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XBee® Wi-Fi RF Modules

1. 7 0007 8B 01 FFFE 00 00 00 76 7E 001A 91 0013A200407402AC FFFE E6 E6 0023 C105 C1 80 00 0077 0200 0000 EB O 2011 Digi International Inc 48 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules ERASE 0x01 The ERASE command erases writes all bits to binary 1 one or all of the GPM flash blocks The ERASE command can also be used to erase all blocks of the GPM by setting the GPM_NUM_BYTES field to 0 Field Name Command Specific Description GPM_CMD_ID Should be set to ERASE 0x01 There are currently no options defined for the ERASE command Set this field to 0 Set to the index of the GPM block that should be erased When erasing all GPM blocks this field is ignored set to 0 The ERASE command only works on complete GPM blocks The GPM_START_INDEX command cannot be used to erase part of a GPM block For this reason GPM_START_INDEX is unused set to 0 Setting GPM_NUM_BYTES to O has a special meaning It indicates that every flash block in the GPM should be erased not just the one specified with GPM_BLOCK_NUM In all other cases the GPM_NUM_BYTES field should be set to the GPM flash block size GPM_OPTIONS GPM_BLOCK_NUM GPM_NUM_BYTES GPM_DATA No data bytes should be specified for this command ERASE_RESPONSE 0x81 When an ERASE command request has been unicast to a node that node will send a response in the following format to the source endpoint specified in the requesting frame Command Specific Descriptio
2. 0 31 ASCII characters for WPA and WPA2 Either 5 or 13 ASCII characters should be used for the WEP password WEP keys are either 64 or 128 bits but in both cases 24 bits are factory set and are not specified by the user the key length will be either 40 or 104 bits respectively RF Interfacing Commands AT Name and Description Parameter Range Default Command 0 7 dBm F 3 1 7 dBm Power Level Select Read the power level at which the RF module transmits dl conducted power 2 7 dBm 4 pee 3 10 dBm 4 15 dBm Channel Read the channel number of the access point or OxFF if not associated CH Channel can be set when AH is configured for Adhoc creator mode Note when using 1 0xB rest Adhoc mode not all channels are available in all countries It is the responsibility of the installer to use the appropriate channels O 2011 Digi International Inc 75 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Serial Interfacing Default AT Command Name and Description Parameter Range AP API Enable Enable API Mode 0 Transparent mode 1 APl enabled 2 APl enabled w escaped control characters API Output Options Indicates the type of frame to output when data is received on AQ the IP services port O RX64 1 ZigBee Rx 2 Explicit Zigbee Rx O RX64 Interface Data Rate Set Read the serial interface data rate for communication between the module serial port and host Any value above 0x08 wi
3. Firmware Upgrades Firmware upgrades from the local host can be done by sending ZigBee explicit API frames type 0x11 to the IP address of the desired node with cluster ID 0x23 The format of the explicit frames is given in Chapter 7 and the sequence of operations to follow for firmware upgrades is given in Chapter6 Network Client This port is accessed by sending a packet from the client using the UDP protocol on port OxBEE Data sent to this port must have an additional header preceding the data The header description follows Field Name Offset Field Description Length Number1 0 2 Can be any random number Number2 2 2 Number1 0x4242 Exclusive OR of Number1 and constant 0x4242 PacketID 4 1 Reserved for later use 0 for now EncPad 5 1 Reserved for later use 0 for now Command 6 1 0x00 Data ID 0x02 Remote Command 0x03 General Purpose Memory Command 0x04 I O Sample 0x80 Data Acknowledgement 0x82 Response to remote command 0x83 Response to General Purpose Memory Command Command 7 1 bit O encrypted if set Reserved for later use options bit 1 set to request an ACK bits 2 7 unused Set to O for forward compatibility All of the commands and command responses detailed below are preceded with the above application header 2011 Digi International Inc 34 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Sending configuration commands AT commands can be sent to the XBee Wi Fi module
4. 0x23 SSID not configured 0x27 SSID was found but join failed 0x41 Module joined a network and is waiting for IP configuration to complete which usually means it is waiting for a DHCP provided address 0x42 Module is joined IP is configured and listening sockets are being set up OxFF Module is currently scanning for the configured SSID Note New non zero Al values may be added in later firmware versions Applications should read Al until it returns 0x00 indicating a successful startup O OxFFE read only AS Active Scan Scan for access points in the vicinity This command can only be issued when SSID is NULL which can be forced by first issuing the NR command If SSID is not NULL then the active scan command returns an error This command may be issued in command mode or in API mode In either case the following information is returned for each access point found 01 Indicates scan type of 802 11 CH Channel number in use by access point ST Security type where 00 open 01 WPA 02 WPA2 and 03 WEP LM Link Margin Signal strength in dBm above sensitivity ID SSID of access point found When this command is issued in command mode the above record is displayed one per line for each access point found Readable ASCII characters are outputs with a carriage return and each field on a new line When it is issued in API mode each record i e each access point outputs a separate AT
5. 0x84 PSK not configured 0x87 SSID not found 0x88 Failed to join with security enabled Ox8A Invalid channel Ox8E Failed to join access point Checksum 5 0x75 OxFF minus the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte Note New modem status codes may be added in future firmware releases 2011 Digi International Inc 68 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Transmission Status Frame Type 0x89 RF transmission status messages are sent from the module in response to transmission attempts Example The following API frame is returned when a successful transmission occurs on an API transmission using frame ID 01 Frame Fields Offset Example Description state 0 Ox7E Delimiter MSB 1 0x00 Length Number of bytes between the length and the checksum LSB 2 0x03 API Frame 3 0x89 Identifier Identifies the frame for which status is being reported This number corresponds with the Frame ID provided in Es Feme lD 4 Ona the transmission If that frame ID was O then this frame x will not be generated a 0x00 Success amp API Frame 0x03 Transmission was purged because it was Specific Data attempted before stack was completely up 0x04 Physical error occurred on the interface with the WiFi transceiver Status 5 0x00 0x21 TX64 transmission timed out awaiting an acknowledgement from the remote device 0x32 Resource Error Either buffers or sockets were
6. Note that multi byte values are sent big endian The XBee modules support the following API frames 2011 Digi International Inc 57 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules API Frame Names and Values API Frame Names API ID Tx64 Request 0x00 AT Command 0x08 AT Command Queue Parameter Value 0x09 Remote Command Request 0x07 TX IPv4 0x20 Rx64 Indicator 0x80 AT Command Response 0x88 TX Status 0x89 Modem Status Ox8A 10 Data Sample Rx Indicator Ox8F Remote Command Response 0x87 RX IPv4 OxBO Checksum To test data integrity a checksum is calculated and verified on non escaped data To calculate Not including frame delimiters and length add all bytes keeping only the lowest 8 bits of the result and subtract the result from OxFF To verify Add all bytes include checksum but not the delimiter and length If the checksum is correct the sum will equal OxFF API Examples Example Create an API AT command frame to configure an XBee baud rate to 230 400 set BD to 0x08 The frame should look like in hex 7E 00 05 08 01 42 44 08 68 Where 0x0005 length excluding checksum 0x08 AT Command API frame type 0x01 Frame ID set to non zero value for transmit status 0x4244 AT Command BD 0x08 value to set command to 0x68 Checksum The checksum is calculated as OxFF 0x08 0x01 0x42 0x44 0x08 Example Send a remote command to a module who s IP address is 192 168 0 103 CO A8 00 67 to set DIO1 AD1 as a di
7. ebin file for both serial and over the air firmware upgrades These firmware files are available on the Digi Support website The contents of the ebin file should be sent to the target radio using general purpose memory WRITE commands The entire GPM should be erased prior to beginning an upload of an ebin file The contents of the ebin file should be stored in order in the appropriate GPM memory blocks The number of bytes that are sent in an individual GPM WRITE frame is flexible and can be catered to the user application Example If the size of the ebin file is 217 088 bytes then it could be sent to the module in 1024 byte blocks as follows CPT_BLOCK_NUM GPM_START_INDEX GPIMM_NUM_BYTES ebin bytes 52 1024 214 016 to 215 039 52 2048 215 040 to 216 063 52 3072 216 064 to 217 087 Verifying the New Application For an uploaded application to function correctly every single byte from the ebin file must be properly transferred to the GPM To guarantee that this is the case GPM VERIFY functions exist to ensure that all bytes are properly in place The FIRMWARE_VERIFY function reports whether or not the uploaded data is valid The FIRMWARE_VERIFY_AND_INSTALL command will report if the uploaded data is invalid If the data is valid it will begin installing the application No installation will take place on invalid data Installing the Application 2011 Digi International Inc 54 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules When
8. 2011 Digi International Inc 5 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules AT Command OPtIONS ii at abi 81 Sle pi COMMAND a ele de 81 EXECUtION COMMANA So e aee iia TAO enn add evaceedszaaserih aaa eee 82 O Mod le SUPPO di as 83 XECTU Configuration MO muii A A A AAA a tic ci 83 Serial Firmware Updates miii a data daa dada 83 Regulatory Compliance a dt td Reseed a ae Ween a EE A es 83 1O Apency EM A Ree aids 84 United States FCCuuatit aii as 84 OEM Labeling RequirementS cccccoconocoonnnncnnnononnnnnnnnnononnnononnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnonnrnnnnnnnnnnanennnnnnnnnnnns 84 FCC Approved Antennas 2 4 GHZ cccscccccsssscccsessececsesseeeceesaececsesaeeecsessececsesaeeeceesaeeeeeesaeeeeseaaes 85 EUFO cL 20k ET epee te aera A A ea er roe 89 OEM Labeling Requirements civ ssl haceles veces Bude Eaa tad 89 RESEICHIONS isch aire eh E a Ae he beh ae eee 90 Declarations OFCON TOM de cves coe utes che ici 90 O 91 XB WI FPRE Modules ola cai ii A A e 91 Antenna Type Yael PP q eae EE ede eA en ee 91 Antenna Type Omni Directional ooocccncnononononnnnnnnononanonannnnnononononononnnnnnnnnnnnnrnnnnnnnnnnnnannnnnanoss 91 Antenna Type Flat Panels UTA ta let 91 AMS A O 91 Canada lla a a AI DAS thank aided eases ee da O he EO 92 tabeling REQUIEM aa 92 Transmitters with Detachable Antennas eecceeeeceseseeeesaeceeaeeceeeeeesaeeeeaaeeeeaeeseeeeesaeeneaaeeeeaeeees 92 Australia E T asne ta a a A A dadas 93 O A AO OT 93 Approved An
9. including the Associate pin pin 15 and the On_nSLEEP pin pin 13 will change level or behavior based on the state of the module Board Layout XBee modules do not have any specific sensitivity to nearby processors crystals or other PCB components Other than mechanical considerations no special PCB placement is required for integrating XBee radios except for those with integral antennas In general Power and GND traces should be thicker than signal traces and be able to comfortably support the maximum currents The radios are also designed to be self sufficient and work with the integrated and external antennas without the need for additional ground planes on the host PCB However considerations should be taken on the choice of antenna and antenna location Metal objects that are near an antenna cause reflections and may reduce the ability for an antenna to efficiently radiate Using an integral antenna in an enclosed metal box will greatly reduce the range of a radio For this type of application an external antenna would be a better choice External antennas should be positioned away from metal objects as much as possible Metal objects next to the antenna or between transmitting and receiving antennas can often block or reduce the transmission distance Some objects that are often overlooked are metal poles metal studs or beams in structures concrete it is usually reinforced with metal rods metal enclosures vehicles elevators vent
10. s are consumed by serial communication etc See GPIO section for more information on configuring and using GPIO ports Electrical Specification for GPIO pads Parameter Condition Min Typ WEDS Units Input Low Voltage 0 3VDD V Input High Voltage 0 7VDD V Output high Voltage relative to VDD Sourcing 6mA VDD 3 0V 95 Output low voltage relative to VDD Sourcing 6mA VDD 3 0V 5 0 5 mA drive strength and load Output fall time capacitance CL 12 5 25pF 20 0 1CL 250 ns 2 mA drive strength and load capacitance CL 350 600pF 20 0 1CL 250 ns I O pin hysteresis VIOTHR Viothr VDD 3 to 3 6V 0 1VDD V Pulse width of pulses to be removed by the glitch suppression filter 10 50 ns 2011 Digi International Inc 12 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Agency Approvals Specification XBee Wi Fi United States FCC Part 15 247 FCC ID MCQ XBS6 Industry Canada IC IC 1846A XBS6 Europe DC ETSI Australia C tick Brazil Pending Japan TELEC R210WW1005 FCC Approval USA Refer to Chapter 12 FCC Requirements Systems that contain XBee Wi Fi modules inherit Digi Certifications Pin Signals Pin Assignment for the XBee Wi Fi module Low asserted signals are distinguished with a lower case n before the signal name Pin Name Direction Default State Description 1 VCC Power Supply 2 DIO13 DOUT
11. the XBee may be forced into command mode with a known configuration as follows While holding DIN low a k a asserting the break key reset the module Rather than coming up in transparent mode which is normal it will come up in command mode and issue the OK prompt with the following default parameters applied for operation while in command mode e UART enabled P3 1 P4 1 only set for SPl enabled modules e 9600 baud rate BD 3 e One stop bit SB 0 e No parity NB 0 e Three character times with no change on DIN before transmission RO 3 e No RTS flow control D6 0 e CTS flow control D7 1 e 65 characters left in transmission buffer before CTS is turned off FT e is used for command mode character CC 0x2b e One second guard time GT 0x3e8 e Ten second command mode timeout CT 0x64 If configuration mode is left without setting any parameters i e without changing parameter values then all parameters will revert to their previous unknown state after exiting command mode Also any values queried will return the previously written settings rather than the temporarily applied default settings described above When the need arises to recover from an unknown configuration to a known configuration the user should do the following 1 Set up the interface to the XBee to match the default configuration as described above 2 Press and hold DIN low while resetting the XBee module Release DIN let it be pulled hi
12. 0x65 e PE Data in binary or ASCII format based on the 16 0x73 s a a command For the ID command the data is in ASCII 17 0x73 s seeps a format If the command was set then this field is not 18 0x50 p returned 19 Ox6F o 20 0x69 i 21 Ox6E n 22 0x74 t 2011 Digi International Inc 35 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Sending serial data command to XBee Using this service to send data out the serial port is not required Most users will choose to use the Serial Communication Service see below for sending data from a network client One reason to use the XBee Application Service to send the serial data command from a network client is to receive an acknowledgment when sending a UDP packet The client can request an acknowledgement from the XBee but must wait to receive the acknowledgement before sending the next packet The client is responsible for retransmissions due to missed acknowledgments When resending packets duplicates can be received at the destination due to a successful serial data command and a failed acknowledgment packet The host in this case must be able to handle duplicate packets The following packet structures are examples of sending data and receiving an acknowledgement using the XBee application service Serial Data Command Application Header Command Specific Data Packet Fields Offset Example Description 0 0x4242 2
13. 2011 Digi International Inc 46 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules The GPM of a target node can be accessed from the XBee serial port or from a non XBee network client Serial port access is done by sending explicit API frames to the MEMORY_ACCESS cluster ID 0x23 on the DIGI_ DEVICE endpoint OxE6 of the target node Explicit API frames have frame identifier 0x11 and are described in the API Operation section Access from a non XBee network client is done by sending UDP frames to the target node on port OxOBEE The payload begins with an application header followed by the GPM header described below Refer to the Network Client section of the XBee Application Service section to learn how to format the application header The following header is used to generate a GPM command It should be used whether using serial port access or network client access For network client access an application header needs to precede the GPM header To keep things simple this section is written from the perspective of serial port access without the application header Do not forget to precede each frame with an application header if using a network client for GPM access ad er Field Name General Field Description Payload Bytes 0 1 GPM_CMD_ID Specific GPM commands are described below 1 1 GPM_OPTIONS Command specific option 2 2 GPM_BLOCK_NUM The block number addressed in the GPM 4 2 GPM_START_INDEX The byte index within the addressed GPM bl
14. DATA 16 This field is unused for this command 2011 Digi International Inc 37 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Serial Communication Service The serial communication service connects an IP port to the serial peripheral UART or SPI of the XBee No additional formatting or header is required and data will be transferred between the RF hardware and Serial Communication hardware as received The IP ports are configured using the CO and DE commands Note that port OxBEE is reserved for the XBee Application Service and should not be used for the Serial Communication Service The behavior of this service varies based on the mode of the serial port and is discussed in the following sections Transparent mode Only one port is available and can be either UDP or TCP It is configured through the IP command Data received by the service is sent to the serial port without any additional processing UDP TCP API mode When the IP command is configured for UDP data received on the serial port will be packetized and sent to the IP address specified by the DL command and to the destination port specified by the DE command The source port is defined by the CO command TCP provides for a connection based protocol When in transparent mode the module will only allow one connection at atime A connection can be initiated by a local host or by a network client A local host initiates a connection by sending data to the serial port A
15. LLE AGMDpS ee power i 802 11 g 48Mbps 170mA 802 11 g 54 Mbps 170mA 802 11n MCSO6 5Mbps 230mA 802 11 n MCS1 13Mbps 210mA 802 11 n MCS219 5Mbps 200mA 802 11 n MCS3 26Mbps 200mA 802 11 n MCS4 39Mbps 190mA 802 11 n MCS5 52Mbps 180mA 802 11 n MCS6 58Mbps 180mA 802 11 n MCS7 65Mbps 180mA Operating Current 140mA Receive Deep Sleep Current lt 2uA 25C Associated Sleep current It varies See AP Associated Sleep section for details 2011 Digi International Inc 10 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Serial Communications Specifications The XBee Wi Fi RF modules support both UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter and SPI slave mode Serial Peripheral Interface in slave mode only serial connections UART Specification XBee Wi Fi UART Pins Module Pin Number DIO13 DOUT 2 DIO14 DIN 3 DIO7 nCTS 12 DIO6 nRTS 16 More information on UART operation is found in the UART section in chapter 2 SPI Specification XBee Wi Fi SPI Pins Module Pin Number DIO2 SPI_SCLK 18 DIO3 SPI_nSSEL 17 DIO4 SPI_MOSI 11 DIO12 SPI_MISO 4 DIO1 SPI_nATTN 19 For more information on SPI operation see the SPI section in chapter 2 2011 Digi International Inc 11 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules GPIO Specifications The XBee Wi Fi modules have 14 GPIO General Purpose Input Output ports available Those available will depend on the module configuration as some GPIO
