Fluorescent Particle Analyzing
Contents
1. Plan VG Ales VU Y UU WY Y UV To visit our website www flow co za click here X FPA_MANU_06_M11 DOC EADOCUMENTS Write Ups 2006 X WRITE UPS AND PUBLICATIONS 2006 09 MISIX FPA MANUAL Date 2002 01 09 updated 2002 03 05 and 2002 09 17 OPERATING MANUAL FOR FLOW SORT S FLUORESCENT PARTICLE ANALYSER MODEL FPA 1 1 WHAT A FLUORESCENT PARTICLE ANALYSER FPA IS USED FOR 1 1 FLOW SORT S Fluorescent Particle Analyser FPA is exactly what the name says 1 2 A tool that allows Analyses of the Fluorescent properties of Particles when irradiated by X rays And further it is an instrument which produces data for diamonds and other minerals that can be used directly for setting up of FLOW SORT X ray diamond recovery machines 1 3 X ray fluorescence based diamond recovery machines exploit the very fact that diamonds do emit light fluoresce at a specific energy spectrum typically at 450nm when excited by suitable X ray radiation X FPA_MANU_06_M11 doc 6 22 2009 11 14 PM Page 1 of 22 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 X FPA_MANU_06_M11 doc The amount of light emitted magnitude of fluorescence by a diamond depends on many factors such as 1 4 1 Size of the Diamond 1 4 2 Impurities Inclusions in a Diamond 1 4 3 The Transparency Index Translucency Index of a Diamond at the colour spectrum of its fluorescence 1 4 4 Faults in the Diamond s crystal s2. serious user of X ray fluorescent based diamond recovery machines a Fluorescent Particle Analyser is a very important and useful tool For a mine operating a single FLOW SORT machine it is difficult to justify the cost of an FPA unless it is used for delicate exploration or sampling work For mining houses that operate multiple FLOW SORT machines at different sites and 6 22 2009 11 14 PM Page 4 of 22 1 25 1 26 1 27 X FPA_MANU_06_M11 doc under changing conditions an FPA is a must FLOW SORT S FPA is transportable and can therefore serve many different mining sites The FPA is the only way to quickly establish facts about various concentrates and so provide the necessary information that is needed to optimise the performance of FLOW SORT X ray diamond recovery machines in the field Note that at the FLOW SORT factory in Sebenza Johannesburg South Africa there is an FPA available for analysis work of customer concentrates Further take note that FLOW SORT S FPA is also useful for on site testing of Photo Multipliers as well as X ray tubes And further FLOW SORT S FPA utilizes essentially the same components as FLOW SORT S X ray diamond recovery machines This fact should be taken into account when setting up sorter spares on site 6 22 2009 11 14 PM Page 5 of 22 2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF FPA 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 X FPA_MANU_06_M11 doc The FLOW SORT Fluorescent Particle Analyser FPA is designed t
3. Ensure that the Emergency Stop key release mushroom push button located at the control panel of the FPA is in its non active released state SEE FIG 4 Ensure that the ON OFF key switch located at the front panel of the FPA is in its OFF position SEE FIG 4 6 22 2009 11 14 PM Page 9 of 22 3 1 8 Ensure that the EMERGENCY STOP button on the control panel of the ISOVOLT MF I X ray generator is released inactive SEE FIG 5 3 1 9 Ensure that the key switch of the ISOVOLT MF 1 X ray generator is in the OFF position SEE FIG 5 3 1 10 On first time use of the FPA or if no record of the previous set up is available turn the OPTIC ADJUST dial to 0 zero SEE FIG 4 3 1 11 Ensure that 2 sample holder cups with inserts are placed into the sample presentation disk SEE FIG 7 8 amp 9 3 1 12Connect the FPA to a 220 Volt 10 Amp 50Hz power point 3 1 13Connect the Laptop power supply to the LAPTOP POWER Outlet located at the FPA control panel SEE FIG 4 3 1 14Connect the printer port of the Laptop Computer to the PICOSCOPE port of the FPA control panel SEE FIG 4 3 2 Putting the FPA into operation X FPA_MANU_06_M11 doc 3 2 1 Turn the Mains Isolator Switch located at the right side panel of the FPA to ON SEE FIG 6 6 22 2009 11 14 PM Page 10 of 22 X FPA MANU 06 MI 1 doc 3 2 1 1 The RED POWER OFF indicator on the FPA control panel is illumin
