Home

BioBasis manual - nuuk

1. S9 N N Appendix 4 ARTHROPODS BioBasis Nuuk 2009 Date Observer ime Plot no Sample Snow Pitfall opened Remarks 1 A RP Jo a a a fa fa T O0 T1 IM 0 O S IT ATM JO JO W P gt IT IO lM M IO JO W gt JT Onimo JO W PIP HR A A IP PIP W W Oo WO jv jv V V IN TO IND IN NP IO N Appendix 5A BioBasis Nuuk 2009 Bird nests GPS Date Remarks Photo Z9 55 Appendix 5B BioBasis Nuuk 2009 Date Bird countings Snow bunting Lapland bunting Red poll Northern wheatear Observer State M M M M UK Remarks Other birds Initial Obs Initial Obs Initial Obs Initial Obs Initial Obs Initial Obs Initial Obs Initial Obs Initial Obs Initial Obs Initial Obs Initial Obs Initial Obs When arriving at a new site count the numbers you see within the first 5 min Initial Then start your observation Obs for 5 min If a bird is seen within the Initial period AND the Obs period let it only count in the Obs period A A B B C C D D E E F F G G H H Appendix 6A Bi
2. ONLY TOTAL COUNTS AT PEAK FLOWERING Appendix 3A BioBasis Nuuk 2009 Date EGM 4 A B Record nos Soil moisture Chamber height Observer Time Plot Light Dark Cloud cover Photo 3 1 2 3 Remarks 1C 1SG 1S 1LG 1T 2SG 2LG 2S 2C 2T 3C 3T BSG SLG 3S 4LG 4SG 4S 4T 4C 6S 6SG ec eT 6LG 9 D NN Appendix 3B BioBasis Nuuk 2009 Date Carbon Flux EGM 4 Record nos Soil moisture Chamber height Observer Time Plot Light Dark Cloud cover Photo 1 2 8 4 Remarks 5T 5S 5LG SSG 5C Appendix 3C BioBasis Nuuk 2009 Date SALIX in ITEX PLOTS Observer Plot no Snow Buds M flo wers F flo wers Hairs Fungus Larvae Total Remarks Plot no Snow Buds M flo wers F flo wers Hairs Fun gus Larvae Total Remarks 1C 6T 1SG 6LG 1S 5T 1LG 5S 1T 5LG 2SG SSG 2LG DC 2S 2C 2T ac 3T BSG BLG 3S 4LG 4SG 4S 4T 4C 6S 6SG 6C
3. 1 gt phen amp arthr trap en amp art 1 11012 MT lt ba las Wet 25 Birds Micoartkoood O Flowering phen amp arthr traos _ b6 Floweringphenology amp arhropod east SS b7 Gastu 6 HanvPea TT i 1 J dEewedinagphen amp adhrtrans N Birds Gas flux Flowering phen amp arthr traps G Appendix 2A BioBasis Nuuk 2009 Date SALIX Observer Time Cloud cover Plot no Sample Snow Buds M flowers F flowers Hairs Fungus Larvae Total Remarks 4 COUNT 100 6G AN e Appendix 2B BioBasis Nuuk 2009 Date SILENE Observer Time Cloud cover Plot no Sample Snow Buds Flowers Senescent Total Remarks 1 COUNT 50 Appendix 2C BioBasis Nuuk 2009 Date LOISELEURIA Observer Time Cloud cover Plot no Sample Snow Buds Flowers Senescent Total Remarks 1 COUNT 100 19 ON N Appendix 2D BioBasis Nuuk 2009 Date ERIOPHORUM Observer Time Cloud cover Plot no Sample Snow Buds Flowers Senescent Total Remarks 1
4. CONCEPTUAL DESIGN AND SAMPLING PROCEDURES OF THE BIOLOGICAL PROGRAMME OF NUUKBASIC NERI Technical Reportno 745 2009 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY Blank page CONCEPTUAL DESIGN AND SAMPLING PROCEDURES OF THE BIOLOGICAL PROGRAMME OF NUUKBASIC NERI Technical Report no 745 2009 Peter Aastrup Josephine Nymand Katrine Raundrup Torben L Lauridsen Paul Henning Krogh Niels Martin Schmidt Lotte Illeris3 Helge Ro Poulsen National Environmental Research Institute Aarhus University 2Greenland Institute of Natural Resources 3University of Copenhagen Department of biology L NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OO I AARHUS UNIVERSITY JARPPI Series title and no Title Authors Institutions Publisher URL Year of publication Editing completed Referees Financial support Please cite as Abstract Keywords Layout Cover photo ISBN ISSN electronic Number of pages Internet version Data sheet NERI Technical Report No 745 Conceptual design and sampling procedures of the biological programme of NuukBasic Peter Aastrup Josephine Nymand Katrine Raundrup Torben L Lauridsen Paul Henning Krogh Niels Martin Schmidt Lotte Illeris amp Helge Ro Poulsen National Environmental Research Institute Aarhus University Greenland Institute of Natural Resources University of Cop
5. Next survey of the line is expected in 2012 The location of the line is shown in figure 3 See also Bay et al 2008 Bedrock Bedrock heath Copse Fen Heath Lake River River bed Salt marsh Snow patch Kobbefjord ampsia Juncus trans N Salt marsh transect DO A Main vegetationtransect 64 8 N T 64 8 N o o u A 3 Input of data into database Data from the Raunki r circle analyses are entered into an Access data base with the columns Peg no Plot no Year Month Day Observer Vegetation type species name Raunkizer value Uncertain species identi fications have cfr confer added to indicate the need for further con firmation Fertility is given by Flowering added next to the Raunkiar value Digital pictures are kept at the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources back up server 2 1 2 Reproductive phenology The monitoring consists of weekly counts of buds flowers and senes cent flowers to monitor the proportion of buds flowers and senescent flowers of the species Salix glauca Loiseleuria procumbens and Silene acau lis Species to be monitored Three species Northern willow Salix glauca Blagra pil Trailing azalea Loiseleuria procumbens Kryblyng and Moss campion Silene acaulis Tue limurt e Are commonly found in the area e Cover a spectrum of different growth forms deciduous dwarf shrub evergreen dwar
6. 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Place the insulating material around the samples when all samples are in place in the extractor The insulation around the tubes must be placed carefully so that no soil particles will drop into the cups Connect one temperature sensor in the extractor for regulation of temperature and connect three temperature sensors to a data logger to follow the temperature during the extraction in the benzoic acid liquid just above the mesh and on surface of the soil sample facing the heater Close the extractor Turn on the extractor and press the green start button The extractor will now heat the samples according to this schedule o 30 C for 48 hours o 40 C for 48 hours o 50 C for 48 hours o 60 C for 24 hours terminated manually by switching off the power supply but it may be continued until all the samples are dry on the down facing surface on the mesh The cooling system should ensure that the temperature of the ben zoic acid solution is minimum 4 C and maximum 20 C throughout the extraction Samples with high organic matter such as peat should be divided into two horizons e g the lower 3 and the upper 3 cm and extracted independently The samples may be divided either from the begin ning of the extraction or at the temperature e g 50 C where the up per 2 cm has become completely dry In the latter case the upper 2 3 centimetre is cut off the
7. 1993 Vesteuropas insekter en felth ndbog Gad Goulet H amp J T Huber eds 1993 Hymenoptera of the world An iden tification guide to families Agriculture Canada MacAlpine et al 1981 1987 amp 1989 Manual of nearctic Diptera Vol 1 2 amp 3 Research Branch Agriculture Canada Other Handy PEA with clips Source http hansatech instruments com handyPea htm CO Flux crop scan http www hollandscientific com CC_Handheld html Soil moisture sensor ThetaProbe ThetaProbe Soil Moisture Sensor type ML2x User Manual v1 21 May 1999 Document Code ML2x UM 1 21 can be downloaded from http www delta t co uk support article html article faq2005100703502 EGM EGM 4 Environmental Gas Monitor For CO Operator s Manual Version 4 11 PPSystems 48 pp 57 Appendix Appendix 1 Date May ne Sty 1 1 jAugust CS eptember October 5 5 lAPisedag Gas tux Fo 8 Be IE sissa i O gt 111 s pasia oo en amp art NC IO RN n NNN Birds Total flower counts NV Piili n wem amp arthr traps lt H Flowering phen amp arthr tras Novi transects Gas flux en amp e K2 pri an Ra asa Ps ES Ho Gas flux ake kk _ __ AAA _ _ _ A A 2 A amp arthr traps PR A lux ux weri K1 1 phen amp arthr A 17 PATA as tl VegirK2 A i H8 Reconnaissance trip Lake Ko Po Rarthr traps PS n__n ns po cast OO Handy Pea NDVI transects PRA
8. DOY Time Observation Point Observation period Cloud cover Species Age group Gender Number and Com ments 2 5 Mammals Species to be monitored All mammal species Frequency of sampling Ad hoc continuously during entire field season 64 8 N Equipment e Binoculars 10x e Note book Location and marking of study plot Entire activity area see Figure 2 Sampling method Keep watch for everything with fur Record geographical position flock size sex and age special behaviour etc All personnel must be encour aged to supply observations Input of data into data bases Data are entered into Excel data file named Random Obs and holding the following columns Year Month Day Observer Location GPS position Species Ad Juv and Remarks 2 6 Lakes Physical chemical and biological phytoplankton zooplankton fish and macrophytes parameters 2 6 1 Parameters to be monitored monthly e Ice cover e Water temperature e Water transparency o pH e Conductivity e Chlorophylla e Total nitrogen e Dissolved nitrogen nitrite nitrate and ammonium e Total phosphorus e Dissolved phosphorus phosphate e Dissolved organic carbon DOC e Phytoplankton all taxonomic groups e Zooplankton all taxonomic groups e Submerged macrophytes all taxonomic groups Note only once per year Water samples Frequency of water sampling Five times per year during June from 50 ice cover July A
9. K E Degn H J Geels C Lofstrom P Damgaard C amp Christensen J H 46 s Anvendelse af en feltbaseret metode til bedommelse af biologisk vandlobskvalitet i danske vandlob Af Skriver J Hansen F G Jensen PB Larsen L K amp Larsen S E 42 s Metodeafprovning af passive diffusionsopsamlere til koncentrationsbestemmelse af ammoniak Af Andersen H V Lofstram P Moseholm L Ellerman T amp Nielsen K E 31 s Biologiske beskyttelsesomr der i Nationalparkomradet Nord og Ostgronland Af Aastrup P amp Boertmann D 90 s Danske plantesamfund i moser og enge vegetation kologi s rbarhed og beskyttelse Af Nygaard B Ejrnaes R Baattrup Pedersen A amp Fredshavn J R 144 s Overdrev enge og moser H ndbog i naturtypernes karakteristik og udvikling samt forvaltningen af deres biodiversitet Af Ejrnees R Nygaard B amp Fredshavn J R 76 s Klimatilpasning og den sociale faktor 2009 Af Petersen L K Jensen A amp Nielsen S S 52 s Denmark s National Inventory Report 2009 Emission Inventories 1990 2007 Submitted under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change By Nielsen O K Lyck E Mikkelsen M H Hoffmann L Gyldenkaerne S Winther M Nielsen M Fauser P Thomsen M Plejdrup M S Albrektsen R Hjelgaard K Vesterdal L Moller I S amp Baunbaek L 826 pp Guidelines to environmental impact assessment of seismic activities
10. 2A C The data from the weekly counts of the plots are entered into data files with columns relevant for each species The basic data are Year Month Day Observer Plot e g Sal1 Section sector A B C and D Snow percent in sector Buds ac tual numbers counted not percent Flowers Senescent flowers Total sum of buds flowers and senescent flowers and Remarks Specific col umns for individual species appear from the database files During snow melt in May June percent snow cover in each plot section is estimated at each sampling trip If any plant part is visible above the snow layer the cover is given as 99 If any ground vegetation cover is free no more than 98 can be stated When visiting Silene plots samples of a total of at least 50 flower buds flowers or senescent flowers or capsules with exposed seeds are re corded within each plot section In the Salix and Loiseleuria plots a total of 100 buds flowers and senescent flowers are recorded This is done by 15 Figure 6 Salix glauca buds It is not possible to discriminate be tween male and female flowers at this stage 16 counting the different phenological stages within appropriate group sizes of individuals concomitantly until a total of 50 100 is achieved Be gin to the right in each section and count towards the left Avoid biasing the count by actively selecting a starting point other than the right cor ner In general flower buds are defi
