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Piranha Reference Manual - English

1. RTI Detector Manager Et Next the available detectors Main Detector Calibration Help are shown to the left The ey eB Ee ee Internal detector is always oma MES available but external probes will only show up if they are attached When clicking a detector the a available calibrations will Caraion TV TF Fator ut bate show up to the right In this Gri wiammal x x 4 622000e 005 Gy Beenie eante Gy case the Internal detector is f SE highlighted The TV and TF e ee columns show an x if there P ORRA E are calibrations for Tube Voltage and or Total Filtration The factor column shows the calibration factor for dose in this case Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 2 Description of the Piranha Maintenance ST Deen Hane l Here is another example Piranha Dose Probe This amp _ es ET i a D E EE z type of detector only contains Piranha mi Mo 30 un 3 7356E004 Gy Toa Bre Wi2smm a Lsa Gy a calibration factor for dose Piranha CB2 06060052 2 7 Measurement Settings 2 7 1 Settings Conditions Here general conditions for the measurements are shown Different values can be shown depending on selected measured parameter Conditions TF and Waveform Total Filtr Shows actual total filtration value Estimate means that a new estimation will be performed at next exposure and the values will be displayed on screen Waveform Shows the actual w
2. c ccccccceseeeeeeeeeeeeeseseeesteeeseaes 4 5 6 2 Normalization ccccsscsscccsssceesssseceecessaaeeeesenseseesesaneeeeesseeeesseneseesaesseseeeeas 4 5 6 3 Beam Correction Factor ccccccccccssssecccssseececcsssececcssseeccesssseeeecssseeeecssseeeeess 4 5 6 4 Corrections for Angular Sensitivity 4 5 7 Average Glandular Dose AGD MGD 4 5 8 Mammographic Pre pulS s cccccccceceeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeaeeeseeesaeeseeeeneeeeseaeees 4 5 9 Scanning Beam Mammography 46 Dental and Panoramic Dental 4 6 1 Waveforms 0 cceceeeeeeseeeees 47 Cha ete Bien 4 7 1 COT KV Pi gecccecneeny 48 Tube Cilrrent Probes srecan a nse statin 4 8 1 MAS 1 Invasive MAS Prob xis nits cistisiaiei nate rons A a a i 4 8 2 MAS 2 Non invasive MAS Probe ccccccccccccceceeceseeeeessnseeeeeeeseeeeeceeeeeeersssaeees 49 Light Measurement nomani Sa ee eee ed 4 9 1 Luminance Monitor View box cd m 4 9 2 luminance Ambient Light Ix cccccccesceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseaeeeeeeeeeeeeeseaeeeees 5 Problems and Solutions cccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 73 5 1 TrOUBDIOSNOOTING 2 5 0 a cctechice eases cose eensbecvectecheeedt ect eetratececeeenieeeneeteetveneapatecesents 73 5 2 BIW STO Ot awe TEESE E E A A AE 74 5 2 1 Bluetooth Passkey sia visa wenn teae ait auntie E NEA ee STEE EAA EASE 75 5 2 2 Enable Bluetooth Passkey cccccccceseeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeea
3. for assessing the performance of the X ray equipment for evaluation of examination techniques and procedures for service and maintenance measurements for quality control measurements for educational purposes authority supervision etc The product is intended to be used by hospital physicists X ray engineers manufacturer s service teams and other professionals w ith similar tasks and competencies The operator needs a short training to be able to use the product as intended This training can be achieved either by careful study of the manual studies of the built in help function in measurement softw are or on request in a short course ordered from the manufacturer The product is intended to be used inside X ray rooms ready for clinical use and can safely be left sw itched on and in any measuring mode in the vicinity of patients The product is NOT intended to be used for direct control of diagnostic X ray equipment performance during irradiation of a patient so that patients or other unqualified persons can change settings of operating parameters during and immediately before and after measurements Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D contents RT Table of Contents T2 troduction iie toes ace pene otk ead tne Wee Ea fe arae Aaa aapinen 5 1 1 About this Manual cceceescececceeceeeeceecaeeeceeceeeecaeeeeeecaeeaecaeeecaeeeseeaeeeseeaseeeeseeteees 5 1 2 Introduction to the Piranha ce
4. Air kerma Dose Measured air kerma may be called dose or air kerma in this manual Air kerma rate Average air kerma rate may be called dose rate or air kerma rate Dose rate in this manual Total Filtration Estimation of total filtration for conventional radiography fluoroscopy dental and CT Quick HVL Estimation of Half Value Layer for conventional radiography fluoroscopy dental mammography and CT Half Value Layer Standard HVL using filters for evaluation on radiography fluoroscopy dental and mammography all for both pulsed and conventional kV waveform Waveformis calculated based on detector signals measured after different thickness of filtration Dose rate waveform Signal measured from radiation detector ionization chamber or solid state detector 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 2 Description of the Piranha Hardware and Specifications Measuring range and inaccuracy Radiography Fluoroscopy and Dental Parameter Parameter Ra Rane Range Inaccuracy Resolution kVp standard 4 digits W 3mmAl 35 160 kV 41 5 10 or 100 V kVp dental 1 5 As above W 3mmAl R1 135 105 kV Irradiation time 0 1 ms 2000 s 1 or 0 5 ms 0 5 ms 1 65535 pulses 1 pulse 1 pulse Air kerma Dose 2 0 7 uGy 1000 Gy 5 with wide range 15 nGy 1000 Gy option WR 2 uR 100 kR Air kermarate 2 10 uGy s 450 mGy s 3 5 or 7 nGy s Dose rate 5 or 0 8 uR s with wi
5. for dosimetry Pixel A two dimensional picture elementin the presented image Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 6 Glossary EJ Practical Peak Voltage PPV The PPVis the constant potential producing the same image contrast as the waveform under test PPV is defined in the IEC 61676 standard as The PRACTICAL PEAK VOLTAGE is based on the concept that the radiation generated bya high voltage of any waveform produces the same AIR KERMA contrast behind a specified PHANTOM as a radiation generated by an equivalent constant potential The constant potential producing the same contrast as the waveform under testis defined as PRACTICAL PEAK VOLTAGE Primary protective barrier See protective barrier Protective apron An apron made of radiation absorbing materials used to reduce radiation exposure Protective barrier Abarrier of radiation absorbing material s used to reduce radiation exposure Protective glove Aglove made of radiation absorbing materials used to reduce radiation exposure Rad The previously used special unit of absorbed dose It is equal to 100 ergs per gram 1 rad 0 01 Gy 102 gray Radiation ionizing Any electromagnetic or particulate radiation capable of producing ions directly or indirectly by interaction with matter Examples are X ray photons charged atomic particles and other ions and neutrons Ripple factor The variation in the high voltage expressed as the percentage of the maximum hi
6. And if you have used the meter with another handheld or PC using Bluetooth you will need to add the meter as a trusted device again New hardware which supports multiple devices Piranha with product version 3 0 which started shipping around spring 2009 and higher and product version 2 5 4 supports multiple Bluetooth devices which means that you can use it with both a PC and handheld without additional steps Advantages of using a Passkey e Works with Windows Vista and Windows 7 8 e Increased security The main reason to change so that you use a passkey is if you are going to use Bluetooth communication and Windows 7 8 Vista or Windows XP and a Bluetooth adapter where you cannot disable authentication But we recommend that you use a USB cable if you can If you want to use a passkey and have previously not been using one you need to reconfigure your Piranha Barracuda Serial Bluetooth module Detailed instructions are available later on in this manual 5 2 2 Enable Bluetooth Passkey Before you enable the use of a Bluetooth passkey please read the section about Bluetooth passkeys and the drawbacks of using a passkey You enable and disable passkeys by using the RTI Updater application requires version 2008 6A or later which is available on your RTI Software amp Documentation CD and the RTI website www rtigroup com 1 Connect your meter using the USB cable If you are using a Barracuda then also connect the Barracuda S
7. HE 84 Enable Bluetooth passkey 75 Entrance Skin Exposure 58 62 Entrance Surface Air Kerma 58 62 Equivalent thickness Compression paddle 37 60 Error 73 Error messages 46 ESAK 58 62 ESE 58 62 Estimated total filtration 16 19 EU Directive 30 31 Exp lt Delay 47 Exposure X 84 Exposure rate X 84 External probe connector 8 Fa FCC 33 Filter 84 Filter Added filter 84 Filter Inherent filter 84 Filter Permanent filter 84 Filter Total filter 84 Filtration Additional mammo 39 Firmware 5 33 84 Fluorography 84 Fluoroscopy 54 84 Fluoroscopy specifications 16 Focal spot effective 84 Framing 84 Freerun 44 46 Free run update mode 40 Using 46 2G Gantry 85 Geometric unsharpness 85 Good geometry HVL 60 Gray Gy 85 H Half value layer HVL 85 Handheld Reset 73 Heel effect 11 85 Help 52 2015 05 5 5D Index 95 High kVp 46 47 High signal 46 47 Holder Piranha 11 HotSync 73 Hounsfield units 85 How To Report a Problem 79 HVL Cine 54 Good geometry 60 Stand 11 IEC 61267 21 lldose rate 55 lluminance 71 Image intensifier 55 86 Image receptor 86 Indicator Battery charging 8 Bluetooth 8 Status 8 Inherent filtration 86 Initial X ray tube voltage 86 Input dose rate 55 Installation 86 Intended Use 32 Interlock 86 Internal detector settings 37 41 Introduction 5 lonization 86 lonization chamber 86 lonization constant 86 lonization detector 86 Irradiation tim
8. In the case of one phase dental units itis common that only the exposure time can be changed In most cases the set tube voltage and current is fixed to about 65 kVp and 8 mA A challenge can exist how to find a definition what measured value should be used Furthermore the radiation output and the kV waveform are not stable for the first 200 ms or so because that the tube filament current in most cases is not regulated The definition of both what is the true kVp and exposure time cannot be as easily determined without study the waveform and select appropriate measurement parameters as delay and window Introducing small CCD detectors instead of film also demands carefully calibration of single phase dental systems The tube voltage waveform is collected from 200 ms after start trig and the kVp is calculated based on the measuring window equal the remaining part of the exposure time The dose value is collected for the whole exposure time If you need to change the 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 4 Measurements with the Piranha System Dental and Panoramic Dental sensitivity delay or and measuring window tapto show the settings and make your choices In the case of dental panoramic system the situation is somewhat different Here the kV and radiation waveform often is very well regulated The challenges instead arise for the mechanical setup needed to position the detector in right position The small and narrow field is only a fe
9. USB 13 Compensating filter 82 Compensation 52 Compliances 29 Compression paddle 39 Equivalent thickness 37 60 Computed tomography 65 Computed tomography CT 82 Conditions 37 52 TP factor 38 Conformity Declaration 31 Connector External probe 8 Palmcharging 8 Piranha Reference Manual 94 Index Connector USB 8 Connectors 8 Continuous 44 Continuous mode 82 Continuous update mode 40 Conversion factor of an image intensifier 82 CT 65 82 kVp 65 CT Dose Profiler 29 CT number 82 CT specifications 19 CT topogram 65 CT DP 29 Curie Ci 82 D Dead man switch 83 Declaration of Conformity 31 Default Unit 73 Delay 40 41 42 48 65 Start efter 40 Waveform 40 Delay time 47 Dental 63 Dental panoramic radiographic 83 Dental specifications 16 Dental waveforms 65 Detector area 13 Detector Manager 36 Detector settings 42 Detector surface 8 Detectors Managing 36 Viewing 36 Diagnostic source assembly 83 Digital radiography 83 Digital subtraction 83 Direct radiography of a part of or the complete dentition by the use of an intra oral X ray tube See also Orthopantomography 83 Disable Bluetooth passkey 75 Display messages 46 Active 46 Passive 47 Dose 53 Mammography 58 Dose equivalent H 83 Dose Probe 8 Dose Probe Specifications 27 Dose rate meter 83 Dose Sensitivity 41 Piranha Reference Manual Dose Pulse 20 53 Dosemeter 83 Draw backs of using a Passkey 75 Es Effective dose equivalent
10. Light Probe 29 2015 05 5 5D Mammography 16 MAS 1 Probe 28 MAS 2 Probe 29 Min output peak dose rate 20 Minimum pulse width 20 Minimum ripple 20 Piranha 13 Power Source 13 Pulse rate 20 Radiography 16 Size 14 USB 13 Waveform recording time 20 28 Weight 14 Spot fim 90 Stand 11 Standards and Compliances 29 Start 33 Start after delay 40 Status indicator 8 Storage temperature 13 Stray radiation 90 Support 73 Support Information 79 Survey 90 T Target 91 Temperature 38 Tenth value layer TVL 91 TF Sensitivity 41 Theory Current reading 48 Delay 48 Dose rate reading 48 Irradiation time 48 Postdelay 48 Radiation time 48 Waveform 48 Window 48 Threshold 42 Timed 44 45 Timed update mode 40 Using 45 Tomography 91 Topogram 65 91 Total filtration 37 52 91 Cine 54 Radiography 53 TP factor 38 Trig level time 40 Trig source 40 Trigger 48 Troubleshooting 73 Piranha Reference Manual 98 Index Tube current Invasive 68 Non invasive 69 Tube current measurements 67 TypicalResponse 21 Typographical Rules 5 U Unit Default 73 Gray 73 Prefixes 73 R ntgen 73 Units 73 Unknown device 73 Update Firmware 33 Update Mode 40 45 46 Update modes 44 Update of Piranha 33 USB connector 8 Usefulbeam 92 User 92 View Calibrations 36 Viewbox 71 Voxel 92 W Rh Anode Filter combination 56 Waste Electrical and Hectronic Equipment 30 Waveform 48 Dental 65 Waveformdelay 40 Waveform recording t
11. Rem 89 Report a Problem 79 Reposition Detector 47 Requirements Palmcomputer 6 Requirements PC 6 Reset Bluetooth 73 Handheld 73 Reset time 44 Resolution 89 Restricted user 76 Rh Rh Anode Filter combination 56 Ripple factor 89 Roentgen R or R ntgen 89 R ntgen Unit 73 RTI Detector Manager 36 RTI Updater 33 Running time 9 13 S Safety strap 8 Scanning Beam Mammography 63 2015 05 5 5D Index na Scatter factor 37 60 Scattered radiation 90 SDD Normalization 37 60 Send Support Information 79 Sensitivity 41 42 Dose TF 41 kV 41 Serial radiography 90 Settings 37 40 41 42 52 Beamcorrection factor 39 Compression paddle 39 Conditions 37 Delay 41 42 Detector 42 Internal detector 37 41 Piranha 37 40 Postdelay 40 Pulse rate 39 Sensitivity 41 42 Threshold 42 Total Filtration 37 Trig level time 40 Trigsource 40 Update mode 40 Waveform recording time 40 Waveformtype 37 Window 41 42 Shutter 90 Sievert Sv 90 Signal Extension Module 52 Signal to noise ratio 90 Simulator 90 Size 14 Slice 90 Source 90 Source detector distance SDD 90 Source surface distance source skin distance SSD 90 Source to image distance SID 90 Specifications Air kerma Dose 16 19 Air kerma rate Dose rate 16 19 Battery Charging 13 Bluetooth 13 Communication 13 CT 19 Dental 16 Dose Probe 27 Dose pulse 20 Estimated total filtration 16 Fluoroscopy 16 Irradiation time 16 19 kVp 16 19
12. Set up the Piranha and the handheld computer according to the description in Setting Up the Piranhal 17 2 Place the detector on the patient bed ina region thatis irradiated during the cT topogram process Place the Piranha in the direction indicated by the figure below That is the Piranha detector surface rectangle should be placed perpendicular to the scanning direction You may use the lasers to align the Piranha correctly 3 Select Tube voltage The following calibrations are available C1 W 3 0 mm Al C2 W 3 0 mm Al 0 25 mm Cu optional C3 W 3 0 mm Al 1 2 mm Ti optional C4 GECT C5 Toshiba Aquillion 4 Make a check of the position of the Piranha by using the Position Check function 5 Set up the CT to make a topogram 6 Start the topogram program If the procedure includes more than one topogram you may abort after the one taken with the tube in the top position Ifthe Piranha is positioned in a correct way the position is accepted and the real time display is shown again If not check the position of the Piranha and or increase the slice width if possible 7 You are now ready to measure Repeat the topogram program to measure kVp Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 4 Measurements with the Piranha System CT ia The exposure time you measure is not related to the actual radiation time Itis the time it takes for the detector to pass through the CT X ray field when the table
13. Unknown device when trying to connect Depending on Palm model it may take a little while for the serial number to appear the Piranha will appear as Unknown device Normally it will show the serial number if you wait a while Can I set the time before the Handheld powers off automatically Yes there is a preference setting for this pull down menu Setup Preferences in the QABrowser preferences How do I reset the Handheld computer There is a small reset hole on the back of the Handheld computer use the stylus pointer to reset C Contact your local representative or see Notice for contact information to RTI Electronics AB The more information you supply will help us to get a quick solution to your problem Examples of useful information is screen dump pictures exact error message texts log files etc You may also use the auto report function described in the section How To Report a Problem 7 5 2 Bluetooth Bluetooth is a wireless way of communication between your PC handheld and your meter The Piranha has built in support for this but with the Barracuda you need the Barracuda Serial Bluetooth Module accessory APalm OS handheld also has built in support for Bluetooth buta PC mayor may not have built in support for Bluetooth If the PC does not have built in Bluetooth support you will need a Bluetooth adapter that you connect to the USB port for instance the D Link DBT 120 or DBT 122 The range of Bluetooth is about
14. a ee ce Nendo ale et ae a aa 4 2 Radiography esseere 4 2 1 kVp Time Dose and Dose Rate eeee 4 2 2 Dose Measurements w ith Piranha Dose Probe ccccccccesssseceeessseeeeessseeeeees 4 2 3 Quick HV Land Total Filtration scsc2e sec ieee cee wut etia 4 3 Cine Pulsed Radiography ssssssssssnsssnsrsnsnsnssrnrnssssrnrnrensnsnnnnnnnsnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nne 4 3 1 kVp Time Dose and Dose Rate cceccceceeeeeeeeeeeeseaeeceeeeeeeeeeseaeeeeeeeeeeeeseaeees 4 3 2 Pulse Measurements w ith Piranha Dose Probe 4 3 3 HVL Quick HVL and Total Filtration 0 0 0 0 cccccccccceeesesseeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeersnseeees 4 4 Fluoroscopy and Pulsed FIUOroSCOpy cceeceeseececeeeeseecesceceeeeeceeseeeeaeeeees 4 4 1 Image Intensifier Input Dose Rate 20 2 cece ccceceeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeseaeeeeeeeeeeeeeseaeeeees 4 4 2 Pulsed FIUOFOSCOPY sess tiene ee A 2K a a de detec T E 45 Mammography riina cee ee i ae 4 5 1 Generalka ai aaea a ool i Ea iaaa E E a Moran E ceed 4 5 2 Setting Up the Piranha for Mammography 4 5 3 kVp Time and Dose Measurements with the Internal detector ee 58 4 5 4 Dose Measurements with the Piranha Dose Probe cccccscceessseeeeessseeeeees 58 4 5 5 QUICKEAV E osev et svat ea t dl wae eee deed conten Aad Nise eed ha nds 59 4 5 6 Mammo Compensations and Corrections c ccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseaeees 59 4 5 6 1 Corrections for the Compression Paddle
15. bootloader 1 First download the latest version of the RTI Updater Setup from RTI Electronics Web site 2 Unzip the file and run the file RTI Updater Setup exe to install it on your PC In the end of the installation process you will get the question if you want to run that updater immediately If you have your Piranha available you can connect it as described in step 3 Answer Yes and continue with step 6 3 Connect the Piranha Use the USB cable that came with your Piranha to connect your Piranha to one of the USB ports on the PC Power on the Piranha Use the power supply to ensure that no power failure occur during the update process If you do not have a power supply available make sure you have fresh batteries in the Piranha You will get a notice about that 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 2 Description of the Piranha Maintenance RTI Updater i It is recommended that you use the power supply for your meter when you update it Tf you do not have a power supply then please make sure that you have fresh batteries 4 Go to Start Menu RTI Electronics RTI Updater and select the RTI Updater 5 The RTI Updater starts and locates the Piranha automatically if it is connected to an USB port p RTI Updater Xal Settings Help Serial Status Firmware 1 C82 09110603 Will be updated Firmware 2 Will be updated Model 657 Information RTI Current task Ready to update press s
