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CyberRat User`s Manual

1. Analyzing and Coding Behavior B 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 05 5TRT g 00 00 03 06 00 00 04 05 MOVE Z 00 00 04 06 00 00 10 06 EXPL 00 00 12 NA 00 00 16 13 EXPL 00 00 16 14 00 00 17 07 MOVE 00 00 17 08 00 00 34 14 EXPL 00 00 35 00 00 00 37 09 DIPR 00 00 37 10 00 00 41 10 EXPL 00 00 41 11 00 00 44 06 MOVE 00 00 44 07 00 00 47 00 EXPL 00 00 47 01 00 00 48 11 REAR 00 00 48 12 00 00 49 07 MOVE 00 00 49 08 00 00 50 01 EXPL al 00 00 50 02 00 00 58 00 REAR ai T gt CyberRat User s Manual 70 Use the Play Again or Play Next buttons just below the video screen to repeat the current segment or advance to the next segment ER RER 00 00 12 03 00 00 16 13 EXPL f 00 00 16 14 00 00 17 07 MOVE 00 00 17 08 00 00 34 14 EXPL 00 00 35 00 00 00 37 09 DIPR 00 00 37 10 00 00 41 10 EXPL 00 00 41 11 00 00 44 06 MOVE 00 00 44 07 00 00 47 00 EXPL 00 00 47 01 00 00 48 11 REAR 00 00 48 12 00 00 49 07 MOVE 00 00 49 08 00 00 50 01 EXPL 00 00 50 02 00 00 58 00 REAR Again once you are confident of your ability to follow how each segment of the session was coded by the expert you are ready to move to your own attempts at coding by following the steps describe next Learning to Code Step 3 Use the Navigation Menu at the upper right to go to the Behavioral Coding Training screen If you are learning to code only one type of behavior select the Start Single Beh
2. Y Number of Bar Press 149 149 Reinforcements 00 Subject Gruffy174 Weight 230 grams Reinforcement Size 0 1 ml Schedule CRF 999999992 Gruffy174_S15 Target Behavior Bar Press Sess Duration 00 59 50 FAST RUN AR 0 00 00 06 00 12 00 Minutes Seconds 18 00 24 00 30 00 Time min j 00 22 22 Lu gt 42 00 36 00 48 00 54 00 1 00 00 Step wise Smooth Curve The video viewing window is movable click it and drag while holding the mouse key down so you can easily adjust it to see any hidden graphic details Moving it will pause the movie so you need to start the play again when you have it positioned CyberRat 2 8 l O Composition O Compact One Line Set Data Source Target Act Graphing Graph Set Help Y Number of Bar Press 149 149 Reinforcements 300 SESS Subject Gruffy174 Weight 230 grams Reinforcement Size 0 1 ml 270 Schedule CRF 999999992 Gruffy174_S15 Target Behavior Bar Press 240 Sess Duration 00 59 50 FAST RUN 210 180 150 120 90 60 30 06 00 Minutes Seconds 18 00 24 00 30 00 Time min 36 00 42 00 48 00 54 00 1 00 00 Step wise Q Smooth Curve CyberRat User s Manual 53 Other Graphing Options There are many other features that are largely self explanatory such
3. Buy Now What are my Purchase Options Purchase options are spelled out on the CyberRat Purchase page but briefly you may 1 Pay 20 to receive an activation serial number via e mail allow up to 24 hours to receive this e mail to activate your downloaded copy 2 Pay 30 to receive a mailed copy of a backup CD that also includes a serial number for activating your download or CD copy Non US students should ALWAYS purchase the download version no CD will be mailed out of US NOTE There is ONLY one difference between the CD and downloaded version the CD has virtually the same amount of video as the downloaded version but it uses almost 400 MB of storage and is thus slightly better quality although you have to look really closely to see the difference from the 40 MB video in the downloaded version We also offer CyberRat User s Manual 11 a free download of the higher resolution video If you want to add the larger video to it let us know and we ll send you simple instructions on how to do this What Did Buy Within approximately 24 hours often much less of completing your purchase you will receive an e mail with a CyberRat Activation Number that reads pretty much as follows Thank you for your purchase of the downloadable version of CyberRat Your serial number is 3BFCR 4 4 Go to www CyberRat biz to register this number and complete your course registration so your instructor may receive your assig
4. 00 Minutes Seconds Time min Step wise Smooth Curve To delete a set of sessions use the Erase the Set option of the Graph Set menu CyberRat User s Manual 51 GraphSet Graph the Set Erase the Set Print the Set Save the Set Hide Set List Hide Grid Zooming in on Details When you have graphed in either Traditional or Compact One Line mode you may also Zoom in on a given segment to enlarge the details This is often quite useful for seeing details such as FI scallops or FR break runs that are typically obscured by low resolution plots of an entire session To Zoom merely click and drag your mouse from the desired beginning to the desired ending of the segment you wish to view in high resolution format Reviewing Video Corresponding to Graphics When you have graphed in either Traditional or Compact One Line mode you may review your saved video record of that same session superimposed on your graphic This is especially useful for translating actual on going behaviors into their graphic abstraction depicted on the cumulative record To do this merely click on the section of the graph you wish to begin viewing while also holding down the Shift key as you click CyberRat User s Manual 52 d O Composition O Compact One Line et Data Source TargetAct Graphing Graph Set Help CyberRat 2 8
5. Alternatively you may send a check or money order for 20 US for a download activation or 30 US for a CD to AD Inc P O Box 2963 Winter Park FL 32780 2963 If sending a check for a CD be sure to include a desired shipping address where we can send your CyberRat CD CyberRat User s Manual 5 On line Course Registration Requirements To use all of CyberRat s many features each student must register on line at www cyberrat biz to be properly assigned to their respective school instructor and section where CyberRat is a required course resource Even individual users who are not using CyberRat as a course requirement must register for at least the Individual section Registration requires two different numbers to be used the Proof of Purchase number and a student ID number Student ID numbers are used for login Proof of Purchase Number Registration Everyone using CyberRat must begin their on line registration by entering the unique Proof of Purchase number printed on the inside cover of their CyberRat CD jewel case This unique proof of purchase number is matched against a master list on our servers to assure that only one course and experimental history record is created for each individual Any number currently in use will not function for a second registration using that number Student ID and Course Identification As a second step in the on line registration process student users also are requi
6. Coding option If you are learning to code continuous occurrences of all types of behavior select the Start Continuous Coding option make Next Choice JE Please define Training Mode to start Single Beh or Continuous Coding Start Continuous Coding Start Single Beh Coding In either case you will be given a coding panel to click on the behavior of choice and to record its time of occurrence In addition you will see the beginning of the session frozen on the video playback screen along CyberRat User s Manual 71 with several options for controlling video playback Work with whatever options you become most comfortable with but many find using the frame advance buttons back and forward to step through the video the most convenient You may hold these buttons down for slow but continuous play forward or backward Your goal is to find the END of a given behavioral category and record the category just completed by clicking on its label For example all sessions begin with the animal not yet in the box There is a special category for this period called STRT start and it ends JUST PRIOR to both hind feet being in contact with the grid floor of the chamber Advance the video until you find this point Analyzing and Coding Behavior B Now click on the STRT category to record both this category and the time shown on the sess
7. Third is CyberRat User Guide Downloads which is well User Guides both a brief but illustrated Quick Start guide for how to launch and use the program and the other is a detailed Full User Guide with 8 CyberRat User s Manual 9 lots more pictures and details concerning every feature how to find them and how to use them These are printable pdf files so we highly recommend their use Fourth and most important is CyberRat Program Downloads Not much mystery here other than choosing the one for a Windows PC or an Apple Macintosh computer Finally there is another note about needing to purchase to make this download a fully functioning application not simply a demo version This note has yet another copy of the links to the CyberRat Purchase pages PURCHASE Let s Walk Through the Purchase Process Click on one of the CyberRat Purchase links that are in either the IMPORTANT FOR STUDENTS section or the NOTES section Version 2 0 IMPORTANT FOR STUDENTS Use of CyberRat for courses REQUIRES purchase of CyberRat to save data and submit experiment assignments to your instructor To receive a serial number by e mail that activates required data services please purchase atour CyberRat Pi igh page Without proper purchase and registration NONE of your requived experiments will be saved or submitted CyberRat User Guides Download This takes you to a page where you are told all about the options for purch
8. an End Experiment button replace the Start Experiment CyberRat User s Manual 40 button at the lower left of your screen Clicking on this button will terminate the session at any time Alternatively if you established a parameter to determine a fixed length for your session when the clock reaches that time the session will self terminate Upon termination the experimental window will once again return to all black and you will see a dialog box asking if you would like to save the movie script for the session just completed What about the Record gt Do you want to save a Record Movie of this Session 2 so that you ll be able to replay analyze it in the future Yes save it Dont save it If you wish to playback any part of this session as video you should save the session s record and movie A second dialog will give you an opportunity to also add a short note about anything worthy of comment about this session for your animal s personal experimental journal Conduct Experiment Experimental Subject Follower293 Movie Record 36759 Follower293_S05 Session 06 1 18 03 Depriv 23 Hrs Reinforcement Size 0 1 ml Schedule CRF Target Behavior Bar Press Sess Duration 00 19 48 FAST RUN 110 Reinforcements 110 Bar Presses j Follnwer293 SN Any Notes for the Session gt Do you want to add to this session s description your Notes or any Problem Report or mark the se