11. Gyrinidae La GYRINIDX Genus 50030000 Hydrophiloidea La HYDROPHX Genus 51010001 Scirtidae La SCIRTIDX Species group 51020000 Psephenidae La PSEPHENX Species 51030000 Elmidae La ELMIDAEX Genus 51040000 Dryopidae La DRYOPIDX Genus 51050000 Chrysomelidae La CHRYSOMX Genus 51060000 Curculionidae La CURCULIX Genus Trichoptera 53000000 TRICHOPT Species 51010000 Hydroptilidae La HYDROPTX Genus 54080000 Limnephilidae La small LIMNEPHX Family Lepidoptera 56000000 LEPIDOPT Species Diptera 57000000 DIPTERA Family 58020200 Chaoborus CHAOBORZ Genus 59000000 Chironomidae CHIRONOX Genus 61010300 Chironomus CHIRONOZ Species group Individuals can be very small in that case they are identified to family level Im Imago La Larvae Isotope samples All isotope samples fish invertebrates plankton periphytes macro phytes are prepared for analyses i e each sample is freeze dried ho 53 54 mogenized and a 5 mg sub sample is weighed in a tin capsule ready for analyses Preparation for analyses is undertaken in Nuuk For analysis they shall be shipped to University of California Davis Stable Isotope Facility One Shields Avenue Mailstop 1 Davis CA 95616 important to make an appointment in advance Equipment for every 5 year field work first year 2008 Fish e Gillnets e Floaters and robe e Sinks and robe e Poles for nets e Buckets for fish e Data forms e Ruler balance e Gear for the isotope sampling see below Sedim
12. W For expla nation of the abbreviations please see text ss 28 The setup consists of 5 treatments each replicated 6 times Control C increased temperature T ITEX hexagons shading S hessian tents long growing season LG removal of snow during spring and short growing season SG addition of snow during spring Temperature is enhanced at T plots by placing hexagonal open top ITEX chambers OTCs see Figure 22 This way temperature is expected to in crease 1 2 C during the growing season for further information see Molau amp Molgaard 1996 The shading treatment S imply erecting dome shaped sack cloth tents over the soil and vegetation causing an ex pected 60 reduction of incoming light See Havstr m et al 1993 Short and long growing season will be implemented by respectively add ing to and removing snow from SG and LG plots during snow melt at the spring causing plants and soils to be exposed earlier LG or later SG than in control plots In each of the 30 plots a metal frame of 35x35 cm has been inserted per manently into the soil The frame is used for weekly measurements of ingoing and outgoing fluxes of CO to the system by the closed chamber technique The metal frames were placed at spots were E nigrum and S glauca dominated the vegetation The metal frame is not to be removed by the end of the season Sampling method The CO flux plots are established as soon as possible early in t
13. investigation of a 75 ha lake 25 0 32 3 40 15 19 38 15 63 11 88 and 8 98 i e a total of 150 observations The relative plant covered area RPA is calculated as follows 25 0 32 3 40 15 19 38 15 63 11 88 8 98 150 27 49 50 This requires that all observations have been made at the same equi distant intervals all over the lake If relatively more observations have been made in dense near shore macrophytes the observations should be weighted before RPA is calculated Laboratory work Before filtering for Chl a absolute conductivity temperature C and pH is measured accuracy 1 pS and 0 1 pH unit respectively This is done in the field For chlorophyll measurements 2 litre in each lake is fil tered exact volume in ml is recorded through a 47 mm GF C filter The filter is folded placed in a test tube wrapped in alufoil put in a zip plas tic bag marked with lake name date and filtered volume ml and frozen 20 C until analyses DOC A 100 ml subsample of the filtered water is kept dark and cold lt 5 C in an acid washed and well rinsed bottle Use gloves to avoid con tamination when handling the water DOC is analysed at the University of Copenhagen Water samples for water chemistry are frozen until analyses Zooplankton and phytoplankton samples are stored in darkness not frozen These samples are send to NERI Silkeborg Aarhus Universitet Danmarks Miljoundersoge
14. sample and discarded provided they are completely dry The sample is removed from the extractor during this operation to ensure that no sample material will drop into the extraction beaker The extraction is stopped manually by turning the power off Check that the samples are dry on the surface facing downwards af ter termination of the pre programmed extraction process If some samples are still wet continue the extraction at 60 C until the sam ples are dry Throw the soil away Brush the nets clean Wash the tubes Add a drop of detergent to all cups in the extractor to reduce the sur face tension of the benzoic acid Take the cups up from the extractor and put lids on If there are or ganisms on the sides of the cups then flush or move them into the benzoic acid with a brush Put all cups with lids on into a heating oven for 24 hours at 50 C The heat and the detergent ensure that all organisms sink to the bot tom Pour the content from each cup into plastic cups and fill with 96 ethanol in a ratio of one part water to two parts of ethanol resulting in approx 70 ethanol If necessary to obtain this proportion divide the sample into two plastic cups Store the samples with lids closed tightly until filtering at NERI or GNIR Draw a graph temperature as a function of time of the extraction in Excel and save it on the server drives The curves are used when evaluating the results 2 3 2 Decomposition Organic material used for
15. to be used in the fen area e 1 lady s stocking per emptying bout e A pair of flat tweezers e 32 plastic containers with lids e 1 5L of 70 ethanol e Small bottle with tip for rinsing the stocking with alcohol e Waterproof speed marker e Disposable syringes for removal of surplus water e Ethanol resistant labels e Pencil e Ethanol resistant speed marker e Data form Appendix 4 note book Location and marking of sampling plots The position of the study plots are shown on Figure 26 Each plot meas ures 10 x 20 m and is made up of eight 5 x 5 m squares marked with metal pegs in each corner Each plot is identified with a number plate and sections with one trap each are lettered A H clockwise from the number plate see figure 27 35 Figure 26 Location of pitfall traps in relation to vegetation type Art1 Empetrum nigrum heath Art2 Fen Art3 Betula nanalSalix glauca heath Art4 Abrasion 36 51 24 W Kobbefjord 64 8 N AN IMM 51 24W 0 0 5 Km p o o N Sampling method A set of eight pitfall traps are established in each plot Each trap is com posed of two plastic cups fitting into each other so that the upper one can be lifted and emptied without disturbing the surrounding soil The traps are positioned randomly within each of the 5 x 5 m2 squares by us ing the table with random numbers see the Microarthropod section The trap is then buried on the nea
16. y 0 m 0 m is the exact position of the iron corner stick with written label An Excel table with random sampling points in clude these coordinates for each subsample The sampling points are sorted according to the x coordinate The random sampling Excel table with x column and y row coordinates include 10 subsamples to be used for the litterbags and of those 8 are used for the microarthropod soil cores For practical reasons the same set of random numbers are used for all 8 plots at each sampling occasion Sampling method 1 The soil auger including two microcosm tubes is closed and ready for use 2 The point of sampling is found using the random sampling table and a measuring tape 3 The soil auger is placed vertically at the sampling point so it touches the soil surface 4 At sites with dense vegetation it may be necessary to use a knife to cut around the soil auger before pushing it down into the soil or peat Take care not to damage the soil peat core 5 Push the soil auger vertically 5 5 cm downwards so that the lowest tube is just filled with soil The soil surface shall level the upper rim of the lowest tube The soil auger is open in the top so that you can follow how the soil appears in the tube The upper tube functions only to fix the lower tube While pushing the soil auger down turn it from side to side thereby avoiding compressing the soil in the tube 6 Tilt the soil auger from side to side loosen the soil core a
17. Nuuk as seen on figure 1 and 2 The local climate is low arctic with a mean annual temperature of 1 4 C and a mean annual precipitation of 752 mm 1961 90 The drain age basin is situated in an alpine landscape with mountains rising up to 1400 meter above sea level and with glacier coverage of approximately 2 km Geologically the area is homogenous with Precambrium gneisses as basement throughout the drainage basin 51 24 W 51 18 W 64 10 N 64 10 N 64 8 N 64 6 N 64 6 N 11 Figure 3 The NERO line The dots show the positions of the pegs and the colour indicate the vegetation zone northeast of the peg Numbering of the pegs starts in the south western cor ner The break in the long black line to the north east marks a steep slope that was not ana lysed by Raunkjaer analyses The short line represents the coastal zone The black square shows the position of the characteristic but rare plant community domi nated by Deschampsia flexuosa and Juncus trifidus which is found on south facing dry slopes The map is based on GPS positions accuracy 5 10 m 12 2 Detailed manual Appendix 1 gives an overview of the activities during the monitoring season in Kobbefjord In the following procedures are described in detail for all monitoring elements 2 1 Plants 2 1 1 The NERO line The NERO line was established in 2007 It is described in detail in Bay et al 2008 http www2 dmu dk Pub FR693 pdf
18. ankton samples The sample is transferred to a white dissection tray and distrib uted evenly Animals are sorted identified and counted to species or ge nus level according to table 5 copepoda and daphnia are not included Most groups are identified For the identification a stereo microscope and 10x magnification is used Table 5 Benthic invertebrates level of identification GROUP NERI no Sub group STADIE CODE Rubin Level of identification Porifera 1000000 PORIFERA Genus Tricladida 6000000 TRICLADI Genus Nematoda 18000000 NEMATODA Bryozoa 76000000 BRYOZOA Genus Prosobranchia 65000000 PROSOBRA Species Pulmonata 64000000 PULMONA Species Schizodonta SCHIZODO Species Heterodonta HETERODO Species 66030100 Pisidium PISIDIUZ Genus Hirudinea 22000001 HIRUDINE Species Oligochaeta 21000000 OLIGOCHA Family Hydracarina 24000001 HYDRACAX Family Aranea ARANEA Species Entomostraca ENTOMOST Genus Malacostraca MALACOST Species 34000001 Ostracoda OSTRACOX Orden 32000001 Cladocera CLADOCER Genus Ephemeroptera 44000001 EPHEMERO Species Zygoptera 46000100 ZYGOPTER Genus Anisoptera 46000200 ANISOPTE Genus Plecoptera 45000000 PLECOPTE Species Heteroptera 47000000 Im HETEROPT Species La HETEROPT Genus 47010000 Corixidae CORIXIDX Species Megaloptera 52000000 MEGALOPT Species Coleoptera 49000000 Im COLEOPTE Species 49020000 Haliplidae La HALIPLIX Genus 49030000 Noteridae La NOTERIDX Genus 49040000 Dytiscidae La DYTISCIX Genus 50010000
19. arency with the Secchi disc and an accuracy of 0 1 m on the sun facing side of the boat Keep the face close to the water sur face lower the disc until it disappears and pull it slowly upwards until it is just visible this is the Secchi depth Take a depth integrated pooled water sample of approx 25 litres from 0 5 m below the surface to approximately 0 5 m above the bottom Start from the top and avoid any sediment in the sample If the lake sediment is dis turbed and occur in the sampler a new sample shall be taken Wait 10 minutes or move the boat away from the first sampling spot Measure the water temperature On the shore stir the water well and take 200 ml water sample for water chemistry a 2 litre sample for Chl a a 50 ml sample for phytoplankton enumeration preserved with 1 ml lugol s solution and a 15 litre 20 um filtered zooplankton sample in a 50 ml bottle preserved with 2 5 ml lugol s solution All sample bottles are kept dark and cold In August Go back to the sampling station and empty the sediment traps see text below in the two plastic bottles At the same time the Tid bit temperature loggers are replaced with new ones with one hour logging intervals one on the buoy 2 m below the surface named lake no 1 and the other one on the sediment trap named lake no 2 The sediment traps are placed in their right positions again The used Tid bits are taken back to the lab and data are downloaded After eac
