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R&S®FSW-K30 Noise Figure User Manual

1. 188 DISPlay MINFo STAT lt DisplayMode gt This command turns the marker information in all diagrams on and off 7 18 4 Working with Markers Parameters lt DisplayMode gt ON Displays the marker information in the diagrams OFF Hides the marker information in the diagrams RST ON Example DISP MINF OFF Hides the marker information Manual operation See Marker Info on page 92 DISPlay MTABle lt DisplayMode gt This command turns the marker table on and off Parameters lt DisplayMode gt ON Turns the marker table on OFF Turns the marker table off AUTO Turns the marker table on if 3 or more markers are active RST AUTO Example DISP MTAB ON Activates the marker table Manual operation See Marker Table Display on page 91 Positioning Markers If you are using more than one window the application performs the peak search in the window that you have selected with the suffix at CALCulate only Because the mark ers are linked the frequency position of the marker in the other windows is adjusted accordingly even if it means that the marker is on a peak in the selected window only CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXiMUM LEPFT ccccssscccescececescesseseeeceseeecseseeteeeeeseneeeaes 188 CAL Culate nz M AbkermzMAximumNENT 189 CAL Culate nzM Abkercm M AXimumf PDEAK 189 CAL Culate nz M AbkercmzMAximum RICH 189 CAL Culate nz M Abkermz MiN
2. 43 E 12 usteet ee A EE ees 43 e MEME EE 44 uses iore SOP F rEg pp a 44 Eng RE 44 Ir EE EE 44 Tuning Mode Selects the tuning or measurement mode For more information see chapter 4 1 Tuning Modes on page 24 Tuning mode selection is also available via softkeys Sweep Mode Frequency Table Mode Single Frequency Mode in the Sweep menu Note A preamplifier can be activitated or deactivated individually for different tuning modes When you switch tuning modes the defined preamplifier state is adapted Sweep The measurement is based on an automatically generated frequency set Frequency The measurement is based on a customized frequency table Table For more information see chapter 5 2 3 Using a Frequency Table on page 46 Single Fre The measurement measures a single frequency only quency For more information see chapter 5 2 2 Configuring Single Fre quency Measurements on page 45 Remote command Frequency list measurement SENSe CONFigure LIST CONTinuous on page 118 SENSe CONFigure LIST SINGLe on page 118 Single frequency measurement SENSe CONFigure FREQuency CONTinuous on page 117 SENSe CONFigure FREQuency SINGle on page 117 Center Defines the center of the measurement frequency range Defining the Measurement Frequency If you change the center frequency the application will change the start and stop fre quency according to the span you h
3. DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe X SCALe Frequency This command selects the type of frequency displayed on the x axis Parameters Frequency IF Intermediary frequency e g for measurements on frequency converting DUTs RF Radio frequency RST RF Example CONF MODE DUT DOWN The DUT converts the input frequency to a lower output fre quency DISP TRAC X RF Shows the RF frequency on the x axis Manual operation See X Axis on page 86 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe BOTTom Level This command defines the bottom value of the y axis Configuring the Display Parameters Level The value ranges depend on the result display Noise figure 75 dB to 75 dB Noise temperature 999990000 K to 999990000 K Y factor 200 dB to 200 dB Gain 75 dB to 75 dB Power hot 200 dBm to 200 dBm Power cold 200 dBm to 200 dBm Example DISP WIND2 TRAC Y SCAL AUTO OFF DISP WIND2 TRAC Y BOTT Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Auto Scale Min Max on page 86 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe Y SCALe AUTO State This command turns automatic scaling of the y axis on and off Parameters State ON OFF RST ON Example DISP WIND2 TRAC Y AUTO ON Turns on automatic scaling for measurement window 2 Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Auto Scale Min Max on page 86 DISPlay WINDow lt
4. anaran Wy PS eh decade cecneede m 81 Ta EN TIL EE EN GPIB Addtess Ke E EE EN ioc EEEEAES 81 Edit Generator Selup EE 81 Frequency Min Frequency Max 81 Level Min Level Max 81 Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S FSW Generator Type Selects the generator type and thus defines the generator setup file to use Remote command SYSTem COMMunicate RDEVice GENerator TYPE on page 166 Interface Type of interface connection used The following interfaces are currently supported e GPIB e TCP IP not by all generators For details on which signal generators support which interfaces see the documenta tion of the corresponding signal generator Remote command SYSTem COMMunicate RDEVice GENerator INTerface on page 166 TTL Handshake Turning the TTL handshake on and off has no effect for Noise Figure measurements GPIB Address TCP IP Address For LAN connections TCP IP address of the signal generator For GPIB connections GPIB address of the signal generator Remote command SYSTem COMMunicate GPIB RDEVice GENerator ADDRess on page 165 SYSTem COMMunicate TCPip RDEVice GENerator ADDRess on page 166 Reference Selects the internal R amp S FSW or an external frequency reference to synchronize the R amp S FSW with the generator default internal Remote command SOURce EXTernal ROSCillator SOURce on page 165 E
5. As you can have up to four traces simultaneously you can compare the results with different measurement configurations e g if you freeze a trace and use it as a memory trace User Manual 1173 9270 02 13 36 R amp S FSW K30 Measurement Basics 4 9 1 Noise Figure Start 100 0 MHz 10 pts 90 0 MHz RF Stop 1 0 GHz If you change the scaling of the y axis the R amp S FSW automatically adapts the trace data to the changed display range This allows an amplitude zoom to be made after the measurement in order to show details of the trace Using Markers Markers are used to mark points on traces to read out the results of a particular mea surement point or compare results of different traces The noise application provides four markers When you activate a marker the application automatically positions it on the first mea surement point left border of the diagram of trace 1 regardless of how many traces are active A marker is always positioned on the same horizontal position in all active measurement windows If you change the position of a marker in one window the application adjusts the position of that marker in all other measurement windows Thus the marker results for a specific marker are always for the same frequency which makes it easier to compare results Markers in single frequency mode When you use a marker for single frequency measurements the marker is positioned on a particular index val
6. The result of this command is identical to the 1 3 yout REMove WINDow command Example LAY WIND2 REM Removes the result display in window 2 Usage Event LAY out WINDow lt n gt REPLace lt WindowType gt This command changes the window type of an existing window specified by the suffix lt n gt in the active measurement channel The result of this command is identical to the LAYout REPLace WINDow com mand To add a new window use the LAYout WINDow lt n gt ADD command Parameters lt WindowType gt Type of measurement window you want to replace another one with See LAYout ADD WINDow on page 109 for a list of availa ble window types T 5 General Window Commands Example LAY WIND2 REPL MTAB Replaces the result display in window 2 with a marker table General Window Commands The following commands are required to configure general window layout independent of the application DISP FORMAD enee 115 DISPlayEWINBowsns SlZE EE 115 DISPlay FORMat Format This command determines which tab is displayed Parameters Format SPLit Displays the MultiView tab with an overview of all active chan nels SINGIe Displays the measurement channel that was previously focused RST SING Example DISP FORM SPL DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SIZE Size This command maximizes the size of the selected result display window temporarily To change the