9. animals We have made every effort to require the same activities in the same sequence as is required in real laboratory conditions To begin this enterprise you merely need to launch CyberRat by double clicking on the application icon that looks like this one a CyberRat As the application launches you will see a splash screen welcoming you to CyberRat a Check Point CybeRa B is brought to you by the folks at 2 AI Inc This screen subsequently presents you with a dialog box requiring you to login either as a Visitor or as a recognized student using a registered student ID number Let s consider each of these two options and what happens when you select them as your Login Input Login as a Visitor to the CyberRat Laboratory As noted above when you launch the CyberRat application a dialog box will ask you to Please enter your Student ID as illustrated CyberRat User s Manual 17 CyberRat 2 8 CT Roger D Ray In this section we are assuming that you wish only a brief and therefore limited tour of how CyberRat looks and feels Likewise we are assuming that you are not actively connected to the internet through your ISP or network connection Thus to accept the default entry of Visitor merely click the OK button What Does Visitor Status Mean with Respect to What I Can Do in the CyberRat Laboratory As a Visitor to the CyberRat laboratory you are
10. application This one will Al Inc Roger D Ray Clicking directly on any message field will expand contract that field for easier reading as illustrated below CyberRat User s Manual 21 O Messages from your Instructor B If you have already upgraded your main CyberRat application please ignore this message If you haven t please go to thy http www cyberrat net upgrades htm and download the new application Please follow posted instructions on how to replace the old application with the new application This one will automatically download all future upgrades so this is the last upgrade you will have to make manually Thanks and enjoy your evaluation copy of CyberRat Should you wish to adopt CyberRat for your teaching please e mail us so we can setup a course registration for your students CyberRat User s Manual 22 Chapter 3 Using the Colony Room Summary Step 1 Go to the Colony Room use default OK at login or select from top right navigation button Step 2 In the Colony Room use the Add New Subject button to obtain experimental animal s Step 3 Select the desired experimental history for each animal subject Step 4 Name each animal subject Step 5 Select one animal subject for experimentation Step 6 Go to Experimental Parameters section to set up your experimental arrangements and parameters Details For Registered Experimenters Only Visitors to t
11. definitions so that you can recognize any example and correctly label it with the proper code Now you are ready to move to the second stage reviewing the actual session record coding line by coding line Learning to Code Step 2 Use the Examples Menu at the upper left to switch between the options for viewing the codes In our Step 1 illustration you selected Play Code Illustrations Now you are ready for Play Narrated Record as illustrated below I Analyzing and Coding Behavior Load Session Record of Play Code Illustrations Play Narrated Record There are some options that you will want to consider on this new screen The first is how the narrated play will operate once initiated There is a panel at the upper right labeled Play Mode which allows you to play the video sequences at your own pace Play Record controlled by CyberRat User s Manual 69 buttons or to auto advance Play Record with pauses of X secs between Acts Codes by specifically paced pauses between behavioral changes You may select alternative pause intervals once you are at a level where auto play is comfortable but you should probably begin with self paced playback To set this click on the checked box to deselect it and toggle select the alternative as illustrated Now you are ready to click on any coding data line you like to begin playback
12. implies that you must inform the graphics system quite precisely about the data you wish to plot Thus we will consider the many options and requirements of this powerful system Selecting a Subject Session and Behavior to Graph As noted at the end of Chapter 5 concerning the Conduct of Experiments when a session has been completed it always leaves you with a short cut option to view the results of that session In this section we will cover how to graph other sessions and or other subject s data To begin graphing data from alternative experiments you need first to Set Data Source using the top left menu button illustrated below Traditional O Composition C Compact One Line Set Data Source TargetAct Graphing Help You may select any session from your personal experimental journal which is kept automatically for each of your experimental subjects or any session from the supplied Session Archive CyberRat User s Manual 47 M Traditional LJ Composi Set Data Source Target Act From the Archive ess 149 Allergen361 Journal Gruffy174 Joumal Gorbi274 Joumal Able374 Joumal Max314 Joumal Dapple294 Journal 210 Selecting either a specific subject by name or the Archive from the Set Data Source menu will bring you a further selection option that allows you to choose any specific experimental session to be graphed This selection is made merely by clicking once anywhere inside the informational section d
13. of what the animal is doing Under this setting a drop of water reinforcement is delivered strictly on an irregular or variable random timing schedule every X seconds on average and is delivered totally independently of what the animal is doing No bar presses will be reinforced under this setting although some prior training of some behavior is assumed to have already taken place Therefore the experimenter will not need to set any other reinforcement schedule parameters No bar presses will be reinforced under this setting and no prior training is assumed CyberRat User s Manual 33 If you have selected a Manual Reinforcement Schedule with the Bar OFF the system assumes you are intending to shape an alternative form of behavior In order to know how to graph this behavior a list of alternative forms of behavior the graphing system can recognize is offered for your selection You may of course type in your own alternative description to appear in your journal But in this case graphing the alternative will not be possible There are at least two and as many as three slide indicators located on this screen depending upon whether you select a schedule of reinforcement that needs parameter specifications Each of these serves a different function Each of these functions has a default setting for new experimenters but each also allows you to change settings for the desired schedule of reinforcement the amou
14. reinforcement for bar pressing during that session D CyberRat 2 8 B M Traditional O Composition Compact One Line cr SetData Source Target Act Graphing Graph et Help rap an nalyze Y Number of Going To Dipper 208 i 192 Reinforcements 999999992 Gruffy174_S10 300 Subject Gruffy174 Weight 230 grams Reinforcement Size 0 1 ml 270 Schedule FR Ratio 5 acts reinf Target Behavior Bar Press Sess Duration 02 00 03 240 210 180 150 120 90 60 30 00 00 12 00 18 00 24 00 30 00 36 00 42 00 1 00 00 Minutes O Seconds Time min Step wise Smooth Curve EEE Viewing Your Data There are three alternative forms of graphing offered at the top of the Graph and Analyze screen These include the Traditional cumulative recorder as a chart strip a clipped and pasted CyberRat User s Manual 49 Composition of curves nestled together as is sometimes used in publications and a Compact One Line that places all data within the space offered by the graphic screen If you wish to view more than one session superimposed as a set of graphs use this Compact One Line mode M Campact One Line j Graph Set Help When your selected session has been graphed you may store it as a member of a set of graphs for c
15. return to the Operant technique of cumulative records but now will want to graph the expert codings rather than the fixed categories defined for training with CyberRat proper To graph a cumulative record for any behavior in the catalog first select the Cumulative Graphs option CyberRat User s Manual 63 Load Session Record of gt Load for Analysis Show Frequency Table Show Probability Table Show Time Distribution Table Show Frequency Graph Show Probability Graph Show Total Times Graph Show Mean Durations Graph Cumulative Graphs And you will be prompted to select the behavior category you wish to graph as a cumulative record Define Behavioral Act Please select Behavior of interest 8 with the Graphing Menu Load Session Record of gt Graph Using CyberRat User s Manual 64 And the temporal distribution of each occurrence of the behavioral category will be graphed across the duration of the session Analyzing and Coding Behavior B Y Number of GRMNs in Expert s Coding is 13 0 00 00 05 54 11 48 17 42 23 36 29 30 35 24 41 18 47 12 53 06 59 00 Minutes Seconds Time min In the example illustrated above it may be seen that Grooming occurred more frequently during the middle of the session than at the b
16. you need to skip to the chapter called Conducting Your Experiment Chapter 7 in this manual to find out what to do next Login as a Registered User of the CyberRat Laboratory As noted in Chapter 1 all users of CyberRat are required to first register at www cyberrat biz for an appropriate course and section assignment even if you are not a student but rather are an individual user Beginning at the www cyberrat biz home page follow the On line Registration links to complete this process IMPORTANT As stated previously if you intend to purchase CyberRat at our on line e commerce store rather than your institution s bookstore you must purchase and receive your CyberRat Proof of Purchase number prior to registration To purchase on line you should go to CyberRat User s Manual 19 http psychology psych ai com skuCRat WinOrMac html where you may pay with a credit card and have the CyberRat CD sent to you by U S mail services Your Proof of Purchase number is printed on the inside cover of your CD The on line purchase link is also accessible from our company home page at www psych ai com by following the CyberRat Purchase links on that page Assuming you have entered your correct student ID in the login field as illustrated below ST Password needed Please enter your Student ID you should soon see a server recognition that confirms who you are and that gives you the current preference setting for cond
