About manuals
Contents
1. lt NOT REACH INTO WATER In the U S companies are very afraid that their products will harm someone Because it can cause that they have to pay significant amounts of money to the harmed persons A common way to avoid liability is to warn against all sorts of strange ways that customers could injure themselves See for example this label who sat glued to the cord to a hair dryer In Europe fortunatelly we don t yet have have that system Which means that we can avoid a lot of the very dafter warnings and instead only highlight relevant risks Note that when a hair dryer falls into water it is likely that the electrical circuit short circuit before any fatal damage has been done Machinery Directive and Low Voltage requirements are essentially good as long as they do not lead to an inflation of unnecessary safety regulations which in turn leads to reduced respect for even the essential requirements Or if despite all the rules there are serious risks that the manufacturer has not warned for 20 Assembly instructions Assembly instructions are preferably written as step by step instructions Moreover it is easy to write such instructions because the author just needs to document what an experienced installer do from when he takes the item out of its packaging All key elements of the step by step instructions should be described Unfortunately it is quite common that the instructions lack descriptions of key element2. Anyone reading this probably knows how to do so for you a description about how to do it would probably be completely unnecessary But even those who have never seen such a thing would surely soon try pressing the button on the far left Even if the person had no idea what he would use the ink covered ball to he or she would soon become aware of it Another push on the button would clarify the whole function However there are many examples of objects that are so complicated that they require manuals What s worse 18 that there are objects that should be simple but the manufacturer has chosen to make them complicated as the microwave oven below To make the relatively common maneuver to change the heating time while the heating is in progress the operator needs to know and do the following 16 3 Press the Start Reset 2 Set a new button again timethrough a number of times press some of the buttons labeled 10 Min 1 Min or 10 Sec 1 Press the Start Reset button Compared to 1 Turn the combined starting and timing knob clockwise or counterclockwise depending on whether you want to increase or decrease the heat treatment time 17 General viewpoint concerning the design of manuals Clarify the client s objectives with the manual and plan it accordingly see the chapter about user instructions Distinguish between shall and ought to requirements I e keep apart wha
3. klimman till batteriets negativa pol och den r da till batteriets positiva pol 4 Panelen har en uteffekt pa 6 VV 17 5 V vilket ar lampligt for uppladdningsbara 12 V batterier gt What is the south north direction do they mean facing south The important instructions about the panel s angle versus the vertical are very cryptic They would ideally be accompanied by a figure and since the instruction 1s directed specifically to us in Sweden they could well have written what angle that 1s appropriate instead referring to something that is far from all aware All information is lacking about what to do if the about one meter long connecting cable is not sufficient for the distance between the panel and the battery In particular the important information that it must be a fuse on the cable near the battery In other cases the cable may start to burn in the event of a short circuit Furthermore it is not mentioned the battery terminals in a permanent assembly should be replaced by cable shoes for car batteries Among other things in order to make losses in the transmission as small as possible This information does not belong in this part of the instructions The panel on the picture seems to have a very strange position relative to the sun the confusion would have been less if they had not depicted the sun in the picture It looks like the panel is to be mounted in the air why didn t they add a
4. p sens inneh ll i 1 5 di kallt vatten och 1 di kall mj lk 2 Koka upp under omr ming och l t sjuda I 1 2 minuter 1 5 dl KVALITETSGARANTI Denna produkt ar noggrant ut vald och testad i provk k Skulle du nd inte bli n jd ger vi dig dubbla pengarna tillbaka Skriv till oss och ber tta vilken produkt du r missn jd med varf r samt bast fore datum Gl m inte att skriva din egen adress Konsumentkontakt konsument axtood se Tel nr 0771 87 67 70 kostar som ett lokaisamtal Produceras i Tyskland f r Axfood Sverige 171 78 Solna I dl TILLAGNING 1 R r ner p sens inneh ll i 1 5 dl kallt vatten och 1 dl kall mj lk 2 Koka upp under omr rning och l t sjuda i 1 2 minuter Symbol based instructions The probably most common instructions are the washing instructions The laundry pictograms describes that are available on most clothes These instructions are extremely brief which washing and drying methods and almost entirely based on symbols Which to some extent are quite that are recommended And if the cryptic But because they are so well established and standardized we a and or ironed and what still understand how each item should be handled femiperat r the on tat eace should have Water wash v ba Ba Chlorine bleaching 100 COTTON BAUMWOLLE BOMULL PUUVILLAA wt A ARE NK Chemical wash The biggest advantage for garment manufac