7. The vertical axis shows the power in dBm The scale depends on the settings in the Display Configuration dialog box Remote command LAY ADD WIND 2 RIGH CPC see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 109 Results TRACext gt DATA CPCold Result Table Shows the measurement results in numerical form in a table The contents of the table depend on the Display Settings By default it shows the results for the Noise Figure Gain and Y Factor result type Each row represents one measurement point Each column represents one result type The first column shows the measurement frequency If you display the uncertainty result it is displayed in the Noise column next to the Noise Figure result Note that the uncertainty is displayed only after you have turned on the uncertainty calculation and also include the result in the display User Manual 1173 9270 02 13 21 R amp S FSW K30 Measurements and Result Displays The result table shows either the RF or the IF depending on you selection For more information see chapter 6 1 2 Configuring Numerical Results on page 87 4 Result Table Y Factor Remote command LAY ADD WIND 2 RIGH RES see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 109 Results TRACe lt n gt DATA on page 116 Current Values Shows the result at the current measurement point The contents of the Current result display are updated as soon as a new measure ment point is analyzed The result types shown i
8. Query the limit check results CALC LIM FAIL e Defining General Characteristics of a Limit Line 174 e Defining Horizontal Data Points 175 e Controlling Lower Limit Liftes oec there tn rte rod ven 177 Controlling Upper Cnt Elles om tette ite deer tret ette 178 e Managing Limit LINGS ioci Ere iere cune vibe Ee ERE ERR EA PEE PCIE RE EROS 179 Controlling Limit CheekS cuc dort perez eth In etch po doe Eon eo erc po Got n 180 7 17 1 Defining General Characteristics of a Limit Line GAL GOulatesm sDIMIEEKS COMNIS 1 Eee kP e etacee eegen 175 GALCulate n LIMit k NAME innata na tkt ona ante sh aar rd atra partam aeta Dear RR Era ean NEEN 175 CAL GulateIMIESKI TY BE EE 175 T 17 2 Working with Limit Lines CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt COMMent Comment This command defines a comment for a limit line lt n gt is irrelevant Parameters Comment String containing the description of the limit line The comment may have up to 40 characters Manual operation See Comment on page 97 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt NAME Name This command selects a limit line that already exists or defines a name for a new limit line Parameters Name String containing the limit line name RST REM1 to REM8 for lines 1 to 8 Manual operation See Name on page 97 CALCulate LIMit lt k gt TYPE Result This command configures a limit line for a particular result type Par
9. The range depends on the frequency set you have currently defined Because the application only measures selected frequencies it connects the results to draw a trace Negative noise figure and noise temperature From a physical point of view the noise figure and the noise temperature levels have a positive range including zero Because of the mathematical operations the application performs it may also show negative values in some cases This may be due to incorrect calibration or variance of measurement values Single frequency measurements In all graphical result displays the horizontal axis represents a chronological order of measurement results for the frequency you are testing The axis has no unit but is made up out of several index values that represent time Each index value represents EECH User Manual 1173 9270 02 13 15 one measurement point and therefore one measurement on the single frequency you are analyzing The size of the index and thus number of results depends on the num ber of Measurement Points that you have defined Because the application only measures at certain points in time it connects the results to draw a trace The right diagram border represents the present index 7 O values to the left repre sent past measurement results index lt x gt As soon as the application finishes a single measurement the measurement points are moved to the left the new result is added on the right All
10. This command queries the result of a limit check To get a valid result you have to perform a complete measurement with synchroniza tion to the end of the measurement before reading out the result This is only possible for single sweep mode See also INITiate lt n gt CONTinuous on page 147 Return values lt Result gt 0 PASS 1 FAIL Example INIT WAI Starts a new sweep and waits for its end CALC LIM3 FAIL Queries the result of the check for limit line 3 Usage Query only SCPI confirmed CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt STATe lt State gt This command turns the limit check for a specific limit line on and off To query the limit check result use CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt FAIL Note that a new command exists to activate the limit check and define the trace to be checked in one step see CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt TRACe lt t gt CHECk on page 181 Working with Limit Lines lt n gt is irrelevant Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example CALC LIM STAT ON Switches on the limit check for limit line 1 Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Disable All Lines on page 96 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt TRACe lt TraceNumber gt This command links a limit line to one or more traces Note that this command is maintained for compatibility reasons only Limit lines no lon ger need to be assigned to a trace explicitely The trace to be checked can be defined directly
11. To select the ENR table you want to edit use SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe SELect Parameters Frequency lt ENR gt Each entry of the ENR table consists of one measurement point and the corresponding ENR The table can contain up to 500 entries Frequency Frequency of the measurement point The range is from 0 Hz to 999 99 GHz lt ENR gt ENR of the measurement point The range is from 999 99 dB to 999 99 dB Configuring the Noise Source Example CORR ENR MEAS TABL DATA 1MHZ 10 2MHZ 12 Defines a new ENR table with two measurement points Manual operation See New on page 53 See Edit on page 53 See Edit Table on page 54 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe DELete lt TableName gt This command deletes an ENR table Parameters lt TableName gt String containing the name of the table Example CORR ENR MEAS TABL DEL ENRTable Deletes the table with the name ENRTable Usage Event Manual operation See Delete on page 54 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe LIST This command queries all ENR tables available in the application Return values lt Tables gt String containing the names of the tables as a comma separated list Example CORR ENR TABL LIST would return e g Tablel Table2 Table3 Usage Query only SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe SELect lt TableName gt This comman
12. lt Stepsize gt Range 0 Hz to span RST 100 MHz 7 8 Selecting DUT Characteristics Example FREQ STEP 100MHZ Defines a stepsize of 100 MHz Manual operation See Step on page 44 SENSe FREQuency STOP lt Frequency gt This command defines the stop frequency If you change the stop frequency the application creates a new frequency list Parameters lt Frequency gt RST RST value Example FREQ STOP 900MHZ Defines a stop frequency of 900 MHz Manual operation See Start and Stop Frequency on page 44 Selecting DUT Characteristics The following commands are necessary to define DUT characteristics SENSe CONFigure MODE SYSTem IF FREQuency eese 121 SENSe CONFigure MODE SYSTem LO FREQuUency i aidaa ean daa KENE 121 SENSe CONFigure MODE DU ripa cc Eua ne eramus ac ca op etate n a REENEN aS 122 SENSeJCORRectionm B EJeclign 1 nci ir detinet Rete RC EES 122 SENSe CONFigure MODE SYSTem IF FREQuency Frequency This command defines the frequency for DUTs with a fixed IF Parameters Frequency Range 0 Hz to 100 GHz RST 10 MHZ if frequency converting mode has been selected Example CONF MODE SYST IF FREO 1GHZ Defines a fixed IF of 1 GHz Manual operation See IF Fixed on page 48 SENSe CONFigure MODE SYSTem LO FREQuency lt LOFrequency gt This command defines the frequency for DUTs with a fixed LO Parameters lt LOF