17. CyberRat User s Manual Roger D Ray Ph D AI Inc Copyright 2008 CyberRat User s Manual Table of Contents Chapter 1 Purchasing Downloading and Using CyberRat WorldWideWeb User Registration Requirements Chapter 2 Getting Started Chapter 3 Using the Colony Room Chapter 4 Setting Experimental Parameters Chapter 5 Conducting an Experiment Chapter 6 Replaying Movie Sessions Chapter 7 Graphing Experimental Results Chapter 8 Multi Beh Analysis and Coding Chapter 9 Quitting Exiting References 2 15 22 29 38 44 46 54 78 80 CyberRat User s Manual 3 Chapter 1 Purchasing Downloading and Using CyberRat WorldWideWeb User Registration Requirements Summary Step 1 Purchase CyberRat to obtain a Proof of Purchase number and the required digital video source material If your instructor has ordered CyberRat for local purchase you may buy it at your school bookstore We strongly encourage making your purchase which is always cheaper directly from us on line at http www ai2inc com POL CRPOL html On line purchases may be for a downloadable version of CyberRat at 20US or a CD for 30US A download purchase will result in you receiving typically within 24 hours of purchase an e mail with an activation number and registration instructions If you buy a CD Your Proof of Purchase number is printed on the inside cover of the CyberRat CD je
18. Getting Started Summary Step 1 If you purchased a CD move the ENTIRE CyberRat FOLDER to your Hard Drive to install it See the last paragraph in Chapter 1 for details Step 2 You MUST be connected to the internet to have full services available while using CyberRat Establish an internet connection then launch CyberRat Step 3 After establishing an internet connection and launching CyberRat Login with your Student ID number not the Proof of Purchase number Details CyberRat is a virtual reality product implemented through the convergence of advanced interactive digital video internet databases and behavioral systems technologies CyberRat has been distributed to you on a CD ROM but it requires that you also be connected to the internet This section describes why this is so and how you go about purchasing if you haven t yet done so and setting up the CyberRat system Installing CyberRat on your Hard Drive See the last paragraph of Chapter 1 for instructions regarding the installation of CyberRat to your computer s main Hard Drive Using CyberRat Internet Connection and Login Requirements CyberRat User s Manual 16 Once you have moved the CyberRat System folder to your hard drive you will be ready to explore how the system works The CyberRat application provides students with the opportunity to shape rat subjects just as if those students were conducting an actual operant conditioning experiment with real
19. Los CyberRat User s Manual 29 Chapter 4 Setting Experimental Parameters The Set Experimental Parameters screen allows you to establish all of the experimental conditions you wish to use for your experimental session These include establishing a schedule of reinforcement which may also include identifying which category of behavior you wish to reinforce such as bar pressing turning in circles rearing etc how much reinforcement to deliver each time how many hours your animal has been isolated from the water reinforcement deprivation schedule how long you want your session to run etc Setting the Active Reinforcement Schedule Of course one of the first things you will want to do is to set the Reinforcement Schedule by using the menu button at the upper right corner Reinforcement Schedule Manual Reinforcement Bar Reinf On Bar Reinf Off CRF Continuous Reinf FR Fixed Ratio VR Variable Ratio FI Fixed Interval VI Variable Interval ee FT Fixed Temporal 0 45 VT Variable Temporal Extinction wn Habituation 0 35 0 3 As with most operant conditioning chambers the one used for CyberRat is equipped to sense automatically the occurrence of only one type of behavior the depression of the bar that protrudes into the chamber in the center of the left wall This allows the apparatus to track CyberRat User s Manual 30 bar pressing behaviors and to
20. Manual 31 the indicator on the slide parameter scale to the desired interval The subject will receive reinforcement for the first bar press response made after a varying length of time The experimenter must set the length of this varying time interval during which the subject will not be reinforced by sliding both the maximum time and the minimum time indicators on the slide parameter scale to the desired maximum and minimum time units within which the subject will not be reinforced Establishing both a maximum and a minimum will cause a simple mean number to also be established and the indicator will automatically adjust to that number The subject will be reinforced after a fixed number of bar presses The experimenter will need to set the slide indicator at the desired number of presses The subject will receive reinforcement after a varying number of bar presses The experimenter will need to set the maximum and minimum number of bar presses after which the subject will be Fixed Temporal Variable Temporal Extinction Habituation CyberRat User s Manual 32 reinforced Establishing both a maximum and a minimum will cause a simple mean number to also be established and the indicator will automatically adjust to that number Under this setting a drop of water reinforcement is delivered strictly on a regular or fixed timed schedule every X seconds and is delivered totally independently
21. N ID when you start using CyberRat CyberRat User s Manual 14 Artificially Intelligent Adaptive Instruction CyberRat CD Serial Number and Lab Section Registration Page 2 of 7 in the CyberRat CD Registration process The CyberRat CD serial number you need for this registration is printed inside the CyberRat CD Jewel Case cover Please enter this CD serial number into the field below gt 3FCR000000000 Send Information The remainder of the registration process should be self explanatory as you go through it you are essentially signing up for the instructor school course section that requires use of CyberRat This assures the right instructor gets your data when you run experiments INSTALLING FINALLY how do I install it When CyberRat downloads it comes to your computer as a compressed package that has to be installed On Macs this is a DMG installer process On PC Windows it is a Zipped exe package In either case launching the install package starts a process that ends with placement of a folder called CyberRat that should end up on your main HD If all else fails use the system s find and look for CyberRat to see where it is Inside that folder is an application also called CyberRat When you launch it it asks for a User ID your registered STUDENT ID The rest is well in either of the User Guides Good luck and enjoy your rats CyberRat User s Manual 15 Chapter 2
22. UN My Notes This is the first Habituation session to assess coding and multiple behavior analysis tools Once the translation of the default or selected session is complete you may begin to actually use the tools offered in the Multi Behavior Analysis environment These tools fall into two distinct families 1 Graphing multiple behavioral data and 2 Learning to code or practicing coding CyberRat User s Manual 57 with the use of multiple categories We will explore each section in turn and will begin with the Graphing tools Selecting a Table or Graph for Depicting Multi Behavioral Measures There are several tables and graphs available to help you understand what is happening behaviorally during your experimental session Some of these are based on a sequential analysis of how behaviors change continuously across time In such a sequential analysis the focus is on types of behavioral change from one category to another Absolute Frequency Tables The most typical approach for conducting a sequential analysis is to begin with a simple frequency count of how many times one type of behavior was followed in turn by another type of behavior when the type of behavior changed So the first menu option is this simple conditional frequency table illustrating the absolute numeric frequency with which each type of behavior preceded a change into a specific subsequent type of behavior Load Session Record of g
23. al Coding Training Behavioral Coding Practice Cumulative Graphs Expert Coding Place CyberRat Laboratory To quit or exit from within the CyberRat laboratory go to the main Navigational button at the upper right of each screen and select Quit Exit If you have been working offline the system will remind you to reconnect to the internet so your records may be updated When this process is complete a brief dialog box will advise you of the status as illustrated here CyberRat User s Manual 79 Record Updated Your main Personal Record has been 8 successfully updated CyberRat User s Manual 80 References Bakeman R amp Gottman J M 1997 Observing interaction An introduction to sequential analysis 2nd edition Cambridge University Press Ray R D amp Delprato D J 1989 Behavioral systems analysis Methodological strategies and tactics Behavioral Science 34 81 27
24. and purchase pages Pych AI Home Artificially Intelligent Adaptive Instruction Oberrat Home rchase On Line i ur Products Instructor Services How Adopting Works Alternative Course Designs Free Evaluation Copies 5 COTES Instructor Downloads Artificially Intelligent Special CyberRat Licensing udent Services Student Textbook Downloads C berRat Upgrades Chapter pdf Downloads Student User Guides Student Tech Support bout Us Al 2 Inc Multimedia Publishing 2 Click on the CyberRat Home link third down from top On this CyberRat home page are two Sub Menus labeled CyberRat Details and Download CyberRat CyberRat User s Manual 7 ab Inc Home Fri Artificially Intelligent Adaptive Instruction Download CyberRat Welcome to CyberRat s Home Page f Purchase On Line f Our Products f Instructor Services How Adopting Works Version 2 0 Alternative Course Designs Free Evaluation Copies Instructor Downloads Special CyberRat Licensing Student Services Student Textbook Downloads CyberRat Upgrades Chapter pdf Downloads Student User Guides Student Tech Support About Us Roger D Ray Ph D A What is CyberRat like Visit our CyberRat Product Details page NEW Download a Free Evaluation copy of CyberRat merely by registering your name and educational affiliation with us 3 Click on the Download CyberRat link This will take you to the main CyberRat hub