16. RF data packet will be discarded Note If RTS flow control is enabled and the XBee is sending data out the UART when nRTS is de asserted set high the XBee could send up to 4 characters out the UART to clear its FIFO after nRTS is de asserted This implies that the user needs to de assert nRTS by the time its receive capacity is within 4 bytes of full Serial Interface Protocols The XBee modules support both transparent and API Application Programming Interface serial interfaces 2011 Digi International Inc 22 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Transparent Operation When operating in transparent mode the modules act as a serial line replacement All UART data received is queued up for RF transmission When RF data is received the data is sent out through the UART The module configuration parameters are configured using the AT command mode interface Please note that transparent operation is not an option when using SPI Data is buffered in the serial receive buffer until one of the following causes the data to be packetized and transmitted e No serial characters are received for the amount of time determined by the RO parameter If RO is zero data is packetized as soon as it is received without delay If RO is non zero the data is packetized after RO character times of no transitions on the DIN pin However if the time required for RO characters is less than 100 microseconds then DIN must still be idle for at least 100 microsec
17. The module will send data frames to the application containing status packets as well as source and payload information from received data packets The API operation option facilitates many operations such as the examples cited below O 2011 Digi International Inc 23 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules e Transmitting data to multiple destinations without entering Command Mode e Receive success failure status of each transmitted RF packet e Identify the source address of each received packet A Comparison of Transparent and API Operation The following table compares the advantages of transparent and API modes of operation Transparent Operation Features Simple Interface All received serial data is transmitted unless the module is in command mode Easy to support It is easier for an application to support transparent operation and command mode API Operation Features Transmitting RF data to multiple remotes only requires changing the address in the Easy to manage data API frame This Process is much faster than transparent operation where the transmissions to multiple application must enter AT command mode change the address exit command mode destinations and then transmit data Each API transmission can return a transmit status frame indicating the success or reason for failure Received data frames indicate the sender s All received RF data API frames indicate the source address address Advanced Networking API frames can pr
18. area guidelines do not apply for Wire Whip antennas or external RF connectors Wire Whip antennas radiate best over the center of a ground plane 2011 Digi International Inc 16 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Mounting Considerations XBee modules were designed to mount into a receptacle socket and therefore do not require any soldering when mounting to a board The XBee Wi Fi Development Kits contain 2 USB interface boards which use two 10 pin receptacles to receive modules The receptacles used on Digi development boards are manufactured by Century Interconnect Several other manufacturers provide comparable mounting solutions however Digi currently uses the following receptacles e Through hole single row receptacles Samtec P N MMS 110 01 L SV or equivalent e Through hole single row receptacles Mill Max P N 831 43 0101 10 001000 e Surface mount double row receptacles Century Interconnect P N CPRMSL20 D 0 1 or equivalent e Surface mount single row receptacles Samtec P N SMM 110 02 SM S Digi also recommends printing an outline of the module on the board to indicate the orientation the module should be mounted 2011 Digi International Inc 17 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules 2 RF Module Operation Serial Communications The XBee RF Modules interface to a host device through a logic level asynchronous serial port or a Serial Peripheral Interface SPI port Through its serial ports the module can communicate wi
19. depleted preventing a transmission from occurring 0x74 Message not sent because it was too long 0x76 Attempt to create a client socket failed Checksum 6 0x75 OxFF minus the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte Note New transmission status codes may be added in future firmware releases 2011 Digi International Inc 69 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules IO Data Sample RX Indicator Frame Type Ox8F When the module receives an IO sample frame from a remote device it sends the sample out the UART or SPI using this frame type Only modules running API mode will be ab le to receive IO samples Example The following is the IO sample response from a radio at IP address 192 168 0 103 reporting one active DIO DIO8 and one active analog input AN1 API Packet Frame Fields Offset Example Description Start Delimiter 0 0x7E tenet MSB 1 0x00 Number of bytes between the length and the E LSB 2 0x13 checksum 3 Ox8F 4 0x00 5 0x00 6 0x00 7 0x00 Align IP address to low 32 bits of the field The other bytes set to 0 IP address is in hex The example uses 8 OxCO address 192 168 0 103 API Frame 9 OxA8 Specific Data 10 0x00 11 0x67 12 0x2E 13 0x00 None currently defined 14 0x01 Number of sample sets included in the payload Always set to 1 MSB r nae e i 15 0x01 Bitmask field that indicates which digital IO lines on the remote
20. digital I O data only if one or more I O lines on the device are configured as digital I O If no pins are configured as digital I O these 2 bytes will be omitted The digital I O data is only relevant if the same bit is enabled in the digital I O mask Analog samples are 10 bit values and aligned on a 16 bit boundary The analog reading is scaled such that 0x0000 represents OV and Ox3FF VREF VREF may be either 1 25 volts or 2 5 volts based on the setting of the AV command where 2 5 volts is the 2011 Digi International Inc 44 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules default The analog inputs on the module are capped at Ox3FF Analog samples are returned in order starting with ADO and finishing with AD4 Only enabled analog input channels return data as shown in the example below To convert the A D reading to mV do the following AD mV A D reading converted to decimal VREF 1023 where VREF may be 1250 or 2500 Assuming that AV is set to the default value the reading in the sample frame represents voltage inputs of 2385 14 mV 0x3D0 and 713 59 mV 0x124 for ADO and AD1 respectively Queried Sampling The IS command can be sent to a device locally or to a remote device using the API remote command frame see chapter 8 for details When the IS command is sent and at least one I O line is enabled as an input or an output the receiving device samples all enabled digital I O and analog input channels and returns an I O sample Whe
21. for the application 2011 Digi International Inc 41 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Sampling data using sleep modes Data can be sampled when waking from any sleep mode by enabling an ADC or digital input and setting IR appropriately with respect to ST to obtain the desired number of samples Sample Rate ATIR If multiple samples are wanted during the wake period then IR can be used This will provide ST IR 1 samples Each sample will be sent separately Wake Host Wake host parameter ATWH delays UART and sample data from being initiated until the timer has expired This allows the host to wake up before receiving data or a sensor to power up before an I O sample is taken Digital outputs and special function outputs such as ON_SLEEP and CTS are not affected by WH This is to allow these signals to be used to wake up devices Note that for deep sleep both WH must be expired and the module must be associated before I O samples are taken 2011 Digi International Inc 42 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules 6 Advanced Application Features XBee Analog and Digital I O Lines XBee Wi Fi firmware supports a number of analog and digital IO pins that are configured through software commands Analog and digital lO lines can be set or queried The following table lists the configurable lO pins and the corresponding configuration commands Pin name s Module pin AT cmd Command Range DIO12 SPI_MIS
22. from a network client The following packet structure demonstrates how to query the SSID from a network client Packet Fields Offset Example Description 0 0x4242 2 0x0000 Number1 Number2 0x4242 Application sa Reserved for later use 0 for now Header 5 0x00 6 0x02 Indicates Remote AT Command 7 0x00 Options are not available for this command 8 0x01 0 Queue command parameter Must send AC command or 9 0x02 use apply changes option to apply changes 2 Apply changes to all changed commands Command Specific ai 10 0x49 1 Command Name Two ASCII characters that identify the AT ata 11 ox4a p command If present indicates the requested parameter value to set the 12 given command If no characters present command is queried The response will be sent back to the host with the following bytes Packet Fields Offset Example Description 0 0x4242 2 0x0000 Number1 Number2 0x4242 estar 4 0x00 S pplication Reserved for later use 0 for now Header 5 0x00 6 0x82 Indicates Remote AT Command Response 7 0x00 Options not available for this response 8 0x01 Copied from the command 9 0x49 1 Command Name Two ASCII characters that identify 10 0x44 D the AT command 0 OK 1 ERROR sa 0x09 2 Invalid Command 3 Invalid Parameter Command 12 0x41 A Specific Data 13 0x63 c 14 0x63 c 15
23. have sampling enabled if any In this LSB 16 0x00 example DIO8 is active Bitmask field that indicates which analog 10 lines on the remote have sampling enabled if any The most 17 0x81 significant bit signals that the Vcc value is included in the frame In this example Analog input 1 and Vcc are active If the sample set includes any digital 10 lines Digital MSB 18 0x00 Channel Mask gt 0 these two bytes contain samples for all enabled digital lO lines DIO lines that do not have sampling enabled return 0 The bits in these 2 LSB 19 0x00 bytes map the same as they do in the Digital Channels Mask field In this example DIO8 has value 0 MSB If the sample set includes any analog input lines 20 0x03 Analog Channel Mask gt 0 each enabled analog input returns a 2 byte value indicating the A D measurement of that input Analog samples are LSB 21 OxB5 ordered sequentially from DIOO ADO to DIO4 ADA to the supply voltage Checksum 22 0x38 OxFF the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte O 2011 Digi International Inc 70 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Peere ee 12 O11 010 Eaka Ea nF a Ea 07 06 DIO5 03 02 Ol 00 O 2011 Digi International Inc 71 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Remote Command Response Frame Type 0x87 If a module receives a remote command response RF data frame in response to a Remote AT Command Request the module will send a Remote AT Command Response message out the UART or SPI
24. length and the checksum LSB 2 0x05 API Frame Identifier d Ose Frame ID 4 0x01 5 L El AT MSB 5 0x42 B Command Name Two ASCII characters that identify the Command AT command z API Frame a LSB6 0x44 D Specific Data 0 0K 1 ERROR Status 0x00 2 Invalid Command 3 Invalid Parameter Parameter 7 Register data in binary format If the register was set then Value this field is not returned as in this example Checksum 8 OxEO bue minus the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this O 2011 Digi International Inc 67 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Modem Status Frame Type 0x8A RF module status messages are sent from the module in response to specific conditions Example The following API frame is returned when a module is powered on in API mode Frame Fields Offset Start 0 Delimiter Example Ox7E Description MSB 1 0x00 Length LSB 2 0x02 Number of bytes between the length and the checksum Ox8A API Frame Specific Data API Packet 0x00 O Hardware reset or power up 1 Watchdog timer reset 2 Joined 3 No longer joined to access point 4 IP configuration error Whenever the most significant bit of the Status byte is set the WiFi transceiver is reporting a problem These are the most likely modem status codes from the WiFi transceiver 0x82 Send or join command issued without first connecting from access point 0x83 Access point not found
25. several European countries For a complete list refer to www digi com If the XBee RF Modules are incorporated into a product the manufacturer must ensure compliance of the final product to the European harmonized EMC and low voltage safety standards A Declaration of Conformity must be issued for each of these standards and kept on file as described in Annex II of the R amp TTE Directive Furthermore the manufacturer must maintain a copy of the XBee user manual documentation and ensure the final product does not exceed the specified power ratings For Channel 13 at temperatures below 20C PL3 is the highest certified power antenna specifications and or installation requirements as specified in the user manual If any of these specifications are exceeded in the final product a submission must be made to a notified body for compliance testing to all required standards OEM Labeling Requirements The CE marking must be affixed to a visible location on the OEM product CE Labeling Requirements 25 20 5mm min The CE mark shall consist of the initials CE taking the following form e Ifthe CE alert marking is reduced or enlarged the proportions given in the above graduated drawing must be respected e The CE alert marking must have a height of at least 5mm except where this is not possible on account of the nature of the apparatus e The CE alert marking must be affixed visibly legibly and indelibly 2011 Di
26. 0 50 duty cycle M1 PWM1 Duty cycle Sets the duty cycle of PWM1 for P1 2 where a value of 0x200 isa O 0x03FF 0 50 duty cycle O 2011 Digi International Inc 79 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Diagnostics Interfacing AT Command VR Name and Description Firmware Version Read firmware version of the module The firmware version returns 4 hexadecimal values 2 bytes ABCD Digits ABC are the main release number and D is the revision number from the main release B is a variant designator where 0 means standard release Parameter Range O OxFFFF read only Default Factory set HV Hardware Version Read the hardware version of the module This command can be used to distinguish among different hardware platforms The upper byte returns a value that is unique to each module type The lower byte indicates the hardware revision XBee WiFi modules return Ox1Fxx for the HV command O OxFFFF read only Factory set HS Hardware Series Indicates the hardware series number of the module This module should indicate 0x601 for S6B Al Association Indication Read information regarding last node join request 0x00 Successfully joined an access point established IP addresses and IP listening sockets 0x01 WiFi transceiver initialization in progress 0x02 WiFi transceiver initialized but not yet scanning for access point 0x13 Disconnecting from access point
27. 0x0000 Number1 Number2 0x4242 4 0x00 Reserved for later use 0 for now 5 0x00 6 0x00 Indicates Transmission data 7 0x02 Request acknowledgment 8 0x48 H 9 0x65 e a Can be up to 1492 bytes Data will be sent out the 10 Ox6C I XBee s serial port 11 Ox6C I 12 Ox6F o Example Description Command Specific Data 0 0x4242 2 0x0000 Number1 Number2 0x4242 4 0x00 Reserved for later use 0 for now 5 0x00 6 0x80 Indicates Transmission data 7 0x0 Options not available for this response 8 No command specific data Receiving I O sampled data Sample data generated by the module will be sent to the address configured by the DL commands This data can be sent to another XBee or to a network client It will be sent using UDP from the OxBEE port as with other XBee Application services Sample data will be received by the client as follows 2011 Digi International Inc 36 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Frame Fields Offset Example Description 0 0x4242 2 0x0000 Number1 Number2 0x4242 Applicati 4 0x00 Rae Reserved for later use 0 for now Header 5 0x00 6 0x04 Indicates I O Sample data 7 0x00 Options not available for this response 8 0x01 Indicates one sample set MSB 9 0x01 Bit Mask Each bit represents an enabled DIO line LSB 10 0x01 starting with DIOO at bit 0 Bit Mask Each bit represen
28. 2 this device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation The XBee RF Module complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules and regulations Compliance with the labeling requirements FCC notices and antenna usage guidelines is required To fulfill FCC Certification the OEM must comply with the following regulations 1 The system integrator must ensure that the text on back side of the module is placed on the outside of the final product 2 XBee RF Module may only be used with antennas that have been tested and approved for use with this module refer to the antenna tables in this section OEM Labeling Requirements A WARNING The Original Equipment Manufacturer OEM must ensure that FCC labeling requirements are met This includes a clearly visible label on the outside of the final product enclosure Required FCC Label for OEM products containing the XBee S6 RF Module Contains FCC ID MCQ XBS6 The integrator is responsible for its product to comply with FCC Part 15 Sub B Unintentional Radiators FCC Notices IMPORTANT The XBee Module have been certified by the FCC for use with other products without any further certification as per FCC section 2 1091 Modifications not expressly approved by Digi could void the user s authority to operate the equipment IMPORTANT OEMs must test final product to comply with unintentional radiators FCC section 15 107 amp 15 109 before declari
29. 802 11 b g and n Indoor Urban Range Up to 400 Ft 120 m Transmit Power Output gt 15dBm 802 11 b 1 2 5 5 and 11Mbps RF Data Rate 802 11 g 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbps 802 11 n 6 5 13 19 5 26 39 52 58 5 and 65 Mbps 802 11 b 1Mbps 8 802 11 b 2Mbps 17 802 11 b 5 5Mbps 10 802 11 b 11Mbps 12 802 11 g 6Mbps 13dB 802 11 g 9Mbps 15dB 802 11 g 12Mbps 16dB 802 11 g 18Mbps 18dB 802 11 g 24Mbps 19dB EVM 802 11 g 36Mbps 21dB 802 11 g 48Mbps 24dB 802 11 g 54 Mbps 25dB 802 11 n MCSO 6 5Mbps 15dB 802 11 n MCS113Mbps 16dB 802 11 n MCS2 19 5Mbps 17dB 802 11 n MCS3 26Mbps 19dB 802 11 n MCS439Mbps 20dB 802 11n MCS552Mbps 21dB 802 11 n MCS6 58Mbps 23dB 802 11 n MCS7 65Mbps 24dB 802 11 b 1Mbps 97dBm lt 8 PER 802 11 b 2Mbps 93dBm lt 8 PER Receiver Sensitivity O 2011 Digi International Inc 8 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules 802 11 b 11Mbps 802 11 g 6Mbps 802 11 g 54 Mbps 802 11 n 65Mbps 89dBm lt 8 PER 91dBm lt 10 PER 75dBm lt 10 PER 72dBm lt 10 PER Spectral Mask Data Rate 50 to 22 MHz 22 to 11 MHz XBee Wi Fi 11To 22 22 to 50 Mhz MHz Units 802 11 b 1Mbps 52 39 39 52 dBc 802 11 b 2Mbps 52 38 38 54 dBc 802 11 b 5 5Mbps 56 43 48 54 dBc 802 11 b 11Mbps 54 39 37 55 dBc Data Rate ef poses Be a ni a ae
30. A VATAR EEES 59 Supporting the APh siie a E a E E EE Ea aa eaaa 60 ARI Frame Siira A A A A E O ACER O RE 61 TX Transmit request 64 Bit cccccccscccssssececeeseeecsesececsesseceesesseeeesesseeeesesaeeeesesaeeeesesaeeeeeesaes 61 ArCOmMMand cert cece Soe eee Rn eaten AA A AA A dah ce Sang tunes te 62 AT Command Queue Parameter Value eececcceesceceeeeeseeeeeaaeceeaeeceaeeeeaaeeeeaaeseeeeeeaeeesaaeeeeaeeesaes 63 Remote AT Command Request ccccesesssssececececesseseeaececeeseecseseeaesesecscesseeaaeseeeesseesesneaeeeeseeseesegs 64 Transmit TX request A AAA 65 Rx Receive Packet 64 bit c ccccccccccssececsessececsessececseseeeceessececeesseeeesessececsesaeeecsesaeeeesesaeeeeneaaes 66 AT Command RESPONSE iia ti ave odes di e eed vada dG td aS 67 Modem Status cin A aser 68 Trans missiO SEAS ita tab 69 1O Data Sample RX Indicator aa riae E AAA ne caen 70 Remote Command Response cccccccecsssessnsececececesseseaeseceeesesseseeaeeeseessesseseaeeeeeesseseeaeaeseesesseeeees 72 RX Receive Packet IPV4 aaa dad edad tbe dt sain at 73 8 XBee Command Reference Tables ccceescecesecesseeceeaceceeeeecsaeeeeaaeeeeaeeceeeeeesaeeseaaeseeeeeseaeeesaeeneaeeesaes 74 Addressing A AA AA ae aaa 74 Networking COMMANAS dadas 75 A A O Gausbsrsi ioe 75 RE Interfacing Command S iaa it a ead arias 75 EIE ENTARA ARELA EAA AEE EA E E eet EE een ee Oe a eee 76 OSUNA a a us hoot a E IE 76 ME aii cares et beeen ee ee E aas 80