5. 6 2006 L 157 48 Official Journal of the European Union EN r the description of the that should be carried out by the user and the measures that should be observed s instructions designed to enable Gdjustment and maintenance to be Carried out safely including the protective measures that should be taken during these operations t the specifications of the pare parts to be used when these affect the health and safety of operators In addition to the above points there is point u that is about data about the noise level It conclusion that either the device does not produce noise which the author indicates through writing that the noise level does not exceed 70 dB A on the distances from the machine where people normally are Or he she has to write down data from actual measurements of the noise levels at these distances The last point v 1s about objects that emit ionizing radiation and it s therefore rarely relevant To meet the requirements of many of the items such as e h and 1 t it requires the author beyond necessary knowledge about the machine also has a risk analysis as a basis for the writing For products that fall under the Low Voltage Directive the manufacturer must ensure that they are safe from primarily an electrical perspective By ensuring that the design is good and that the product is not misused and that it is managed properly See the following excerpt from the Directive which has the in t
6. About manuals 105826 Gunnar Bjoring Boksidan About manual Gunnar Bj ring Index What are manuals and why do al RB d n 3 Various Torms Ol Manuale m EY e EY e 6 Not even good instructionshelpsanuser unfriendiyproduct 1 General viewpointconcemingthedesignofmanuals eee esi rr rr rr rn rr rna 18 541 ENS 8 a sin 19 SAT UY TIS El OTIS s s m nm 19 5 cl TU On n s m n us e DEL TMS CUI CONS sist pce s 24 Maintenance reparation destruc oninstructlons een 31 Translated from Swedish to Swedish English by Google translator and Gunnar Bj ring Copyright Boksidan 2014 Box 558 146 33 Tullinge About manual ISBN 978 91 88109 05 7 Please feel free to copy this book but then first pay the equivalent to 5 SEK to boksidan com through Pay Pal To administrate the payment go to www boksidan com and click on the Add to chart icon under the picture of this book What are manuals and why do they exist Manual installation safety operation handling reparation destruction instructions These various chapters that manuals usually consist of can also have other names such as installation instructions maintenance manual or the like In addition each chapter is often divided into further sub chapter The first chapt
7. Secure the rest of the cable length required to reach the battery 8 Assemble the fuse holder on the wire 9 Fit the pole piece after the fuse holder 10 Fit pole piece on the negative wire 11 Connect the pole pieces 12 Insert the hanger fuse gt The location should be such that The active surface is directed to the south The panel is shaded as short part of the day as possible The panel if possible is inclined about 30 45 upwards against the sun The panel is reasonably protected from falling objects such as fruits pine cones and branches The panel can be easily assembled and disassembled The cable from the panel to the battery can be mounted in a good way 23 Operation instructions The design and scope of the operating instructions varies greatly depending on the object of the instructions mainly due to The newer or more alien a technology is the greater 1s the need for detailed instructions see the example on the next page on how to make a phone call and the sub chapter about beginner instructions The reader s purpose with the reading probably vary more than they do regarding other parts of the manuals It may therefore be wise to investigate what is likely to be the most common purpose and then customize the instructions accordingly The manufacturer purpose with the instructions also vary more than they do on other parts of the manuals It may therefore be wise to inve
8. TIGHET Hall solpanelens yta ren f r att erhalla maximal effekt Anv nd en mjuk trasa f r att reng ra panelen Hantera panelens glasyta med f rsiktighet Undvik kontakt med sura eller alkaliska mnen Monteringshal EE p 2 n Varna om milj n Far ej sl ngas bland hushalissopor Denna produkt inneh ller elektriska eller elektroniska komponenter som skall tervinnas L mna in produkten f r tervinning p anvisad plats t ex kommunens tervinningsstation Med reservation f r konstruktions ndringar och tryckfel som vi ej kan r da ver Vid eventuella problem kontakta v r serviceavdelning m ndag till fredag p telefon The description is quite detailed on some points such as that about which of the clips that shall be mounted where on the battery But several very important elements are missing they are underlined in the comments Trycksaksnummer 999 701 on the next page 21 HANDHAVANDE 1 n e Rikta panelens svarta framsida mot solen och placera solpanelen s att den inte hamnar i skugga under 2 Sa dagen Den basta positionen ar med langsidan placerad i sydlig nordlig riktning m Justera solpanelen till en l mplig vinkel Den optimala vinkeln r densamma som din lokala latitud dar du bor 3 Anslut batteriklammorna till batteriet Var noga med att ansluta den svarta kabeln