16. calculate the irradiation time 2 7 3 Settings Internal detector Here general measurement settings for the Internal detector are shown You can find information about the different parameters below Sensitivity This is used to set the dose and TF sensitivity for the Internal Dose TF detector The sensitivity can be set to Low High and Very High 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 42 2 Description of the Piranha Measurement Settings Sensitivity kV This is used to set the kV sensitivity for the Internal detector The sensitivity can be set to Low and High Delay The delay time defines how long time the Piranha shall wait before starting to measure kVp after that radiation has been detected Window This gives the possibility to define a fixed time that Piranha measures kVp after that the delay time has expired Default value is always Infinite 2 7 4 Settings Other Detectors Sensitivity This is used to set the sensitivity for the electrometer module The sensitivity can be set to Lowand High Threshold This is used to set the trig level It can be set to Low x Normal 2x 4x and 8x The default value is Normal The setting Low can be used iflow signals are measured and a lower trig level is required However the risk for false triggering increases when Low is used To avoid false triggering in a noisy environment use one of the higher threshold levels Normalize to Note Only for dose detector
17. data as long as radiation is detected Displays in the QABrowser are updated about every four seconds Typically used for Fluoroscopy Reset time is one second e Timed the user sets a measurement time The user then starts the measurement and the Piranha will measure all radiation received during the measurement time without any trig levels or background compensation When the time has passed a reading will be presented It has along reset time for increased accuracy which varies with the sensitivity as seen in the table below e Free run the Piranha will continuously measure the radiation without any trig levels or background compensations No applications are available when using this mode The mode has a feature called moving average which calculates the average of the measured values during a defined time to increase accuracy by lowering the time resolution This function gives a larger stability to the measurements Free run also has a long reset time for increased accuracy see the table below In Ocean the Normal Mode automatically handles After exp and Continuous modes Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 3 Measurement Principles amp Theory Update Modes Default value is set according to selected type of measurement and this parameter normally never needs to be manually changed unless really low level measurements are to be accomplished However to measure on real low level signals the Timed or Free run update mode ma
18. depending on what you want to measure 4 5 3 kVp Time and Dose Measurements with the Internal detector Set up the Piranha and the handheld computer according to the description in Setting Up the Piranha for Mammography 5 1 Select Type of Measurement and Parameter as shown below 2 Select the correct radiation beam quality 3 Make a Position Check as shown above Itis recommended to make the check at 28 kV After the check the Piranha automatically changes back to the previously selected kV range 4 Set kVp and mAs or mAttime to the desired values 5 Make an exposure The RTI logo flashes to indicate that the Piranha has detected the exposure 6 Read the values There are some mammographic units that are bit peculiar when it comes to kV measurements for instance The Hologic Selenia and IMS Giotto In those cases RTI have updated Application Notes and there may be some even for other units Please check the RTI Electronics website www rtigroup com for the latestinfo For Sectra MDM Fischer Senoscan and other scanning beam units please see the section Scanning Beam Mammographyl 63 4 5 4 Dose Measurements with the Piranha Dose Probe Tip Itis often more convenient to use the Piranha to measure dose fora mammography tube since no manual energy compensation has to be done as is the case with the Piranha Dose Probe or TP compensation for an ionization chamber Measuring procedure Piranha Reference
19. device and which is used for imaging or treatment User Physicians and other responsible for the radiation exposure of patients Voxel A volume element in the object being imaged The mean attenuation coefficient of the voxel determines the CT Hounsfield number of the pixel Whole body dose equivalent Hwb The dose equivalent associated with the uniform irradiation of the whole body Workload W The degree of use of a radiation source For X ray machines operating at tube potentials below 500 kV the workload is usually expressed in milliampere minutes per week For gammabeam therapy sources and for photon emitting equipment operation at 500 kV or above the workload is usually stated in terms of the weekly kerma of the useful beam at one meter from the source and is expressed in grays per week at one meter Xeroradiography The production of an image on a xerographic plate e g electrically charged selenium by the action of X rays transmitted through the patient xeromammography Mammography carried out by the xeroradiographic process X ray tube Evacuated vessel for the production of xradiation by the bombardment of a target usually contained in an anode with electrons accelerated from a cathode by an electric field Thus Rotating anode X ray tube Double focus X ray tube Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D Index 93 Index Note Page references in this Index points to the first page of the section it i
20. factor of 2 i e 1 2 4 8 16 33 66 131 262 and 524 seconds The setting for Waveform recording time may affect the Irradiation time calculation Make sure to set back the Waveform recording time to the lowest choice after temporarily modifying it Please also note that in QABrowser the waveforms are limited to between 0 32 and 4 seconds Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 2 Description of the Piranha Hardware and Specifications 2 4 1 4 Typical Response Piranha The table below shows the typical response for the Piranha at standardised radiation qualities Radiography Fluoroscopy and Dental measured using RTI RQ Code R1 WAI Is energy air Eben IEC 6 kerma keV om ay mm Al Rel RRS Dv40 Dv50 Dv60 DV70 Dv80 Dv90 DV 100 DV 120 Dv 150 Note These values are typical values measured at PTB in Germany in 2014 energy air Total ISO 4037 kerma Filtration Al Factor kQ IEC 61267 keV mm AI Rel RQR 5 DH40 30 22 1 0321 DH50 3 74 DH60 DH70 DH80 DH90 Note These values are typical values measured at PTB in Germany in 2014 Mammography Mo 30 um Mo and 30 um Mo 2 mm Al measured using RTI RQ Code M1 Mean energy Air kerma measurement air kerma keV 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 2 Description of the Piranha Hardware and Specifications eo eee a aes E Pe mws Roam 1888 oeo 1 0001 Note These values are typical values measured at PTB in Germany
21. field as for a normal exposure and continue measure as for a standard measurement 4 Make sure to use the Piranha internal detector as trig source This will make the system trigger on the radiation and thereby avoid self triggering by ground loops in the high tension cables 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 4 Measurements with the Piranha System Tube Current Probes 5 Do a Reset before the first exposure 6 Make an exposure If you get a message Negative Signal the mAs probe is probably connected in the wrong direction Change the direction of the mAs probe press the Reset button on the mAs probe do a Reset and make a new exposure If using Individual trig Since the MAS 2 probe is based on measurement of magnetic flux false triggering may occur due to electrical noise when the pre heat is started and the anode starts to rotate If you get incorrect or inconsistent results try the following e First start anode rotation without firing the exposure e While the anode is rotating tap Reset or press corresponding button Make the exposure when the reset procedure is finished 4 9 Light Measurement The Piranha Light Probe is a highly sensitive light detector It has two different adapters to measure the quantities luminance and illuminance The most common applications for the Piranha Light Probe are luminance cd m measurements on CRTs monitors and viewing boxes and illuminance lx measurements of ambient light in
22. four seconds Click Hold to freeze the currently shown value in the display The waveform is also acquired when Hold is activated Release Pause Hold the display will continue updating the display continuously 4 Stop the fluoroscopy 5 Read the values 4 4 2 Pulsed Fluoroscopy Select type of measurementin similar way as for normal continuously fluoroscopy to setup the system Piranha is set up for this application to calculate the number of pulses per second Hzor pps the dose pulse and pulse dose rate The picture below explain the difference between the pulse dose rate and the traditional dose rate Pulse dose rate Dose rate Note that for DC waveform pulse dose rate and dose rate gives the same value 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 4 Measurements with the Piranha System Fluoroscopy and Pulsed Fluorosco When measuring tube voltage on pulsed fluoroscopy there is an additional waveform type available This waveform type is called pulsed and is recommended for pulsed fluoroscopy measurements especially ifthe pulses are not square wave shaped since this can resultin low tube voltage readings 4 5 Mammography This topic will describe how to measure kVp dose HVL AGD MGD and time ona mammography unit using the Piranha 4 5 1 General To measure kVp on a mammography unit is straightforward This is true since the Piranha automatically can detect whether the detector area is not fully uniformly irra
23. image from the X rays transmitted by the patient Examples screen film system stimulable phosphor solid state detector Inherent filtration Filter between the radiation source and the output window of the X ray equipment See filter Initial X ray tube voltage In a capacitor discharge X ray generator X ray tube voltage at the beginning of the loading of the X ray tube Installation Aradiation source with associated equipment and the space in which it is located Interlock A device used to assure proper and safe use of a radiation installation by monitoring usually by electrical devices the status presence or position of various associated devices such as source position collimator opening beam direction door closure filter presence and preventing the production or emission of radiation if the potential for an unsafe condition is detected lonization Formation ofions by the division of molecules or by the addition or removal of electrons from atoms or molecules Sl unit C Coloumb lonization chamber lonization detector consisting of a chamber filled with a suitable gas in which an electric field insufficient to induce gas multiplication is provide for the collection at the electrodes of charges associated with ions and the electrons produced in the sensitive volume of the detector by ionizing radiation lonization constant For air the ionization constant W e 33 97 J C The ionization constantis used to get th
24. in 2014 Mammography Mo 1 mm Al measured using RTI RQ Code M8 Radiation quality Mean energy air kerma keV Note These values are typical values measured at PTB in Germany in 2009 and 2014 Mammography Mo 25 um Rh measured using RTI RQ Code M3 Note These values are typical values measured at PTB in Germany in 2009 and 2014 Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 2 Description of the Piranha Hardware and Specifications Mammography Rh 25 um Rh measured using RTI RQ Code M4 air kerma keV Note These values are typical values measured at PTB in Germany in 2009 and 2014 Mammography W 0 5 mm Al measured using RTI RQ Code M7 air kerma keV Note These values are typical values measured at PTB in Germany in 2009 and 2014 Mammography W 50 um Rh measured using RTI RQ Code M6 Mean energy air kerma keV Note These values are typical values measured at PTB in Germany in 2009 and 2014 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 2 Description of the Piranha Hardware and Specifications Mammography W 50 um Ag measured using RTI RQ Code M10 Mean energy Air kerma measurement air kerma Note These values are typical values measured at PTB in Germany in 2009 and 2014 2 4 1 5 Angular Sensitivity Piranha In this section you can see graphs of the typical angular sensitivity for dose measured with the Piranha at 28 and 70 kV The setup is shown in figures
25. must change 30 C or 54 F Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 2 Description of the Piranha Measurement Settings Pulse rate Ifa pulsed mode is used like pulsed fluoroscopy or pulsed radiography cine the pulse rate can be specified in pulses per second same as Hz This allows you to get a dose pulse reading even if the detector used e g ion chamber is too slow for the Piranha electrometer to detect the pulses Asolid state detector like the Piranha Dose Probe is however fast enough to detect the frequency even for very low level signals Compression paddle For mammography itis sometimes easier to do measurements with the compression paddle in the field The compression paddle will however affect the Piranha kV and dose reading With this setting all the measured values kV dose and HVL will be corrected according to what the user has selected When selected you will see the settings for Scatter factor and Equivalent thickness The thickness is given in mm Al If you do not know ask the manufacturer or make a comparison with Aluminium filters Scatter factor lf an ion chamber is positioned just below the compression paddle the measured dose will rise because of side scattering from the compression paddle material The effect of this is depending on the ion chambers angular dependence Since the Piranha is almostinsensitive to this you can put a number here to compare readings from the Piranha with readings from a
26. pulse 0 3Gy puse 0 3 Gy pulse Pulse dose rate Low er limit 10 uGy s 70 mR min otherwise same as for air kerma rate Min output peak doserate Doserate min pulse w idth High Sensitivity 0 23 uGy s 4 ms 1 8 uGy s 0 5 ms Low Sensitivity 10 uGy s 4 ms 73 uGy s 0 5 ms Pulse rate Normally 0 5 100 Hz resolution 0 5 Hz 4 ms 2000s pulse w idth min peak doserate 4 ms 0 23 uGy s 0 5 ms 1 8 uGy s pulse top to bottom Irradiation time 1 65535 pulses resolution 1 pulse 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 2 Description of the Piranha Hardware and Specifications Note 1 Max dose pulse depends on the pulse length Waveform recording time At max sampling rate 1024 ms 2 kSa s At min sampling rate 524 s 4 Sa s A total of 8 recording times are available all separated bya factor of 2 i e 1 2 4 8 16 33 66 131 262 and 524 seconds The setting for Waveform recording time may affect the Irradiation time calculation Make sure to set back the Waveform recording time to the lowest choice after temporarily modifying it Please also note that in QABrowser the waveforms are limited to between 0 32 and 4 seconds The table below shows the typical response for the Piranha RTI External Dose Probe at standardised radiation qualities Radiation quality Mean Air kerma measureme energy air Total kerma Filtration IEC 6 keV mm AI mm Al el RQR 5 0993 0988 0
27. responsibility to dispose of the user s waste equipment by handing it over to a designated collection point for the recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment The separate collection and recycling of waste a equipment at the time of disposal will help to conserve natural resources and ensure that itis recycled in a manner that protects human health and the environment For more information about where you can drop off your waste equipment for recycling please contact your local distributor from whom you purchased the product Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 2 Description of the Piranha Standards and Compliances 2 5 2 Manufacturer s Declaration of Conformity Declaration of Conformity We RTI Electronics AB G teborgsv gen 97 50 SE 431 37 M LNDAL Sweden declare under our sole responsibility that the product Product name Piranha Model name 140 to 657 Type of equipment kV amp Electrometer Intended use of this product See separate document no 2 CE 9620000 0 Intended use of the Barracuda and Piranha is in conformity with the provisions of the following EC Directive s e 2004 108 EC Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive EMC e 2006 95 EC Low Voltage Directive LVD and that the following standards and or technical specifications referenced below have been applied EN 55022 B EN 55014 EN 60950 part 5 2 2 and 5 2 3 EN 60601 1 2 part 19 EN 61000 3 2 EN 61000 4 2 EN 61000 4 3 EN
28. that low level readings may give inaccurate kV readings e For long duration measurements cases with slowly rising and falling output or cases with very low pulse rate timed mode may also be useful For instance on CT machines where the rotation cannot be stopped 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 3 Measurement Principles amp Theory Update Modes 3 2 2 Using Free Run Update Mode Free run update mode works almost exactly as the ordinary Continuous update mode There are however two differences 1 Since there is no trig level you will be able to measure lower but there will be no time reading unless the signal goes over the trig level 2 You can select a moving average function This lets you seta time for moving average this time acts as a averaging window moving through time Moving average This function is intended for low level dose rate measurements where increased sensitivity and stability is needed The function uses a moving average algorithm where the number of seconds is selected by the user During the reset process the user must make sure that the detector is not exposed to radiation After the reset procedure the Piranha will start to show a value calculated as the sum of the last X values divided by X X is the number of seconds chosen by the user For each new second that passes the last value in the stack will be discarded and a new value added This means of course that it will take X seconds before the Pi
29. the tube current The measurementis performed in the same way if you use a multi parameter display In that case the default trig is the Piranha and whatis said below about false triggering can be ignored The MAS 1 probe provides an invasive way to measure mAand mAs on X ray generators The MAS 1 probe should be connected to the X ray generator mAs socket The figure to the left shows the Piranha MAS 1 Probe Read the MAS 1User s Manual for a detailed description on how to connect it To measure tube charge mAs with the Piranha MAS 1 Probe 1 Connect the MAS 1 probe to the X ray generator as described in the MAS 1 User s Manual 2 Connect the MAS 1 probe to the external probe input 3 Place the Piaranha internal detector in the X ray field as for a normal exposure and continue measure as for a standard measurement If you get a message about Negative Signal the currentis floating in the wrong direction in the mAs probe Switch the two connectors that are connected in the mAs measuring socket do a Reset and make a new exposure Since the MAS 1 probe is connected in the X ray generator false triggering may occur due to electrical noise when the pre heatis started and the anode starts to rotate If you get incorrect or inconsistent results try the following e First start anode rotation without firing the exposure e While the anode is rotating do a Reset or press the corresponding button Make Piranha Reference Manual 201
