Map Preparation Package
Contents
1. All rights for maps belong to their publishers Normally you may not copy or scan maps without the written permission of the publisher Please comply with the copyright notice on your map You may scan and convert purchased paper maps to Map Container Packages without permission of the publisher ONLY FOR YOUR OWN AND PRIVATE USAGE There are applying almost the same restrictions as for copying video tapes or CDs If you have the written permission of the map publisher or if you own all rights by yourself then you may market your Map Container Packages commercially With the purchase of the Map Preparation Package you also got the right for marke ting your self produced Map Container Packages without any licence fees to the author as long as they are exclusively used in combination with GPS Map Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 4 3 Hard and Software Conditions You will need the following equipment for creating Map Container Packages 4 a fast Apple Macintosh or Windows computer with at least 16 MB of RAM and a hard disk with at least 80 megabytes of free space image processing software such as Adobe Photoshop the LE version will be sufficient the development system Newton Toolkit from Apple For creating grayscale maps you will need version 1 6 4 for Macintosh or version 1 6 1 for Windows the Map Preparation Package access to a big format scanner if possible it should be big enough to scan you2. for repeating the action After reduction you should critically check your map image at many important locations and decide if the resolution is either still too high or already too low for seeing details good enough If you decide to change the resolution again first use the Undo command for getting the original resolution and then repeat the resolution reduction process Avoid reducing the resolution more than one time without undoing because the image quality will drop down then 7 8 Final sharpening the Image If necessary you should now try again to sharpen the image You may call the Sharpen command within menu Filters more than once until the image sharpness is satisfying But if you call the filter too often the image quality will drop down Use the Undo and Redo commands for finding the best quality Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 12 8 Preparing Vector Type Maps Macintosh only Currently there is no simple to use method for creating PICT resource files with Windows applications You can design your own special map 1 e a nautical map containing a large area of water with only some islands shelf and coast lines or a desert map with some oasis The first step is thinking about the map scale you will need A vector map has always a screen resolution of 72 dots per inch or 28 346 pixels per centimeter If the scale should be 1 1 you will need these number of pixels per centimeter o
3. 20 7554167 or 20 45 25 or 20 45 15 20 45 15 west may be entered as 20 7554167 or 20 45 25 or 20 45 15 All positions shown to the user are displayed both as decimal degrees and as degrees minutes and seconds The current application versions have no possibility for correcting mistakes In that case you must exit the application and restart it An other problem will occur if your calibration point entries are totally wrong This could lead the complex algorithms into an endless loop In this case abort the application by pressing ctrl alt lt gt and esc all at the same time After successfully entering the values both applications offer possibilities for checking the calibration parameters by entering either geographic co ordinates for calculating the corresponding pixel co ordinates or vice versa If you like you may test the conversion parameters by entering your calibration points and comparing the results to your notes For leaving the application enter e xit both for Lat and X The applications will store the calculated parameters into the clipboard Macintosh or write them to a text file Windows so that you can paste them directly into the Newton Toolkit 14 Building the Map Container Package Duplicate the folder Map Template that is part of this package and rename the new folder to an adequate name for your map Drag the PCT resource files or bmp files created w
4. T bue Wer oir E QNNM 2 TEN nytt e ab oth om XE serva pod un Hes E Re Or dE V Re NECEM TR Na i3 L l Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 8 Those maps are cone type maps but without geographical grid You can use them only if you have a possibility to convert between their grid format and the geographical WGS84 latitude longitude format Some GPS receivers e g the Trimble ScoutMaster are able to convert the grid GPS Map uses a transformation method which describes almost any cone type map by nine special calibration points with sufficient exactness 6 Selection Criteria for the original Map Not each map is suitable for our application For example many street maps or walking maps have no geographic reference or are not very exact may differ up to kilometers and are more pictures than maps If a map has no rulers with latitude and longitude marks at the borders you should be cautious In such cases you will need an additional referenced map for finding calibration points and during transferring that points to the original map it is dangerous to make mistakes The optical appearance of the map must be considered too Most PDAs have b w displays only and therefore can display grey scale or colour information only by using diverse bit patterns Also if the map has low contrast or if printed text is only readable with efforts you cannot expect good results on the PDA You should get the original m
5. You will need both the geographic and pixel co ordinates of three calibration points as shown in the following picture Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 14 upper latitude lower latitude left right longitude longitude Calibration points 1 and 2 must have the same latitude value while calibration points 1 and 3 must have the same longitude value As bigger as the distances between point 1 and 2 and between point 1 and 3 will be as more exact your finished map will be because reading errors and measurement errors will be minimised Note down the geographic co ordinates and find the related pixel co ordinates by using Photoshop Chose Show Info within menu Window and activate the selection tool p 1 L to get a cross hair cursor Find the three points with the cursor and note down the pixel co ordinates as shown within the Info window b Alternative method for use with RectMap 2 In normal case you should use method a for calibration However if there is no map grid and if you are knowing only a few fixed positions on your map or even if you will get them directly by walking to three significant locations and writing down the position as displayed by your GPS receiver you can use this alternative method which works with unrelated calibration points Again you will need both the geographic and pixel co ordinates You may choose those points freely as long as they aren t ordered in a diagonal wa