20. ark Tel 45 8920 1400 Fax 45 8920 1414 National Environmental Research Institute Gren vej 14 Kalo DK 8410 Rende Denmark Tel 45 8920 1700 Fax 45 8920 1514 National Environmental Research Institute Danmarks Miljoundersogelser At NERI s website www neri dk you ll find information regarding ongoing research and development projects Furthermore the website contains a database of publications including scientific articles reports conference contributions etc produced by NERI staff members www neri dk Management Department of Arctic Environment Department of Atmospheric Environment main address Department of Environmental Chemistry and Microbiology Department of Marine Ecology main address Department of Policy Analysis Department of Freshwater Ecology Department of Marine Ecology Department of Terrestrial Ecology Department of Policy Analysis Department of Wildlife Ecology and Biodiversity Nr No 732 731 730 729 728 727 726 724 723 722 721 720 719 718 717 716 715 714 713 712 711 NERI Technical Reports NERI s website www neri dk contains a list of all published technical reports along with other NERI publications All recent reports can be downloaded in electronic format pdf without charge Some of the Danish reports include an English summary 2009 Lokal kvaelstofdeposition og kv lstofindhold i lav Af Andersen H V Nielsen
21. atch from the ladies stocking is now emptied into the 10 ml con tainer by turning the stocking upside down on top of the container Rinse the inverted stocking with ethanol from the tip of the small bottle All remaining invertebrates must be removed carefully from the stocking using tweezers and put into the container Plot number and Section A H are written with an alcohol proof pen on the containers and Date Plot number and Section A H are written on a small water proof piece of paper which is placed in the container 37 Figure 28 Location of plots for microarthropod sampling and litterbags 38 After emptying all traps extra water may be added to the traps to com pensate for evaporation since last round up to 1 needed per station In the middle of each season a little salt and detergent must be added to compensate for loss during the season Bring an extra pair of cups on each round together with equipment for setting up traps in case a trap has been destroyed e g by a fox Any failures such as flooded or floating cups fox faeces etc must be re corded This includes occurrence of fungi in the water In that case a new cup with fresh water salt and detergent must be established Note the full hour of the day when the traps in each plot are emptied At all visits at the arthropod stations during snow melt the snow cover is estimated for each section of the plot Never touch the traps with mosquito repell
22. atkins are counted separately Catkins that have been grazed but can still be sexed are included 23 24 Input of data into database The data from the yearly registrations are entered into Excel data sheets with columns relevant for each of the three species The basic data are Year Month Day Observer Plot Sample Snow cover Total and Re marks Specific columns for individual species appear from the data base 2 1 4 Normalised Difference Vegetation Index NDVI in plots and along the NERO line The progression in the vegetation greenness is followed along the vege tation transect and in the plant phenology plots The monitor measures the spectral reflectance of the plant canopy Species or taxonomic groups to be monitored All vegetation types along the NERO line between VT001 and VT076 All plants in the reproductive plant phenology plots Frequency of sampling Along the NERO line Monthly Plant phenology plots Weekly in connection with the plant phenology censuses Equipment e Map of vegetation transect and plant phenology plot positions e GPS with positions of vegetation transect and phenology plot posi tions e Crop Circle Handheld system A handheld Crop Circle TM ACS 21 0 Plant Canopy Reflectance Sensor which calculates the greening index NDVI http www hollandscientific com CC Handheld html e Notebook e Digital camera Location and marking of sampling plots The NERO line crosses all the dom
23. berg Ecological Operations 6th An nual Report 2000 Danish Polar Center and Minestry of Research and In formation Technology pp 21 22 Bay C 2006 The ZERO line and northern species pp 42 44 in Meltofte H Sigsgaard C and Fredskild B 1996 A phytogeographical study of the vascular flora of West Greenland 62 20 74900 N Meddr Grenland Biosci 45 157 Bay C Aastrup P amp Nymand J 2008 The NERO line A vegetation transect in Kobbefjord West Greenland National Environmental Re search Institute Aarhus University Denmark 40 p NERI Technical Report no 693 http www dmu dk Pub FR693 pdf Fredskild amp Mogensen 1996 ZERO line Final report 1997 Greenland Bo tanical Survey amp Botanical Museum University of Copenhagen 1997 36 PP Havstr m M Callaghan T V and Jonasson S 1993 Differential growth responses of Cassiope tetragona an arctic dwarf shrub to envi ronmental perturbations among three contrasting high and sub arctic sites Oikos 66 pp 389 402 Molau U amp M lgaard P ed 1996 Itex Manual Second edition Dan ish Polar Center 85 pp PP systems 2003 EGM 4 Environmental Gas Monitor for CO2 Version 4 11 48 pp Available at http webh01 ua ac be pleco TECH MANUALS PPS EGM4 EGM4 Operation V411 pdf 5 Suggested Handbooks Arthropods B cher J 2001 Insekter og andre smadyr i Gronlands fjeld og fersk vand Forlaget Atuagkat Chinery M
24. by pegs The species composition of the vegetation zones has been documented by Raunkjeer analyses Immigration of new species is assumed to be documented by the surveys with five year in tervals The concept is also used for the ZERO line in Zackenberg in high arctic North East Greenland Fredskild amp Mogensen 1996 Bay 2001 2006 Movement of zones is documented by the position of pegs while changes in species composition are recorded by Raunkjaer analyses Reproductive phenology It is expected that plant phenology will give an early and distinct re sponse to climate change This has already convincingly been shown in Zackenberg In Nuuk we follow four species Salix glauca Loiseleuria pro cumbens Eriophorum angustifolium only total flowering and Silene acau lis These species were chosen because they are widely distributed in the area and they cover a spectrum of different growth forms deciduous dwarf shrub evergreen dwarf shrub graminoids and cushion forming herb and they are comparable to species monitored in Zackenberg For each species four observation plots were established The specific sites of the plots were chosen in order to cover the ecological amplitude of the species with respect to duration of snow cover difference in soil moisture at the site and altitude The size of each plot varies depending on the abundance of individual flowering shoots of the species in gues tion Total flowering Total flowering i
25. ccording to Taxon and trap section 2 3 Microarthropods and decomposition 2 3 1 Microarthropods Species to be monitored All microarthropods Collembola at species level and mites at order level Frequency of sampling Sampling is performed three times during the season corresponding to spring after snow melt summer and autumn before the snow ap pears Extraction will be very slow in wet samples To avoid this sam pling should be postponed until soil moisture is lower 10 i E 5 o a 0 0 5 10 Column m Eguipment to be used e Map GPS with positions of plots e Soilauger 39 40 e 64 microcosms tubes made of Plexiglas height 5 5 cm diameter 6 cm e 128 pieces DBIdut lids size 89B e Tape measure e Shears e Knifetocutroots etc e Pre printed labels incl Date Plot Id plant community Silene Salix Empetrum Loiseleuria Replicate Id Initials e Transportation boxes Location and marking of study plots The sampling programme consists of collecting microarthropod samples from 4 habitats 2 plots 8 subsamples 3 sampling occasion 192 samples The sampling occasions may coincide with the three litterbag collections if feasible To ensure enough undisturbed sampling points for several years each plot is divided into a meter square grid Fig 2 The coordinates x
26. cipitation 2 4 Birds Monitoring of birds consists of two elements Breeding phenology of small passerines on an ad hoc basis and weekly samplings of bird cen suses at permanent points 2 4 1 Breeding phenology of passerines Species to be monitored The passerine bird species Northern wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe Snow bunting Plectrophenax nivalis Lapland Bunting Carduelis flammea and Common Redpoll Calcarius lapponicus are monitored in the study area indicated in figure 2 and from census points as shown in figure 30 an ta ble 4 Frequency of sampling During June and July on an ad hoc basis Nests of breeding passerines are located ad hoc and the located nests are followed as frequently as possible until the chicks have left the nest Equipment e Binoculars e GPS e Data forms Appendix 5A Notebook Sampling method At all visits at located nests note e Species e Date e Number of eggs chicks e GPS position e Takeclose up photo of the nest and chicks Input of data into database The position of nests is entered into an Excel file named Bird nests xls and holding the following columns Species Date Observer GPS position Number of eggs number of chicks and Remarks 2 4 2 Point sampling The primary objective of this study is to monitor the birds in the Kobbe fjord valley It is however also a very good opportunity to watch for other kinds of wildlife The main focus is on the small passerines Sp
27. cle ACS 210 Sensor Trigger switch Please proceed as follows Insert an empty SD flash card into the card slot Turn on the CropCircle system by pressing the ON OFF button Press the DISP button to select MAP mode Then press OK When ready press LOG and the CropCircle starts to measure NDVI Use the trigger switch also connected to the CropCircle between each subplot A B C and D 6 Turn the CropCircle OFF after each plot in order for the data to be saved on the SD flash card ON Ps EPP Scans are conducted by moving the sensor steadily forward ca 1 meter per second approximately 75 cm above the vegetation This results in a measuring footprint of approximately 10 x 45 cm Refer to the CropCircle manual for more information The sampling order shown in Table 3 must be applied Also always measure all plots in the order A D see Figure 5 At each visit note un der Remarks the presence of snow snow in subplot snow at plot edge and if the vegetation is wet All measurements are conducted only on the AB and the CD sides of the plots Figure 5 Place yourself at the plot number plate just outside the plot Hold the sensor app 50 cm into the subsection at the subsection edge Switch on the NDVI logger switch on the left of the stage and walk slowly approximately 1m per second along the sides indicated by arrows on figure 5 Use the trigger switch to pause the NDVI logger at the next corner of the subsection Repeat the p
28. d in table 2 64 8 N 64 8 N Badeso 850 m Table 2 Positions of plant reproductive phenology plots Species Plot Latitude Longitude Plot dimensions m Eriophorum ERI1 64 1346 51 3837 4 10 angustifolium ERI2 64 1312 51 3873 10 10 ERI3 64 1348 51 3789 12 17 ERI4 64 1333 51 3666 5 9 Salix glauca SAL1 64 1325 51 3729 7 11 SAL2 64 1316 51 3714 8 8 SAL3 64 1337 51 3678 6 9 SALA 64 1374 51 3741 4 5 Silene acaulis SIL4 64 1361 51 3681 5 12 SIL1 64 1328 51 3745 5 5 7 SIL2 64 1364 51 3703 11 11 SIL3 6 4137 51 3736 7 11 Loiseleuria LOI 64 1323 51 3759 1 8 3 85 procumbens LOI2 64 1316 51 3705 1 7 2 95 LOI3 64 1324 51 3708 1 6 2 6 LOI4 64 1328 51 3702 1 6 3 0 14 Figure 5 Lettering of subplots in plant phenology plots The dot indicates the corner with the plot ID Arrows indicate clock wise round direction for NDVI measurements Sampling method The following observations and censuses are entered into the relevant data forms for all plots e Time e Cloud cover e Plot number e Snow cover e Number of buds e Number of flowers catkins note that for Salix both male and female plants can be found in the plots e Number of senescent female flowers catkins with hairs Salix e Number of senescent flowers Loiseleuria and Silene e Total number of flowers Salix Eriophorum Silene and Loiseleuria e Occurrence of larvae fungi etc Data forms are found in Appendix