9. a bike Bend your knees keep the entire weight on the downhill ski and switch point of gravity after each turn How this should be done however varies considerably depending on the nature of the snow the steepness of the slope and its flatness making it much more difficult to master downhill skiing than cycling It should always be the same events that happen as a result of the same grip regardless of what is happening at the moment The object on the left is a pager If someone calls it the signals and the telephone number are displayed on the display In addition to the phone number the time when the search reached the pager is indicated The pager s functions are operated by a single button To change various settings such as selecting alarm tone or set the time it 1s required that the user to presses the button in different sequences for different lengths of time The sequences are so complicated that whoever lost the manual will have a lot of difficult to ever for example change to daylight saving time 15 The less the user needs instructions the better This is partly because many probably never even open the manuals that come with some of the products they buy Moreover probably even the most avid reader s pretty soon forgets most of the instructions Fortunately many objects are so simple that we can use them anyway Take for example this ball pen To be able to use it as intended one need to get the ball out
10. afterwards compared to edit sketches Some important advantages of animated instructions compared to text based ditto is that it requires much less translation if the products are marketed in several countries and that in some cases it 1s easier to understand One advantage with sketches compared to photos is that the latter often contains a lot of information that is not relevant in the context which can confuse the viewer Photos on the other hand are often more attractive than drawings in for instance cookbooks Instructions for mounting handles No 105 826 on a wardrobe door Note If you do not understand these instructions do not hesitate to call IKEA Obtain an awl Obtain a screwdriver for srews with philips head Take the handle and the two screws Open the wardrobe door Place the handle so that the screw holes are on the backside of the door and the rest of the handle is sticking out on the front Pull the handle up and down along the edge of the door until you find a height that seems to be appropriate Press the handle firmly against the door at the height you desire Make a small hole in the middle of one of the holes on the handle using the awl Hold the handle so that the hole is visible through corresponding the hole of the handle 10 Insert one of the screws in the hole and tighten it 11 Repeat 8 10 for the second hole of the handle 00 N TILLAGNING 1 R r ner
11. age 21 3 Press Scan on the operator panel 4 Inthe Send scanned image to drop down menu select a program as vour scan destination 5 Customize your scan settings 6 Click Scan Now to complete your scan Scanning Photos 1 Turn on your computer and printer and make sure they are connected 2 Place the photo face down on the scanner glass and make sure the upper left corner of the front of the photo aligns with the arrow on the printer For more information see Placing Your Document on the Scanner Glass on page 21 3 Press Scan on the operator panel 4 Click Preview Now 5 Adjust the dotted lines to fit around the portion of the photo you want to scan 6 Inthe Send scanned image to drop down menu select the photo program you want to use K NOTE If the program you want to use is not listed select Search for more in the drop down menu On the next screen click Add to locate and add your program to the list 7 Change any settings 8 When vou finish customizing your image click Scan Now When your document has finished processing the selected program opens 28 In other manuals however it is relatively easy to find operating instruction that are based on step execution though usually even those jumps over a multitude of steps that probably are assumed to be obvious As the operating instructions for the marking unit below where the majority of the use is described in the sentence Enter a text to write a sim
12. avgivande av best llning avgittsbelagt lands eller rikssamtal kan korrespondent beg ra dess begr nsning till 1 eller 2 perioder och ligger det da telefonisten att vid be st md tid avbryta samtalet P g ende avgiftsfritt samtal avbrytes om rikssamtal beg rts till n gondera av de samtalande Likas kan avgiftsbelagt samtal A kortare ledning brytas f r l ngv ga samtal Meddelar telefonist att p g ende samtal m ste brytas l gg da genast ned mikrotelefonen Vid samtal fran allm n samtalsapparat utgar f r s v l eljest avgiftsfria som avgiftsbelagda samtal en extra avgift av 20 re per samtal apparatavgift nskar abonnent att under tid da den egna stationen halles st ngd hava f rbindelse med abonnent vid annan st ngd station dit samtalen ro avgiftsfria eller med n rmaste station som h lles ppen kan detta efter h nv ndelse till f re standaren f r vederb rande centralstation medgivas t den m n ledning finnes disponibel f r ndam let F r s dan extra f rbindning erligges f r dygn eller del d rav forbindningsavgift med 50 re f r m nad 10 kronor Vid extra forbind ning till station inom annat taxeomr de utg r samtalsavgift enligt taxan f r den station avg ngsapparaten tillh r Best llning av rikssamtal kan vid inl ndsk korrespondens avse f ljande slag av samtal Vanligt samtal samtal utan f retr desr tt f r vilket utgar enkel periodavgift enligt rikssamtalstaxan Ilsamtal ex
