly larger to make it easier to distinguish them This graph can also be presented using a log scale for the concentrations amp Right Click on the graph to see a popup menu _ Properties A Properties dialog window will appear with a comprehensive selection of settings for customizing the appearance and settings for the graph Under the Y axis section properties ee x lt M Logarithm Anis Titles Series Legends General Info Minimum positive value to show for logarithmic scale f E 14 oO 2 ae Y axi Automin Name Time days F Name Concentration mg L F Minimum 1e 4 mais 9 Cad v ai WO oi M AutoMin Minimum 95 52319 M AutoMin Minimum 1 4 se Close W AutoM ax Maximum 7395 533 M AutoMax Maximum 2424 759 axis position at ydo Y axis position at 0 goo i r x labels i r F Logarithm D Inverted Logarithm Inverted Live update The Concentration vs Time graph should appear as shown below Concentration vs Time D Tutorial Airport4 7 E oO x File Edit wiew Options Help SBE be BHAA RL A2Q09 BR MR Aas Concentration vs Time OW Al Observed JP 4 OAN AC Calculated JP 4 OWA Observed IP 4 OW2 A Calculated JP 4 OWS3 A Observed IP 4 OWSA Calculated y JP 4 IL1 Layer 1 W1 0Wwl W2 0W2 W3 0W3 103 102
98. ssign gt Window button in the left hand toolbar allows you to assign a different hydraulic conductivity inside of a rectangular window Assign 2 Window Move the mouse to the north west corner of the grid and click on the centre of the cell Then move the mouse to the south east corner and click on the centre of the cell This creates a window covering the entire layer A Conductivity Assign Window will appear as shown below 29 30 Conductivity Assign Window m Zone fi New ms Hydraulic conductivity in direction ms Hydraulic conductivity in direction ms Hydraulic conductivity in Z direction Cancel New The whole grid will turn blue and Zone will increment to a value of 2 To enter aquitard conductivity values click beside the Kx and enter the following values in the Value column Kx 1e 10 Ky 1e 10 Kz 1e 11 7 OK to accept these values Now copy the hydraulic conductivity properties of Layer 3 to Layer 4 Copy gt Layer from the left toolbar A Copy layer window will appear as shown below M Select all highlighted zones I Layer 4 OK to copy the Conductivity Property Zone in layer 3 to layer 4 Now view the model in cross section to see the three different hydrogeological units View Row and click on a row through the Zone of Discontinuous Aquitard The upper aquifer aquitard and lower aquifer units should be plainly visible by the different colo
99. tion outlines the steps necessary to complete a simplified transport model For the purposes of this tutorial the focus will be on the basic setup using MT3DMS the public domain contaminant transport program e F10 Main Menu from the bottom toolbar You will be asked to save your data e Yes Setup Numeric Engines Transport The Select Transport Variant window will appear as shown in the following figure a Select Transport Yariant E Oj x Variant Name I3 Total number of species 1 Transport Engine MT3DMS Number of mobile species 1 Model Name No kinetic reactions Description Sorption or dual domain transfer Reactions No sorption simulated No kinetic reactions Save As Edit New OK Cancel Visual MODFLOW supports all of the latest versions of the public domain programs for contaminant transport modeling including MT3DMS v 4 MT3D99 and RT3D v 2 5 In addition Visual MODFLOW also continues to support older versions of MT3D including MT3D96 and MT3D v 1 5 In order to support all of the available options for the multi species reactive transport programs Visual MODFLOW requires you to setup the initial conditions for the contaminant transport scenario e g number of chemical species names 43 44 of each chemical species initial concentrations decay rates partitioning coefficients etc Each scenario is referred to as a Transport Variant and you can have more tha
100. tware from our team of qualified groundwater modeling professionals Waterloo Hydrogeologic has been developing groundwater software since 1989 and our software is recognized accepted and used by more than 10 000 groundwater professionals in over 90 different countries around the world This type of recognition is invaluable in establishing the credibility of your modeling software to clients and regulatory agencies Visual MODFLOW is continuously being upgraded with new features to fulfill the clients needs About the Visual MODFLOW 3 1 Demo If you are evaluating the demo version of Visual MODFLOW you will be able to use all of the same graphical features and functionality as the fully licensed version of Visual MODFLOW for creating modifying and visualizing three dimensional groundwater flow and contaminant transport models These capabilities include e importing maps e designing the finite difference grid e assigning and importing data for model properties and boundary conditions e visualizing the result in two and three dimensions and e printing and exporting the model data However you will NOT be able to run the actual simulations for the model data sets you create The translation process and numeric engines have been disabled in this demo version If you are interested in a 30 day evaluation of the fully licensed version of Visual MODFLOW please contact a Waterloo Hydrogeologic representative for instructions on downloading the e