13. up to two markers or in the marker table if you use more than two markers Marker information in diagram area By default the results of the last two markers or delta markers that were activated are displayed in the diagram area The following information is displayed there User Manual 1173 9270 02 13 38 Using Markers e The marker type M for normal D for delta or special function name e The marker number 1 to 4 The assigned trace number in square brackets The marker value on the y axis e The marker position on the x axis Marker information in marker table In addition to the marker information displayed within the diagram area a separate marker table may be displayed in a separate window For more information on the con tents of the marker table see Marker Table on page 22 Configuration Overview 9 Configuration Noise figure measurements require a special application on the R amp S FSW which you activate using the MODE key The Noise Source Control connector on the R amp S FSW is also a prerequisite for the R amp S FSW Noise measurements application Without this connector no measurement can be performed When you activate a measurement channel in the Noise application a measurement for the input signal is started automatically with the default configuration The Noise Figure menu is displayed and provides access to the most important configuration functions Unavailable hardkeys Note
14. 8 0 GHz The Y factor indicates the quality of measurement tolerances and uncertainties To get the result the application measures the power with the noise source turned on hot power and the noise source turned off cold power but without the DUT inserted Y Factor Non off with Non Noise power dB with noise source on Nof Noise power dB with noise source off The vertical axis shows the linear relation The scale depends on the settings in the Display Configuration dialog box Remote command LAY ADD WIND 2 RIGH CYF see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 109 Results TRACe lt t gt DATA CYFactor IESSE User Manual 1173 9270 02 13 20 R amp S FSW K30 Measurements and Result Displays Cal Power Hot Shows the absolute power characteristics at the instrument input during the calibration measurement The noise source is turned on the DUT is not inserted 6 Cal Power hot 1 Clrw 10 0 MHz11 pts799 MHz RF 8 0 GHz The vertical axis shows the power in dBm The scale depends on the settings in the Display Configuration dialog box Remote command LAY ADD WIND 2 RIGH CPH see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 109 Results TRACex lt t gt DATA CPHot Cal Power Cold Shows the absolute power characteristics at the instrument input during the calibration measurement The noise source is turned off the DUT is not inserted 7 Cal Power cold 10 0 MHz11 pts799 0 MHz RF 8 0 GHz
15. Channel settings hee cede 41 Results Data format remote RE atten atiol uitis nre deret Media ee RF overrange External Mixer Room temperatute 2 en iaai RUN CONT p 67 RUN SINGLE KY 68 S Saving METI OS cce descen c ta ten E e OI oaa 98 Sensitivity RBW e Sequel ol ueris o d dea een or e PER EEE Aborting remote t Activating remote etes 148 Mode remote EE 149 Remote s Settling time Setup files External Generator ico ect tote emet coe 81 Shift x MIME OS UTR 98 Shift y Lirmitities scio edet eU pee causa ds dca Nene ei ned 98 Signal ID External MIXE sanipun enki viti ei nodo 74 External Mixer Remote control 161 Single sweep epic 68 Softkeys Continuous EE 67 Line Config Dll ec aS ai Next Min EE Next Peak a Notti Deler 5 5 ra eer tare rr emat satan ne epe iced etos Dig Single Sweep SPAN EE Specifics for Belt le ul 42 Start ME ne 44 Step size EE 44 le E Le 44 Suffixes Remote commands itt ence ke tds 101 Sweep ABDOMINO EEN 67 68 Time remote ciiin cott rte ir eee ette 137 SWOBD UETIO so cori tnos este D Rak re deed 59 T TCP IP Address External generator ossssseseeeesieesreserenen 81 External generator gedoe geg Sda EH EN Us E 52 MAC C3 ac
16. Manual operation See Input Output Match on page 64 Using the Uncertainty Calculator CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh DUT OUT VSWR lt VSWR gt This command defines the VSWR at the DUT output Parameters lt VSWR gt RST 1 0 Example CALC UNC MATC DUT OUT 2 0 Defines a VSWR of 2 0 at the DUT output Manual operation See Input Output Match on page 64 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh PREamp RL lt ReturnLoss gt This command defines the return loss at the input of the preamplifier Parameters lt ReturnLoss gt RST 13 98 dB Example CALC UNC MATC PRE RL 14 5DB Defines a return loss of 14 5 dB CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh PREamp VSWR lt VSWR gt This command defines the VSWR at the input of the preamplifier The command is available if you have turned on the preamplifier with CALCulate UNCertainty PREamp STATe on page 145 Parameters lt VSWR gt RST 15 Example CALC UNC MATC PRE 1 8 Defines a VSWR of 1 8 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh SOURce CALibration VSWR lt VSWR gt This command defines the VSWR at the calibration noise source output This command is available when SENSe CORRection ENR COMMon and CALCulate UNCertainty COMMon are off Parameters VSWR RST 1 15 Example CALC UNC MATC SOUR CAL 1 4 Defines a VSWR of 1 4 Manual operation See Output Match on page 63 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh SOURce CALibration RL lt ReturnLoss gt This command defines th
17. SENSe SWEep POINts on page 119 Step Defines the frequency step size in the frequency table The stepsize corresponds to the distance between two consecutive measurement points 5 2 2 Defining the Measurement Frequency If you change the stepsize the application will change the measurement point accord ing to the span The Stepsize setting is also available via the FREQ key Remote command SENSe FREQuency STEP on page 120 Configuring Single Frequency Measurements The Frequency Config tab in the Frequency Settings dialog box contains settings that define the frequency characteristics for the measurement In order to get accurate results changing the frequency may require a new calibration Frequency Config Tuning Mode Single Frequency Frequency Single 10 0 MHz Coupled to Sweep List On Off Points Sindle e Un Le DEE 45 Goupled IO E ie refiere dete veri rv pie er ree titor vd 45 Measurement PONS eicit rit tnra peat sas sede cred dan pee ege 46 Single Frequency Defines the frequency that the single frequency measurement is performed on 95fb1617687e42d0 htm The Single setting is also available via the FREQ key Remote command SENSe FREQuency SING1le on page 119 Coupled to Sweep List Couples or decouples frequency selection to the contents of a sweep list If you couple the frequency to the sweep list the application allows you to select only th
18. SENSe CORRsction ENREMEASurement T Y PE iens aeter en epe bee vea VE aa EA 128 SENSe CORRection IREJection SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut MODE SENSe CORRsction EOSS INPuUtSPQOT itii tete bite cete enne det dasa eee denied 131 SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut TABL iiec treten ca eri reet hence cer tee ccc eee dana 131 SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut TABLE DELE tesnenie e Pee the teer na 131 SENSe CORRection EOSS INPut TABLe SELB6ct iiiter cte t ctr ct eset t eu send 132 SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut MODE eeseseesseeeeseeee eene enne nnne nnne nnns nnne tnnt innen ens SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut SPOT SENSe CORRSction LOSS OU TPut TABLG 3 ener en irre eri e ERR rr E since SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut TABLe DELete AA 133 SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut TABLe SELect eese nennen nennen 133 SENSe CORRection TEMPerature SENSE CORRECHION S TAT 6 T ISENS eelerer n rtc reri tenen rer ep Cop ci ein e e gc x dede e rede SENSe FREQuency LIST DATA SENSE FREQUENC esc SENSe FREQuency SINGIe COUPling ied ecco treten eet oa pte ene e rper e e EU d 119 SENS FREQUENCY SPAN CT SENSE FREQUEN VS TARE EE SENSe FREQ ehcy S TER ege tree rente rrt ner tere a n E Ee d ER E en paa SENSE FREQUENCY Re SENSe MIXer BIAS HIGH SENSe MIXer BIAS HL e nnes ra gene eet aiani SENSe MIXer FREQue