6. above work in most cases However there is an exception for all projection methods if your map covers an area with a 360 degree crack covering the 180 longitude as shown below and therefore the right latitude value is less than the left value The projection formulae cannot handle this crack and therefore you must use a trick and express all longitude values as east longitude values In the example below you must change the right longitude value from 170 to 190 although 190 is actually out of range GPS Map will be aware of that and do the right things Keep in mind to set LongCrack to TRUE when you define the map description block later This does not work because of the crack Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 18 But this does work 170 180 190 10 Reducing to a b w Map Image only for scanned maps 10 1 For PDAs with one bit per screens MP100 130 For converting grey scale or colour images to b w images Photoshop offers two methods called Threshold and Dithering For using Threshold you must define a Treshold Level ranging from 0 to 255 Each pixel will be tested if its value is less than the level or if it is higher Higher values will produce a white pixel while lower values will produce a black pixel The disadvantage is a very hard contrast that will let disappear many details Therefore this method is only suitable for few maps Dithering replaces a group of grey or colour pixe
7. amp Filel bmp imageFile2 HOME amp File2 bmp imageFile4 HOME amp File4 bmp imageFile8 HOME amp File8 bmp The parameter s imageFilel to imageFile8 are optional You may specify only one or several of them imageFile1 defines a BMP file containing a b w map 1 bit per pixel imageFile2 defines a BMP file file containing a map with 4 gray shades 2 bits per pixel imageFile4 defines a BMP file containing a map with 16 gray shades 4 bits per pixel and imagerile8 defines a BMP file containing a map with 256 gray shades 8 bits per pixel b Bitmap Style Map as Tiles only for MP2000 The following example shows how to read a grayscale map with 16 shades of gray and consisting of eight tiles The tiles are read within a loop As the file names contain a ascending number TO bmp bis T7 bmp 5 it is possible to build the file names within the loop The arrays called ax and av contain the pixel co ordinates of the tile s top left corner which you have noted while cutting the original map into the tiles If you want to omit tiles i e because they contain nothing important such as only water or dessert region you must enter zero for both dx and dy The call to Setoffset moves the tiles to the correct offsets within the real map image the call to calcBounds calculates the enclosing rectangle in pixels for the whole map BMAP 1 Tiles dX 0 2020 0 2020 0 2020 0 2020 dy 0
8. second tile and so on Write down the pixel co ordinates of the top left corner related to the original image for entering into the Newton Toolkit later If a tile is empty i e because it only contains water or dessert region you can omit it and therefore save memory 13 Calculation of Calibration Parameters Before generating the Map Container Package within Newton Toolkit we still must calculate the parameters describing the map geographically Start application RectMap 1 or RectMap 2 for rectangular projected maps ConeMap for cone type projected maps or QuadrantMap for UTM Thomas Bros type maps or Trimble Atlas maps All four applications are similar in handling and request inputting of the calibration points you have noted down Simply enter the values as requested on the screen Position values may be entered either as decimal degrees degrees and decimal minutes or as degrees minutes and decimal seconds Your input must have the following general form DDD ddd MM mmm SS sss decimal degrees decimal minutes decimal seconds Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 23 By using this format you can enter all popular notations such as decimal degrees only degrees and decimal minutes or degrees minutes and decimal seconds The different fields must be separated by spaces West or south co ordinates must be entered with a leading minus sign negative degrees Examples 20 45 15 east may be entered as
9. 0 600 600 1200 1200 1800 1800 FOR I 0 TO 7 DO BEGIN LOCAL Filename HOME amp T amp NumberStr I amp bmp TRY Tile BuildPictureViewSlot imageFile4 Filename print Importing File amp Filename CALL SetOffset WITH Tile bounds dX I aY I AddArraySlot BMAP_1 Tiles Tile ONEXCEPTION evt ex DO print Error with File amp Filename END BMAP 1l bounds CALL calcBounds WITH BMAP_1 Tiles Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 28 14 3 How to create an empty Map Macintosh Windows If you don t have a real map for a specific region you may create an empty map to be used as a background for displaying the actual position and route or a flight replay at a given scale The first step is to think about the map scale you will need An empty map has always a screen resolution of 72 dots per inch or 28 346 pixels per centimeter At a maximum map size of 32767 times 32767 pixels and scale 1 1 the map will cover a region with 11 55 times 11 55 meters Next is to think about the map region to be covered and to calculate the amount of pixels in both latitude and longitude direction Calculate the map description parameters by using the application RectMap 1 The definition of an empty map within Newton Toolkit looks like this BMAP_1 Tiles bounds left Oy top ss right X MAX bottom Y MAX X MAX and vy Max are the pixel co ordi