29. d respiration is measured The ratio is called Net Ecosystem Exchange NEE Species or taxonomic groups to be monitored The vegetation in the ITEX plots which is dominated by Empetrum heath with Salix as subdominant species The reproductive phenology of Salix is followed in all plots Soil moisture is measured in all plots Tempera ture is recorded by TinyTags Frequency of sampling Carbon fluxes are measured weekly All plots should be measured be tween 10 AM and 3 PM and on the same day Equipment e ITEX chambers incl bolts and guy ropes e TinyTag temperature data loggers and sensors e EGM4 see Figure 21 e Plexiglass measuring chamber PMC measuring 33x33x34 cm LxWxH e Theta probe for soil moisture measurements e Black plastic bag adjusted for the PMC e Sticky Tack e External 12V battery e Ruler 27 e Digital watch e Digital camera e Data forms Appendix 3A C Notebook Location and marking of sampling plots 30 plots are situated in a mesic dwarf shrub heath dominated by Em petrum nigrum and with Salix glauca as subdominant species The heath is facing west Figure 19 gives an overview of the site and Figure 20 shows the relative positions of the plots Figure 19 Overview of COo flux plot site with Hessian tents for shading and ITEX hexagons for increasing temperature Figure 20 Detailed map showing the position of the CO chamber plots The position of the midpoint is 64 137 N 51 38
30. ecies to be monitored All bird species and mammals if seen Frequency of sampling Weekly during the entire field season Equipment e Binoculars e Data forms Appendix 5B Notebook Location and marking of sampling plots The observation points are located by GPS see Figure 30 and table 4 Sampling method Record flock size sex and age special behaviour etc Watch for 10 min utes at each point In the records indicate clearly whether the observa tion was done within the first or last five minute period The first period represents birds having been disturbed the latter period represents birds resident in the area 45 Figure 30 Bird census points The field cabin is indicated by the symbol close to the bird census point A 46 Table 4 Positions of bird observation points POINTNAME LAT LONG FUGLA 64 134685 51 385105 FUGLB 64 135155 51 391187 FUGLC 64 134592 51 396234 FUGLD 64 13239 51 39359 FUGLE 64 131052 51 38916 FUGLF 64 129385 51 37833 FUGLG 64 131761 51 379398 FUGLH 64 132669 51 374116 FUGLI 64 134509 51 363874 FUGLJ 64 135639 51 355553 FUGLK 64 133636 51 344558 FUGLL 64 132841 51 336278 FUGLM 64 131031 51 326204 51 24 W Kobbefjord 64 8 N Input of data into databases Number of birds observed at each observation point is entered into an Excel file named Pointobservations xls and holding the following col umns Year Month Day
31. enhagen Department of biology Terrestrial Ecology National Environmental Research Institute O Aarhus University Denmark http www neri dk December 2009 December 2009 Lars Holst Hansen and Jannik Hansen The present project has been funded by the Danish Energy Agency as part of the climate sup port programme to the Arctic The authors are solely responsible for all results and conclusions presented in the report and do not necessary reflect the position of the Danish Energy Agency Aastrup P Nymand J Raundrup K Lauridsen T L Krogh P H Schmidt N M Illeris L amp Ro Poulsen H 2009 NuukBasic Conceptual design and sampling procedures of the biological programme of NuukBasic National Environmental Research Institute Aarhus University 70 pp NERI Technical Report No 745 http www dmu dk Pub FR745 pdf Reproduction permitted provided the source is explicitly acknowledged This manual describes procedures for biologic climate effect monitoring in Kobbefjord Nuuk The monitoring is a part of NuukBasic which is a cross disciplinary ecological monitoring pro gramme in low Arctic West Greenland Biological monitoring comprises the NERO line which is a permanent vegetation transect and monitoring reproductive phenology of Salix glauca Loise leuria procumbens Eriophorum angustifolium and Silene acaulis The progression in vegeta tion greenness is followed along the vegetation transect and in the plant phenology pl
32. ent e Kajak sampler e Sediment cores and rubber stoppers e Equipment to process sediment cores Isotopes e Tweezers scalpels e Rubber gloves e Ethanol and squeeze bottles e Phytoplankton net prefer 11 um net but 20 um is OK e Zooplankton net 140 um e Vertical net for large zooplankton 500 um e Sweep net for invertebrates 500 um e Sorting trays e Plastic vials for invertebrates e Coolers e Vacuum pump and filtering equipment 2 7 Disturbance 2 7 1 Parameters to be monitored Person days spent in the area aircraft activity over the area boat trips to and from the area discharges burning of waste human discharges into the fiord All of these can only be monitored in periods with per sonnel on the station 3 Storage of data Data collected during the season are downloaded at the Greenland Insti tute of Natural Resources when returning to Nuuk All data are typed into or transferred to the specific Excel files immediately At GINR the data on the server are security copied every night along with the general server back up At the end of the season a DVD with a copy of all data is send to the National Environment Research Institute Roskilde for stor age All original data are kept at the servers at GINR Furthermore writ ten material is stored at GINR along with collected specimens until proc essed at the appropriate facilities in Denmark 55 56 4 References Bay C 2001 The ZERO line Zacken
33. ent or suntan oil on your fin gers Ending the season At the termination of the catching season the trap liquid must be col lected from all the traps and poured into the river All the old traps are gathered and the turfs put back into the hollows New traps are estab lished at all stations Arthropod samples are kept at GINR Vegetation type A Empetrum A Loiseleuria A Salix A Silene SSE Kobbefjord A MART5 o 64 8 N 1 64 8 N A MART2 Badeso 0 0 2 km lr Laboratory work None Figure 29 Microarthropods and litterbag sampling grid in 10x10 m plots with grid size 0 5 x 0 5 m Input of data into database After the weekly emptying of the pitfall traps the following data are en tered into a Excel data sheet named Artl 4 Year Month Day DOY Hour Plot Fieldworker Sorting Snow A in the section Snow B Snow C Snow D Snow E Snow F Snow G Snow H Days A trap days since the last emptying of the trap in the section Days B Days C Days D Days E Days F Days G Days H Taxon and Remarks Under Re marks data of opening and closing together with relevant observations about the traps are stated This include any disturbance that may influ ence the efficiency of the traps such as flooding drying out icing dirt faeces and vandalism by mammals or humans After sorting the total number of individuals per group is entered into the Excel data sheets a
34. f shrub and cushion forming herb dwarf shrub e Are comparable to species monitored by BioBasis in Zackenberg There are four plots for each species The size of each plot varies see ta ble 2 depending on the abundance of individual flowering shoots of the species in question Frequency of sampling Censuses of Salix glauca Loiseleuria procumbens and Silene acaulis are made at weekly intervals from May 1 to September 30 depending on the snow cover Total counts of flowers are done once a year at peak flower ing Equipment e Map with position of study plots GPS e Data forms Appendix 2A C Notebook Location and marking of study plots The positions of the 12 study plots are shown in Figure 4 The plots are marked with angle iron pegs in each corner The plots are divided into four sections quarters A B C and D separated by pegs at the centre where the diagonals cross and at the midpoint of each side see Figure 5 The lettering starts at the corner with the plot ID and continues clockwise around the centre Co ordinates dimensions etc appear from table 2 13 Figure 4 The locations of the plant reproductive phenology plots and plots for annual total counts of flowering shoots for Salix glauca SAL1 SAL4 Silene acaulis SIL1 SIL4 and Loise leuria procumbens LOI1 LOI4 Kobbefjord Note that for Eriophorum angusti folium ERI1 ERI4 only total counts of shoots are carried out Coordinates can be foun
35. foam e X number of soil samples e X number of meshes with a mesh size of 1x1 mm e X number of extraction cups e Saturated benzoic 1 ml acid 14 5 g benzoic acid and approx 1 ml de tergent per 5 L e Manual for extractor e Detergent e X number of lids for extraction cups e Incubator e 96 ethanol may be denatured if pure ethanol is not available e Small cups for transportation of extracted organisms in extraction liq uid and ethanol Extraction procedure 1 One day before extraction Start the refrigerator connected to the ex tractor as the samples may not be stored at temperatures higher than DOG 2 At the day of extraction Bring the samples carefully from the storage room to the extraction room 3 Fill all extraction cups with a saturated solution of benzoic acid 14 5 gin 5L 1 ml detergent up to 0 5 cm 4 For each sample Take a tube containing a soil sample Move the la bel from the lid to the extraction cup Carefully remove the upper lid and place the mesh on the tube with the sample 5 Place a suitable cup above the soil sample unit and turn the cup with the sample around 6 Remove the DBldut lid from the bottom and sweep surplus soil down into the cup 7 Place the microcosm tube with a net on an extraction cup with the benzoic acid 8 Pour the surplus soil into the soil sample 9 Carefully place the microcosm tube with the soil surface facing downwards into the extractor 41 42 10 11
36. getation At the time of peak plant growth the chlorophyll a fluo rescence is measured as an indicator of plant health Species or taxonomic groups to be monitored A mesic dwarf shrub heath facing WSW dominated by Empetrum ni grum and with Betula nana and Vaccinium uliginosum as subdominant species Betula nana and Vaccinium uliginosum are measured Frequency of sampling Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves of Betula nana and Vaccinium uliginosum is carried out three times with one week interval at the peak of plant growth week 29 to 31 Equipment e HandyPea fluorimeter PEA Photosynthesis Efficiency Analyzer See figure 23 and further description below e 80 leaf clips e Notebook e Digital camera e Frames with UV B filter Mylar film 0 25 mm with exclusion of UV B e Frames of filter control Teflon film without exclusion of UV B By the end of the field season all equipment at UV plots are taken down and brought back to GNIR The Handy PEA chlorophyll fluorimeter consists of a control unit The chlorophyll fluorescence signal received by the sensor head during re cording is digitised within the Handy PEA control unit Up to 1000 re cordings of between 0 1 300 seconds may be saved in the memory of Handy PEA chlorophyll fluorimeter Saved data can be viewed onscreen but shall be transferred to a computer for storage and further analysis Figure 23 Handy PEA with clips Source http hansa
37. h equidistant distances on the transects Table 1 The first and the last observation point should be close to the shore It is important to ensure that the total open water area is covered Reference points and terminal observation points should be determined with GPS At each observation point water depth total macrophyte coverage and the species taxa are recorded Appendix 6B To describe the abun dance of submerged macrophytes only the total cover of all submerged plants is measured as percentage Macrophytes occurring in scattered or open beds of reeds are also recorded All observations are recorded in the field as in Appendix 6B A table should be filled in for each transect In practice the investigation is undertaken by two persons one conducts all observations degree of total coverage dominating species macro phyte height and water depth The other person follows the transect en ters all observations in a standard data sheet Appendix 6B and saves the co ordinates of all observation points into a GPS unit Observations are made using a water glass estimating coverage in a 2x2 m area or by using the plant rake 2 3 catches in each observation point and estimating the coverage using a 0 5 scale where 0 0 1 20 5 2 gt 5 25 3 gt 25 50 4 gt 50 75 and 5 gt 75 100 Example of basic analyses of data from the transect investigation The following observations were obtained in a transect