19. Separating Signals by Selecting an Appropriate Resolution Bandwidth 36 Analyzing Several Traces Trace Mode eene 36 USING Marker 37 Configuratio sisien 40 Configuration Overview eeeeeeesseeeeeeeeeeeenne nennen nenne nennen nennen nen nn REENEN 40 Defining the Measurement Frequency eene nnne nnn 42 Defining a Frequency Sel ro tet tec ee b tU d P e i read eR 42 5 2 2 5 2 3 5 3 5 4 5 4 1 5 4 2 5 4 3 5 5 5 5 1 5 5 2 5 6 5 6 1 5 6 2 5 7 5 7 1 5 7 2 5 7 3 5 7 4 5 8 5 9 5 9 1 5 9 2 5 9 3 6 1 6 1 1 6 1 2 6 2 6 3 6 3 1 6 3 2 6 4 6 4 1 Configuring Single Frequency Measurements net 45 Using a Frequency Table oretenus aee au de eaa eat 46 Selecting DUT Characteristics eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenenennnnen nennen nennen 47 Configuring the Noise Source eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenn enne nnne nennen nennen nn 49 Selecting the Type of Noise Gource nennen 49 Defining the Noise Source Charactertstce sss 50 Using an ENR or Temperature Table onere tendere 52 Configuring Additional Loss esses enne nennen nnn nnne nnn 55 oiie Ea a 55 Using a Loss Table etaed tta e acce erga ce eut ed a 57 Configuring the Analyzer Lees eene enne nennen nennen innen nnn
20. the order of harmonic is defined by the user The order of har monic can be between 2 and 61 the lowest usable frequency being 26 5 GHz Remote command SENSe MIXer HARMonic LOW on page 161 SENSe MIXer HARMonic HIGH VALue on page 160 Conversion loss Mixer Settings Harmonics Configuration Defines how the conversion loss is handled The following methods are available Average Defines the average conversion loss for the entire range in dB Table Defines the conversion loss via the table selected from the list Pre defined conversion loss tables are often provided with the external mixer and can be imported to the R amp S FSW Alternatively you can define your own conversion loss tables Imported tables are checked for compatibility with the current settings before being assigned Conversion loss tables are configured and managed in the Conver sion Loss Table tab For details on importing tables see Import Table on page 76 Remote command Average for range 1 SENSe MIXer LOSS LOW on page 162 Table for range 1 SENSe MIXer LOSS TABLe LOW on page 162 Average for range 2 SENSe MIXer LOSS HIGH on page 162 Table for range 2 SENSe MIXer LOSS TABLe HIGH on page 162 5 9 2 2 Basic Settings Access Overview gt Input Frontend gt Input Source gt External Mixer gt Basic Settings or INPUT OUTPUT gt Input Source Config gt Input Source gt Externa
21. 76 Delete Ta nannaa d ee eege 76 liso TONS CE 76 New Table Opens the Edit Conversion loss table dialog box to configure a new conversion loss table For details on table configuration see chapter 5 9 2 4 Creating and Editing Con version Loss Tables on page 77 Remote command SENSe CORRection CVL SELect on page 157 Edit Table Opens the Edit Conversion loss table dialog box to edit the selected conversion loss table For details on table configuration see chapter 5 9 2 4 Creating and Editing Con version Loss Tables on page 77 Remote command SENSe CORRection CVL SELect on page 157 Delete Table Deletes the currently selected conversion loss table after you confirm the action Remote command SENSe CORRection CVL CLEAr on page 155 Import Table Imports a stored conversion loss table from any directory and copies it to the instru ments C r_s instr user cv1 directory It can then be assigned for use for a specific frequency range see Conversion loss on page 73 Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S FSW 5 9 2 4 Creating and Editing Conversion Loss Tables Access Overview gt Input Frontend gt Input Source gt External Mixer gt Conver sion Loss Table New Table Edit Table or INPUT OUTPUT gt Input Source Config gt Input Source gt External Mixer gt Conversion Loss Table New Table Edit Table Conversion loss tables can be newly defined a
22. CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt CLEar IMMediate CAL Culate lt n gt LIMitsk gt e ell riore erholt sere geen thon CALGulatesris EIMitsks CONTEOISBIIEL roa ie eerta ete toi iet rre rir Re reb t Eee CALCulate n LIMit k CONTroOl DATA iesirea enne nenne nennen nennen Sea CAEGulatesn EIMitske COPY ueteri pte tpe P cn bns e P dva ep e Nt v c cx pute De CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt LOWer SHIFt CAL ele LOWES TAT EE CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt LOWer DATA CALG latesn gt Elle d EEN CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt STATe e reri Ee CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt UR et SECHER deeg ntt ergata nee 181 CAL Culatesn gt iEIMitsk gt UPPer SEE cii coo ctor cea ed erties Aiea ta ena e Fia dte 178 CALCulatesn LIMit k UPPer S TA ME 178 CALGulate n LIMitsks UP Per DATA tae pcm tpi etr ecc tiet recta Phe 178 CALCulate lt n gt MARKErsim gt 2AQ e einnehmen dede nee snb o abc sedat auae dE S p LUN RENERE CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum LEFT CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum NEXT CAL Culate nz MAbkercmz MA NimumbRIlCGHt eene enne enn rnnt nnns innen CALCulate n MARKer m MAXimumy PEAK 2 onto tarnen tnr nnn rn rna enin GAL GCulatesn MARKer m MINimbu rmibEEF T 1 itk indere necem rer er reae t CAL Culate nz MAbkerczmz MiNimumNENT CALCulate n MARKer m MINimumt RIGE uci geere pe ecco nna ae Eua CALCulate lt n gt MARKer
23. Conventions Used in the Documentation eee 9 Typographical Conventos essersi nei senna eaa vade o aant EINEN 9 Conventions for Procedure Descrpoitons 10 Notes on Screenshots anseris etie ecc Ad nv adi Aar a d dg v oaa 10 Welcome to the Noise Figure Measurement Application 11 Starting the Application lueeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseseeeeeeen nennen nenne EEN 11 Understanding the Display Information eese 12 Measurements and Result Displays eeeeeeees 15 Lctiigirpd4 rrl 24 Lii 24 Swept Meas rermients error uper nott rate de Rua c van n tard ro aka a 25 Frequency Table Measurements 2 rada coe tae asa d d da 25 Single Frequency Measurements nere ie eee aa nao c e ad anana 25 Measurement Modies iiec creen teer inma S ANNANN ENESA KANENN ANANKE ESANEAN 26 DUT TY 28 Measurements on Linear DU Ts ecce coe erret dert ee rede e edere 28 Measurements on Frequency Converting DUTe sse 28 External Generator Control eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee nennen nennen nennen na 29 Image Frequency Rejection eeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenenen nennen nnne nnn nnne nnns 31 Calibration 2nd Stage Correction eeeeeseeeseeeeeeeneeneneennns 33
24. Epub REESEN 130 SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration SPOT COLD Temperature This command defines a constant temperature of a resistor not supplied with power Toga used during calibration The command is available when you have selected a noise source with resistor char acteristics with SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration TYPE Parameters Temperature Temperature in degrees Kelvin RST 77K Example CORR ENR CAL TYPE RES CORR ENR CAL SPOT COLD 100 Defines a cold temperature of 100 K Manual operation See Calibration on page 51 SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration SPOT HOT lt Temperature gt This command defines a constant temperature of a resistor supplied with power Thot used during calibration The command is available when you have selected a noise source with resistor char acteristics with SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration TYPE Parameters Temperature Temperature in degrees Kelvin RST 77K Example CORR ENR TYPE RES CORR ENR CAL SPOT HOT 300 Defines a cold temperature of 300 K Manual operation See Calibration on page 51 SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration MODE Mode This command selects the ENR mode for the calibration This command is available when you use different noise sources for calibration and measurement SENSe CORRection ENR COMMon OFF Configuring the Noise Source Parameters Mode