31. Both Output UART Data out 3 DIO14 Din nConfig Both Input UART Data In 4 DIO12 SPI_MISO Both Output GPIO SPI slave out 5 NRESET Input Module Reset 6 DIO10 PWMO Both GPIO 7 DIO11 PWM1 Both GPIO 8 reserved Disabled Do Not Connect 9 DIO8 nDTR SLEEP_RQ Both Input Pin Sleep Control line GPIO 10 GND Ground 11 DIO4 AD4 SPI_MOSI Both GPIO SPI slave In Clear to Send Flow 12 DIO7 nCTS Both Output Control GPIO 13 DIO9 On_nSLEEP Output Output Module Status Indicator GPIO 14 VREF Input NC 15 DIO5 Associate Both Output Associate Indicator GPIO Request to Send Flow 16 DIO6 nRTS Both Input a n 17 DIO3 AD3 SPI_nSSEL Both Analog wae ee ada 18 DIO2 AD2 SPI_CLK Both Analog Input GPIO SPI Clock 19 DIO1 AD1 SPI_nATTN Both Analog Input GPIO SP Attention 20 DIOO ADO Both Analog Input GPIO O 2011 Digi International Inc 13 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Design Notes The XBee modules do not specifically require any external circuitry or specific connections for proper operation However there are some general design guidelines that are recommended for help in troubleshooting and building a robust design Power Supply Poor power supply can lead to poor radio performance especially if the supply voltage is not kept within tolerance or is excessively noisy To help reduce noise a 1uF and 8 2pF capacitor are recommended to be placed as near to pin 1 on the PCB as possible If using a switching regulator for your power supply swi
32. Example If a remote command is sent to a remote device with an IP address of 192 168 0 103 to set the D1 parameter to 3 digital input the response is shown in the example API frame in the table below Frame Fields Offset Example Description Start Delimiter A aye MSB 1 0x00 Length Number of bytes between the length and the checksum LSB 2 0x0D 3 0x87 4 0x01 5 0x00 6 0x00 7 0x00 8 0x00 Align IP address to low 32 bits of the field The other bytes set to 0 Value is in hex In this example the IP address is 9 OxCO 192 168 0 103 E 10 OxA8 amp API Frame 11 0x00 Specific Data 12 0x67 Me 0x44 D 1 Command Name Two ASCII characters that identify the LSB 14 0x31 1 AT command 0 OK 1 ERROR 15 0x00 2 Invalid Command 3 Invalid Parameter 4 Tx Failure If present indicates value of the requested parameter value If not present this is not a response to a query command Check 16 0x33 re minus the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this 2011 Digi International Inc 72 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules RX Receive Packet IPv4 Frame Type OxBO This frame is used by XBee when RF data is received using the Serial Data service on the port defined by the CO command Example When a module in API mode receives an IPv4 transmission it will produce an RX notification OxBO and send it out the UART or SPI This example is the response to a UD
33. I packets would be output the source node s serial interface 7E 0007 8B 01 FFFE 00 00 00 76 7E 0029 91 0013A200407402AC FFFE E6 E6 0023 C105 C1 84 00 0016 0000 000F 0102030405060708090A0BOCODOEOF C3 FIRMWARE_VERIFY 0x05 and FIRMWARE_VERIFY_AND_INSTALL 0x06 2011 Digi International Inc 51 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules The FIRMWARE_VERIFY and FIRMWARE_VERIFY_AND_INSTALL commands are used when remotely updating firmware on a module Remote firmware upgrades are covered in detail in the next section These commands check if the General Purpose Memory contains a valid over the air update file For the FIRMWARE_VERIFY_AND_INSTALL command if the GPM contains a valid firmware image then the module will reset and begin using the new firmware Field Name Command Specific Description Should be set to FIRMWARE_VERIFY 0x05 or FIRMWARE_VERIFY_AND_INSTALL 0x06 There are currently no options defined for the ERASE command Set this field to 0 GPM_CMD_ID GPM_OPTIONS GPM_BLOCK_NUM GPM_START_INDEX These fields are unused for this command Set to 0 GPM_NUM_BYTES GPM_DATA This field is unused for this command FIRMWARE_VERIFY _RESPONSE 0x85 When a FIRMWARE_VERIFY command request has been unicast to a node that node will send a response in the following format to the source endpoint specified in the requesting frame Field Name GPM_CMD_ID Command Specific Description
34. LASS ANTENNAS Minimum Cable Loss Power Reduction Attenuation Required g mode n mode Part Number Type Description Gain Application Min Separation A24 P8SF Flat Panel 8 5 dBi Fixed 2m 5 96dB 10 04dB A24 P8NF Flat Panel 8 5 dBi Fixed 3m 5 96dB 10 04dB A24 P13NF Flat Panel 13 dBi Fixed 4m 10 46dB 14 54dB A24 P14NF Flat Panel 14 dBi Fixed 5m 11 46dB 15 54dB A24 P15NF Flat Panel 15 0 dBi Fixed 2m 12 46dB 16 54dB A24 P16NF Flat Panel 16 0 dBi Fixed 2m 13 46dB 17 54dB A24 19NF Flat Panel 19 0 dBi Fixed 2m 16 46dB 20 54dB 2011 Digi International Inc XBee Wi Fi RF Modules YAGI CLASS ANTENNAS for Channel 11 25 Minimum Cable Loss Power Reduction Attenuation Required Min b g mode n mode Part Number Type Description Gain Application Separation mode A24 Y6NF Yagi 6 element 8 8dBi Fixed 2m N A 5 58dB 7 52dB A24 Y7NE Yagi 7 element 9 0 dBi Fixed 2m N A 5 78dB 7 72dB A24 Y9NF Yagi 9 element 10 0 dBi Fixed 2m N A 6 7848 8 72dB A24 Y10NF Yagi 10 element 11 0 dBi Fixed 2m N A 7 7848 9 72dB A24 Y12NF Yagi 12element 12 0 dBi Fixed 2m N A 8 78dB 10 72dB A24 Y13NF Yagi 13 element 12 0 dBi Fixed 2m N A 8 78dB 10 72dB A24 Y15NF Yagi 15 element 12 5 dBi Fixed 2m N A 9 28dB 11 22dB A24 Y16NF Yagi 16 element 13 5 dBi Fixed 2m N A 10 28dB 12 22dB A24 Y16RM Yagi 16 element RPSMA connector 13 5 dBi Fixed 2m N A 10 28
35. M 450 RPSMA 4 5 dBi Fixed Mobile 20cm N A N A N A 2 1 A24 HABSM Dipole Articulated RPSMA dBi Fixed 20 cm N A N A N A Dipole Half wave bulkhead 2 1 A24 HABUF P5I mount U FL s 5 pigtail dBi Fixed 20 cm N A N A N A Dipole Half wave articulated 2 1 A24 HASM 525 RPSMA 5 25 dBi Fixed Mobile 20cm N A N A N A 2011 Digi International Inc 85 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Omi Directional Ante Minimum Cable Loss Power Reduction Attenuation Required Min Part Number Type Description Gain Application Separation b mode g mode n mode Omin Directional Fiberglass 2 1 N A N A A24 F2NF base station dBi Fixed Mobile 20 cm N A Omin Directional Fiberglass 3 0 N A N A A24 F3NF base station dBi Fixed Mobile 20 cm N A Omin Directional Fiberglass 5 0 A24 F5NF base station dBi Fixed 20 cm N A N A 0 12dB Omin Directional Fiberglass 8 0 A24 F8NF base station dBi Fixed 2m N A N A 3 12dB Omin Directional Fiberglass 9 5 A24 FONF base station dBi Fixed 2m N A 1 0dB 4 62dB Omin Directional Fiberglass 10 A24 F10NF base station dBi Fixed 2m N A 1 5dB 5 12dB Omin Directional Fiberglass 12 A24 F12NF base station dBi Fixed 2m N A 3 5dB 7 12dB Omin Directional Fiberglass 15 A24 F15NF base station dBi Fixed 2m 0 56dB 6 5dB 10 12dB 7 2 A24 W7NF Omin Directional base station dBi Fixed 2m N A N A 2 32dB Omin directional Mag mount 7 2 A24 M7NF base station dBi Fixed 2m N A N A 2 32dB PANEL C
36. North America are not subject to overlapping 2011 Digi International Inc 31 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules 32 2011 Digi International Inc XBee Wi Fi RF Modules 4 XBee IP Services The XBee provides services using IP Internet Protocol for XBee and other clients on the network IP services provide functionality to allow XBee configuration and direct serial port access There are two XBee services e XBee Application Service e Serial Communication Service XBee Application Service This service primarily provides for XBee configuration It also provides API compatibility for customers who have designed around other XBees It uses UDP to transfer packets to and from port number OxBEE Packets are optionally acknowledged by the service but retries are not available An extra header is added to the packet data to define commands for configuration and serial data transfer The following sections describe how this service can be accessed from a local host or network client CO and DE are used to configure source and destination ports for the serial communication service The XBee application service uses hard coded port OxBEE for both source and destination and there is no option to configure another port Note Do not configure CO and or DE to OxBEE to use the XBee application service Doing so will cause an error Al 42 and the transceiver will neither send nor receive data Local Host From a local host this functio
37. O 4 P2 0 1 3 5 DIO10 PWMO 6 PO 0 2 5 DIO11 PWM1 7 P1 0 2 5 DIO8 nDTR SLEEP_RQ 9 D8 0 1 3 5 DIO4 AD4 SPI_MOSI 11 D4 0 5 DIO7 nCTS 12 D7 0 1 3 7 DIO9 ON_nSLEEP 13 D9 0 1 3 5 DIO5 ASSOCIATE 15 D5 0 1 3 5 DIO6 NRTS 16 D6 0 1 3 5 DIO3 AD3 SPI_nSSEL 17 D3 0 5 DIO2 AD2 SPI_CLK 18 D2 0 5 DIO1 AD1 SPI_nATTN 19 D1 0 5 DIOO ADO 20 DO 0 2 5 10 Configuration To enable an analog or digital IO function on one or more XBee module pin s the appropriate configuration command must be issued with the correct parameter After issuing the configuration command changes must be applied on the module for the lO settings to take effect Pull up down resistors can be set for each digital input line using the PR command The PR value updates the state of all pull up down resistors and the PD command determines if a pull up or pull down is used See Chapter 8 for information on these commands Pin Command Parameter Description 0 Disabled 1 Peripheral control 2 Analog input or PWM output 3 Data in monitored 4 Data out default low 5 Data out default High 6 RS485 enable low 7 RS485 enable high gt 7 Unsupported O 2011 Digi International Inc 43 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules I O Sampling The XBee modules have the ability to monitor and sample the analog and digital I O lines I O samples can be read locally or transmitted to a remote device to provide indication of the current I O line states Ther
38. ORM_INFO_REQUEST frame can be sent to query details of the GPM structure MENE LTS GPM_CMD_ID GPM_OPTIONS GPM_BLOCK_NUM GPM_START_INDEX GPM_NUM_BYTES GPM_DATA Command Specific Description Should be set to PLATFORM_INFO_REQUEST 0x00 This field is unused for this command Set to 0 No data bytes should be specified for this command PLATFORM_INFO 0x80 When a PLATFORM_INFO_REQUEST command request has been unicast to a node that node will send a response in the following format to the source endpoint specified in the requesting frame Field Name Command Specific Description GPM_CMD_ID Should be set to PLATFORM_INFO 0x80 GPM OPTIONS Alin the least significant bit indicates an error occurred All other bits are reserved at this time GPM_BLOCK_NUM Indicates the number of GPM blocks available GPM_START_INDEX Indicates the size of a GPM block in bytes The number of bytes in the GPM_DATA field For this command SEMANAS this field will be set to 0 GPM_DATA No data bytes should be specified for this command Example A PLATFORM_INFO_REQUEST sent to a radio with a serial number of 0x0013a200407402AC should be formatted as follows spaces added to delineate fields 7E 001C 11 01 0013A200407402AC FFFE E6 E6 0023 C105 00 00 00 00 0000 0000 0000 24 Assuming all transmissions were successful the following API packets would be output the source node s serial interface
39. P transmission to IP address 192 168 0 103 with data Hello from the source address 192 168 0 104 Frame Fields Offset Example Description Start Delimiter 0 Ox7E Leneth MSB 1 0x00 Number of bytes between the length and the 8 LSB 2 0x10 checksum 3 OxBO MSB 4 OxCO 5 OxA8 The address in the example is for a source 6 0x00 address of 192 168 0 104 7 0x68 MSB 8 0x26 Same value as the CO command 2 LSB 9 0x16 o o a MSB API Frame 10 0x26 E Specific Data LSB 11 0x16 MSB 0 UDP 1 TCP Protocol use for the 0x00 i 12 transmitted data 13 0x00 Reserved 14 0x48 H 15 0x65 e 16 0x6C l Up to 1400 bytes of data 17 Ox6C I 18 Ox6F o heck 19 0x13 OxFF minus the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte 2011 Digi International Inc 73 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules 8 XBee Command Reference Tables Addressing AT Command Name and Description Parameter Range Default Destination Address Low Set Get the 32 bits of the IPv4 destination DL address Using AT command mode this value is entered using dotted 0 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 notation example 192 168 0 100 MY IP Network Address Read the 32 bit network address of the module when 0 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 0 0 0 0 using DHCP Set Read values when using static IP address a MK IP Address Mask This command is read only when DHCP is ena
40. Pa 802 11 g 6Mbps 46 43 5 28 5 16 5 16 5 27 5 42 5 47 dBc 802 11 g 9Mbps 46 42 5 27 5 17 5 16 5 27 5 42 5 46 dBc 802 11 g 12Mbps 46 42 5 28 5 17 5 17 5 27 5 41 5 47 dBc 802 11 g 18Mbps 46 42 5 27 5 17 5 17 5 27 5 41 5 45 dBc 802 11 g 24Mbps 47 44 5 30 5 19 5 19 5 30 5 43 5 47 dBc 802 11 g 36Mbps 47 44 5 30 5 21 5 21 5 30 5 46 5 49 dBc 802 11 g 48Mbps 47 48 5 36 5 23 5 24 5 36 5 48 5 52 dBc 802 11 g 54Mbps 47 48 5 33 5 24 5 23 5 33 5 49 5 49 dBc 802 11 n MCSO 6 5Mbps 45 39 5 26 5 16 5 16 5 26 5 39 5 45 dBc 802 11 n MCS1 13Mbps 44 40 5 26 5 16 5 15 5 25 5 39 5 45 dBc 802 11 n MCS2 19 5Mbps 44 41 5 27 5 16 5 16 5 27 5 40 5 45 dBc 802 11 n MCS3 26Mbps 44 40 5 27 5 16 5 16 5 25 5 38 5 45 dBc 802 11 n MCS4 39Mbps 45 42 5 30 5 19 5 19 5 29 5 42 5 47 dBc 802 11 n MCS5 52Mbps 46 43 5 30 5 18 5 18 5 29 5 43 5 46 dBc 802 11 n MCS6 58Mbps 47 45 5 34 5 22 5 22 5 33 5 46 5 48 dBc 802 11 n MCS7 65Mbps 47 46 5 34 5 22 5 22 5 33 5 46 5 49 dBc 2011 Digi International Inc XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Electrical Specifications Specification XBee Wi Fi Supply Voltage aoe oY 802 11 b 1Mbps 260mA 802 11 b 2Mbps 260mA 802 11 b 5 5Mbps 260mA 802 11b 11Mbps 260mA 802 11 g 6Mbps 240mA 802 11 g 9Mbps 220mA 802 11 g 12Mbps 210mA 802 11 g 18Mbps 200mA Operating Current 802 11 g 24Mbps 190mA transmit max output POR
41. Should be set to FIRMWARE_VERIFY_RESPONSE 0x85 A 1 in the least significant bit indicates the GPM does not contain a valid firmware image A 0 in the least significant bit indicates the GPM does contain a valid firmware image All other bits are reserved at this time GPM_OPTIONS GPM_BLOCK_NUM GPM_START_INDEX These fields are unused for this command Set to 0 GPM_NUM_BYTES GPM_DATA This field is unused for this command FIRMWARE_VERIFY _AND_INSTALL_RESPONSE 0x86 When a FIRMWARE_VERIFY_AND_INSTALL command request has been unicast to a node that node will send a response in the following format to the source endpoint specified in the requesting frame only if the GPM memory does not contain a valid image If the image is valid the module will reset and begin using the new firmware Field Name Command Specific Description Should be set to FIRMWARE_VERIFY_AND_INSTALL_RESPONSE 0x86 A 1 in the least significant bit indicates the GPM does not contain a valid firmware image All other bits are reserved at this time GPM_CMD_ID GPM_OPTIONS GPM_BLOCK_NUM GPM_START_INDEX These fields are unused for this command Set to 0 GPM_NUM_BYTES GPM_DATA This field is unused for this command Example 2011 Digi International Inc 52 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules To verify a firmware image previously loaded into the GPM on a target radio with serial number
42. XBee Wi Fi RF Module WiFi RF Modules by Digi International Firmware version 200 11001 Bren Road East Minnetonka MN 55343 877 912 3444 or 952 912 3444 http www digi com 90002124 G 7 3 2013 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules 2012 Digi International Inc All rights reserved No part of the contents of this manual may be transmitted or reproduced in any form or by any means without the written permission of Digi International Inc XBee is a registered trademark of Digi International Inc Technical Support Phone 866 765 9885 toll free U S A amp Canada 801 765 9885 Worldwide 8 00 am 5 00 pm U S Mountain Time Online Support http www digi com support eservice login js Email rf experts digi com 2011 Digi International Inc 2 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Contents XBee WI FLRE MOCUIGs noirin aaa suasedadessede videsiedepesenteeh iounnendasavBavsaedebedeteetecdees 1 LOVE Wi Si ae ea eee ee A Sada aad E A onsen eas 7 SECCION St A A A A ee ns ala 8 General Specific S A A tad T 8 RF Specifications miii ee ee 8 Electrical Specification oia O A Sp von ghee An ina 10 Serial Communications SpecificatioNsS coconoccoconnnnnnonononannnononnnnnnnnnnnnnnnonnnnnononnnnnnnnnnnonenonnnnnnnnnns 11 DAR Ta A AAA A A A A A A A ees 11 Plica A AAA a 11 GPIO Special A iia diia 12 Agency APPO Sii ais 13 E O A AA oes 13 DESTE NOTES ti A A hele tee nee A ee ee Ree 14 Power Supply anen a e sete caste venetian ora t
43. ands The following image shows the API frame exchanges that take place at the UART or SPI when sending a remote AT command A remote command response frame is not sent out the UART or SPI if the remote device does not receive the remote command 2011 Digi International Inc 59 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Remote AT Command 0x07 Remote AT Command Response 0x87 Supporting the API Applications that support the API should make provisions to deal with new API frames that may be introduced in future releases For example a section of code on a host microprocessor that handles received serial API frames sent out the module s DOUT pin might look like this void XBee_HandleRxAPIFrame _apiFrameUnion papiFrame switch papiFrame gt api_id case RX_RF_DATA_FRAME process received RF data frame break case RX_IO_SAMPLE_FRAME process lO sample frame break default Discard any other API frame types that are not being used break 2011 Digi International Inc 60 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules API Frames The following sections illustrate the types of frames encountered while using the API TX Transmit request 64 Bit Frame Type 0x0 This frame type uses the XBee Application Service This command allows for software compatibility with other XBee module such as the 802 15 4 module Frame Fields Offset Example Description Start Delimiter Q ee en
44. at may cause undesired operation of the device Le pr sent appareil est conforme aux CNR d Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence L exploitation est autoris e aux deux conditions suivantes 1 l appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage et 2 l utilisateur de l appareil doit accepter tout brouillage radio lectrique subi m me si le brouillage est susceptible d en compromettre le fonctionnement Labeling Requirements Labeling requirements for Industry Canada are similar to those of the FCC A clearly visible label on the outside of the final product enclosure must display the following text Contains IC 1846A XBS6 The integrator is responsible for its product to comply with IC ICES 003 amp FCC Part 15 Sub B Unintentional Radiators ICES 003 is the same as FCC Part 15 Sub B and Industry Canada accepts FCC test report or CISPR 22 test report for compliance with ICES 003 Transmitters with Detachable Antennas This radio transmitter IC 1846A XBS6 has been approved by Industry Canada to operate with the antenna types listed in the table above with the maximum permissible gain and required antenna impedance for each antenna type indicated Antenna types not included in this list having a gain greater than the maximum gain indicated for that type are strictly prohibited for use with this device Le pr sent metteur radio IC 1846A XBS6 a t approuv par Industrie Canada pour fonctionner