38. h sampling the dinghy must be de inflated and stored at Qassi So together with the other sampling gear to prevent damaging due to foxes etc At Badesg the dinghy is taken back to the cabin The outboard is taken back to the cabin laboratory after each sampling Last sampling After the last sampling in October the buoy on the lake surface must be lowered to 2 m depth to prevent ice damage Sediment trap A sediment trap is set up at the main station in August 2007 The trap is emptied during the first and last visit every year Check that lines and anchoring is OK StowAway Tidbit Temp Loggers are replaced every August new Tidbits should log data every 1 hour Vegetation In August submerged vegetation is monitored The method to be used for the macrophyte studies is a transect investigation to obtain a rela tively good overall description of submerged macrophyte distribution density and diversity In each lake approx 15 transects and approx 150 observation points are included If great spatial variability in plant cover occurs more transects may be needed in order to provide an adequate description The transects must run in a straight line from one shore to the other i e including emergent and floating leaved macrophytes The transects should be placed parallel at equidistant intervals to cover the whole lake area i e different degrees of exposure sediment type slope etc should be represented Observation points are placed wit
39. he season make note of the date By the beginning of the season check that the metal frames are level and adjust if needed Do not adjust the metal frames later or in connection with the gas flux measurements The six plexiglas sides of each ITEX hexagon is bolted together in the field and additionally secured with six guy ropes Place a TinyTag tem perature probe app 2cm horizontally into the soil Also place the Tiny Tag logger inside the plot TinyTags are programmed to log the tempera ture every 30 minutes Before each measuring round the EGM must be calibrated to the CO level in the air the level varies between app 365 and 380 ppm Also in the lab replace the old Soda lime in the EGM with fresh Soda lime See the EGM manual for further details PP Systems 2003 Before beginning the gas flux measurements in a plot take a digital or thophoto covering the entire area inside the metal frame take three soil moisture measurements outside the metal frame but inside the plot us ing the ThetaProbe See the ThetaProbe manual for further details and measure the height cm of the upper edge above the ground of the metal frame on the four sides of the frame Measurements of the chamber height is only done three times during the season beginning mid and end of season in order to avoid unnecessary tear on the vegetation Measurement of carbon flux 1 While at the laboratory make sure the EGM4 is set to automatically take a measure
40. i Biobasis Manualen vil lobende blive opdateret p www nuuk basic dk Moniteringen i Biobasis omfatter bl a udvalgte planters re produktive feenologi vegetationens gronhed NDVI CO flux arthro poder mikroarthropoder nedbrydning af organisk materiale fugle samt so okologi Figure 1 The study area 10 1 Introduction The programme is run by the National Environmental Research Institute Aarhus University in cooperation with the Greenland Institute of Natu ral Resources University of Copenhagen and Asiag Greenland Survey BioBasis is funded by the Danish Energy Agency and the Danish Envi ronmental Protection Agency as part of the environmental support pro gramme DANCEA Danish Cooperation for Environment in the Arctic The present manual describes methods and sampling procedures The manual will be updated regularly The latest version can always be found here www nuuk basic dk Nuuk Basic is a climate change effects monitoring programme close to Nuuk in west Greenland The programme studies the effects of climate variability and change on marine and terrestrial ecosystems In terms of scientific concept Nuuk Basic copies the investigations carried out in Zackenberg Basic at Zackenberg Research Station in Northeast Greenland www zackenberg dk 64 12 N 64 10 N 64 8 N 64 6 N 64 4 N Figure 2 Close up of the Bio Basis study area The study area is situated app 20 km east of
41. ic fox was actually observed and there were no new signs like footprints or droppings of caribou In 2008 two caribou were observed at one occasion and fresh foot prints were also observed during the season All observations of mammals will be recorded ad hoc If arctic fox dens are discovered reproduction will be followed Lakes The two sampling lakes are located in the Kobbefjord catchment area in the bottom of Kobbefjord Badeso 64 07 48 N 51 21 23 W and Qassi Se 64 09 11 N 5171818 W Monitoring include ice cover water chemistry physical conditions spe cies composition of plankton vegetation bottom organisms and fish Physical chemical parameters phytoplankton and zooplankton are monitored monthly in the period when the lakes are ice free Resume Nuuk Basic programmet blev startet i 2007 af Danmarks Miljounderso gelser ved Aarhus Universitet i samarbejde med Gronlands Naturinsti tut Kobenhavns Universitet og Asiag Gronlands forundersogelser Programmet finansieres af Energistyrelsen og Miljostyrelsen som en del af Miljostotten til Arktis DANCEA programmet Nuuk Basic dokumen terer og undersoger effekter af klimaaendringer p marine og terrestriske okosystemer og best r at 4 delprogrammer MarinBasis som varetager det marine miljo BioBasis som indsamler biotiske parametre samt Geo basis og KlimaBasis som indsamler abiotiske parametre Denne manual beskriver de metoder og indsamlingsprocedurer der an vendes
42. in Greenland waters By Boertmann D Tougaard J Johansen K amp Mosbech A 38 pp Gronne kommuner Indikatorer til belysning af kommunernes indsats p natur og miljeomr det Af Levin G M nier B Fuglsang M amp Frederiksen P 177 s Seabirds and marine mammals in Northeast Greenland Aerial surveys in spring and summer 2008 By Boertmann D Olsen K amp Nielsen R D 50 pp The eastern Baffin Bay A preliminary strategic environmental impact assessment of hydrocarbon activities in the KANUMAS West area By Boertmann D Mosbech A Schiedek D amp Johansen K eds 238 pp The western Greenland Sea A preliminary strategic environmental impact assessment of hydrocarbon activities in the KANUMAS East area By Boertmann D Mosbech A Schiedek D amp Johansen K eds 246 pp DEVANO Decentral Vand og Naturovervagning Programbeskrivelse 2009 Af Bijl L van der Boutrup S amp Nordemann Jensen P red 34 s Oplandsmodellering af vand og kvaelstof i umaettet zone for oplandet til Horndrup Beek Af Ladekarl U L Jensen R Grant R Blicher Mathiesen G Mejlhede P Olsen B 9 76 s Annual Danish informative inventory report to UNECE Emission inventories from the base year of the protocols to year 2007 By Nielsen O K Winther M Mikkelsen M H Hoffmann L Nielsen M Gyldenkeerne S Fauser P Plejdrup M S Albrektsen R amp Hjelgaard K 498 pp Baseline and monit
43. inating vegetation types found in the study area The NERO line is described in detail in Bay et al 2008 The measurement is carried out 5 m north east of the vegetation transect Surveying rods mark the transect to be scanned Figure 17 gives an im pression of the vegetation greenness in July 2008 Plant phenology plots See Table 3 and Figure 4 Figure 17 The NERO line vegetation greenness Results of NDVI scans July 8 2008 The darker coloured the greener the vegetation 64 8 N VIA Table 3 Sequence of phenology plots and NDVI 64 8 N ERI1 EMP1 ERI2 EMP2 ERI3 EMP3 LOI SIL1 SAL1 SAL2 Lol2 LOI3 LOI4 ERI4 EMP4 SAL3 SIL4 SIL2 SIL3 SAL4 Eriophorum 1 Empetrum 1 Eriophorum 2 Empetrum 2 Eriophorum 3 Empetrum 3 Loiseleuria 1 Silene 1 Salix 1 Salix 2 Loiseleuria 2 Loiseleuria 3 Loiseleuria 4 Eriophorum 4 Empetrum 4 Salix 3 Silene 4 Silene 2 Silene 3 Salix 4 am jr GES Sampling method NDVI is measured by The Crop Circle Handheld System which inte grates a Crop Circle ACS 210 GeoSCOUT GLS 400 and a FieldPAK PS 12 into a single instrument See Figure 18 Data is collected and stored on a SD flash disk 25 Figure 18 Equipment for meas uring NDVI The Crop Circle Handheld System Source http www hollandscientific com CC Handheld html 26 GeoSCO UT GLS 400 FieldPAK PS 12 power supply Crop Cir
44. inium uliginosum as sub dominant species Arthropods Arthropods are sampled by means of yellow pitfall traps The traps are emptied weekly throughout the summer season early June late Sep tember At the time being samples are stored at Greenland Institute of Natural Resources GINR awaiting final decision of the future of the programme Presently there is no financing for determination of the sampled specimens Microarthropods and decomposition Microarthropods are sampled in soil cores from which the organisms are extracted in an extractor by gradually heating up Microorganisms are determined at NERI Dpt of Terrestrial Ecology The rate of decomposition of filter paper is measured in the microarthro pods plots Birds The avifauna is monitored with special emphasis on small passerine birds representing the highest trophic level Breeding phenology first egg dates hatching fledging is monitored throughout the season on an ad hoc basis Weekly counts of birds are carried out at census points during the entire season from May untill all the birds have left the area in August September Other bird observations are recorded ad hoc during the en tire field season Mammals Only few terrestrial mammals occur in the study area Arctic fox Alopex lagopus arctic hare Lepus arcticus and caribou Rangifer tarandus The first year s observations however indicate that mammals are not observed very often In 2007 only arct
45. kept separate 8 buckets Based on the content of the bucket a visual characteristic of the sediment type is recorded silt clay lt 0 06 mm fine sand 0 06 0 6 mm course sand gt 0 6 mm Samples are brought to the laboratory The following day they are filtered as much as possible on a 212 um sieve gravel and plant remains are re moved If animals are not counted at that time the sample must be pre served in 96 ethanol to a final concentration of 70 Samples are kept separate Sediment paleo samples 1 5 sediment cores are sampled from the deepest part of the lake depth gt 80 of maximum depth using the kajak sampler Be careful not to dis turb the sediment cores when unscrewing the core form the sampler When the cores are taken in board there must be a sharp threshold be 51 52 tween the sediment and the water phase If this is not the case it indicates that the core may have tipped over at the bottom and the sample must be replaced On shore surface sediment 0 1 cm from the 5 cores are pooled in a 250 ml plastic jar and marked with lake name date number of cores and depth 0 1 cm Samples are kept cool and dark Samples are analysed at NERI Silkeborg Isotope sampling and analyses Samples of fish see above a Benthic invertebrates Pelagic and littoral invertebrates are kept separate Surface sediment is sampled with a sweep net littoral and in macrophytes or an Ockelmann sledge Samples are ri