25. Frequency RF Input 151 e Exterial MIXGI EE 153 e tere sees tere E Us bee ter Po Eee de Pa LEE PU E DE EE EHE REPE IS 164 7 14 4 Radio Frequency RF Input WIPO OBPIIO EE 151 lena cm M H E 152 INPutFIETerHPASSESTATe E 152 INPUEFIL T YIG STATE Mem 153 INPut COUPling lt CouplingType gt This command selects the coupling type of the RF input Configuring the Inputs and Outputs Parameters lt CouplingType gt AC AC coupling DC DC coupling RST AC Example INP COUP DC Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Input Coupling on page 69 INPut IMPedance Impedance This command selects the nominal input impedance of the RF input In some applica tions only 50 O are supported 75 Q should be selected if the 50 Q input impedance is transformed to a higher impe dance using a matching pad of the RAZ type 25 Q in series to the input impedance of the instrument The power loss correction value in this case is 1 76 dB 10 log 750 500 Parameters Impedance 50 75 RST 500 Example INP IMP 75 Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Impedance on page 69 INPut FILTer HPASs STATe lt State gt Activates an additional internal high pass filter for RF input signals from 1 GHz to 3 GHz This filter is used to remove the harmonics of the R amp S FSW in order to mea sure the harmonics for a DUT for example This function requires an add
26. LIMit k CONTrol DATA lf not the R amp S FSW either adds missing values or ignores surplus values RST Limit line state is OFF Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Data points on page 98 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt LOWer SHIFt lt Distance gt This command moves a complete lower limit line vertically Compared to defining an offset this command actually changes the limit line definition points by the value you define Parameters lt Distance gt Defines the distance that the limit line moves Manual operation See Shift y on page 98 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt LOWer STATe lt State gt This command turns a lower limit line on and off Before you can use the command you have to select a limit line with CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt NAME on page 175 lt n gt is irrelevant Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Visibility on page 96 Working with Limit Lines 7 17 4 Controlling Upper Limit Lines CALOCulate n LIMit k UPPer DATA 178 CALDCulatespmeLIMitESESUPPaer SPP E 178 Ee E ET CN KEE 178 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt UPPer DATA lt LimitLinePoints gt This command defines the vertical definition points of an upper limit line lt n gt is irrelevant Parameters lt LimitLinePoints gt Variable number of level values Note that the number of vertical values has to be the same as the number of horizo
27. MEASurement TYPE on page 128 Calibration SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration TYPE on page 125 Defining the Noise Source Characteristics The ENR TEMP Settings tab in the ENR Settings dialog box contains settings to characterize the noise source The noise characteristics of noise sources with diode characteristics are ususally defined by their ENR Excess Noise Ratio The noise characteristics of noise sources with resistor characteristics are defined by their noise or ambient temperatures Thot and Tg Teo is typically at a very low temperature of liquid nytrogen or liquid helium Both noise source types may have different ENR values during the calibration and the measurement stage You can use either the same type of noise source for both cali bration and measurement or use different types of noise sources for calibration and measurement ENR TEMP Settings Table Settings Noise Source o Constant DNE 0 0 K KSE 100000 0 K al Table Common Noise Source On Off Calibration Noise Source on Constant Le Table Temperature WASPS lib oed recette cman Pie pape cre aite tere vetuit ede etn ie ete eate t tare d eee ted 51 Common Noise SOUFGB cie eese tepore eee bd een esce et eeu e tede eeepc e deque cet eth cedere even este 51 IC eps 10 EE 51 Rule 52 Configuring the Noise Source Measurement Selects the source of the ENR or temperature values The frequency characteristics m
28. Measurement Frequency The DUT button or the Frequency Settings softkey open a dialog to configure the measurement frequencies e Defining a Ee 42 e Configuring Single Frequency Measurements renn 45 e Using a Frequency Table enne nnne ennt 46 5 2 4 Defining a Frequency Set The Frequency Config tab in the Frequency Settings dialog box contains settings that define the frequency characteristics for the measurement The information in this tab is also the basis for an automatic population of the fre quency table All parameters of this dialog are interdependent If you change one parameter at least one other parameter will be changed by the application D In order to get accurate results changing a frequency set may require a new calibra tion Preamplifier D If a preamplifier is used make sure the defined and possibly upconverted IF frequen cies for the measurement stay below the maximum frequency the preamplifier sup ports For the R amp S FSW B22 option the maximum frequency is 7 GHz However the preamplifier can be activitated or deactivated individually for different tuning modes For example for a sweep mode which requires a span above 7 GHz it is deactivated while for a single frequency measurement at 1 GHz it can be activated Defining the Measurement Frequency Frequency Config ecd 1 05 GHz Span 1 9 GHz Points 20 Start 100 0 MHz M must
29. Port LO and IF data use the same port 3 Port LO and IF data use separate ports Remote command SENSe MIXer PORTs on page 163 Mixer Settings Harmonics Configuration The harmonics configuration determines the frequency range for user defined bands see Band on page 71 Range 1 2 Mixer Settings Harmonics Configuration Enables the use of a second range based on another harmonic frequency of the mixer to cover the band s frequency range For each range you can define which harmonic to use and how the Conversion loss is handled Remote command SENSe MIXer HARMonic HIGH STATe on page 160 Harmonic Type Mixer Settings Harmonics Configuration Defines if only even only odd or even and odd harmonics can be used for conversion Depending on this selection the order of harmonic to be used for conversion changes see Harmonic Order on page 72 Which harmonics are supported depends on the mixer type Remote command SENSe MIXer HARMonic TYPE on page 160 Harmonic Order Mixer Settings Harmonics Configuration Defines which order of the harmonic of the LO frequencies is used to cover the fre quency range By default the lowest order of the specified harmonic type is selected that allows con version of input signals in the whole band If due to the LO frequency the conversion is not possible using one harmonic the band is split Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S FSW For the band USER
30. Result display 5 Softkey bar 6 Status bar User Manual 1173 9270 02 13 12 Understanding the Display Information Channel bar information The channel bar contains information about the current measurement setup progress and results Fig 2 2 Channel bar of the Noise Figure application Ref Level Reference level of the R amp S FSW Att Attenuation of the R amp S FSW RBW Resolution bandwidth SWT Sweep time AVG Number of averages ENR Excess noise ratio 2nd Stage Corr State of the 2nd stage correction Calibration Data Date and time of the current calibration data Mode Currently selected measurement mode Window title bar information For each diagram the header provides the following information 2 Gain D 2 GI 9 Fig 2 3 Window title bar information for the Noise Figure application 1 Window number 2 Window type 3 Trace color and number 4 Trace mode Status bar information Global instrument settings the instrument status and any irregularities are indicated in the status bar beneath the diagram Furthermore the progress of the current operation is displayed in the status bar Understanding the Display Information Risk of damaging the instrument Make sure not to overload the input mixer during calibration and the measurement An overload condition may damage or destroy the input mixer If an ocerload condition occurs the R amp S FSW shows a corresponding message in the stat