30. to position the Piranha or the external Dose Probe and HVL filters in any angle including upside down Use the light field or other help to position the Piranha in the X ray field The Piranha detector is not sensitive for different field sizes as long as the entire sensitive detector area is irradiated but try to keep the field size down to minimize scattering Itis recommended to position the Piranha in such a way that the detector area is orientated perpendicular to the anode cathode axis to avoid the heel effect Adjust the collimator so the radiation clearly covers the detector rectangle marked on the Piranha top panel but try to keep the field size inside the top panel size to minimize scatter Recommended field 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 2 Description of the Piranha Setting Up the Piranha size is 20x40 mm Furthermore the Piranha top surface should optimally be placed perpendicular to the focal spot see also Angular Sensitivity Piranhal 24 3 Connect with Handheld via Bluetooth or with Ocean via included USB cable or via Bluetooth 2 4 Hardware and Specifications Specifications are valid after a warm up time of one minute and presuming reference conditions All specifications are for use together with the Piranha unless otherwise stated All specifications can be changed without prior notice RTI Electronics AB assumes no responsibility for any errors or consequential damages that may result from the misuse or
31. with the Piranha are automatically compensated for the actual beam radiation quality This means that no manual corrections of measured data is needed rr am The range indicator can be viewed behind a f i little lid that can be pushed to the side Make E y Li a e5 sure to close it afterwards to avoid light leaking into the detector Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 2 Description of the Piranha Hardware and Specifications 2 4 1 2 Power amp Communication Specifications Power Source Power supply 5 V AC DC adapter w ith Mini USB connector internal battery or USB cable supply from PC Battery operated One 2000 mAh Li lon battery Operation time typically 15 hours Typical charging times are listed below External power 100 240 V AC 50 60 Hz with external adapter Power output On connector marked 5V OUT for supply charging of Palm Only functional w hen AC DC adapter is connected to USB port Typical Battery Charging and Running Times Charging time 17h 27h i 7 3 h h 30h 32h Note that other mains power solutions that uses a regular USB cable to connect to the Piranha will behave like USB in the table Communication use Mex 12 Mbois USB v1 1 Bluetooth 115 kbit s 2 4 1 3 Specifications Piranha The inaccuracyis here defined as the root of the square sum of systematic errors which has not been eliminated and random errors dispersion around a mean value Th
32. 10 5 is suitable for GE CT tubes with a 10 5 anode angle Note 4 CT dose is measured with a CT ionization chamber connected to a Piranha Chamber Adapter See Piranha Chamber Adapter manual for details 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 2 Description of the Piranha Hardware and Specifications Pulses Dose pulse 2 5 uGy pulse 0 9 Gy pulse with wide range option WR 8 nGy pulse 0 9 Gy pulse Pulse dose rate Low er limit 10 uGy s 70 mR min otherwise same as for air kerma rate with wide range option WR Low er limit 10 uGy s 70 mR min otherwise same as for air kerma rate Min output peak dose rate dose rate min pulse w idth High Sensitivity 4 uGy s 4 ms 30 uGy s 0 5 ms Low Sensitivity 20 uGy s 4 ms 160 uGy s 0 5 ms Pulsewidth ms 20008 o 5 95 Minimum pulse width pulse w idth min dose rate High Sensitivity 4 ms 4 uGy s 0 5 ms 30 uGy s Low Sensitivity 4 ms 20 uGy s 0 5 ms 160 uGy s Minimum ripple 50 pulse top to bottom Irradiation time 1 65535 pulses resolution 1 pulse Note 1 Max dose pulse depends on the pulse length Note 2 All kerma and kerma rate ranges inaccuracy and resolution figures are valid for product version 2 and higher of the Piranha Waveform recording time At max sampling rate 1024 ms 2 kSa s QABrow ser 320 ms At min sampling rate 524 s 4 Sa s QABrow ser 4 s A total of 8 recording times are available all separated by a
33. 10 meters 32 feet in free air for a class 2 Bluetooth adapter like the D Link DBT 122 for a class 1 Bluetooth adapter like the Targus ACB20EU the theoretical range is up to 100 metres This can be significantly shorter if there are walls and other objects obstructing the signal Bluetooth and a Palm OS handheld works out of right out of the box while using Bluetooth and PC usually requires some work If itis possible for you to use a USB cable with your PC and meter then this is recommended Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 5 Problems and Solutions 75 Bluetooth 5 2 1 Bluetooth Passkey There are two different ways to use Bluetooth with you meter without a passkey and with a passkey also called PIN code authentication and Bluetooth security code All meters and accessories that are delivered from RTI Electronics from the first quarter of 2010 are configured to use a passkey 0000 Drawbacks of using a Passkey If you enable a passkey you might experience some drawbacks e Ifyou use your meter with Bluetooth communication with more than one PC or with a PC and a Palm OS handheld you might need depending on your hardware to add the meter also called to pair a device or to add as a trusted device with the PC handheld every time you have used another PC or handheld with the meter e With a Palm OS handheld you cannot just simply start the QABrowser with Bluetooth You need to first add the meter as a trusted device
34. 5 05 5 5D 4 Measurements with the Piranha System Tube Current Probes the exposure when the reset procedure is finished The MAS 1 probe can also be used for measurement of tube current during fluoroscopy To measure fluoroscopy tube current with the Piranha MAS 1 Probe Do as for tube charge mAs as described above but please note that for low mA values the mAs and the exposure time may not be measured 4 8 2 MAS 2 Non invasive mAs Probe This section describes how to measure mAs using the Piranha in the xray beam to trigger the measurement This means that the measurement starts when the Piranha detects the radiation The MAS 2 probe uses a current clamp probe to measure mAs and mAnon invasively The MAS 2 probe is mostly used for mAs measurements since itis not sensitive enough to measure tube current on fluoroscopy The lowest tube current that can be measured with MAS 2 is 10 mA The figure to the left shows the MAS 2 probe without the cable The parameter mAs is available for most type of measurements but mAs is normally measured only for X ray exposures To measure tube charge mAs with the Piranha MAS 2 Probe 1 Connect the MAS 2 probe to the X ray generator Then power on the MAS 2 by turning the range switch to the 4 Arange and make a Reset of the MAS 2 probe by pressing the yellow knob on the probe 2 Connect the MAS 2 adapter cable to the Piranha 3 Place the Piranha internal detector in the X ray
35. 61000 4 4 EN 61000 4 5 EN 61000 4 6 EN 61000 4 11 ETS 300 342 1 M lndal 2007 06 12 Address RTI Electronics AB e G teborgsv gen 97 50 e SE 43137 M LNDAL e Sweden Phone 46 0 31 7463600 e Fax 46 0 31 270573 e E mail info rtise e Web www rti se 2 CE 9629001 0 Tillverkardeklaration Piranha odt Revision B 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 2 Description of the Piranha Standards and Compliances Uy RTI Intended Use of the Barracuda and Piranha 2 5 3 Intended Use Accessory to diagnostic X ray equipment to be used as an electrometer Together with external probes it is to be used for independent service and quality control as well as measurements of kerma kerma rate kVp tube current exposure time luminance and illuminance within limitations stated below If installed according to accompanying documents the product is intended to be used together with all diagnostic X ray equipment except for therapeutical X ray sources X ray equipment with tube potential below 18 kV X ray equipment on which the instrument cannot be mounted properly e g equipment where the beam field size is narrower than the active part of the detector specific types of X ray equipment listed in the instructions for use or in additional information from the manufacturer With the X ray installation in stand by conditions without patients present the product is intended to be used to provide the operator with infor
36. Electronics Inc 33 Jacksonville Road Bldg 1 Towaco NJ 07082 USA Phone 800 222 7537 Toll free Int 1 973 439 0242 Fax Int 1 973 439 0248 E mail Sales sales us rtigroup com Support support us rtigroup com Service service us rtigroup com Web site http www rtigroup com Piranha Reference Manual v intended Use Intended Use of the Piranha System Accessory to diagnostic X ray equipment to be used as an electrometer Together w ith external probes it is to be used for independent service and quality control as well as measurements of kerma kerma rate kVp tube current exposure time luminance and illuminance w ithin limitations stated below If installed according to accompanying documents the product is intended to be used together with all diagnostic X ray equipment except for therapeutical X ray sources X ray equipment w ith tube potential below 18 kV X ray equipment on w hich the instrument cannot be mounted properly e g equipment w here the beam field size is narrow er than the active part of the detector specific types of X ray equipment listed in the instructions for use or in additional information from the manufacturer With the X ray installation in stand by conditions without patients present the product is intended to be used to provide the operator w ith information on radiation beam parameters that might influence further steps in an examination but not an ongoing exposure
37. Fluoroscopy e Timed the user sets a measurement time The user then starts the measurement and the Piranha will measure all radiation received during the measurement time without any trig levels When the time has passed a reading will be presented e Free run the Piranha will continuously measure the radiation without any trig levels Default value is set according to selected type of measurement and this parameter normally never needs to be manually changed unless really low level measurements are to be accomplished Waveform The Piranha can sample a maximum of 2048 samples rec time Ocean supports the full depth but the QABrowser is only able to show a total of 640 samples The sampling interval is normally 0 5 ms giving a total measurement window of 1024 ms in Ocean and 320 ms when using the QABrowser Byincreasing the sampling interval a much longer sampling window can however be selected This is very handy when longer exposure times are used and the waveforms need to be viewed Start after delay When this is selected the waveform recoding will start after the set delay This can be useful if you want to study a phenomenon that occurs after the normal waveform recording time When this is selected the electrometer waveform will not show simultaneously and you will get a warning that the irradiation time measurement is inaccurate The reason for this is that the Piranha needs the waveform from start to be able to accurately
38. Manual 2015 05 5 5D 4 Measurements with the Piranha System Mammograph 1 Place the Piranha Dose Probe in the field and connect the cable to the Piranha input 2 Setup the Piranha according to the description in Setting Up the Piranha for Mammographyl 5 3 Follow the same step as for the measurements with Piranha but select Dose as parameter You will also need to select the External detector 4 Select radiation quality from the detector list 5 SetkVp and mAs or mAttime to desired values 6 Make an exposure 7 Read the dose value The dose reading has to be corrected manually according to the Piranha Dose Probe DETECTOR DATA manual unless set values for kVis used in Ocean ip You may store the correction as a Beam Correction Factor in a Favourite for a specific kV to do the correction automatically To geta good HVL value using the Piranha Dose Probe you must correct it according to the tables in the Piranha Dose Probe DETECTOR DATA manual Itis often more convenient to measure HVL with the Piranha using the built in HVL application 4 5 5 Quick HVL Quick HVL The Piranha is able to measure HVL for mammography in one shot Quick HVL is available for measurements with or without compression paddle 4 5 6 Mammo Compensations and Corrections Here various corrections and compensations are described that are of special importance for mammography 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 4 Measurements wi
39. Piranha Reference Manual English Version 5 5D RTI article number 9629053 00 Welcome to the Piranha The Piranha is an X ray Analyser Multimeter for everybody working with Quality Assurance and Service of X ray systems Uy rt Notice Pom NOTICE RTI Electronics AB reserves all rights to make changes in the Piranha and the information in this document without prior notice RTI Electronics AB assumes no responsibility for any errors or consequential damages that may result from the use or misinterpretation of any information contained in this document Copyright 2001 2015 by RTI Electronics AB All rights reserved Content of this document may not be reproduced for any other purpose than supporting the use of the product without prior permission from RTI Electronics AB Palm palmOne and TUNGSTEN are trademarks of PalmOne Inc Microsoft Windows Win32 Windows XP 2003 Vista 7 and 8 are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and or other countries BLUETOOTH is a trademark owned by Bluetooth SIG Inc USA Contact Information World Wide RTI Electronics AB Fl jelbergsgatan 8 C SE 431 37 MOLNDAL Sweden Phone Int 46 31 7463600 Fax Int 46 31 270573 E mail Sales sales rtigroup com Support support rtigroup com Service service rtigroup com Web site http www rtigroup com 2015 05 5 5D Contact Information United States RTI
40. a odt version 1 3 2006 06 Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 2 Description of the Piranha Standards and Compliances 2 5 4 FCC Certification Piranhas of product version 3 1 and newer contains FCC certified transmitter module Bluetooth FCC ID R47F2M03GX This device has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in commercial environment This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used according with the instruction manual may cause harmful interference to radio communication Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense 2 6 Maintenance 2 6 1 Updating the Piranha Firmware All firmware that is controlling the function of the Piranha is stored in flash memory to allow quick and easy update The RTI Updater with the latest firmware is always available free of charge on the RTI Electronics Web site at http Awww rtigroup com To update your Piranha you must first download the latest version and install iton a PC The PC needs to have an USB port You will need to have access to an administrative account to install the software To update the Piranha firmware or
41. a room or in front of a CRT Read the Piranha Light Probe User s Manual fora detailed description of practical use and explanation of the theory behind the units and quantities of light The monitor adapter is shown to the left and the lux adapter to the right Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 4 Measurements with the Piranha System Light Measurement 4 9 1 Luminance Monitor Viewbox cd m Read the Piranha Light Probe User s Manual to get information about how to do different type of measurements and how to use the different adapters To measure luminance cd m 1 Attach the monitor adapter to the Piranha Light Probe as described in the Piranha Light Probe User s Manual 2 Connect the Piranha Light Probe to the Piranha 3 Set up the Piranha and the handheld computer according to the description in Setting Up the Piranhal 17 4 Make a Reset Place the Piranha Light Probe onto the surface where you want to measure the luminance 5 Press and hold the shutter Read the value You can now move the Piranha Light Probe to other points and continue measure the light 4 9 2 IIluminance Ambient Light Ix Read the Piranha Light Probe User s Manual to get information about how to do different type of measurements and how to use the different adapters To measure illuminance Ix 1 Attach the lux adapter to the Piranha Light Probe as described in the Piranha Light Probe User s Manual 2 Connect the Piranha Ligh
42. age radiation All radiation coming from within the source assembly except for the useful beam Note Leakage radiation includes the portion of the radiation coming directly from the source and not absorbed by the source assembly as well as the scattered radiation produced within the source assembly Magnification imaging An imaging procedure carried out with magnification usually produced by purposeful introduction of distance between the subject and the image receptor Measured value Estimate of the true value of a quantity derived from the indicated value of a meter after applying all relevant correction factors Medical diagnostic radiology Medical diagnosis using ionizing radiation Modulation transfer function MTF Amathematical entity that expresses the relative response of an imaging system or 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 6 Glossar 88 system component to sinusoidal inputs as a function of varying spatial frequency which is often expressed in linepairs per millimetre lp mm the correct unit is however m or often mm The reference value most commonly used is that for zero frequency The MTF can be thought of as a measure of spatial resolution of the detector system Sl unit m Monitor personnel See personnel monitor Occupancy factor T The factor by which the workload should be multiplied to correct for the degree of occupancy by any one person ofthe area in question while the source is in t
43. al unit of dose equivalent was the rem One sievert equals 100 rem SI unit Sv J kg Dose rate meter Radiation meter intended to measure absorbed dose per unit time Dosemeter Radiation meter intended to measure absorbed dose Effective dose equivalent HE Quantity used to express the weighted DOSE EQUIVALENT to the whole body when it is irradiated non uniformly or partially Exposure X A measure of the quantity of X ray or gamma radiation based upon its ability to ionize air through which it passes The SI unit of exposure is coulomb per kilogram The previously used special unit of exposure was r ntgen R 1 R 2 58 x 104 C kg exactly The physical quantity exposure is now replaced by the quantity kerma in air An exposure of 114 1 R is equal to an Air Kerma of 1 Gy That means thatthe value in R should be multiplied by 8 76 to get the Air Kerma in mGy SI unit C kg Exposure rate X Exposure per unit time Exposure rate is determined as the quotient of dX by dt where dXis the increment of exposure in the time interval dt X dX dt A unit of exposure rate is any quotient of the unit of exposure or its multiples or submultiples bya suitable unit of time C kg s mC kg h etc SI unit C kg s Filter In radiological equipment material or device provided to effect filtration of the radiation beam SI unit mm Filter Inherent filter The filter permanently in the useful beam it includes the window of t
44. aphic Direct radiography of a part of or the complete dentition by the use of an intra oral X ray tube See also Orthopantomography Diagnostic source assembly Adiagnostic source housing X ray tube housing assembly with a beam limiting device attached This assembly shall be so constructed that the leakage radiation air kerma measured ata distance of one meter from the source does not exceed 1 mGy 0 1 rad in one hour when the source is operated atits leakage technique factors See definition Digital radiography Adiagnostic procedure using an appropriate radiation source and an imaging system which collects processes stores recalls and presents image information in a digital rather than analogue fashion Digital subtraction An image processing procedure used to improve image contrast by subtracting one digitized image from another Dose equivalent H A quantity defined for radiation protection purposes which is the product of the absorbed dose to the tissue and a quality factor Q determined by the properties of the radiation that produced the absorbed dose For X rays gamma rays and 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 84 6 Glossary electrons Q 1 and dose equivalent values are numerically equal to absorbed dose values when consistent units are used for both quantities The SI unit for dose equivalent is joule per kilogram The special name for the SI unit of dose equivalentis sievert Sv The previous speci