13. bonnenten upprepa d svaret flera g nger innan Ni l gger ned mikrotelefonen Tala t tt intill mikrofonen avpassa r stens styrka efter ledningens l ngd H ll h rtelefonen fast tryckt intill rat under samtalet Ljudf rstarkning vid mottagande av samtal erh lles genom att nedtrycka den 4 apparaten anbragta tryckknappen Denna knapp m ste vara uppe d man talar fr n apparaten Beg r numret icke namnet nskad abonnent F r samtal inom och till de stationer vid vilkas namn i stationsf rteckningen mummeranrop finnes angivet beg res alltid numret med undantag f r s dan abonnent som enligt abonnentf r teckningen har namnanrop Understruket telefonnummer angiver att abonnenten har flera ledningar och s dan anordning att ledig ledning automatiskt utv ljes d detta understrukna nummer begires Uppgiv vid telefonistens fr ga varifran den egna apparatens nummer Uttala telefonnumret siffra f r siffra s ledes t exotv fyra ett noll ist l let f r tv tusenfyrahundratio eller tjugofyra tio Femsiffriga nummer uttalas dock l mpligast i tv grupper med tv siffror i sista gruppen t ex 128 30 etthundratjugo tta trettio H r efter att telefonisten upprepar numret riktigt och ratta om s beh ves All uppringning av huvudapparat sker av stationen Anknuten apparat upp ringes fr n huvudapparaten icke av stationen F lj de anvisningar som under samtalsutv xlingen givas a
14. ecessary for the use l ditfahancal nd repainof likely to be occupied by operators g a description of the of the machinery h warnings concerning ways in which the machinery MUS ROL be used that experience has shown might occur i Gssembiy installation and Connection mstructions including drawings diagrams and the means of attachment and the designation of the chassis or installation on which the machinery is to be mounted relating to installation and assembly for e the drawings diagrams for the putting inle Service and use of the machinery and if necessary instructions for the of operators 1 that remain despite the inherent safe design measures safeguarding and complementary protective measures adopted m instructions on the Protective measures to be taken by the user including where appropriate the personal protective equipment to be provided n the essential characteristics of to the machinery 0 the conditions in which the machinery meets the during use transportation assembly dismantling when out of service testing or foreseeable breakdowns p instructions with a view to ensuring that operations can be made safely giving the where these are regularly to be transported separately q the Operating method to be followed in Meem of Gecident or breakdown if a blockage is likely to occur the operating method to be followed so as to enable the equipment to be safely unblocked 9
15. er for example could be divided into assembly installation and connection instructions The size ratio between the different chapters varies depending on the nature of the object of the manual For example a construction detail may primarily be accompanied by installation instructions while a computer program mostly requires user instructions and a disposable battery mostly need disposal instructions There are various reasons why a particular product should or must be accompanied by instructions 1 For users to use the products correctly so that they for instance doesn t break 2 In order to better sell the product among potential customers 3 For that there are regulations that require them to be accompanied by instructions Notably with regard to products falling under the scope of the Machine directive and or Low voltage directive The Machine Directive DIRECTIVE 2006 42 EC applies to machines in which there is some kind of movement that is not driven by hand and their accessories as well as various lifting equipment and safety components But there are exceptions The most common exceptions are Motor vehicles Household appliances intended for domestic use AV equipment Information technology equipment Ordinary business machines Switching equipment low voltage Electrical motors Such devices are instead mainly regulated by the low voltage directive The Low Voltage Direc
16. following principles in the following order Risks to the extent possible eliminated or reduced inherently safe design and construction Necessary precautions should be taken such risks can not be eliminated due to any shortcomings of the protection measures adopted indicat c When designing and constructing machinery and when drafting the instructions the manufacturer or his representative not only the intended use of the machinery but also any reasonably foreseeable misuse The machine must be designed and constructed so as to prevent abnormal use if such use would engender a risk d A machine shall be designed and constructed to take account of the constraints to which the operator is subject as a result of the necessary or foreseeable use of personal protective equipment e Machinery must be supplied with all the special equipment and all the accessories essential to enable the setup maintenance and use in a safe manner 19 Risks with safety instructions KEEP AWAY FROM WATER NANRER AS WITH MOST ELECFA CAL APPLIANCES ELECTRICAL PARTS IN THIS DRYER ARE ELECTRICALLY LIVE EVEN WHEN SWITCH IS OFF TO REDUCE RISK OF DEATH BY ELECTRIC SHOCK oe 01 ALWAYS UNPLUG IT AFTER USE UND LUG 2 DO NOT PLACE OR STORE WHERE ORYER CAN FALL OR DO NOT REMOVE THIS TAG 3 DO NOT USE WHILE BATHING 4 DO NOT USE N N WARN CHILDREN OF THE RISK OF DEATH 5 IF ORYER N Mm WATER ieee eti DO H BY ELECTRIC SHOCK
17. his context ANNEX I The most important safety requirements for electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits First Terms and conditions a To ensure that electrical equipment is used safely and in b The brand name or trade mark should be clearly printed on the electrical equipment or where that is not possible on the packaging c The electrical equipment together with its component parts shall be made in such a way that it is guaranteed that it can be assembled and connected in a safe and proper manner d The electrical equipment is designed and manufactured to protect against the hazards set out in paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Annex is assured providing that the equipment used for the Various forms of manuals Manuals are mostly text based Though there are also manuals made in the form of drawings symbols instructional videos and pop up windows Instructional videos have many advantages but it probably requires that the object is complex and or expensive otherwise the user s wont waste time looking at them Also pop up windows have many benefits when they are applicable which is the case if the object is a devices with a display But neither instructional videos nor pop up windows will be further affected in this text Text or image based instructions An advantage for text based instructions is that they do not require any artist to make them Moreover it is easier for authors to edit the text