45. ata becomes available and then the local host is expected to assert SPI_nSSEL and to provide a clock until the data available is sent out 2011 Digi International Inc 40 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules When the local UART host needs to send data it de asserts SleepRq Once the appropriate status I O lines are asserted CTS and or On nSleep the module is ready to accept data However data will be queued and not sent until the next DTIM When the local SPI host needs to send data it asserts SPI_nSSEL If SPI_nSSEL is being used for pin sleep asserting SPI_nSSEL is enough to awaken the module to receive the incoming data But if SleepRq is being used to control sleep then SPI_nSSEL must be asserted and SleepRq must be de asserted to awaken the module to receive the data This wakes up the module which will then accept the incoming data However data will be queued and not sent until the next DTIM Cyclic sleep mode The module remains associated to the AP and will sleep based on the SP parameter After SP expires the module will awaken for 30 milliseconds to check for data from the AP and to allow the host to send data or commands This time is factored in as part of the overall ST time When data is received or sent within 30 ms the module will remain awake for ST time and any further activity will not restart this time Deep sleep non associated sleep This option allows the Wi Fi circuitry to be powered down resulting in the lowest s
46. avec les types d antenne num r s ci dessous et ayant un gain admissible maximal et l imp dance requise pour chaque type d antenne Les types d antenne non inclus dans cette liste ou dont le gain est sup rieur au gain maximal indiqu sont strictement interdits pour l exploitation de l metteur Detachable Antenna Under Industry Canada regulations this radio transmitter may only operate using an antenna of a type and maximum or lesser gain approved for the transmitter by Industry Canada To reduce potential radio interference to other users the antenna type and its gain should be so chosen that the equivalent isotropically radiated power e i r p is not more than that necessary for successful communication Conform ment a la r glementation d Industrie Canada le pr sent metteur radio peut fonctionner avec une antenne d un type et d un gain maximal ou inf rieur approuv O 2011 Digi International Inc 92 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules pour l metteur par Industrie Canada Dans le but de r duire les risques de brouillage radio lectrique a l intention des autres utilisateurs il faut choisir le type d antenne et son gain de sorte que la puissance isotrope rayonn e quivalente p i r e ne d passe pas l intensit n cessaire al tablissement d une communication satisfaisante Australia C Tick These modules comply with requirements to be used in end products in Australia All products with EMC and radio communications
47. bled 0 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 0 0 0 0 Gw Gateway IP address This command is read only when DHCP is enabled 0 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 0 0 0 0 SH Serial Number High Read the high 16 bits of the module s unique 48 bit O OxFFFFFFFF read only fosei address Serial Number Low Read the low 32 bits of th dule s uni 48 bit SL erial Number Low Read the low its of the module s unique i O OxFFFFFFFF read only omisdt address Node Identifier Stores a string identifier The register only accepts printable NI ASCII data In AT Command Mode a string cannot start with a space A 20 Byte printable ASCII ASCII space carriage return ends the command Command will automatically end when string character 0x20 maximum bytes for the string have been entered DE Destination Port Set Get destination UDP TCP port value O OxEFFF 0x2616 Serial Communication Service Port Set Get port number used to provide the serial communication service Data sent to this port will come out of the co serial port of the module The protocol used is set by the IP command when Pere 0x2616 UART is in transparent mode Device Type Identifier Stores a device type value This value can be used to DD differentiate different XBee based devices Digi reserves the range O 0 OxFFFFFFFF 0x50000 OXFFFFFF Maximum RF Payload Bytes This value returns the maximum number of RF NP payload bytes that can be sent in a transmission Note NP returns a O OxFFFF read only hexadecimal valu
48. blink time If the Associate LED LT functionality is enabled D5 command this value determines the on and off blink 0 0x14 OxFF 200 0 times for the LED when the module has joined a network If LT 0 the default blink 2550 ms rate of 250ms will be used For all other LT values LT is measured in 10ms Pull up Resistor Set read the bit field that configures the internal resistor status for the I O lines 1 specifies the resistor is enabled O specifies no resistor The PD command specifies whether the resistor is pull up or pull down Bits 0 DIO4 Pin 11 1 DIO3 AD3 Pin 17 2 DIO2 AD2 Pin 18 3 DIO1 AD1 Pin 19 4 DIOO ADO Pin 20 PR 5 DIO6 RTS he a O Ox7FFF Ox7FFF 6 DIO8 DTR Sleep Request Pin 9 7 DIN Config Pin 3 8 DIO5 Associate Pin 15 9 DIO9 On Sleep Pin 13 10 DIO12 Pin 4 11 DIO10 PWMO Pin 6 12 DIO11 PWM1 Pin 7 13 DIO7 CTS Pin 12 PD Pull Direction Set Read resistor direction for the corresponding bits set in PR Ifthe O Ox7FFF Ox7FFF bit is not set in PR then PD is unused Analog Voltage Reference Set Read the analog voltage reference This specifies the volts for an analog reading of Ox03ff where a reading of 0x200 indicates a AV voltage input that is half of VREF VREF may be one of these two values 0 1 1 0 1 25Volts 1 2 5 Volts MO PWMO0 Duty cycle Sets the duty cycle of PWMO for PO 2 where a value of 0x200 isa O 0x03FF
49. cecsseeecssececseecesseecsaeccesseceseeeesseeseaeeeeasecsees 43 HA E 44 Quericd Sampling ca iaa ii hea ad A tii 2 45 Periodic I O Sampling A E AN 45 A a E a a a a beak utanaistessdeaeanecaeeia tees 46 General Purpose Flash Memory gt scncese a a a E o a aE 46 2011 Digi International Inc 4 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Accessing General Purpose Flash Memory ssssccccecsesssessesecececsseeseaeseceeecessesssaeeeeeessessesnaaees 46 Working with Flash Memory ie alos a lt dt ees 53 Over the Air Firmware perdes dos 53 Distributing the New Application cccoconooconnnncnnnnnononnnnnoncnnnnnonononnnnnnnnnnnnnonnnnnnnonnnnnononnnnnnnnnnnnnnos 54 Verifying the New ApplicatiON cccococooconnnncnonononoonnnnnnononanononnnnnnnnnnnononnnnnnnnannnnnnr nn nnnnnnnnanannnnnannss 54 Installing the Application ccccccccccccsssssssscecececessessaeseeeeecseseseeaeeeseessesseeaaeeeeeesseeseasaeeeesenseesees 54 THIN GS tO REMEMBER ia A A A Ae a ee ba Re ind Ae 55 TEAR OP erations 3 tec ck cicee A aia since aA ARE aS A RTRT REIA REA EA R EE A T A TR REE 56 API Frame Specifications miii diia 56 APIAU ART and SPI EXchanges ici ecsivesce Socks a t cha heckaeseaspesvadecuattes lode a a a a a 59 AT COMMAS i iceedescceessureceee A A A A AA id 59 Transmitting and Receiving RF Data ccononococcnoncncnonononnnnnoncnnnnananononcnncnnnnannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnononnnnnnncnananonos 59 Remote AT COMMANS aseri saarin ea ct aE a E AEE ARESE EEEN ENA
50. command response of type 0x88 with the above fields in binary format Note that this command is not available as a remote command TP Temperature Read temperature of module in degrees Celsius 40 to 85C CK Configuration Code Read the configuration code associated with the current AT command configuration 2 bytes V Supply Voltage Read supply voltage in millivolt units 3 1 to 3 6V LM Link Margin Reads the received signal strength RSSI in terms of dBm units above sensitivity 0 OxFF 2011 Digi International Inc 80 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules AT Command Options AT Command Name and Description Parameter Range Default Command Mode Timeout Set Read the period of inactivity no valid commands 2 0x1770 x 100 CT received after which the RF module automatically exits AT Command Mode and mel 0x64 100d returns to Idle Mode This time can be up to ten minutes Exit Command Mode Explicitly exit the module from AT Command Mode Whether CN command mode is left by the CN command or by CT timing out changes will be applied upon exit Guard Times Set required period of silence before and after the Command Sequence 2 OxOCE4 x 1 ms B 0x3E8 GT Characters of the AT Command Mode Sequence GT CC GT The period of silence max of 3 3 decimal 10004 is used to prevent inadvertent entrance into AT Command Mode sec Command Mode C
51. connection will be created based on the DL IP address and DE destination port commands However if DL is a broadcast address then UDP will be used ignoring the TCP configuration A network client establishing a TCP connection to the XBee will use the port defined by the CO command When established any data sent by the local host will not create a new connection based on DL and DE but rather the existing connection will be utilized Because API mode has more capabilities both UDP and TCP are supported at the same time The local host will utilize the TX IPv4 transmit frame to send data from the module and will receive data through the RX IPv4 received frame These frames give greater IP control and visibility to the local host See the API section for more information Just like transparent mode when a TCP broadcast is specified it turns into a UDP broadcast 2011 Digi International Inc 38 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules 5 Sleep The XBee Wi Fi module supports two different sleep modes e Pin Sleep e Cyclic Sleep In addition the sleep mode current draw can be modified with the following sleep options e AP Associated Sleep e Deep Sleep Pin sleep allows an external microcontroller to determine when the XBee should sleep and when it should wake by using either the SleepRq pin default or the SPI_nSSEL pin In contrast cyclic sleep allows the sleep period and wake times to be configured through the use of AT commands Th
52. ctors RPSMA RPTNC etc The modules are FCC approved for fixed base station and mobile applications for the channels indicated in the tables below If the antenna is mounted at least 20cm 8 in from nearby persons the application is considered a mobile application Antennas not listed in the table must be tested to comply with FCC Section 15 203 Unique Antenna Connectors and Section 15 247 Emissions XBee Wi Fi Module XBee RF Modules have been tested and approved for use with all the antennas listed in the tables below Cable loss is required when using gain antennas as shown below The antennas in the tables below have been approved for use with this module Digi does not carry all of these antenna variants Contact Digi Sales for available antennas Antennas approved for use with the XBee Wi Fi Module Integrated Antennas Minimum Cable Loss Power Reduction Attenuation Required Min Part Number Type Description Gain Application Separation b mode g mode n mode Integrated PCB antenna 0 dBi Fixed Mobile 20 cm N A N A N A 0 5 29000294 Integral PCB antenna dBi Fixed Mobile 20 cm N A N A N A 1 5 A24 Ql Monopole Integrated Whip dBi Fixed Mobile 20 cm N A N A N A Dipole Antennas Minimum Cable Loss Power Reduction Attenuation Required Min Part Number Type Description Gain Application Separation b mode g mode n mode Dipole Half wave articulated 2 1 A24 HAS
53. d rate parity and stop bits settings on the XBee module can be configured with the BD NB and SB commands respectively See the command table in chapter 10 for details In the rare case that a radio has been configured with the UART disabled the module may be recovered to the UART operation by holding DIN low at reset time As always DIN forces a default configuration on the UART at 9600 baud and it will bring up the module in command mode on the UART port Appropriate commands can then be sent to the module to configure it for UART operation If those parameters are written then the module will come up with the UART enabled as desired on the next reset SPI Communications The XBee Wi Fi module supports SPI communications in the slave mode Slave mode receives the clock signal and data from the master and returns data to the master The SPI port uses the following signals on the XBee e SPI_MOSI Master Out Slave In inputs serial data from the master e SPI_MISO Master In Slave Out outputs serial data to the master e SPI_SCLK Serial Clock clocks data transfers on MOSI and MISO e SPI_nSSEL Slave Select enables serial communication with the slave e SPI_nATTN Attention alerts the master that slave has data queued to send The XBee module will assert this pin as soon as data is available to send to the SPI master and it will remain asserted until the SPI master has clocked out all available data In this mode t
54. d to change the baud rate will not change the actual baud rate until changes are applied Changes can be applied in one of the following ways e The AC Apply Changes command is issued e AT command mode is exited To Exit AT Command Mode 1 Send the ATCN Exit Command Mode command followed by a carriage return OR 2 If no valid AT Commands are received within the time specified by CT Command Mode Timeout Command the RF module automatically returns to Idle Mode For an example of programming the RF module using AT Commands and descriptions of each configurable parameter please see the Command Reference Table chapter Configuration Mode The user may not always know the parameters with which the XBee module is configured If those parameters affect the means by which command mode is entered and the parameters were previously written to non volatile memory then command mode is not available to either read the parameters or to set them to known values This makes configuration of the XBee difficult unless the user can successfully guess the configuration to allow entry into command mode A common example of this problem is when the UART baud rate is unknown In this case the sequence to enter 2011 Digi International Inc 26 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules command mode would not be recognized due to a baud rate mismatch preventing entry into command mode Forcing Entry into Configuration Mode To overcome this issue
55. dB 12 22dB A24 Y18NF Yagi 18 element 15 0 dBi Fixed 2m 0 56dB 11 78dB 13 72dB 2011 Digi International Inc 87 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules If using the RF module in a portable application for example if the module is used in a handheld device and the antenna is less than 20cm from the human body when the device is in operation The integrator is responsible for passing additional SAR Specific Absorption Rate testing based on FCC rules 2 1091 and FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields OET Bulletin and Supplement C The testing results will be submitted to the FCC for approval prior to selling the integrated unit The required SAR testing measures emissions from the module and how they affect the person RF Exposure WARNING To satisfy FCC RF exposure requirements for mobile transmitting devices a separation distance of 20 cm or more should be maintained between the antenna of this device and persons during device operation To ensure compliance operations at closer than this distance are not recommended The antenna used for this transmitter must not be co located in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter The preceding statement must be included as a CAUTION statement in OEM product manuals in order to alert users of FCC RF Exposure compliance 2011 Digi International Inc 88 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Europe ETSI The XBee RF Module has been certified for use in
56. default low 5 Digital output default high D2 DIO2 AD2 Configuration Select Read function for DIO2 AD2 0 Disabled 1 SPI Clock 2 Analog input 3 Digital input monitored 4 Digital output default low 5 Digital output default high D3 DIO3 AD3 Configuration Select Read function for DIO3 AD3 0 Disabled 1 SPI Slave Select 2 Analog input 3 Digital input monitored 4 Digital output default low 5 Digital output default high D4 DIO4 Configuration Select Read function for DIO4 0 Disabled 1 SPI_MOSI 2 Analog input 3 Digital input monitored 4 Digital output default low 5 Digital output default high D5 DIO5 Configuration Select Read function for DIO5 0 Disabled 1 Associated LED 3 Digital input 4 Digital output default low 5 Digital output default high 2011 Digi International Inc 78 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules AT Name and Description Parameter Range Default Command 0 Disabled 1 SleepRq 3 Digital input y A monitored D8 DIO8 Configuration Select Read function for DIO8 4 Digital output 1 default low 5 Digital output default high 0 Disabled 1 On Sleep indicator 3 Digital input D9 DIO9 Configuration Select Read function for DIO9 monitored 1 4 Digital output default low 5 Digital output default high Assoc LED Blink Time Set Read the Associate LED
57. dule parameters on a remote device For parameter changes on the remote device to take effect changes must be applied either by setting the apply changes options bit or by sending an AC command to the remote Example Send a remote command to query the DL register on a remote device In this example the IP address of the remote is 192 168 0 100 Frame Fields Offset Example Description aart O Ox7E Delimiter MSB 1 0x00 Length Number of bytes between the length and the checksum LSB 2 0x0D API Frame Identifier A oe Frame ID 4 0x01 5 0x00 6 0x00 7 0x00 64 Bit 8 0x00 Align IP address to low 32 bits of the field The other bytes Destination set to 0 IP address is in hex The address in this example is El Address 9 OxCO 192 168 0 100 E 10 0xA8 a API Frame lt 11 0x00 Specific Data A 12 0x64 Command 0x02 Apply changes on the remote If not set then the AC E 13 0x02 command must be sent or the last remote command sent Options E must set this option MSB14 0x44 D TAR AT Command Name Two ASCII characters that identify the Command AT command LSB15 Ox4C L If present indicates the requested parameter value to set Parameter A y x the given register If no characters present register is Value a queried rea 16 0x99 OxFF minus the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte 2011 Digi International Inc 64 XBee Wi Fi RF Modu
58. e e g if NP returns 0x54 this is equivalent to 84 bytes O 2011 Digi International Inc 74 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Networking Commands AT Command Name and Description Parameter Range Default SSID Set read the SSID of the access point which may be up to 31 ASCII characters Up to 31 bytes of ID E NULL printable ASCII Network Type Set read network type Network types supported are Infrastructure pain AN using an access point and Adhoc IBSS Sr 2 8 P i 2 Infrastructure iP IP Protocol Set Read the protocol used for the serial communication service This is 0 UDP 0 the port used by the CO command 1 TCP A 5 0 DHCP MA IP Addressing Mode Set read the IP addressing mode er 0 TM TCP timeout Set Read the timeout for connection on TCP client sockets If O socket O OXFFFF x 100 msec 0x64 closes immediately after data sent TCP Server Socket Timeout Set Read the timeout for connection on a TCP server P TS socket This is a socket whose connection was initiated at the other end 0 x000A OxFFFF 0x0258 100 ms 1 minute Security Commands AT Command EE Name and Description Encryption Enable Set Read the encryption enable setting Parameter Range 0 No security 1 WPA 2 WPA2 3 WEP Default PK Security Key Set the security key used for WEP WPA and WPA2 security This command is write only PK cannot be read
59. e MSB 1 0x00 Number of bytes between the length and the 8 LSB 2 Ox0D checksum 3 0x00 4 0x01 0x00 0x00 0x00 2 a 5 0x00 Align IP address to low 32 bits of the field The a IAS other bytes set to 0 IP address is in hex The lt gacie Dere OxCO address in this example is 192 168 0 100 OxA8 0x00 0x64 0x01 Disable ACK 13 0x00 All other bits must be set to 0 Max is 1398 bytes Data will be sent to the XBee 14 0x1516 application service port OxFF minus the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to Checksum OxD9 this byte 2011 Digi International Inc 61 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules AT Command Frame Type 0x08 Used to query or set module parameters on the local device This API command applies changes after executing the command Changes made to module parameters take effect once changes are applied The API example below illustrates an API frame when modifying the NI parameter value of the module Frame Fields Offset Example Description Start Delimiter E QuE fenein 0x00 Number of bytes between the length and the 0x05 checksum 0x08 a x 0x01 z ae ate Ox4E N Command Name Two ASCII characters that identify pecic the AT command Data 0x49 1 If present indicates the requested parameter value to set the given register If no characters present register is queried neck 7 OXSE OxEF minus the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte 2011 Digi Internatio