4. 1 18 1 19 1 20 1 21 1 22 1 23 1 24 X FPA MANU 06 MI 1 doc reduces the sensitivity of the sorters optic system so that the machine does not eject too much material Otherwise there is too much material for hand sorting What the operator has achieved by lowering the sensitivity of the sorters optic system is a reduction in yield indeed Many of the interference minerals are no longer being ejected to concentrate However at the same time the sorter no longer recovers the weaker fluorescing diamonds either With the support of an FPA all this fiddling and dangerous experimenting can be eliminated Fluorescent levels of Diamonds as well as the fluorescence of other interference minerals that are present in a sorter s feed material can be measured An optimum X ray sorter set up can be established I e filter or no filter optimum sensitivity optimal size range etc The expected yield and optimal feed rate can be calculated and so on Actual fluorescent levels of particular diamonds can be accurately measured The effectiveness of optical filters can be established FLOW SORT S FPA is also a very useful tool when it comes to measuring the fluorescent properties of tracers The FPA can be used to sort tracers into various fluorescent intensity categories which in turn makes tracer tests much more meaningful The conclusion from the above is that for the professional
5. bi directional shutter to move to its opposite position During the shutter movement the particle in the sample holder cup will be exposed to X rays for X FPA_MANU_06_M11 doc 6 22 2009 11 14 PM Page 17 of 22 X FPA MANU 06 MI 1 doc 4 7 2 4 7 3 4 7 4 4 7 5 4 7 6 4 7 7 approx 300 milli seconds For the same duration of time is the P M tube window is open so that the P M tube can register any light emission from the irradiated particle The magnitude of fluorescence of the particle trace A in BLUE as well as the operating voltage of the PM tube trace B in RED are displayed on the screen of the PC Renewed pressing of the EXPOSURE button will if the PICO SCOPE registers signal larger then the preset trigger level over write the old trace with a new one NOTE The PICO SCOPE screen will only be updated when the PM tube generates a signal larger in amplitude than the preset trigger level of the PICO SCOPE NOTE Step 4 7 can be repeated with the Optical Filter inserted or removed For DATA storage to disk and or producing hard copies refer to the PICOSCOPE user manual and or PICOSCOPE Help Menu HINT If individual screen displays are to be printed or they should be protected from being overwritten by a new signal a new screen use the SINGLE TRIGGER mode rather then the AUTO TRIGGER mode HINT The PICO SCOPE program can only be shut down or parameters changed within this prog
6. computer and software refer to the relevant component specifications supplied with our FPA 8 2 For technical specifications of all FLOW SORT manufactured components refer to the relevant sections in the FLOW SORT diamond recovery machine technical manual 8 3 For physical dimensions and weights please refer to the FPA general arrangement drawing FPA_GA_01 DWG 9 DRAWINGS AND DIAGRAMS 9 1 General Arrangement Drawing FPA_GA_01 DWG 9 2 PM tube pre amplifier tube schematic PC88 9 3 Display and interlock PCB schematic PC82 9 4 SEIFERT S Operating manual for ISOVOLT MF1 60 4 9 5 FLOW SORT S XR 2 19DW diamond sorter manual Peter Wolf 2002 09 02 X FPA MANU 06 MI 1 doc 6 22 2009 11 14 PM Page 22 of 22