18. lockwise one gives the opposite This relationship also applies of for instance screws harder tightened and the volume controls on music equipment But it does not apply on water taps A complication regarding this principle is that what is clockwise and counterclockwise depends on how you stand in relation to that which is rotated As a rule we lock right hanged door by turning the key counter clockwise i e towards the door frame But there are exceptions such as the door lock above which can be operated from both the inside and the outside On the outside the door 1s instead locked by turning the key in the direction of the arrows Someone perhaps to reduce confusion has mounted an instruction there about how the lock is operated Which unfortunatelly increases the confusion since it is open to two equally reasonable interpretations Oppet opend Last locked If the lock is locked turn it counterclockwise to make it unlocked or Do you want the lock to be locked turn it counterclockwise 12 A symbol on a knob that appears to symbolize an increase shall also result in an increase when the knob is operated that way Temperature control on a shower faucet Reasonable interpretation Because the symbol gets more red the higher up in the picture you look Correct interpretation This way the symbol had been less ambiguous 13 Something that seems to be for a specific maneuve
19. ng is impossible Dantan maintaan annA Control panel to a smaller mobile crane If the operator misunderstand the instructions it may lead to serious mishaps How charging an electric toothbrush This text can be read in the manual among a host of less important instructions Even 1f the user reads the text and also adds the charging time and other facts about the charging in his memory it is likely that he forgets them long before the toothbrush is worn out Which among other things may result in the risk that he charges the toothbrush for too short time and thus never gets a full using This risk had easily been reduced if the manufacturer had added information about the charging time on the charger 30 Maintenance reparation destruction instructions The design of the maintenance instructions depends on the products An expensive product like a car should be accompanied with far more care instructions than a toy This for several reasons including that the importance of that the former is maintained in good condition 1s of major economic importance for the customers Many other common products accompanied by a manual require unlike cars very little care Thus the maintenance reparation destruction instructions can often be summarized in a few points that briefly deals with cleaning and disposal There is however a few things you should keep in mind during the writing of these Exaggerated demands may have the o
20. pedieras med f retr desr tt f re vanliga samtal och betinga dubbel periodavgift F r ilsamtal ledningar d r vanliga samtal ro avgiftsfria utg r en avgift av 20 re per period Blixtsamtal expedieras omedelbart Avgift 100 kr per samtal j mte ilsamtals avgift Seriesamtal abonnemangssamtal expedieras p regelbundna tider best mda da var F r seriesamtal utg r samma avgift som f r ilsamtal Presseriesamtal pressabonnemangssamtal expedieras a best mda tider mellan tidningar eller telegrambyr er och deras korrespondenter F r dessa samtal utg r samma avgift som f r vanliga samtal Morgonsamtal och kv llsamtal expedieras kl 7 9 resp 18 28 mot nedsatt avgift Se sid NAIT NAY Avgifterna for samtal ber knas per p b rjad period om 8 minuter Den f rsta perioden av ett samtal ber knas med nedanst ende undantag fran det gonblick da avgangsapparat satts i samtalsforbindelse med adressapparat vav sett vem som svarar Skall till viss apparat i f rv g framf ras underr ttelse om f restaende samtal eller viss person tillkallas f r samtal utgar h rf r s rskild f rutbest llningsavgift Erfordras f r tillkallande av personen s rskilt bud utgar ven buds ndningsavgift 26 77 F r periodber kningen anses personligt samtal i inl ndsk trafik pab ryat det gon blick d avgangsapparat satts i f rbindelse med beg rd person Avgifterna fo
21. ple label Skriva ut din forsta etikett Nu kan du skriva ut din forsta etikett For att skriva ut en etikett 1 Mata in text for att skapa en enkel etikett 2 Tryck pa FR 3 Tryck pd etikettsk raren for att klippa av den Grattis Du har just skrivit ut din f rsta etikett Las vidare for att lara dig mer om de olika m jligheterna som finns for att skapa etiketter The instructions of the above device are also an excellent example of the dangers of creating an original manual in a language then just translate it into other languages In this case it has the effect that it 1s not described anywhere how to obtain the in Swedish partially unique and frequently used letters A A and O 29 Kssential instructions should if possible be written on the products Since some users probably will forget the instructions and therefore handle the products incorrectly To avoid this essential and non abandoned handgrip should be described directly on the objects Below is an example of a product where this is the case the control devices to a mobile crane and where it is not the charger to an electric toothbrush UW A full charge takes 36 hours and will provide an operation time of approx 30 minutes However you will be able to use the plaque remover after an initial charge of 8 hours For everyday use the handle can be stored on the plugged in charging unit to maintain the plaque remover at full power Overchargi