25. as the option to smooth the step wise features of the cumulative record changing from minutes to seconds on the X axis using the Graphing menu to hide show grid lines or to hide show the session info box clicking on the student ID number at the upper right does the same thing as well as the ability to reset X and or Y axis parameters again use the Graphing menu to select each and even saving alternative X Y parameters as your preferred defaults Graphing Graph Help Graph the Session Erase the Graph Print the Graph _ Save the Graph _ Get Cut Mark Cut and Compose Cancel Cutting Hide Gnd Show Session s Info Save Graph Format as Default Save Y Scale as Derault Save X Scale as Default CyberRat User s Manual 54 Chapter 8 Multi Beh Analysis and Coding CyberRat includes not only the traditional Operant approach to analyzing an experimental session via Cumulative Graphing techniques but also gives users the option of viewing a multi behavioral perspective on experimental sessions Using a built in expert s coding system the Multi Beh Analysis and Coding section of CyberRat allows students to see how targeting one class of behaviors for reinforcement also impacts virtually all other behavioral classes when a simple inclusive coding system is used for such an analysis Further this section of CyberRat allows students to learn how to code such behaviors either selectively i e focusing on one categ
26. asing and stresses the need to make a payment either by check or via our PayPal Buy Now links on this same page CyberRat User s Manual 10 Al Inc Home nen Artificially Intelligent Adaptive Instruction CyberRat Home Purchase On Line Psychology Exploring Behavior CyberRat Download Activation or CD without Tutorials Purchase t On Line CyberRat amp Tutorials If you are unsure of the product you wish to purchase please browse Our E Products page then return here to continue with your selection Train to Code Our Products CyberRat Activation serial number for our Downloaded CyberRat Operant Conditioning Laboratory Simulations Instructor Services Student Services About Us Please NOTE This activation costs 20 00 if you are purchasing CyberRat only without the Learning amp Conditioning Tutorials You have two options for making payment prior to our mailing it to you You may make payment either on line using PayPal we accept e checks credit or debit cards or by sending us a check by US Postal services Details are If you need to download a copy of CyberRat before or after purchase of a full services activation number Click Here Option 1 A To purchase a SINGLE COPY of the CyberRat Activation without Tutorials for Downloaded Version using e checks credit or debit cards simply click on the PayPal Buy Now button immediately below Activation Serial Number for Downloaded CyberRat versions Only
27. automatically deliver reinforcement to the subject based upon any of several alternative rules Thus if you plan to have bar presses automatically reinforced by the experimental equipment you must select a schedule for this reinforcement by using the Reinforcement Schedules Selection of a given schedule automatically gives you the appropriate slider selectors for setting required parameters Be sure you set all parameters required The specific options and the rules that each follows offered by the Reinforcement Schedules button may be summarized as follows Manual Reinforcement The subject will not be exposed to CRF Reinforcement Fixed Interval any automatic reinforcement schedule unless you also select with Bar On Selecting Manual Reinforcement allows you to train and maintain any response class you wish but you must deliver each reinforcement yourself using whatever rule you wish The experimental subject will receive reinforcement for each instance of a bar press Because all bar presses are automatically reinforced the experimenter is not required to set any slide parameters for reinforcement The subject will receive reinforcement for the first bar press response made after a fixed length of time The experimenter must set the length of this fixed time interval during which the subject will not be reinforced by sliding Variable Interval Fixed Ratio Variable Ratio CyberRat User s
28. e subject s name history and the experimental parameters selected for this experiment The button Start Experiment also appears in the lower right hand corner To proceed with the experiment click on Start Experiment o CyberRat 2 8 E Experimental Subject Gorbi274 CyberRat User s Manual 39 You will immediately see an operant chamber appear in the window and an animal will be placed into the chamber Your experiment has now begun and the clock on the lower right will show your session s progress Oo CyberRat 2 8 E rer C1 amp NOTE If you selected to have Manual Reinforcement available the Reinforcement button in the bottom center of your screen is hot and clicking anywhere on this button will reinforcement whatever the animal is doing at the time you clicked this button This is thus a very important button if you are shaping a new behavior Inserted within the reinforcement button is a counter that shows you the number of times reinforcement has been delivered whether manually or automatically through the animal s own bar pressing if Bar delivery is Activated as indicated by the teal blue light at the upper right of the screen Ending Your Sessions Sessions may end in one of two ways If you have selected the Allow Manual Termination option in your Parameters Settings you will see
29. ed to do A Please confirm deleting the Coding Em CyberRat User s Manual 74 If you wish to save a partially coded session so you can return to work on it another time you may do so by using the menu button on the upper left Load Session Record of gt Once you have saved your work you will have a confirmation shown Coding Saved Your Continuous Coding of CodingTarget272_S03 has been saved Later you also will have the option of reloading either continuous or single behavior coding files if they exist for continued work Load Session Record of Single Beh Coding Start New Coding as Continuous Coding f Save My Coding Evaluate My Coding CyberRat User s Manual 75 Learning to Code Step 4 Use the Navigation Menu at the upper right to go to the Behavioral Coding Practice screen This screen looks very much the same as the previous screen described see Learning to Code Step 3 except on this screen you have no feedback offered when you click on the category code to register the end of a behavioral event At this stage you are working much like any professional researcher with a coding software system for merely recording your observations But there is one major difference still Instead of offering you line by line feedback on the correctness of your coding this screen offers you the use of a statistic called Cohen s Kappa see Bak
30. eginning or end To return to the main Tables and Graphing or alternatively to go to the Coding environments use the Navigational menu at the upper right of your screen di Multi Behavior Analysis Behavioral Coding Examples Behavioral Coding Training Behavioral Coding Practice Cumulative Graphs Expert Coding Place CyberRat Laboratory CyberRat User s Manual 65 It is to the Coding Environment that we will now turn our discussion Learning to Code Step 1 It is not uncommon for a student to have difficulty properly shaping his her first rat to bar press Typically this is due to poor ability to discriminate behavioral criteria for reinforcement They either don t see the critical dimensions in need of positive reinforcement to complete the successful shaping though various stages of successive approximation or if they do see them they don t respond to them immediately their sense of when behaviors start and end is not yet well developed Discriminating both the form and the timing of behavior is something that can and often needs to be learned In these cases as well as in situations where general descriptive research methods are being taught learning to properly code different categories of behavior continuously and according to clearly stated operational definitions can help teach the student to discriminate behavioral topologies generally and especiall
31. ehaviors other than bar pressing CyberRat User s Manual 37 You may also select to view your entire experiment while it runs required for shaping behavior or to place your animal in the chamber and return when the experiment is complete via a Fast Simulation mode that plays no video during the session In most experiments you will also want to set the Session Duration so the experimental session self terminates after a fixed time interval some number of reinforcements or even after a set number of bar presses You may also decide to allow a Manual Termination that overrides this automatic session termination in cases where you might wish to abort an experimental session All of these settings are found on the far right of the Set Experimental Parameters screen as illustrated below CyberRat User s Manual 38 Chapter 5 Conducting an Experiment Go to the menu and select Conduct Experiment typically when you have completed setting the experimental parameters for your experiment but you may actually select this option from any screen within CyberRat Set Experimental Paramete rs HELP Welcome Page Colony Room Set Experimental Parameters Stimulus Contingencies Conduct Experiment Replay Session Graph and Analyze QUIT EXIT Once there note the blank window in the center of this screen Note also the data field that appears above the blank window The data consists of th
32. eman and Gottman 1997 for calculating inter observer agreement as a measure of coding skill and reliability So after you have coded your behaviors you will want to use the item within the Coding Menu at the upper left that allows you to Evaluate My Coding as illustrated below Load Session Record of gt Load My Start New Coding as gt Save My Coding Evaluate My Coding This selection brings up a table called a confusion matrix which measures how you coded an event against how the expert coded the event Cohen s Kappa subtracts out the agreements one would expect to occur by chance and thus is a very conservative measure of inter observer agreements CyberRat User s Manual 76 Oe BARC are oier EXPL GRMN move osm REAR ruer SORT STRT C Ce Em Em En CS CE CE CE iia a Observed Agreement 0 7222 Agreement expected by Chance 0 2778 Cohen s Kappa 0 6154 Z Score 1 2758 Evaluated by 12 Codelines out of 1226 18 coded Segments to compare Because Cohen s Kappa is highly sensitive to even single frame disagreements this table offers a tool for changing the tolerance of acceptable frames of disagreement For example in the above table there are several disagreements entered in the cells of the confusion matrix thus making for a relatively low Kappa calculation of 61 as the corrected percentage of agreement H