10. How to create Map Container Packages for use with GPS Map Version 1 5 mmm WPT WP 1 19 DTG 0 60 km 85 TTG 0 234 m E 1 0 06 ALT 630 m 14 27 32 SPD 222 kmh RET i o eT m QA TH pE S A b OC Ng t MARKI KB zs N Kreuzacker Ne m WHISKEY e AT M qH A340 85 a DM NM Mame Dates Extras Find eels Map Preparation Package User s Manual Page 1 Copyright 1995 97 Gerd Staudenmaier Friedrichshafener Strasse 24 B D 88090 Immenstaad Germany All rights reserved This manual and the described software products GPS Map GPS Map Lite GPS Map Tools GPS Sim RectMap QuadrantMap and ConeMap contain copyrighted material trade secrets and other proprietary material Reproduction adaptation or translation of this document and the associated software as complete or extracts are prohibited without prior written permission of the author You may not decompile reverse engineer disassemble or otherwise reduce the Software to a human perceivable form You may not modify network rent lease loan distribute or create derivative works based upon the Software in whole or in part You may not electronically transmit the Software from one device to another or over a network You may make backup copies of the software for your own usage only The author assumes no responsibility for the correctness of this manual and the described software The author assumes no respo
11. T 14 1 Importing PICT Resource Files Macintosh a scanned bitmap Maps in one Piece First let s take a look to the simple case where the map is contained in a simgle file For importing immages there are two functions within the Newton Toolkit called GetPictAsBits and MakePixFamily Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 25 GetPictAsBits is available since version 1 0 of NTK It supports only b w PICT resources with one bit per pixel MakePixFamily is a new function introduced with version 1 6 4 of NTK It supports PICT resources with either 1 2 4 or 8 bits per pixel First the PICT resource file must be opened by calling rf OpenResFileX HOME amp myFile res Then the PICT resource can be read in by either calling BMAP 1 GetPictAsBits Resource Name NIL Or BMAP 1 MakePixFamily BW Resource NIL Gray Resource In addition to the grayscale image Gray Resource you may also specify the b w image BW Resource for MakePixFamily which will be used for displaying the map on a MP100 110 120 or 130 be aware of the additional memory requirements If you don t specify a b w image you mst replace BW_Resource with NIL The last step is closeing the PICT resource file by calling CloseResFileX rf b Vector Maps in one Piece Vector maps must be read as shown below rf OpenResFileX HOME amp myFile res BMAP 1 Data GetNamedResourc
12. ap in winded state instead of folded because folds will never be completely flattened during scanning and you will still see folds on the PDA screen Moreover a folded map may be a little bit warped and that will have consequences on the exactness later too 7 Scanned Maps 7 1 Scanning a Paper based Map Use a big format scanner big enough for scanning your map as one piece Although it is possible to scan a map in portions and later combine them within Adobe Photoshop the final product will be less accurate because of tolerances of the scanner and war ping Ask DTP studios or newspaper publishers if they are offering scanning services Experience has shown that it is not necessary to use a high resolution colour scanner A grey scale scanner with 8 bits in depth and a resolution of 200 dpi dots per inch is good enough for most maps and produces more handy amounts of data Don t scan the map with a resolution lower than 200 dpi Reducing the resolution within Photoshop gives better results than scanning with lower resolution Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 9 7 2 Optical Preparation of raw Images Load the scanned map image into Photoshop Use the magnifier tool Ch for display ing the map at real size 1 1 or 100 Now each screen pixel represents exactly one pixel of the map image Because of the scanner resolution is 200 dpi and the screen resolution is only approx 72 dpi the map seems to be magnified by ne
13. arly factor 3 compared to its paper size Ignore that for the moment Dependent of the used scanner type the map may be rotated for 90 180 or 270 degrees Ignore that for the moment too 7 3 Checking for twisted Map Select Show Rulers within menu Window and look for straight horizontal and vertical lines at the borders of the map Normally maps are surrounded by rulers which you may use for this action Scroll the map horizontal and then vertical from one end to the other and observe the point of intersection with the ruler If the intersection point at the ruler moves clearly more than 20 pixels during scrolling the map may be twisted In this case do the same with a line at the opposite side of the map If the intersection point moves in the same direction during scrolling your map is twisted and should be corrected For correcting select Rotate Arbitrary within menu Image and insert an estimated rotation angle Mostly you will enter very small values in the range of 0 1 to 0 5 degrees Now repeat the test If the map is still twisted then undo the previous rotate command and try again with a new value You should avoid more than one rotation with small angles because of loss in image quality 7 4 Cutting the Map Borders Presumably your map image is bigger than the map area itself and contains rulers and other textual information near the borders Use the selection tool _ and select the desired image area The
14. bration of UTM and Thomas Bros Maps 16 9 5 There is one exception 17 10 Reducing to a b w Map Image 18 10 1 For PDAs with one bit per screens MP100 130 18 10 2 For PDAs with grayscale screen MP2000 20 11 Final Adjustment of Resolution and final Save 20 12 Cutting the map into several tiles 21 13 Calculation of Calibration Parameters 22 14 Building the Map Container Package 23 14 1 Importing PICT Resource Files Macintosh 24 14 2 Importing BMP Files Windows 26 14 3 How to create an empty Map Macintosh Windows 28 14 4 Completing the map description 28 15 Checking the finished Map Container Package 33 Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 3 1 Introduction As an owner of a GPS based map navigation system it s no long way for desiring more and also special maps Because of the immense diversity of world wide map material it is not possible for a manufacturer to satisfy all such wishes More worse most map material is copyrighted by the publisher and a manufacturer may distribute maps only with great negotiation efforts and copyright costs Therefore rarely needed maps would be very expensive and could cost a lot of money for only covering the time for preparing them By using the Map Preparation Package and this document any user with some understanding for navigation map projections computer experience and the necessary equipment will be able to produce his own Map Container Packages 2 Legal Situation