7. A positive click will be noticed when the presentation disk cups have reached the correct position 4 5 2 The GREEN DISK LOCKED LED will illuminate when the sample presentation disk is in the correct position X FPA_MANU_06_M11 doc 6 22 2009 11 14 PM Page 16 of 22 4 5 3 WARNING ATTEMPTING TO TURN THE PRESENTATION DISK IN AN ANTI CLOCK WISE DIRECTION WILL CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE SAMPLE PRESENTATION SYSTEM 4 5 4 Slowly and without excessive force push the SAMPLE LOCK lever fully to the left 4 5 5 When the sample holder cup is securely radiation leak proof and light tight locked below the X ray exposure shutter the GREEN CUP LOCKED LED will illuminate 4 5 6 If resistance is felt before the GREEN CUP LOCKED LED is illuminated on the FPA S control panel stop immediately and pull the lever fully back to the right Repeat step 4 4 check for obstructions and try again 4 5 7 WARNING Attempting to push the LOCK SAMPLE lever to the left without the GREEN DISK LOCKED LED being illuminated WILL CAUSE DAMAGE to the in the FPA S sample presentation system 4 6The FPA is now ready to measure the fluorescence of the particle in the locked up sample holder cup 4 6 1 Make sure that the PICOSCOPE displays a red STOP at the bottom left corner of the screen and next to it the current status reads Running SEE FIG 10 4 7Press the EXPOSURE button 4 7 1 This will cause the
8. FER TO THE RELEVANT MANUALS 6 22 2009 11 14 PM Page 19 of 22 5 4Turn the key switch of the FPA operating panel to the OFF position and remove the key ALWAYS REMOVE THIS KEY AFTER USING THE FPA AND KEEP IT IN A SAFE PLACE 5 5If the FPA is to remain shut down for any length of time it is recommended to disconnect the unit from the Mains Supply For understanding interpretation and applying the information obtained from the FLOW SORT Fluorescent Particle Analyser please refer to FLOW SORT S write up entitled PUTTING FPA DATA TO PRACTICAL USE X FPA_MANU_06_M11 doc 6 22 2009 11 14 PM Page 20 of 22 6 SAFETY AND OPERATIONAL INTERLOCKS 6 1 COOLING WATER INTERLOCK The water flow switch in the x ray tube cooling water circuit will shut down the x ray generator if there is insufficient below 4 l min cooling water flow 6 2 MAGNETIC X RAY COMPARTMENT INTERLOCK SWITCH This safety switch will disconnect the power to the x ray generator when activated 6 3 X RAY COMPARTMENT SAFETY LOCKING SCREW It is not possible to open the access hatch of the FPA S x ray compartment without first removing this safety screw Any attempt to remove this safety screw activates a micro switch which in turn will shut down x ray generation via one of the door interlocks of the x ray generator 6 4 SAMPLE PRESENTATION DISC POSITION INTERLOCK A micro switch will only allow the x ray exposure shutter to be activated if the presentation di
9. LLY UNDERSTAND AND FOLLOW ALL SAFETY ASPECTS APPLICABLE WHEN OPERATING X RAY RADIATION EMITTING EQUIPMENT THE FPA OPERATOR MUST FURTHER UNDERSTAND AND FOLLOW ALL SAFETY ASPECTS APPLICABLE WHEN OPERATING HIGH VOLTAGE GENERATING EQUIPMENT ANY OPERATOR OF FLOW SORT S FPA MUST READ AND OBEY THE RADIATION PROTECTION INSTRUCTIONS INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE FLOW SORT XR2 1I9DW DIAMOND RECOVERY MACHINE MANUAL AND IN THE SEIFERT ISOVOLT MF1 OPERATION MANUAL ONLY FULLY TRAINED AND SUITABLY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ARE ALLOWED TO OPERATE A FLOW SORT FPA NEVER TURN THE FPA S X RAY GENERATOR OFF BY MEANS OF ACTIVATING ANY SAFETY INTERLOCK SWITCH ALWAYS USE THE CORRECT ON OFF SWITCH PROVIDED X FPA_MANU_06_M11 doc 6 22 2009 11 14 PM Page 8 of 22 3 THE BASIC OPERATION OF THE FPA X FPA MANU 06 MI 1 doc 3 1 Before Powering Up the FPA 3 1 1 3 1 2 3 1 4 3 1 5 3 1 6 3 1 7 Ensure that all access panels of the FPA are in place Ensure that the X ray compartment cover is closed and the SAFETY SCREW is fully screwed in SEE FIG 6 Ensure that both X ray compartment cover PADLOCKS are securely in place SEE FIG 6 Connect the FPA to a water tap that can deliver 5 litres of potable water per minute at a min pressure of 400 kPa The water temperature must not exceed 30 deg C SEE FIG 6 Ensure that the Mains Isolator Switch located on the right side panel of the FPA is in the OFF position SEE FIG 6