33. escribing the desired session Records for Gruffy174 Click any RECORDED Session to select it for graphing Click a Session while holding the Alt Option key down to add its record to the Archive Sess Duration 01 00 02 Movie Record 96 Gruffy174_S09 Session 10 8 12 02 Depriv 23 Hrs Reinforcement Size 0 1 ml Schedule FR Ratio 5 acts reinf Target Behavior Bar Press Sess Duration 02 00 03 Movie Record 95 Gru yi 74_S10 Session 11 8 13 02 Depriv 23 Hrs Reinforcement Size 0 1 ml Schedule FR Ratio 15 acts reinf Target Behavior Bar Press X Archive It 6 Records Available x After selecting your subject and session the data for the current default behavior category will be graphed for that subject If you wish to view any alternative behavior corresponding to that same session you may do so by selecting from one of the various alternatives offered in the Target Act menu as illustrated CyberRat User s Manual 48 O Composition O Con Target Act Graphing r2pl oil Bar Press mi Bar Explore Sr Going To Dipper M Left Tight Circle n Left Circle Around the Box ati Right Tight Circle Right Circle Around the Box Nose Top Center Nose Top Front Left Nose Top Front Right Nose Top Back Left Nose Top Back Right Grooming Click on the behavior you wish to have plotted in your graph In the illustration below Going to the Water Dipper is graphed along with all deliveries of
34. for downloading getting User Guides and links for Purchasing Let s explore the content layout of this page as illustrated next urchase On Line Dur Products instructor Services How Adopting Works Alternative Course Designs Free Evaluation Copies Instructor Downloads Special CyberRat Licensing student Services Student Textbook Downloads CyberRat CD Upgrades Chapter pdf Downloads Student User Guides Student Tech Support About Us CyberRat User s Manual CyberRat Download Page INSTRUCTORS To arrange for free activation of full user services for your evaluation copy of CyberRat or for course adoption of either CyberRat alone or CyberRat with Learning Tutorials contact us at info aiZinc com Version 2 0 IMPORTANT FOR STUDENTS Use of CyberRat for courses REQUIRES purchase of CyberRat to save data and submit experiment assignments to your instructor To receive a serial number by e mail that activates required data services please purchase at our CyberRat Purchase page Without proper purchase and registration NONE of your required experiments will be saved or submitted CyberRat User Guides Download For a brief Quick Start User s Guide to using CyberRat Click Here For a full User s Guide to using CyberRat and its Behavioral Coding features Click Here CyberRat Program Downloads Ly For a free lower resolution limited features evaluation copy of CyberRat 45 MB for Windows OSs Click Here
35. he laboratory are automatically assigned an animal with a specific experimental history and specific pre experimental preparations As such they don t have to know anything at all about the way our Colony Room is maintained or how subjects are obtained This is not true of Registered Experimenters CyberRat User s Manual 23 If you are a Registered Experimenter you will be required to obtain your subject s from the Colony Room prior to any experimental session After you are recognized as a registered experimenter upon login you will see a reminder note which will take you there merely by clicking the OK button illustrated below Good to see you Hello Victor Begiashuili You may proceed to the Colony Room and select a rat for your experiment You may also go to the Colony Room by selecting that option from the Navigational pop up button at the upper right of each screen Adding an Experimental Subject To select a new subject use the Add New Subject button above the graphic of the animal s home cage as illustrated below m CyberRat 2 8 E CyberRat User s Manual 24 After you have added each new subject a field appears which requests that you choose a specific Experimental History for this subject You need to choose the prior experimental training history you want for this subject by clicking on the desired selection Add New Sub
36. imal s experimental journal Review this animal s experimental history from your journal entries then after reading details of each session select the session with a saved video record you wish to review in movie form Selecting a session is as simple as clicking anywhere within the separation lines defining a given session summary Select Session s Record Records for Max314 Click any RECORDED Session to select it for playing Click a Session while holding the Alt Option key down to add its record to the Archive Session 14 8 14 02 Depriv 23 Hrs Reinforcement Size 0 1 ml Schedule VI Mean Interval 40 sec Discriminarion Variable S and S Inte Mean Length 30 sec Target Behavior Bar Press Sess Duration 01 00 02 CyberRat User s Manual 45 Once you select a movie session you can manipulate the movie by using the player control panel There is the option to play pause forward rewind or close the movie m CyberRat 2 8 B One CyberRat User s Manual 46 Chapter 7 Graphing Experimental Results The CyberRat laboratory offers you a sophisticated graphing system to help you analyze and report your data Because you may graph your data long after you actually conduct your experiment or you may wish to compare one session or subject with another the graphics system offers you a wide range of options But having a wide range of options
37. ion video run time clock in the My Continuous Coding field above the categories CyberRat User s Manual 72 Analyzing and Coding Behavior f L i 00 00 03 06 You will immediately receive feedback as to the accuracy of your coding and timing Behavior Code is correct You are only 1 video frame late from agreement with the expert s time coding An automatic adjustment has been made to your time and all data entered is now correct As illustrated in this example if you are only one video frame it runs at 15 frames per second off of the expert s ending time recording of this behavior you will be told that this is close enough and that a corrected version of this time and frame will be recorded in the data CyberRat User s Manual 73 and set for you to continue If your coding was too late or early beyond this 1 frame tolerance you will be told Also you will be told whether you agree or not with the expert s coding category for this behavior If the category or the time is wrong you should click Cancel and try coding this segment again Not an exact match Frame Way too early Code Same as Expert s ESTER Anytime you wish to clear your coding record and begin again you may do so by clicking on the button to Clear My Coding A confirmation dialog will ask if this is really what you want
38. is laboratory section as well on our servers by registering a student ID university ID or SSN which is used for login and by which the instructor will know you We then make it possible for instructors to view student progress for all student s in their and ONLY their specific courses and or sections IMPORTANT Even if you are a single individual user not taking a course from an instructor at some school college or university you MUST register in our PRIVATE USE section to allow full use and data storage for your single copy of CyberRat CLICK HERE to register your Proof of Purchase serial number If you have any questions about this process please e mail us at info psych ai com The CLICK HERE at the bottom of this page starts the registration of your Activation Serial number whether it was e mailed or in the CD doesn t matter CyberRat User s Manual 13 Stage 1 First you Register your serial number type it in and click Send Information Artificially Intelligent Adaptive Instruction erRat CD Serial Number and Lab Section Registration Page 2 of 7 in the CyberRat CD Registration process The CyberRat CD serial number you need for this registration is printed inside the CyberRat CD Jewel Case cover Please enter this CD serial number into the field below gt 3FCRO00000000 Send Information Next you need to submit a STUDENT ID number your university ID that will also be used as a LOGI
39. ject You ve requested a new subject for your Colony Please indicate which ini i you wish this Naje me Rint have Water Magazine Trained Bar Press Shaped 1 Session Bar Press Trained CRF FI 90 s Bar Press Maintenance VI 90 s Bar Press Maintenance FR 15 Bar Press Maintenance VR 15 Bar Press Maintenance Tight Left Circling Trained Tight Right Circling Trained Cancel Selecting a specific history for your subject is followed by a dialog box indicating the selected history and instructing you to Please give a name to your new Partner Actually a default name is already provided for you However you do have the option of typing any new name for your experimental subject by typing over the selected default name After you are satisfied with your subject s name click on the OK button to register that name Add New Subject CAES p You ve requested a new subject for your Colony Please indicate which type of _ INS and IRS need this Info Please give a name to your new partner Naive no training Tight Left Circling Trained Tight Right Circling Trained Cancel CyberRat User s Manual 25 You need to click on the OK button to acknowledge that you have been reminded of this information Selecting one of Your Subjects for Experimentation When you move your mouse over the list of animal names each name will bring a submenu popup allowing you to Select for Session to Present Journal or t
40. ments 110 Bar Presses My Notes This was a test run Problem Report think Ive obtained stability on this 210 schedule so l m submitting it as a completed assignment Assignment Completed Movie Record 36762 Follower293_S06 thy 180 150 120 90 60 30 0 00 00 08 00 12 00 18 00 24 00 30 00 36 00 42 00 48 00 54 00 1 00 00 Minutes Seconds Time min Step wise Smooth Curve Any notes you made for yourself or comments to your instructor will also appear in the details field inserted into each graph at the upper left corner This field may be close at any time merely by holding down your Option key and clicking inside the data field CyberRat User s Manual 44 Chapter 6 Replaying Movie Sessions Go to the Navigational Menu and select the Replay Session to view a video replay of any experiment s you have conducted where you also saved the video script when the experimental session was complete This screen allows you to review any session for any subject recorded in your experimental Journal or the Sample Archives Select an experimental subject from the upper left menu labeled Select Session s Record as illustrated below Select Session s Record SIC OC Se Allergen361 Show Archive Records Gruffy174 Gorbi274 Able374 Max314 Cre ir Expor Import File Into Archive Selecting an animal by name brings you that an