45. aveform type Determine means thata new analyse of the waveform will be performed for the next exposure The result will be displayed on screen The waveform types supported are DC HF Single Phase 3 Phase 6 Pulse 3 Phase 12 Pulse AMX 4 Pulsed The first four can be automatically determined when Estimate is chosen The selected or set waveform is also shown with a symbol on the QABrowser Real Time Display see the QABrowser manual In Ocean using Quick Check you need to select the generator waveform type for each measurement session Default is HF Constant potential AMX 4 The difficulties when measuring tube voltage on a GE AMX 4 is a well known problem Due to high kV ripple ata frequency of 2 kHzitis hard for most non invasive kVp meters to follow the kV waveform correctly 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 38 2 Description of the Piranha Measurement Settings This waveform type has an agreement with measurements made with the Keithley Triad System 37946C mobile filter pack 50 135 kV which is the only filter package recommended by GE According to GE the use of the standard Keithley 37617C W R filter pack 50 150 kV is not good enough The results have further been verified with measurements with a traceable high voltage divider that has sufficient bandwidth to accurately follow the kV ripple from the AMX 4 Therefore itis important to select the AMX 4 waveform under Settings Conditions More abo
46. below 5 Da xy rey N P This directional behaviour makes it excellent for reproducible measurements with less influence by nearby spreading matter This makes it possible to make accurate HVL measurements even when measuring with bad geometry which is especially interesting for mammography To understand please see the polar plot shown below The Piranha is shown to the left and a typical mammographic ion chamber to the right Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 2 Description of the Piranha Hardware and Specifications Polar ee 28 kV Polar Sensitivity 28 kV Chamber FRONT 05 BACK BACK There are two different graphs depending on the product version of your Piranha The product version is the version number you can find on the label on the bottom of the Piranha If the version of your Piranha is 1 X use the graphs marked v1 For 2 X and higher use graphs marked v2 For v1 Xitis however important that you place the detector surface perpendicular to the direction of the radiation source or that you make corrections according to the tables in section Corrections for Angular Sensitivity 6 For radiography this is generally no problem since most measurements are performed in the middle of the field perpendicular to the incident radiation 40 e lt
47. ce Piranha can automatically detect whether the detector area is not fully uniformly radiated or not by means of the Position Check and also compensates for the beam Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 4 Measurements with the Piranha System Dental and Panoramic Dental filtration during the scan You can either select the tube voltage as single parameter or together with dose dose rate and exposure time As complementary information an estimation of the total filtration in the beam and type of waveform are made This features use the kVp filter R1 4 that also is the default kV range 55 105 kV when the instrumentis turned on The displayed dose value has very little energy dependence since itis automatically compensated for each exposure since the kV estimated filtration and the waveform are measured 4 6 1 Waveforms The example below explains why a change of delay change the value of measured kVp and the kV and radiation waveform on a one phase dental unit Delay 0 ms Delay 500 ms From the study of the above three screens several conclusions can be made 1 Astable output level is not reached until after approximately 200 to 300 ms 20 to 30 pulses for a 50 Hz main based dental unit 2 The exposure time is depending on the definition of the trig level 3 The kVp value in the RTD is related to selected delay and window and is several kV higher in the beginning of the exposure at the same time as the radiation le
48. cececcecesceecseeeceeeeeeeceeeeeeecaeeeseeceeeecaeeeseeaeeeeaneeteees 5 1 3 PG Requirements EE NE E EAE ATE AE 6 1 4 Palm OS Computer Requirements cccccceccceesceeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeaeeeeateeteees 6 2 Description of the Piramha cccccceccseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeenes 8 2 1 Indicators ANd COMME CHOSS ececcesescecescescseeeceeeeeeceeeeeeecaeeeseeceseeeaeeeteeeaseesaseeeeees 8 2 2 Setting Up the Piranha for the First Time cceccecescesceceseeeceeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeaes 11 2 3 Setting Up the Piranha wicnt anA hel alaleneneens 11 2 4 Hardware and Specifications eese wee 12 2 4 1 Piranha internal detector Internal detector POE EART 12 2424 1 Goneral ern na a ate A K n a RN 12 2 4 1 2 Power amp Communication Specifications cccceccceeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 13 2 4 1 3 Specifications Piranha bat 2 4 1 4 Typical Response Piranha cccccceccececeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeseaeeseeeeesseeeeseeseeees 2 4 1 5 Angular Sensitivity Piramha ec ee eceecceeeeceneeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeaeeeseeeeeseeseaeees 2 4 2 Piranha External Probes ccceecceeceeeeeeneeeeceeeceeeeeeesaeeseesaeesaeesaeeeaeeeaeeeeeeeneeanes 2 5 Standards and COMPLIANCES oe eeeeeeeceeeeesceceeeeaeecee cesses caeeeseecaeeeseeeeeeeeaes 2 5 1 Waste Hectrical and Hectronic Equipment WEEE set 2 5 2 Manufacturer s Declaration of Conformity cccccecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
49. ctive possible even when and discoverable the power switch is off The multi coloured indicator for Status shows the status of the system e g battery level as described below Also works as Power indicator one of the colours will light when the Piranha is on Battery level The status indicator is used to show the battery level of the Piranha 1 Starting a system running on batteries the status indicates for 3 seconds Green if battery level over 25 4 h left Yellow if battery level between 10 and 25 172 4 h left Red if battery level below 10 lt 1 h left The idea is to get a quick indication when powering on the system if it will take me through today s work 2 When running on batteries the status indicator shows Green gt 2 hours Red tS minutes Flashing red You mayalso check the battery level in the QABrowser or in Ocean See section Power amp Communication Specifications 13 for more information about battery charging and discharging times External Probe port and Opening for filter position viewing 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 410 2 Description of the Piranha Indicators and Connectors Here you attach the external probes that come with some models of the Piranha The portis marked EXT CED Not all models have this port The small square opening above may be used for monitoring the filter position inside the Piranha Product marking Indicates the m
50. de range 15 nGy s 450 mGy s 3 5 or 0 05 mR min option WR 1 7 uR s 50 R s for Irr time gt 20 ms 0 1 mR min 3000 R min Free run 15 nGy s 12 mGy s 2 5 or 7 nGy s High Sensitivity 150 nGy s 12 mGy s 2 5 or 7 nGy s Low Sensitivity 25 uGy s 450 mGy s 2 5 or 0 1 uGy s Estimated total 1 0 90 mmAl 10 or 0 3 mm 2 digits filtration full kV range 15 gt 50 mm Al 0 1 or 1 mm 60 120 kV HF DC gt 10 uGy s Quick HVL 1 2 14mmAl 4 10 or 0 2 mm 3 digits 35 150 kV 60 120 kV HF DC 0 01 or 0 1 mm TF 1 45 mmAl gt 10 uGy s Note 1 This is valid for a tube w ith 14 anode angle The HVL for a 22 anode is typically 0 5 mm low er 80 kV 3 mm TF Note 2 All kerma and kerma rate ranges inaccuracy and resolution figures are valid for product version 2 and higher of the Piranha Note 3 The Kerma rate is calculated as the Kerma Dose divided by the Irradiation time See also Waveforms and Triggers 48 Note 4 The HVL range is valid if also the TF is within its specified range For high TF at high kV the HVL range may be limited by this Mammography Parameter Range Inaccuracy Resolution kVp standard Mo 30 um Mo 18 49 kV 1 5 or 40 7 kV 4 digits Mo 25 um Rh 20 46 kV 2 or 1 kV 10 V Rh 25 um Rh 25 49 kV 2 or 1 kV Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 2 Description of the Piranha Hardware and Specifications Paramet
51. diated by means of the Position Check The mammography kV calibrations available for the Piranha is ranging from 18 to 49 kV To be able to trust the kVp reading itis always very important to make the Position Check to verify that the whole detector area is uniformly irradiated The Position Check is normally started automatically every time you change Radiation Quality but please make sure to doa Position Check every time the Piranha is repositioned The kV and radiation waveform is always stored together with the RTD values and can be displayed by tapping the Wave button The kVp calibration for Piranha is made without the compression paddle in place The purpose of dose measurement is often to determine the ESAK Entrance Surface Air Kerma or ESE Entrance Skin Exposure Itis recommended to perform dose measurements according to a mammography protocol One is the European Protocol on dosimetry in mammography EUR 16263 EN from the European commission Chapter 3 in this protocol describes in detail the determination of AGD Average Glandular Dose or MGD Mean Glandular Dose The AGD is derived from measurements of the HVL and of the ESAK Make use of tabulated conversion factors from ESAK to AGD See Average Glandular Dose AGD MGD I 62 Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 4 Measurements with the Piranha System ma Mammograph 4 5 2 Setting Up the Piranha for Mammography To setup the Piranha 1 Power on the Piranha
52. display The waveform is also acquired when you tap Hold Waveform is also automatically acquired when the selected delay time expires Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 4 Measurements with the Piranha System Fluoroscopy and Pulsed Fluorosco Select I I input dose rate as measuring parameter to be able to measure lowest possible dose rate and tap Hold to freeze current value in the display The total accumulated dose is shoved after you have switched off the fluoroscopy unit 4 4 1 Image Intensifier Input Dose Rate Use patient equivalent phantom to measure the image intensifier input dose rate according to manufacturer s specification 1 Place the Piranha Dose Probe in front of the image intensifier but outside the measuring field for the mA feedback loop You may use the optional detector rod that can be attached to Piranha Dose Probe to position the detector without risk for hazardous X ray exposure Observe the image on the monitor Since the external dose probe Piranha Dose Probe is not sensitive to back scatter a lower value compared to a transmission ion chamber is typically detected typically in the range of 5 20 You may use the beam correction factor to make automatic corrections The p beam correction factor may also be stored permanently in a Favourite for easy access N Start the fluoroscopy w The image intensifier input dose rate is measured and the display is updated approximately every
53. e Available settings are e Individually each detector starts to measure individually when it detects a signal e Internal detector the measurement of all parameters all modules start when the Internal detector starts to measure Default value is always Internal detector when itis used This is the recommended trig source Trig level time Here you can set the level used for irradiation time measurements Trig level time TL is normally set to 50 of the peak waveform SPEAk but can be set between 10 and 90 The irradiation time is then calculated as the end time minus the start time e The start time is the first time the signal goes above TLS 4 e The end time is the last time the signal goes below TLxS _ See example below S 100 Rel signal pex e A 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 tiareo 2 0 s tirrso 4 25 S 10 trio 7 25 S l gt 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Time s Update This setting defines when Piranha shall send measured values to the QABrowser Four different alternatives are available Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 2 Description of the Piranha at Measurement Settings e After exp the display software receives a new value when the exposure terminates e Continuous the Piranha is continuously sending data as long as radiation is detected Values to the display software are updated about every four seconds Typically used for
54. e 16 19 48 86 ISO 4037 21 K Kerma 87 Kerma rate 87 Kilovolt kV 87 kV Sensitivity 41 kVp 16 19 87 ee Lead equivalent 87 Leakage radiation 87 Light measurment 70 Light probe 71 Light Probe Specification 29 Low kVp 46 47 Low Signal 46 47 2015 05 5 5D Luminance 71 lux 71 x 71 Magnification imaging 87 Maintenance 33 Mammography 56 Dose 58 Positioning Piranha 56 Quick HVL 59 Mammography specifications 16 Manufacturer s Declaration of Conformity 31 mAs 68 69 MAS 1 Probe Specifications 28 MAS 2 Current Probe 69 MAS 2 Probe Specifications 29 Mean Glandular Dose 58 62 Measured value 87 Measurement 53 55 Cine 53 Dose 53 Dose per pulse 53 55 Fluoroscopy 54 Image intensifier 55 Mammography 58 Number of pulses 53 Pulse rate 55 Pulsed fluoroscopy 55 Pulsed radiography 53 Radiography 52 Measurement Modes Overview 44 Measurement settings 37 Measuring principle Piranha 49 Medical diagnostic radiology 87 MGD 58 62 Min output peak dose rate 20 Minimum pulse width 20 Minimum ripple 20 Mo Mo Anode Filter combination 56 Mo Rh Anode Filter combination 56 Modes Of Measurement 44 Modulation transfer function MTF 87 Monitor 71 Monitor personnel 87 Moving average 46 N Necessary Rights 78 Piranha Reference Manual 96 Index Negative Signal 47 Normalization distance 37 60 0 Occupancy factor T 88 Operating air pressure 13 Operating temperature 13 Operator 88 OPG 63 Orthopa
55. e calculation of the inaccuracyis based on 15 different measurements and with a confidence level of 95 Of the total inaccuracy random error is 20 and general inaccuracyis 80 Note Irradiation time is often called exposure time in daily use General Operating temperature 15 35 C and relative humidity at lt 80 relative humidity Storage temperature 10 C to 50 C Operating air pressure Minimum 80 106 kPa 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 2 Description of the Piranha Hardware and Specifications Reference conditions 18 C to 23 C Relative humidity 101 3 kPa X ray field size Inside the Piranha top panel Calibration is done w ith field size typically 5 mm less than the size of the top panel Radiation quality Radiography 70 kV 2 5 mmAl Mammography 28 kV 30 um Mo CT 120 kV 2 5 mmAl Note The reference conditions are given in reference to the IEC61674 standard Physical dimensions Detector area 3 x 24 1 mm Detector position 10 mm below top panel as indicated in figure below and by a3 mmrim on 3 edges Size 433 x75 x 26 mm 5 2 x 2 9 x 1 02 Weight Approximately 405 g Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 2 Description of the Piranha Hardware and Specifications Parameters Tube voltage kVp The average of all samples w ith compensation for the ripple default method Irradiation time Exposure time
56. e correspondence between exposure and air kerma See Roentgen and Gray for more information lonization detector Radiation detector based on the use of ionization in the sensitive volume of the detector Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 6 Glossary ma Irradiation time Irradiation time is usually the time a rate of a RADIATION QUANTITY exceeds a specified level Irradiation time is sometimes called Exposure time Sl unit s second Kerma K The sum of the initial kinetic energies of all the charged ionizing particles liberated by uncharged ionizing particles per unit mass of a specified material Kerma is measured in the same unit as absorbed dose The SI unit of kerma is joule per kilogram and its special name is gray Gy Kerma can be quoted for any specified material ata pointin free space or in an absorbing medium Typically the kerma is specified in air Sl unit Gy J kg Kerma rate K Kerma per unit time Kerma rate is determined as the quotient of dK by dt where dk is the increment of kerma in the time interval dt K dK dt A unit of kerma rate is any quotient of the Gray or its multiples or submultiples by a suitable unit of time Gy s mGy h etc Sl unit Gy s J kg s Kilovolt kV Aunit of electrical potential difference equal to 1000 volts kVp See Peak tube voltage Lead equivalent The thickness oflead affording the same attenuation under specified conditions as the material in question Leak
57. e mAand or decrease the distance from X ray tube to detector or change the sensitivity for the dose parameter to High sensitivity or even Very High sensitivity Also the kV sensitivity can be changed You find these settings if you tap the e symbol Reposition Detector The radiation signal on D2 and D1 is not within 5 quota not between 0 95 to 1 05 The most common reason for this is that the detector area is only partially irradiated the detector is tilted or the filtration differs between D2 and D1 e g heel effect e Change the field size or move the detector into the central beam 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 3 Measurement Principles amp Theory Dis play Messages and Active Messages Negative Signal The electrometer module detects a negative signal e Most common is that the mAs probe have been connected in the opposite direction on the HV cable Change the polarity of the current probe e Also small negative drift created from the detector source typically initially after reset can give this message Special care should be taken when using ionization chambers since it may take a few minutes before the initial drift of the electrometer and detector has stabilized e Do a Reset to clear the message e This message does not appear in the Timed and Free run update modes 3 4 Waveforms and Triggers To get an understanding of how triggers delays and windows work take a look at the waveform below This is what ha
58. eck should be used to confirm the position To be able to protect the image intensifier from the relative high output cine pulses a lead apron can be placed over the image intensifier input screen The Piranha automatically measures the number of pulses based on information from the radiation waveform It uses a 50 trig level based on the maximum signal level 4 3 1 kVp Time Dose and Dose Rate Use the same procedure as for the normal radiography measurement Note that if itis difficult to geta good pulse rate reading you may use a manual pulse rate setting as described under Measurement Settings 3A to geta dose per pulse reading 4 3 2 Pulse Measurements with Piranha Dose Probe Use the same procedure as for the normal radiography measurement Note that if it is difficult to get a good pulse rate reading you may use a manual pulse rate setting as described under Measurement Settings 3 to get a dose per pulse reading 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 54 4 Measurements with the Piranha System Cine Pulsed Radiograph 4 3 3 HVL Quick HVL and Total Filtration Use the same procedure as for the normal radiography measurement Note that if itis difficult to get a good pulse rate reading you may use a manual pulse rate setting as described under Measurement Settings 3A to get a dose per pulse reading 4 4 Fluoroscopy and Pulsed Fluoroscopy For under table fluoro measurement turn the Piranha upside down Use the o
59. ect or patient Spot film Aradiograph taken during a fluoroscopic examination for the purpose of providing a permanent record of an area of interest of to verify the filling of a void with contrast media Stray radiation The sum of leakage and scattered radiation Survey See radiation protection survey Target The part of an X ray tube anode assembly impacted by the electron beam to produce the useful X ray beam Tenth value layer TVL Thickness of a specified substance which when introduced into the path of a given 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 92 6 Glossary beam of radiation reduces the kerma rate to one tenth ofits original rate Tomography Aspecial technique to show in detail images of structures lying in a predetermined plane of tissue while blurring or eliminating detail in images of structures in other planes Topogram For CT prior to making the cross sectional scans the CT scanner is normally used to obtain one or more radiograph like reference images as a way of identifying and documenting where the scans are to be made These so called topograms are prepared by keeping the X ray source and the detectors stationary and dragging the specimen through the fan beam by moving the table Also called scout scans pilot scans or scanograms Total filtration The total of inherent filtration and additional filtration Useful beam The radiation which passes through the opening in the beam limiting