60. e are three ways to obtain I O samples either locally or remotely e Queried Sampling e Periodic Sampling e Change Detection Sampling IO sample data is formatted as shown in the table below Bytes Name Description 1 Sample Sets Number of sample sets in the packet Always set to 1 Digital IO line on the module bit O DIOO bit 1 DIO1 bit 2 DIO2 bit 3 DIO3 bit 4 DIO4 bit 5 DIOS 2 Digital Channel mask BI 6 DIOS bit 7 DIO7 bit 8 DIO8 bit 9 DIO9 bit 10 DIO10 bit 11 DIO11 bit 12 DIO12 For example a digital channel mask of 0x002F means DIOO 1 2 3 and 5 are enabled as digital IO Indicates which lines have analog inputs enabled for sampling Each bit in the analog channel mask corresponds to one analog input channel e bit 0 ADO 1 Analog Channel Mask e bit 1 AD1 e bit 2 AD2 e bit 3 AD3 e bit 4 AD4 If any digital IO lines are enabled the first two bytes of the data set indicate the state of all enabled digital IO Only digital channels that are enabled in the Digital Channel Mask bytes have any meaning in the sample set If no digital IO is enabled on the device these 2 bytes will Variable Sampled Data Set be omitted Following the digital IO data if any each enabled analog channel will return 2 bytes The data starts with ADO and continues sequentially for each enabled analog input channel up to AD4 The sampled data set will include 2 bytes of
61. e defective product For warranty service return the defective product to Digi International shipping prepaid for prompt repair or replacement The foregoing sets forth the full extent of Digi International s warranties regarding the Product Repair or replacement at Digi International s option is the exclusive remedy THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED AND DIGI SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGI ITS SUPPLIERS OR LICENSORS BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES IN EXCESS OF THE PURCHASE PRICE OF THE PRODUCT FOR ANY LOSS OF USE LOSS OF TIME INCONVENIENCE COMMERCIAL LOSS LOST PROFITS OR SAVINGS OR OTHER INCIDENTAL SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT TO THE FULL EXTENT SUCH MAY BE DISCLAIMED BY LAW SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES THEREFORE THE FOREGOING EXCLUSIONS MAY NOT APPLY IN ALL CASES This warranty provides specific legal rights Other rights which vary from state to state may also apply 2011 Digi International Inc 94 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules 12 Glossary of Terms Definitions Local Host A device which is electrically connected to an XBee Typically this is a microcontroller connected to the serial pins of the module MAC address A unique network identifier All network devices are required to have t
62. e module can stay associated to the access point or can enter a deeper sleep and associate to the access point for each sleep wake occurrence The sleep mode is configurable with the SM and SO commands Besides the four sleep modes mentioned above each of them operate a little differently based on the serial interface UART or SPI Sleeping with the UART When the serial interface is UART the On nSleep pin is used to indicate that the module is entering sleep mode unless pin 13 is configured for a different usage See command reference table If D9 is configured for On nSleep then it is driven low when asleep and high when awake whether using pin sleep or cyclic sleep If CTS hardware flow control is enabled D7 command the CTS pin pin 12 is de asserted high when entering sleep to indicate that serial data should not be sent to the module The module will not respond to serial or RF data when it is sleeping Applications that utilize the UART are encouraged to observe CTS flow control in any of the sleep modes When the XBee wakes from sleep with flow control enabled the CTS pin is asserted low If using pin sleep D8 mapped to XBee pin 9 must be configured for SleepRq See command reference table to put the module to sleep Otherwise there is no sleep at all meaning the module will always stay awake in full power mode When D8 is configured for SleepRa the host should drive pin 9 high to put the module to sleep and the hos
63. e of dividing a message into packets datagrams and reassembling it at the other end Specifically UDP does not provide sequencing of the packets in which the data arrives nor does it guarantee delivery of data This means that the application program that uses UDP must be able to make sure that the entire message has arrived and is in the right order Network applications that want to save processing time because they have very small data units to exchange and therefore very little message reassembling to do may prefer UDP to TCP The Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP uses UDP instead of TCP UDP provides two services not provided by the IP layer It provides port numbers to help distinguish different user requests and optionally a checksum capability to verify that the data arrived intact Wi Fi Protected Access WPA A data encryption user authentication method for 802 11 wireless LANs WPA uses the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP Wired Equivalency Protocol WEP A security algorithm that uses an RC4 stream cipher but which has multiple known flaws WPA See Wi Fi Protected Access WPA2 802 11i WPA with AES based encryption CCMP O 2011 Digi International Inc 96
64. es During those cycles I O samples are taken at the rate specified by IR IR can be sample every sleep 0 which will cause only one sample to be taken cycle 0 Disabled 2 PWMO Output 3 Digital input PO DIO10 Configuration Select Read function for the DIO10 line of the RF module monitored 0 4 Digital output default low 5 Digital output default high 0 Disabled 2 PWM 1 Output 3 Digital input P1 DIO11 Configuration Select Read function for the DIO11 line of the RF module monitored 0 4 Digital output default low 5 Digital output default high 0 Disabled 1 SPI_MISO 3 Digital input P2 DIO12 Configuration Select Read function for the DIO12 line of the RF module monitorea 0 4 Digital output default low 5 Digital output default high 0 Disabled P3 DOUT Enables or disables output on UART port i Enabled 1 0 Disabled P4 DIN Enables or disables input on UART port 1 Enabled 1 O 2011 Digi International Inc 77 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules AT Command DO Name and Description DIOO ADO Configuration Select Read function for DIOO ADO Parameter Range 0 Disabled 2 Analog input 3 Digital input monitored 4 Digital output default low 5 Digital output default high Default D1 DIO1 AD1 Configuration Select Read function for DIO1 AD1 0 Disabled 1 SPI Attention 2 Analog input 3 Digital input monitored 4 Digital output
65. gh so that UART data may be received 4 Atthe OK prompt enter the desired configuration settings If desired configuration settings which were unknown may be read before setting them in this state 5 Write the desired configuration to non volatile memory using the WR command 6 Set up the interface to the XBee to match the configuration just written to non volatile memory 7 Optionally reset the module and then begin operation in the new mode Using X CTU to Enter Configuration Mode X CTU is designed to support a forced configuration on a UART interface following the steps below Currently X CTU will not work over a SPI interface directly 1 Connect an asynchronous serial port of the PC either RS 232 or USB to the development board into which the XBee module is plugged 2 Start X CTU and go to the PC settings tab 2011 Digi International Inc 27 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules ONAN Ss 9 10 11 12 Sleep Mode Set parameters as appropriate on the PC settings tab to match the default configuration previously described Go to the terminal tab and click on the break key This holds the DIN line low Using the development board press the reset button Wait for the OK prompt to be displayed Click to de select the break key so that input can occur on DIN Within ten seconds of seeing the OK prompt enter the desired configuration in AT command mode Enter the WR command to save the parameters to non volat
66. gi International Inc 89 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Restrictions Declarations of Conformity Digi has issued Declarations of Conformity for the XBee RF Modules concerning emissions EMC and safety Files can be obtained by contacting Digi Support Annex Country Restriction Reason remark Annex 3 Band A Wideband Data Transmission systems France Limited implementation by Outdoor use limited to 10 mW e i r p within the band 2454 2483 5 MHz Military Radiolocation use Refarming of the 2 4 GHz has been ongoing in recent years to allow current relaxed regulation Full implementation planned 2012 2400 0 2483 5 MHz Italy For private use a general authorisation is required if WAS RLAN s are used outside own premises For public use a general authorisation is required Norway Implemented This subsection does not apply for the geographical area within a radius of 20 km from the centre of Ny Alesund Russian Federation Limited implementation 1 SRD with FHSS modulation 1 1 Maximum 2 5 mW e i r p 1 2 Maximum 100 mW e i r p Permitted for use SRD for outdoor applications without restriction on installation height only for purposes of gathering telemetry information for automated monitoring and resources accounting systems Permitted to use SRD for other purposes for outdoor applications only when the installation height is not exceeding 10 m above the ground surface 1 3 Maximum 100
67. gital input D1 3 and apply changes to force the IO update The API remote command frame should look like in hex 7E 00 OE 07 01 00 00 00 00 CO A8 01 64 02 44 31 03 BO Where Ox000E length 14 bytes excluding checksum 0x07 Remote Command API frame type 0x01 Frame ID 0x00000000 COA80067 Remote address Pad first 4 bytes with 00 0x02 Apply Changes Remote Command Options 0x4431 AT command D1 2011 Digi International Inc 58 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules OxBO Checksum API UART and SPI Exchanges AT Commands The following image shows the API frame exchange that takes place at the UART or SPI when sending an AT command request to read or set a module parameter The response can be disabled by setting the frame ID to 0 in the request AT Command Request 0x08 or 0x09 AT Command Response 0x88 Transmitting and Receiving RF Data The following image shows the API exchanges that take place at the UART or SPI when sending RF data to another device The transmit status frame is always sent at the end of a data transmission unless the frame ID is set to O in the transmit request If the packet cannot be delivered to the destination the transmit status frame will indicate the cause of failure The received data frame 0x80 or OxBO is set by the AP command Transmit Request 0x00 or 0x20 m gt Received Data OxBO or 0x80 RF Data Transmit Status 0x89 lt Remote AT comm
68. haracter Set read the command mode character used between 0x2B cc guard times of the AT Command Mode Sequence GT CC CC CC GT This O OxFF ASCII sequence allows the module to enter into AT Command Mode Sleep Commands AT Name and Description Parameter Range Default Command 0 No sleep Sleep Mode Sets the sleep mode on the RF module Sleep mode is also affected by 1 Pin sleep SM the SO command option bit 6 See the Sleep chapter for a full explanation of the 4 Cyclic sleep 0 various sleep modes 5 Cyclic sleep pin wake sp Sleep Period This value determines how long the device will sleep at atime up to 24 1 0x83D600 x OxC8 2 seconds hours or 86 400 seconds This corresponds to 0x83d600 in 10ms units 10ms Sleep Options Configure options for sleep Unused option bits should be set to 0 Sleep options include 0x40 Stay associated with AP during sleep Draw more current during sleep with so this option enabled but also awake from sleep more rapidly o O OxO1EF 0x100 Command 0x100 For cyclic sleep ST specifies the time before returning to sleep With this bit set new receptions from either the serial or the RF port will NOT restart the ST timer Current implementation does not support this bit being turned off Wake Host Set Read the wake host timer value If the wake host timer is set to a non zero value this timer specifies a time in millisecond units that the dev
69. he following apply e SPI Clock rates up to 3 5 MHz are possible e Data is MSB first e Frame Format mode 0 is used This means CPOL 0 idle clock is low and CPHA 0 data is sampled on the clock s leading edge Mode 0 is diagramed below e SPI port is setup for API mode and is equivalent to AP 1 Frame Format for SPI communications Frame Format SS S SCLKin EX ie ee ee ae ae ee MOST RX 7 X RXIS X RXI5 X RXI4 X_RXI3 X_RXI2 X RX 1 X RXIO X MISO TX TX TX X TX X TXB X TXIA X Txt X TXO XA SPI mode is chip to chip communication Digi does not supply SPI communication option on the Device Development Evaluation Boards 2011 Digi International Inc 19 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules SPI mode can be forced by holding DIO13 DOUT pin 2 low while resetting the module until SPI_nATTN asserts By this means the XBee Wi Fi module will disable the UART and go straight into SPI communication mode Once configuration is completed a modem status frame is queued by the module to the SPI port which will cause the SPI_nATTN line to assert The host can use this to determine that the SPI port has been configured properly This method internally forces the configuration to provide full SPI support for the following parameters e D1 note this parameter will only be changed if it is at a default of zero when method is invoked e D2 e D3 e D4 e P2 As long as a WR command is not issued these configuration values w
70. he packets and then forwards them individually to the IP program layer Although each packet has the same destination IP address it may get routed differently through the network At the other end the client program in your computer TCP reassembles the individual packets and waits until they have arrived to forward them to you as a single file TCP is known as a connection oriented protocol which means that a connection is established and maintained until such time as the message or messages to be exchanged by the application programs at each end have been exchanged TCP is responsible for ensuring that a message is divided into the packets that IP manages and for reassembling the packets back into the complete message at the other end In the Open 2011 Digi International Inc 95 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Systems Interconnection OSI communication model TCP is in layer 4 the Transport Layer UDP See User Datagram Protocol User Datagram Protocol UDP A communications protocol that offers a limited amount of service when messages are exchanged between computers in a network that uses the Internet Protocol IP UDP is an alternative to the Transmission Control Protocol TCP and together with IP is sometimes referred to as UDP IP Like the Transmission Control Protocol UDP uses the Internet Protocol to actually get a data unit called a datagram from one computer to another Unlike TCP however UDP does not provide the servic
71. heir own unique MAC address The MAC address is on a sticker on your Digi device server The number is displayed as 12 hexadecimal digits usually starting with 00 40 9D Network Client A device which communicates with an XBee through the 802 11 network Static IP address assignment The process of assigning a specific IP address to a device Contrast with assigning a device through Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP or Automatic Private IP Addressing APIPA or Auto IP TCP See Transmission Control Protocol Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP Part of the IEEE 802 11i encryption standard for wireless LANs TKIP is the next generation of the Wired Equivalent Privacy WEP which is used to secure 802 11 wireless LANs TKIP provides per packet key mixing a message integrity check anda re keying mechanism and addresses several design shortcomings of the original WEP Transmission Control Protocol TCP A set of rules protocol used along with the Internet Protocol IP to send data in the form of message units between computers over the Internet While IP handles the actual delivery of the data TCP handles keeping track of the individual units of data called packets that a message is divided into for efficient routing through the Internet For example when an HTML file is sent to you from a Web server the Transmission Control Protocol TCP program layer in that server divides the file into one or more packets numbers t
72. ice WH should allow after waking from sleep before sending data out the UART or O OxFFFF x 1ms 0 transmitting an IO sample If serial characters are received the WH timer is stopped immediately Wake Time Wake time for cyclic modes New data will not refresh the timer Ox1 0x36EE80 ST However if there is data to transmit or receive after ST expires those actions will x 1 ms 0x7D0 occur before the module goes to sleep Max wake time is 3600 seconds SA Association Timeout Time to wait for association before entering deep sleep 0x1 0x36EE80 0x2710 Wakeup from deep sleep is much faster if association occurs before going to sleep x1 ms 10 seconds 2011 Digi International Inc 81 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Execution Commands Where most AT commands set or query register values execution commands cause an action to be executed on the module Execution commands are executed immediately and do not require changes to be applied al Name and Description Parameter Default Range Command Apply Changes Applies changes to all command registers causing queued command register values to be applied For example changing the serial interface rate with the AC BD command will not change the UART interface rate until changes are applied with the AC command The CN command and 0x08 API command frame also apply changes Write Write parameter values to non volatile memory so that parameter WR modifications persist thro
73. ignificant Byte LSB Least Significant Byte Escape characters When sending or receiving a UART data frame specific data values must be escaped flagged so they do not interfere with the data frame sequencing To escape an 2011 Digi International Inc 56 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules interfering data byte insert Ox7D and follow it with the byte to be escaped XOR d with 0x20 Data bytes that need to be escaped e Ox7E Frame Delimiter e 0x7D Escape e 0x11 XON e 0x13 XOFF Example Raw UART Data Frame before escaping interfering bytes Ox7E 0x00 0x02 0x23 0x11 OxCB 0x11 needs to be escaped which results in the following frame 0x7E 0x00 0x02 0x23 0x7D 0x31 OxCB Note In the above example the length of the raw data excluding the checksum is 0x0002 and the checksum of the non escaped data excluding frame delimiter and length is calculated as OxFF 0x23 0x11 OxFF 0x34 OxCB Length The length field has a two byte value that specifies the number of bytes that will be contained in the frame data field It does not include the checksum field Framed Data Frame data of the UART or SPI data frame forms an API specific structure as follows UART or SPI Data Frame amp API specific Structure Start Delintter Length Frame Data Checksum Byte 1 Bytes 23 Bytes 41 Byten 1 The cmdID frame API identifier indicates which API messages will be contained in the cmdData frame Identifier specific data
74. ilation ducts refrigerators and microwave ovens Antennas should reside above or away from any metal objects like batteries tall electrolytic capacitors or metal enclosures Antenna elements radiate perpendicular to the direction they point Thus a vertical antenna emits across the horizon PCB Antennas should not have any ground planes or metal objects above or below the module at the antenna location For best results the module should be in a plastic enclosure instead of metal one It should be placed at the edge of the PCB to which it is mounted The ground power and signal planes should be vacant immediately below the antenna section See the following drawing for recommended keep out area 2011 Digi International Inc 15 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Minimum Keepout Area All PCS Layers 83 8mm RR DOSO OOOO OOSOOSODOOOOOOOO OOOO OOO E O ON OK OND est ohh heh eo A 3 RS No metal in keepout on all layerz Recommended Keepout Area All PCB Layers 411 No metal In keepout on all layerz When possible keep XBee close to edge of board The antenna performance improves with a larger keepout area Notes 1 Non metal enclosures are recommended For metal enclosures an external antenna should be used 2 Metal chassis or mounting structures in the keepout area should be at least 1 inch 2 54 cm from antenna 3 Maximize distance between antenna and metal objects that might be mounted in keepout area 4 These keepout
