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1. M 11 Figure 10 platom palanc PE 0 NN T om 12 Figure 11 Lysimeter sensor distribution box sese ee eee eee 13 Figure 12 T8 Tensiometer see ee ee eee 12 Figure 18 MPSS SEDSOP T 13 FOUG 14 STE EU E E 14 Figure 15 feedback control of the lower hydraulic boundary condition u024u0444008n0 Ran nenn ket kk ERE ERE nenn nnnnennne nenn nnnnonnne nenn nennen 15 Figure 16 air entrance into the suction cup in the Lysimeter Doom sese eee ee eee eee ee eee 16 Figure 17 USB data read OUL 18 Figure 18 example of daily transmitted DBD data on the FTP Server sees eee eee 19 Figure 19 file structure and sorted Excel files on umsdataview de eessssessssssssssseeeeeee nennen nennen nennen nnne nnn nn 20 Figure 20 Monitor the logger page of QEN sese 21 EIgure 21 contiguradon webDadge Ol GEN ea date ban Forteduui E 22 FIGURE 22 CHannel vanaBble BY NAME DOVO 24 FOUG 23 TIER SOC ON nee een een 25 Figure 24 tensio c ON Gong NR rEg SE FS ee ee E 26 Figure 25 tensioCON battery stalie eee 27 Figure lt adjusting ana e pigeat ee 29 Seite 62 von 65 MA Smart Field Lysimeter Figure 27 orientation and angle of the solar panel depending on the location sse ee eee 30 Figure 28 cutting the tubes correctly eee eee e eee ee 31 Figure 29 inserting and removi
2. 2164 l Water Balance for 17 09 2009 SUIT Seen seseque ue icis P SW ET AS 0 m 5 97 1 43 2 67 1 87 0 2162 P Precipitation mm Seepage Water mm 2161 Evapotranspiration mm I SES ST S Change in Soil Water Content mm ea G 2160 E eee EK EE ee eee 2158 Lysimeter mass kg T Lysimeter mass Seepage water mass kg Precipitation time minutes Evapotranspiration time minutes 2156 17 09 2009 17 09 2009 17 09 2009 17 09 2009 17 09 2009 17 09 2009 17 09 2009 17 09 2009 18 09 2009 00 00 03 00 06 00 09 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 00 00 Figure 37 evapotranspiration This example shows the calculation for one day based on a Lysimeter with a surface of 1 square meter So one kg correlates to one mm Interpretation of data based on events 00 00 01 30 dew amount of 0 3 mm 01 30 07 00 nothing happens 07 00 17 00 ET 2 2 67 mm 17 30 19 00 rain event with 3 5 mm 20 45 22 00 rain event with 2 17 mm 22 00 24 00 no dew after rain event Precipitation for this day is 5 97 mm ET for this day is 2 67 mm The drainage bottle increased weight of 1 43 kg so ground water recharge capability was 1 43 mm The Lysimeter weight increased at this day from 2160 00 kg to 2 161 87 kg so the change of water amount in the Lysimeter is 1 87 kg The calculation is based on the expertise and experience of the Wagna Lysimeter where different kinds of rain
3. To set a temporary change of the measurement or data storage please look at the table with the function of the schedules and the intervals see Fehler Verweisquelle konnte nicht gefunden werden schedule D is executed every 10 min To accelerate the execution to 5 min enter the command RD5M see also the DT80M manual Seite 40 von 65 User entry RD5M schedule D every 1 min answer Datataker 2 Immediately all sensors in the Lysimeter 1 are read and stored every 5 min Please note Heading sensors via the serial SDI12 interface takes some seconds During this time the data logger is blocked and the reaction time may increase The program be comes instable if there is not enough time between reading time and the start of a new schedule Therefore a minimum time for the execution of schedules exists You find them in the following table Table 6 min and max schedule run times Schedule Function Standard Min Max interval A SeraremevaltensoCON tmn imin 8 B system omn Tm day D Senordsalysmetri Tom 6min Td Sensor data Lysimeter 2 10 min 5 min 1day optional Sensor data Lysimeter 3 10 min 5 min 1day EN OMNE Sensor data Lysimeter 4 10 min 5 min 1day EN HEN OH fwee aig S SFTP Upioad ida rar 7dmys 9 2 1 2 Changing the program permanent For permanent changes the same rules apply as for temporary ones For a change you start the config web p
4. 500 kPa 3 3 Sensor 5TE Lysimeter Figure 14 5TE sensor The three 5TE sensors measure the volumetric water content the electrical conduc tivity and the temperature of the soil The 5TE uses the Echo Technology an FDR Frequency Domain Response based technology which is widely spread to measure water content in soil and other porous materials 3 4 VTENS Lysimeter The VTENS or virtual Tensiometer is the controlled boundary condition in the bottom of the Lysimeter cylinder The value of a reference Tensiometer is controlled at a ce ramic surface by a vacuum controller VTENS is there the actual measurement value directly within the ceramic At the boundary layer of the ceramic to the soil bottom the potential is identical In principle VTENS is therefore a 4 matrix potential value di rectly above the Lysimeter bottom Contrary to MPS2 matrix potential values this val ue can work also at zero or respectively even into the over pressure range water level inside the Lysimeter The limits of the VI ENS are set by the reference value of the Tensiometer and the air entrance point of the ceramic surface When it is met at approx 80 kPa air en ters spontaneously the measurement value breaks down to zero and the feedback control can no longer work correctly The VTENS is not a sensor located in the bottom Instead of this a reference tube is lead out which leads to suction cups in the Lysimeter bottom This tube is connected
5. A UMS measure to know omartField Lysimeter User Manual Contents 1 HOLE OI TTT d ga ce snare 4 PCN OS USE RETE UU soa TU UU TUTTI 4 2 System configuration c C 5 2 1 Logger box and related COmpOonentS sss sese eee eee 6 2 1 1 Wate logging and Controller ucro ret reete errato pac treat es 6 ZR TEE 1 109 U Pr 7 2 1 3 SEL Pump Controller sees eee eee 7 2 1 4 Rechargeable sein TT 7 2 15 o idola 8 2 IONE BOX dC PCI 8 2 241 FUMO HEDE EB UTEN BOX ernten eee 9 2 2 2 Drain water borile sse 9 2 2 9 Drain water Balance Pe ana 9 2 2 4 Aliquot sample taking option ese ee eee ee eee 10 2 3 LVSImeter 11 2 3 1 Lysimeter balance PL 50 100 200 2 220222200200000000 onen nnnnnnnnnn nenn 11 2 3 2 Lysimeter sensor distribution box sse eee eee 12 SEE D LIC REUS 13 3 1 Reference Tensiometer T8 Field sese eee 13 3 2 Matrix potential sensor MPS2 Lysimeter see 13 3 8 DENSON DTE TEVSIIIOEOE anne 14 3 4 VTENS Lysimeter 2002200222002nsennnennnnnnnnennnenennnnnnonnne nenn nnnnennne nnn ra 14 4 Feedback control of the lower hydraulic boundary condition 14 Nie As OUNO TT T T TU TT TMTMUMMT 14 Z2 RON WOKO occum sme ux IR DEEP M ee een 15 4 3 LIMO ING Seen ee ee 15 5 Data logger DT80M EE 16 5 1 Connections to the device u00220002ssennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nenne nenne nenne nenne nennen 16 5 1
6. Please shorten the 4 mm and 6 mm tubes to the necessary length Do not use a usual side cutter but a special tube cutter It is important for getting perfect tightness to clip the tube with a precise cut Seite 30 von 65 Smart Field Lysimeter E Figure 28 cutting the tubes correctly Make sure you insert and remove the tube correctly When you insert the tube put it into the fitting and after internal contact push it ap prox 1 cm in When you remove the tube press the blue ring until you have removed the tube Please note If the tube has not been pushed to the very end stop the connection is blocked Seite 31 von 65 Inserting the tube m After 1st contact inside p gt push in approx 1 cm further gt Y _ Removing the tube Push blue ring and keep pressing ui While pulling the tube out lt q Figure 29 inserting and removing the tubes Seite 32 von 65 M Smart Field Lysimeter 7 4 Autoconfig function With the Autoconfig function of the data logger you need to configure components of the Lysimeter for the intended operation also when you retrofit components In principle all sensors are connected to a common measuring bus that distinguishes the sensors by their addressing To reduce the configuration effort the Autoconfig function has been developed The function distinguishes between device ty
7. T8 Tensiometer Material and dimensions Ceramic Al2Os sinter air entry pressure gt 15 000 hPa length 60 mm 24 mm Housing PA6 GF30 shaft Notch impact resistant PMMA 25 mm 1000 hPa 1000 hPa elektronical 850 hPa 1000 hPa physical 850 hPa OhPa Tensiometer 0 hPa 1000 hPa Piezometer 30 C 70 C Accra Pressure 5hPa Temperature 0 2 K 10 30 C 0 4 K 30 60 C wey T 0 0 0 000000 Supply voltage Vin 6 18V DC 3 mA nominal max 20 mA Resistance to chemicals PH range pH 3 pH 10 Limited to media that do not etch silicone fluoro silicone EPDM PMMA and polyether imide Seite 57 von 65 NI Y 5TE Volumetric Water Content Measuring range Water contents Apparent dielectric permittivity a 1 air to 80 water Elektrical conductivit 0 23 dS m bulk Soil temperature 40 C 50 C Accuracy Volumetric water content a 1 a unitless from 1 40 soil range 15 from 40 80 Using Topp equation 0 03 m m 3 VWC typical in mineral soils that have solution electrical conductivity lt 10 dS m e Using medium specific calibration 0 01 0 02 m m 1 2 VWC in any porous medium Electrical conductivity b from 0 7 dS m user calibration required above 7 m omart Field Lysimeter Soil temperature 1 C Resolution Matrix potential 4 0 1 a unitless from 1 20 lt 0 75 a unitless from 20 80 VWC 0 00
8. drain water balance with drain water bottle and levelling plate Seite 9 von 65 2 2 4 Aliquot sample taking option tie 4 Co Figure 8 apparatus for aliquot sample taking As an accessory a aliquot sample apparatus can be delivered The function is to de termine the mass of drained substances at each drainage event Therefore the flask takes an aliqout sample ratio of about 5 of the water flux drained into the drainage bottle The flask of the aliquot sample taking is mounted to the drain water bottle and thus part of the weight balance The sample taking is set up in a way that water runs only into the flask when water is pumped from the Lysimeter to the drain water bottle If the pump works in reverse direction a valve blocks the water flow So you get water samples in the flask accord ing to drainage events while the drainage bottle gives you the bulk composition Seite 10 von 65 2 3 Lysimeter The Lysimeter consists of the Lysimeter cylinder and all parts that are mounted to it It is located in a 1 m distance from the Field Box and is connected with it by cables and tubes lying in a protective tube matrix potential probe MPS 2 water content probe 5TE tes 3 eee ete Bu Lysimeter collar Lysimeter bottom equipped with novel suction cups sensor port 6x sensor distribution box Lysimeter cylinder VTENS port platform balance pump tube Lysimeter housing Fi