15. command Crop within the Edit menu removes all unnecessary image parts Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 10 Now it is a good time to both bring a rotated map by 90 180 or 270 degrees to the proper direction and for saving the actual map image Please use a different name to protect your original file from being overwritten 7 5 Correcting Brightness and Contrast Dependant of the scanner and scanning software used both brightness and contrast may differ from the original map Try to correct it by using the Adjust Brightness Contrast command within menu Image in such a way that the image is almost identical to the original on paper Keep already in mind the later appearance on the PDA screen You will need some experience for this step as it has great influence on the quality on the PDA screen 7 6 Sharpening the Image Especially text is currently not sharp enough Use the Sharpen command within menu Filter for improving it The image will be more sharp now but still not sharp enough But this is good for our next step and we will call Sharpen again in a later step 7 7 Reducing the Resolution You have scanned the map with high resolution 200 dpi The PDA screen has only a resolution of 85 dpi or 100 dpi for MP2000 To prevent the map being displayed three times magnified you normally will reduce the image resolution There are a few exceptions where such a magnification makes sense if v
16. e PICT Vector Resource picture BMAP_1 bounds top ExtractWord BMAP_1 data 2 left ExtractWord BMAP 1l data 4 bottom ExtractWord BMAP 1 data 6 right ExtractWord BMAP_1 data 8 SetClass BMAP_1 PICT CloseResFileX rf Vector Resource is the name you have given to the PICT resource during saving it within your drawing application or within ResEdit Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 26 c Bitmap or Vector Style Maps as Tiles only for MP2000 The following example shows how to read a b w map consisting of eight tiles The tiles containing PICT resources all named Tile are read within a loop As the file names contain a ascending number TO res bis T7 res it is possible to build the file names within the loop The arrays called dx and dy contain the pixel co ordinates of the tile s top left corner which you have noted while cutting the original map into the tiles If you want to omit tiles i e because they contain nothing important such as only water or dessert region you must enter zero for both ax and av The call to SetOffset moves the tiles to the correct offsets within the real map image the call to calcBounds calculates the enclosing rectangle in pixels for the whole map BMAP 1 Tiles dX 0 2020 0 2020 0 2020 0 2020 dy 0 0 600 600 1200 1200 1800 1800 FOR I 0 TO 7 DO BEGIN LOCAL Filena
17. ery small map details would disappear during reducing as found on very detailed town maps Photoshop gives you a possibility to reduce the resolution Several neighbouring pixels will be combined to less pixels by using complex algorithms The result will be much better than scanning the map with the same lower resolution because Photoshop considers grey and colour values into its calculation Therefore text and small details will remain readable as good as the lower resolution will allow Again you will need some experience for defining the new resolution The rule is as low as possible but as high as necessary to preserve the readability of text and impor tant details Common values range from 72 to 150 dpi Chose Image Size within the Image menu for doing the reduction The functio nality behind this dialog is a bit tricky in Photoshop 3 x Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 11 Image Size Current 5ize 67 5M Width 36 01 inches Height 49 14 inches Resolution 200 pixels inch Wew Size Width Height Resolution Constrain J Proportions File Size Using this dialog box is a bit tricky in Photoshop 3 x File Size must be unchecked and the units for width and height must be set to inches or centimeters Now enter the new resolution value If you didn t make a mistake the field New Size will show a significant smaller file size In this case click Ok otherwise click Cancel
18. g the key combination A 3 C Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 20 Go back to the window containing the map converted by Treshold and choose Paste as Layer within menu Edit Chosen option Darken for mixing both images in the intended manner The result looks as a b w image although it is still stored as a grey scale image For converting it to real b w image choose Bitmap within menu Mode but now set the conversion method to Treshold with a level of 5096 10 2 For PDAs with grayscale screen MP2000 You may reduce the map either to one two or four bits per pixel that is b w 4 gray tones or 16 gray tones Please take in mind that a map with 16 gray tones will need four times the storage size compared to the same map in one bit per pixel resolution You can save some storage space by reducing the resolution of the map This is possible because small text is much sharper and therefore better readable on grayscale maps compared to b w maps If your map image in not already in RGB format you must convert it by selecting RGB Colour within menu Mode Next select Indicated Colours within menu Mode In the upcoming dialog please select either 2 bits per pixel corresponding to 4 Colours or 4 bits per pixel corresponding to 16 Colours Also select Diffusion Last step is changing the map to grayscale by selecting Grayscale within menu Mode 11 Final Adju