75. ile memory Go back to the PC settings tab and set up the PC side of the interface as it was just configured on the XBee Optionally reset the XBee module Go to the terminal tab and begin normal transparent operation Sleep modes allow the RF module to enter states of low power consumption when not in use The XBee Wi Fi modules support both pin sleep sleep mode entered on pin transition and cyclic sleep module sleeps for a fixed time For both pin sleep and cyclic sleep the sleep level may be either deep sleep or associated sleep XBee sleep modes are discussed in detail in chapter 5 2011 Digi International Inc 28 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules 3 802 11 bgn Networks Infrastructure Networks The main type of wireless network will involve a number of wireless devices called stations talking through a master wireless device known as an Access Point AP for short This type of setup is called an Infrastructure or BSS Basic Service Set network Most wireless networks are of this type An example of an infrastructure wireless network is shown below Access Point Root Unit a Wired LAN Access Point Bs a A Root Unit A A Infrastructure Wireless Network Ad Hoc Networks Wireless devices can get on a wireless network without an access point This is called an Ad Hoc or IBSS Independent Basic Service Set network An example of an ad hoc wireless network is shown below Ad Hoc Networks a Data Transmiss
76. ill revert back to previous values after a power on reset If a WR command is issued while in SPI mode these same parameters will be written to flash After a reset parameters that were forced and then written to flash become the mode of operation If the UART is disabled and the SPI is enabled in the written configuration then the module will come up in SPI mode without forcing it by holding DOUT low If both the UART and the SPI are enabled at the time of reset then output will go to the UART until the host sends the first input If that first input comes on the SPI port then all subsequent output will go to the SPI port and the UART will be disabled If the first input comes on the UART then all subsequent output will go to the UART and the SPI will be disabled When the slave select SPI_nSSEL signal is asserted by the master SPI transmit data is driven to the output pin SPI_MISO and SPI data is received from the input pin SPI_MOSI The SPI_nSSEL pin has to be asserted to enable the transmit serializer to drive data to the output signal SPI_MISO A falling edge on SPI_nSSEL causes the SPI_MISO line to be tri stated such that another slave device can drive it if so desired If the output buffer is empty the SPI serializer transmits the last valid bit repeatedly which may be either high or low Otherwise the module formats all output in API mode 1 format as described in chapter 7 The attached host is expected to ignore all data that is n
77. in TCP mode UART Flow Control The nRTS and nCTS module pins can be used to provide RTS and or CTS flow control CTS flow control provides an indication to the host to stop sending serial data to the module RTS flow control allows the host to signal the module to not send data in the serial transmit buffer out the UAR RTS and CTS flow control are enabled using the D6 and D7 commands 2011 Digi International Inc 21 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules nCTS Flow Control The FT command allows the user to specify how many bytes of data can be queued up in the serial transmit buffer before the module asserts CTS low The serial receive buffer can hold up the 2100 bytes but FT cannot be set any larger than 2083 bytes leaving 17 bytes that can be sent by the host before the data is dropped By default FT is 2035 0x7F3 which allows the host to send 65 bytes to the module after the module asserts CTS before the data is dropped In either case CTS will not be re asserted until the serial receive buffer has FT 17 or less bytes in use nRTS Flow Control If RTS flow control is enabled D6 command data in the serial transmit buffer will not be sent out the DOUT pin as long as nRTS is de asserted set high The host device should not de assert nRTS for long periods of time to avoid filling the serial transmit buffer If an RF data packet is received and the serial transmit buffer does not have enough space for all of the data bytes the entire
78. ions SS 2011 Digi International Inc 29 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Note that ad hoc networks are point to point and that there can only be two nodes in the network a creator and a joiner Set up the creator first and then the joiner Ad Hoc Creator Set up the following parameters for the creator AH1 designates the node as an Ad hoc creator MA1 specifies static IP addresses No DHCP is supported in Ad Hoc mode EEO specifies no security Security is not available in Ad Hoc mode CH May be any channel from 1 to OxB ID Sets the SSID which is any string of choice as long as it isn t the same as another SSID in the vicinity MY Sets IP address of creator node DL Specifies IP address of joiner node MK Sets IP mask for both of the above addresses Ad Hoc Joiner Set up the following parameters for the joiner AHO designates the node as an Ad hoc joiner MA1 Specifies static IP addresses No DHCP is supported in Ad Hoc mode EEO specifies no security Security is not available in Ad Hoc mode ID Sets the SSID which must match the ID of the creator Problems arise if it matches the SSID of an access point in the vicinity MY Sets IP address of joiner node DL Specifies IP address of creator node MK Sets IP mask for both of the above addresses Network Basics Clients will need to join the wireless network before they can send data across it This is called Association In order for a device to associate it m
79. leep current about 7 uA but at the expense of losing packets received during the time the module is asleep This is because the access point will behave like the module is in full power mode while it is asleep and it will not hold back packets until the module wakes up Pin sleep mode In this mode when SleepRq is asserted the module will power down the Wi Fi circuitry When SleepRgq is de asserted the Wi Fi circuitry is powered up This causes the module to associate to the access point for each wake event If the module was associated when it went to sleep it should be ready to transmit data within about 160 milliseconds of waking up If not a new association could take much longer to complete especially if DHCP is used Cyclic sleep mode In this mode the module will enter and exit sleep based on the SP ST and SA commands SP specifies the sleep time and ST specifies the wake time of the module after it is associated SA specifies the maximum time to wait for association before starting the ST timer If SA expires before the association process completes then the module will sleep anyway When it awakens from this state then it will start the SA timer again to seek to establish association Under normal conditions SA is used for a time out for the first association following reset and ST is used for short wake cycles thereafter To conserve battery power SA should be long enough for association and ST should be as short as possible
80. les Transmit TX request IPv4 Frame Type 0x20 This frame type utilizes the serial data service The frame gives greater control to the application over the IP setting for the data Frame Fields Offset Example Description ay 0 Ox7E Delimiter MSB 1 0x00 Length Number of bytes between the length and the checksum LSB 2 0x11 3 0x20 Set to a value that will be passed back in the Tx Status frame 4 0x01 A O disables the Tx Status frame MSB 5 OxCO 6 OxA8 Use OxFFFFFFFF for broadcast when protocol is UDP The 7 0x00 address in the example is for a destination of 192 168 0 100 8 0x64 MSB 9 0x26 z UDP or TCP port number W LSB 10 0x16 MSB 11 0x26 lt fe Preme UDP or TCP port number Specific Data LSB 12 0x16 13 0x00 O UDP 1 TCP Protocol use for the transmitted data Bit field BIT 1 1 Terminate socket after tx complete 14 0x00 0 Leave socket open use TCP timeout Ignore bit for UDP packets All other bits are reserved and should be 0 15 0x48 H 16 0x65 e 17 Ox6C l Up to 1400 bytes of data 18 Ox6C l 19 Ox6F o Checksum 20 OxA6 OxFF minus the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte 2011 Digi International Inc 65 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Rx Receive Packet 64 bit Frame Type 0x80 This frame type is used by XBee when RF data is received using the XBee application service It allows f
81. ll be interpreted as an actual baud rate When a value above 0x08 is sent the closest interface data rate represented by the number is stored in the BD register BD 1 7 standard baud rates 1 2400 bps 2 4800 3 9600 4 19200 5 38400 6 57600 7 115200 8 230400 0x100 OxE1000 non standard rates up to 921kbps NB Serial Parity Set Read the serial parity setting on the module 0 No parity 1 Even parity 2 Odd parity Stop Bits Set read the number of stop bits for the UART Two stop bits are not AB supported if mark parity is enabled 0 1 stop bit 1 2 stop bits Packetization Timeout Set Read number of character times of inter character silence required before packetization Set RO 0 to transmit characters as they arrive instead of buffering them into one RF packet Regardless of how small RO is the inter character silence required to trigger a transmission of the data is 100 usec RO O OxFF x character times FT Flow Control Threshold De assert CTS when FT bytes are in the UART receive buffer 0x11 0x823 0x7F3 D7 DIO7 Configuration Select Read options for the DIO7 line of the RF module 0 Disabled 1 CTS Flow Control 3 Digital input 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high 6 RS 485 transmit enable low enable 7 RS 485 transmit enable high enable D6 DIO6 Configuration Configure options for the DIO6 line of the RF
82. mW e i r p Indoor applications 2 SRD with DSSS and other than FHSS wideband modulation 2 1 Maximum mean e i r p density is 2 mW MHz Maximum 100 mW e i r p 2 2 Maximum mean e i r p density is 20 mW MHz Maximum 100 mW e i r p Permitted to use SRD for outdoor applications only for purposes of gathering telemetry information for automated monitoring and resources accounting systems or security systems 2 3 Maximum mean e i r p density is 10 mW MHz Maximum 100 mW e i r p Indoor applications Ukraine Limited implementation e i r p 100 mW with built in antenna with amplification factor up to 6 dBi 2011 Digi International Inc 90 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Important Note Digi does not list the entire set of standards that must be met for each country Digi customers assume full responsibility for learning and meeting the required guidelines for each country in their distribution market For more information relating to European compliance of an OEM product incorporating the XBee RF Module contact Digi or refer to the following web sites CEPT ERC 70 03E Technical Requirements European restrictions and general requirements Available at www ero dk R amp TTE Directive Equipment requirements placement on market Available at www ero dk Approved Antennas When integrating high gain antennas European regulations stipulate EIRP power maximums Use the following guidelines to dete
83. mines the destination address of the I O samples DL can be set to transmit to a network client or another XBee Wi Fi module 2011 Digi International Inc 45 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Only modules with API mode enabled for the serial port can send I O data samples out their serial port Network clients will receive the I O data packet as described in the XBee IP Services chapter IR can be used with sleep A module will transmit periodic I O samples at the IR rate until the ST timer expires the SleepRq line is asserted and the device can resume sleeping Even if the IR rate is set longer than the ST defined wake time at least one I O sample will still be sent before the module returns to sleep because it sends one immediately upon wake up If it is not desired that a sample is sent every wake cycle the IF command can be used to configure how many wake cycles should elapse before sending I O samples at the IR rate Change Detection Sampling Modules can be configured to transmit a data sample immediately whenever a monitored digital I O pin changes state The IC command is a bitmask that can be used to set which digital I O lines should be monitored for a state change If one or more bits in IC is set an I O sample will be transmitted as soon as a state change is observed in one of the monitored digital lO lines Change detection samples are transmitted to the IPv4 address specified by DL I O Examples Example 1 Configure the followi
84. module 0 Disabled 1 RTS flow control 3 Digital input 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high I O Settings O 2011 Digi International Inc 76 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules AT Command Name and Description Parameter Range Default IS Force Sample Forces a read of all enabled digital and analog input lines 10 Sample Rate Set Read the IO sample rate to enable periodic sampling For periodic sampling to be enabled IR must be set to a non zero value and at least one IR module pin must have analog or digital IO functionality enabled see DO D8 PO P2 O OXFFFF x 1 ms 0 no sampling commands The sample rate is measured in milliseconds WARNING If IR is set to 1 or 2 the module will not keep up and many samples will be lost IO Digital Change Detection Set Read the digital IO pins to monitor for changes in the IO state IC works with the individual pin configuration commands DO D9 PO P2 Ic If a pin is enabled as a digital input output the IC command can be used to force an O OxFEFF 0 immediate IO sample transmission when the DIO state changes IC is a bitmask that can be used to enable or disable edge detection on individual channels Unused bits should be set to 0 Sample from Sleep Rate The number of sleep cycles that must elapse between 1 OxFF IF periodic I O samples This allows I O samples to be taken only during some wake 1 gives youa 1 cycl
85. module to sync up with beacons sent from the AP which contains the DTIM Delivery Traffic Indication Message The DTIM indicates when broadcast and multicast data will be sent on the network This property is configured on the AP and is typically configured as the number of beacons between each beacon with DTIM The current draw in associated sleep mode varies significantly When the module is awake it draws about 100 mA When it is asleep it draws about 2 mA Total current draw increases when the DTIM rate is higher and it decreases when the DTIM rate is lower on the access point The sleep modes are described as follows with this option enabled Pin sleep mode The module remains associated to the AP and will wake based on the period of the DTIM This wake period will not be seen by the local host unless data has been sent to the module In this case the module will wake by asserting the appropriate I O lines The local UART host is then required to de assert the sleep pin either SleepRq SPI_nSSEL to awaken the module Once the sleep pin is de asserted the module will then send the data to the host The following graph illustrates an example of current draw during associated pin sleep mode where the access point is configured to send a DTIM once a second The higher current draw during DTIMs is lopped off to provide greater precision on the current draw between DTIMs SPI operation is similar except that the radio asserts nATTN when d
86. must have a registered C Tick mark Registration to use the compliance mark will only be accepted from Australian manufacturers or importers or their agent in Australia In order to have a C Tick mark on an end product a company must comply with a or b below a have a company presence in Australia b have a company distributor agent in Australia that will sponsor the importing of the end product Contact Digi for questions related to locating a contact in Australia Japan TELEC These modules comply with requirements to be used in end products in Japan Approved Antennas Table Integral PCB Omni 0 5 7 37 6 87 yes Dipole bec AN2400 37A19BX Omni 2 76 7 37 10 13 yes Dipole bec R AN2400 5701RS Z Omni 3 45 7 37 10 82 yes Wave Monopole Maxstream Omni 1 8 7 37 9 17 yes Y Wave Dipole Nearson S131 AH 2450S Omni 2 7 37 9 37 yes Dipole Pulse W1030 Omni 2 7 37 9 37 yes Dipole Pulse W1049B050 Omni 2 7 37 9 37 E yes Buffalo WLE HG DA Dir 70 9 7 37 16 37 35 135 9 yes 2011 Digi International Inc 93 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules 11 Warranty Information 1 Year Warranty XBee RF Modules from Digi International Inc the Product are warranted against defects in materials and workmanship under normal use for a period of 1 year from the date of purchase In the event of a product failure due to materials or workmanship Digi will repair or replace th
87. n Should be set to ERASE_RESPONSE 0x81 A 1 in the least significant bit indicates an error occurred All other bits are reserved at this time Field Name GPM_CMD_ID GPM_STATUS GPM_BLOCK_NUM GPM_START_INDEX Matches the parameter passed in the request frame The number of bytes in the GPM_DATA field For this command this field will be set to 0 No data bytes should be specified for this command GPM_NUM_BYTES GPM_DATA Example To erase flash block 42 of a target radio with serial number of 0x0013a200407402ac an ERASE packet should be formatted as follows spaces added to delineate fields 7E 001C 11 01 0013A200407402AC FFFE E6 E6 0023 C105 00 CO 01 00 002A 0000 0200 37 Assuming all transmissions were successful the following API packets would be output the source node s serial interface 7E 0007 8B 01 FFFE 00 00 00 76 7E 001A 91 0013A200407402AC FFFE E6 E6 0023 C105 C1 81 00 002A 0000 0000 39 WRITE 0x02 and ERASE_THEN_WRITE 0x03 2011 Digi International Inc 49 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules The WRITE command writes the specified bytes to the GPM location specified Before writing bytes to a GPM block it is important that the bytes have been erased previously The ERASE_THEN_WRITE command performs an ERASE of the entire GPM block specified with the GPM_BLOCK_NUM field prior to doing a WRITE Field Name Command Specific Description GPM_CMD_ID Should be set to WRITE 0
88. n be modified to reflect user preferences NOTE Failure to enter AT Command Mode is most commonly due to baud rate mismatch By default the BD Baud Rate parameter 3 9600 bps To Send AT Commands send AT commands and parameters using the syntax shown below 2011 Digi International Inc 25 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules AT ASCII Space Parameter Carriage Prefix Command optional optional HEX Return AE Example ATBD 7 lt CR gt To read a parameter value stored in the RF module s register omit the parameter field The preceding example would change the RF module baud rate to 7 which would allow operation at 115 200bps To store the new value to non volatile long term memory subsequently send the WR Write command For modified parameter values to persist in the module s registry after a reset changes must be saved to non volatile memory using the WR Write Command Otherwise parameters are restored to previously saved values after the module is reset Command Response When a command is sent to the module the module will parse and execute the command Upon successful execution of a command the module returns an OK message If execution of a command results in an error the module returns an ERROR message Applying Command Changes Any changes made to the configuration command registers through AT commands will not take effect until the changes are applied For example sending the BD comman