9. solarpanel 1 V ble X solarpanel 2 mas pins Seite 54 von 65 M omart Field Lysimeter Pin assignment sensor distribution box VTENS Signal Cable color Function Pin 6 18VDC EE NN GND shield GND 2 nc Jnotcomecded 3 S yelow analog signal out 5 A black _ RS48A A X X 2 6 B bu amp RS485B 7 SD2 red 3 X jSDMl2 8 Pin assignment Pump and Distribution Box reference Tensiometer Signal Cable color Function Pin 6 18VDC LT GND brown GND BE S S 3 BE e H E TB RS485 B SDH2 red BDI 5 Bl TE i RI isl 7 j Bl id E male 8 pins female 8 pins Seite 55 von 65 M omart Field Lysimeter Pin assignment Pump and Distribution Box drain water balance Signal Cable color Function Pin V white 6 18VDC 1 ND brown 0 2 nc 05 nR RS485 A 6 B X bue RS485 B female Sins SDH2 red SD 8 Pin assignment Pump and Distribution Box Lysimeter balance Signal Cable color Function Pin V white 6 18VDC 1 GND brown GND 2 nc green Inc d 3 S yellow X VTENSSigl 4 St grey VTENSSignal 5 A pink X R9S48A 6 B fbe amp RS4855B 7 Sbi2 rea sSbH2 8 female 8 pins Seite 56 von 65 NI Y Smart Field Lysimeter F Technical data
10. 1 Conneccion Vid USB usce uci dibe ciant ise iru eirca cus be incu Ra dcdit nsn 16 5 1 2 Connection via Ethernet eee eee ee ee ee eee 16 5 1 3 Connection via GPRS 8G Remote see eee eee 17 5 1 4 UMS SIM COG nun 17 Se Data Tete Valse see en M IM ee eee ee 17 9 21 DATA TO VA m mI 17 522 BS Leis e TT 18 5 2 3 GPRS 3G modem integrated cccccccsseceseeeesseeeeeeeeseeceseeeeseeeseeeeeees 18 5 3 System access internal services nnn 20 5 3 1 Access to the data logger with dEX M GW G G sssssseeree erne rer ES 20 5 UAM 21 a 21 5092 gt GOMMand INE ACS rare 21 SEG Hah ears eT e ee 22 54 1 Datalogger Program CONTO 1 22 5 4 2 Runtime settings Channel variables eeeeeeeeeeeeeee 23 6 Power Management 24 Seite 2 von 65 MA Smart Field Lysimeter 6 1 tensioCON charging controller seeeeseeeeeseeeeeeeennnenen nnn 24 6 2 Battery management actions usnuuensnenennennnenennnennnnnnenennnennnnnenenenennnnne nennen 27 7 MStalatl n NOTES zen ns 28 7 1 Adjusting the Lysimeter and drain water bottle esssseuuessse 28 7 2 Adjusting the solar panel see eee 29 7 3 Connecting the tubes and adjusting the cables eessssusss 30 7 AOC risk Tee LO ee ea AMEN EPIRI RCM ent 33 ES eeel 33 MEME Tr
11. Hardware Reset Hole External Power Connector Plug Pack Power Connector Figure 40 connections and reset hole Figure 42 analog input Seite 50 von 65 B Connection diagram Wi mE i Loggerbox LS2 LS4 are optional W1 W1 Connection Logger Multifunktion Connection Logger Multifunktion EC 8 5 50 W1 W1 EC 8 5 50 Connection Logger Multifunktion Connection Logger Multifunktion EC 8 5 50 EC 8 p 50 LS1 LS2 LS3 LS4 Lysimetersegment Lysimetersegment Lysimetersegment Lysimetersegment T n indus e y 1 1 1 mom nn 1 x A z i s i i l l i 3 p i 2 FB1 FB2 FB3 IE FB4 Fieldbox Fieldbox E Fieldbox Fieldbox i i i W2 W2 W2 W2 Conneftion Lysimeter Scale and Probes EC 8 1 5 Connection Lysimeter Scale and Probes Connection Lysimeter Scale and Probes Connection Lysimeter Scale and Probes i EC 8 1 5 EC 8 1 5 i EC 8 1 5 A i i 1 i i i I i 3 i a i 1 E i l i E i i i i L1 s i L2 01 L3 L4 i
12. Power Ausgang 4 Upload Hilfe Figure 24 tensioCON configuration register Seite 26 von 65 Smart Field Lysimeter 4 My tensio CON e amp SS Eigenschaften Konfiguration Kanal Konfiguration Aktuelle Messwerte Gespeicherte Messdaten 12 35V 348mA 320mA OmA OmA always on input tiggered always on ka input triggered Xn M p_e Upload OK Abbrechen Hife Figure 25 tensioCON battery state 6 2 Battery management actions In schedule A the data logger checks all measurement values and status of the ten sioCON Usually this happens once per minute The values are stored as channel variables Table 3 variables for battery management Function Def Type Description Battery management hull Battery Voltage IN Battery current V Battery under Logger load sensors disconnected from battery mA current from battery positive val ues discharge Ah 96 Battery charging Battery state of charge SOC mA current to logger during measuring positive values logger discharges battery mA all Lysimeters mA Lysimeter 1 and 2 optional mA Lysimeter 3 and 4 optional Logger current 7CV Pump controller current 8CV sensors Lysimeter 1 2 9CV sensorsLysimeter 3 4 CV 1CV 2CV CV CV 5CV 7CV 8CV 9CV eS EN EN EN RE RE 50V Solar Panel current Tee mA current from sol
13. confused with the FTP client that stores the data on an external web server see 5 2 3 1 FTP upload standard 5 3 3 Command interface Via the command interface you can configure and read out the data logger All en tries into the command interface use the Datataker command syntax The access to the command interface is done transparent over the logger s IP address and TCP port 7700 The dEX web interface offers in Monitor the logger a simple access to the command interface For a connection with minimized data transfer a terminal program supporting TCP sockets like ZOC or Putty is recommended Even when a program configuration is active any command can be executed man ually E g a measurement of any channel can be executed once by entering the command syntax In the data logger manual you will find all information on the use of the command in terface Seite 21 von 65 Smart Field Lysimeter user entry 21V measurement of channel 1 clamp answer Datataker 256mV gt Please note A misuse of the command interface can very easily disturb the function of the pro gram and e g interrupt the data storage 5 4 Change configuration The data logger configuration can be changed using the web interface or the com mand interface respectively Two different levels are to be distinguished 5 4 1 Data logger program config The logger program is stored permanently in the logger and can be changed with configure
14. months see Figure 19 With every upload of the logger the file will be created new This is usually done once a day Please note The SIM card and the service are included in the Lysimeter basis set for the first year To extend the use please contact UMS If you do not need this service please send back the UMS SIM card Thank you Seite 19 von 65 1 9 SFL 098104 Backup La 2013 1 Daten Filename Filesize Filetype Last modified ba CONFIG_2013 11 xls 3 049 984 Microsoft Exce 14 11 2013 05 16 09 CONFIG 2013 10 xls 3 142 208 Microsoft Exce 01 11 2013 05 16 29 Figure 19 file structure and sorted Excel files on umsdataview de 5 3 System access internal services 5 3 1 Access to the data logger with dEX dEX ist the integrated web interface of the data logger You need a web browser with Adobe flash support on your computer You can retrieve the current logger status and change its configuration Additionally certain activities can be executed online dEX is an interface that exchanges relatively big data packets with the web browser When you start dEX the approx 1 MB application is uploaded into the cache of the browser Even if it is possible in principle it does not make sense to use dEX via a metered internet connection GPRS dEX works via USB cable or Ethernet connec tion dEX distiguishes two modi after a select page in the web follow two areas Monitor the logger Status d
15. spectively optimize the orientation and angle during operation The solar panel of the SmartField Lysimeter does two jobs 1 Supplying energy 2 Shielding the logger box from sun radiation The orientation of the panel is related to the markers glued to the mast to the south on the northern hemisphere and to the north on the southern hemisphere Seite 29 von 65 Please note wrongly orientated mast fixed in the ground cannot easily be corrected and even tually has a negative influence on the power supply The energy consumption and the power of the solar panel always depend on local conditions In general there is an energy surplus in summer In winter a lack of ener gy may happen so that the system May restrict its operation So it is important to optimize the panel adjustment based on winter needs It is a good rule of thumb to fix the angle at 30 related to the marker Of course you can adjust the angle according to the season Please check the battery values regularly in the system schedule see chapter 6 1 tensioCON charging controller Please note As the angle of the SmartField Lysimeter s solar panel should be optimized for winter operation it is steeper than the recommended angle for operating solar plants most efficiently Northern hemisph sun li Southern hemisphere T Figure 27 orientation and angle of the solar panel depending on the location 7 3 Connecting the tubes and adjusting the cables
16. this will have a very heavy impact on weight measuring data The data will be instable and in many cases it has a high dependence on temperature Figure 38 57 00 56 50 T ut 54 50 Lysimeter Scale Drainage Scale 54 00 53 50 Figure 38 mechanical contact leads to temperature dependent fluctuations 10 4 2 2 Plants and snow cover Check if the plant cover at the top edge has a negative influence on the free move ment of the Lysimeter If the plant cover sprawls over the edge cutting it back makes sense Seite 47 von 65 snow cover on the Lysimeter has a negative influence on the weight measurement data as forces from outside are transferred to the Lysimeter First snow event in creases weight s soon as weight of surrounding snow cover interferes due to snow crystals onto the Lysimeter you will see strong ripples in your data due to snow self compaction processes careful cut free gives good data for a short time but new snow fall or ice will influence these after a while again Please note s winter operation of the Lysimeter is restricted anyway due to drainage frost shut downs this condition should be marked for balancing and then be filtered 10 4 2 3 Wind and vibrations Stronger wind can cause the Lysimeter swinging which leads to noise in the meas urement values see Figure 39 spikes and dropouts in measurement series Also a vibration of the ground e g caused by a nearby highway ca