31. STATe on page 163 Parameters lt BiasSetting gt RST 0 0A Default unit A Manual operation See Bias Settings on page 75 SENSe MIXer FREQuency HANDover Frequency This command defines the frequency at which the mixer switches from one range to the next if two different ranges are selected The handover frequency for each band can be selected freely within the overlapping frequency range This command is only available if the external mixer is active see SENSe MIXer STATe on page 163 Parameters Frequency numeric value Example MIX ON Activates the external mixer MIX FREQ HAND 78 0299GHz Sets the handover frequency to 78 0299 GHz Manual operation See Handover Freq on page 71 SENSe MIXer FREQuency STARt This command queries the frequency at which the external mixer band starts Example MIX FREQ STAR Queries the start frequency of the band Usage Query only Manual operation See RF Start RF Stop on page 71 Configuring the Inputs and Outputs SENSe MIXer FREQuency STOP This command queries the frequency at which the external mixer band stops Example MIX FREQ STOP Queries the stop frequency of the band Usage Query only Manual operation See RF Start RF Stop on page 71 SENSe MIXer HARMonic BAND PRESet This command restores the preset frequency ranges for the selected standard wave guide band Note Changes to the band and mixer settings are maintai
32. Sep Selects the decimal separator for floating point numerals for the arator ASCII Trace export Evaluation programs require different separators in different languages Export Trace Opens a file selection dialog box and saves the selected trace in to ASCII File ASCII format to the specified file and directory Remote command Decimal separator FORMat DEXPort DSEParator on page 172 Export trace to ASCII file MMEMory STORe lt n gt TRACe on page 173 Selecting a trace FORMat DEXPort TRACes on page 172 Export the header FORMat DEXPort HEADer on page 172 Using Markers Markers help you to read out measurement results for particular frequencies or mark a particular point on a trace The noise figure application features four markers Markers in the noise figure application are linked If you use more than one measurement win dow and activate a marker in one window it also appears in all other measurement windows on the same horizontal position Marker Le E DEE 89 Marker Posllioniig i erret eta NEEN SEA SEENEN 92 Marker Configuration The Marker Configuration dialog box and the Marker menu contain all functionality necessary to control markers You can access the Marker menu with the MKR key and the Marker Configuration dialog box with the Marker Config softkey The Marker Configuration dialog box consists of two tabs The Markers tab contains functionlity to define characteristics f
33. String containing the name of the channel The parameter is optional If you omit it the command works for the currently active channel Usage Query only STATus OPERation CONDition STATus QUEStionable CONDition STATus QUEStionable CORRection CONDition lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable LIMit CONDition lt ChannelIName gt These commands read out the CONDition section of the status register R amp S FSW K30 Remote Control Commands for Noise Measurements EH The commands do not delete the contents of the EVEN section Query parameters lt ChannelName gt String containing the name of the channel The parameter is optional If you omit it the command works for the currently active channel Usage Query only STATus OPERation ENABle lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable ENABle lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable CORRection ENABle lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable LIMit ENABle lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt These commands control the ENABle part of a register The ENABle part allows true conditions in the EVENt part of the status register to bere ported in the summary bit If a bit is 1 in the enable register and its associated event bit transitions to true a positive transition will occur in the summary bit reported to the next higher level Parameters lt SumBit gt Range 0 to 65535 lt ChannelName gt String containing the name of the channel Th
34. Table tuning mode Frequency Table Tuning Mode Sweep 10 000 MHz 10 000 MHz 10 000 MHz 2 659 GHz 2 659 GHz 2 659 GHz 5 308 GHz 5 308 GHz 5 308 GHz 7 957 GHz 7 957 GHz 7 957 GHz 10 606 GHz 10 606 GHz 10 606 GHz 13 255 GHz 13 255 GHz 13 255 GHz 15 904 GHz 15 904 GHz 15 904 GHz eS Pm Ree 47 I II 47 Populate KEE 47 Selecting DUT Characteristics hk 47 BICI LT 47 Ire lge MOV ONE RE 47 Frequency Table Shows the current measurement points The table is made up of one column that represents the measurement frequency Each frequency corresponds to one measurement point The length of the table is variable When you perform measurements in Sweep or Single Frequency tuning mode the contents of the table have no effect on the measurement When you select a table entry in Frequency Table tuning mode you can edit it or add a new frequency below the selected frequency A new frequency has to be greater than the last table entry and smaller than the next table entry Clear Table Deletes the contents of the table Populate Table Populates or restores the measurement frequencies based on the center frequency the start and stop frequencies the span the stepsize and the number of measurement points Remote command SENSe FREQuency LIST DATA on page 118 Insert Inserts a new measurement point above the one you have selected Delete Del
35. actual attenuation for the image rejection Harmonics mixer measurement For a harmonics mixer the input signals are not only converted to the IF by the wanted harmonic but also by the harmonic of the LO signal produced in the mixer In many cases the mixer even features a lower conversion loss in the case of unwanted har monics For measurements on this type of mixer you have to use a bandpass filter to make sure that that there is only noise at the desired input frequency at the input of the DUT This measurement is similar to measurements on a mixer with an average side band suppression Calibration 2nd Stage Correction The calibration procedure of the application measures the inherent noise of the R amp S FSW you are using Performing calibration therefore is recommended as it increa ses the accuracy of measurement results The results get more accurate because the R amp S FSW K30 Measurement Basics pam M M H ee eee application takes the inherent noise of the analyzer into account while it calculates the results Calibration for noise figure measurements is also known as 2nd stage correction This term is used because in a typical noise figure test setup the DUT represents the first stage and the analyzer the second stage in the test setup It is independent of the overall calibration state of the analyzer and does not calibrate D The 2nd stag
36. cally if the 2nd stage correction is on Note that the range should not exceed the actual gain of the DUT by more than 10 dB Remote command SYSTem CONFigure DUT GAIN on page 137 RF Attenuation Defines the RF attenuation of the analyzer The attenuation is applied to the signal at the RF input Attenuation affects the quality of the noise measurement results For a low noise figure of the analyzer and thus more accurate measurement results you should keep the attenuation as low as possible No attenuation is best However some high power DUTs require attenuation to avoid an overload of the analyzer An attenuation of 10 dB will give better input VSWR of the analyzer but will result in a deteriorating noise fig ure Remote command INPut ATTenuation on page 135 Preamplifier Turns the preamplifier on and off The preamplifier should be turned on for a low inherent noise of the analyzer For R amp S FSW26 or higher models the gain is 30 dB if the preamplifier is activated For the other models you can select a gain of 15 dB or 30 dB Remote command INPut GAIN STATe on page 135 5 7 Using the Uncertainty Calculator Using the Uncertainty Calculator Noise figure measurements are subject to uncertainty This measurement uncertainty has to be considered when making a noise figure measurement The noise figure mea surement will be meaningless if the measurement uncertainty is too large Knowing the uncertainty of the