101. umn and row being viewed Co ordinates Area Shows the current location of the cursor in model co ordinates and shows the current cell indices on which the cursor 1s located Status Line Describes the functionality and use of the feature currently highlighted by the cursor Function Buttons F1 Help Opens the general help window g Helo F2 3D Opens the Visual MODFLOW 3D Explorer m Mi ae a F3 Save Saves the current data for the model T TE Er F F4 Map Import and display DXF SHP or BMP site map files Map a Poon F5 Zoom in Enlarge the display of a selected rectangular area in p mE F6 Zoom out Resets the display area to show the entire model domain out F7 Pan Drag the current view of the model in any direction to display a Mi Pan different model region nm J F8 Vert exag Set the vertical exaggeration value for viewing cross sections along a row or column ert mn oo FEl iue F9 Overlay Opens the Overlay Control window to make selected Atay overlays visible and to customize the priority order in which they appear Main Ehl Men F10 Main Menu Returns to the Main Menu screen 13 Visual MODFLOW Pro Tutorial This document contains a step by step tutorial to guide you through the process of using Waterloo Hydrogeologic s Visual MODFLOW Pro 3 1 This tutorial will guide you through the steps required to e Design the model grid and assig
102. utton next to the acronym of the desired solver and the associated solver parameters will be displayed For this example the WHS Solver will be used to calculate the flow solution 7 OK to accept the WHS Solver Dry Cell Wetting Options During flow simulations it is common for cells to become dry when the water table drops below the bottom of the grid cell The dry cell thus becomes inactive and will NOT be able to re wet unless the cell wetting option is activated By default the cell wetting option is not active when a new model is created Therefore the cell wetting option must be manually activated as follows MODFLOW Rewetting 51 The Dry Cell Wetting Options dialog will appear as x shown in the figure on right hand side er lV Activate cell wetting Wetting threshold 0 1 s Wetting interval IWETIT fi iterations The remaining default settings for the Dry Cell Wetting Wetting method From below WETDRY lt 0 Options are fine for this model From sides and below sg ail gt 0 Note the addition of two non standard options at the Wetting head o i z bottom of this dialog In instances where you are using a E E Calculated from threshold IHD WET gt 0 parameter estimation program like WinPEST the Woting fact WETFCT 1 automated parameter adjustments that take place during i ead value in dry cells the iterations may cause dry cel
103. valuation program What s New in Visual MODFLOW The main interface for Visual MODFLOW has the much of the same user friendly look and feel as the previous versions of Visual MODFLOW but what s under the hood has been dramatically improved to give you more powerful tools for entering modifying analyzing and presenting your groundwater modeling data Some of the more significant upgrade features in the latest versions of Visual MODFLOW are described below New Features in Visual MODFLOW 3 1 Support for the MODFLOW SURFACT Package Visual MODFLOW now supports the advanced groundwater flow modeling capabilities of MODFLOW SURFACT This powerful numeric engine has been developed specifically to address many of the limitations of the standard USGS MODFLOW codes and to bring groundwater modeling to a higher level of sophistication MODFLOW SURFACT utilizes special numerical methods and powerful solvers to avoid the solution convergence problems caused by dry cells to gracefully handle surface ponding caused by excessive recharge and to redistribute well pumping rates from over pumped cells to underlying cells MODFLOW SURFACT also includes a rigorous treatment of unsaturated zone flow processes for simulating groundwater flow and soil vapor flow in the vadose zone These new simulation capabilities open up a whole new set of possibilities and opportunities for you to expand and improve your groundwater modeling expertise A brief overview