17. with the sensor distributor Here a precision pressure sensor and an evaluation elec troncs are situated So the VIT ENS is located in the sensor distribution box 4 Feedback control of the lower hydraulic boundary condition Contrary to gravity Lysimeters which only drain overpressure water or free water the omartField Lysimeter works with a drain water feedback control due to field condition having the real field condition inside the Lysimeter 4 1 Background Water in the soil always flows from spots of higher pressure or matrix potentials to spots of lower matrix potentials After rain e g the soil surface has free water the matrix potential or pressure potential is here close to 0 hPa The water is sucked downwards by the dry soil with its negative or smaller potentials and following gravity Seite 14 von 65 When the soil surface dries out it is just the other way round The water flow turns as the surface has now the lower potential evapotranspiration The water in older gravity Lysimeters can only run off when it can drain freely that means at potentials of zero hPa what is equivalent to a groundwater level So these Lysimeters are in times of high precipitation rates always too wet This influences the whole Lysimeter Vice versa they dry out too much in times of low precipitation as no water is supplied from the bottom Here is the big advantage of the SmartField Lysimeters Their feedback control measures the water po
18. 08 m m 0 08 VWC from 0 to 50 VWC Electrical conductivit 0 01 dS m from 0 7 dS m 0 05 dS m from 7 23 dS m Soil temperature 0 1 C Supply voltage Vin 3 6 15V DC 0 03 mA stand by 10 mA max for 150ms o 40 C 50 C Seite 58 von 65 NI Y Smart Field Lysimeter MPS2 Matrix potential sensor Measuring range Supply voltage Vin 3 6 15V DC 0 03 mA standby 10mA max for 150ms EEE Accuracy Matrix potential 10 kPa for 10 kPa to 100 kPa 25 of the measurement value for 75 kPa 500 kPa Soil temperature Operating temperature o p 40 C 50 C VTENS virtual Tensiometer BE 1000 hPa 1000 hPa electrical 850 hPa 1000 hPa physical Soil water tension 850 hPa OhPa Tensiometer Water level 0 hPa 1000 hPa Piezometer pu Power supply Supply voltage Vin 6 18V DC Seite 59 von 65 omart Field Lysimeter G Technical terms tensioLINK tensioLINK is a registered trademark of the UMS GmbH tensioLINK is a serial bus for sensors and devices Apart from the sensors all devices in the SmartField Lysimeter communicate via tensioLINK tensioLINK is based on the international standard EIA 485 and RS 485 in the 2 wire version tensioLINK adds on this bus system a propietary protocol Well known other protocols using RS 485 are e g Modbus and Profibus The tensioLINK protocol is multi master compliant and communicates usually with the tr
19. 2 LevelControl L2 Manual Setpoi L2 Setpoint LevelControl L3 Manual Setpoi L3 Setpoint L4 LevelControl L4 Manual Setpoi L4 Setpoint A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A Figure 34 NAMEDCVS response Seite 39 von 65 Table 5 pump system variables Variable Function Lysimeter Result Comment 1DSO 0 1 4 Complete shut down of the Cuts off the power pump system supply of the pump system 1DSO 1 Pump system activated Normal operation Sue x S BE hh 6pjoV a 2 Co NN SP MEE BEDV reference value of impact on au the Lysimeter on SP hPa tomatic operation 9 2 Changing the system configuration 9 2 1 Storage intervals schedules As a standard the weight values for each Lysimeter are stored with a 1 min resolu tion All other sensor values and system characteristics are stored every 10 min These intervals have proved themselves as good practice and provide the best ratio of resolution and storage density Balancing formulas are optimized to these inter vals Of course you can set your own intervals within certain ranges In principle the change of a storage interval is possible in runtime without interrupting the program The disadvantage of this is after a reset or power failure the data logger starts again with the standard values To store the changes permanently the values need to be changed in the program config 9 2 1 1 Changing in runtime temporary
20. Lysimeter Lysimeter Lysimeter Lysimeter mn e ER J ER E T aa PN l Figure 43 cable connections omart Field Lysimeter C Serial bus diagram SDI12 4 SDI12 3 SDI12 2 SDI12 1 HE za mw RES ci C Un Un Un am LE E S RS 485 ensor u B E i ved rd rd Port r E NIIN DD TT CN L EN NE C Z 2 d d U LL 2n jt A E a gt tensioCON ac an Lysi 1 Figure 44 serial bus scheme Seite 52 von 65 NA omart Field Lysimeter D Connections on the bottom of the logger box service connector for tensioLINK tensio VIEW solar panel connector 3 further Lysimeter connectors cable inlet for optional AC Power supply 1st Lysimeter connector cable inlet for optional sensor equipment Figure 45 bottom view of logger box connections Seite 53 von 65 omart Field Lysimeter E Connector pin assignment Pin assignment DT80M Lysimeter plugs 1 4 Signal Cable color Function Pin LOUIE IS 1 P brown pump 2 S green JVTENSsigal 3 yellow VTENS signa a PO 3 gey T DUD 5 A pink RS484A X X 6 B bu X RS485B 7 SD2 red SDMA GND shield GND SHD gt Pin assignment DT80M solar panel power Signal Cable color Function Pin V brown S
21. S 3G SIM card you can contact the data logger via mobile phone net work Please note It is possible to set up an internet connection with the data logger by using an ordi nary SIM card That means the device can e g store data on a FTP server but there is no bi directional access to the device It is not accessible from the internet For this you need a M2M card that enables connections in both directions and offers a public IP address 5 1 4 UMS SIM card The scope of delivery includes a SIM card installed in the data logger This card ena bles the UMS service people to access the command interface of the data logger e g to update the software or to retrieve the status of connected sensors For technical reasons it is not possible to access this interface from the customer s end Additionally this SIM card can be used to upload data from the logger to any server in the internet Please note A 1 year use of the UMS SIM card is included in the sales price of the Smart Field basic set After this you can extend the use at favorable conditions 5 2 Data retrieval There are several possibilities to read out measurement data from the DT80M 5 2 1 Data format The device can store measurement data in 2 different formats either as a CSV or a DBD file Datataker Binary In a CSV file the data are separated by comma or sem icolon Schedules are shown in a sequence You can set internal profiles settings to a certain degree t
22. Te omo Do comen 34 8 1 Regular service eee eee 34 8 1 1 Filling and emptying the drain water bottle 34 8 1 2 Filling the Tensiometer css eee eee ee eee eee 34 8 1 3 Degree of freedom of Lysimeter and drain water bottle 35 ule Exchanging Spare Balls en 35 8 1 5 Exchanging ING arylmdealfidge s cute eeceten etit ob ee dete ee 36 8 2 Trouble shooting in the neide sees eee 36 8 2 1 Checking the electrical energy supply eee eee eee e eee e e eee 36 8 2 2 Checking the data logger css 37 8 2 3 Resetting the data 099er aaa 38 8 3 WIDter ODE AO N een 38 9 EXDEILIUNCLONS icsi aR EE 39 OT PUMP SYS IE en UT T UT 39 9 2 Changing the system configuration eseeeeeeeeeeeeeeen nen 40 9 2 1 Storage intervals schedules see eee eee 40 ENE it eqq er 42 10 Interpreting the measurements essere eee 42 10 1 dnnuence or DUMP i lt 42 10 2 Balancing the weight values eee ee ee eee 43 10 3 Calculating the precipitation and evapotranspiration 44 103 1 POCA g ETT TT MUST 44 10 32 EAPO ANSI AN OM sess cesiaei tam idau terae namen 45 TOS EU EISEIFER 47 104 AWS and GITOIS ee id neid enda pdidm edid edd 47 10 4 1 Battery state of charge SOC 47 10 4 2 Negative influence on weight values see eee eee ee ee ee 47 10 4 3 Dropouts and spikes in measu
23. a logger DT80M 596 Permanent power supply of the data logger It can initial ize the energy saving mode itself 2 pump controller 1DSO 2596 Pump controller and pump o jUmeesr a I mm 3 sensors Lysimeter 1and 2 2DSO 1096 All Lysimeter sensors and 4 sensors Lysimeter 2 and 3 3DSO 1096 All Lysimeter sensors and The tensioCON can be connected with a PC For this a tensioLINK USB converter and the related software from UMS are necessary By this software you can configure e g the internal switching functions and the switch off conditions Also a change of the charging curve is possible if a different battery with known capacity is used This capacity must be entered into the tensioCON so that it can work properly Only then it can determine the exact SOC Of course all values are pre set for the SmartField Lysimeter 4 My tensioCON Ludi x Eigenschaften Konfiguration Kanal Konfiguration Aktuelle Messwe te Gespeicherte Messdaten 73 tensio UNK user output switching input triggered 2 Gerateinformationen user output enable soc cut 1 rg Datenlogger user outputz cutoff point 10 J System user output trigger input digital IO 1 SDI user_output tiggerinvet 0 ig dig user output currenilimit 50 A 0 1 igi user output2 cutoff function retry digital lO 3 SDIT2 user output cutoff timeout 60s user outputz switching timete 0 0 Power Ausgang 1 Power Ausgang 2 Lg Power Ausgang 3 pg