22. pposite effect Often maintenance reparation destruction instructions implement pretty big demands on the users If they they perceive demands as excessive there is a risk 1s that the users choose to ignore even reasonable requirements See for example the following quotes from the manuals for a common electric toothbrush Where it is describes what the user should do with worn out samples Miljoinformation Denna apparat ar forsedd med ett nickel hydrid batteri som inte innehaller nagra skadliga tung metaller Ramaterial bor The text says that the raw materials in this device ought to be recycled and therefore it daremot atervinnas Kasta darfor shall be given to one of the inte den uttjanta apparaten manufacturers service work hushallssoporna Lamna istallet shops apparaten till erg Service verkstad Om du daremot vill g ra dig av med batteriet pa annat satt se kapitlet Att avl gsna batteriet 31 Requirements without description of the risks when not obeying is annoying It is quite common that there are requirements in the maintenace instructions that are not accomplished with an explanation about why Which makes it hard for the users to choose an in their opinion reasonable level of care The instructions for the toothbrush are also home for such examples for instance Rengoring Efter anv ndning sk lj borsthuvu det noggrant under rinnande vatten i n ara sekunder med The text says that af
23. r in the handling should not be for another maneuver Traffic signal control at crossing This is a device containing a lamp an audio signal and an activation button The idea is that it s a green light for vehicles as long as no one have pressed the button If someone press it the cars will have red light after a while and the pedestrians will have a green one while this device emits a beep On the top of the box there is a white circular field It is the activation button But it does not look like a button because it neither stand out or can be pushed in The lamp that lights when someone phas ressed the button however sticks out and it has an eye catching design Which at a first glance resembles a button For people to understand what to do the designer has added a symbol a hand that 1s pointing In addition he added a symbol that is hard to interpret depicting a standing man 14 The operation is in consequent The more something all the time can be performed in the same way the easier it is to master it Those who have learned to ride a bike under certain circumstances don t need take additional lessons to master the art under other circumstances The pedal movements can be performed in the same way all the time regardless of the circumstances for the moment Cycling is thus a fairly consistent thing to do Unlike for example downhill skiing The movements required are about as simple as them needed to ride
24. r samtal fran Stockholm till olika orter framg betr ffande inl ndsk trafik av taxetabellen sid d r ven stationernas signaturer aro angivna samt betr ffande utl ndsk trafik av tabellerna sid NNIV XXV Vidare upplysningar kunna erh llas fran vederb rande vaktf rest ndare riksav delningen telefon nr 10 08 89 f r rikssamtal inom Sverige tillhandah lles avgiftsfritt a Rikstelefon byr n Betr ffande telefonkorrespondensen med utlandet se anvisningar sid NAIV XAY 21 Beginner instruction is often preferably designed as step by step instructions Many who read the instructions just wart s to know how to get started without first being forced to read and interpret long passages of unimportant text But often it is very sparse with beginner instructions This 1s especially true for more complex devices such as this printer scanner In the nearly 90 page long manuals as far as I have seen there are only the following instructions on how to scan a document Moreover the instructions are difficult to find since they are not found in the Getting started section Scanning 1 Turn on your computer and printer and make sure they are connected 2 Place the document face down on the scanner glass and make sure the upper left corner of the front of the document aligns with the arrow on the printer For more information see Placing Your Document on the Scanner Glass on p
25. s that are crucial for the success which is the case in these instructions on how to mount a solar panel Bruksanvisning for 6 W solcellspanel Artikelnummer 604 103 Las noga igenom bruksanvisningen innan produkten anvands Denna solcellspanel omvandlar liusenergi fran solen till 12 volts likstr m DC som sedan kan verf ras till upp laddningsbara batterier via medf ljande kablar och batteriklammor Den tunnfilmsteknik som panelen anvander m lligg r for panelen att absorbera ett st rre spektrum av det naturliga liuset och den fungerar d rf r ven under molniga vinterf rh llanden Panelen kan ocks b ttre hantera h g som marvarme med mindre effektf rluster j mf rt med andra solpaneler Panelens dubbla glasstruktur kar dess h llbarhet och den t l hagel med en diameter p 25 mm som tr ffar pane len med en hastighet pa 23 meter per sekund HANDHAVANDE Rikta panelens svarta framsida mot solen och placera solpanelen s att den inte hamnar i skugga under dagen Den basta positionen ar med l ngsidan placerad i sydlig nordlig riktning Justera solpanelen till en l mplig vinkel Den optimala vinkeln r densamma som din lokala latitud dar du bor Anslut batteriklammorna till batteriet Var noga med att ansluta den svarta kabeln kl mman till batteriets negativa pol och den r da till batteriets positiva pol Panelen har en uteffekt pa 6 W 17 5 V vilket ar l mpligt f r uppladdningsbara 12 V batterier FORSIK
26. stigate this too and act accordingly The purpose for some readers may for example regarding instructions on advanced fishing paraphernalia be to be entertained through reading about something that interest them even if they have no real needed for the information While regarding other things like cell phones they may have to read the manual just to be able to use the products The purpose for example could be to raise the status of the product reducing the number of questions from users or to meet the requirements in the Machinery Directive at the lowest possible cost 24 All techniques have at some point in history been new and people have been unaccustomed to dealing with them Below are the instructions from 1927 years telephone directory for Stockholm on how to make phone calls Allm nna anvisningar vid telefonering fran automatisk apparat R rande tillvagagaingssattet vid uppringning fran automatisk telefonapparat se anvisningarna 4 kartongbladet i katalogens mitt Tillse att mikrotelefonen altid da samtal pagar vilar pa sin plats 1 annat fall f rst res mikrofonen Svara snarast m jligt da signal h res Kikssamtal markeras fran stationen medelst tv strax p varandra f ljande korta ringningar dubbelsignal Sadan signal far icke anv ndas f r annat samtal ven om p ringande abonnent s beg r Svara med namnet eller numret A egen apparat icke med hall H rigenom vinnes tid Avh res ej andra a
27. t must be done and what is good to do Explain if possible why it is so see the chapter handling reparation destruction instructions Consistently use the same term for the same phenomenon and avoid using the same term for different things Do not soak the important information in unimportant details To avoid this the text is preferably divided into main instructions and footnotes Check if the text meets the requirements in applicable European Union directives Try if possible the text using some suitable persons who may try to interpret and perform 18 Safety instructions The Machinery Directive and Low Voltage Directive require that the instructions should warn of risks associated with the use See the following excerpt from Machinery Directive with most important for a writer of instruction manuals 1 1 2 Principles of safety integration a Machinery must be designed and constructed so that they can function as intended and operated adjusted and maintained without putting persons at risk when these operations are carried out under the conditions foreseen but also taking into account any reasonably foreseeable misuse The aim of the measures taken must be to eliminate any risk throughout the machine s life expectancy which includes transportation assembly dismantling to disabling and scrapping b In selecting the most appropriate methods the manufacturer or his representative shall apply the
28. ter each use motordelen p slagen I St ng s 2177 1071775 27777 a rinsed with the motor on Then the sedan av apparaten och ta av huri halbe enored borsten fran motordelen Reng r from the machine and then both bada delarna separat under parts shall be rinsed and wiped rinnande vatten 11 Torka dem sedan torra Emellanat bor ven laddenheten goras rent med en fuktig trasa If these instructions are followed some of the idea of using an electric toothbrush is deflected because the work avoided and time saved from using the electric brush 1s partially lost in the process of the cleaning the device On the other hand if one chooses to resist cleaning one may get the sense of being a filth pig Alternatively this can be a source of argument between pedant and filth pig if there is more than one user of the same object Here it would have been reasonable to explain what the consequence would be for those who do not follow the daily cleaning instruction Would the effect be a nasty bacterial growth which in turn can transmit diseases or would the effect is only be that the device looks untidy 32
29. tive regulates the design from the electrical point of view of virtually all products to be used with a voltage between 50 to 1 000 V However with some exceptions such as electrical parts for elevators and medical devices The Machine Directive and The Low Voltage Directive enshrines the CE marking procedure will be implemented for the products The purpose of the rules is that the products sell in Europe are as harmless as possible for users For products that fall under the Machine Directive the manufacturer shall ensure that they are safe by carefully analyzing them and if possible eliminate the hazards the analysis reveals If it is not possible to eliminate the hazards he shall warn for them on the products The products shall also be accompanied by instructions whose design to some extent is defined by the Directive See the excerpt from the directive below With the most vital text for authors of manuals in Breen 1 7 4 2 Contents of the instructions Each instruction manual must contain where applicable at least the following information a the business MAME and full of the manufacturer and of his authorised representative b the as marked on the machinery itself except for the serial number see section 1 7 3 c the or a document setting out the contents of the EC declaration of conformity showing the particulars of the machinery not necessarily including the serial number and the signature d a n