37. charac ters Remote command CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt COMMent on page 175 Limit Line Settings and Functions Y Axis Describes the vertical axis on which the data points of the limit line are defined You can select the type of limit line upper or lower for each type of result From that information the application sets the level unit and y axis scaling Both are then fix parameters because the unit depends on the result and the scaling is always absolute in case of noise figure measurements Data points Each limit line is defined by a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 200 data points Each data point is defined by its position x axis and value y value Data points must be defined in ascending order The same position can have two different values Remote command CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt CONTrol DATA on page 176 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt LOWer DATA on page 177 CALCulate n LIMit k UPPer DATA on page 178 Insert Value Inserts a data point in the limit line above the selected one in the Edit Limit Line dia log box Delete Value Deletes the selected data point in the Edit Limit Line dialog box Shift x Shifts the x value of each data point horizontally by the defined shift width Remote command CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt CONTrol SHIFt on page 176 Shift y Shifts the y value of each data point vertically by the defined shift width Remote command CALCulate lt n gt L
38. delta marker 1 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt Y Result This command queries the relative position of a delta marker on the y axis If necessary the command activates the delta marker first To get a valid result you have to perform a complete measurement with synchroniza tion to the end of the measurement before reading out the result This is only possible for single sweep mode See also INITiate lt n gt CONTinuous on page 147 The unit depends on the application of the command 7 18 3 Working with Markers Parameters Result Selects the result CPCold Queries calibration power cold results CPHot Queries calibration power hot results CYFactor Queries calibration y factor results GAIN Queries gain reuslts NOISe Queries noise figure results PCOLd Queries power cold results PHOT Queries power hot results TEMPerature Queries noise temperature results YFACtor Queries y factor results Return values Position Position of the delta marker in relation to the reference marker or the fixed reference Example INIT CONT OFF Switches to single sweep mode INIT WAI Starts a sweep and waits for its end CALC DELT2 ON Switches on delta marker 2 CALC DELT2 Y Outputs measurement value of delta marker 2 Usage Query only Manual operation See Marker Table on page 22 Configuring Markers E vm e ae Ec Pa RETE TTE 187 BIS Play MAB
39. firmware new and modified func tions eliminated problems and last minute changes to the documentation The corre sponding firmware version is indicated on the title page of the release notes The most recent release notes are also available for download from the Rohde amp Schwarz website on the R amp S FSW product page at http www rohde schwarz com product FSW html Downloads Firmware Application Notes Application notes application cards white papers and educational notes are further publications that provide more comprehensive descriptions and background informa tion The latest versions are available for download from the Rohde amp Schwarz web site at www rohde schwarz com appnote 1 3 Conventions Used in the Documentation 1 3 1 Typographical Conventions The following text markers are used throughout this documentation Convention Description Graphical user interface ele All names of graphical user interface elements on the screen such as ments dialog boxes menus options buttons and softkeys are enclosed by quotation marks KEYS Key names are written in capital letters File names commands File names commands coding samples and screen output are distin program code guished by their font Input Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics 1 3 2 1 3 3 Conventions Used in the Documentation Convention Description Links Links that you can cli
40. frequency If you do so the appli cation activates a filter that suppresses the image frequency to a certain extent The following illustrations help you to configure the measurement in order to measure correctly For more information on how to configure image rejection see Image Rejection on page 49 Double sideband measurements Double sideband mixers use both sidebands to the same extent Both RF and image frequency should be converted In that case you have to turn image rejection off Image Frequency Rejection go M IRL fir fre flo fimage fio frequency of the local oscillator fp intermediate frequency fpr flo fap lower sideband fio fe fimage Upper sideband fio fir If image rejection is on the results have a 3 dB error noise figure results are 3 dB lower than they should be gain results are 3 dB higher than in reality Single sideband measurements Single sideband mixers use a single sideband only In that case you have to suppress the sideband that is not required If you do so the measurement is pretty straightfor ward and works like a measurement on an amplifier 999 dB fir fre flo fimage To suppress a sideband completely it is best to set the image rejection to the maxi mum amount possible 999 99 dB Partial sideband suppression For measurements on mixers with a low image frequency rejection there are two test scenarios Mixers whose image rejection is known Mixers whose
41. its gain RST 20 dB Example CALC UNC PRE GAIN 15DB Defines a gain of 15 dB Using the Uncertainty Calculator CALCulate UNCertainty PREamp NOISe lt NoiseLevel gt This command defines the noise level of an external preamplifier that may be part of the test setup Parameters NoiseLevel Noise level of the preamplifier Refer to the data sheet of the preamplfier to determine its noise level RST 5 dB Example CALC UNC PRE NOIS 10DB Defines a noise level of 10 dB CALCulate UNCertainty PREamp STATe State This command includes or excludes an external preamplifier from the uncertainty cal culation If the test setup uses an external preamplifier you also have to define its noise figure and gain values Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example CALC UNC PRE STAT ON Turns the preamplifier on CALCulate UNCertainty RESult This command queries the uncertainty of noise figure results Return values Uncertainty Measurement uncertainty in dB Example CALC UNC Queries the uncertainty Usage Query only CALCulate UNCertainty SANalyzer GAIN UNCertainty This command queries the uncertainty value of the spectrum analyzer s internal gain Return values Uncertainty Gain uncertainty of the spectrum analyzer in dB Example CALC UNC SAN GAIN UNC Queries the gain uncertainty Usage Query only 7 13 Performing Measurements CALCulate UNCertainty SANalyzer NOISe U
42. lt m gt MINimum PEAK E CALCulatesnz MARKers m TRAGG ceat nto cerae TEES RAE EEEO EEN EEEE DER d SEATED N CAL Culate lt n gt iMARKGrsim gt 2X ER 183 GAL Culatesrs MARKSGr m Y rei rr ee eO Force ente ea EE Eve cape E RE b TR EDEN EE RETE CHR 183 ee EE Oe E RAR KC 182 DISPlay FORMAL eniro tdem E P Mp o TRE dn e a RYE ias 115 Tele d HTH KC RE 187 DISPlay MTABle E T DISPlayEWINDOWSETIZT SIZE rare eter rtt PR EN EN rer Nep typ epp rre Hed e Ye TENERE 115 RUE SEVEN E RN E OT EE 168 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt YRACe X SCALo oot niet tne sat rete ene tenuto petri 168 DISPlayEWINbow n TRAGCe Y SCAL6e AU FE cocotte etc beret optet tpi pee eee Cha 169 DISPlayE WINDowsn gt TRAGest gt MODE wv ie i paie c eric ager bte tae cn rete rs 170 DiSblavfWiNDow nz TRACectGvlGCAletpO Tom neret 168 DISPlay WINDow n TRACe t Y SCALe RLEVVel essent eene rennes 134 DiSblavlWiNDow cnzl TRACectGTGCALelbRlEVetAUTO eene tnnt nennen 134 DISPlay WiINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y ESCALe TOP 169 DISPlayiWINDowsn gt TRACe lt t ESTAT E n erie 171 FORMat DEXPort DSEParator iie isis dena m ele eet FORMaI DATA E INimates n gt ON TMM NS se cate ces INITiatesn gt SEQUENCEPRABORE EE 148 INI Tiatesns SEQuencer IMMediale EE 148 INITiate lt n gt SEQuencer MODE m ll ME BIEN INPUEA RK TEE INPUt COU