24. age of the DT80M Click on the left hand side in the pro gram tree on the schedule entry and change the measuring interval in the graphical diagram of the configuration Save the program upfront on your laptop After activating the new program on the logger the new storage intervals will be used Seite 41 von 65 Please note If UMS updates your standard program your new storage intervals will be reset When you transfer the changed program all previously stored measurement values will be deleted So please download the data upfront by manually executing schedule J FTP upload 9 3 SMS alarms At moment SMS alarms have not yet been integrated in the data logger program In the future messages are planned e g for drain water bottle full drain water bottle empty frost alert battery alert etc The function SMS alarms is already available in the data logger You can use it yourself to send alarms to a certain mobile phone number For more details see the DT80M manual 10 Interpreting the measurements 10 1 Influence of pump times In the SmartField Lysimeter the feedback control of the lower hydraulic boundary condition works very precisely and in a wide range However you can identify the in fluence of the pump times on the measurement data The pump a bi directional peristaltic pump is run clocked l e it is not the rotation speed that is controlled but the pump time During a pump period the pump always ru
25. ansfer parameters 9600 baud 8N1 Based on the robust construction of RS485 up to 128 participants can be linked together over cable lengths up to several kilometers http de wikipedia org wiki EIA 485 http www ti com lit an sllaO 70d sila0 70d pdf tensioVIEW tensioVIEW is a registered trademark of the UMS GmbH tensioVIEW is a easy to use software that supports devices and sensors with the tensioL INK interface For this usually the tensioLINK USB converter in the PC is connected to the tensioL INK bus For the different types of devices tensioLINK provides descriptions and functions which with the following operations can be executed listing devices linked to the bus retrieving status data retrieving measurement data configuring operating parameters storing measurement data of several devices over any long periods of time reading out stored measurement values from the sensors Seite 60 von 65 N U H Sensor table Channel Name Batt Volt Batt Curr Batt SOC Logger Box Temp Field Box Temp L1 Bottom Temp Lx LYW Lx SWW Lx Pump in Lx Pump out Lx REF TENS T4 Lx VTENS T4 Lx Echo T1 Lx Echo T2 Lx Echo T3 Lx MPS T1 Lx MPS T2 Lx MPS T3 Lx EC T1 Lx EC T2 Lx EC T3 Lx Temp T1 Lx Temp T2 Lx Temp T3 Lx Field Temp T4 Lx REF Tens Refill Type Voltage Current State of Charge Temperature Temperature Temperature Weight Weight Time Time Matrix Potential Matrix Potential Water Conten
26. ar panel Bid RE RE RE otandard settings are active as follows SOC gt 33 Seite 27 von 65 MA Smart Field Lysimeter gt Battery level ok all schedules are executed in normal intervals schedule B 1 min schedule C 10 min schedule D G 10 min pumps on sensors on modem stand by on SOC lt 25 gt Battery level low Energy consumption is reduced Data logger goes in power save mode pumps off sensors on modem stand by time reduced schedule B 1 min schedule C 10 min schedule D G 10 min SOC 596 2 Battery level critical Minimum energy consumption Data logger goes immedi ately in power save mode sensors off modem stand by off schedule B 1 min schedule C 1 h schedule D G off 7 Installation notes Please note This manual includes 3 separate single pages that describe and illustrate how to in stall the SmartField Lysimeters in the field Cutting the soil column Earthworks and basic setup Installation and start up These 3 pages focus on to dos in order to minimize reading time in the field If you need also background information then please read the following chapter 7 1 Adjusting the Lysimeter and drain water bottle Adjusting the Lysimeter and its balance as well as the drain water bottle and its bal ance are crucial for the quality of the measurement values Please make sure 1 The balances are levelled correctly 2 he layout of the cables and tubes to the Lysimeter ke
27. be the un marked pipe the de airing pipe De airing tube Please fill the Tensiometer when you are at the site Remove the black tub ing from the black marked pipe and press in water with the syringe deliv ered as long as bubbles drop from the open end You need max 20 ml of degassed water in the syringe To degas water close the half full syringe and apply vacuum by pulling the syringe piston Sample bubbles by turning the syringe upside down and around and push them out after wards Repeat this step about three times and fill the Tensiometer 8 1 3 Degree of freedom of Lysimeter and drain water bottle Each time you visit the site check the position of Lysimeter Lysimeter gently swing ing and if silicone sealing is o k Also take care of the drainage bottle not to touch the Field Box cover or cables and tubes otones and other foreign bodies that are trapped between the Lysimeter cylinder and housing have an extremely disturbing influence on the weight measurement If the measurement data show such an erroneous characteristic see chapter 10 4 2 1 but no mechanical contact can be identified also dirt in the narrow slot of the platform balance can be a reason 8 1 4 Exchanging spare parts 8 1 4 1 Pump head with tubes According to pump time activity it will be necessary to exchange the pump head The total pump time can be accumulated from measuring data You can identify a malfunction of the pump and the need of replacem
28. ead battery lightning protection N below 4x Lysimeter connector Figure 3 logger box and components 2 1 1 Data logging and controller The DT80M is on one hand a data logger All measurement data are logged and can later on be read out automatically or manually On the other hand this device also works as a controller of the SmartField Lysimeter functions The communication with the devices connected to it is partially bi directional Seite 6 von 65 NA Smart Field Lysimeter user inter face USB memory stick Ethernet analog inputs USB host digital and serial sensor inputs Figure 4 data logger DT80M 2 1 2 tensioCON The tensioCON controls the power management of the SmartField Lysimeter It charges and controls the built in 12 V lead battery 2 1 3 SFL Pump Controller Each of the up to 4 connected Lysimeters has its own pump controller It controls a bi directional peristaltic pump that is located in the Field Box The pump controller is in charge of precisely adjusting the matrix potential in the bot tom of the Lysimeter called the lower hydraulic boundary condition due to field con dition For more information see chapter 4 Feedback control of the lower hydraulic boundary condition The feedback control adjusts the lower hydraulic boundary condition Either to a reference value usually given by the reference Tensiometer that is con nected to the controller Ora manually fixed
29. ent by the measurement values of VTENS A leakage occurred or the motor shaft was slipping disengaged Both reasons visible in the measurement data lead to an increased pump activity If the pump head needs to be exchanged you can either send the pump box to UMS or order the pump head as a spare part Seite 35 von 65 For replacing the pump the pump box needs to be removed and opened Tdd MANIXROO L Awe Aq 6 Figure 32 pump head spare part 8 1 5 Exchanging the drying cartridge Two drying cartridges are delivered with the Lysimeter Set Each time when you are at the site please exchange the drying cartridge inside the Logger Box To regener ate it remove the plastic lid and place it in an oven at 130 C for four hours It looks orange when dry and transparent when wet Figure 33 drying cartridge 8 2 Trouble shooting in the field 8 2 1 Checking the electrical energy supply In normal operation the status LED of the tensioCON flashes in a 5 sec interval All loads switched on flash with it Seite 36 von 65 Table 4 LEDs energy supply Output Device Logger Switch off by Switched off by data logger 8 zi controller tensioCON at SOC 1 Data logger DT80 oo ES 2 Pump system 1DSO Only in case of failure 3 Lysimeter 1 2 sensors 2DSO Only in case of failure Lysimeter 3 4 sensors 2DSO Only in case of failure LED1 indicating the data logger function should always be on The tensioCON i
30. eps them mechanically flexible 3 Cables and tubes do not touch the outside of the Lysimeter cylinder and the drain water bottle Seite 28 von 65 Smart Field Lysimeter Figure 26 adjusting and centering the Lysimeter It is important that the top platform of the balance on which the Lysimeter or respec tively the drain water bottle stands is free to move Cable and tube are tied together and lead up in a loose loop see 7 3 Connecting the tubes and adjusting the cables All cables not being weighing related should be packed so that they have absolutely no contact with the mass to be weighed Any enclosure touch results in erroneous weight measurement see chapter 10 4 2 1 Freedom degree limited by contact The drain water bottle has to be placed exactly in the center of the Field Box oth erwise it can get in contact with the Field Box lid causing weight measurement errors too Place the Lysimeter exactly in the center of the Lysimeter housing During the instal lation stones and gravel may have fallen into the gap between Lysimeter and hous ing If so please remove them After having fixed the silicone sleeve gasket please check the function by slightly moving the Lysimeter with your finger it should start to swing a bit 7 2 Adjusting the solar panel Correct adjustment of the solar panel is crucial for the continuous operation of the system Please make sure you know how to correctly adjust the panel upfront or re