89. n no I O line is enabled IS will return nothing If IS is sent locally the I O sample is sent out the UART or SPI port If the IS command was received as a remote command the I O sample is sent over the air to the device that sent the IS command If the IS command is issued in command mode the module returns a carriage return delimited list containing the above listed fields If the IS command is issued in API mode the module returns an API command response packet with the I O data included in the command data portion of the response frame The following table shows an example of the fields in an IS response Example Sample AT Response 0x01 1 sample set OXOCOC Digital Inputs DIO 2 3 10 11 selected 0x03 Analog Inputs A D 0 1 0x0408 Digital input states DIO 3 10 high DIO 2 11 low 0x03DO Analog input ADIO 0 0x3D0 0x0124 Analog input ADIO 1 0x120 Periodic I O Sampling Periodic sampling allows the XBee module to take an I O sample and transmit it to a remote device at a periodic rate The periodic sample rate is set by the IR command If IR is set to O or there are no active I O lines periodic sampling is disabled For all other values of IR data will be sampled after IR milliseconds have elapsed and transmitted to a remote device However the module cannot keep up with transmitting an I O sample more often than every three milliseconds Therefore when IR is set to 1 or 2 many samples are lost The DL command deter
90. nal Inc 62 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules AT Command Queue Parameter Value Frame Type 0x09 This API type allows module parameters to be queried or set In contrast to the AT Command API type new parameter values are queued and not applied until either the AT Command 0x08 API type or the AC Apply Changes command is issued Register queries reading parameter values are returned immediately Example Send a command to change the baud rate BD to 115200 baud but don t apply changes yet Module will continue to operate at the previous baud rate until changes are applied Frame Fields Offset Example Description Start Delimiter 0 Ox7E MSB 1 0x00 Length Number of bytes between the length and the checksum LSB 2 0x05 API Frame Identifier A 0x03 Frame ID 4 0x01 o S L a API Frame a MSB 5 0x42 B Command Name Two ASCII characters that identify the lt Specific Data AT Command AT d LSB6 0x44 D comman If present indicates the requested parameter value to set Parameter Value 7 0x07 the given register If no characters present register is queried Checkaim 8 0x68 ae minus the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this Note In this example the parameter could have been sent as a zero padded 2 byte or 4 byte value 2011 Digi International Inc 63 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Remote AT Command Request Frame Type 0x07 Used to query or set mo
91. nality is accessed through XBee API frames There are remote AT command frames as well as transmission frames The API frames are listed as follows e TX request 64 bit TX64 e RX indicator 64 bit RX64 This frame is generated by the XBee module e Remote AT command General Purpose Memory command TX64 and RX64 API frames The intent of the XBee transmit and receive 64 bit API frames is to provide a standardized set of API frames to use for a point to multipoint network a closed network of XBee Wi Fi modules These frames are compatible with the XBee 802 15 4 module Transmitting data The local host uses the TX64 frame to send data to another XBee using this service When the frame is received through the serial port the XBee converts the contents of the frame to a serial data transfer command as defined by the XBee application service 2011 Digi International Inc 33 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Receiving data A received Serial data transfer command will go to the serial port The mode of the serial port will determine the format of the data When in API mode the data will be sent to the host using the RX 64 bit frame Note It is not recommended to use this service to send data to a network client Use the serial communication service Remote AT command configuration The Remote AT command frame is used to change configuration on a remote XBee See Remote AT command frame in the API Operation chapter for more information
92. ng I O settings on the XBee Configure DIO1 AD1 as a digital input with pull up resistor enabled Configure DIO2 AD2 as an analog input Configure DIO4 as a digital output driving high To configure DIO1 AD1 as an input issue the ATD1 command with a parameter of 3 ATD13 To enable pull up resistors on the same pin the PR command should be issued with bit 3 set e g ATPR8 ATPR1FFF etc The ATD2 command should be issued with a parameter of 2 to enable the analog input ATD22 Finally DIO4 can be set as an output driving high by issuing the ATD4 command with a parameter value of 5 ATD45 After issuing these commands changes must be applied before the module I O pins will be updated to the new states The AC or CN commands can be issued to apply changes e g ATAC General Purpose Flash Memory The XBee Wi Fi RF modules provide 160 4096 byte blocks of flash memory which can be read and written by the user application This memory provides a non volatile data storage area which can be used for a multitude of purposes Some common uses of this data storage include storing logged sensor data buffering firmware upgrade data for a host microcontroller or storing and retrieving data tables needed for calculations performed by a host microcontroller The General Purpose Memory GPM is also used to store a firmware upgrade file for over the air firmware upgrades of the XBee module itself Accessing General Purpose Flash Memory
93. ng compliance of their final product to Part 15 of the FCC Rules IMPORTANT The RF module has been certified for remote and base radio applications If the module will be used for portable applications the device must undergo SAR testing This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged 2011 Digi International Inc 84 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures Re orient or relocate the receiving antenna Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver Connect equipment and receiver to outlets on different circuits or Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help FCC Approved Antennas 2 4 GHz The XBee Wi Fi Module can be installed utilizing antennas and cables constructed with non standard conne
94. nses and module status messages are sent and received from the module using a UART or SPI Data Frame Please note that Digi may add new API frames to future versions of firmware so please build into your software interface the ability to filter out additional API frames with unknown Frame Types API Frame Specifications Two API modes are supported and both can be enabled using the AP API Enable command Use the following AP parameter values to configure the module to operate in a particular mode e AP 1 API Operation e AP 2 API Operation with escaped characters API Operation AP parameter 1 When this API mode is enabled AP 1 the UART or SPI data frame structure is defined as follows UART or SPI Data Frame Structure Start Delimiter Length Frame Data Checksum Byte 1 Bytes 2 3 Bytes 4 n Byte n 1 MSB Most Significant Byte LSB Least Significant Byte Any data received prior to the start delimiter is silently discarded If the frame is not received correctly or if the checksum fails the module will reply with a module status frame indicating the nature of the failure API Operation with Escape Characters AP parameter 2 When this API mode is enabled AP 2 SPI mode is not supported and the UART frame structure is defined as follows UART Data Frame Structure with escape control characters Start Delimiter Frame Data Checksum EE 1 DA 3 eee 4 n EA n 1 Characters EA If Needed MSB Most S
95. ock Then number of bytes in the GPM_DATA field 2 GPM_NUM_BYTES or in the case of a READ the number of bytes 6 requested 8 Varies GPM_DATA Multi byte parameters should be specified with big endian byte ordering When a GPM command is sent to a radio via a unicast the receiving radio will unicast a response back to the requesting radio s source endpoint specified in the request packet No response is sent for broadcast requests If the source endpoint is set to the DIGI_DEVICE endpoint OxE6 or explicit API mode is enabled on the requesting radio then a GPM response will be output as an explicit API RX indicator frame on the requesting node assuming API mode is enabled The format of the response is very similar to the request packet Byte Offset in Number of Payload Bes Field Name General Field Description 0 1 GPM_CMD_ID This field will be the same as the request field 1 GPM_STATUS Status indicating whether the command was 1 successful 2 2 GPM_BLOCK_NUM The block number addressed in the GPM 4 2 GPM_START_INDEX The byte index within the addressed GPM block 6 2 GPM_NUM_BYTES Then number of bytes in the GPM_DATA field 8 Varies GPM_DATA Multi byte parameters should be specified with big endian byte ordering The following commands exist for interacting with GPM PLATFORM_INFO_REQUEST 0x00 O 2011 Digi International Inc 47 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules A PLATF
96. odule configuration parameters on a local e Save and load configuration profiles containing customized settings Contact Digi support for more information about the X CTU Serial Firmware Updates Serial firmware updates make use of the XBee bootloader which ships in all modules This bootloader allows firmware to be updated Normally the running application can be told to invoke the bootloader through a command from X CTU If that command is not available in the currently loaded firmware the bootloader includes a modified entry mechanism using pins 3 9 and 16 DIN DTR and RTS respectively By driving pin 3 low pin 9 low and pin 16 high at the time the module is reset the XBee bootloader is forced to run allowing a new version of firmware to load This method works even when the current firmware version does not support the firmware upgrade feature The X CTU program can update firmware on the XBee module over the UART port but not currently over the SPI port Contact Digi support for details Regulatory Compliance XBee modules are certified for FCC and IC operation on all 11 channels 1 11 allowable and ESTI certified for all 13 channels 1 13 allowable 2011 Digi International Inc 83 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules 10 Agency Certifications United States FCC This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 this device may not cause harmful interference and
97. of 0x0013a200407402ac a FIRMWARE_VERIFY packet should be formatted as follows spaces added to delineate fields 7E 001C 11 01 0013A200407402AC FFFE E6 E6 0023 C105 00 00 05 00 0000 0000 0000 1F Assuming all transmissions were successful and that the firmware image previously loaded into the GPM is valid the following API packets would be output the source node s serial interface 7E 0007 8B 01 FFFE 00 00 00 76 7E 001A 91 0013A200407402AC FFFE E6 E6 0023 C105 C1 85 00 0000 0000 0000 5F Working with Flash Memory When working with the General Purpose Memory the user should be aware of a number of limitations associated with working with flash memory e Flash memory write operations are only capable of changing binary 1 s to binary O s Only the erase operation can change binary O s to binary 1 s For this reason it is usually necessary to erase a flash block before performing a write operation e A flash memory block must be erased in its entirety when performing an erase operation A block cannot be partially erased e Flash memory has a limited lifetime The flash memory on which the GPM is based is rated at 20 000 erase cycles before failure Care must be taken to ensure that the frequency of erase write operations allows for the desired product lifetime Digi s warranty will not cover products whose number of erase cycles has been exceeded e Over the Air firmware upgrades described in the next section require the entire GPM be e
98. ommunications There are different protocols for providing encryption and the XBee Wi Fi module supports WPA WEP and WPA2 Authentication Authentication deals with proving the identity of the wireless device attempting to associate with the network There are different methods of doing this The XBee Wi Fi module supports Open and Shared Key Open Open Authentication is when the access point simply accepts the wireless devices identify without verifying or proving it The benefits to this is simplicity and compatibility all devices can do it Shared Key Shared Key is when the wireless devices must present the proper key to get on the network Although Shared Key has more security than Open Authentication it should not be considered secure One of the benefits of Shared Key Authentication is simplicity Channels The XBee Wi Fi modules operate in the 2 412 2 484 MHz range The frequency range is broken down into 14 channels Data is transmitted on a channel by radio frequencies over a certain frequency range In order to avoid bad performance caused by the overlapping collision of channel frequencies in a wireless LAN environment it is very important that the channels of neighboring access points are selected accordingly The center frequencies of the 14 possible channels range from 2 412 GHz to 2 484 GHz with each channel being 22 MHz wide and centered in 5 MHz intervals This means that only 3 channels 1 6 and 11 in
99. onds which is the minimal idle time required for packetizing packets at any baud rate e The Command Mode Sequence GT CC GT is received Any character buffered in the serial receive buffer before the sequence is packetized and transmitted before command mode is entered e The maximum number of characters that will fit in an RF packet is received API Operation API operation is an alternative to transparent operation The frame based API extends the level to which a host application can interact with the networking capabilities of the module When in API mode all data entering and leaving the UART or SPI is contained in frames that define operations or events within the module Transmit Data Frames received through the DIN pin pin 3 or SPI_MOSI pin 11 include e RF Transmit Data Frame e Local commands equivalent to AT commands e Remote commands to be sent to another radio Receive Data Frames sent out the DOUT pin pin 2 or SPI_MISO pin 4 include e RF received data frames e Local command responses e Remote command responses e O samples from a remote radio e Event notifications such as transmission status reset associate disassociate etc The API provides an alternative means of configuring modules and of routing data at the local host application layer A local host application can send data frames to the module that contain address and payload information instead of using command mode to modify addresses
100. or software compatibility with other XBee modules such as 802 15 4 An example of this frame type is given below Frame Fields Offset Example Description aor F 0 Ox7E Delimiter toon MSB 1 0x00 Number of bytes between the length and the ene LSB 2 0x10 checksum 3 0x80 4 0x00 5 0x00 6 0x00 7 0x00 Align IP address to low 32 bits of the field The other bytes set to 0 IP address is in hex The example uses 8 OxCO address 192 168 0 103 API Frame Specific Data 3 OxAS E 10 0x00 Z 11 0x67 Z 12 Ox2E RSSI in terms of dBm above sensitivity link margin 13 0x00 None currently defined 14 0x48 H 15 0x65 e 16 Ox6C I Up to 1492 bytes of data 17 Ox6C V 18 Ox6F o Checksum 19 Ox8E OxFF the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte O 2011 Digi International Inc XBee Wi Fi RF Modules AT Command Response Frame Type 0x88 In response to an AT Command message the module will send an AT Command Response message Some commands will send back multiple frames for example the AS Active Scan command Example Suppose the BD parameter is changed on the local device with a frame ID of 0x01 If successful parameter was valid the response below would be received Frame Fields Offset Example Description Start Delimiter 9 OIE MSB 1 0x00 Length Number of bytes between the
101. ore eee eas 14 Recommended Pin Connections eeeeeeeecessseceenceceeceeseeeeeaaeceeaceceeeeecaeeeeaaeceeaeeseeeeesaeeneaaeseeaeeee 14 Board OU a even ee ee 15 Mounting Considerations ccccccccccccsssessnsececececesseseeaeseeececessesaaeseeeessesseseaeeeeeeeseesesaaeeeeseesenaes 17 2 REIMOdUuIeO Per ation tt ii aa a dod aac tee e aaa cts 18 Serial COMMUNICATIONS cuca Ade 18 UART COMMUNICATIONS vicio de 18 SPI COMMUNICAUIONS ek aie ee RA tara 19 Serial Butters sec O A BTN Ma ie AA en ai A ae ieee 20 Serial Receive BUFET ici ii lean 21 Serial Transmit Bla ii 21 UARTFloW CONTON nacida 21 Serial Interface Protocols iii 22 Transparent OMAN isa 23 API OperatioM iii A A A Bae ee Bees 23 A Comparison of Transparent and API OperatiON cccccnononocnnononononononanononcnnnnnnnrnnnnnnnnnnanannnnnnnnos 24 Wolo Hole 01111 aE A a sete eee o eo a E 24 dle Moderan a a a a a 24 Transmit Mod Geis a A aaa etter bac Mee a aaia iaai ebata siaii 25 RECEIVE Mode ita aia 25 Command MO de iii a das tata 25 O 2011 Digi International Inc 3 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Configuration Mode ic tc a daa 26 Forcing Entry into Configuration MOdE oooooocccncnncononoonnnnnnonnnnnonononnnnncnnnnnnnonnnnnnnnnnnnnononnnnnnncnnnnnnnos 27 Using X CTU to Enter Configuration MOAe ccccccononoononcnncnonanonononnnnnonnnnnnnnnnonnnnonnnnnenonnnnnnncnnnnnonos 27 Sleep Mode iii a ee 28 3802 11 DEM NetWork ia A AEEA EEA taa 29 Infrastructu
102. ot part of a formatted API frame Serial Buffers The XBee modules maintain buffers to collect received serial and RF data which is illustrated in the figure below The serial receive buffer collects incoming serial characters and holds them until they can be processed The serial transmit buffer collects data that is received via the RF link that will be transmitted out the UART or SPI port 2011 Digi International Inc 20 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Internal Data Flow Diagram DIN or MOSI CTS Antenna Port DOUT or MISO RTS Serial Receive Buffer When serial data enters the RF module through the DIN Pin or the MOSI pin the data is stored in the serial receive buffer until it can be processed Under certain conditions the module may not be able to process data in the serial receive buffer immediately If large amounts of serial data are sent to the module such that the serial receive buffer would overflow then the new data will be discarded If the UART is in use this can be avoided by the host side honoring CTS flow control Serial Transmit Buffer When RF data is received the data is moved into the serial transmit buffer and sent out the UART or SPI port If the serial transmit buffer becomes full and system buffers are also full then the entire RF data packet is dropped Whenever data is received faster than it can be processed and transmitted out the serial port there is a potential of dropping data even
103. ovide indication of IO samples from remote devices transmission diagnostics status messages and local radio status messages Set read configuration commands can be sent to remote devices to configure them Remote Configuration 8 as needed using the API As a general rule of thumb API firmware is recommended when a device e sends RF data to multiple destinations e sends remote configuration commands to manage devices in the network e receives IO samples from remote devices e receives RF data packets from multiple devices and the application needs to know which device sent which packet If the above conditions do not apply e g in a sensor node or a simple application then transparent operation might be suitable It is acceptable to use a mixture of devices running API mode and transparent mode in a network Modes of Operation Idle Mode When not receiving or transmitting data the RF module is in Idle Mode The module shifts into the other modes of operation under the following conditions e Transmit Mode Serial data in the serial receive buffer is ready to be packetized e Receive Mode Valid RF data is received through the antenna e Sleep Mode e Command Mode Command Mode Sequence is issued 2011 Digi International Inc 24 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Transmit Mode When serial data is received and is ready to be packetized the RF module will exit Idle Mode and attempt to transmit the data The destina