46. lots 20 Weekly May October CO Flux Control C 6 plots per Weekly Plot May October Increased temperature T treatment Shading S Hessian tents Long growing season removal of snow LG Short growing season SG addition of snow during spring UVB Control 5 3 Plots Weekly Mylar film 0 25 mm week 29 31 Filter control Teflon Arthropods All Taxonomic groups 4 plots 8 sections Weekly Specimens May October Micro Collembolan species 3 plots 3 times per Specimens June September Arthropods Orbatid and actinedid mites season and others Birds Passerines etc 13 census points Weekly May October Ad hoc Passerines Nests Mammals Ad hoc Lakes Water chemistry Chlorophyll a Two lakes 5 times per June October phytoplankton zooplankton season ice free period Flora Every year Fauna Every 5 year Arctic char Stickleback Isotopes The NERO line The NERO line is a permanent vegetation transect which was established in July 2007 in order to monitor future changes in the distribution and composition of vascular plant species in the plant communities Surveys of the transect will take place with 5 year intervals It is intended to in clude mosses and lichens in the monitoring programme in the following years The concept relies on the assumption that changes in the distribution of plant communities can be seen by changes of boundary lines between vegetation zones Therefore each boundary between vegetation zones has been marked
47. lowers Figure 8 Salix glauca female flowers 17 Figure 9 Senescent Salix glauca female flowers with hairs Fruits infected by sponges yellow and twisted should be recorded separately yet still included in the number for flowers i e the infected fruits appear twice in the data forms Also infections by insects should be recorded Silene Silene acaulis grows in hummocks Figure 10 and one or a few specimens may dominate the sample Therefore several individuals must be sam pled each week Flower buds are reddish or light purple Figure 11 Senescent flowers Figure 12 have wilted petals or appear as empty cups Figure 12 Se nescent flowers are defined as flowers with faded petals and empty pol len anthers 18 Figure 10 Silene acaulis hum mock Figure 11 Silene acaulis flow ers in the foreground and buds scattered in the hummock The buds in the background should be recorded as buds even though they are close to opening as flowers 19 Figure 12 Silene acaulis se nescent flowers in the middle still with wilted petals JA HAN Bud D 4 insects S nestent flowers amp 4 i 4 Loiseleuria Loiseleuria procumbens is a matted shrub with pairs of tiny oblong closely set leaves and abundant clusters of small flowers see Figure 13 In Greenland plants are not taller than 10 cm The plant is creeping much branched mat forming with 2 5 pink bell shaped flo
48. lser So sektionen Vejlsovej 25 8600 Silke borg following the last sampling Equipment for monthly field work e A rubber dinghy with oars outboard and anchor e Pump for the dinghy e Plastic bottles for sediment two per lake only during the first and last visit e A water sampler e 30 litre tub e Zooplankton filter e Plastic funnel for 50 ml zooplankton bottles e Squeeze bottle e 2x50 ml glass bottles including 2 lugols solution for zooplankton and phytoplankton samples e Plastic tubs for water chemistry 200 ml and chlorophyll a 2 litre e Secchi disc e Optic shuttle and Tidbit Coupler for the StowAway Tidbit Temp Logger e Depth sounder with thermometer e Life jacket e Survival suit e Data form Appendix 6A Equipment for annual vegetation sampling e Water glass e Plant rake with robe e Data form Appendix 6B e GPS navigator Equipment for laboratory work e Whatmann GF C filters 47 mm for Chl a if not filtered in the field e Alu foil e Small plastic tubes for Chl a filters e Zipper bags 2 6 2 Parameters to be monitored every 5 year e Fish taxonomic groups population and for isotopes e Macroinvertebrates taxonomic groups abundance and for isotopes e Phytoplankton and zooplankton for isotopes e Sediment paleo analyses of chironomids diatoms and cladocerans Fish In each lake a maximum of 9 1 5 m deep sinking Lundgren biological multi mesh gill nets are used for approx 16 18 hou
49. ment every minute Figure 21 This is done by turn ing on the EGMA press 2SET and then the 5RECD button To change the recording from manual M into automatic A press 1REC When 29 30 the recording type is changed into automatic the time interval 2INT changes from 0 to 1 1 minute by default The time interval can range from 1 to 720 minutes 2 In the field Figure 22 place the HTR 2 probe into the plexiglas measuring chamber PMC connect the probe and the tubes from the probe to the EGM4 in black tube and back from the EGM4 to the PMC out clear tube Seal the entrance to the chamber with sticky tack 3 Turn on the EGM4 and press 1REC for record by pushing button 1 The EGM4 will have to heat up to approximately 50 C it takes ap proximately 5 minutes depending on the surrounding temperature Following the heating up it automatically runs a calibration with the CO in the air 4 When the EGM4 runs the calibration called Counting Zero place the PMC in the metal frame in the first plot to be measured Make sure the PMC handle does not cast a shadow on the HTR 2 probe with the PAR measuring device While measuring gas flux the EGM4 automatically measures the PAR light intensity and the tempera ture in the PMC 5 When the first record is taken turn on the digital watch 6 The EGM4 automatically takes a record every minute Check the digital watch and when 4 minutes have passed equalling 5 meas ureme
50. monitoring Filter paper is generally used for litterbags A batch of litterbags with Salix glauca leaves available at GNIR is positioned together with the filter paper litterbags for the 2009 litterbag study only Frequency of sampling Three times during the season depending on the stage of decomposition Equipment to be used e Map GPS with positions of plots e Litterbags filled with 2 g VWR filter paper corresponding to 4 round pieces of filter paper 9 cm in diameter e Knife e Preprinted labels incl Date Plot Id subsample no x y coordinates plant community Silene Salix Empetrum Loiseleuria Replicate Id Initials e Transportation boxes Litterbags VWR filter paper is used as a surrogate for indigenous litter and filled into litterbags Each litterbag 5 mm mesh and 10 by 10 cm is filled with 2 g of filter paper corresponding to 4 pieces of filter paper 9 cm in di ameter Each plot holds 10 litterbags buried horizontally 3 5 cm into the soil peat Each bag is identified with a unique labelling embossed on a plastic tag and placed inside the closed bag including sampling occasion date habitat plot number subsample no x coordinate meter y coor dinate meter The litterbags are left open in one end for ease of emptying and further processing Marker sticks are used to locate the litterbags at the 3 sampling occasions to ease the idenfication and retrieval When employing a new batch of filter paper the dry
51. n the reproductive phenology plots is followed for Salix glauca Loiseleuria procumbens Eriophorum angustifolium and Silene acaulis The number of flowers is counted at peak flowering as the total number of buds flowers catkins and senescent flowers catkins Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI The progression in vegetation greenness is followed along the vegetation transect and in the plant phenology plots by measuring NDVI with a scanner NDVI is used as an index of plant production and vigorousness The scanner measures the spectral reflectance of the plant canopy CO flux plots The CO flux is important for understanding the balance between CO emission and uptake This study aims at documenting the present state but it will also provide data from manipulations simulating increased temperature increased cloud cover shorter growing season and longer growing season UV B exclusion UV B radiation will increase as a result of the expected depletion of the ozone layer in the atmosphere We monitor the effect of increased UV B radiation on plant stress is monitored indirectly by measuring chloro phyll fluorescence in three series of plots Controls plots with a filter ex cluding UV B and filter controls with film without exclusion of UV B Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence are carried out on Betula nana and Vaccinium uliginosum in a mesic dwarf shrub heath dominated by Empetrum nigrum and with Betula nana and Vacc
52. nected here L Clear plastic tube is connected here Figure 22 Measurement of CO E VEN as dado ne gt flux in an ITEX hexagon open top sa AA Nace AN A Me surito hamber with a measurin E eiie HTR 2 Shave a g gt e chamber PMC chamber PMC fitted with a t A day r be ote HTR 2 probe connected to the a Y hin EGM4 The black plastic bag is Bag for dark used for dark respiration meas 1 urements Laboratory work None Input of data into the database Data are downloaded from the EGM4 using the EGM transfer software and the raw files are saved in a separate folder renamed to include the 31 32 date of the measurements yymmdd dat In Excel data are supple mented with the following columns Year Month Day DOY Hour Min Plot Treatment Light Photo_no Recno Cloud cover Observer Soil moisture Chamber height and Remarks All files are merged into one for one season Download digital pictures and rename them to include plot name and date e g ITEX 1C 090602 Save in a separate folder named Gas Flux Data from TinyTags brought back to the station by the end of the season are downloaded Rename the individual files to include plot name and year e g ITEX 5C 2008 and save in a separate folder named EGM Temperature 2 1 6 UV B exclusion The impact of ambient UV B radiation on the vegetation is studied in a mesic dwarf shrub heath by placing filters approximately 10 cm above the ve
53. ned as flowers not yet open flowers are open giving insects access to the reproductive organs and senescent flowers as flowers that have lost all petals or with all petals almost or fully faded or brown In some of the final stages flower stems from the preceding year may interfere with the counts However such old stems are always dry and stiff stems of this year are soft and fleshy For each species the following sampling procedures apply in particular Salix The sampling unit is catkins not individual flowers Most flowers from one catkin emerge the same day and they also wilt at the same time Hence catkins are recorded as buds Figure 6 when no stigmas or an thers are visible and as male Figure 7 and female Figure 8 flowers as soon as stigmas f or anthers m are visible they are often both red in the early stages but the colour may vary Both senescent flowers and fruits are continued to be recorded as flow ers until they are recorded as having exposed seed hairs Figure 9 from the time of exposure of the first hairs on top of the splitting capsules No tice that fruits may be affected by larvae so that they expose seed hairs from the bottom of the capsules excreta from the larvae are often visible among the seed hairs These capsules must not be recorded as having seed hairs exposed but should be recorded separately In Kobbefjord there is no experience as to this issue yet Figure 7 Salix glauca male f
54. ng increased temperature increased cloud cover shorter growing season and longer growing season The effect of increased UV B radiation on plant stress is studied by measuring chlorophyll fluore scence in three series of plots Arthropods are sampled by means of yellow pitfall traps and in window traps Micro arthropods are sampled in metal cores and extracted in an extractor by gradually heating up soil The rate of decomposition is measured in three habitats The avifauna is monitored with special emphasis on passerine birds Only few terrestrial mammals occur in the study area All observations of mammals will be recorded ad hoc Moni toring in lakes include ice cover water chemistry physical conditions species composition of plankton vegetation bottom organisms and fish Physical chemical parameters phytoplankton and zooplankton are monitored monthly in the period when the lakes are ice free ISBN 978 87 7073 132 4 ISSN 1600 0048