31. gure 9 Lysimeter 2 3 1 Lysimeter balance PL 50 100 200 The Lysimeter balance measures the weight of the Lysimeter cylinder and the soil column it Thus it registers the mass of water that flows to or from the Lysimeter caused by precipitation and evaporation on the top and drains from the Lysimeter at the bottom In order to increase the resolution and precision of the balances their nominal meas uring range is according to the SFL type and weight SFL 300 with PL50 nominal range 0 50 kg max 75 kg precision 7 9 SFL 600 with PL100 nominal range 0 100 kg max 150 kg precision 14 g SFL 900 with PL200 nominal range 0 200 kg max 300 kg precision 28 g Seite 11 von 65 Flap for fixing the Lysimeter Precision measuring transmitter Adjustable foot N Cable clip fastener for fixing tubes and cables Figure 10 platform balance PL 50 The balances PL100 and PL200 can be replaced by each other if needed The PL50 is less high and cannot be replaced by one of the others On the top platform are flaps for fixing the Lysimeter on the balance So the whole unit can be lowered down into the Lysimeter housing 2 3 2 Lysimeter sensor distribution box The sensor distribution box is directly mounted to the Lysimeter cylinder and does 2 jobs Three MPS 2 sensors and three 5TE sensors are connected to it Additionally a pressure sensor and an evaluation electronics measure the actual pressure VTENS For t
32. his the sensor is connected with the suction cups in the Ly simeter bottom see also 3 4 VTENS Lysimeter Only a thin cable runs from the sensor distribution box to the bottom platform of the balance to make sure the influence of the cable on the Lysimeter weight measure ment is minimal Seite 12 von 65 Sensor ports for MPS2 and STE sensors n ern Inside Pressure sensor for VTENS Tube for VTENS pressure connection to suction cup in the Lysimeter bottom Data cable to Lysimeter y bottom and data logger Figure 11 Lysimeter sensor distribution box 3 Sensors 3 1 Reference Tensiometer T8 Field CHR Figure 12 T8 Tensiometer The reference Tensiometer is dug into the soil close to the Lysimeter see separate page Earth works and basic set up The measurement values of the T ensiometer are used by the feedback control to adjust the lower hydraulic boundary condition 3 2 Matrix potential sensor MPS2 Lysimeter Figure 13 MPS2 sensor The MPS2 sensor measures the matrix potential or the tension respectively It uses the Echo technology to determine the water content of a porous matrix The water content within the porous matrix correlates with the matrix potential Seite 13 von 65 Because of the measuring principle this sensor does not work close to saturation that is gt 10 kPa On the other hand this sensor is maintenance free and works even in the dry range of
33. measurements have been compared with Lysimeter measurements since 2004 The scientific background is based on Prof Dr Johann Fank Joanneum Research Graz Seite 46 von 65 MA Smart Field Lysimeter 10 3 3 EtO Please note For the exact determination of EtO usually a radiation sensor and a wind sensor close to the Lysimeter are necessary 10 4 Flaws and errors 10 4 1 Battery state of charge SOC In winter a lack of energy may happen so that the system may restrict its operation Lack of energy can influence 2 system components An important load of the Lysimeter is the pumps for the feedback control of the lower hydraulic boundary condition If energy supply is tight this control function stops to work Also the update of the measurement data is restricted see chapter 6 Power Management If energy lacks completely the system shuts down and restarts not before the battery s SOC has met an acceptable value again If these problems occur soon and often you may reconsider the energy supply In some cases an optimization of the solar panel s angle may help Also increasing the capacity of the power supply may be a good idea The system is delivered with a mains supply circuit and can easily be connected to a permanent power supply from the mains 10 4 2 Negative influence on weight values 10 4 2 1 Freedom degree limited by contact If Lysimeter or drainage bottle has mechanical contact to the housing surrounding cables etc
34. med variables answer Datataker DT80 gt Namedcvs Batterie Voltage Batterie Current Batterie Charge Batterie SOC Solar Pan Curre Logger Current PumpController C L1 2 sensors Cur L3 4 sensors Cur L1 LevelControl L1 Manual Setpoi L1 Setpoint L2 LevelControl L2 Manual Setpoi L2 Setpoint L3 LevelControl L3 Manual Setpoi L3 Setpoint L4 LevelControl L4 Manual Setpoi L4 Setpoint A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A Figure 22 channel variables by NAMEDCVS 6 Power Management 6 1 tensioCON charging controller Charging and control of the 12 V lead battery is managed by the tensioCON This device provides the following functions solar charging for 12 V lead battery up to 120 Ah simultaneously measuring battery voltage and current exactly balancing the power charged and recharged to the battery controlling limiting values controlling 4 switching outputs externally controllable instead of relays switching off switch outputs at overload RS485 over voltage protection communication with the data logger DT80M via RS485 SDI12 Seite 24 von 65 tensioCON Figure 23 tensioCON The tensioCON determines several times per second the battery voltage the current to or from the battery as well as the current of the connected devices like data logger pump and sensors Based on the balance the energy consumption of the connected devices and the charging energy of a con
35. n lead to noise 10 4 3 Dropouts and spikes in measurement series Dropouts and spikes in measurement series belong to the most undesirable events although experience tells they happen again and again Reasons for this are e g lack of energy sensor troubles timing problems of measuring buses animals gnawing on cables and tubes corrosion etc Please note It is essential to react as fast as possible on events listed above This is only possible by continuously checking the measurement data Do not leave it to chance E g in measurement series a weight value can show a peak When analyzing visual ly or mathematically one will realize the measurement value represents a spike or respectively an outlier Either technical explanations dropout failure may exist or natural ones e g an an imal has run across the Lysimeter In many cases dropouts and spikes can be iden tified and filtered out If the measurement values are not pre filtered this can lead to wrong interpretations e g when calculating the precipitation Seite 48 von 65 Smart Field Lysimeter Doe font L1 LYW kg L1 SWW lva S ET wo oO wo 05 o a 0 3 g c o c gt L a poem nt Li Pump in s L1 Pump out s 0 0 04 11 05 11 06 11 07 11 08 11 09 11 10 11 11 11 12 11 13 11 14 11 15 11 Figure 39 spikes and dropouts in measurement series Seite 49 von 65 Smart Field Lysimeter 11 Appendix A DT80M
36. ndi cates failures e g rechargeable battery empty by flashing the status LED red Is the data logger still active reaction on pressing the button the battery state can be read from the logger display 8 2 2 Checking the data logger During measurements the device shuts the display off to reduce energy consump tion By pressing a button the display shows a message and the backlight goes on By pressing the buttons UP DOWN you can scroll through the display modi First the logger information shows then the measurement channels Dace 37 IND ANN aimee G2 44 c wv DT80M WS 3 0 Smart Field Lysi date and time data logger version and running job Modem Start Session Batterie SOC 86 scrolling through the measurement channels BEN smoke ti ih Seite 37 von 65 Please note The data logger runs the sensor measurements clocked Between the measurements the values are not updated This can take up to 10 min depending on the measure ment value and setting The values are always synchronized at midnight That means a schedule being executed every 10 min always starts at xx 00 min xx 10 min xx 20 min Xx 30 min xx 40 min and xx 50 min Also the execution of the schedule can take approx 30 sec as especially the retriev al of sensors with the SDI12 protocol is time consuming To provide a faster diagnosis in the field the function Update Data is provided Acti vate the function on the display and then wait ab
37. nected solar panel are calculated The bat tery state is determined by the energy charged and recharged and by voltage limits The tensioCON determines the following battery data battery voltage V battery current mA positive discharging negative charging SOC 956 state of charge The SOC is the most important information as this represents the current state of the battery Battery voltage and current are only momentarily values The tensiCON gives these data via the serial RS485 interface to the data logger Thus battery characteristic values can be stored and the data logger can switch into an energy saving mode if necessary The tensioCON switching outputs are connected to the data logger the modem the pump controller and the sensors The tensioCON is configurated in a way that the data logger is always switched on except for the battery s SOC being at a critical level The 3 other switching outputs are switched on and off by the data logger serially or by digital outputs Thus the data logger can minimize the energy consumption if needed o0 primarily the data logger controls the switching outputs and by this the connected devices If certain critical values have been underrun the tensioCON automatically switches off the devices as a final instance Seite 25 von 65 Smart Field Lysimeter Table 2 switching outputs of tensioCON Output Device Logger Switch off by Description controller tensioCON at SOC 5 1 dat
38. ng the keypad Alternatively this can happen automatically using a script on the USB stick For the data format on the USB stick converting tools are available see data format To copy the data automatically generate a file on the stick with the name ONINSERT DXC The file is a normal text file and consists of the commands the log ger executes when the stick is plugged in In this case enter the command COPYDATA using the keypad When you plug in the stick automatically shows Figure 17 USB data read out Please note The data logger DT80M processes only USB memory sticks with small capacity Not all sticks are compatible On the Datataker web site you can find a list of compatible sticks Preferably use small USB memory sticks 16 GB and check if they work reliably with the data logger 5 2 3 GPRS 3G modem integrated Data transfer via a metered connection using the internal modem of the DT80M 5 2 3 1 FTP upload standard To run this kind of operation certain parameters need to be entered into the data log ger like e g mobile phone service APN SIM PIN FTP server access data etc Seite 18 von 65 Smart Field Lysimeter These parameters are entered using the web interface see chapter 5 4 Change con figuration Everything is ready to operate when you use the provided UMS SIM card As a de fault the data are stored on the UMS web server umsdataview de In the web inter face of the logger you can change the FTP se