104. r this command this field will be set to 0 No data bytes should be specified for this command GPM_NUM_BYTES GPM_DATA Example To write 15 bytes of incrementing data to flash block 22 of a target radio with serial number of 0x0013a200407402ac a WRITE packet should be formatted as follows spaces added to delineate fields 7E 002B 11 01 0013A200407402AC FFFE E6 E6 0023 C105 00 CO 02 00 0016 0000 000F 0102030405060708090A0BOCODOEOF C5 Assuming all transmissions were successful and that flash block 22 was previously erased the following API packets would be output the source node s serial interface 7E 0007 8B 01 FFFE 00 00 00 76 7E 001A 91 0013A200407402AC FFFE E6 E6 0023 C105 C1 82 00 0016 0000 0000 4C READ 0x04 2011 Digi International Inc 50 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules The READ command can be used to read the specified number of bytes from the GPM location specified Data can be queried from only one GPM block per command Field Name Command Specific Description GPM_CMD_ID Should be set to READ 0x04 There are currently no options defined for the ERASE command Set this field to 0 GPM_BLOCK_NUM Set to the index of the GPM block that should be read Set to the byte index within the GPM block where the given data should be read Set to the number of data bytes to be read Only one GPM block can be operated on per command For this reason GPM_START_INDEX GPM_NUM_BYTES cannot be greater
105. rased Any user data stored in the GPM will be lost during an over the air upgrade Over the Air Firmware Upgrades The XBee Wi Fi RF modules provide two methods of updating the firmware on the module Firmware can be updated locally via X CTU a free testing and configuration utility provided by Digi using the radio s serial port interface Firmware can also be updated using the radios RF interface Over the Air Updating The over the air firmware upgrading method provided is a robust and versatile technique which can be tailored to many different networks and applications It has been engineered to be reliable and minimize disruption of normal network operations There are three phases of the over the air upgrade process distributing the new application verifying the new application and installing the new application In the following section the node which will be upgraded will be referred to as the target node The node providing the update information will be referred to as the source node In 2011 Digi International Inc 53 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules most applications the source node will be locally attached to a PC running update software Distributing the New Application The first phase of performing an over the air upgrade on a module is transferring the new firmware file to the target node The new firmware image should be loaded in the target node s GPM prior to installation XBee Wi Fi RF modules use an encrypted binary
106. re NetworkS cescceeeseceesceceeccessneeesaececacecseaeessaeeeeaaececaaessaeeenaeeeeaaeeeeaaesnaeeeeaaeeeeaeesenaeeens 29 AQ HOC NGEtWOFKS 05 te ALS ae A A A A A A A taa 29 NetWork Basilica ascii 30 XBee Wi Fi Standards ci si enccesesiaccideseacauiaseacsdedsans cules canuechsencagensaacidevsansaicotiacsddbsnnedhdeonnesdaveancaudenundeds 30 ENCON A a ee 31 O A O 31 4 XBEC IP Services un a A AAA AAA A A A ee i es 33 XBee Application SV ido 33 Local Hostia a 33 NetWork Cl A A A EEE a a 34 Sending Over the Air Firmware Upgrades oooooocccncccconononnnnnnncnnnnnnnonnnnnnncnnnnnnnonnnnnnncnnnnnononnnnnnnnnnnnnonos 37 Serial Communication SErvera ease aditi aaa daai aiai iid iaaiiai aa eaa daia i ah 38 Transparent A O 38 APM ii 38 A S EE E Tere ats tees oe ata SONO OOO 39 Sleeping with the UART A A E E E E 39 Sleeping with the Plis A A A A A a aa Aa ed A 39 SM OO do 40 AP Associated dei A ts 40 Deep sleep non associated Sleep ccoocooccnonccnnonononnnononannnnnnnnanoccnnnnnncnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnananannnnns 41 Sampling data using sleep Modes ccccccnononooooncnnnnnnanononnnnnnncnnnnnnnonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnonnnnnnnnnnnnnnornnnnnnnnnnnnnnos 42 Sample Rate AIR A A A a a it A a 42 Wake Hostia A A A A tages 42 6 Advanced Application Features ccccccccsssssscccececessesssaeceeecesesseseaeceeeceseeseaaeaeeeescessesaaaeseeeessessessaaees 43 XBee Analog and Digital I O Line ccccccssscccsseceessecess
107. rmine which antennas to design into an application XBee Wi Fi RF Module The following antennas types have been tested and approved for use with the XBee Module XBee Wi FI RF Modules 2010 Digi International Inc 151 Antenna Type Yagi RF module was tested and approved with 15 dBi antenna gain with 1 dB cable loss EIRP Maximum of 14 dBm Any Yagi type antenna with 14 dBi gain or less can be used with no cable loss Antenna Type Omni Directional RF module was tested and approved with 15 dBi antenna gain with 1 dB cable loss EIRP Maximum of 14 dBm Any Omni Directional type antenna with 14 dBi gain or less can be used with no cable loss Antenna Type Flat Panel RF module was tested and approved with 19 dBi antenna gain with 4 8 dB cable loss EIRP Maximum of 14 2 dBm Any Flat Panel type antenna with 14 2 dBi gain or less can be used with no cable loss XBee RF Module The following antennas have been tested and approved for use with the embedded XBee RF Module e Dipole 2 1 dBi Omni directional Articulated RPSMA Digi part number A24 HABSM e PCB Antenna 0 dBi e Wire Whip Antenna 1 5 dBi 2011 Digi International Inc 91 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Canada IC This device complies with Industry Canada licence exempt RSS standard s Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 this device may not cause interference and 2 this device must accept any interference including interference th
108. t should drive pin 9 low to wake up the module Sleeping with the SPI When the serial interface is SPI pin 19 is used as an attention indicator to tell the SPI master when it has data to send Since SPI only operates in API mode it will assert SPI nATTN and send out a modem status indicator after initialization The host can use this to know when the radio is ready to operate as a SPI slave Since the function of pin 2011 Digi International Inc 39 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules 19 is to indicate when the XBee has data to send to the host it may legitimately be driven high or low while the module is awake When using the SPI either SleepRq or SPI_nSSEL may be used for pin sleep If D8 is configured as a peripheral 1 then it will be used for pin sleep If not and SPI_nSSEL is configured as a peripheral which it must be to enable SPI operation then SPI_nSSEL is used for pin sleep Using SPI_nSSEL for pin sleep has the advantage of requiring one less physical pin connection to implement pin sleep on SPI It has the disadvantage of putting the radio to sleep whenever the SPI master negates SPI_nSSEL even if that wasn t the intent Therefore if the user can control SPI_nSSEL whether or not data needs to be transmitted then sharing the pin may be a good option It makes the SleepRq pin available for another purpose or it simply requires one less pin to the SPI interface Sleep Options AP Associated sleep This option allows the
109. tching frequencies above 500 kHz are preferred Power supply ripple should be limited to a maximum 50mV peak to peak Typical start up current for the module is shown in the graph below 2 d a 1 Amplitude A o d 1 0 1 0 05 0 1 I t 1 1 1 j 1 1 1 1 520001 100 000000 200 000000 300 000000 400 000000 500 000000 600 000000 700 000000 800 000000 900 000000 998 47999 Samples 5E 6 s Due to the fast nature of the current peaks it is recommended that at least a 500uF capacitor be placed on the VCC line This will enable the XBee to start up with an acceptable voltage slump in the power supply Recommended Pin Connections The only required pin connections are VCC GND and either DOUT and DIN or SPI_CLK SPI_nSSEL SPI_MOSI and SPI MISO To support serial firmware updates VCC GND DOUT DIN RTS and DTR should be connected All unused pins should be left disconnected All inputs on the radio can be pulled high with 30k internal pull up resistors using the PR software command No specific treatment is needed for unused outputs 2011 Digi International Inc 14 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules For applications that need to ensure the lowest sleep current inputs should never be left floating Use internal or external pull up or pull down resistors or set the unused I O lines to outputs Other pins may be connected to external circuitry for convenience of operation
110. tennas Table iii dotcitd cate odode ve ar lat eii ab tad ota ee 93 TT Warranty ds a ee ee 94 TeV Gar Warranty ida 94 12 Glossary AMAS e dass 95 A O TT 95 O 2011 Digi International Inc 6 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules 1 Overview The XBee Wi Fi RF module provides wireless connectivity to end point devices in 802 11 bgn networks Using the 802 11 feature set these modules are interoperable with other 802 11 bgn devices including devices from other vendors With XBee users can have their 802 11 bgn network up and running in a matter of minutes The XBee Wi Fi modules are compatible with other devices that use 802 11 bgn technology These include Digi external 802 11x devices like the ConnectPort products and the Digi Connect Wi SP as well as embedded products like the ConnectCore series and Digi Connect series of products More information on these Digi products can be found at http www digi com products wireless wifisolutions O 2011 Digi International Inc XBee Wi Fi RF Modules Specifications General Specifications Specification XBee Wi Fi Dimensions 0 960 x 1 297 2 438cm x 3 294cm Operating Temperature 40 to 85 C Industrial PCB Antenna U FL Connector RPSMA Connector or Integrated Wire Antenna Options RF Specifications Specification XBee Wi Fi Frequency ISM 2 4 2 5GHz Number of Channels 14 Channels 1to 14 Adjustable Power Yes Interface immunity
111. th any logic and voltage compatible UART or SPI or through a level translator to any serial device for example through a RS 232 or USB interface board UART Communications UART Data Flow Devices that have a UART interface can connect directly to the pins of the RF module as shown in the figure below System Data Flow Diagram in a UART interfaced environment Low asserted signals distinguished with horizontal line over signal name CMOS Logic 3 1 to 3 6V CMOS Logic 3 1 to 3 6V DIN data in UART Serial Data Data enters the module UART through the DIN pin 3 as an asynchronous serial signal The signal should idle high when no data is being transmitted Each data byte consists of a start bit low 8 data bits least significant bit first and a stop bit high The following figure illustrates the serial bit pattern of data passing through the module UART data packet Ox1F decimal number 31 as transmitted through the RF module Example Data Format is 8 N 1 bits parity of stop bits Least Significant Bit first PS Idle high 1 1 1 1 1 40 0 0 UART Signal Signal 0 VDC Voltage l Start Bit low Stop Bit high e A ________ gt Serial communications depend on the two UARTs the microcontroller s and the RF module s to be configured with compatible settings baud rate parity start bits stop bits data bits O 2011 Digi International Inc 18 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules The UART bau
112. than the GPM block size It is also important to remember that the number of bytes sent in an explicit API frame including the GPM command fields cannot exceed the maximum payload size of the radio The maximum payload size can be queried with the NP AT command GPM_DATA No data bytes should be specified for this command GPM_OPTIONS GPM_START_INDEX GPM_NUM_BYTES READ _RESPONSE 0x84 When a READ command request has been unicast to a node that node will send a response in the following format to the source endpoint specified in the requesting frame Command Specific Description Should be set to READ_RESPONSE 0x84 A 1 in the least significant bit indicates an error occurred All other bits are reserved at this time Field Name GPM_CMD_ID GPM_STATUS GPM_BLOCK_NUM GPM_START_INDEX GPM_NUM_BYTES GPM_DATA Matches the parameter passed in the request frame The number of bytes in the GPM_DATA field The bytes read from the GPM block specified Example To read 15 bytes of previously written data from flash block 22 of a target radio with serial number of 0x0013a200407402ac a READ packet should be formatted as follows spaces added to delineate fields 7E 001C 11 01 0013A200407402AC FFFE E6 E6 0023 C105 00 CO 04 00 0016 0000 000F 3B Assuming all transmissions were successful and that flash block 22 was previously written with incrementing data the following AP
113. the entire ebin file has been uploaded to the GPM of the target node a FIRMWARE_VERIFY_AND_INSTALL command can be issued Once the target receives the command it will verify the ebin file loaded in the GPM If it is found to be valid then the module will install the new firmware This installation process can take up to 8 seconds During the installation the module will be unresponsive to both serial and RF communication To complete the installation the target module will reset AT parameter settings which have not been written to flash using the WR command will be lost Things to Remember e The firmware upgrade process requires that the module resets itself Because of this reset parameters which have not been written to flash will be lost after the reset To avoid this write all parameters with the WR command before doing a firmware upgrade e Because explicit API Tx frames can be addressed to a local node accessible via the SPI or UART or a remote node accessible over the RF port the same process can be used to update firmware on a module in either case 2011 Digi International Inc 55 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules 7 API Operation As an alternative to Transparent Operation API Application Programming Interface Operations are available API operation requires that communication with the module be done through a structured interface data is communicated in frames in a defined order The API specifies how commands command respo
114. tion address determines which node s will receive the data Receive Mode If a valid RF packet is received the data is transferred to the serial transmit buffer Command Mode To modify or read RF Module parameters the module must first enter into Command Mode a state in which incoming serial characters are interpreted as commands Refer to the API Operation chapter for an alternate means of configuring modules which is the only method available for SPI mode Command mode is unavailable when using the SPI interface AT Command Mode To Enter AT Command Mode Send the 3 character command sequence and observe guard times before and after the command characters Refer to the Default AT Command Mode Sequence below Default AT Command Mode Sequence for transition to Command Mode e No characters sent for one second GT Guard Times parameter 0x3E8 e Input three plus characters within one second CC Command Sequence Character parameter 0x2B e No characters sent for one second GT Guard Times parameter 0x3E8 Once the AT command mode sequence has been issued the module sends an OK r out the UART The OK r characters can be delayed if the module has not finished transmitting received serial data When command mode has been entered the command mode timer is started CT command and the module is able to receive AT commands on the UART All of the parameter values in the sequence ca
115. ts an enabled ADC starting 11 0x02 with ADCO at bit 0 This selects ADC1 for analog Command sampling Spediie Pete MSB 12 0x00 This field is only present if at least one DIO line is enabled in the digital mask specified above Each bit LSB 13 0x01 represents a DIO line Start with bit O for DIOO MSB 14 0x02 0x200 indicates that reading is half of VREF For a default VREF of 2 5V 0x200 represents 1 25 volts on LSB 15 0x00 ADC1 in this example Sending Over the Air Firmware Upgrades A network client can also use the XBee IP services to send a firmware upgrade to the module This is done by sending a frame formatted with an application header followed by a GPM header following by GPM data The format of the application header is given above The format of the various GPM headers is given in chapter 6 but each of those GPM headers need to be preceded by an application header The following frame shows an example of the final step of a firmware upgrade process Packet Fields Offset Example Description 0 0x4242 This is an easy number to create an accepted frame 2 0x0000 Number1 Number2 0x4242 This is an easy way to ioe send a frame that software won t reject Application 4 0x00 Header Reserved for later use 0 for now 5 0x00 6 0x00 Indicates Transmission data 7 0x02 Request acknowledgment _CMD_ 8 0x06 Firmware verify and install command 9 0x00 P aa Reserved for later use 0 for now 14 0x0000
116. ugh subsequent resets Note Once WR is issued no additional characters should be sent to the module until after the OK r response is received The WR command should be used sparingly to preserve flash RE Restore Defaults Restore module parameters to factory defaults Software Reset Reset module Responds immediately with an OK status and then AR performs a software reset about 2 seconds later 7 i Network Reset Reset network layer For WiFi this means to disassociate from the access point and set SSID to NULL thereby preventing the node from immediately establishing the same connection with the same access point This also allows the NR active scan command to be executed so that access point candidates can be selected 0 from the resultant list Note that NR and NRO both do the same thing and may be used interchangeably 2011 Digi International Inc 82 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules 9 Module Support This chapter provides customization information for the XBee Wi Fi module In addition to providing an extremely flexible and powerful API the XBee module is a robust development platform that has passed FCC and ETSI testing X CTU Configuration Tool Digi provides a Windows X CTU configuration tool for configuring module parameters and updating firmware The XCTU has the capability to do the following e Update firmware on a local module requires USB or serial connection e Read or write m
117. ust know the following items about the desired wireless network SSID the name of the wireless network Encryption if and how the network encrypts or scrambles its data Authentication how and if the network requires its members to prove their identity Channel what channel frequency range the wireless network uses Once a device is associated it can send and receive data from other associated devices on the same network When the client is done or needs to leave it then can Dis associate and be removed from the wireless network XBee Wi Fi Standards The XBee Wi Fi module will operate in three of the available 802 11 standards 802 11 b 2011 Digi International Inc 30 XBee Wi Fi RF Modules The 802 11b standard was approved in July 1999 and can be considered the second generation 802 11b operates in the 2 4 GHz frequency ISM band The data rate is from 1 to 11 Mbps 802 11 g The 802 11g standard was approved in 2003 It provides a maximum data rate of 54 Mbps In addition the standard is also fully backwards compatible with existing 802 11b wireless networks 802 11 n The 802 11n standard was approved in 2009 It provides for data rates up to 300Mbps The XBee Wi Fi module uses the single stream n mode with 20MHz bandwidth and is capable of 65 Mbps over the air in n mode Encryption Encryption is a method of scrambling a message that makes it unreadable to unwanted parties adding a degree of secure c
118. x02 or ERASE_THEN_WRITE 0x03 GPM_OPTIONS There are currently no options defined for the ERASE command Set this field to 0 GPM_BLOCK_NUM Set to the index of the GPM block that should be written GPM START INDEX Set to the byte index within the GPM block where the given data E should be written Set to the number of bytes specified in the GPM_DATA field Only one GPM block can be operated on per command For this reason GPM_START_INDEX GPM_NUM_BYTES cannot be GPM NUM BYTES greater than the GPM block size It is also important to remember a al that the number of bytes sent in an explicit API frame including the GPM command fields cannot exceed the maximum payload size of the radio The maximum payload size can be queried with the NP AT command GPM_DATA The data to be written WRITE _RESPONSE 0x82 and ERASE_THEN_WRITE_RESPONSE 0x83 When a WRITE or ERASE_THEN_WRITE command request has been unicast to a node that node will send a response in the following format to the source endpoint specified in the requesting frame Field Name Command Specific Description Should be set to WRITE_RESPONSE 0x82 or ERASE_THEN_WRITE_RESPONSE 0x83 A 1 in the least significant bit indicates an error occurred All other bits are reserved at this time GPM_CMD_ID GPM_STATUS GPM_BLOCK_NUM Matches the parameter passed in the request frame GPM_START_INDEX The number of bytes in the GPM_DATA field Fo

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