55. nsed as much as possible in the dinghy before being put into bucket several samples from one habitat can be pooled in one bucket qualitative sample On shore the samples are filtered through a 212 um mesh and invertebrates are sorted into groups in small glass jars 5 ml and marked with lake name date b Zooplankton is sampled as two fractions gt 140 pm and gt 500 pm Both nets are pulled after the dinghy until enough materia has been collected Samples are put into 20 ml vials c Phytoplankton A large amount of water is filtered through first a 80 um mesh followed by a 11 um mesh and samples are put into 20 ml vials d Benthic algae The top 5 mm from one sediment core is put into a vial If animals are present they should be removed e Stones Fist large stones are collected in the littoral and epiphytes are scraped into a vial f Periphyton Plants are selected randomly Plants are washed in a 1 li tre jar and periphyton is scraped off The water including the pe riphyton is filtered on a 20 um mesh Animals are removed and the filtrate is put into a vial g Macrophytes A sample is taken of the dominating taxa Periphyton is removed and roots are avoided The sample is put into a vial All samples are kept frozen in small glass jars Keep enough material for 3 replicates of all samples Laboratory work Identifying and counting of benthic invertebrates Samples are shipped to NERI Silkeborg together with the pl
56. nt between spring and autumn When roughly 50 of the original plant material has disappeared from the litterbags in autumn the 3rd set of bags are collected If less than 30 has been decomposed in the au tumn another season may be added to the duration of the decomposi tion period to obtain a higher decomposition rate around 50 Each set of litterbags consists of 4 habitats x 2 replicates x 10 litterbags subsamples 3 sampling occa sions 240 litterbags To check the state of decomposition in addition 10 extra bags are placed at each habitat i e totally 40 to monitor the current level of decomposi tion Only one replicate plot may be chosen for the monitoring purpose Three of the monitor litterbags may be collected corresponding to each sampling occasion and measured before a final date for collection is de cided Decomposition should be terminated when the remaining dry weight is about 30 so the rate of decomposition of the first and second sampling occasion would be about 75 and 50 Laboratory work After collection the filter paper is oven dried in paper bags at 50 C for 24 hours or longer to ensure the mass DW is constant Any mosses li chens fine roots or other plant parts that have grown into the bags should be removed prior to weighing Input of data into database 1 Labelling of the batch of filter paper with batch no date 2 Dry weight of filter paper after decomposition 3 Daily temperatures and pre
57. nt round Input of data into database When all measurements have been completed data must be transferred to a computer by use of the Handy PEA programme Make sure that all data have been transferred to the computer before clearing the memory in the Handy PEA Data are downloaded from the HandyPEA using the PEA Plus software and the raw files are saved in a separate folder named to include the date of the measurements e g yymmdd pcs In Excel data are supple mented with the following columns Year Month Day Observer Spe cies Treatment and File no 2 2 Arthropods Surface living arthropods are captured in yellow pitfall traps Species to be monitored All taxonomic groups of arthropods Frequency of sampling The traps are emptied weekly on fixed dates If bad weather prohibits visits to the fjord or proper handling of the samples the traps may be emptied on the earliest day of convenience Equipment e For field work e GPS e 32 yellow Pantone no 108U plastic cups 10 cm in diameter and 8 cm deep Cups have been placed permanently for the season At the beginning of the season it is checked if all cups are placed properly e 8 window traps e A thermos e A garden trowel with sharp edge e 1x2L container for water e Detergent Odour free detergent Coop Anglemark Bluecare Dish wash concentrated without perfume colour and preservation agent e Salt NaCl without iodine and anti caking agent e 20 Metal pegs
58. nts t 0 1 2 3 4 lift the PMC off the frame Aerate the PMC making sure the CO level returns to that prior to measuring Moni tor the CO concentration on the EGM4 Approximately 15 seconds before the next measure at 5 minutes place the PMC on the frame again and cover it completely with the black plastic bag After yet another 4 minutes lift the PMC and aerate it while walking to the next plot to be measured 7 Since the EGM4 automatically takes a record every minute you have 1 minute or approximately 45 seconds to aerate the PMC between light and dark measurements or to walk between plots 8 The external 12V battery is connected to the EGM4 after approxi mately 2 hours depending on the surrounding temperature 9 When all plots have been measured turn off the EGM4 Measurement of soil moisture Take three measurements in each plot by sticking the sensor into the soil read out the soil moisture and enter data into the form Appendix 3A B Reproductive phenology of Salix Reproductive phenology of Salix glauca is followed in all plots according to the procedure described in section 3 1 Data are entered into the form Appendix 3C Figure 21 Upper figure shows M the EGM4 which is used for measuring CO2 concentrations The lower Figure shows the top of the instrument After turning the EGM 4 on press the 1REC button When connecting the EMG 4 with the PC for data dump use this port HTR 2 probe is con
59. oBasis Nuuk 2009 Lake Observer Date Time Ice cover Cloud cover Wind speed Secchi depth Depth Temperature surface pH Conductivity Remarks App 25 litres of pooled water from 0 5m below the surface to 0 5m above the bottom Samples taken from pooled water to Water chemistry 200ml wrap with tin foil Chl a 1 litre wrap with tin foil Phytoplankton 50ml preserved with 1 ml lugol Zooplankton 15 litre filtred through 20um filter into 50ml bottle with 2 5ml lugol pH and conductivity are measured on the pooled water 69 depth m temperature C Appendix 6B Data sheet used to record submerged macrophytes on a transect Country Cloud cover x 8 Wind speed m sec Lake Position UTM Datum Date Transect no as VE Dominant species Total Height Depth coverage m m Species list 01 00 2 3 04 00 5 6 07 00 NERI DMU National Environmental Research Institute NERI is a part of Aarhus University NERI undertakes research monitoring and consultancy within environment and nature Further information National Environmental Research Institute Frederiksborgvej 399 PO Box 358 DK 4000 Roskilde Denmark Tel 45 4630 1200 Fax 45 4630 1114 National Environmental Research Institute Vejlsovej 25 PO Box 314 DK 8600 Silkeborg Denm
60. oring studies at Segi olivine mine 2004 to 2007 By Asmund G Boertmann D amp Johansen P 90 pp Vandmiljo og Natur 2007 NOVANA Tilstand og udvikling faglig sammenfatning Af Nordemann Jensen P Boutrup S Bijl L van der Svendsen L M Grant R Bogestrand J J rgensen T B Ellermann T Dahl K Josefson A B Ejrn s R S gaard B Thorling L amp Dahlgren K 118 s Arter 2007 NOVANA Af Sogaard B amp Asferg T red 140 s Terrestriske Naturtyper 2007 NOVANA Af Ejrnaes R Nygaard B Fredshavn J R Nielsen K E amp Damgaard C 150 s Vandlob 2007 NOVANA Af Bogestrand J red 108 s Blank page CONCEPTUAL DESIGN AND SAMPLING PROCEDURES OF THE BIOLOGICAL PROGRAMME OF NUUKBASIC This manual describes procedures for biologic climate effect monitoring in Kobbefjord Nuuk The monitoring is a part of NuukBasic which is a cross disciplinary ecological monitoring programme in low Arctic West Greenland Biological monitoring comprises the NERO line which is a permanent vegetation transect and monitoring repro ductive phenology of Salix glauca Loiseleuria procum bens Eriophorum angustifolium and Silene acaulis The progression in vegetation greenness is followed along the vegetation transect and in the plant phenology plots by measurement of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI The flux of CO is measured in natural conditions as well as in manipulations simulati
61. orum flower development 21 Figure 15 Eriophorum angustifo lium Frequency of sampling Once per season Total counts of S glauca L procumbens and S acaulis are made at peak flowering The optimal time for total counts of E an gustifolium is when most or all flower buds have reached senescence Equipment e Map with position of study plots e Pieces of cord totalling 100 m e Flower sticks e Tally counters e Data forms Appendix 2A D Notebook 22 Figure 16 Eriophorum angusti folium Senescent flowers Location and marking of sampling plots The plots are divided into four sections quarters A B C and D sepa rated by steel pegs at the centre where the diagonals cross and at the midpoint of each side The lettering starts at the corner with the plot ID and continues clockwise around the centre Co ordinates dimensions etc appear from table 4 1 The plots are identical with the plant repro ductive phenology plots shown in figure 4 Sampling method Tighten a cord around each section of the plot In large plots subsections are established by placing two additional cords with about 0 5 or 1 m in tervals from one end of each section whereupon the lumped number of flower buds flowers and senescent flowers are counted between each cord Move one cord at a time and repeat the process until the entire plot is covered In small plots sticks may be used instead of cords In the Salix plots male and female c
62. ots by measurement of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI The flux of CO is measured in natural conditions as well as in manipulations simulating increased temperature increased cloud cover shorter growing season and longer growing season The effect of increased UV B radiation on plant stress is studied by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence in three series of plots Arthropods are sampled by means of yellow pitfall traps Microarthropods are sampled in soil cores and extracted in an extractor by gradually heating up soil The rate of decomposition is measured in three habitats The avifauna is monitored with special emphasis on passerine birds Only few terrestrial mammals occur in the study area All observations of mammals will be recorded ad hoc Monitoring in lakes include ice cover water chemistry physical conditions species composition of plankton vegetation bottom organisms and fish Physical chemical pa rameters phytoplankton and zooplankton are monitored monthly in the period when the lakes are ice free Monitoring arctic phenology carbon flux NDVI UV B arthropods microarthropods decompo sition lake ecology NERI Graphics Group Silkeborg Peter Aastrup 978 87 7073 132 4 1600 0048 70 The report is available in electronic format pdf at NERI s website http www dmu dk Pub FR745 paf Contents Executive summary 5 Resume 9 1 Introduction 10 2 Detailed manual 12 2 1 Plants 12 2 2 Arthropod
63. rest reasonably level and elevated site so that it is not flooded during the snow melt or heavy rain and carefully sunk into the soil so that the upper rim levels exactly with the soil sur face Place the turf and the removed soil about a meter away from the trap Do not disperse it since it must be repositioned after the season when the traps are removed The new traps are placed upside down during the winter At the start of the season i e on the round when the traps have appeared from the snow new clean washed with a little Tween 20 upper cups replace the wintering ones Bring hot water in a thermos in case the two cups are frozen solid If there is any risk that cups will float up due to water in the lower cup two metal pegs must be placed along each cup to keep them in position Figure 27 Schematic diagram showing positions of Arthropod plots The upper cup of the trap is then filled 2 3 3 4 with water 1 1 needed per station added three drops of detergent and a spoonful of salt as kill ing agent preservation and to prevent freezing Emptying the traps Catches from each of the traps are kept separate Before emptying a trap place the ladies stocking on a spare cup Then pour the trap liquid through the stocking into the spare cup Check the trap cup for remain ing arthropods and flush with ethanol down into a 10 ml container should any still remain in the trap Reposition the trap cup in the soil The c