41. nd an ID number that helps instructors know something about this individual animal s learning parameters It also presents an option for selecting the animal for your CyberRat User s Manual 27 current experimental session or for eliminating the subject from your personal colony Subject Anthracite231 Weight 300 Subject Anthracite231 Weight 300 grams No training experience Select for Session Eliminate Subject x Eliminating a Subject from Your Personal Colony If you would like to remove an animal subject from your personal colony for any reason for example to replace one subject with another animal move your mouse to the name of the subject you wish to work with and when the side popup menu appears select Eliminate Subject Add New Subject k Select for Session D Present Journal When you elect to eliminate a subject a warning message appears to make sure this was your intention CyberRat User s Manual 28 Confirm the contract Please confirm the elimination of your old pal and associate Anthracite231 All the Sessions Records will be deleted as well but not their archived copies if any Clicking on Confirm will bring a confirmation window notifying you of the complete elimination of your selected subject from your personal colony Goodbye DelRat No more Anthracite231 in your personal colony
42. nforcement You may reset it to any level up to 10 by dragging the sliding indicator up or down to the desired level Higher settings of course result in much faster satiation Reinforcement CyberRat User s Manual 35 Setting the Number of Hours of Water Deprivation As in all experiments using reinforcement you need to deprive your subject of any access to the reinforcer prior to experimentation In the case of CyberRat this means setting the number of hours that water has been inaccessible to your subject Different deprivation schedules will of course have quite different impacts on your experiment A frequently used deprivation schedule is 23 hours where the subject is used in an experimental session only once each day at the same time Typically the subject receives water both during and for a limited time period immediately following that singular session To invoke a current deprivation history for your subject merely slide the indicator to the desired number of hours without water access Deprivation Length Hours Setting Parameters for Stimulus Discrimination Training CyberRat is also capable of learning to discriminate whether a given light is on or off To establish the parameters for this begin by CyberRat User s Manual 36 checking the Stimulus Control check box at the center top of the Set Experimental Parameters screen This brings up a Parametric Settings
43. nments when you complete them A fully illustrated User Guide for CyberRat may be downloaded by using the last link on the following web page http www ai2inc com UserGuides userguides html You may download CyberRat itself at hitp www cyberrat net CRDownload html If you are using a Windows computer be sure to have Apple s free Quicktime Player V 7 x installed Otherwise the playback video screen will simply show as a black screen REGISTRATION How and What Do I Register As the activation note says go to www cyberrat biz NOTE the BIZ at the end There you will see the following CyberRat User s Manual 12 Artificially Intelligent Adaptive Instruction at CD Serial Number and Lab Section Registration What s Required This web site is where you must register the CyberRat CD ROM you have purchased Registration of your unique Proof of Purchase serial number found on the inside your CD Jewel Case cover is required to store CyberRat session data on our servers at AIR Inc Otherwise you have highly limited services from your copy of CyberRat Our services allow CyberRat users to store all data concerning animals experimental session histories playback video records and data for graphing any archived sessions Each student creates a unique laboratory record even if you have previously registered for your course to access CyberRat s Learning and Conditioning Tutorials you still must register for th
44. not only limited in what you can do with your animal subject but also certain default assumptions are made by the system to allow you to move directly to shaping your first rat subject to press a lever or bar Unlike the individual who registers with a valid student ID number you don t have to select a subject from the colony room don t have to deprive it of water or set any experimental parameters and may go directly to the Conduct Experiment room to place your already assigned and deprived subject into the operant conditioning chamber for shaping All of the limitations are given to you immediately after you register as a Visitor through the following message in the Title Screen CyberRat User s Manual 18 CyberRat 2 8 Visitor s Limitations You ve asked for the Visitor status which means only one rat magazine trained in your Personal Colony your experimental data will NOT be saved after the session during the session all other features are completely functional AN Inc Roger D Ray The message window titled Visitor s Limitations states that You ve asked for Visitor status which means only one rat magazine trained in your Personal Colony your experimental data will NOT be save after a session during the session all other features are completely functional Having registered as a Visitor you don t need to know about all the requirements for experimenters Thus
45. nt of water delivered for each reinforcement and the number of hours your subject has been deprived of water prior to the experiment For example if you selected a Fixed Ratio schedule of reinforcement the Ratio parameter bar would appear and the slider allows you to establish the number of bar presses required for delivering each reinforcement as illustrated below Reinforcement Schedule _ Fixed Ratio Responses BP per Reinforcement ip F F CyberRat User s Manual 34 Default Parameter Settings The equipment in this laboratory is always set to a commonly used default setting for all parameters These include 1 A Continuous Reinforcement CRF schedule set to deliver a drop of water automatically for each Bar Press This setting also allows the experimenter to deliver reinforcement manually as will be described in Chapter 5 on Conducting the Experiment 2 A 1 ml Magnitude of Reinforcement 3 A 23 hour deprivation schedule Setting the Magnitude of Each Reinforcement Water is the type of reinforcement used for experimentation in the CyberRat laboratory The amount of water delivered per reinforcement is measured in terms of percentage of the maximum water intake your subject will consume in the first ad libitum drinking bout following deprivation The normal setting for this magnitude of reinforcement parameter is between 5 and 1 5 This allows you approximately 30 to 60 minutes of continuous rei
46. o Eliminate Subject from your colony collection Select for Session Present Journal Eliminate Subject 3 l Moving your mouse over this popup menu will hilite each selection you touch with the cursor Moving your cursor to Select for Session Add New Subject i DE SE TEE eT gen TT ne ICNEN Maas a p em SS Presem Journal a Eliminate Subject CyberRat User s Manual 26 will activate a subject for experimentation as subsequently indicated in a field that appears below the graphics of the animal cage It will also give you a reminder that you must go to the Set Experimental Parameters screen to arrange conditions for your experiment SS The experimental subject selected The Gorbi2 4 subject has been selected for the experiment don t forget to relset the Experimental Parameters Clicking on the Set Parameters default button or pressing return enter will automatically take you to that screen Your Personal Experimental Journal If you move your cursor over the Present Journal option a complete Experimental Journal of that animal will appear Add New Subject ee per Se ee Meda De any pme TT ms DT J EN sacite23l Select for Session fe This journal contains the complete session by session history of the subject s experimental treatments and gives individual subject details such as initial training history weight a
47. omparison merely by selecting the Add Graph to Set option of the Graphing menu as illustrated below Graph the Session Erase the Graph Print the Graph Save the Graph Add Graph to Set Get Cut Mark Cut and Compose Cancel Cutting Hide Grid Hide Session s Info Save Graph Format as Default Save Y Scale as Default Save X Scale as Default You may then reselect a new session for graphing and add it to this developing set of comparative graphs as well As many as six graphs may be grouped as a set When you are ready to compare plots of all members of your set use the Graph the Set menu to select Graph Set as illustrated CyberRat User s Manual 50 Print the Set Save the Set Show Set List Hide Grid As suggested by the other show alternatives you may erase this graph print it or save the set An illustration of 3 graphs as a set Sessions 10 11 and 12 of animal Gruffy experiencing extinction due to Ratio Strain is given below Note the numbering and alternative colors for each session o CyberRat 2 8 B I Traditi O Composition M Compact One Line SetDataSource TargetAct Graphing GraphSet Help Y Number of Bar Press 956 834 112 1 Gruffy174_S10 BP TE 2 Gruffy174_511 BP 3 Gruffy174_512 BP 864 768 672 576 480 384 288 192 L ep 0 00 00 12 00 24 00 36 00 48 00 1 00 00 1 12 00 1 24 00 1 36 00 1 48 00 2 00
48. onent you will see the Discrimination Stimulus S along with the Bar Activation status light on the right of the experimental window Which light is on will tell you the current status of experimental conditions for the animal as illustrated below CyberRat User s Manual 42 CyberRat 2 8 z If you have set your Discrimination schedule to Manual clicking on the lights will alter their status Graphing Your Session s Results As soon as your experimental session ends and you have responded to the questions about saving your session movie script and notes you will see a small graphic icon appear in the lower right section where the run time clock was during the session as illustrated at the left This icon offers a short cut Clicking on this icon button brings you immediately to the Graphing Results screen and automatically displays graphically the results of the session you just completed see Chapter 7 as illustrated below CyberRat User s Manual 43 o CyberRat 2 1 B Tr O Composition C1 Compact One Line Set Data Source Target Act Graphing Graph Set Journal Y Number of Bar Press 110 110 Reinforcements 300 Session 06 1 18 03 Depriv 23 Hrs Reinforcement Size 0 1 ml 270 Schedule CRF Target Behavior Bar Press Sess Duration 00 19 48 FAST RUN 240 110 Reinforce
49. ory of choice or collectively 1 e doing real time continuous codings to sharpen their discriminations of behavioral topology For those not yet familiar with the descriptive research methods underlying the use of multi behavioral coding and the sequential analysis techniques afforded by continuous recording of such multiple behaviors we highly recommend Bakeman and Gottman s 1997 primer on the methodology For a discussion of further research implications we also recommend Ray and Delprato s 1989 article on various strategies and tactics implicit in this approach To enter this section of CyberRat use the Navigation button to select the Multi Beh Analysis and Coding option as illustrated below CyberRat User s Manual 55 CyberRat 2 8 B JHELP Welcome Page 4 Colony Room Set Experimental Parameters Conduct Experiment Rattus bern Replay Session Graph and Analyze Instructor s Messages Multi Beh Analysis and Coding QUIT EXIT AD Inc Roger D Ray If you have recently conducted an experimental session with a selected animal or if you have recently graphed that session or any session from a journal selection then when you select to go to the Multi Beh Analysis and Coding section that animal and session will automatically be pre selected by default In this case the first thing you will experience is the translation p
50. ow to adjusting the tolerance to 1 frame of video difference in coding is illustrated below 4 2 u n DES ED CES CE Em CE CE LE EE ET CyberRat User s Manual 77 Notice the impact of this adjustment on the confusion matrix and correspondingly on Coher s Kappa illustrated after the 1 frame adjustment for timing tolerances Xi Tearc orme DIPR exei GRWN move oeum REAR RUBF SORT STRT BARC BITE CL O ee ee ee ee ee ee ae a ts D Coy CO OS ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee CS Ce jo 0 0 0 Observed Agreement 1 Agreement expected by Chance 0 2781 Cohen s Kappa 1 Z Score 1 7262 Evaluated by 12 Codelines out of 1226 13 coded Segments to compare Cohen s Kappa is now 1 0 or a perfect agreement between the expert and the student coder To return to the coding screen from the inter observer agreement screen is accomplished by clicking on the X close box at the upper left of the matrix as illustrated below UNE BITE DIPR Total o jo i CyberRat User s Manual 78 Chapter 9 Quitting Exiting If you are in the Multi Beh Analysis and Coding environment of CyberRat you must return to the main CyberRat environment to exit quit the program To return to CyberRat use the Navigational Menu at the upper right of all screens and select CyberRat Laboratory as illustrated below HELP Multi Behavior Analysis Behavioral Coding Examples Behavior
51. panel as illustrated below M Stimulus Control Reinforcement Schedule Set E Stimulus Control Parameters O Manual Control Over S and S Intervals O Regular S and S Intervals Duration of S Interval sec Duration of S Interval sec M Irregular Variable S and S Intervals Mean Duration of S and S Intervals sec 50 Accept Stimulus Control Parameters Cancel 1 an i You may select to manually control the light conditions by clicking on the light itself during your experiment useful if you wish to use some unique procedure or you may select to have automated control of light presentations There are two alternatives for automated control The first is the use of a Fixed or regular schedule with the S set for some specific duration that doesn t fluctuate and the S set for another same or different duration that also doesn t fluctuate Alternatively you may wish to have a variable S S schedule with some average duration which you may set but which randomly varies in real durations around that average Setting other Parameters for Conducting Your Experiment With some schedule selections you will be allowed to decide whether you also wish to be able to manually deliver reinforcement and whether an animal s bar pressing will also deliver reinforcement This can be used during shaping for example Or you can turn off the bar and deliver only via manual reinforcement if you wish to train b
52. raphs Which brings you a conditional probability table commonly used for sequential behavioral summaries as illustrated in the close up below Prersuc BARC BITE DIPR ExPL GRMN move oBum REAR RUBF ScRT STRT peace E CE fogs tt 0 03 BITE S RSH Seca Bee Peon A EE ee bocce Gee ied utes coe oreo ee 0 05 GRMN i eee te eae ora MBS sheen nm ee nee In this form of table the row totals show the relative unconditional probability of each behavior category This means the sum of all rows is 1 0 for the grand total of all probabilities Within each cell is the conditional probability whereby one can say that Given the occurrence of behavior X there is a Y probability that the subject will next engage in Z behavior The Given the occurrence of behavior X portion of this statement defines the pre conditions for the probability of behavior Z occurring which is thus referred to as the conditional probability of Z CyberRat User s Manual 60 The table above for example shows that 41 of all behavioral occurrences in this session were Explore behaviors and that given the precondition that the animal was exploring it would next engage in Moving from one location to another in 69 of all behavioral changes and would engage in Rearing upright in another 21 of behavioral changes from Explore Bar Contacts account for only 3 of all behaviors during the session so one ma
53. red to register for their course and subsequent use by supplying a student ID number for login and assignment reporting purposes This login ID assures that an instructor will know each student by their appropriate student number for tracking student progress and assignment of grades An incorrect ID likely will result in your instructor failing to know who you are Registering for the wrong course or section will almost guarantee no assignments will be reported correctly It is thus very important that each student register for the correct school instructor and section using your own student ID Visitor Only Services If you attempt to launch CyberRat without prior required registration via the world wide web or you launch without being connected to the internet you will find only Visitor services available These services are restricted to having access to only one animal that has already been water magazine trained and will only be CyberRat User s Manual 6 available for one session of training each time the program is launched No experimental logs animal history or assignment reporting services are available and no alternative animal subjects may be selected A Walk Through of the Entire Process DOWNLOAD Let s walk through the Download process 1 Begin at http www ai2inc com where on the left margin is a list of links to various web pages we have several alternative products and most have their own home
54. rogress bar showing you how much time is likely to remain for completing the process of translating from CyberRat s internal video clip play script to the multiple behavioral category system used by the expert who coded all of the video clips possibly used for CyberRat video play CyberRat User s Manual 56 Because every session is a unique sequence of these various video clips a continuous record of how those clips translate into the coding scheme for this session is required If you do not experience this progress message immediately when you first enter the Multi Beh Analysis and Coding environment it is likely that you have not previously selected an experimental animal and session Alternatively of course you may have experienced the translation of your session only to decide that you would prefer to code or view a multiple behavioral analysis perspective on quite a different session than the defaulted session In any of these cases use the menu at the upper left to select any of your animals journals then select from the journal listing the session you would like to analyze and or code as illustrated below CodingTarget272 s Journal Target Behavior Magazine Training Sess Duration 00 03 55 Movie Record None Fully Magazine Trained Session 03 3 23 03 Depriv 23 Hrs Reinforcement Size 0 1 ml Schedule Extinction Target Behavior Magazine Training Sess Duration 00 59 24 FAST R
55. ssion as Assignment Completed move this dialog box around to see the description clearly Saving some commentary notes may be useful for future clarification of procedures or special characteristics of the session or you may want to communicate some problem reflection or statement to your instructor The notepad that appears when you click Yes will give two separate CyberRat User s Manual 41 fields for just this type of personal note and communication to your instructor It also allows you to mark this session as a completed assignment session to flag it for your instructor who will be able to review it via the Instructor s CyberRat Course Management software Conduct Ex Comments on the Session Session 06 1 18 03 Depriv 23 Hrs Reinforcement Size 0 1 ml Schedule CRF Target Behavior Bar Press Sess Duration 00 19 48 FAST RUN 110 Reinforcements 110 Bar Presses This was a test run think I ve obtained stability on this schedule so I m submitting it as a completed assignment Register as Shown Cancel Register without Comments EES Other Features If you have established a schedule of reinforcement that is fixed or variable but always intermittent i e not CRF you will see appropriate status counters at the far left of the experimental window to show your progress Likewise if you have set your experimental parameters to include a stimulus discrimination comp