10. a reference point for any other fluorescent particles including diamonds Any particle producing a signal peak greater then 2 0 V will trigger the ejector gate of a FLOW SORT XR 2 19DW or XR15 35DW diamond recovery machine Any particle producing a signal peak less then 2 0 V will not trigger the ejector gate of a FLOW SORT XR 2 19DW or XR15 35DW diamond recovery machine 3 6 The FPA is now ready for use 6 22 2009 11 14 PM Page 15 of 22 4 MEASURING THE FLUORESCENCE OF A PARTICLE SEE FIG 7 8 amp 9 4 1Push the LOCK SAMPLE lever fully to the right 4 2Place the Particle to be analysed into sample holder cup always use a sample holder cup insert that is appropriate for the particle size 4 3There is no limit to the minimum particle size that the FPA can handle The optics sensitivity however limits the useful range at about 1mm The maximum particle size is however restricted by the sample holder cup size Without a cup insert particles up to about 30 mm in diameter can be analysed 4 3 1 WARNING A PARTICLE PROTRUDING ABOVE THE TOP OF THE SAMPLE HOLDER CUP WILL DAMAGE THE FPA S SAMPLE PRESENTATION SYSTEM 4 4Place the loaded sample holder cup into position A or B of the sample presentation disk 4 5SLOWLY rotate the sample presentation disk in a CLOCKWISE direction until the second sample holder cup appears in front of the FPA the two cups are 180 deg offset from one another 4 5 1
11. ated 3 2 2 Turn the ON OFF key switch at the FPA S control panel ON 6 22 2009 11 14 PM 3 2 2 1 3 2 2 2 3223 32 24 3 2 2 5 3 2 2 6 MI 3 2 2 8 3229 The RED POWER OFF LED on the FPA control panel is turned off The GREEN POWER ON LED on the FPA control panel is illuminated The GREEN X R COVER light is illuminated The GREEN THERMO FUSE LED is illuminated The GREEN OPTIC ON LED is illuminated The GREEN EXTERN interlock LED is illuminated NOTE that for this condition the external interlock loop must not be broken The GREEN X R GEN ON LED is illuminated The GREEN X R LAMPS LED is illuminated Depending if the sample presentation disk is in a Page 11 of 22 32 210 locked position or not is either the GREEN or RED DISK LOCKED indicator illuminated Depending if a sample holder cup is locked in position or not either the GREEN or RED CUP LOCKED indicator is illuminated NOTE that a sample presentation cup can only be locked after the sample presentation disk itself is locked 3 2 3 Turn the key switch at the ISOVOLT X Ray generator to STAND BY 3 2 3 1 3232 3 2 3 3 The Display window of the ISOVOLT is illuminated SEE FIG 5 The two AMBER X RAY ON warning lights illuminate NOTE THAT FROM THIS POINT THE FPA MUST BE SEEN AS GENERATING X RAY RADIATION Depending o
12. inerals In the worst case such interference minerals fluoresce at a similar wavelength as a diamond does thus making optical filtering of little use However such extreme cases are seldom found in practice In reality the characteristics of diamond concentrates are found somewhere between these two extremes The properties of diamond concentrates however do often vary substantially even if they originate from the same area To achieve a good and consistent diamond recovery with an X ray fluorescence based sorter it is therefore important to recognize and understand the properties of diamond concentrates and changes thereof Only then is it possible to set up an X ray diamond recovery machine for maximum performance An X ray fluorescence based diamond recovery machine can be set up without the aid of a FPA However to optimise the set up of a diamond recovery machine requires experience and a solid understanding of X ray fluorescence diamond recovery principles The use of an FPA makes this task a lot easier and takes all the guesswork away An operator often blames poor diamond recovery on a faulty sorting machine or claims that diamonds that were not recovered by the X ray sorter are not fluorescing The later being very rare indeed A typical cause for poor diamond recovery is that the sorter generates too much yield In this case an operator typically 6 22 2009 11 14 PM Page 3 of 22 1 16 1 17