64. rocedure in the remaining subsections Hence four scans are made in each of the vegetation plots Turn off the Crop Circle system between plots by pressing the ON OFF button When measuring the NERO line always start at the top of the slope and walk towards the river Ideally all transects should be measured on the same day If the vegeta tion is wet the measurements must be postponed to the following day Input of data into database Data are downloaded from the SD card from the CropCircle using a card reader Crop Circle automatically names the files e g ddmmyyAA CSV ddmmyyAB CSV etc Each file holds the following variables Longi tude Latitude Elevation Fix Type UTM Time Speed Course SF1 SF2 SF3 SF4 SF5 and SF6 All Crop Circle data files are saved separately In Excel each data file is supplemented with the following columns Year Month Day DOY Observer Plot Section and Remarks All files are merged into one sheet in one file Please notice that if your computer is set with a Danish Office version the ddmmyyAA file is the last file in the file list since the AA is regarded as A but it is still the first one re corded Digital pictures are stored at the Greenland Institute of Natural Re sources back up server F 40 59 PaFu 41 Vegetation 08 Nuuk Basic_BioBasis 2 1 5 CO flux plots The ratio between the uptake of CO from photosynthesis and release from decomposition of organic matter in the soil an
65. rs Gill nets are set in the littoral and in the pelagic in the middle of the water column and at the bottom benthic nets in the late afternoon Nets are taken the follow ing morning The catch is treated per net and per net type littoral pe lagic benthic Each fish is given a number identified to species and sex and length and weight is measured a Tissue samples for isotope analyses liver and dorsal muscle For each species samples are taken from approx 20 fish per lake consid ering all size classes of fish The tissue samples are frozen in plastic vials and marked with lake name date fish number same as above and content b From the above mentioned fish stomach content is taken as well Stomachs are preserved in 96 ethanol in vials or 100 200 or 300 ml jars depending on the size of the stomach The container is marked with lake name date fish number same as above and content c From the above mentioned fish otoliths are taken as well These are kept in paper and marked with lake name date fish number same as above and content Benthic invertebrates 8 sediment cores are sampled randomly from the profundal zone of the lake depth between 70 and 90 of maximum depth using the kajak sampler A visual characteristic of the sediment colour is recorded light grey dark grey brown black layered plant material Each core is emptied into a small bucket in the dinghy before taking the next Samples are
66. s 35 2 3 Microarthropods and decomposition 39 2 4 Birds 44 2 5 Mammals 46 2 6 Lakes 47 2 7 Disturbance 54 3 Storage of data 55 4 References 56 5 Suggested Handbooks 57 Appendix 58 Appendix 1 58 Appendix 2A 59 Appendix 2B 60 Appendix 2C 61 Appendix 2D 62 Appendix 3A 63 Appendix 3B 64 Appendix 3C 65 Appendix 4 66 Appendix 5A 67 Appendix 5B 68 Appendix 6A 69 Appendix 6B 70 National Environmental Research Institute NERI technical reports Blank page Executive summary Below is given a short overview of all monitoring elements The follow ing sections give detailed descriptions of each element Plants Table 1 gives an overview of the monitoring of plants Table 1 Overview of monitoring elements Monitoring Species Number Sampling Sampling Sampling element of plots frequency object period NERO line Plant communities and species Every 5 year Phenology Salix glauca 4 Weekly Buds flowers and seeds May October Loiseleuria procumbens Buds flowers and seeds May October Silene acaulis Buds flowers and seeds Vegetation analysis pin point 4 per plot Every 5 year Plot four sections gt analysis to be done per plot Total count Salix glauca Once per season Flowers Depending on of flowering Loiseleuria procumbens at peak flowering phenology shoots Silene acaulis Eriophorum angustifolium NDVI Along vegetation transect Monthly May October In phenology p
67. t the bottom and take care when you pull the soil auger including the soil core up 7 Open the soil auger and carefully remove the tube including the soil core Place a labelled DBIdut lid at the top immediately to avoid that organisms on the soil escape 8 Turn the tube around and cut surplus soil away so the soil surface levels the bottom of the lower tube Place a DBIdut lid in the bottom of the tube 9 Place the tubes in a box with the top of the sample upwards Store the samples at low temperature in a shadowed place and avoid bumping during transportation On arrival to the lab the samples are stored in the dark at 5 C until extraction not later than two days after sampling Laboratory work Extraction of microarthropods The capacity for extraction is limited so it may be necessary to run the extraction more than once To account for differences due to longer stor age etc between two extraction batches the principle of blocking is fol lowed Thus a fraction of sub samples with a unique name e g extrac tion block no 1 with e g half of the samples from a sampling plot are randomly selected for the first extraction and the remaining other half block no 2 is stored at 5 C until extractors are ready The blocking en ables a statistically valid assessment of the possible differences between the blocks i e the two extraction sessions Equipment e Extractor with temperature sensor and data logger e Insulation
68. tech instruments com handyPea htm Figure 24 Overview of UV B plots The sensor unit consists of an array of 3 ultra bright red LED s optically filtered to a peak wavelength of 650 nm which is readily absorbed by the chloroplasts of the leaf The LED s are focused via lenses onto the leaf surface to provide even illumination over the area of leaf exposed by the leaf clip 4mm diameter Location and marking of sampling plots The UVB plots are situated west of the CO plots Figure 24 and 25 gives overviews of the plots 33 Figure 25 Schematic presenta tion of the location of UV B plots 34 B1 Vie gu E EH S B B2 C2 C3 F3 B4 C4 F4 There are three series of plots with five replicates 1 Control no treatment C1 C5 2 UV B filter Mylar film with exclusion of UV B B1 B5 3 Filter control Teflon film without exclusion of UV B F1 F5 Each treatment plot measures 60 cm x 60 cm the plots are marked with aluminium tubes at each corner and covered with a frame with the ap propriate filter placed approximately 10 cm above the vegetation During summer the vegetation may grow as tall as the filter which may then be lifted within the aluminium tubes Sampling method Before establishing the UV plots filters on frames are checked carefully and changed if necessary There are two filter types Teflon fil
69. ter con trol the thinnest and most flexible film and Mylar excludes UVB thicker and less flexible Frame positions are given by small sticks within each plot UV plots are checked regularly during the entire field season and repaired if necessary Specifically filters in the UV plots must be checked after heavy rain or wind 1 Select five green healthy looking leaves of Betula nana and Vaccin ium uliginosum in each plot 2 Mount leaf clips on all leaves preferably without removing the leaf from the branch Mount on one species at a time Make sure that the leaf is visible through the hole in the clip and push the shutter to cover the hole so the leaf material is in complete darkness 3 Keep the shutters closed for at least 30 minutes The closure time may be longer 4 Switch on the Handy PEA Open main menu and turn the arrow on the screen to Measure 5 Fit the sensor head to the clip uncover the hole by pushing the shut ter back Start measuring by pushing OK or push the black button on the sensor head During the measurement a number of parame ters appear on the screen Note that the Fv Fb should be about 0 8 If something goes wrong step three must be repeated before you carry out a new measurement 6 Accept to store the measurement Note which measurement number corresponds to each plot 7 Repeat the sampling now measuring on Vaccinium uliginosum leaves 8 Take a photo of each plot at each measureme
70. ugust Sep tember and October Preferably every 4 weeks If the ice free period is shorter than 5 month the period between samplings is reduced to fit 5 samplings into the ice free period Ice cover is recorded continuously via automatic cameras operated by GeoBasis Location and marking of sampling spots The two sampling lakes are located in the Kobbefjord catchment area in the bottom of Kobbefjord Badese Kangerluarsunnguup Tasia 47 48 64907 48N 51 21 23W and Qassi So 64909 11N 51 18 18W The sampling stations are the deepest spots in the lakes The positions are marked with a buoy floating during the ice free season and 2 m below the surface during the winter season connected to the sediment traps see text be low Positions of the sampling stations are saved in the GPS unit Sampling methods At each sampling date time cloud cover x 8 wind speed m sec and ice cover of lake area are recorded Use for data form Appendix 6a for recording data in the field Bring water sampler tub Secchi disc depth sounder sampling bottles for the sediment traps only in August oars and a filled outboard Go to the sampling station and anchor the boat to the buoy Notice the sediment trap is below the buoy therefore use a long rope when tying up to the buoy and be careful not to disturb the sediment trap in calm weather Before sampling rinse all sampling gear and bottles with lake water Measure the transp
71. weight DW is de termined by taking 5 representative samples and drying them in an oven at 50 C until constant weight As the filter paper take up water from the surrounding air they should be stored in an exicator if they cannot be weighed immediately after drying in the oven Location and marking of sampling plots During the 2009 sampling season each of the 4 habitats will be character ised concerning pH texture and plant communities About 0 5 kg soil is collected and send for analysis in Foulum Denmark according to the soil sampling procedure Litterbags are placed according to a random sampling scheme in the field monitoring site each autumn and the last third batch is collected at the same time as the placement of the next year s set The litterbags are placed in a manner ensuring good natural contact with the underlying litter layer The bags are covered by some of the surrounding litter if the habitat includes a natural litter layer If the habitat consists of peat the bags will be put into the peat layer at max 5 cm depth In soil habitats they are covered by approx 3 cm soil In this case a slit is made with a shovel and the litterbag is slided into the slit and covered by the soil The 30 litterbags in each plot are placed in a m square grid A stick is used to fix the litterbag to the soil for easy retrieval 43 44 Sampling method Three sets of litterbags will be collected and brought to the lab for meas ureme
72. wers in ter minal clusters and evergreen leaves with rolled edges Figure 13 Loiseleuria procum bens Half open flowers opening buds closed buds and senescent flowers from last year bod Senescent flower from last year a fy ze gt nm Input of data into database The data from the weekly registrations are entered into Excel data sheets with columns relevant for each of the three species The basic data are Year Month Day Observer Plot Sample Snow cover Buds Flowers 20 Figure 14 Eriophorum angusti folium Buds and young flowers Senescent flowers Total and Remarks Specific columns for individual species appear from the data base 2 1 3 Total flowering Species to be monitored Northern willow Salix glauca Blagra pil Trailing azalea Loiseleuria pro cumbens Kryblyng Moss campion Silene acaulis Tue limurt and Cot ton grass Eriopherum angustifolium Smalbladet keeruld See previous section for descriptions of Salix glauca Loiseleuria procumbens and Silene acaulis E angustifolium is described below Eriophorum angustifolium The flowers are monoecious individual flowers are either male or fe male but both sexes can be found on the same plant and are pollinated by wind There are two or more flowers on each stem There are two or more fruiting heads per plant which distinguishes it from the other common species Arctic cotton grass Figure 14 16 shows different stages of Erioph

BioBasis manual - nuuk

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents