PC-Logger 2100
Contents
1. the plus input measures the voltage between signal ground and the difference between these two voltages is then calculated internally and finally presented as the channel value A third way is to say that signals must never be allowed to float electrically with respect to signal ground of the 2100 They must in some way be connected Differential Analog to Digital Amplifier Converter ADC The figure above shows one input channel Note that the ground sign point is common to all circuitry and channels Page 11 3 CONNECTIONS 3 3 2 Common Mode To maintain accuracy in your measurements you have to make sure that no signal is outside the common mode range The difference signal that is to be measured may not have a common voltage with respect to signal ground that exceeds 10V see figure below A sensor that is left floating with respect to signal ground may easily drift outside this range because of leakage voltages or static electricity This will result in to say the least unpredictable measurements but will not damage the inputs as long as they are within 30 Volts from signal ground see also technical data Max overvoltage The shield of shielded cables may be connected to signal gnd at one end only Those users who always have floating signals should ground all negative inputs by connecting a short jumper between and Gnd of the terminals of each channel It should also be pointed out that wa2. 200ppm 2 divs 100mV 300ppm 2 divs 50mV 400ppm 2 divs 20mA range 20mA 300ppm 2 divs Cold Junction 0 5 C 7 1 8 Temperature Coefficient Ambient temperature variations affect readings by max 50ppm C 7 1 9 Noise Maximum noise level at 15 bit resolution is 1 bit division Use averaging to filter noisy signals The Math section of the PC logger software can using simple formulas apply digital filters to noisy signals 7 1 10 Common mode Common mode range at FS range 10V min 5V Common mode range all other ranges min 10V CMRR dc min 80dB 7 1 11 Constant Current Output The constant current output supplies 0 500mA into loads of a maximum of 5kQ Accuracy 0 2 at 25 C Tempco max SOppm C Page 26 INTAB Interface Teknik AB Sweden 7 2 7 2 1 7 2 2 7 2 3 7 3 DIGITAL PORTS COUNTERS Digital Output Output 1 Paralleled by digital input no 1 Output type Open collector with passive pull up 100kQ to 5V Max current 100mA at 25 C 10 C Max voltage 20V at 25 C 10 C Pulse Inputs and Digital Inputs at 25 C 10 C No of inputs 3 no 1 paralleled by digital output Low logic level Max 0 8V Hi logic level Min 3 5V or open internal pull up Max input voltage 20V Max pulse freq Min 65kHz at 5V in and 50 duty cycle Max pulse freq Min 30kHz at 10V in and 50 duty cycle Max pulse freq Min 20kHz
3. Q I am logging temperature with T C s type K The logger indicates a rising temperature when I actually lower it Why is this A You reversed the T C leads The red wire is the negative lead Q I am going to log temperature in two places along a metal hot water pipe Both thermocouples are welded to the pipe How do I go about connecting them to the logger A Since both hot junctions are in contact with a metallic object only one negative lead should and may be connected to Gnd Alternatively you may run a separate wire from the pipe to Gnd All other methods will result in ground loops that may spoil your measurements Q I want to sample data at the highest possible rate The memory has to hold data of a full week How do I calculate the shortest possible sampling interval A The memory of the 2100 can hold 112 000 values 1 week 604 800 seconds 604 800 112 000 5 4 Select an interval of 6 seconds for a week long recording on one channel You don t really have to make calculations like this The software will always tell you how long the memory will last for every set of parameters you program Page 30 INTAB Interface Teknik AB Sweden INDEX 5 50Hz 24 6 60Hz 24 A Accumulating mode 19 air temperature 13 alarm output 20 B batteries 5 Block Diagram 3 boot 24 Booting 24 C car battery 5 clamp diode 23 clock 5 CMOS 22 cold junction 8 Cold Junction 1 Command Manual 1 Com
4. 6 ANALOGUE INPUTS RANGES All analogue channels are DIFFERENTIAL They measure the voltage between and GND and the voltage between and GND The subtraction is then performed internally Standard inputs are balanced This makes them very insensitive to noise if the signal source is correctly connected A signal cable consisting of a twisted pair can be very long if the lowest potential of the source is connected to ground via a separate cable Transducer Analog Input Each channel is individually programmable It can via the software be set to measure voltage current or temperature thermo emf The range sensitivity for each unit voltage current temperature is also programmable This versatile property can be compared to the rotary switch on an ordinary multimeter with the difference that the user has to press a few keys on the computer instead see software manual Several types of T C s can be employed in the same recording and still be correctly linearized Ranges There are approx 25000 divisions of each range To put it in other words each range has a resolution of FS 25000 Here is a table of main ranges and their resolutions RANGE RESOLUTION 10V 400 uV 1V 40 uV 100mV 4 uV 50mV 2 uV 20mA 0 8uA Each channel has an internal shunt 51ohms that is used to measure current It must be connected manually via an external jumper in the screw terminal see Section 3 4 2 NOTE that t
5. Power Supply ce aca coat cictesnddatee dua caaadomnecemideseuccaneadusnuduiadieiadene 9 3 2 COMPUT seein Sees o eE EEE e EE E a EEE Aai 9 3 3 Connecting Sensors and Transducers eeeeeeseeeeeseeereereesreererreseree 10 Doel Differ ntial APUTS icient sisisi ienn iais 11 3 3 2 Common M d s ssnssasgsessya issis resar 12 34 EKAMPpl S aeea oaaae aa E E EE AE E EA 13 3 41 Thermocouples T C essssiisasin snieter ae 13 34 2 20mMmA Current LOOPS aise tate casita pecans ciecebiadactedssnactnteyuceunedaiees 14 3 4 3 Voltage output transducers 2 isci ccsa 5 nccesseccarcencdcreeicion Sette 16 3 4 4 RTD Pt100 SQWS OTS issccccscacassassandaanadacesadsieracabinadentianinsaatancs 17 3 5 Common errors when connecting transducers seeseesseceeeeeeee 18 4 DIGITAL PORTS COUNTERS eeseseseesesosseseseccecesoroeseseccccesosoeseseccecese 19 4l COUN ETS eace seeh sees tae iien eaae EE ad NEE A EE EEEREN 19 All Reset TOUS ssrin nerienorine na rE E ES 19 4 1 2 Accumulating mode eeeseseseeeeeseeeiesersrerressresrrreresrrsseseesre 19 4 2 Digital TAPUS Sesaessesecisncgatccasessaepuucascesavaceaaacssdecaaasoueceskutdencsapcendaeesdieece 20 43 Digital OUD cirera aa ERa 20 5 CONNECT DIGITAL PORTS ossssisssisssssssesososssssosssosesossssssssssosssesosssvosse 21 5 1 Switch Relay on Digital Input sesseeeeeseeeeeeeesesresserererreesresrrsrreserse 22 5 2 TTL CMOS signal on digital input eeseeeeeeeseeseeseseseerersrrererr
6. RECORD will also contain the information Recording on if a recording is in progress Page 4 INTAB Interface Teknik AB Sweden 1 5 Power Requirements The 2100 PC logger is normally powered by the supplied mains adapter It supplies 12V at a max of 500mA The 2100 is fitted with internal rechargeable batteries They will give the user at least 8 hours of continuous operation without mains supply when fully charged These batteries are trickle charged by the mains adapter There is no danger of overcharging the batteries They should be left on charge even if the 2100 isn t to be used for a long time This will prolong battery life and ensure fully charged batteries at all times Batteries should be replaced at least once every four years Some applications require the PC logger to be powered by other sources Use a cable fitted with a TA3F Switchcraft connector to connect to for example a car battery The logger will fall asleep about 2 minutes after the last command or key stroke has been entered This property saves the power in the rechargeable batteries for when it is needed Incoming serial RS 232 commands or pressing the C key will wake the 2100 The built in real time clock will wake the logger in time for every sample if a recording is in progress Easy View Pro automatically supplies the right time to the logger Make sure that your computer has the correct time Page 5 1 OVERVIEW 2 1 Page
7. at 15V in and 50 duty cycle Min pulse width Max I5us Max counter reading 65 535 With a passive sensor output open collector relay contacts switch contacts etc the maximum input frequency is limited to 1000Hz by the 10nF capacitor on the input Auxiliary voltage output V Out Voltage 10 18V derived from connected mains adaptor Current Max 200mA with supplied mains adaptor Max IA other external power source Note V Out is active only when the PC logger is awake When off line recordings with long sampling intervals are in progress the 2100 falls asleep between samplings This means that power via V Out is switched on a few seconds before the sample is taken and then switched off again as the 2100 goes back to sleep INTERNAL DATA STORAGE CAPACITY The PC logger 2100 can store in excess of 112 000 values off line The data RAM is backed up by a lithium battery that will retain data in case of power failure Lithium battery life is 10 years Page 27 7 TECHNICAL DATA SPECIFICATIONS 74 COMPUTER INTERFACE Computer communication is in serial form The serial standard is a subset of RS 232 Format 8 bit ASCII 1 Start bit 1 Stop bit No parity bit Baud rate 9600 Baud 75 POWER REQUIREMENTS Voltage 12 18V DC Current ca60mA charging current 35 mA Current w o charging batts ca 25mA Power via Vin or pin 3 of the TA3F connector Voltage requirement in this case is 10V NOTE With the display b
8. 2 12 12 12 A Channel 1 J12 J12 A Channel 2 To 12 A Channel 3 J12 12 A Channel 4 J12 IZ A Channel 5 BZ 12 A Channel 6 12 I A Channel 7 12 12 A Channel 8 IZ Connection terminals for sensors and transducers Page 10 P1 P2 and P3 are digital and counter inputs V In is auxiliary PSU input V Out is an auxiliary voltage supply for transducers I Out is a constant current source 0 500mA for four wire resistance measurements f ex Pt100 To measure 20mA process signals you must connect a jumper between I and on respective channel For differential measurements you connect the two signals between ground and and ground and For single ended signals you connect a jumper between and Gnd of respective channel INTAB Interface Teknik AB Sweden 3 3 1 Differential Inputs OBSERVE When connecting signals from sensors and or transducers some simple rules about referencing them to logger signal ground must be followed All analogue channels are differential with a very high impedance to signal ground Their inputs have no internal connection to signal ground Differential channels measure as the name implies the difference in voltage between the and the in relation to signal ground Another way of saying this is that each channel really measures two voltages the minus input measures the voltage between signal ground and
9. 2 Digital Inputs The status of the three digital inputs are reflected in channel 31 By monitoring these along other signals you can make sure that valves or switches assume the right status at the correct time and correlate this with other measured parameters These inputs must be externally debounced if mechanical switches are used as sensors or fitted with filters if the electrical environment is noisy 4 3 Digital Output The digital output is mainly used as an alarm output It may also be used for switching purposes e g switching power to external equipment The EasyView Pro software supports alarm programming Page 20 INTAB Interface Teknik AB Sweden CONNECT DIGITAL PORTS The digital ports are multifunctional The same pins are used for status input counter input and alarm output This makes it absolutely necessary to exercise utmost care when connecting external equipment to them The schematic diagram below shows the details of one of these ports P1 Ports P2 and P3 are identical but do not have the output transistor the parts within dashed lines Definitions A 1 is defined as a shorting of the input output to ground A 1 therefore corresponds to OV on the input output An unconnected port consequently is seen by the logger as a 0 zero P1 Digital P2 P3 1 Gnd NOTE Note that the digital output of P1 has the digital output transistor across it This will cause contention if it i
10. 3 counter inputs These can be used for event pulse counting e g flow rpm etc Recordings can be made directly to the storage media on the host computer On line recordings or temporarily to the internal memory in the logger Off line recordings During Off line recordings there is no need for the host computer to be connected to the logger This way the computer can be used for other purposes during off line recordings Main features 8 analogue inputs Range and measurement type are user configurable through software 10V 1V 100mV 50mV 20mA Thermocouple type J K R S T E 16 bit resolution AD converter 3 counter inputs plus 3 digital inputs and one Alarm Output Constant current source suitable for Pt100 measurements On line recording directly to computer Off line recordings using internal memory of 224KB Voltage output for transducers etc Display and keys for easy handling Fully compatible with Intab s EasyView Pro Small dimensions 250 x 110 x 40mm To fully understand the potential of the PC logger 2100 we strongly recommend the studying of this entire manual with emphasis on chapter 3 which describes how to connect sensors and transducers How the PC logger is handled using our software and a PC is explained in the program manual and by the program itself through its user friendly and self explanatory menus Those users who intend to write their own software to collect data are r
11. Gnd G E I Examples Measuring air 5 t t lasti T a Yj 7 E Gnd temperature Page 13 3 CONNECTIONS 3 4 2 20mA Current Loops Current loops can be connected in a number of ways They are basically the same but appear to be different because they are powered and or referenced to gnd differently Below are a few examples with illustrations NOTE The shunt resistor must for current measuring be manually connected via a small jumper short wire between I and See schematic diagram of inputs in section 3 3 1 1 Connecting current loops with common ground points Other Instruments Avoid ground loops by only Channel 1 connecting the gnd of one channel to system Channel 2 ground NOTE Ground loops can give rise to considerable measurement errors Try to keep other instruments in the source path of the transmitter This will make it impossible to exceed the common mode range You can of course also connect them in the return path ground side if you make absolutely sure that the common mode range 10V isn t exceeded Add resistances of inserted instruments to make sure The sum may not exceed 10V 20mA 5002 2 Connecting ungrounded floating current loops I Give all floating Channel 1 Current sources a ground reference by TOI shorting the negative inputs to b a Chaimel2 2100 signal Gnd ground with the help of a short piece of hook up wire 0 20mA 0 20mA po Again it must be st
12. PC Logger 2100 user s manual Hardware Manual with connection diagrams yon CT gt zH i INTAB Sweden PC logger 2100 tors Ports V Out FChannel 1f Channel A Channel A Channel 4 Channel Sf Channel ef Ch 1 7 Ch 8 Powe J A E EE EE EE E E E E E E E E E E G E INTAB Interface Teknik AB September 2004 CONTENTS 1 OVERVIEW wcssisevcsestecsssecuinecenssassseuesieicsavisevcsscassaiensnavecssveuwssoussssecescsaveieteess 1 1 1 On line and Off line EC Oring Sy asisuadctati yascoinctdcealeauiauoteatdceetdnanedandiadees 2 1 2 Memory Capacity during On line and Off line recordings 2 1 3 F nctio nal Bloek Diner ani s ceseccansvessteyapoostesgenioucasuartiueuenttecsorctaatees 3 1 4 Display and KEYS sisine asa a a 4 1 5 Power Requirements seereis oe nri eE RE E RES 5 2 ANALOGUE INPUTS RANGES esosssoesesosocsosoesesesosoesososossecocoesosoesesesee 6 2 MRAM acd sine eosi i EE EE EE 6 2 2 Temperature measurements T C S eseesseeeereeseseresreeresreesreerrsreesrreres 7 2 2 1 Rangesand linearization isss cetesecisevessgh stecseiesierasabeeeaseecuesies 7 2 2 2 Cold Junction Compensation eeseeeseeeeeeeeeeseresereresressreeresee 8 2 3 Temperature measurements Pt100 Sensors ssc sesiiasdcxscttnnsesdeessadiaised 8 3 CONNECTIONS esissssssssssssssrasrecorisssnocarosissssnss seess sto sasesu ss oio assasin osco vsaS 9 3 1
13. ack light on the current consumption increases by ca 130mA At elevated input voltages gt 15V the temperature inside the 2100 rises This affects measurement accuracy See also temperature coefficient 7 5 1 Built In accumulators Charging time ca 24 hours for full capacity Should be left on charge even when not to be used for longer periods Capacity At least 8 hours continuous operation with fully charged accumulators 7 5 2 Mains Adapter Voltage 12 18V Current Min 250mA 7 6 MECHANICAL Length 247mm Height 110mm Width 36mm Weight 1 1kg Page 28 INTAB Interface Teknik AB Sweden We believe the information in this manual to be correct Should there arise questions about the validity or meaning of information herein we appreciate if information about this could be forwarded to us Because development work continuously improves our products we reserve the right to make changes without any notice In consequence we cannot assume responsibility for any consequential or other damage resulting from the use of this instrument Page 29 7 TECHNICAL DATA SPECIFICATIONS 8 Questions and Answers Q I am recording ambient air temperature using T C s type K and all values are jumping up and down Some values like 3000 C are absurd What causes this A You have forgotten to connect the input to Gnd Your signal is floating around without any connection to ground reference See chapter 3
14. ause measurements are off it is more than likely that you yourself have made a mistake in connecting signals Check connections instead Controller Program The internal controller program of the 2100 is stored in RAM Random Access Memory This makes it possible to reload boot it if it lost due to a reset It is also very simple to up date or up grade the 2100 with new or customised controller programs by simply downloading them by booting from the software Booting is done by having the 2100 connected to the correct serial port of your computer Please see the software manual on how to BOOT 50 60Hz Adaption The PC logger family all except f models have some sort of integrating A D converters As you know the time integral of a sine wave that is symmetrical to zero has the exact value of zero if integrated for exactly one period In practise this means that all interference from mains is effectively filtered from the measured signal The default setting is for 50Hz mains environment For countries with 60Hz mains like the US the unit has to have its integration time changed from 20ms to 16 667ms This is easily achieved by in the software entering the EasyTerm terminal emulator see software manual and then typing the command HERZ 60 Enter Don t forget to connect the logger to the computer first If you aren t sure what setting you have you may ask HERZ Enter Go back to Europe and revert to 50Hz settin
15. d be applied around the temperature points of interest For large swing readings with great accuracy a polynomial e g the Callendar van Dusen equation for calculation of temperature from resistance should be employed Page 17 3 CONNECTIONS 3 5 Common errors when connecting transducers 1 Ground Loops _ Channel 1 Gnd I _ Channel 2 Gnd Two bare wire thermocouples are soldered to the same metal object A ground loop results because Gnd of both channels are connected to The loop can be followed along the line Gnd 1 negative side of T C 1 metal object negative side of T C 2 Gnd 2 Gnd 1 All Gnd s are the same electrical point Solution 1 Disconnect one of the jumpers between and Gnd Solution 2 Isolate T C tips electrically from object Solution 3 The best Connect as in 3 4 1 1 2 Floating signals with no Gnd reference 1 5 Volt Battery E I Channel 1 A common battery is connected between and of a channel There is no connection to 2100 Gnd Solution Place a jumper between wow and Gnd of the terminals Page 18 INTAB Interface Teknik AB Sweden 4 1 4 1 1 4 1 2 DIGITAL PORTS COUNTERS The 2100 has in addition to the 8 analogue inputs three digital ports These ports called P1 P2 and P3 have their main use in pulse counting applications P1 can also be programmed as an output for alarm related purposes Pulse counting channels hav
16. e channel numbers 25 to 27 Digital inputs appear in channel 31 as one digital bit per input P1 bit0 P2 bit1 P3 bit2 The numeric value is the sum of the binary weights of the three bits The digital output is reflected in channel 32 It has the value 0 for a non active output and 1 for an active output This rather strange channel numbering is the result of our effort to keep it compatible with PC loggers 3100i and 31501 Counters Flow sensors that output an electric pulse for every unit volume that has passed it are a perfect match for these inputs By noting counter value and resetting it every At you get a very exact figure for flow Flow as you well remember is volume per time or litres per At or litres per minute or Each counter can count up to 65535 then it wraps around and starts at 0 again You have to make At short enough so that this doesn t happen The counters have two basic modes of operation Reset mode and Accumulating mode Reset mode By Reset mode we mean the flow measuring mode mentioned above The counters are read and reset in the same operation every At Counters appear as if they were analogue channels showing pulses or litres or per At Accumulating mode In Accumulating mode the counters are read every At but not reset The stored value can then be looked upon as the integral from the time of the start of the recording up to the present Page 19 4 DIGITAL PORTS COUNTERS 4
17. ecommended to obtain the Command Manual that describes available commands and their syntax Page 1 1 OVERVIEW 1 1 1 2 Page 2 On line and Off line recordings PC logger 2100 can make recordings in two different ways On line and Off line An On line measurement is performed with the computer connected to the logger during the entire recording Measured data are continuously transferred from the logger to the computer and stored on disk During the recording it is also possible to analyse evaluate the measurements in real time on the computer screen You can also analyse previously acquired recordings while the current recording is taken care of in the background An Off line recording should be initiated by transferring measurement parameters from the computer to the logger These parameters tell the logger how to perform its recording and contain information about interval active channels channel configuration etc See also software manual All parameters are valid until a new set is transferred The PC logger can then after the parameters have been transferred be disconnected from the computer The recording is started using the keys on the logger itself During the recording the data is stored in the logger s internal memory which has a capacity of appr 110 000 values When the recording is completed the logger is again connected to the computer for transferral of collected data to disk Memory Capacity during On li
18. er can also be connected via screw terminals Vin and Gnd They are paralleled by pins 3 and 2 respectively Computer The PC logger 2100 connects to a serial port of a computer via supplied spiral cable The 15 pin D sub connectors has the following pins and signal names pinno 2 Tx pinno 3 Rx pin no 5 CTS pinno 6 DTR pinno 7 Signal return Gnd Leave all other pins unconnected Typical computer to PC logger cables Computer PC Logger Computer PC Logger 9 pin female 15 pin male 25 pin female 15 pin male Rx 2 _ _ _ __ 2 Tx Tx 2 _______ 3 Rx T O 0R R O Ok Dsr on ll Cts sr d Cts Gnd a 7 Gnd Grd T Gnd Cts 8 6 Dtr Cts 6 _ 6 Dtr Page 9 3 CONNECTIONS 3 3 Connecting Sensors and Transducers Several years of experience has shown us that 95 of all problems are the result of erroneous connection of sensors To avoid measurement errors noise pickup and other strange phenomena it is of paramount importance that all sensors and signal sources be correctly connected Chapters 3 3 3 4 and 3 5 of this manual must be considered a compulsory curriculum to achieve this Sensors transducers and process signals connect to the screw terminal along the side of the 2100 All screw terminals are detachable Terminal assignment and polarity are also printed along the side see illustration below 12 12 12 J12 J12 1
19. g a common ground point Channel 1 Channel 2 2 Connecting floating signals Channel 1 Connect the sensor common or ground to 2100 ground at one of the channels If you connect more than one you will create a ground loop which may be detrimental to your measurements Gnd for all channels are really the same point with several connections Each individually floating source must be referenced to Channel 2 2100 Gnd by shorting to Gnd with a piece of wire Page 16 INTAB Interface Teknik AB Sweden 3 4 4 RTD Pt100 sensors Using the built in I Out constant current source 0 500mA and four wire technique it is easy to measure resistance In a Pt100 resistance varies with temperature The relationship between temperature and resistance is very nearly linear Several Pt100 sensors can be connected in series to the same current source See figure below Channel 1 Channel 2 Gnd Channel 3 Gnd SSSISSSISSSISSSISSSS Channels that are to measure temperature using Pt100 sensors should be set to FS 100mV Resistance is calculated from read voltage by R U 0 5mA This is a linear transformation that is extremely easy to realise using the transform function of the software A Pt100 has a nominal resistance of 100Q at 0 C Resistance then increases by approximately 0 39Q C The Pt100 is slightly non linear so for more accurate readings the linear transform shoul
20. g by HERZ 50 Enter Page 24 INTAB Interface Teknik AB Sweden 7 1 7 1 1 7 1 2 7 1 3 7 1 4 11 5 TECHNICAL DATA SPECIFICATIONS ANALOGUE DATA Method of measurement A gt conversion Measurement interval Programmable in Is steps min 1s All channels are sampled with the same At All channels sampled within the same second Inputs 8 differential inputs Impedance Min 400kQ between and Min 5MQ to ground reference Overvoltage protection 30V continuous at voltage input Max input current 80mA continuous at shunt current input NOTE Current input shunts are 51Q resistors Ranges Four voltage ranges and one current range are available on all channels 10V 1V 100mV 50mV 20mA Each channel has an associated current shunt 51Q It is connected by jumpering I and in the detachable screw terminal NOTE Max allowed current is 830mA Divisions Dynamic ranges All ranges resolve to approximately 25 000 divisions The ADC has a resolution of 15 bits The smallest discernible input change is calculated by FS 25000 The 10V range has an approximate resolution of 10 25000 0 4mV Page 25 7 TECHNICAL DATA SPECIFICATIONS 7 1 6 Resolution 10V 0 4mV 1V 40uV 100mV 4uV 50mV 2uV 20mA 0 8uA Thermo emf 50mV FS T C J 0 1 C T C K 0 1 C T CT 0 1 C T C S 0 3 C T CE 0 1 C 7 1 7 Accuracy at 25 C Voltage ranges 10V 100ppm 2 divs 1000mV
21. he shunt will overheat if subjected to more than 80mA INTAB Interface Teknik AB Sweden 2 2 2 2 1 Temperature measurements T C s The 2100 is specially adapted for temperature measuring using thermocouples The high resolution of the A D converter makes it possible to record temperatures in excess of 1000 C with a resolution of 0 1 C using thermocouples of type K Thermocouples are active sensors that don t require powering to supply a signal They are highly non linear but are linearized by the 2100 A thermocouple is in its simplest form a pair of wires of dissimilar metals that are soldered together at one end The other end is connected to the two screw terminals of a channel The difference in temperature between the soldered end and the screw terminals gives rise to a voltage that can be measured This voltage is different for different thermocouple materials Simply tell the software which type s you are using by specifying J K T S R or etc for each channel before starting a recording Ranges and linearization Different types of thermocouples have differing levels of output They therefore have differing fields of application most often depending on the temperature range to be measured What two materials make up the couple may also be of a certain importance We will however have to assume that this is known to the user Below is a short summary of the properties of the most common types of thermocoup
22. hows a simplified diagram of the building blocks of the 2100 logger In addition to what is shown there is separate power input and an auxiliary voltage output for supplying sensors Note that the control program of the 2100 resides in RAM This makes it a simple operation to modify or update the logger by simply downloading a new program from the computer BOOT See also chapter 6 Page 3 1 OVERVIEW 1 4 Display and Keys An LCD and adjacent keys are incorporated to make it possible to handle the unit when disconnected from computer They are used to start and stop recordings and to check sensor signals and wiring Select one of three main functions using up down arrows MULTIMETER is used to check correctness of sensor signals Scroll between channels with up and down arrows The upper line of the display shows sensor output voltage or current The bottom line shows the linearly transformed value with the engineering unit you have assigned to it See also x form in the software manual RECORD should be selected to stop or start recordings Remember that a start erases the previous recording so don t forget to transfer it first The display has a built in lamp Turn it on and off with the lamp key To conserve power it will automatically be turned off after about 15 seconds z Time lt q Serial number ami ms lt q Start Recording lt Sure Starts Recording a EE oenas oe lt lt 7 34423 kPa Note that
23. les It is included to help in selecting type and range for your application K is the most common type Cold Junction 0 C mV at mV at mV at TYPE 200 C 600 C 1200 C MAX temp C K 8 137 24 902 48 828 1370 J 10 777 33 096 760 T 9 286 ne ween 400 S 1 440 5 237 11 947 1760 R 1 468 5 582 13 224 1760 Thermocouples are highly un linear This is corrected by the internal program of the 2100 Thermoelectric voltage is measured in mV and then adjusted for the cold junction temperature according to the type specified This adjusted voltage is then used as input variable to a linearizing table The table one for each thermocouple type is constructed so that its contribution to the measurement error is negligible 0 05 C for T lt 250 C 0 15 C for T gt 250 C and K type Page 7 2 ANALOGUE INPUTS RANGES 2 2 2 2 3 Page 8 Cold Junction Compensation When using thermocouples to measure temperature it is almost always necessary to know the temperature of the cold junction Thermoelectric voltage has to be adjusted with respect to this temperature Thermoelectric voltage is the result of the temperature difference between the cold junction and the hot junction A solid state temperature sensor has been placed centrally in the screw terminal area of the analogue board Its temperature is automatically sampled every time a temperature measurement is taken All temperature measurements are th
24. mon errors 18 Common Mode 12 common mode range 12 conducting object 13 Connecting Sensors 10 constant current 8 controller program 24 counter inputs 10 COUNTERS 19 Current loops 14 current source 8 17 D debounce 22 DIFFERENTIAL 6 Differential Inputs 11 differential measurements 10 digital inputs 20 Digital inputs 19 digital output 19 DIGITAL PORTS 19 divisions 6 D sub 9 duration 2 E errors 18 F floating 12 Flow sensors 19 frequency response 21 G ground loop 16 ground loops 14 H hot junction 8 13 I Impedance 25 integration time 24 I out 8 I Out 10 K keys 4 L LCD 4 linearization 1 M mains adapter 5 MULTIMETER 4 N non conducting object 13 o Off line 2 On line 2 output 19 output transistor 21 23 P P1 P2 and P3 10 19 parameters 2 Power Supply 9 Pt100 8 10 17 pulse counting 19 R range 6 ranges 25 real time 2 RECORD 4 recording length 2 relay 23 relay driver 23 Reset 24 Reset mode 19 resolution 6 RTD 17 INDEX Page 31 S sample 2 screw terminal 10 Sensors 10 serial port 9 shunt 6 15 25 SPECIFICATIONS 25 T T C 13 TECHNICAL DATA 25 Terminal assignment 10 thermocouples 7 Thermocouples 13 Thermoelectric voltage 7 transmitters 15 trickle charged 5 TTL 22 V V In 10 V Out 10 15 Page 32 INTAB Interface teknik AB Sweden
25. ne and Off line recordings Every stored sample occupies 2 bytes of memory When making On line measurements it is the amount of free space on the computer s disk floppy disk or hard disk that limits the length of the recording For an Off line recording the limiting factor is the internal memory capacity of the logger This memory of 224k Bytes can hold 112 000 values The parameters that affect the maximum recording length or duration are Sampling Interval Reduction Factor Averaged Value Number of channels used and of course if it is an On line or Off line recording When using Intab s software the user is always informed of how long the recording can last while entering the various parameters Example Off line recording The PC logger can sample on 8 channels 10 times each hour during 2 months 0 1 x 224 000 2 x 8 1400 hours 58 days Please note that the PC logger only can handle one recording at a time If an Off line recording is started before the previous Off line recording was transferred to disk the first one will be lost INTAB Interface Teknik AB Sweden 13 Functional Block Diagram Program M Rom Display 8KB and Keys RS 232 Computer Power Cpu oles connection ort Counters 16 bit and ADC Digital In Out Programmable Constit currant soured Instrumentation Amplifier for Pt100 probes y Channel Selector FARRE Ae Transducer connectors The illustration above s
26. nt I Rel doesn t exceed 100mA Currents above this will damage the output transistor The expert engineer immediately calculates this to also mean that the coil resistance of a relay may not be less than 150Q if it is powered by 15V If a relay is connected to the output as in the example above it must have a built in clamp diode Some relays don t have this In those cases you must connect one yourself Observe polarity when connecting it and make sure it can withstand at least twice the relay voltage and carry a current of at least 200mA Status Led on digital output Shown below is how the digital output can be used to switch a led indicator on and off V Out is used to supply power Page 23 5 CONNECT DIGITAL PORTS 6 1 6 2 6 3 MISCELLANEOUS Reset of the PC logger 2100 The PC logger model 2100 can be reset by temporarily shorting sockets 7 and 8 of the 15 pole D sub connector Resetting the logger will result in it loosing its internal controller program all measurement parameters and all measurement data it may have stored Its internal controller program must then be re booted and new parameters supplied before recordings can be started again See also next section There should never really be any need to reset the 2100 at all Only very heavy electrical and RF interference may make it loose track of its internal controller program and necessitate a reset and subsequent re boot If you think it needs a reset bec
27. ressed that floating is meant in respect to 2100 signal ground not any other ground that may be lying around like safety earth ground This of course also does not necessarily mean that it is floating with respect to other grounds Confused Get an electronics engineer to help you Page 14 INTAB Interface Teknik AB Sweden 3 Connecting two wire transmitters using 2100 V Out as power source The auxiliary V Out can be used to power external equipment like 20mA transmitters It is actually just the mains adapter voltage that is passed on to the screw terminal In the example at left the V out supplies power to the transmitter Current from the transmitter passes into shunt at I and developed voltage is measured by at From comes return current that is fed back to Gnd at the same time establishing ground reference 4 Connecting two wire transmitters with external power source 4 20mA Two wire EAN transmitter may Channel 1 sometimes require 5 higher voltages to Z4Volt Gnd work properly In those cases you must use an external PSU Connection follows same rules as above but the V Out is replaced by an external supply Page 15 3 CONNECTIONS 3 4 3 Voltage output transducers Connect each transducer according to one of the methods below Which one you use depend on whether your signal is floating or not The two methods may of course be combined 1 Connecting signals havin
28. rrseree 22 5 3 External relay on digital OUtpUlisse eseceecdevsdccspese dierceuteedenyunsdvadexeseceene 23 5 4 Status Led on digital output sacsaveccecssscdeusacnsacessasnceutesianinesdenssoasace 23 6 MISCELLANEOUS scscsessescssscsecesassssiicssscactscosassecssetasssssssnstesnseodesossansseate 24 6 1 Reset of the PC logger 2100 eesesessesseressrssresrrssesersrressrssresrensesse 24 6 2 Controller Progtam oi yoy ccippstansstendiceseledcciicamanthecsaseedavedgheeinatauwess 24 63 50 60HZ Adaption screenees snesena iaeei 24 7 TECHNICAL DATA SPECIFICATION G cscsssssssssssssssssssesseseees 25 Ve ANALOGUE DATA mecre ario D E nE 25 7 1 1 Method of measurement eseeeseseeeseereeseereesressrreresrrsseeeresne 25 T42 Mieasuremment terval i c2g necescessenesdncccease xstendesesanseenscudsaecenx 25 TSS TOPOS csee r EE E EE Ei 25 TALA Ranges sisitan iin n dire Rai 25 7 1 5 Divisions Dy Wane ranges sce ce ctecactiaschiouresacederswonstecadeosdende 25 7 1 6 RESO MMUIOUN 4c dustteds ce ccete caucetaceons dete cdactsecetaduetecauscecatsdeeaduiotac 26 LET ACOUACY ssssie ss dc ctsca she ioe anoion aE AEE AE i 26 TLS Temperature GCI CLOG sinope aa 26 LLO NOISE manieres a itae ae a EEDE AEE Eaa 26 TLIO Common Mod sssi nsrsissniesiesirenonesuon esiis 26 LLII Constant Current Outputs 26 7 2 DIGITAL PORTS COUNTERS sectdcietiiaccsta scasecasuetedcideheauianennrecs 27 Tea Disital OUtP t s eresian an aiena 27 7 2 2 Pul