13. n the X ray shutter position either the left or the right half of EXPOSURE button will be illuminated 3 2 4 Turn the key switch at the ISOVOLT X Ray generator to ON X FPA_MANU_06_M11 doc 6 22 2009 11 14 PM Page 12 of 22 X FPA MANU 06 MI 1 doc 3 2 5 FOR SETTING UP AND OPERATING THE ISOVOLT MF1 X Ray generator please refer to the Operation Manual for Industrial X Ray Equipment ISOVOLT MF 1 60 4 issued by RICH SEIFERT amp CO 3 2 6 In particular refer to SECTION 1 RADIATION PROTECTION INFORMATION of this manual 3 2 7 The standard setting of the X ray generator is 36 000 Volt 36 kV and 0 004 Ampere 4 mA 3 2 8 An AMBER X RAY warning light located at the ISOVOLT generator s control panel will flash when X rays are generated SEE FIG 5 3 2 9 An external AMBER X RAY warning light to be located in the area were the FPA is being used will flash when X rays are generated 3 3Boot Up the Laptop PC this unit is linked to a PICOSCOPE Data Analyser of the FPA The operator must have a sound knowledge of the MICROSOFT WINDOWS operating system as well as the PICOSCOPE application software Refer to the relevant manuals for detailed information 3 3 1 The PC will boot directly into the PICOSCOPE application 3 3 2 The PICOSCOPE application will wake up with the last stored set up parameters 3 3 3 The standard FLOW SORT factory set up of the PICOSCOPE stored by FLOW SORT during pre delivery facto
14. o allow quick and accurate X Ray fluorescence analyses of individual or groups of particles The unit is specifically designed and set up to show the fluorescence level that can be expected from the same particle s when passed through a FLOW SORT X ray Diamond Recovery Machines Such as Models XR 2 19 D W TSXR 2 19D W etc This is achieved by utilising the same basic components in the FLOW SORT FPA that are used in FLOW SORT X ray diamond recovery machines such as model XR 2 19W etc Note that it is also possible to use FPA components as spare parts for FLOW SORT XR machines and vice versa The FPA S main components are SEE FIG 1 FIG2 amp FIG3 2 4 1 X Ray Tube SEIFERT FS Part 3222 2 4 2 X Ray Tube Adaptor FS Part 3037 2 4 3 X Ray HT Cable FS Part 3020 2 4 4 PM Tube 6097 FS Part 2070 2 4 5 PM Tube Filter K45 FS Part 2220 2 4 6 PM Tube Power Supply FS Part 4 2090 2 4 7 PM Tube Amp PC88 FS Part ft 2100 2 4 8 SEIFERT X Ray Generator Model ISOVOLT MF I FS Part 3035 6 22 2009 11 14 PM Page 6 of 22 X FPA MANU 06 MI l doc 2 4 9 Sample Presentation Carousel Unit 2 4 10Control Module with Interlocking Electronics 2 4 11PICO SCOPE Analogue Signal Analysing Software and Hardware PICO SCOPE is a Registered Trade Mark 2 4 12Signal Display and storage LAPTOP PC 2 4 13Stainless Steel FPA Stand and FPA X RAY Enclosure 6 22 2009 11 14 PM Page 7 of 22 RADIATION PROTECTION INFORMATION ANY FPA OPERATOR MUST FU
15. ram when the programs parallel port LPT1 scanning loop has been interrupted 1 e the scope status has changed from Running to Stopped The simplest 6 22 2009 11 14 PM Page 18 of 22 way of achieving this is by pressing the function button F10 4 7 8 HINT Another way of ending the PICO SCOPE S parallel port LPT1 scanning loop is by left clicking the red STOP button at the left bottom corner of the screen Note that there is no immediate response from the program at this point However as soon as a new signal triggers the PICO SCOPE its status will automatically change to Stopped To return to the PICO SCOPE S Running mode left click the green GO button 4 7 9 HINT It is also possible to automatically self trigger the scope when set to AUTO TRIGGER mode by pressing F4 i e entering the TRIGGER Setting option and ticking Auto trigger after The max time interval that can be entered is 30 000 milli sec If set to this value the PICO SCOPE will automatically trigger every 30 seconds regardless of any specified trigger conditions 5 SHUTTING THE FPA DOWN X FPA_MANU_06_M11 doc 5 1Turn the key switch of the ISOVOLT X generator to the OFF position and remove the key ALWAYS REMOVE THIS KEY AFTER USING THE FPA AND KEEP IT IN A SAFE PLACE 5 2Turn off the water supply to the FPA 5 3Close down all programs running on the Laptop PC and switch off the Laptop s power RE