39. ng the tubes sssessssesseeseeseeeee nennen nnne nnne nnn nnne nnne rese riii ase ELSE saei sase sese isses asse sese LEE ES LSE LEE LER 32 FOUC O Neve ore ara nN Er DO e en Me MEN DN DIM MM ME MM MEM ME DI MI MU NIE 34 Figure 31 downwardly installation the marked pipe is the refilling tube the unmarked pipe the de airing pipe 35 POUES PUn uie SP Ar AT ee ee ee 36 Figure 33 drying gettie EM 36 Figure a4 NAMEDGVS TES PONSO nee 39 Figure 35 influence of pump times emm 43 Figure 36 water balance parameters eee eee ee ee eee 44 FUE d SAR FE e Te EET rn errr rrr Tt eer eer er rt TT er rT 46 Figure 38 mechanical contact leads to temperature dependent fluctuations eese nennen 47 Figure 39 spikes and dropouts in measurement series eee eee ee ee ee ee e ee eee 49 Figure FO connections and ro e NOO tee ee Reese E 50 Figure 41 front DATE Lienen craze a a a aa ET EEE TEE EEE TEEN 50 gie ure AZ analog INDIE nee 50 Figure da Cable eeii eo I II ETT ETT RTT TETTE 51 Figure 44 serial bus Scheme eee eee ee eee 52 Figure 45 bottom view of logger box connections essesi E nennen nennen nnne nn nnn nnne nnne isse isse isse asse arse arse arse anna nnn 59 Tables Table 12 marPField LySimeler Gala IOS Dr 07 e a EE TOTUM 23 Table 2 switching outputs of tensioCON u 222u0022nseenennennennennnnnennnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnennn nenne nnennennnnnennnnnennnnnensnnnnnsnn
40. nnnsnnennennennennennnnnennnnn 26 Tables VarlaDles for b ttery m n age MVS ee ee 27 Table Has U SUD DINE core ee ee een ee 37 Table 5 pump System ValiaDIBS oe een dee een rennen sense irren 40 Table 6 mimand FS Ta 1015 18 TTT 41 Seite 63 von 65 omart Field Lysimeter J References Latest data logger firmware and documentation on DT80M www datataker com downloads omartField Lysimeter installation manual Cutting the soil column www ums muc de omartField Lysimeter installation manual Earthworks and basic setup www ums muc de omartField Lysimeter installation manual Installation and start up www ums muc de omartField Lysimeter user manual this document www ums muc de omartField Lysimeter service manual www ums muc de General information on UMS products www ums muc de Seite 64 von 65 MA P omart Field Lysimeter c UMS GmbH Gmunder Str 37 81379 Munich Germany www ums muc de Contact Dipl Ing Andreas Steins Tel 49 0 89 12 66 52 18 as ums muc de Seite 65 von 65
41. ns with maximum speed The shortest running time is set to 1 sec Depending on the negative pressure and the air volume in the vacuum system this second of pump ing causes a visible peak of the value VTENS These discrete peaks can be monitored in the diagram see Figure 35 influence of pump times Compared to the complete dynamics and precision of the system these peaks do not really count Seite 42 von 65 M Smart Field Lysimeter HEC L1 REF TENS T4 kPa L1 VTENS T4 kPa 24 10 25 10 26 10 27 10 28 10 29 10 30 10 31 10 01 11 02 11 03 11 04 11 05 11 06 11 07 11 Figure 35 influence of pump times 10 2 Balancing the weight values By using the weight values of the drain water and the Lysimeter a precise balance can be calculated The Lysimeter delivers if set up and ran correctly the infor mation on precipitation with excellent precision On purpose a weight balancing has not been integrated in the Lysimeter program as this kind of evaluation is scientific Work Prerequisites for a high data quality are Technically correct measurement of the weights no contact of the Lysimeter to the housing side walls and the environment no snow no disturbing plant cover Filtering measurement series filtering laws and errors Avoiding interruptions e g drain water bottle full Data evaluation and verification before calculation missing data compensation manually Seite 43 von 65 10 3 Calc
42. o configure the CSV format CSV files are readable by any spread sheet program but they also have disadvantages 1 The format is country specific and different No international standard exists That is why the import of these data into a ta ble calculation often is erroneous Reformatting is time consuming 2 he format needs much memory space The storage in the ASCII CSV format needs many data so that a transfer via metered internet connection is expensive For the transfer to and storage on the FTP server usually the DBD format is used Data are stored compressed and independent of platform country and format To read the format you need an import tool The program DPLOT delivered on CD of fers integrated DBD support so that data can be visualized Additionally you can find Seite 17 von 65 in the internet an import filter for National Instruments Diadem as well as a command line utility from Datataker for the conversion of different CSV formats If the data have to be transmitted regularly e g daily it is a challenge not only to convert the data but also to merge the small files being transmitted automatically to a big evaluable file The UMS solution offers a service on the web server that converts data merges and sorts them see 5 2 3 2 5 2 2 USB memory stick In the field you can also use a USB memory stick to read out the data When you plug in the stick the function Copy logged data has to be done usi
43. ogger box can be set up much farer away Pump and Distribution Box drain water bottle drain water balance x m Ld Figure 6 Field Box Seite 8 von 65 NA Smart Field Lysimeter 2 2 1 Pump and Distribution Box The Pump and Distribution Box is located in the Field Box and has 2 tasks On one hand all components are connected to it the cable to the Lysimeter the drain water balance and the reference Tensiometer and the signals are distributed according to the connections On the other hand it houses the bi directional pump and the connection for the tubes This pump conveys water from the Lysimeter into the drain water bottle and the other way round 2 2 2 Drain water bottle The drain water bottle in the Field Box works as a buffer storage for surplus water or supply water respectively By collecting the water in a bottle an exact balance of the water budget in the Lysimeter can be calculated This kind of balancing is much more precise than a flow measurement 2 2 3 Drain water balance PL 10 The drain water balance measures precisely the weight of the drain water bottle and the water that runs to or from the Lysimeter bottom The resolution of the balance is usually 1 gram or optionally 0 1 gram Air pressure equalize hole E gt Drain water bottle Drain water balance Tube connector PL 10 Leveling plate Earth connector Figure 7
44. oller Lysimeter no x pump time in direction to drainage bottle Reference Tensiometer Type T8 in depth 4 Matrix Potential or Tension VTENS sensor in in Lysimeter depth 4 Matrix Potential or Tension Water content in depht 1 Water content in depht 2 Water content in depht 3 Matrix potential in depht 1 Matrix potential in depht 2 Matrix potential in depht 3 Electrical conductivity in depth 1 Electrical conductivity in depth 2 Electrical conductivity in depth 3 Soil temperature in depth 1 value taken from 5TE Soil temperature in depth 2 value taken from 5TE Soil temperature in depth 3 value taken from 5TE Field soil temperature in depth 4 value taken from T8 Tensiometer Field Tensiomter refill indicator O ok 1 refill Seite 61 von 65 omart Field Lysimeter Table of figures Figures Figure 1 separate parts of the manual dedicated to work in the held 4 Figure 2 Overall scheme System ANG co Mp OR ENES caua usuxkcniua nnda eeu raa nee D Figure 3 logger box and components sss sees eee ee ee eee 6 Figure 4 datalogger D LOOM 1 7 Sie lt edan MENT IL UTER 8 FOUG O FICO OX QUEE 8 Figure 7 drain water balance with drain water bottle and levelling late sese 9 Figures dpparabsdoralidHloEsamble aki seeded quiste ddiquitensii30Eiu10di194 0200215 000 40 0 014 450 40 29 910409 0004 4 0 DEODRER EEOFEEONDEON 10 Figure 9 Lysimeter NP T
45. out 30 sec until all schedules have been retrieved Then you can read off the new measurement values from the display 8 2 3 Resetting the data logger In case of a malfunctioning a data logger reset may help to solve the problem If the device still reacts this can be done by the command SINGLEPUSH also via re mote administration If the logger does not react you can try a hardware reset For this push an opened paper clip into the reset hole on the left side see Figure 40 connections and reset hole Please note A reset initializes the data logger program That means non permanent settings will be changed to standard values 8 3 Winter operation Depending on the location of the Lysimeter system winter operation can be limited or even impossible for two important reasons 1 Frost Frost prevents the operation of the drain water system and by this the feedback con trol of the lower hydraulic boundary condition In order to protect the system from frost damages the water should be emptied and pump function stopped 2 Energy supply In winter energy supply can be very limited The system switches then into the ener gy saving mode that restricts certain functions Please take care you make the system fit for winter operation If you expect strong soil frost empty the drain water bottle the aliquot sample taking and the pump sys tem After this turn off the pump system using the display function If the pump runs at temperat