104. w 1 Layer 1 kimni vomj nia Layer Mo 1 19 0 m The default location for the cross section is a horizontal straight line from the left side to the right side of model domain In this example you will modify the default cross section line such that it cuts along a path from the North Central region to the South Eastern region of the model In some 3D visualization packages the cross sections are required to be straight lines through the model domain With 3D Explorer the cross sections can be defined along any polyline through the model domain These polylines are defined by a series of vertices By default the cross section starts with just two vertices a straight line but new vertices can be easily added by Right Clicking on the cross section line at the desired location of the new vertex To modify the existing cross section Drag the left vertex to a point just North of the Refueling Area Drag the right vertex to the southeast corner of the model domain Right click on the cross section line and select Add vertex A new vertex will appear on the line This vertex can be dragged to any location on the map Drag the new vertex to a location just southwest of the region where the aquitard pinches out as shown on the figure below Right click on the cross section line again and select Add vertex Drag the new vertex to a location just southwest of the region where the aquitard pinches out as shown on the figure below
105. window around the supply wells and click again to view the selected area To add a pumping well to your model Add Well Move the pointer to the top left pumping well and click the left mouse button to add a pumping well at this location A New Well window will appear prompting you for specific well information a New Well D gt H Model coordinates C World coordinates well Name Pumping well xfi 415 m Y 535 m Z 1 82 m Screened Intervals b WK Screen Bottom m Screen Top rm ple S P I a 0 3 S sa Se A AA ral Uttar Ibe een m ceo es PS OOE Pumping Schedule gt a amp a ee Ce ee Start day End day Rate m 3 d 0 00 7300 4 2219__________ Bad El 0 24h43 IV Active Cancel Enter the following information Well Name Supply Well 1 1415 Y 535 gt lt K 27 To add a well screen interval Click in the column labelled Screen Bottom and enter the following values Screen Bottom m 0 3 Screen Top m 5 0 Notice the well screen interval appears in the well bore on the right hand side of the window The well screen interval can be modified by clicking and dragging the edge of the well screen to a new top or bottom elevation To enter the well pumping schedule click the left mouse button once inside the text box under the column labelled End days and enter the following information End days 7300
106. y displays the different aquifer Recharge zones to help you assign the Recharge Concentration values in the appropriate areas Once again zoom in on the area of interest at the Refuelling Area F5 Zoom In and stretch a zoom window over the refuelling area Assign the concentration to the natural recharge entering the model at the refuelling area Assign gt Polygon from the left toolbar Move the mouse around the perimeter of the Refuelling Area clicking on the corners of the area with the left mouse button then Right Click to close the polygon The area will become shaded in a pink color and the Assign Recharge Concentration dialog box will appear prompting you to enter the following Code 1 Stop Time day 7300 JP 4 mg L 5000 7 OK to accept these recharge concentration values F6 Zoom Out to return to the full screen view of the model domain 47 Section 10 Adding Observation Wells In the final step before running the simulation you will add three concentration observation wells to the model to monitor the JP 4 jet fuel concentrations at selected locations down gradient of the Refueling Area The first observation well OW1 was installed immediately down gradient of the Refuelling Area shortly after the refuelling operation started The other two observation wells OW2 and OW3 were installed two years later when elevated JP 4 concentrations were observed at the first well You can add the Conc
107. yer 3 lt Import bottom elevation of Layer Layer 3 Minimum Layer Thickness 1 0 7 OK to select the remaining default settings The bottom of Layer 3 will then appear with a variable layer surface 25 26 To obtain a finer vertical discretization of the model grid you can also subdivide each of the layers From the left toolbar Edit Grid gt Edit Layers A Layers dialog box will appear lt Refine by and enter 2 in the box Moving the mouse into the model cross section will highlight the deformed layer lines Place the mouse at the line corresponding to ground surface top of layer 1 and click there Then move the mouse at the line corresponding to bottom of layer 1 and click there A deforming layer division will be added at vertical mid point of layer 1 Repeat the same steps to sub divide the middle confining layer layer 2 of the model and the lower aquifer layer 3 When you have completed these instructions Close to exit the Layers dialog box The model cross section should now consist of six layers and should appear similar to the following figure when viewing row 38 isual MODFLOW D Tutorial Airport ymf ar001 3 E je Ea File Grid Wells Properties Boundaries Particles ZBud Tools Help inn Edit Elevation E a in r at E E Contouring x 548 8 Te 1s Z 24 6 Row I 38 Column J Layer K View a cross section along a row Use the

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