60. ed by the Irradiation time See also Waveforms and Triggers 4 amp Note 3 The M6 W 50 um Rh M10 W 50 um Ag M15 W 0 70 mm Al and M18 W 0 30 mm Cu calibrations are suitable for the Hologic Selenia Dimensions and Fuji Amulet M6 M15 only Note 4 The M16 W 50 um Ag Sel and M17 W 50 um Rh Sel calibrations are suitable for Hologic Selenia w ith W anode Note 5 The M7 W 0 5 mmAI calibration is suitable for Philips MicroDose Mammography Sectra 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 2 Description of the Piranha Hardware and Specifications Parameter Range Inaccuracy Resolution Quick HVL 4 Mo 30 um Mo 0 19 0 47 mmAl Mo 25 um Rh 0 31 0 52 mm AIl Rh 25 um Rh 0 33 0 60 mm Al W 50 um Rh 1 0 37 0 75 mmAl W 0 50 mm Al 3 0 24 0 64 mm Al Mo 1 0 mmAl 0 31 0 68 mmAl W 50 umAg 1 0 34 0 69 mmAl W 75 umAg 0 41 0 79 mm Al W 50 um Rh Gio 0 37 0 66 mm Al W 0 70 mmAI 1 0 27 0 81 mmAl W 50 um Ag Sel 2 0 34 0 69 mm AIl W 50 um Rh Sel 2 0 37 0 66 mm AIl W 0 30 mm Cu 1 2 43 4 00 mm Al Note 1 The M6 W 50 um Rh M10 W 50 um Ag M15 W 0 70 mm Al and M18 W 0 30 mm Cu calibrations are suitable for the Hologic Selenia Dimensions and Fuji Amulet M6 M15 only Note 2 The M16 W 50 um Ag Sel and M17 W 50 um Rh Sel calibrations are suitable for Hologic Selenia w ith W anode Note 3 The M7 W 0 5 mmA calibration is suitable
61. ee Oo se Q oO oO T oo aa el gpu j eip 2o Eas ias iks KS m x gt 0 oel a ol amp Q amn o 2 2 c v oO os ot gt gt x amp x amp o0 i N 2 N oO q q O o o oS f T SROanNn OH TAA TO 2a2Ran OH TMA HK DO o e E D G 0 O Oo Oo o o o o e Oo asuodsal annelay esuodsay nyej y 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 2 Description of the Piranha Hardware and Specifications Q ec es T ge O i amp amp OO So zap Jae il S tl p g an N e GW e gt D Sa o 0 x oD z om G co Zo z N N g 8 3 Q S 3 2 o o a 2 v o o o oO o o _ o o o f So esuodsal annejoy asuodsa Aeey 2 4 2 Piranha External Probes The inaccuracy is here defined as the root of the square sum of systematic errors which has not been eliminated and random errors dispersion around a mean value The calculation of the inaccuracy is based on 15 different measurements and with a confidence level of 95 Of the total inaccuracy random error is 20 and general inaccuracyis 80 Note Irradiation time is often called exposure time in daily use Reference conditions 18 C to 23 C Relative humidity 50 101 3 kPa Radiation quality Radiography 70 kV 2 5 mmAl Mammography 28 kV 30 um Mo CT 120 kV 2 5 mmAl Note T
62. eeeeaeeseeeesaeeseaeeeeneeeseaeees 75 5 3 Windows Restricted User ACCOUNTS ececececeseeecseeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeaeeeeaseeteeeaes 76 5 3 1 Which Applications are Needed ecccceeeececceeeeeeceneeeeeeeeeneeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeesaeeeees 76 5 3 2 Installing the Softw are 5 3 3 Setting Necessary Rights 5 4 How To Report a Problem OE E e a A AEN PENEAN O A E E 81 Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D Contents aa 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Introduction 5 About this Manual 1 Introduction 1 1 About this Manual This manual is divided into a few main parts Ageneral description of the Piranha Some theoretical background and basic principles 3 4 Descriptions on performing measurements with the system for different modalities 5 Description of different accessories for the Piranha 6 Troubleshooting tips an FAQ and a glossary Na Users who use the Piranha with only a PC and Ocean are recommended to read at least the following topics e Introduction e Description of the Piranha e Measurements with the Piranha System For the Piranha system calibration data is stored inside the system See section Managing Detector Calibrations 34 for more information Typographical Rules Terms in bold face are references to texts on screenshots like buttons and texts and menu items Other terms are italicized 1 2 Introduction to the Piranha Congrat
63. eeees 2 5 3 Intended WS Sii nanen n tine Ghai ion iain ean 2 5 4 FCG Certification naars cnsn dials keene pase pena 2 6 Maintenance EE E E E ante nelaadiesglei bine dev vies 2 6 1 Updating the Piranha Firmw are 2 6 2 Managing Detector Calibrations 2 7 Measurement Settings 0 tees a 2 7 1 Settings Conditions ipn aeae E aea aa ka adaa a aA aaa 2 7 2 Settings Piranhas eii Aa eaae aier aiaee aae Eat eaaa 2 7 3 Settings Internal detector 2 7 4 Settings Other Detectors 3 Measurement Principles amp The Ory cccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeenees 44 3 1 Overview of Capability for Measurement Modes ssssssisirsererrreerr 44 3 2 Wpdate MOTAS e re a T a ra a aa de eee aE aea e A e aaeain ankas 44 3 2 1 Using Timed Update Mode cccccccceceeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeseaeeeeeeeeeeeeseaeeeeeeeseeeeeseeeeee 45 3 2 2 Using Free Run Update Mode 0 cccccceccececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeesaeeseeeeeeeeeeseeeeees 46 3 3 Display Messages and Active Messages ssssssrrsrisrsierrisiirisiirrirrerss 46 3 3 1 ACtVE gt MeSSaGeGS s nti tonr das a e a ieee a a 46 3 3 2 Display Messages PEERAA 47 3 4 Waveforms and Triggers ou eee 1 48 3 5 Measurement Principle for the Piranha eccececceccseesceeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneenes 49 4 Measurements with the Piranha System ccsccccceeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 52 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 2 Contents 4 1 introduction i a
64. en the detector is perfectly positioned and both detectors have the same radiation the ratio between the two signals should thus be exactly 1 000 This is very useful information and testing this makes sure that your measurement geometry is fine giving reproducible readings The other 5 filter pairs have different thicknesses all optimized for different ranges of the tube voltage two 1 and 2 are used for the low mammography energy range 20 to 45 kV and three filters 3 5 are used for the radiography range 35 to 155 kV 35 75 55 105 and 80 155 kV Using these four signals S1 S4 from detectors D1 to D4 the Piranha can accurately calculate the corresponding tube voltage The signal S3 is not affected by the moveable filters and is designed to measure the dose This detector is marked bya square inside the rectangular detector area on the top panel The reference depth for the sensitive area of the dose detector is 10 mm under the Piranha top panel surface The detector D4 is placed directly under D3 with additional filter in between The ratio between S3 and S4 is used to estimate the total filtration for the radiography range 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 3 Measurement Principles amp Theory Measurement Principle for the Piranha Using these signals together more accurate dose and tube voltage readings can be obtained Since all signals is measured simultaneously and with a relative high speed the Piranha can thu
65. er Range Inaccuracy Resolution W 50 um Rh 3 W 0 50 mmAI5 Mo 1 0 mmAl W 50 umAg 3 W 75pumAg W 50 um Rh Gio W 0 70 mmAI 3 W 50 um Ag Sel 4 W 50 um Rh Sel 4 W 0 30 mm Cu 3 M12 22 35kV M15 3 20 49 kV M16 4 22 39 kV M17 4 22 39 kV M18 3 40 49 kV 2 or 1 kV 2 or 1 kV 2 or 1 kV 2 or 1 kV 2 or 1 kV 2 or 1 kV 1 5 or 0 7 kV 2 or 1 kV 2 or 1 kV 2 or 1 kV kVp optional Mo 30 um Mo 2mmAl Mid 25 35 kV 2 or 1 kV Mo 2 0 mmAl M2 18 49 kV 2 or 1 kV 1 or 0 5 ms 0 5 ms Irradiation time 0 1 ms 2000 s 1 65535 pulses 1 pulse 1 pulse Air kerma Dose 5 uGy 1500 Gy 5 5 25 nGy 1500 Gy 3 uUR 150 kR 10 uGy s 750 mGy s 2 45 or 12 nGy s Typ noise 5 or 41 5 R s 6 nGy s 25 nGy s 750 mGy s 2 45 or 0 1 mR min 30 R s 86 R s for Irr time gt 20 ms 1 8 mR min 5100 R min 25 nGy s 20 mGy s 4 digits 10 V w ith w ide range option WR Air kerma rate 1 Dose rate w ith w ide range option WR Free run High Sensitivity Low Sensitivity 5 or 12 nGy s 0 25 uGy s 20 mGy s 5 or 12 nGy s Typ noise 6 nGy s 45 uGy s 750 mGy s_ 5 or 0 2 uGy s Note 1 All kerma and kerma rate ranges inaccuracy and resolution figures are valid for product version 2 and higher of the Piranha Note 2 The Kerma rate is calculated as the Kerma Dose divid
66. erial Bluetooth Module 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 5 Problems and Solutions Bluetooth 2 Launch RTI Updater from the RTI Electronics folder in the Windows start menu 3 Select the USB connection You cannot use a Bluetooth connection when you want to change the Bluetooth configuration A Bluetooth connection is shown as COMxx 4 Wait for RTI Updater to finish with the startup procedure After a while when itis ready the Start button will be enabled 5 Select Settings Advanced from the menu Now select the Tools menu 7 lf you want to enable the use ofa passkey select Enable Bluetooth Passkey If you experience problems with this then you probably need to update you meter firmware before you can enable the Bluetooth passkey Please run the available updates by pressing Start and then restart the application again to enable the Bluetooth passkey 8 Follow the onscreen instructions e gt If you want to disable the Bluetooth passkey do the same thing but select Disable Bluetooth Passkey instead If you are asked for a PIN code during the startup do not enter a PIN code just cancel instead Because if you do you will have activated your Bluetooth and RTI Updater cannot reconfigure the Bluetooth module when itis active 5 3 Windows Restricted User Accounts If you only have a restricted user account e g not an account with administrator privileges for your computer you will need to contact your network admini
67. for HVL measurements Hence the HVL filter can be placed on top of the compression paddle without any extra collimation even at close distance to the Piranha The Piranha has a built in HVL application which should be used to get accurate HVL readings 4 5 8 Mammographic Pre pulses Some mammography systems e g GE DMR system use a pre pulse to determine what radiation quality to use for a specific patient The time elapsing between the pre pulse and the real exposure is usually about one second Therefore the default post delay of 250 ms will not cover both the pre pulse and the real exposure To get an overview of the signal output set the post delay to at least 1s and the waveform recording time to a corresponding time Itis important to cover both signals In this measurement setup the Piranha will add the dose from both pulses This is OK if the radiation quality is not changed between the signals Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 4 Measurements with the Piranha System Mammograph If the Mammography unit changes the radiation quality after the pre pulse however the kV and dose is affected and the pulses should be treated separately To collect data from real exposure set the delay not the post delay to exclude the pre pulse When the data has been acquired change the radiation quality to the one chosen by the system and the measured data is automatically corrected For the time being this feature is only present in the QAB
68. for Philips MicroDose Mammography Sectra Note 4 The Quick HVL for mammography is only available for Piranhas with product version 2 and higher Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 2 Description of the Piranha Hardware and Specifications Computed Tomography Parameter Range Inaccuracy Resolution kVp standard W 3 0 mmAl 45 155 kV 1 4 digits 10 or 100 V W 3mm Al 1 2 mm Ti C32 75 145 kV Siemens Straton Siem1 2 GECT 7 2 3 C42175 145 kV Acquillion 64 Toshiba 2 C5 2 75 145 kV GEGT 0 5 23 C6 2 65 150 kV Irradiation time 0 1 ms 2000 s 1 or 0 5 ms 0 5 ms 1 65535 pulses 1 pulse 1 pulse Estimated total 1 0 90 mmAl 10 or 0 3 mm 2 digits filtration full kV range 15 gt 50 mm Al 0 1 or 1 mm 75 120 kV HF DC gt 10 uGy s 1 0 90 mm AIl 10 oder 0 3 mm 65 150 kV 2 10 mm AI HF DC gt 10 uGy s Quick HVL C1 1 2 14 mmAl 10 or 0 2 mm 3 digits 45 150 kV 75 120 kV HF DC 0 01 or 0 1 mm gt 10 uGy s 1 Note 1 This is valid for a tube with 14 anode angle The HVL for a 22 anode is typically 0 5 mm low er 80 kV 3 mm TF Note 2 The C3 and higher numbered calibrations are only available for product versions 2 0 or higher Note 3 The C4 GECT 7 is suitable for all GE CT tubes which have a 7 anode angle as well as other manufacturers CT tubes and replacement tubes with a 7 anode angle The C6 GECT
69. from Monte Carlo calculations and has been verified experimentally To determine the AGD a standard phantom should also be used when the ESAK or ESE value is measured with the Piranha Correct measurement of the Average Glandular Dose AGD with the Piranha In most situations you can perform measurements fora mammographic unit with the Piranha instead of a dedicated ion chamber Since the Piranha compensates for energy dependence the readings are in direct comparison with readings from a reference class ion chamber When measuring the AGD you should always have the compression paddle in place Important quantities to measure The most common measurements fora mammographic system are conducted to determine the average glandular dose AGD The AGD values are based on measurements of ESAK entrance surface air kerma and HVL To do the measurements correctly and according to standards the radiation detectors should be placed directly below the compression paddle This introduces extra scattered radiation due to the compression paddle which is important to include when determining ESAK On the other hand the HVL measurement should be done without any scatter contribution and with good geometry HVL The Piranha is well collimated above its small detector area Due to this fact it registers a narrower angle of the X ray field and thus much less scattered radiation compared to an ion chamber It has built in good geometry and is therefore ideal
70. ger image intensifier TV chain etc Shutter In beam therapy equipment a device attached to the X ray or gamma ray source housing to control the ON or OFF condition of the useful beam Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 6 Glossary 94 Sievert Sv The special name for the SI unit of dose equivalent One sievert equals one joule per kilogram The previously used unit was the rem One sievert is equal to 100 rem Signal to noise ratio For video cameras the ratio of input signal to background interference The greater the ratio the clearer the image Sim ulator Diagnostic energy X ray equipment used to simulate a therapy treatment plan outside the treatment room Slice The single body section imaged in a tomography procedure Source See radiation source Source detector distance SDD The distance measured along the central ray from the centre of the front surface of the source X ray focal spot or sealed radioactive source to the active surface of the detector Source to image distance SID The distance measured along the central ray from the centre of the front of the surface of the source X ray focal spot of sealed radioactive source to the surface of the image detector Source surface distance source skin distance SSD The distance measured along the central ray from the centre of the front surface of the source X ray focal spot or sealed radioactive source to the surface of the irradiated obj
71. gh voltage across the X ray tube during X ray production Ripple factor 100 x Vmax Vmin Vmax Radiation protection survey An evaluation of the radiation safety in and around an installation that includes radiation measurements inspections evaluations and recommendations Radiation receptor Any device that absorbs a portion of the incident radiation energy and converts this portion into another form of energy which can be more easily used to produce desired results e g production of an image See image receptor Radiation source The region and or material from which the radiation emanates Radiogram Afilm or other record produced by the action of X rays on a sensitized surface 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 90 6 Glossary Radiography The production of images on film image detector by the action of X rays transmitted through the patient Receptor See radiation receptor Receptor assembly Aradiation receptor in the specialized container necessary for the proper operation of the receptor Rem The previously used special unit of dose equivalent One rem equals 107 sievert Sv Resolution In the context of an image system the output of which is finally viewed by the eye it refers to the smallest size or highest spatial frequency of an object of given contrast thatis just perceptible The intrinsic resolution or resolving power of an imaging system is measured in mm or line pairs per millime
72. he ON condition and emitting radiation This multiplication is carried out for radiation protection purposes to determine compliance with the dose equivalent limits Operator Any individual who personally utilizes or manipulates a source of radiation Orthopantomography Orthopantomography also called OPG or Panorama is a radiographic procedure that produces a single image of facial structures including the upper and lower dentition jaws and their supporting structures and bones Mostly used in dental applications An OPG orthopantomogram gives a panoramic view of the mouth giving information on the teeth and the bones of the upper and lower jaw Particle fluence Number of particles incident on a sphere divided by the cross sectional area of the sphere Sl unit m2 Personnel monitor Also known as personal monitor An appropriately sensitive device used to estimate the absorbed dose received by an individual Peak tube voltage o kVp The peak value of the tube voltage corresponding to the highest available radiation energy Phantom In medical radiology object behaving in essentially the same manner as tissue with respect to absorption or scattering of the ionizing radiation in question Phantom are used for example for simulating practical conditions of measurement for purposes of radiation protection for evaluating the performances to the diagnostic systems with respect to the radiation or to the object
73. he X ray tube and any permanent enclosure for the tube or source Replaced by term Permanent filter Filter Added filter Filter in addition to the inherent filtration Filter Permanent filter The filter permanentlyin the useful beam it includes the window of the X ray tube and any permanent enclosure for the tube or source Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 6 Glossary 85 Filter Total filter The sum of the permanent and added filters Firmware General The operating system and software installed on a small device Sometimes called embedded software Piranha firmware Program stored in cabinet and modules which handles all control of measurementelectronics Can be updated then a special part of the firmware called bootloader is used See Bootloader Fluorography The production of a photographic record of the image formed on the output phosphor of an image intensifier by the action of X rays transmitted through the patient Fluoroscopy Technique of radioscopy by means ofa fluorescent screen Focal spot effective The apparent size of the radiation source region in a source assembly when viewed from the central axis of the useful radiation beam Sl unit dimensionless corresponding to a dimension in mm Framing In cinefluorography the registration of the circular image of the output phosphor on the rectangular film element or frame Gantry The moveable patient table used for CT Geometric unsharpness Un
74. he reference conditions are given in reference to the IEC61674 standard General Connector type Hirose ST40X 10S with built in detector identification Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 2 Description of the Piranha Hardware and Specifications Measuring range and inaccuracy The detector noise given is typical values at room temperature Piranha RTI External Dose Probe typical sensitivity 55 uC Gy eel kerma Dose 100 pGy 1 5 kGy 5 for time gt 0 1 ms 12 nR 170 kR Air kerma rate valid for Irr time gt 20 ms Dose rate 4 nGy s 150 mGy s 5 or 1 nGy s 500 pGy s 460 nR s 16 R s 5 or 100 nR s 26 uR min 1000 R min 5 or 6 uR min 1 6 mR h 60 kR h 5 or 360 uR h 9 5 s moving average 1 nGy s 150 mGy s 5 or 250 pGy s 100 pGy s Irradiation time 0 1 ms 34000 s 1 or 0 5 ms Resolution 1 65535 pulses 1 pulse 0 5 ms Note 1 The air kerma rate is calculated as the air kerma divided by the time See also Waveforms and Triggers 48 Note 2 The standard calibration for the Piranha External Dose Probe is W 23 mm AI This calibration w as chosen since the main use of the detector is to measure the dose to the image intensifier after the phantom How ever you can just as well use this probe for measurements of skin dose The detector is very linear in its energy response and will not be affected by a different filtration Pulses lDose pulse its 1 nGy