30. turers 1s that they can use the same label instructions in all its markets Strangely there are not CY many other areas where instruction symbols are the main way to convey information Although many products are marketed in the same package Drying in markets with many different languages as in the European Union R We could for example have standardized symbols for durability cooking time and the parameters reported in the nutrition declaration on food packages An reason that this 1s not the case may can be that it is difficult to design symbols that are easy to interpret Control unit for a bed with adjustable height and alignable head and foot side Raise the head 9 side 7 Lower the foot side Raise the head Lower the side head side Raise the bed Lower the bed Raise the foot side Lower the foot side Not even good instructions helps an user unfriendly product Aside from games sports and other things that are designed to contain elements that give them a moderately high degree of difficulty most of what we encounter is made with the intention to be as easy to use as possible Much of the annoying problems that may arise when handling objects are probablydue to that they are unforgiving illogical or un consequent And if so not even the best of instructions will help The object is unforgiving vincit omnia Champagneglas Many who have ever had exclusi
31. v vederb rande telefonist och uppeh ll ej telefonisten genom andra meddelanden n s dana som cundgangligen fordras f r samtalsexpeditionen Anv nd apparaten under ask vader Anm l of rdr fligen fel A iedningar eller apparater till Felbvran samt be fogade klagomal ver expeditionen till vederb rande vaktforestandare eller kon troll r Vid beg ran om samtal till station i annat centralstationsomr de nr 9 pa num merskivan b r sedan telefonisten svarat f rst angivas namnet pa centralstationen f r detta omr de ven i det fall att den nskade abonnentens ledning ing r till vax cistation F rteckning ver ventral och v xcletationer se sid N NV L Lyder stationens svar Var god dr j inv nta d utan att l gga ued mikrotelefonen vidare meddelande och l mna sedan de uppgifter rere tationen beg ras Ang ervie ttet fer apprinpninge se sid 111 25 Vid best llning av samtal till viss person vid viss apparat skall tydligt angivas att det g ller honom personligen Lands och rikssamtal f ej p g l ngre tid n 2 perioder 6 minuter om annat samtal v ntar Blixtsamtal m dock p g 3 perioder A h rt belastade ledningar ger stationen att under de bradaste timmarna av dagen begr nsa av viftsfritt landasamtal till 1 period Likas kunna vid ledningsfel och liknande till f llen avgiftsbelagda lands och rikssamtal begr nsas till 1 period Vid
32. ve wine glass with thin walls probably know that they are extremely unforgiving for mal handling in the sink often they are not dishwasher safe In particular as the one who cleans the glasses often have been involved in consuming the wine and thus may not be in the best shape Instructions on how to clean the glasses would probably not help the users because none of them would even think of learning them by heart or to read them before an upcoming dishwashing But even if someone did that and also took the instructions into account the risk would probably still be high that the cleaner made a careless but normally harmless maneuver which brakes one of the glasses 1 The operation is illogical The features are more logical and easier to understand the more they follow the basic principles that we are familiar with such as If a control lever is pushed upwards it means an increase and down means the opposite For horizontal levers this is not as obvious It may seem natural to push it ahead if you want to go forward and more forward the faster you want it to go This is true for example pull the boats and horses In the latter case consists blip control of their own bodies Though it 1s the opposite for motorcycles When the throttle is turned backwards the speed of the motorcycle increases Because the throttles for motorcycles are an example of another well established basic principle A clockwise turn gives an increase and counterc
33. wall to the sketch 22 Each step should contain as many or as complex operations Since 1 The flow in the completion of the instruction will be better 2 The installer can easily check off each completed step 3 It reduces the risk that an operation 15 missed 4 It makes it easier to calculate how long time the whole work will take It is advantageous to write explanations that are not required for the actual execution of the operations in footnotes Obtain A screwdriver with PZ2 head Any spacers brackets etc that is needed to attach the panel in the manner that 1s the most appropriate in your case Possibly a splicing cable 2 conductor cable for outdoor use with core diameters of at least 0 5 mm Splicing devices such as cable shoes Tools for splicing such as a wire stripper or pliers Cable clamps with appropriate size A hammer for the cable clamps A fuse holder for a hang fuse Fuse preferably 2 4 A Cable shoes for the and terminals on the battery A 12 V lead acid battery To do this 1 Select a suitable spot 2 Position the panel so that the black surface is facing the sun 3 Fasten the panel with the four screws provided 4 Secure the cable with cable clamps so that it ends at a suitable site for splicing 5 Cut out the two battery terminals 6 Splice the cable Note It 1s important to note which wire is and which is in the new cable 7
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