19. g will take a very long time If you have lost such a package you can reinstall it as often as needed and therefore a backup is not important Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 31 Project Settings Application Symbol ICAO0 2 w GEST AUD C AutoClose leon file Map rsrc Fackage Platform E Delete old package on download Mame ILAD Ew GEST AUD must be unique Copyright 51995 G Staudenmaier ATI rights reserved Store on Newton C Compressed am Hot compressed x Copy protected Cor If the item Compressed is checked the package will be stored in compressed format on the PDA and therefore need less space You should use this option only for small map regions because during runtime the PDA must decompress the package and therefore scrolling within GPS Map will be slowed down If you have Newton Toolkit 1 6 or newer you should use the Newton 2 0 platform file Note If you intend to produce a grayscale map you will need NTK version 1 6 4 Mac or 1 6 1 Windows and you must use the Newton 2 1 platform file Now you may compile your package by choosing Build Package within menu Project If there are Memory Problems If there is an error message during compilation such as not enough main heap space or not enough build heap space then you must increase the corresponding value by choosing Toolkit Preferences within menu Edit The values for Main heap and Bu
20. ge 33 15 Checking the finished Map Container Package For excluding measuring and typing errors you should check each map before real usage Download your Map Container Package to the PDA Start GPS Map go into PLAN or Offline mode and try to load your new maps by choosing Load Map or tapping onto the overview button Check the map names displayed within the map list If your map belongs to a bigger map region the name must be displayed only once Choose command Go to Position and sequentially enter all calibration co ordinates If necessary use the standard scroll buttons to select your map by changing the map scale Check the correctness of the positioning against the entered co ordinates If you are not sure start Photoshop again and check the positioning there If all calibration points are ok your new map is operational If you still have problems with your map not discussed within this manual you may contact the author via e mail or phone Please call only between 6 00 PM and 10 00 PM German local time Copyright 1995 97 Gerd Staudenmaier Software Development amp Marketing Friedrichshafener Strasse 24 b D 88090 Immenstaad Germany Phone Fax 49 7545 911 322 e Mail lt gerds micronet de gt
21. hoose an expressive comment like ICAO Stuttgart 1995 Reference to the image of the map Insert the variable BMAP x here where x is the running number of the current map Scale of the map e g enter 500000 for a scale of 1 500000 Optical resolution of the map after its reduction e g 130 for 130 dots per inch This value will be used for calculating the magnification factor displayed within GPS Map Temporary value used for sorting maps Calculate it as Scale Resolution and use the integer part only RECT for rectangular projections as calculated by RectMap 1 or RectMap 2 or CONE for cone type projections as calculated by ConeMap or QuadrantMap Version of the map description block must be always 1 Must be TRUE for maps with longitude crack if the map overlaps 180 longitude and NIL for maps without longitude crack Must be TRUE if the GPS Map demo version should recognise this map Else delete this slot or set it to NIL Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 30 C_Lat A Those slots describe the map projection You will get them as an output from one of the programs RectMap 1 RectMap 2 ConeMap or QuadrantMap either via the Macintosh clipboard or a Windows text file Lat top The following four slots are only used for cone type projections with borders not being horizontal or vertical You may enter a top latitude limit If the current latitude exceeds this limit GPS Map will automatically lo
22. ild heap should be nearly identical and set to minimal 1 5 times of the sum of all map PICT resource files contained in the project Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 32 Because PICT files are compressed you should get the real size from within Photoshop A good value is 8 megabytes for each heap After closing the window you must exit and restart Newton Toolkit to let the changes take effect Toolkit Preferences Arrow keys move by mmn with shift key 5 View list Sort by Text Style Shot hst AH TH Sort by Text Style L Show slot value Text Views x Auto indent Tabs 4 Text Style Fackages x Auto save before building package x Auto download after building package Connection Heaps Sizes in Kbytes Main heap Build heap Changes to Main Heap take effect after relaunching C Macintosh specific If now there is an error message as Could not launch Newton Toolkit because there is not enough memory then you must also increase the memory partition as defined within the Finder Select the Newton Toolkit application and then choose Information within Finder menu File Change the partition value at least to the sum of Main heap and Build heap If this is more than you have physical memory installed you must increase your memory by starting virtual memory management See your computer s documentation for details Map Preparation Package Users Manual Pa
23. imited PDA performance The partial maps should overlap some pixels i e 100 at their common borders If you later enter the same name for all partial maps into Newton Toolkit GPS Map will Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 22 handle those maps as they would be one single map and will automatically load the bordering map part if you will scroll out of the actual map part While writing this manual there is still a special problem with the operating system version 2 1 running on MP2000 which leads to bad scrolling performance with big maps near to their bottom right corner As long as there is no solution from Apple you can only work around the problem with splitting the map into two or more tiles with either same or different size The tiles should have around 800 times 600 pixels and they should be more wide than high For creating the tiles use the selection tool within Photoshop Select and cut of a tile Create a new file with the command New for each tile Photoshop will automatiucally size the new file to the size of the tile within the clipboard therefore you can simply past the tile into the new window Save the file as a PICT Resource File with a uniqe resource name i e Tile Mac mit einem einheitlichen Resource Namen z B Kachel Mac respective as a BMP File Windows Use names containing an ascending number i e TO res or TO bmp for the first tile T1 res or T1 bmp for the
24. ind the nine points with the cursor and note down the pixel co ordinates as shown within the Info window 9 4 Calibration of UTM and Thomas Bros Maps These maps are also cone type projections but they have a rectangular grid instead of a latitude longitude grid Normally you will not be able to use such maps but I have found that some GPS hand held receivers i e Trimble ScoutMaster are able to convert those grid co ordinates into geographical co ordinates if you enter the calibration points into its library and then switch back to WGS84 display format You must not expect a very exact map later but if nothing else is available it will be better than nothing It is very important that the grid lines are totally horizontal and vertical Rotate the map image for best fit Choose the calibration points as shown below in the centre of the quadrants The receiver will not be able to convert any arbitrary position the centres of the grid rectangles should work best Note down the geographic co ordinates and find the related pixel co ordinates by using Photoshop Chose Show Info within menu Window and activate the selection tool r 4 to get a cross hair cursor Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 17 Find the nine points in the center of the quadrants with the cursor and note down the pixel co ordinates as shown within the Info window 9 5 There is one exception The methods described
25. ithin Photoshop or your vector drawing application to the new folder Start Newton Toolkit by double clicking the project file Map Now save the project file uinder ist own name by selecting Save As within menu File to prevent NTK from overwriting the Map Template If you have difficulties with opening the project file e g because you are still using NTK 1 01 simply create a new project and add all resource and layout files as displayed within the picture to it Type Size Mod Date Aboutrsre Resource 2560 O4 02 1996 18 24 Uhr MMap rsre Resource 06 04 1994 22 27 Uhr Project Data Text O08 07 1995 17 34 Uhr About t Layout 276 03 1996 20 31 Uhr hap_tain t Layout 276 02 1996 270 41 Uh Within the project window click onto file Map Main t and choose New Browser within menu Window Then click onto Map Main and onto afterScript for getting the same state as shown below Map Main t browser protaTitle declareSelf Evaluatel base protestatus MapList Evaluatet MIL protaStaticT noBackdrop Bool True clview Sero ReorientToScreen EvaluatetFUMC CHIBEGINT syncview 1 4 Fedo rn lParanra Methods Attributes gt Map_Main afterScript Fe APP TEE iiidid iddi iddi EdE P EEEE EEEE Hap Template for Hap Preparation Package version 1 5 Copyright 1995 97 Gerd Staudenmaier Friedrichshafener Str 24 b D 58090 Immenstaad Germany e mail gerds micronet de all rights reserved IMPORTAN
26. ls by different bit patterns If you keep some distance to the screen it will look similar to the original grey tone This method gives a good presentation of areas and shades but some details as text are not as good as they could be Therefore it is the best most times to combine both methods that means to mix two maps reduced with different methods to the final map image Lets begin with the Dithering method Chose Bitmap within menu Mode if it is disabled then select Grey Scale first Check Diffusion Dither as method After clicking Ok the map image will be converted to a b w image Save the result by using a new name because we will need the previous grey scale image again Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 19 If you are already satisfied with the result you can jump over the steps following until we will define the map resolution Resolution Input 139 pixels inch Dutput pixels inch Method 350 Threshold i Pattern Dither i Diffusion Dither O Halftone Screen O Otherwise open the grey scale image saved last again in addition to the b w image and choose Map Threshold within menu Image Threshold Threshold Level E Preview Now try changing the level until you just see that details you have missed within the dithered map image and press Ok Select the window containing the dithered map image and put it into the clipboard by pressin
27. me HOME amp T amp NumberStr I amp res TRY rf OpenResFileX Filename print Importing File amp Filename Tile GetPictAsBits Tile NIL CALL SetOffset WITH Tile bounds dX I aY I AddArraySlot BMAP_1 Tiles Tile CloseResFileX rf ONEXCEPTION evt ex DO print Error with File amp Filename END BMAP 1l bounds CALL calcBounds WITH BMAP 1l Tiles For reading a grayscale or vector map which is split into tiles you may simply replace the call to GetPictAsBits by MakePixFamily or by the code around GetNamedResource as described already in chapter a and b 14 3 Importing BMP Files Windows a scanned bitmap Maps in one Piece First again let s take a look to the simple case where the map is contained in a simgle file For importing immages there are two functions within the Newton Toolkit called GetBmpAsBits and BuildPictureViewSlot GetBmpAsBits is available since version 1 6 of NTK It supports only b w BMP files containing images with one bit per pixel in depth Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 27 BuildPictureViewSlot is a new function introduced with version 1 6 1 of NTK It supports BMP files containing images either 1 2 4 or 8 bits per pixel in depth The image is imported by either calling BMAP_1 GetBmpAsBits HOME amp myFile bmp NIL Or BMAP_1 BuildPictureViewSlot imageFilel HOME
28. n into the Go to Position window of GPS Map 5 Map Projection Methods It is not necessary to be a cartographer for making Map Container Packages but you will need a little base knowledge Putting a map onto a screen is not as simple as showing a photography Along with the map image GPS Map will need supplementary information for finding just that image pixel corresponding to a given geographic position A globe surface such as the earth may be projected to a flat surface only with some difficulties because of its curvature For solving this problem cartography has developed several projection methods each with specific advantages and disadvantages 5 1 Rectangular Type Projections This projection method is especially used for topographic maps with scales ranging from 1 1 to approx 1 100000 Examples are city maps walking maps or airfield maps for aviation If you have a map where both latitude and longitude lines are straight all latitude lines as all longitude lines are running in parallel and all latitude lines are crossing the longi tude lines with a 90 angle it is a rectangular type projection There is a projection error because of the decreasing distance between longitude lines in pole direction but this error can be neglected with small map scales and therefore small regions Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 6 The advantage of this method is the simple handling You may determine distances and angle
29. nates of the bottom right corner of your planned map 14 4 Completing the map description If your Map Container Package shall contain several maps you must repeat the importing of map files for each map and increase the digit behind BMAP_ each time MapList may contain one or more map description blocks Each map description block describes exactly one map within the package and contains pointer to the map image the map name scale resolution and the geographic description thisView MapList first map description block hy more map description blocks i Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 29 Next complete the first map description block First paste the calibration parameters that should be still in the clipboard Mac or within a text file Windows to the position marked by a comment Then fill in the following fields Name Comment theBits Scale Resolution ScaleFactor Type Version LongCrack Public C_X Cay C_Long Name of the map as it should be shown within GPS Map i e ICAO If your map is part of a bigger map area all maps belonging to that area must have the same name That will enable GPS Map to handle them as if they would be a single big map Each Map Container Package is stored as an independent application on the PDA If you will start one by tapping there will be a scrollable list showing all contained maps by their comment string You should c
30. ngement at the map borders For doing the map calibration you will need position data as degrees in latitude longitude format related to the WGS84 reference system Dependend on the map and on ist scale you may not only find full degrees but also as degrees minutes and seconds One second expressed as represents 1 60 of a minute expressed as which represents 1 60 of a degree The formula for converting degrees minutes and seconds into decimal degrees is Decimal degrees degrees minutes seconds 60 60 North latitude and east longitude values are considered as positive south latitude and west longitude values are considered as negative If the co ordinates are not referenced to WGS84 you must convert all values for map scales between 1 1 and 1 100000 because otherwise there could occur an error of more than 100 meters Ask the supplier of your map for the correction factors of your map The application ED50_to_WGS8 amp 4_ converts the ED50 system as widely used in Europe into WGS84 Some portable GPS receivers i e Trimble ScoutMaster have built in conversion tables for lots of referencing systems and may be used to do the conversion Set the receiver s reference system to that of your map enter all calibration points into the receiver s library switch the reference system to WGS84 and read out the library 9 2 Calibration of rectangular projected Maps a Traditional method for use with RectMap 1
31. nsibility for any damage caused by use of this document and the associated software Informations presented in this manual may be changed for progression without pre announcement GPS Map GPS Map Lite GPS Sim und GPS Map Tools are trademarks of the author Newton MessagePad Newton Connection Kit Macintosh and Apple are trademarks of Apple Computer inc Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Corp Photoshop is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated Other mentions and product names may be trademarks of other companies and are explicitly agreed These names are mentioned for informational purposes only July 1997 Map Preparation Package User s Manual Page 2 Contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Legal Situation 3 3 Hard and Software Conditions 4 4 Overview of the Map Preparation Process 4 5 Map Projection Methods 5 5 1 Rectangular Type Projections 5 5 2 Cone Type Projections 6 6 Selection Criteria for the original Map 8 7 Scanned Maps 8 7 1 Scanning a Paper based Map 8 7 2 Optical Preparation of raw Images 9 7 3 Checking for twisted Map 9 7 4 Cutting the Map Borders 9 7 5 Correcting Brightness and Contrast 10 7 6 Sharpening the Image 10 7 7 Reducing the Resolution 10 7 8 Final sharpening the Image 11 8 Preparing Vector Type Maps Macintosh only 12 9 Geographic Calibration 13 9 1 Finding geographic Co ordinates on Maps 13 9 2 Calibration of rectangular projected Maps 13 9 3 Calibration of Cone Type projected Maps 15 9 4 Cali
32. ok for a joining map If the value is NIL then GPS Map will look for a joining map just after leaving the current map pixel area Lat bottom Same as before but for a bottom limit Long left Same as before but for a left limit Long right Same as before but for a right limit Remember to add 360 degrees to the value if LongCrack is TRUE Def Lat Def Long Geographic default co ordinate for loading the map if there is no GPS position available i e use the co ordinate of the map centre point Even if your map has a longitude crack you must use the real co ordinates 180 180 After you have entered all data and cleared all unused description blocks click into field w at the lower left edge of the window for translating the afterScript slot Next choose command Settings within menu Project for setting the name for the Map Container Package starting with NTK 1 5 this window looks different Type the name for your package into field Application Name The name should be shorter than 10 characters Use the same name for fields Application Symbol and Package Name but extend it by the string GESTAUD This extension is used by GPS Map for recognising the package as a Map Container Package If the item Copy protected is checked the package will not be saved during synchronisation with the Newton Connection Kit That is recommended if the package is bigger than 1 megabyte because else synchronisin
33. r paper map in one piece scanning is offered by DTP studios too Overview of the Map Preparation Process Creating Map Container Packages consists of the following steps Scanned real maps Search for a suitable map for both navigation purposes and for displaying on a PDA screen Scan the map or get it in electronic form Do the optical preparation of the raw image with image processing software Photoshop and reduce the result to a b w or grayscale PICT resource file Mac or BMP file Windows Synthetic vector maps currently only possible with Macintosh Draw your map by using a vector oriented drawing application such as Claris MacDraw Pro or similar Common for both For very large maps it may be neccessary to split the map into several tiles for faster scrolling because of the limited PDA performance Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 5 e Find map locations calibration points for generating the geographic reference You will need 3 locations for maps with a rectangular type projection or 9 locations for maps with cone type projection e Calculate the map description parameters by entering the selected locations into one of the applications called RectMap 1 RectMap 2 QuadrantMap oder ConeMap e Copy the resulting map description parameters into a Newton Toolkit project template compile it and load it into your PDA e Check the Map Container Package by entering the locations used for calibratio
34. r inch Next is thinking about the map region to be covered and to calculate the amount of pixels in both latitude and longitude direction As with bitmaps the borders of your map must not exceed 32767 pixels For creating the map use your favourite vector based drawing application such as Claris MacDraw or similar Set the display unit to pixels and draw a rectangle with the previously calculated size in pixels Draw the shapes of all elements with polygon lines and avoid using bezier curves Then fill the elements with bit patterns if desired You may also insert text and small bitmap regions i e islands from a scanned map image with same scale and resolution but those bitmap regions should not be greater than about 100 times 100 pixels because of the limited heap RAM within the PDA Draw your map in black and white only for MP100 130 or with a maximum of 16 gray shades MP2000 Save the drawing as a PICT resource file if possible or copy it to the clipboard open Apple s ResEdit create a new file and paste the drawing as PICT into the file The PICT resource must have a resource name You can name it within ResEdit by using the Get Resource Info command Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 13 9 Geographic Calibration 9 1 Finding geographic Co ordinates on Maps Already during looking for a suitable map you took care of the availability of geogra phic information such as longitude and latitude arra
35. s simply by using a ruler and setsquare GPS Map also takes advantage of this method because the geographic transformation to pixel co ordinates is very simple and therefore fast GPS Map uses a transformation method that describes a rectangular type projection map by three special calibration points and which is able to eliminate little twist or warp of the scanned map image PY QA X RAR t MENT SIL Fayy qe WE A ARNT G6 he e s LIII 2n u 5 2 Cone Type Projections This projection method has many variations It is used for maps with high scale up to world wide maps f you have a map where latitude or both latitude and longitude lines are curved it is handled as a cone type projection It is much more difficult to extract positions out of such maps because you must remember the actual curving of the latitude and longitude lines at each map point Many road maps are cone projections but instead of having a latitude longitude grid they are divided into arbitrary quadrants by a rectangular grid eee A Oe SL E OUN gt B STUTTGART INFORMATION REIMS 128 950 MoR oo m x l d a M NCHEN INFORMATION MUN P 126 950 BALE RADAR 121 250 Z RICH INFORMATION 124 700 INFORMATION WEST 132 950 A widely available road map in US comes from Thomas Bros and an alteration is available through Trimble called the Trimble Atlas v Ead pial e E m y Rees neh it r NS veriora SB E m a BE mE NIMM TN
36. stment of Resolution and final Save The Newton OS will only display images with a resolution of 72 dpi without any scaling so that a map pixel exactly corresponds to a screen pixel Therefore we must use the Image Size command within menu Image for setting the final resolution within the image header information to 72 dpi This time you must check the box File Size to prevent Photoshop from scaling the map image Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 21 Image Size Current Size 2 63 Width 115 98 cm Height 72 66 cm Resolution 130 pixels inch Lancel New Size 2 63 Width cm Height cm Constrain J Proportions File Size Saving the image on Macintosh You must save the image as a PICT resource file Choose Save As within menu File and select PICT Resource as file type You must also name the resource for later use i e simply use Map Saving the image on Windows You must save the image as a BMP file 12 Cutting the map into several tiles Very often a map is extremely large or consists of several united map sheets It may be an advantage cutting that map into several parts and making seperate map container packages out of each part Using this method you will be able to load only the actually needed map parts into your PDA and therefore save valuable memory Also a scanned map should not exceed a maximum size of 10 000 000 pixels because of the l
37. y Try to find locations ordered in a similar way to method a for best results Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 15 9 3 Calibration of Cone Type projected Maps You will need both the geographic and pixel co ordinates of nine calibration points as shown in the following picture Calibration points 1 2 3 as 4 5 6 as 7 8 9 must have the same latitude value while calibration points 1 4 3 as 2 5 8 as 3 6 9 must have the same longitude value upper lalitude middle latitude lower latitude left middle right longitude longitude longitude As bigger as the distances between point 1 and 3 and between point 1 and 7 will be as more exact will be your finished map because reading errors and measurement errors will be minimised The middle positions should be as good as possible between the outer values but if there is no latitude or longitude line they may be chosen a bit asymmetric as in the next sample In this case you should expect some inaccuracy with positions between the left and middle longitude and between the upper and middle longitude Note down the geographic co ordinates and find the related pixel co ordinates by using Photoshop Chose Show Info within menu Window and activate the selection tool to get a cross hair cursor Map Preparation Package Users Manual Page 16 upper latitude middle latitude lower latitude left middle right longitude longitude longitude F
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