75. igroup com If you have questions comments or feel that some functionality is missing you are welcome to contact us at RTI Electronics at support rtigroup com You can of course also call or send a fax see notice section for details 1 3 PC Requirements To run the RTI Updater the QABrowser Updater and Ocean the following is required Minimum requirements Windows XP 2003 Vista 7 8 32 bit or 7 8 64 bit Pentium class 300 MHz 64 MB RAM 24 MB free 60 MB of HD USB port Display and graphics card with atleast 800x600 resolution Recommended requirements Windows 7 8 32 bit or 8 64 bit Pentium class 500 MHz 128 MB RAM 32 MB free 100 MB HD USB port CD DVD ROM for installation Internet connection for updates Recommended 1 Virtual memory and available hard drive space Microsoft recommends that you have at least 20 of your total HD space free for virtual memory 1 4 Palm OS Computer Requirements To run the QABrowser the following is required Minimum requirements e PalmOS v5 0 or higher e 16 MB of memory e Colour screen with a resolution of 320x320 pixels e Palm connection Bluetooth wireless Recommended requirements e RTI Handheld Display or Palm Tungsten E2 TX e Bluetooth wireless Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D Chapter 2 Description of the Piranha 3g 2 Description of the Piranha Indicators and Connectors 2 Description of the Piranha 2 1 Indicators and Connectors The Piranha comes i
76. ime 40 44 Waveform recording time Specifications 20 28 Waveformtype 37 52 WEEE 30 Weight 14 White screen 73 Whole body dose equivalent Hwb 92 Window 41 42 48 Window time 47 Workload W 92 Xeroradiography 92 X ray tube 92 Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D Notes 99 Notes 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 100 Notes Notes Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D
77. ions to the directory where you installed the software see Setting Necessary Rights 7 5 3 3 Setting Necessary Rights The applications from RTI Electronics AB requires that you give the users Read amp Execute and Write permissions to the directory where you installed the applications Since all applications by default are installed in an RTI Electronics directory in the Program Files directory the easiest way to accomplish this is by giving the user those permissions to the entire RTI Electronics directory Do that by using Windows Explorer and navigate to the program files directory and right click the RTI Electronics folder and select Properties Bticras 92nd To Ci Mozila Cut a Natior Copy Cil netme CUnime Create Shortcut Cl Outos Delete palmo Rename Cipower Properties 5 zizi In the properties dialogue General Sharing Security l go to the Security tab and make sure that the EP Administrators ROD LAPTOP Administrat checkboxes for both Read E CREATOR OWNER Remove amp Execute and Write are ae ROD LAPTOP Power Users checked for the user group Pl Users ROD LAPTOPAUsers or user that will be using the software Name Add Permissions Allow Deny Full Control Modify Read amp Execute List Folder Contents Read Write OB8eaago00 oooooo Advanced Vv Allow inheritable permissions from parent to propagate to this object Cance
78. l Apply Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 5 Problems and Solutions Windows Restricted User Accounts Permissions Allow Deny If they are not checked check them and then click OK Full Control Modify Read amp Execute List Folder Contents Read Write oeegeoo oooooo 5 4 How To Report a Problem There is a way of automatically sending technical support information to RTI Electronics AB when you are experiencing problems with the QABrowser This is how you use that functionality 1 HotSync the Palm handheld that you are experiencing the problem with 2 On your PC go to Start Menu All Programs RTI Electronics QABrowser Updater and click Send Support Information 3 Adialogue window will be shown Please enter a description of the problem The more information you give we will have better chances of reproducing the problem and finding a solution to it 4 Click Send to send the auto generated email 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual Chapter 6 Glossary 6 Glossary a4 6 Glossary Absorbed dose D The energy imparted per unit mass by ionizing radiation to matter at a specified point The Sl unit of absorbed dose is joule per kilogram J kg The special name for this unit is gray Gy The previously used special unit of absorbed dose was the rad 1 rad 0 01 Gy 1 Gy 100 rad See Report No 82 NCRP 1985b SI unit Gy J kg Absorbed dose rate D absorbed dose per unit time Abs
79. ltration and the waveform are measured 4 2 1 kVp Time Dose and Dose Rate To measure on radiographic units 1 Set up the Piranha and the handheld computer according to the description in Setting Up the Piranhal 14 2 Place the detector on the table at the distance that is clinically relevant 3 Itis recommended to make a check measurement at 70 kV to confirm that the detector area is uniformly radiated The Piranha automatically changes back to the previous selected kV range 4 Set kVp and mAs or mAttime to the desired values 5 Make an exposure Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 4 Measurements with the Piranha System Radiograph 6 Read the values 4 2 2 Dose Measurements with Piranha Dose Probe 1 Place the Piranha Dose Probe in the field and connect the cable to the Piranha input 2 Set kVp and mAs or mAttime to the desired values 3 Make an exposure 4 Read the values 4 2 3 Quick HVL and Total Filtration Total filtration The estimated Total filtration is measured with the Piranha internal detector in one exposure simultaneously with all other parameters The estimated Total filtration is also in use for internal compensation of kV and dose values Quick HVL The Quick HVL is measured with the Piranha internal detector in one exposure simultaneously with all other parameters 4 3 Cine Pulsed Radiography For under table cine measurement turn the Piranha upside down The Position Ch
80. mation on radiation beam parameters that might influence further steps in an examination but not an ongoing exposure for assessing the performance of the X ray equipment for evaluation of examination techniques and procedures for service and maintenance measurements for quality control measurements for educational purposes authority supervision etc The product is intended to be used by hospital physicists X ray engineers manufacturer s service teams and other professionals with similar tasks and competencies The operator needs a short training to be able to use the product as intended This training can be achieved either by careful study of the manual studies of the built in help function in measurement software or in a short course ordered from the manufacturer The product is intended to be used inside X ray rooms ready for clinical use and can safely be left switched on and in any measuring mode in the vicinity of patients The product is NOT intended to be used for direct control of diagnostic X ray equipment performance during irradiation of a patient so that patients or other unqualified persons can change settings of operating parameters during and immediately before and after measurements Address RTI Electronics AB e G teborgsv gen 97 50 e SE 43137 M LNDAL e Sweden Phone 46 0 31 746 36 00 e Fax 46 0 31 270573 e E mail info rtise e Web www rtise 2 CE 9820000 0 Avsedd anv ndning Barracud
81. misinterpretation of any information contained in these specifications 2 4 1 Piranha internal detector Internal detector 2 4 1 1 General With the Piranha internal detector you will manage most of your measurements Tube voltage exposure time dose and dose rate are measured for all kinds of modalities conventional radiography fluoroscopy pulsed fluoroscopy cine mammography dental panoramic dental and CT kVp only not dose and doserate In one exposure the detector provides tube voltage time dose dose rate quick HVL and estimated total filtration on radiographic fluoroscopic dental and CT exposures On pulsed radiation and cine also dose per pulse and pulse rate are measured The Piranha internal detector is very sensitive and can measure peak tube voltage for as low outputs as 50 kV 0 050 mAat50 cm Typically the exposure time has to be atleast 5 ms to get a kVp value but it depends on the waveform On modern X ray generators high frequency with fast rise and fall times the peak tube voltage can normally be measured with exposure time as short as 1 ms Dose and time values will be given for even shorter exposure times The estimations of total filtration and Quick HVL are done from one single exposure using a combination of detector and filters in the Piranha In situations when the total filtration cannot be automatically estimated a standard HVL measurement may be required All measured kVp and dose values measured
82. moves when itis acquiring the topogram 4 8 Tube Current Probes The mAs probes are used to measure mAs current time product and mA tube current Tube current is normally measured only for fluoroscopy or when long exposure times are possible to allow read out during the exposure When tube current is presented for exposures it has been calculated from the measured mAs and from measured exposure time For pulsed fluoroscopy itis possible to measure pulse mAin addtion to the mA value The difference between the pulse mAand the traditional mAis explained in the picture below Pulse mA mA Note that for DC waveform pulse mA and mA gives the same value You can measure mAs as a Single parameter or multi parameter together with the Piranha When using only the mAs probe the measurement always starts when the mAs probe detects a signal When using multi parameter you can choose to trig individually or to trig with the Piranha Individually The mAs probe starts to measure as soon as the tube current is detected The Piranha starts to measure as soon as it detects the radiation Normally will the mAs probe start to measure first since tube current first charges the HV cables before it reaches the tube and radiation is generated Piranha Both the mAs probe and the Piranha starts to measure at the same time when the Piranha detects radiation This is the easiest way to measure since there is almostno risk for false triggering Itis impo
83. n a lot of different models the external design is basically the same for all models except for the External Probe port Edge External Probe port on some Piranha models Detector area The rectangular marking indicates where the active detector area is located The detector surface is located 10 mm below the surface see section Specifications Piranha MA Minimum X ray field is 3x21 mm The recommended field size is shown as red corners 20x40 mm Power switch on edge Turns the Piranha on and off Indicators for charging status and Bluetooth USB Palm charger port output not used The USB port is used when using RTI Updater to update the internal firmware It can also be used when the Piranha is used together with a PC running the QA software Ocean Note that the USB connector cannot be used when connecting to a handheld computer The system is then powered from the PC via the USB cable The PC however have a limited USB power output so when fast charging is needed the power supply needs to be connected here This is also possible when using the Bluetooth link to communicate with the Palm or PC The port is marked USB Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 2 Description of the Piranha Indicators and Connectors The orange indicator for Charging of batteries is lit when a gt cane The blue indicator for charging is active Bluetooth is lit when the Note that charging is Bluetooth interface is a
84. n ion chamber See also section Average Glandular Dose AGD MGD 62 Equiv thickness The given equivalent compression paddle thickness is used to increase the accuracy of dose measurements when dose is measured below the compression paddle It is given in equivalent thickness of aluminium This feature can also be used if you have additional filtration in the beam Add the equivalent thickness of aluminium Beam Correction Sometimes you may want to make comparable measurements with known mechanical setup For instance if you want to emulate ion chamber measurements in a particular scattering situation Then you can seta Beam Correction factor to get that reading In this case the ion chamber measures an extra 25 from side and back scatter Using this factor makes the readings to be the same Itis of course important that the mechanical setup in these cases are the same 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 2 Description of the Piranha Measurement Settings 2 7 2 Settings Piranha Here general measurement settings for the Piranha are shown Post Delay The post delay time defines how long time the Piranha shall wait and look for more after detecting what can be considered to be the end of the exposure Default value is 250 ms The post delay is necessary when measuring on units with some kind of pre pulse or for pulsed exposures Trig source This setting makes it possible to define the trig source for the electrometer modul
85. nd connected 2 That probe cables look healthy The electrometer gives numerous trig indications If you get the trig indicator play symbol when there is no signal 1 Press reset 2 If it comes over and over you may need to increase the trig level by raising the threshold see topic Measurement Settings 3 The electrometer or Piranha gives too low dose rate If you get to low dose rate readings or too short irradiation times for short exposures 1 Check that you are measuring with a good geometry where the incoming radiation is perpendicular to the detector surface See Specifications Piranhal 13 for details Installation or upgrade of RTI Updater failed Make sure you are not having a restricted user account on Windows XP 2000 or newer You will need to have access to an administrative account to install the software see section Windows Restricted User Accounts 761 for details 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 5 Problems and Solutions Troubleshootin My Piranha cycles its status indicator quickly between colours and does not measure Your system is in Bootloader mode Please run RTI Updater to correct this My Piranha beeps twice quickly when starting The Piranha normally beeps once when starting If it beeps twice quickly when powering on run RTI Updater to correct this Bluetooth unable to reconnect using Retry Tap Exit and restart the Piranha and then re start the QABrowser again Bluetooth only shows
86. ngs and select Always Overwrite If you want to see more details of what is updated use the menu Settings Advanced and you will see more information as shown in the figure below a s gt A RTI Updater Ea Settings Tools Help Versions Serial Product Firmware Bootloader Status Firmware 1 C52 09110608 3 1 V 3 34 3 34 2 1F Will be updated Firmware 2 31 3 3B8 3 3B8 2 1F No update needed Model 657 Information RTI Current task Ready to update press start Total progress Start Cancel J You normally also need to update the QABrowser and Ocean when you update the firmware See the QABrowser manual and the Ocean manual for details 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 2 Description of the Piranha Maintenance 2 6 2 Managing Detector Calibrations RTI Detector Manager is a special Windows software that gives an overview of all calibrations for the detectors and probes in your system You will find the RTI Detector Manager on your Product CD in the folder Software RTI Detector Manager Start the file RTI Detector Manager exe by double clicking it Select Meter j BHH Select the instrument of interest Piranha Meter ooo Seidl Communication Status Barracuda BC1 06121218 use Ready and click OK Piranha cB2 06060052 USB Ready If no instrument appears check the communication cable and that the Piranha is powered on then click Rescan Rescan Found 2 meter s
87. ntomography 88 Oscilloscope 52 Overview of Measurement Modes 44 P Palm computer requirements 6 Panoramic dental 63 Particle fluence 88 Passive display messages 47 Passkey advantages 75 Passkey draw backs Bluetooth 75 PC requirements 6 Peak tube voltage o kVp 88 Personnel monitor 88 Phantom 88 Physical dimensions Piranha 14 PIN code advantages 75 PIN code draw backs Bluetooth 75 PIN code Bluetooth 75 Piranha 11 49 Cable 11 Holder 11 Mammography positioning 56 Physical dimensions 14 Specifications 13 Piranha internal detector 49 Piranha Light Probe 70 71 Piranha MAS 1 Probe 68 Piranha settings 37 40 Pixel 88 Position check 53 58 63 Post delay 40 48 Power switch 8 Practical Peak Voltage PPV 88 Prefixes Unit 73 Pre pulse mammography 62 Pressure Atmospheric 38 Primary protective barrier 88 Probes Managing 36 Viewing 36 Problem Report 73 79 Piranha Reference Manual Protective apron 88 Protective barrier 88 Protective glove 88 Pulse Measurements 53 Pulse Rate 20 39 53 Pulsed fluoroscopy 54 55 Pulsed radiography 53 Q Quick HVL Cine 54 Mammography 59 Radiography 53 R Rad 89 Radiation ionizing 89 Radiation protection survey 89 Radiation quality 21 Radiation receptor 89 Radiation source 89 Radiation time 48 Radiogram 89 Radiography 52 53 89 Quick HVL 53 Total filtration 53 Radiography specifications 16 Receptor 89 Receptor assembly 89 Recording time 44 Reference conditions 13
88. o96 0o96 1002 0 988 0 986 0 986 1 002 Note Note These values are typical values measured at PTB in Germany in 2009 Dv80 ROR 6 0 993 Piranha RTI MAS 1 Probe Invasive mAs probe sensitivity 1 nC mAs Tube charge 0 001 ms 1 for time gt 0 1 ms PF Tube current 0 1 3000mA 1 or 10 pA for time gt 100 ms 1 5 pA Pulse tube Low er limit 1 mA current otherw ise same as tube current Time 0 1 ms 34000s 1 or 0 5 ms Resolution 1 65535 pulses 1 pulse 0 5 ms Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 2 Description of the Piranha Hardware and Specifications Note 1 When the Piranha internal detector is used simultaneously the default mode of operation is to use the internal detector for time measurement Note 2 The tube current is calculated as the tube charge divided by the time See also Waveforms and Triggers 48 Piranha RTI MAS 2 Probe Non invasive mAs probe sensitivity 1 nC mAs Tube Tube charge otimas 1 mAs 5 for time gt 0 1 ms Tube current 10 4000 mA 5 or 2 mA for time gt 20 ms am 3 at 250 mA Pulse tube Low er limit 50 mA otherw ise same as tube current Time 0 1 ms 34000 s 1 or 0 5 ms Resolution 1 65535 pulses 1 pulse 0 5 ms Note 1 See also note 1 and 2 for the Piranha RTI MAS 1 Piranha RTI Light Probe Light detector typical sensitivity 670 pA nit or 200 pA Ix Luminance 0 003 72000 cd m 5
89. odel of your Piranha as well as the version serial number and applicable conformity markings Web www rti se we Piranha 657 R amp F M XDP DR WR WF s CB2 06030020 Uy RTI Power switch Turns the Piranha on and off Marked 1 0 O e i A Camera thread for mounting the Piranha to a holder Attachment for Safety strap The Power switch is used to turn the Piranha on and off Piranha has several ways of saving power when itis inactive but must be powered off manually since there is no auto power off function Below a block diagram of a typical Piranha system is shown Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 2 Description of the Piranha Indicators and Connectors Palm Computer QABrowser connection Cable External probe Dose Probe MAS Probe Electrometer Personal Computer Ocean Wireless Bluetooth or cable connection 2 2 Setting Up the Piranha for the First Time Before you use your Piranha for the first time please do the following e Attach the external power supply e Charge the system for 16 hours Then continue according to the following section 2 3 Setting Up the Piranha To setup the Piranha 1 Power on the Piranha using the power switch Optionally you may connect the power supply 2 Place the Piranha under the tube or mount the holder and HVL stand for positioning of the Piranha in the X ray field The stand allows you
90. on function is available which enables all measurements to be virtually performed atthe same distance increasing productivity According to European protocol ECR 16263 EU 1996 ESAK should be measured 45 mm above the breast support A practical consequence of usage of the normalizing function and scatter factor is that the Piranha can be kept at the same position on the breast support all the time when data is collected for AGD For an ion chamber itis not quite as easy because of the scatter contribution that is not allowed during HVL measurement The ion chamber and or the compression paddle must be moved to support good geometry More info about the correction and normalization function can be found in Application Note 1 AN 52020 2 from RTI Electronics AB Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 4 Measurements with the Piranha System Mammograph 4 5 6 3 Beam Correction Factor Sometimes you may want to make comparable measurements with a known mechanical setup Assume that you want to emulate ion chamber measurements in a particular scattering situation Then you can seta Beam Correction factor to get that reading like you used to In this case the ion chamber measures an extra 3 from side and back scatter Using this factor makes the readings to be the same It is of course important that the mechanical setup in these cases are the same You may use the Beam Correction factor to make compensations and corrections of various nat