16. ry testing is SEE FIG 10 6 22 2009 11 14 PM Page 13 of 22 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 5 3 3 3 6 3 3 3 7 3 3 3 8 3 3 3 9 Time Base 100 ms div Time base magnification factor 1x TRIGGER MODE REPEAT or AUTO with Auto trigger set to 30 000ms see also Para 4 7 9 TRIGGER SOURCE CHANNEL A TRIGGER DIRECTION FALLING TRIGGER LEVEL 500 mV TRIGGER DELAY 20 Channel A SV Multiplication x2 Left scrollbar down to approx 20 left Y axis BLUE signal volt scale ranges from 4 5V to 0 5V Signal Voltage scale value x 1 Channel B 2V Multiplication x2 Right scrollbar fully up right Y axis RED HT Volt scale ranges from 0 0V to 2 0 V PM tube EHT Voltage scale value x 1000 3 4Pull out the optical FILTER knob Situated on the right front corner of the FPA S X Ray compartment X FPA_MANU_06_M11 doc 6 22 2009 11 14 PM Page 14 of 22 X FPA MANU 06 MI 1 doc SEE FIG 3 3 5 SLOWLY turn the OPTIC ADJUST knob until the OPTIC kV meter reads approx 0 7 kV 3 5 1 3 3 2 3 5 5 For accurate work calibrate the FPA The simplest way of calibration is to place a FLOW SORT CALIBRATION TRACER into a sample presentation cup and then adjusting the OPTIC ADJUST knob until a signal peak of 2 0 Volt is obtained when exposing the CALIBRATION TRACER to x rays This setting now serves as
17. sc is in its correct position 6 5 SAMPLE PRESENTATION CUP POSITION INTERLOCK A micro switch will only allow the x ray exposure shutter to be activated if a sample cup is present in its fully locked up position 6 6 SHUTTER END POSITION INTERLOCK The x ray shutter activates an end position micro switch when it reaches one of its two end positions shutter fully closed positions Any attempt to unlock a sample presentation cup without one of the two shutter end position switches being activated will shut down the x ray generator 6 7 X RAY WARNING LAMP FAILURE Should any of the 4 four x ray warning lights fail to operate the x ray generation will be stopped 7 ALARM AND FAULT CONDITIONS 7 1 For alarm conditions and monitoring of operating parameters please refer to the operating manual of the SEIFERT x ray generator operating manual 7 2 For fault finding of the computer monitoring system please refer to instruction manual of the computer supplied with the FPA and the manual and help files of the PICO SCOPE monitoring system supplied with the FPA X FPA_MANU_06_M11 doc 6 22 2009 11 14 PM Page 21 of 22 7 3 For fault finding of the dedicated FPA electronics electrical and electro mechanical components refer to the FLOW SORT diamond recovery machine technical manual All FPA components are covered in this manual 8 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 8 1 For technical specifications of x ray generator x ray tube P M tube monitoring
18. tructure 1 4 5 Temperature of the Diamond 1 4 6 The Type of Diamond i e Type 2B diamonds are for instance known to fluoresce far less then other types of diamonds 1 4 7 The exposure time of a Diamond to X rays 1 4 8 The spectrum of the X ray radiation used to excite a Diamond 1 4 9 The intensity of the X ray radiation used to excite a Diamond It is well known that many minerals other than diamonds also possess fluorescent properties when exposed to X ray radiation Some of these minerals emit light of a similar energy spectrum to a diamond but many of these minerals emit light of a different wavelength thus making it possible to distinguish them from diamonds by means of using a narrow band pass filter that allows only the wavelength of a fluorescent diamond to pass The magnitude of fluorescence of such interference minerals is determined by much the same criteria as listed for diamonds above 6 22 2009 11 14 PM Page 2 of 22 1 8 1 9 1 10 1 12 1 13 1 14 1 15 X FPA_MANU_06_M11 doc There are concentrates that are ideally suited to X ray fluorescent based diamond recovery machines i e the material to be sorted contains only well fluorescent diamonds and they contain no other fluorescent interference minerals But on the other end of the scale the material to be sorted may contain low fluorescent diamonds as well as a high percentage of other fluorescent interference m
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