56. t Show Frequency Table Show Probability Table Show Time Distribution Table Show Frequency Graph Show Probability Graph Show Total Times Graph Show Mean Durations Graph Cumulative Graphs Selecting the Show Frequency Table brings up a conditional frequency table summarizing all behavioral changes during the selected session as illustrated in the close up below CyberRat User s Manual 58 sarc FRERE DPR 5 LS EON ARES CES 183 me Such a table gives the total frequency for each type of behavior in the row totals column the total number of behavioral occurrences in the lower most cell on the right Total Beh Acts Registered and the conditional frequencies for each category changing into a succeeding type or category of behavior Relative Frequency or Probability Tables However absolute frequency distributions share the weakness common to all simple frequency distributions in that they are not easily compared across different durations of sessions Itis thus more instructive to view these numbers in relative or probabilistic terms This option is offered via the Show Probability Table selection CyberRat User s Manual 59 Load Session Record of gt Load for Analysis Show Frequency Table Show Probability Table n Show Time Distribution Table Show Frequency Graph Show Probability Graph Show Total Times Graph Show Mean Durations Graph Cumulative G
57. t never occurred it won t be available And if it occurred only once or twice you won t be able to see many variations of it In this case you may want to review several sessions But if your selection did occur in your current session a video replay of the first example will appear along with a very CyberRat User s Manual 67 precise operational definition of that particular category code as illustrated in the next graphic Analyzing and Coding Behavior E EXPL Exploring with head sniffing attending etc EXPL is all behaviors that dont fit the definitions of any othe behavior At least one paw is in contact with a horizontal surface floor or dipper receptacle Animal may sniff between bars move its head around stretch across the chamber without moving either hind paw or just sit To review the selected segment again click on the Play Again button just below the behavioral category label To view the next available example of the same category across the session click on the Show next X where X will be the selected category being illustrated button at the bottom of the categories listing CyberRat User s Manual 68 All categories should be previewed sufficiently to have a clear understanding of the operational definition shown Pay especially close attention to the special notes and exceptions listed for each category and attempt to memorize these
58. tions might you hypothesize were used for this session What animal history Ans Habituation session using a na ve animal Using Bar Graphs instead of Tables Bar graphs the same data described in several of the tables above have bar graph counterparts available in the same pull down menu that offers the table selections Specifically absolute frequencies relative frequencies probabilities unconditional total time per behavior and mean duration for each behavior is available Just to illustrate one of these we ll consider the Show Probability Graph selection CyberRat User s Manual 62 Load Session Recordof gt Load for Analysis Show Frequency Table Show Probability Table Show Time Distribution Table Show Frequency Graph Show Probability Graph Show Total Times Graph Show Mean Durations Graph Cumulative Graphs This selection brings a bar graph showing the same data illustrated in the Probability Table Probability of Behaviors in session CodingTarget272_ 503 0 001 o 406 0 011 0 344 O 149 0 008 0 002 0 001 T oo 0 BARC BITE DIPR EXPL GRMN MOVE OBJM REAR RUBF SCRT STRT Viewing a Single Category as a Cumulative Record Bar graphs are informative for relative comparisons but they don t show how any given behavior is distributed across the elapsed time of the session For this we need to
59. to Download NOTE This becomes a full service application if you register a serial activation number For a free lower resolution limited features evaluation copy of CyberRat 45 MB for Macintosh OS X Click Here to Download NOTE This becomes a full service application if you register a serial activation number NOTE If you have a high speed line and sufficient time to wait for a 605 MB download you may download the higher resolution CyberRat video source movie that ships on our CDs After downloading this CyRat mov file place it into the RatMedia folder that is inside your CyberRat folder Your CyberRat application will automatically begin using it by default Download the 605 MB higher resolution CyRat mov by right clicking Mac users use Cntrl Click on the following CyRat file link and choosing to save the file to your desktop CyRat mov REMINDER you may purchase CyberRatin order to receive a serial number by e mail that activates full user services required for students taking courses assigning CyberRat experiments of our limited features There are really four main sections on this page First is for INSTRUCTORS ignore it Second is IMPORTANT FOR STUDENTS telling you that after downloading you need to purchase and eventually register your purchase more on this ina moment Importantly there are duplicates of links in this notice that will take you to the CyberRat Purchase page if you will simply click on one
60. ucting much of your experimental session off line useful if you are using a phone modem connection to the internet but you must disconnect manually and MUST reconnect prior to log out to save your session data or with a continuous on line connection as illustrated below Your Connection Mode You prefer to stay Online so all the information a will be exchanged with the database instantly Once you have confirmed your preferences you will receive instructions that you are ready to go to the colony room to select an animal for experimentation CyberRat User s Manual 20 Good to see you Hello Roger Ray You may proceed to the Colony Room and select some rat for the experiment Not Just Yet Clicking the OK button or pressing return enter may subsequently bring up a field displaying any and all messages waiting for you from your instructor concerning assignments or dates broadcast to the entire class personal communication sent only to you as an individual or perhaps even messages from our company AI Inc about upgrades or other news of interest CyberRat 2 1 your Instructor If you have already upgraded your main CyberRat application please ignore this message If you haven t please go to http www cyberrat net upgrades html and download the new application Please follow posted instructions on how to replace the old application with the new
61. wel case On line purchasers are mailed the CyberRat CD via U S mail and you should allow 3 5 days for delivery Step 2 Register your Proof of Purchase number student ID the correct school instructor course and section at www cyberrat biz Step 3 For maximal playback results move the entire CyberRat folder from the CD if you purchased a CD to your computer s Hard Drive Step 4 Establish an internet connection then launch CyberRat and Login with your Student ID number not the Proof of Purchase number CyberRat User s Manual 4 Details Purchase Requirements You may purchase CyberRat at your college or university bookstore but it will typically cost more there A less expensive purchase may be made by credit card or check via on line purchasing direct from AI Inc If you intend to purchase CyberRat via our convenient and safe PayPal buttons rather than your institution s bookstore you must purchase and receive your CyberRat Proof of Purchase number prior to on line course registration To purchase on line you should go to http www ai2inc com POL CRPOL html where you may pay through PayPal you do NOT have to be a registered PayPal account holder and download your CyberRat copy from http www cyberrat net CRDownload html On line purchase and download links are also accessible from our company web site at www psych ai com by following the CyberRat Purchase links and Download links from that home page
62. y hypothesize that this animal was not a trained animal Time Data Tables One of the distinct advantages of continuous behavioral coding is the opportunity to analyze temporal parameters of behavioral events Thus one may ask questions about the typical duration of a single type of categorical event average duration or the total time spent in such categories across the session total time either in absolute or relative terms To access such a temporal summary use the Show Time Distribution Table option as illustrated below Load Session Record of gt Show Frequency Table Show Probability Table Show Time Distribution Table Show Frequency Graph Show Probability Graph Show Total Times Graph Show Mean Durations Graph Cumulative Graphs This brings you a table illustrated below in this close up of the relevant portion of the entire screen CyberRat User s Manual 61 DE G o Oded co ee oa CES Rises SETA an T PEXPL 514209 2140503 060 an a o ee ee REAR _ 3 903 714 267 0 202 RU e o o ooe SCRT 1067 2138 0 00 1 2 1 067 SES RE RS ER In this case we can see that Grooming is the longest duration behavior lasting on average 4 3 seconds per bout But nearly 61 of this session was spent in exploring the chamber 607 and 13 of the session was spent moving from place to place Another 20 of the time was spent rearing with both forepaws off the floor What type of experimental condi
63. y those related to successful shaping specifically So the CyberRat environment has a shaping process built in for shaping behavioral discrimination skills As with any successive approximation process it is best to start with the simplest form of behavior and progress systematically to the most difficult or target behavior CyberRat s Multi Beh Analysis and Coding environment offers just such a sequence for teaching coding skills Begin with the Behavioral Coding Examples selection B Fea Multi Behavior Analysis Behavioral Coding Examples Behavioral Coding Training Behavioral Coding Practice Cumulative Graphs CyberRat Laboratory CyberRat User s Manual 66 Whereupon you will experience a choice panel Beginners will want to start with the Play Code Illustrations option Session Record Loaded i You may use the loaded Session Record either as narrated record or as a source is of Code Illustrations some Behaviors might be presented poorly or not at all Play Code Illustrations Play Narrated Record At first the screen will appear to be mostly blank with only a list of behavioral categories showing at the center right Analyzing and Coding Behavior 8 Try clicking on one of these categories to see a video illustration of that category as it occurred within your selected session Of course if i

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