91. or 0 6 mcd m 0 3 mcd n I uminance 0 001 24000 Ix 5 or 0 2 mix 0 1 mix CT DP CT Dose Profiler typical sensitivity 3 6 uC Gym Air kerma Dose 1 5 nGy 22 kGy 5 160 nR 2 5 MR 5 Air kerma rate 60 nGy s 1 1 Gy s 5 or 15 nGy s Dose rate 6 8 uR s 125 R s 5 or 1 6 R s 0 4 mR min 7500 R min 5 or 0 1 mR min 24 mR h 450 kR h 5 or 6 mR h 2 5 Standards and Compliances Hereafter you can find declarations of conformity as well as documents describing the intended use of the Piranha system 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 30 2 Description of the Piranha Standards and Compliances 2 5 1 Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment WEEE The European Union Directive 2002 96 EC on Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment WEEE places an obligation on manufacturers distributors and retailers to take back electronics products at the end of their useful life The WEEE directive covers all RTI products being sold into the European Union EU as of August 13 2005 Manufacturers distributors and retailers are obliged to finance the cost of recovery from municipal collection points reuse and recycling of specified percentages per the WEEE requirements Instructions for disposal of WEEE by Users in the European Union The symbol shown left is marked on the product which indicates that this product must not be disposed of with other waste Instead itis the user s
92. orbed dose rate is determined as the quotient of dD by dt where dD is the increment of absorbed dose in the time interval dt D dD dt A unit of absorbed dose rate is any quotient of the gray or its multiples or submultiples by a suitable unit of time Gy s mGy h etc Sl unit Gy s J kg s Absorption energy Phenomenon in which incident radiation transfers to the matter which it traverses some or all of its energy Activity The number of nuclear transitions occurring in a given quantity of radioactive material per unit time The SI unit of activity is s4 The special name for the unit of activity is becquerel Bq The previously used special unit of activity was the curie Ci 1 Bq 2 7 x10 Ci 1 Ci 3 7 x 101 Bq See Report No 82 NCRP 1985b Sl unit Bq s4 Additional filtration ADDED FILTERS and other removable materials in the RADIATION BEAM which are between the RADIATION SOURCE and the PATIENT or a specified plane See also filter Air kerma See kerma Aluminium equivalent or Aluminium Attenuation Equivalent AAE The thickness of aluminum affording the same attenuation under specified conditions as the material in question Anode In a X ray tube electrode to which electrons forming a beam are accelerated and which usually contains the target Aperture e g for computed tomography the opening in the collimation that allows radiation to reach the detector Area exposure product Product of the a
93. ote that the RTI Updater application requires the Support File Package also required by the QABrowser software Software updates for the different applications are available for download from the RTI website www rtigroup com 5 3 2 Installing the Software Start by logging in as an administrator on the computer that you wish to install the software on If you are going to install QABrowser make sure that you have installed the Palm Desktop software and that it is working properly If you have just purchased your Piranha and are a new user you can use the Piranha CD thatis shipped with your Piranha e lf you are onlyinstalling Ocean goto Install and select Ocean to start the installation e Ifyou are installing only QABrowser then goto Install and select Minimal Installation This will install the Support File Package QABrowser and then RTI Updater 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 738 5 Problems and Solutions Windows Restricted User Accounts e If you wantto install both oRTIgo and QABrowser select Full Installation This option will install Support File Package QABrowser Ocean and RTI Updater For more information about the different installers please refer to the Updating the Piranha Firmwarel 33 topic and the Installation chapter of the Ocean manual Note that the programs will be available for all users of the computer After the installations are done you will need to give these users some additional permiss
94. ppens during a standard exposure Sree 100 Rel signal pex 100 A 100 50 i Irradiation time adj Delay Window Post delay Radiation time The radiation starts i e it goes over the detector s lowest trig level The signal reaches 50 of its maximum This is the starting point for the irradiation time calculation The level is user adjustable The signal reaches its maximum The Delay time is reached User adjustable kV integration window starts 5 The Delay Window time is reached User adjustable kV integration window stops 6 The signal goes below 50 ofits maximum This is the end point for the Irradiation time calculation The level is user adjustable The radiation ends i e it goes under the detector s lowest trig level 8 If the signal has been below the trig level during all of Post delay the exposure is considered finished All exposure readings are calculated AU N gt N Integrated signal dose mAs etc Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 3 Measurement Principles amp Theory Waveforms and Triggers Is the integration of all signal which means the area below the curve above from point 1 to 7 During the measurement exposure the accumulated signal dose etc is displayed where applicable Signal rate dose rate tube current etc During the measurement the mean signal for the last second is displayed When the measurement exposure is ove
95. ptional detector rod to be able to put the detector in the cassette holder or on the image intensifier without risk of hazardous X ray The Position Check should be used to confirm the position of the Piranha When you select fluoroscopy or pulsed fluoroscopy as type of measurement the Piranha system automatically changes to continuously updating the display and using the highest possible sensitivity If dose rate or image intensifier dose rate is selected the Piranha or external Dose Probe can be used Normally the external Dose Probe is used to be able to measure the lowest possible dose rate levels down to 0 1 uGy s Another reason to use the external Dose Probe is that the detector is much smaller than the Piranha making it easier to position in front of the image intensifier without affecting the measuring field for the mA feedback loop If the image intensifier manually can control the mA and kV then you can use the Piranha for measurements down to about 0 7 uGy s For pulsed fluoroscopy even lower levels can be measured As a secondary parameter the total dose is accumulated After you have turned off the fluoroscopy unit this value is used to calculate the average dose rate as total dose divided by the exposure time Note that for very low dose rate values the exposure time cannot be measured accurately and the last dose rate value cannot be stored automatically in the display Then tap Hold to freeze the current value in the
96. r point 8 above the mean signal for the whole measurementis displayed This signal rate is calculated as all integrated signal as described above divided by the irradiation time If no irradiation time is possible to calculate the radiation time is used instead This means that for long measurements you may see a change in the rate value dose rate etc when the measurement is finished if the signal level was changed during the measurement 3 5 Measurement Principle for the Piranha The following are the key features of the Piranha design e Small size e Optimized filter packages for five different kV ranges e Very sensitive and wide dynamic range e Check filter for measurement geometry verification e Single exposure estimation of total filtration and Quick HVL e Single exposure estimation of generator waveform type The design of the detector package is very important to be able to measure kV and dose correctly in the whole range of 20 to 155 kV The Piranha design makes it possible to measure small field sizes less than 3 mm width and low output levels down to approximately 1 uGy s Basically the detector packages consist of four separate electrometer channels connected to detectors D1 D2 D3 and D4 and a moveable filter package that can change to one of six positions each a combination of different filters for the detectors One of these positions is used as a check filter Ithas the same filter thicknesses for both D1 and D2 Wh
97. ranha starts to show a valid value when the detector attached is exposed to a steady radiation level In the same way it will take X seconds for the Piranha to show a zero value after the radiation has ended Great care must be taken into choosing a time constant fitted to the nature of the signal Example If you set the time to 8 seconds each reading will be the mean of the reading of the last 8 seconds This means that it will take 8 seconds until the reading reaches a started set radiation level 3 3 Display Messages and Active Messages Even though the range of the Piranha measurement system is quite wide sometimes the signal may get too low or too high To inform you of this there are display messages These are mainly of two types Active or Passive Active messages are shown when the hardware settings can be adjusted to adapt the measurement ranges The active message will just inform you that it is making an automatic adjustment and you can simply do another exposure measurement The active messages can be disabled see the following section The passive display messages indicate what the problem is and possible remedies for them These will show if there are no active messages the active messages are disabled or when no more automatic adjustment can be done 3 3 1 Active Messages In some rare occasions it might be helpful to disable the active messages for instance if the detector signal is very noisy or there are pre pulses tha
98. rea of a cross section of a radiation beam and the averaged exposure 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 82 6 Glossary over that cross section SI unit Gy m Attenuation The reduction of radiation intensity upon passage of radiation through matter Automatic exposure control AEC In an X ray generator mode of operation in which one or more loading factors are controlled automatically in order to obtain ata preselected location a desired quantity of radiation Automatic exposure rate control In an X ray generator mode of operation in which the rate of emitted radiation is controlled automatically by control of one or more loading factors in order to obtain at a preselected location and in a preselected loading time a desired quantity of radiation Beam limiting device Device to limit the radiation field Becquerel Bq The special name for the SI unit of activity One becquerel is one reciprocal second or 1 s4 3 7 x 107 Bq 1 Ci Bootloader General a program that does the job of loading the OS kernel of a computer Piranha bootloader Miniature program stored in cabinet and modules which normally just starts the Firmware Itis used more when the Firmware is updated See Firmware Centigray 0 01 gray 1 cGy equals one rad Cinefluorography The production of motion picture photographic records of the image formed on the output phosphor of an image intensifier by the action of X rays transmitted through
99. rowser software With Ocean a new exposure has to be made with the correct radiation quality using the same delay setting 4 5 9 Scanning Beam Mammography When measuring on scanning beam mammographic equipment like for instance Sectra MDM or Fischer Senoscan two factors are very important 1 You should place the Piranha flat on the image receptor Then position it as described in section Setting Up the Piranha for Mammographyl 5 2 Always perform a position check This makes sure than any field imbalances are corrected for 3 Ifyou use the compression paddle make sure that you use the correct settings see section Corrections for the Compression Paddle 60 Please also see the CT section for measurement tips on scanning beams For Sectra L30 see special application note on the RTI Electronics website www rtigroup com 4 6 Dental and Panoramic Dental This topic will describe how to measure kVp dose and time for a Dental and Panoramic Dental X ray units using the Piranha only Set up the Piranha and the handheld computer according to the description in Setting Up the Piranhal 17 To measure kVp for a dental unit is similar to measuring for a radiography units with the difference that the output level is much lower and the total filtration is normally around 2 mm Al The setup is straightforward and also to get the measured value Most dental units is still single phase self rectified and has 100 radiation and kV ripple
100. rtant to be aware of that measured mAs values may differ depending on which trig method is used Especially when measuring low mAs values the difference may be significant when comparing the two methods or comparing to traditional mAs meters The value you get when triggering on the tube current Individual trig corresponds to the total mAs supplied from the generator A part of that has been used to charge the cables and the rest has reached the tube and contributed to the exposure and the image When you use Piranha trig you measure only the mAs that actually contributes to the exposure and the generation of the image The discussion above is generally true for the invasive MAS 1 probe since itis 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 68 4 Measurements with the Piranha System Tube Current Probes connected in the transformer and measures all current The non invasive probes MAS 2 and MAS 3 can be placed anywhere on the HV cable If they are placed close to the tube they will measure only the current that floats through the tube and contributes to the radiation and the choice of trig source will have limited influence on the measured values When measuring on fluoroscopy the trig source has no influence and itis recommended to trig on the Piranha 4 8 1 MAS 1 Invasive mAs Probe This section describes how to measure the tube current and charge as a single parameter This means that the measurement starts when the mAs probe detects
101. s distance If Normalize to distance is checked you have the option to normalize the dose reading to any given distance Here you can enter your Source to Detector Distance SDD and a normalizing distance SDD Norm that you want the dose normalized to When this is activated an N symbol will show on the RTD screen Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D Chapter 3 Measurement Principles amp Theory 4a 3 Measurement Principles amp Theory 3 Measurement Principles amp Theory The QABrowser has a number of measurement algorithms and applications built in This section describes some about the principles how some values are calculated and the basic use of such measurements 3 1 Overview of Capability for Measurement Modes The following graph shows an overview of some common capabilities the different X ray measurement types have in the QABrowser Modality Estimated TF Quick HVL pe Nanadi Radiography sid phy Cine Pulsed exposure ee ee Fluoroscopy x x Pulsed Fluoroscopy k o Mammography Ox Panoramic Dental OPG o 0K 0K 3 2 Update Modes The following four update modes are available e After exp the QABrowser receives a new value when the exposure terminates This means when the output goes under the trig level and stays there at least the time set by Post Delay under Settings Piranha Reset time is one second e Continuous the Piranha is continuously sending
102. s automatically compensate the kV and dose for the dependence of the waveform and inherent added tube filtration Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D Chapter 4 Measurements with the Piranha System 52 4 Measurements with the Piranha System Introduction 4 Measurements with the Piranha System 4 1 Introduction The Piranha system can depending on model measure up to eight parameters simultaneously plus three waveforms from a single exposure e kVp e Dose and dose rate e Exposure time e HVL e Estimated total filtration and determined waveform type e mAs and mA e pulses e kV waveform e Dose rate waveform e mAwaveform e various pulsed fluoroscopy parameters 4 2 Radiography Measuring the kVp on a radiographic units is straightforward since the Piranha can automatically detect and compensate for variation in the radiation quality Itis also easy to check that the detector area is fully and uniformly irradiated Practically this means thatthe kVp value can be measured in the range 1 0 to 50 mm of total filtration Therefore the Piranha can be placed in the beam wherever you want as long as it passes the Position Check It also has a very wide dynamic range so it very rarely happens that the signal level is not enough to get a correct kVp value The radiography kV range is 35 to 155 kV The displayed dose value has no energy dependence since it is automatically compensated for each exposure since both the kV estimated fi
103. s mentioned not the exact page 2 2002 96 EC 30 A About 5 Absorbed dose 81 Absorption 81 Active display messages 46 Active Messages 46 Activity 81 Additional filtration 81 Additional filtration mammo 39 Administrative user 76 Advantages of using a Passkey 75 AEC 81 After exposure 44 After exposure update mode 40 AGD 58 62 Air kerma 81 Air kerma Dose 16 19 Air kerma rate Dose rate Aluminium equivalent 81 Ambient light 71 AMX 4 37 Analogue Out 52 Anode 81 Anode Filter combination 56 Mo Mo 56 Mo Rh 56 Rh Rh 56 W Rh 56 Aperture 81 Atmospheric pressure 38 Authentication Bluetooth 75 Auto reset 44 Automatic exposure control 81 Auto power off 73 Autoscaling 73 16 19 Average Glandular Dose 58 62 Battery charging times 13 level 9 13 2015 05 5 5D running time 9 13 status 9 Battery charging indicator 9 Beam Correction Factor 39 61 Beam limiting device 82 Beam quality 52 56 Becquerel 82 Blank screen 73 Bluetooth 73 74 Indicator 8 Passkey 75 Passkey advantages 75 Passkey disadvantages 75 PIN code advantages 75 PIN code disadvantages 75 Security code 75 Bootloader 33 82 26 Calibrations View 36 Camera thread 8 CAS 6 11 CAS 7 11 cd n 71 CE Declaration 31 Intended Use 32 CEMark 31 Centigray 82 Charging Times 13 Chest walldistance 56 Cine 53 54 HVL 54 Quick HVL 54 Total filtration 54 Cinefluorography 82 Cineradiography 82 Collimator 82 Communication Bluetooth 13
104. sharpness of the recorded image due to the combined optical effect of finite size of the radiation source and geometric separation of the anatomic area of interest from the image receptor and the collimator Gray Gy The special name for the SI unit of absorbed dose kerma and specific energy imparted equal to one joule per kilogram One gray equals one joule per kilogram The previous unit of absorbed dose rad has been replaced by the gray One gray equals 100 rad Half value layer HVL Thickness of a specified substance which when introduced into the path of a given beam of radiation reduces the kerma rate by one half Sl unit mm Heel effect Non uniform intensity observed because a small fraction of the X ray beam emitted in a direction nearly parallel to the angled target surface must pass through more target material before escaping from the target than does the major portion of the beam which is emitted more perpendicularly Note In addition to the non uniform intensity 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 86 6 Glossary the angled target also produces non uniform image resolution due to variations in apparent focal spot size as viewed from various positions on the film Hounsfield units See CT number Image intensifier An X ray image receptor which increases the brightness of a fluoroscopic image by electronic amplification and image minification Image receptor Asystem for deriving a diagnostically usable