46. ownload data command interface online Configure the logger permanent configuration program of the logger configuration of power supply SIM card display etc Seite 20 von 65 Smart Field Lysimeter Logger home Full screen About L Welcome Schedules Welcome to the logger monitor Storage Diagnostics Use the mouse to click on the menus shown on the left These menus are e Status provides details about the logger s status internal logs and storage Retrieve data retrieve part or all of the logged data for the current job s Measurement displays the logger s current data values as either a set of mimics or in a list Command provides a terminal interface to allow you to issue logger commands Help provides a variety of help for this interface and the logger in general Program Logger details Current job CONFIG Logger date amp time 2013 11 27 15 21 20 Logger type DT80LM3 3 Serial number 093433 Firmware version 9 08 3932 T Retrieve data Measurement Command Help Done System 2013 11 27 14 21 18 Figure 20 Monitor the logger page of dEX 5 3 2 FIP server The integrated FTP server offers access to the internal file system of the data logger E g you can initiate updates The FTP server is not really suitable to download measurement data For more information please see the data logger manual Please note The internal FTP server should not be
47. pe and connecting position There is a dedicated 8 pin plug on the logger box for each Ly simeter Each type of device exists only once within one Lysimeter line section Please note Immediately after having connected all delivered components execute the Autoconfig function by using the display functions of the data logger The configuration will run in the background No message will show in the display Please execute the Autoconfig function also after every change of your system e g when changing devices or upgrading the system At the moment it is not possible to cover 1 to 4 Lysimeter count with one logger con figuration For each Lysimeter configuration you need to load its own dedicated log ger configuration DA OO Wo S TED omart Field Lysi EUnet do 37 LO Sid lly ING GOI SALE v 7 3 Flooding The design of the Field Box and the Lysimeter enclosure is not waterproof Therefore select a place at your site which is representative and preferably not in a dell depression but at a higher lying location Platform balances are water protected Seite 33 von 65 MA Smart Field Lysimeter IP68 so short time flooding causes no damage but you need to empty clean and replace parts in the Field Box 8 Maintenance 8 1 Regular service 8 1 1 Filling and emptying the drain water bottle Please empty the drain water bottle to fill level when its weight has risen up to gt 9 kg Fill the bottle up when it
48. rement data Sensor data Lysimeter 1 10 min R L Retrieval of sensors averaging up date and storage of measurement data Sensor data Lysimeter 2 10 min R L Retrieval of sensors averaging Up optional date and storage of measurement data Sensor data Lysimeter 3 10 min R L Retrieval of sensors averaging up optional date and storage of measurement ls Sensor data Lysimeter 4 10 min Retrieval of sensors averaging up date and storage of measurement data E RET LS Autoconfig manual W Executing once the autoconfig func 3 E tion for the components FTP Upload 1 day W Setting up an Internet connection with the external FTP server and storage of the data after the last upload W Working R Return L Log optional mE 5 4 2 Run time settings Channel variables The data logger uses so called channel variables for calculating and provisionally storing measurement data They can be read and written Of course you have also by the command interface access to these variables Values can be read out and manipulated If these variables are used in the config program this can influence it The SmartField Lysimeter program uses some variables e g to control the pump system A special feature are named variables whose numbers are assigned to descriptions of the variables You can get a list of these variables by the command NAMEDCVS Seite 23 von 65 Smart Field Lysimeter User entry NAMEDCVS display of na
49. rement series ssssse 48 11 APPENODC e 50 A DTSOM 50 eeue leoi AG tz UO DT 51 Se hal DUS CAT QM mE OO OT 52 D Connections on the bottom of the logger DOX sse eee eee ee eee ee 53 E Connector pin assignment ee ee eee e eee 54 F Te s Tae ga Emenee ne ee en en eee eee 57 G Tecnica MR ANE TE RET 60 Fl TSO UO MT 61 aD OL TIGUIGS See ee 62 d WRET STOIC CS T m TT 64 Seite 3 von 65 1 Introduction 1 1 Notes to this manual Installafionsanleitung T von 3 Insfolabon Guide 1 of 3 installationsanieitung 2 von 3 insfaerbon Gude 2 of 3 Tata instollafionsarieitung von 3 instalation Guide 3 of 3 SMARTFIELD LYSIMETER SMARTFIELD LYSIMETER SMARTFIELD LYSIMETER Stechen der Bodensaule Erdarbeiten und Aufbau Cutting the soil column Earihworks and basic setup Installation und Inbetriebnahme Installahion and start up Figure 1 separate parts of the manual dedicated to work in the field Please note This manual includes also 3 single pages that describe and illustrate how to install the SmartField Lysimeters in the field Cutting the soil column Earthworks and basic setup Installation and start up These 3 pages focus on to dos in order to minimize reading time in the field whereas this user manual gives you background info
50. results would be too high if the durations were assumed too long Then precipitation and ET would almost can cel each other and the results would get too low Seite 44 von 65 At all the accuracy is still much better than every precipitation instrument we know so far as true surface situation is taken into account Rain events can clearly be identified in measurement series So one possible inter pretation method for assumed 10 minutes duration is as follows n weight data kg at time n in min The surface of the Lysimeter is 0 0707 m so a 1 kg increase of weight means 14 to 15 mm precipitation n kg n 10 kg 14 15 precipitation mm To compensate data uncertainties an average value is taken n 3 Ne n4 3 N 13 N 12 n441 8 14 15 precipitation mm If the precipitation is calculated below the tolerance threshold of 5 Grams the precipi tation is set to zero This means precipitation 0 0 035 0 10 3 2 Evapotranspiration As ET is not an event but takes place in low rates over longer durations it is recom mended to calculate this for one day using the water balance formula ET mm precipitation mm reduction of system weight kg 14 15 mm per day Please note If you have growing plants in the Lysimeter you need to continuously reduce the syst em weight by this amount of biomass Seite 45 von 65
51. rmation 1 2 Intended use omartField Lysimeters are most precise field setups to determine the precipitation and the evapotranspiration at true field condition Further they measure the drainage water amount to determine the ground water recharge capacity of a field site at a cer tain soil depth The determination is based on the weight changes of the Lysimeter soil column and a drainage water bottle Additional sensor equipment is measuring matrix potential volumetric water content and temperature at certain depths This enables the user for model calibration issues based on Richards s equation HYDROS 2 D and others where fluxes are calculated based on these data The Lysimeter directly measures due to weight the atmospheric interface which is any kind of precipitation like rain dew hoar frost and the first snow event as input parameters Further it measures the output parameters like evaporation transpiration and drainage To reach true water situation inside the Lysimeter the matrix potential in the field in the depth of the Ly simeter bottom is measured and transferred it into the Lysimeter Seite 4 von 65 2 System configuration Figure 2 overall scheme system and components Seite 5 von 65 2 1 Logger box and related components Up to 4 Lysimeters can be connected to the logger box solar panel GSM antenna logger box ae inside data logger DI80M tensioCON controller pump controller rechargeable l
52. rver and the access data Preferably you use the economical DBD format although you need to merge the data later on Ed SFL 098104 Filename Filesize Filetype Last modified 029 20131114T060010 DBD 107 488 DPLOT File 14 11 2013 05 03 07 028 20131113T060010 DBD 027 20131112T060010 DBD 026 20131111T060010 DBD 025 20131110T060010 DBD 024 20131109 T060011 DBD 023 20131108T060010 DBD 022 20131107T060010 DBD 021 20131106 T060010 DBD 020 20131105 T060011 DBD 019 20131104 TO60010 DBD 018 20131103T060010 DBD 017 20131102T060010 DBD 016 20131101 T060011 DBD 107 488 107 488 107 488 107 488 107 488 107 488 107 488 107 488 107 488 107 488 107 488 107 488 107 488 DPLOT File DPLOT F le DPLOT F le DPLOT File DPLOT File DPLOT File DPLOT File DPLOT File DPLOT File DPLOT File DPLOT File DPLOT File DPLOT File 13 11 2013 05 0 12 11 2013 05 0 11 11 2013 05 0 10 11 2013 05 0 09 11 2013 05 0 08 11 2013 05 0 1 27 1 16 1 15 1 15 1 20 1 17 07 11 2013 05 01 17 06 11 2013 05 01 18 05 11 2013 05 0 04 11 2013 05 0 03 11 2013 05 0 02 11 2013 05 0 2 08 1 30 1 15 1 16 01 11 2013 05 0 1 12 Figure 18 example of daily transmitted DBD data on the FTP server 5 2 3 2 umsdataview de server The data transfer to the server umsdataview de runs automatically when you use the UMS SIM card The server runs a service that provides your data as readable Excel files sorted by
53. s weight has fallen below 1 kg if there is an aliquot sample apparatus below 2 kg Do all the steps fast and meticulously This is important to not make the interpretation of your measurement data more difficult Pay attention to correctly removing and inserting the tubes see chapter 7 3 Connect ing the tubes and adjusting the cables Fill level In rainy seasons where only little water will flow into the Lysimeter it is recommended to set the fill level at 2 liters In dry seasons fill it up to 8 liters Please adjust the appropriate level due to your later experience BEEE full ERR fill level T 22 empty um M 4 Figure 30 fill level of the drain water bottle 8 1 2 Filling the T ensiometer 8 1 2 1 When do Tensiometers need to be refilled Tensiometers need to be refilled when the curve of the readings obviously gets flatter and flatter the Tensiometer filling indicator at the data logger display shows 1 the maximum of 85 kPa cannot be reached anymore but not until the soil is moister than gt 90 kPa Seite 34 von 65 If the soil gets dryer than 85 kPa the readings drop slowly towards zero by diffusion and slight leakage If the soil dries out to more than 1500 kPa 15 bar the readings drop to atmospheric pressure as air will enter the cup Syringe Figure 31 downwardly installation the marked pipe is the refilling tu