29. s set to a 1 see definition above when there is a signal coming in to the input Make doubly sure that the digital output is set to 0 zero before using the digital input Also note that the 10nF capacitor limits the frequency response of the input to 1000Hz Page 21 5 CONNECT DIGITAL PORTS 5 1 5 2 Switch Relay on Digital Input NO or NC contact devices for status indication or counting are best connected as shown below If need be you can debounce switches by connecting a capacitor externally See dashed capacitor in the figure above A 0 1uF capacitor will give a time constant of 10 milliseconds 1uF increases the time constant to 100 milliseconds and 10uF to about 1s Contact bounces usually die down within 100ms but may last longer than 200ms if contacts are extremely bouncy TTL CMOS signal on digital input TTL and CMOS signals are easily connected No special interface is needed Just make sure that the signal grounds of the two systems interconnected this way are also connected Make sure that all signals are below the absolute maximum of 20V TTL CMOS Page 22 INTAB Interface Teknik AB Sweden 5 3 5 4 External relay on digital output The digital output is designed as a relay driver It will activate an external relay that in its turn will start an alarm bell or siren The relay is easily connected Simply follow the diagram below Relay Voltage Max 20 Volts Make sure that the curre
30. se Inputs and Digital Inputs at 25 C 10 C 21 7 2 3 Auxiliary voltage output V OUtis c ccicciiecsecssesaceasazassieanacnses 27 7 3 INTERNAL DATA STORAGE CAPACITY 21 7 4 COMPUTER INTERFACE occ astrosaaudaunesautiieasein ammrekantosaanaauaeteetdenetees 28 1 5 POWER REQUIREMENTS screeners ienien ies 28 7 5 1 Built In NiCd accumulators eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeerrerreererresrree 28 ED Mains Adapter ecr 23 ouceateetsc ennen anien aiie 28 T6 MECHANICAL sc sees oy s3cnsseeshreantnageeananouncssusadeceiesaneeganncdereassesmsandeaes 28 Questions and ATS WES vesiccsecicidesssciiccesscacdivessdacctoassedeceestacsedsaaceivesssaretoises 30 A E snuveslesbuacadeusbuchbay suas ansevenves essandsiudebucsilestenessivbneussessendsiesbenesissdes 31 OVERVIEW A PC logger 2100 together with our software and a personal computer running Windows constitutes a versatile and powerful data acquisition recording system PC logger 2100 is a complete logger useful for many purposes It will for example easily replace outdate any strip chart recorder The logger measures the full range of industrial analogue signals 10V 1V and 20mA It is also possible to directly connect thermocouples for temperature measurements Cold Junction compensation and linearization are internally handled by the logger It is also possible to measure temperature by means of RTD s e g Pt100 sensors In addition to the analogue inputs the logger is equipped with
31. ter must almost invariably be considered to be a conductor Analog Input Sensor Signal Common Mode Signal Max 10V Page 12 INTAB Interface Teknik AB Sweden 3 4 Examples Below follow a few examples of how to connect different sensors and signals to the 2100 It is always a good idea not to say good practise and a sign of competence to first draw a schematic diagram of how sensors are to be connected to the PC logger and how they may be interconnected This will save a lot of time by avoiding common pitfalls like reversed or mixed up leads ground loops and floating signals 3 4 1 Thermocouples T C There are two ways of connecting thermocouples See examples below They differ in the way the signals are referenced to signal gnd The two methods can of course be combined 1 Thermocouple hot junction in contact with conducting object eg Metal Connect object to be or Water measured to PC Logger signal ground via a Channel 1 Separate lead One lead is enough for all channels monitoring the same object Gnd is common to all channels Remember Examples Water temperature at several places in a large vessel several thermocouples along a metal pipe Channel 2 2 Thermocouple hot junction in contact with non conducting object e g Plastics To prevent the measured or Air signal from floating I away each sensor Yop Channel 1 must be jumpered to LA Gnd signal
32. us compensated for the actual temperature of the terminals themselves Some precautions have to be taken if the 2100 is exposed to rapid temperature gradients Since temperature is measured in one point only a gradient from one side of the unit to the other may cause misreadings By giving the unit time to reach a stable temperature before recordings are started and by protecting it from sudden changes of ambient temperature a very high degree of accuracy can be achieved Temperature measurements Pt100 sensors The 2100 can also take temperature readings from a Pt 100 sensor This is achieved by conventional four wire resistance measurement technique A constant current is passed through the sensor via one pair of wires The voltage developed across the resistor a Pt 100 is a temperature dependent resistor is measured by a channel via the second pair of wires The constant current is available at terminal J out on the left hand side of channel 1 Several Pt 100 s can be connected in series to the same current source See next chapter INTAB Interface Teknik AB Sweden 3 1 3 2 CONNECTIONS Power Supply Power is applied through a TA3F Switchcraft female cable connector connected as follows socket no 1 12 ISVDC at max 150mA socket no 2 OV socket no 3 10 ISVDC at max 80mA Connecting power through pin 3 is an alternative to pin one It saves power by not charging the internal accumulators Pow
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