105. strator so that the administrator can help you with installing the software needed for your Piranha If you are an administrator trying to install the software for a user read the instructions below in order to find out what you need to do in order to enable the restricted user to be able to run the RTI applications All necessary software is included on your Piranha CD except the Palm Desktop not shipped by RTI Electronics due to legal reasons which you will find on the CD that is shipped with your Palm OS handheld 5 3 1 Which Applications are Needed The necessary applications differs depending on if the user is going to use only Ocean measurement software for the Windows platform or if the user is also going to use or only use the QABrowser measurement software for the Palm OS handheld platform Only Ocean Windows platform Ocean only requires that you install the Ocean software but also note that there are some other utilities RTI Updater that the user will need in the future in order to update the software located in the Piranha instrument firmware QABrowser Palm OS and Windows platform In order to properly use the QABrowser and to be able to use the Palm OS handheld Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 5 Problems and Solutions 77 Windows Restricted User Accounts the user will need the Palm Desktop software available on the CD shipped with the handheld The Palm Desktop software makes it possible for
106. t Probe to the Piranha 3 Set up the Piranha and the handheld computer according to the description in Setting Up the Piranhal 17 4 Cover the white light sensitive area of the Piranha Light Probe to shield off all light you may use the rubber part that comes with the Piranha Light Probe M if available Itis very important that you shield off all light Then make a Reset After that you can remove the shield and place the light detector where you want to measure the ambient light 5 Read the value You can now move the Piranha Light Probe L to other points and measure the ambient light 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual Chapter 5 Problems and Solutions 5 Problems and Solutions 73 5 Problems and Solutions 5 1 Troubleshooting Before contacting your distributor or RTI Electronics please check the following tips A Check the RTI web page for updates http www rtigroup com B Run through the checklist below The Piranha does not work Check 1 Check that the motor moves properly or can beep QABrowser Setup System Test The Piranha filter seem to have stuck 1 Start the QABrowser and run the filter test QABrowser Setup System Test 2 Hold the Piranha in you right hand bythe cable edge 3 When the motor is trying to move tap the Piranha s left long edge in the palm of your left hand until it comes free The electrometer does not give a reading Check 1 That the correct input connector is used a
107. t makes the system auto adjust erroneously Below the various active messages are shown Make sure to follow the text shown Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 3 Measurement Principles amp Theory Display Messages and Active Messages since reset may be performed automatically Otherwise do a Reset again High signal One or several detectors have too high signal Low signal The Piranha detects a signal butitis too low to presenta reliable result High kVp Measured tube voltage is higher than that of the selected kV range Low kVp Measured tube voltage is lower than that of the selected kV range 3 3 2 Display Messages High signal One or several detectors have too high signal e Lower the set sensitivity under settings e Reduce the mAand or increase the distance from tube to detector Exp lt Delay The exposure time is too short compared to the delay time e Increase the exposure time and or reduce the values of delay and or window time Keep in mind that the for the QABrowser the type of measurement sets the delay time value The standard value for radiography use is 5 ms but for dental itis 200 ms High kVp Measured tube voltage is higher than that of the selected kV range e Change to a higher kV range Low kVp Measured tube voltage is lower than that of the selected kV range e Change to a lower kV range Low Signal The Piranha detects a signal but itis too low to presenta reliable result e Increase th
108. tart Total progress 6 If the Piranha is found the window in the figure above is shown The different modules are checked and after a while the start button is enabled Click Start If the Piranha cannot be found a message with suggested solutions is shown 7 The updating process starts The RTI Updater checks the current versions and compares with the update Modules with old firmware are automatically updated A RTI Updater Settings Help Serial Status Firmware 1 C52 09110608 Updating Firmware 2 Will be updated Model 657 Information RTI Current task Programming firmware 16 Total progress A 2 Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 2 Description of the Piranha Maintenance 8 Note that storing the new firmware in the flash memory may take several minutes for each module The RTI Updater will indicate which modules have been updated 9 Power off the Piranha and disconnect the serial cable when the program indicates that everything is OK B Update Completed ea Settings Helo Serial Status Firmware 1 CB2 09110608 Updated Firmware 2 Updated Model 657 Information RTI Current task Update Completed Total progress If you have any problem with your Piranha after updating re install the firmware again before contacting your local distributor or RTI Electronics To re install firmware repeat step 1 to 9 above but before performing step 6 go to the menu Setti
109. ter lp mm ordinarily using a resolving power target The resolution actually achieved when imaging lower contrast objects is normally much less and depends upon many variables such as subject contrast levels and noise of the overall imaging system Roentgen R or R ntgen The previously used special unit of exposure 1 R 2 58 x 104 C kg Originally Stockholm 1928 defined as international R Symbol r and later Chicago 1937 modified to Roentgen or y ray that gives a charge of 1 esE from secondary emission in 0 001293 g of air This means that an exposure of one Roentgen will produce 2 58 x 104 coulomb of ions of either sign per kilogram in air Here the previously used physical quantity exposure has been replaced by kerma in air See kerma One R does not equal 1 cGy as the units C kg and J kg are different To do this conversion the ionization constant for air must be used which is 33 97 J C This is how its calculated 1 Gy 1 J kg 01 J kg 2 58 x 104 C kgR x 33 97 J C 114 1 R An exposure of 114 1 R thus equals an Air Kerma of 1 Gy That also means that the value in R should be multiplied by 8 76 to get the Air Kerma in mGy See also Exposure Scattered radiation Radiation that during passage through matter is changed in direction It is usually accompanied bya decrease in energy Serial radiography A radiographic procedure in which a sequence of radiographs is made rapidly by using an automatic cassette chan
110. th the Piranha System Mammograph 4 5 6 1 Corrections for the Compression Paddle The Piranha is well collimated above its small detector area and will measure the same whether the compression paddle is placed directly on top of the Piranha or high above This is NOT true for an ion chamber A factor has been introduced which enables the Piranha to take the scattered radiation into consideration and produce measurement results as ifit was anion chamber which senses the scattered radiation directly When an ion chamber is placed directly below the compression paddle a relatively constant scatter factor of 6 is found The factor is typical for ion chambers such as Radcal 6M PTW N23344 and Standard Imaging Magna cc Typically for a Mo Mo beam energy a 0 10 mm Al equivalent compression paddle is used Thatis equal to approximately 3 mm of plexiglass PMMA For W Al beam energy an equivalent compression paddle of 0 18 mm A is typically used instead When comparing with typical mammographic ion chambers listed above you should multiply the Piranha dose value with a scatter factor of 1 06 to make it measure as an ion chamber directly below the compression paddle More info about the correction for compression paddle can be found in Application Note 1 AN 52020 2 from RTI Electronics AB Please also see section Angular Sensitivity Piranhal 24 for details on sensitivity in different directions 4 5 6 2 Normalization A normalizati
111. the patient often called cineradiography Cineradiography Indirect radiography of moving objects usuallyin rapid series on cine film Collim ator See beam limiting device Compensating filter Filter used in order to modify the distribution of absorbed dose rate over the radiation field Computed tomography CT An imaging procedure that uses multiple X ray transmission measurements and a computer program to generate tomographic images of the patient Piranha Reference Manual 2015 05 5 5D 6 Glossary 93 Continuous mode For an X ray generator mode of loading an X ray tube continuously as in radiotherapy or in radioscopy Conversion factor of an image intensifier The quotient of the luminance of the output phosphor of the image intensifier divided by the kerma rate atthe input phosphor Sl unit cd m Gy s cd s Gy m CT See Computed Tomography CT number One of a set of numbers on a linear scale which are related to the linear attenuation coefficients calculated bya computed tomographic device One of the specific set of CT numbers on a scale from 1000 for air to 1000 for bone with water equal to zero which is called a Hounsfield unit Curie Ci The previously used special unit of activity equal to 3 7 x 1010 per second 1 Ci 3 7 x 101 Bq Dead man switch Aswitch so constructed that a circuit closing contact can be maintained only by continuous pressure on the switch Dental panoramic radiogr
112. the user to HotSync data like contacts memos and QABrowser measurements logs and other applications to the handheld from the users PC Attention Always Start by installing the Palm Desktop software before you install any of the RTI Electronics AB software And check that the HotSync works properly by performing a HotSync with the Palm OS handheld Instructions on how to install Palm Desktop and performing a HotSync are shipped with the Palm OS handheld usuallyin a Read this first booklet After the Palm Desktop software is installed and working properly you will also need e The Support File Package available on the Piranha CD This contains the run time libraries and components that is required by RTI Updater and other RTI Electronics utilities and an addition to the Palm Desktop software from Palm Source that is required for data synchronization with the handheld e QABrowser Updater available on the Piranha CD which contains an application that updates the files on the handheld the Excel Add in Excel macro and the software Palm OS conduit that transfers the QABrowser measurement logs from the handheld RTI Updater The RTI Updater application is used for updating the built in software firmware of the Piranha This is needed if the user is going to update either the Ocean or QABrowser software in the future since updates to those applications usually also requires that the firmware of the Piranha is updated Please n
113. ulations to your purchase ofa Piranha You have now in your hand the most powerful tool for X ray analysis Ithas been carefully designed to meet the needs of both standard QAapplications as well as advanced service repair calibration of modern X ray systems while still being very simple and intuitive to use It can measure all the required parameters such as kVp exposure time dose HVL Total Filtration dose pulse dose rate tube current mAs waveforms and much more The Piranha can be used in two different ways e As a meter with a handheld computer and the QABrowser or a PC with Ocean Quick Check e As a complete QA system with a PC and the Ocean software This manual describes the Piranha The QABrowser and the PC software Ocean are described in detail in separate manuals The Piranha system s main features are e Very easy and intuitive to use e Accurate e Active Compensation No manual corrections are needed e Measures on all modalities with one detector 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 6 1 Introduction Introduction to the Piranha e Specially designed measuring modes for pulsed waveforms e Compact e QABrowser or Ocean is used for control and data processing e Waveform analyser e USB and Bluetooth interface e Free upgrade of firmware e New and unique design Free upgrades of the firmware the software resident in the cabinet and measuring modules are available on RTI Electronics Web site at http www rt
114. ure Examples might be energy corrections angular corrections field inhomogeneity corrections etc If you save this setting as a Favourite you can have a quick way of repeatedly making a special measurement without any manual corrections 4 5 6 4 Corrections for Angular Sensitivity For mammography the following correction table may be used ata SDD of 60 cm if the Piranha is placed flat on the breast support This assuming that the focal pointis situated at the chest wall which normally is the case You can find the product version on the label on the back side of your Piranha Distance from Correction for Piranha Correction for Piranha chest wall v2 X and higher cm EO Rule of thumb for v1 X add 2 per centimeter from the chest wall at 60 cm SDD i e for 4 cm use 8 correction As seen for product version 2 X no correction is necessary You may use the Beam Correction Factor together with Favourites in T JJ Ocean or QABrowser to automatically do a specific correction See Beam Correction Factor 6 See also Angular Sensitivity Piranhal 24 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 4 Measurements with the Piranha System Mammograph 4 5 7 Average Glandular Dose AGD MGD The AGD average glandular dose is derived from measurements of the HVL and of the ESAK entrance surface kerma or ESE making use of tabulated conversion factors from ESAK or ESE to AGD or MGD The tabulated data has been derived
115. using the power switch Optionally you may connect the power supply from the power outlet to the USB port 2 Make sure that the image receptor is positioned at a clinically relevant distance typically 600 mm 3 You should place the Piranha flat on the image receptor with its long axis parallel to the chest wall making sure the centre of the detector surface is placed in the centre of the light field as shown in the pictures above 40 mm distance shown This placement of the Piranha makes the detector surface perpendicular to the cathode anode axis to avoid influence from the heel effect T Note For general mammography itis important that the USB port points in the patients left direction as shown in picture ip Tip To be able to get comparable results please consider the position of the Piranha The Piranha should be placed ata clinically relevant distance from the 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 4 Measurements with the Piranha System Mammograph chest wall Recommendations for this varies typically between 40 and 60 mm For Europe 60 mm is the recommended distance Ref ECR 16263 EU 4 Connect the devices Handheld For Bluetooth wireless nothing is needed PC connect the USB cable For Bluetooth wireless attach the Bluetooth adapter to the PC if not built in 5 Power on the handheld computer or the PC Now everything is set up with the hardware Please continue in one of the following sections
116. ut the AMX 4 correction can be found in the Application Note 1 AN 52020 1 from RTI Electronics AB Pulsed This waveform type should be used for pulsed fluoroscopy especially when the pulses do not have a good square waveform shape The exposure time must be longer than the selected recording time when using this waveform type Pulsed waveform type is selected under Settings Conditions in the same way as the AMX 4 waveform type Conditions TP factor Ifan ion chamber is used temperature and pressure can be specified to get correct dose measurements The Internal detector and other semiconductor detectors are virtually not affected by temperature and pressure The TP Factor is calculated as follows TP P P x T T where P and T are the reference air pressure and absolute air temperature normally P gt 101 3 kPa and T 293 K 20 C T and P are the actual absolute air temperature and pressure in the same units kPa and K Temperature This value is used to calculate the TP factor when ion chambers are used Temperature can be specified in Kelvin degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit Unit is chosen in the QABrowser Setup under Units Pressure This value is used to calculate the TP factor when ion chambers are used Air pressure can be specified in several different units Unit is chosen in the QABrowser Setup under Units Please note that the pressure easily changes by 10 For the same effect from temperature it
117. vel is relative low here Therefore a delay of 200 ms is default for the Piranha If the signal to the detector is too low to give a correct kV value this part of the waveform will be blank This is the reason why only the upper parts of the kV waveform is displayed To see more of the waveform change the kV range 4 7 CT 4 7 4 CTKVp To measure kVp on a CT is many times difficult since with most meters itis required to stop the tube in the top position at the same time as the table is not moving This can normally not be obtained using an available standard clinical program Instead a service mode must be used Another problem is to find the beam especially when using a small slice width All these problems are minimized when using the Piranha 2015 05 5 5D Piranha Reference Manual 4 Measurements with the Piranha System 66 CT since it can move with the table through the beam while the tube is in the top position This is can easily be obtained by measuring while a topogram scout pilot image is taken Atopogram is obtained with a moving table and a stationary tube normally in the top position The topogram is normally used to provide information for the actual CT scan Itis recommended to use a slice width of 3 mm or wider Thatis if selectable use as large slice width as possible You may also want to use the Timed mode to allow measurements on moving CT machines see section Update Modes 44 To measure CT kVp 1
118. w millimetres The Piranha detector has very narrow detector area and is very thin and a special holder optional can be used to position the Piranha without any problem Panoramic units that use digital detectors have much smaller detector area and magnets cannot and should not be used close to the detector area Special fixation rods for the head should be placed so that they are notin the beam during the scan or can hit the detector In most cases the control panel have a special scan mode without X ray so the mechanical set up can be tested Another important issue to be aware of is that a dental panoramic system normally compensates the for the thicker penetrating neck region in the patient when it makes its scan This means that some units actually increase its tube voltage a short moment during the scan other use different mAor scan speeds when the scanning beam passes the neck region Newer digital system can actually measure patients X ray beam attenuation dynamically and change the output level automatically during the scan The Piranha has addressed these challenges Since the panoramic scan has an exposure time of about 10 to 20 seconds the Piranha is setup to continuously update the display during the scan Itis preferable to select a single parameter display and angle the Palm holder making it easy to read the values during the scan from a distance You can always trust the kV reading of a dental measurement This is true sin
119. y be used Praag Sample Min WF Max WF Auto tim Renee mode rosei is After Exposure 1 0564 0 32 40 Timed Low Highsens 4 0564 o32 4 Timed Very High sens 30 20 2560 13 2000 Free run LowiHigh sens 4 0 5 64 0 32 40 Free run Very High sens so 20 2560 13 2000 Note The Sample time is the resolution of the w aveform i e time betw een tw o samples Auto reset means that a resetis performed after each trig off Reset time is the time it takes to perform a reset each time you hit Reset Sample time is the time between individual data point of the waveform Waveform recording time is the range of user selectable recording times the Piranha allows Note that in Timed and Free run you may get negative readings for instance if you press reset when a signal is present on the detector 3 2 1 Using Timed Update Mode The Timed mode can be very useful both for very low dose rate measurements as well as for long duration measurements e For extreme low level dose measurements you can improve your reading by subtracting the background level First do a Timed measurement without exposing the detector to radiation and then do the same with radiation The timed mode will use the same measuring time and the first reading can be subtracted from the first Just make sure not to do a Reset between these measurements as the Reset will also make an offset adjustment Note also

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