54. t Water Content Water Content Matrix Potential Matrix Potential Matrix Potential El Conductivity El Conductivity El Conductivity Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature Indicator Unit mA degC degC degC kg kg kPa kPa kPa kPa kPa mS cm mS cm mS cm C is C C bool Probe Type tensioCON tensioCON tensioCON DT80M PL10 PL 50 100 200 PL 50 100 200 PL 10 SFL PC SFL PC T8 SFL SDB STE STE STE MPS2 MPS2 MPS2 STE STE STE STE STE STE T8 T8 Schedule B B B B CD O O O D E F D E F D E F D E F D E F D E F D E F D E F D E F D E F D E F D E F D E F D E F D E F D E F Interval 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 1 min 1 min 1 min 1 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min 10 min omart Field Lysimeter Description Battery voltage Battery current positive values discharging Battery state of charge Temperature in Logger Box value taken from internal DT80M sensor Temperature in Field Box value taken from internal sensor of PL 10 balance transmitter box Temperature in Lysimeter 1 bottom value taken from internal sensor of PL 50 100 200 balance transmitter box Lysimeter no x weight Drainage bottle Lysimeter no x weight Lysimeter no x pump time in direction to Lysimeter calculated by SFL Pump contr
55. tential at the bottom and adjusts it continuously Thus the soil humidity the water flows and potentials in the Lysimeter are identical to the real field situation The length of the soil column does not need to be two meters to Minimize these errors of gravity Lysimeters 4 2 How it works In the Lysimeter bottom there are several suction cups with a porous ceramic surface which is in contact with the soil above it or the soil sample respectively The pressure or the negative pressure respectively in the suction cups is measured precisely by means of the VTENS sensor The pump controller drives in a pulsed way a bi directional pump to adjust the VTENS measurement value to a reference value The reference value is usually coming from the Tensiometer that is built in field close to the Lysimeter at the same depth If the Lysimeter is in hydraulic equilibrium the VTENS measurement value correlates with the value of a Tensiometer at this depth Also a manual reference value can be set In principle the value of a farther remote Tensiometer could be used via an online connection with the data logger pressure sensor and evaluation electronics pump controller reference value suction cup at bi directional drain water Tensiometer Lysimeter bottom pump bottle in the field Figure 15 feedback control of the lower hydraulic boundary condition 4 3 Limitations The novel feedback control of the lower hydraulic boundary condition works ver
56. the logger in the web interface It is programmed in a Datataker proprie tary syntax interpreter language dEX simplifies programming as it is an intuitive graphical web interface From the graphical design of the program a program file is compiled File Edit View Logger Add Help L2 Echo T1 WC 2 Site information Site information 2 Echo T2 WC Regional 2 Echo T3 WC BS P Name Smart Field Lysi N Site details Smart Field Lysimeter Version V07 2013 CEM Matrix Potential Unit kPa PR P P PP N N N N N P P P peo P P www w 6 GGGGGGGGG EEZ ERGGGGGGGGGGG G 3 degC R L3 Field Temp T4 deg Cc ve ter es G Figure 21 configuration web page of dEX Seite 22 von 65 Smart Field Lysimeter The program is structured in so called schedules i e a list of commands that is exe cuted in periodic intervals In these schedules e g measurements calculations changes of digital outputs etc can be executed The SmartField Lysimeter program is divided in several schedules Table 1 SmartField Lysimeter data logger program Schedule Function Interval Type Description Serial communication ten 1 min W Bi directional serial communication sioCON SFL Pump Controller with tensioCON power controller and pump controllers 10 min R L Retrieval of sensors averaging Up date and storage of measurement z 1 min balance data 1 min R L Retrieval of all Lysimeter s weight data update and storage of meas CD u
57. ulating the precipitation and evapotranspi ration Ys Yi 7 A B E y ri x Pe N n E ir JF TREE aa d d d P tsu IT TE T Dep su L LEM M m Iv le Iv Sn Sw Sw i tu a uA MO a L AN A K Rw I y ED SENN AON A tk SI D Ne Figure 36 water balance parameters This schematic overview shows water balance parameters and most important flux situation at soils atmospheric interface and interface to groundwater Due to this complexity basically scientific background is requested for the determination To calculate the precipitation an evapotranspiration ET the weight of the Lysimeter and the drain water bottle is needed Generally speaking an increase of the system weight means precipitation a loss of weight means ET or drainage The system weight consists of the Lysimeter weight and components attached to it as well as the weight of the soil column and the drain water bottle 10 3 1 Precipitation Depending on climate and weather precipitation and ET may happen in relatively short intervals So for the calculation the duration needs to be taken into account in Europe we found duration of 10 min to be an appropriate value For the calculation weight values are needed once per minute If the calculation was adjusted by too short durations the uncertainties of the weigh ing data would get dominant and the results would be too high as each ripple would be calculated as precipitation or ET On the other hand the
58. ures below 20 C the pump tube can be damaged Seite 38 von 65 Smart Field Lysimeter Please note After re starting the system in spring all measurement values and data should be checked to identify damages as soon as possible 9 Expert functions 9 1 Pump system The pump system and the controller can be run in different modes They are con trolled by the data logger A special case is the complete shutdown of the pump sys tem s energy supply In the standard modus at start the pump controller adjusts VTENS and thus the the lower hydraulic boundary condition to the value given by the reference Tensiometer By entering different settings and variables of the data logger the performance of the pump system can be changed If you want to keep a Lysimeter at a constant refer ence value then you need to change 2 channel variables in runtime the control vari able 6xCV and the reference variable 5xCV The x refers to the number of the Ly simeter You find the settings in the following table Once set they are kept in opera tion until you reset them Enter the command NAMEDCVS into the command window to get an overview of the current variables and values User entry NAMEDCVS display of named variables answer Datataker Batterie Voltage Batterie Current Batterie Charge Batterie SOC Solar Pan Curre Logger Current PumpController C L1 2 sensors Cur L3 4 sensors Cur L1 LevelControl L1 Manual Setpoi L1 Setpoint L
59. value for simulation reasons or artificial ground water level tests For this the controller needs to know the reference value from T8 and the actual value VTENS The controller activates the pump in short intervals to adjust the matrix potential as precisely as possible The feedback control uses a PI proportional amp integral algorithm If necessary this algorithm can be adjusted to the characteristics of the soil The related parameters can be changed with the UMS tensioVIEW software The data logger stores the times of water inlet and outlet as seen by the Lysimeter for each pump with a 1 sec resolution In the evaluation these times can be com pared with the weights of the drain water and the Lysimeter 2 1 4 Rechargeable battery The rechargeable 12 V 24 Ah lead gel battery is located under the flap panel of the data logger The battery s capacity is sufficient for 1 to 2 weeks of normal operation depending on how it is discharged by running the pumps and how the system is equipped Seite 7 von 65 2 1 5 Solar panel Figure 5 solar panel Under normal sun radiation the solar panel generates enough energy to run the sys tem with 4 Lysimeters In winter the energy supply can get tight depending on the location the position of the system in the field and use 2 2 Field Box The Field Box works as a supply station for the Lysimeter It is dug into the soil in a defined distance close to the Lysimeter whereas the l
60. y pre cisely and over a wide range of 3 kPa 70 kPa The feedback control is limited by the air entrance point of the suction cup ceramic If this point is reached at approx 80 hPa air entrances spontaneously the measure Seite 15 von 65 ment value breaks down to zero and the feedback control can no longer work cor rectly In this case the pump will be deactivated If the soil becomes wet again the pores of the ceramic close and the pump can build up a vacuum again re vitalization L1 REF TENS 30cm kPa L1 VTENS 30cm kPa Figure 16 air entrance into the suction cup in the Lysimeter bottom 9 Datalogger DT80M 5 1 Connections to the device The DT80M has a built in web interface The connection is IP based i e the logger has an IP address that is used to access the logger functions 5 1 1 Connection via USB For this connection the software DTUSB is used It installs drivers so that your computer can generate a virtual T C IP connection with the data logger via USB ca ble The software identifies a connected data logger shows its IP address and starts the web browser linking to the logger s homepage 5 1 2 Connection via Ethernet If an Ethernet is used the access is carried out directly via the assigned IP address Please find in the DI 80 manual how to configure the IP address manually or using DHCP Seite 16 von 65 MA Smart Field Lysimeter 5 1 3 Connection via GPRS 3G Remote With a GPR

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