43. of the loss table consists of one measurement point and the corresponding loss The table can contain up to 500 entries lt Frequency gt Frequency of the measurement point The range is from 0 Hz to 999 99 GHz lt Loss gt Loss of the measurement point The range is from 999 99 dB to 999 99 dB Example CORR LOSS OUTP TABL 1MHz 10 2MHz 12 Defines a new output loss table with two measurement points Manual operation See Edit Table on page 54 See New on page 57 See Edit on page 58 SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut TABLe DELete lt TableName gt This command deletes an output loss table Parameters lt TableName gt String containing the name of the table Example CORR LOSS OUTP TABL DEL OutputLoss Deletes the table with the name OutputLoss Manual operation See Delete on page 58 SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut TABLe SELect lt TableName gt This command selects an output loss table Parameters lt TableName gt String containing the table name Example CORR LOSS OUTP TABL SEL OutputLoss Selects a table called OutputLoss Manual operation See Output Loss on page 56 Configuring the Analyzer The following commands are necessary to configure the analyzer Configuring the Analyzer SENSeTCONFiSgure CORISCHOR gesaten zer een tb pede tenderer aes 134 DiSblavlfWiNDow nzTR ACectlSCALelRLEVel eene 134 DISPlay WINDow n TRACe t Y SCALe RLEVel AUTO eseseeeeeeeeee
44. of the window is its index numeric value Index of the window Working with Windows in the Display Example LAY CAT Result pu EN Two windows are displayed named 2 at the top or left and 1 at the bottom or right Usage Query only LAYout IDENtify WINDow lt WindowName gt This command queries the index of a particular display window in the active measure ment channel Note to query the name of a particular window use the LAYout WINDow lt n gt IDENtify query Query parameters lt WindowName gt String containing the name of a window Return values Windowlndex Index number of the window Example LAY WIND IDEN 2 Queries the index of the result display named 2 Response 2 Usage Query only LAYout REMove WINDow lt WindowName gt This command removes a window from the display in the active measurement channel Parameters lt WindowName gt String containing the name of the window In the default state the name of the window is its index Example LAY REM 2 Removes the result display in the window named 2 Usage Event LAYout REPLace WINDow lt WindowName gt lt WindowType gt This command replaces the window type for example from Diagram to Result Sum mary of an already existing window in the active measurement channel while keeping its position index and window name To add a new window use the LAYout ADD WINDow command R amp S FSW K30 Remo
45. on page 45 SENSe FREQuency SINGle COUPling lt State gt This command couples or decouples the frequency to the contents of the sweep list Defining the Measurement Frequency Parameters State ON Only frequencies in the frequency list can be selected for single frequency measurements OFF Any frequency can be defined for single frequency measure ments RST OFF Example FREQ SING COUP ON Couples single frequency measurements to the frequency list Manual operation See Coupled to Sweep List on page 45 SENSe FREQuency SPAN Span This command defines the frequency span If you change the span the application creates a new frequency list Parameters Span This parameter is RST RST value Example FREQ SPAN 500MHZ Defines a span of 500 MHz Manual operation See Span on page 44 SENSe FREQuency STARt Frequency This command defines the start frequency If you change the start frequency the application creates a new frequency list Parameters Frequency RST RST value Example FREQ STAR 900MHZ Defines a start frequency of 900 MHz Manual operation See Start and Stop Frequency on page 44 SENSe FREQuency STEP lt Stepsize gt This command defines the frequency stepsize in the frequency table The stepsize corresponds to the distance from one measurement point to another If you change the stepsize the application creates a new frequency list Parameters
46. register Parameters lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt 7 20 Range 0 to 65535 String containing the name of the channel The parameter is optional If you omit it the command works for the currently active channel surements Deprecated Remote Commands for Noise Figure Mea Following is a list of deprecated remote commands The remote commands are still supported to maintain compatibility to previous versions of noise figure measurements like the R amp S FSV K30 but it is strongly recommended to use the command system in the way it is meant to be used in the R amp S FSW K30 Legacy command Replaced by Comment CALCulate LIMit TRACe CALCulate LIMit TYPE Parameters NFIGure TEFFective and GAIN were supported to assign a limit line to a result and thus the trace because trace and result type were fix CALCulate LIMit TRACe now assigns the limit line to a trace 1 to 4 CALCulate MARKer TRACe CALCulate DELTamarker TRACe The parameters NOISe GAIN NMEM1 3 and GMEM1 3 have been replaced by1 2 3 4 because no distinction is made between memory and live trace CONFigure ARRay MEMory TRACe COPY No more distinction between memory and live traces CONFigure SINGle CONFigure FREQuency SINGle DISPlay ARRay MEMory STATe DISPlay CURRent DATA STATe DISPlay WINDow TRACe STATe No more distinction between memory and live traces DISPlay DATA TRACe LAYout sy
47. result you are querying TRAC TRACE1 GAIN Queries the gain results for the first trace Query only Defining the Measurement Frequency Manual operation See Noise Figure on page 16 See Gain on page 17 See Noise Temperature on page 17 See Y Factor on page 18 See Power Hot on page 19 See Power Cold on page 19 See Cal Y Factor on page 20 See Cal Power Hot on page 21 See Cal Power Cold on page 21 See Result Table on page 21 7 7 Defining the Measurement Frequency The following commands are necessary to define the frequency characteristics of the noise figure measurement SENSe CONFigure FREQuency CONTinuous esses enne nnne iaaa 117 ISGENGe ICONFoure FbRtOuency SGINGle nennen nnne 117 SENSeTCONFIgUre LIS T ee Wiel 118 SENSe CONFigure EIS T SINGLg 2 trea tectae cria desea to eoe credat voe xad 118 SENSE FREQUENCY GENTE ms 118 SENSe FREQuency LIST DATA irren iire e tante t tiat nn a Enn nnn nah bn these nth iaia ia 118 ISENSeTSWESpiP ONES neta eret eoe P ino ete xe e Reve eee Dead deo aad 119 Ei Ee ere ee EE 119 SENSe FREQuencyeSINGle CODPlipilj uci icri pe crane copa tnra pena nce EEN 119 SENSE TER EOUSRSVES PAIN Lean cea ette ape eto ette tre Pe ena tope eats 120 SENSe FREQUusncy S FARE ca ioco EERSTEN ARENS 120 SENSE FREQUEN S EP rri Enceinte bet RE HR UD MenAN RE 120 Es Ee ee AL Rm 121 SENSe CONFigure FREQuency CONTinuous This command co
48. size of several windows on the screen permanently use the LAY SPL command see LAYout SPLitter on page 112 Parameters Size LARGe Maximizes the selected window to full screen Other windows are still active in the background SMALI Reduces the size of the selected window to its original size If more than one measurement window was displayed originally these are visible again RST SMALI Example DISP WIND2 LARG Measurement Results 7 6 Measurement Results The following commands are necessary to query measurement results TRACe lt n gt DATA EEUU 116 TRACe lt n gt DATA Trace Result This command queries the noise measurement results Query parameters Trace Result Return values lt TraceData gt Example Usage Selects the trace to be read out TRACE1 TRACE2 TRACE3 TRACE4 Selects the result display to be read out CPCold Queries calibration power cold results CPHot Queries calibration power hot results CYFactor Queries calibration y factor results GAIN Queries gain reuslts NOISe Queries noise figure results NUNCertainty Queries noise figure uncertainty results PCOLd Queries power cold results PHOT Queries power hot results TEMPerature Queries noise temperature results YFACtor Queries y factor results For any graphical result display the command returns one result for each measurement point The unit depends on the
49. that automatic signal identification is only available for measurements that per form frequency sweeps not in vector signal analysis or the UO Analyzer for instance Parameters State OFF ON AUTO ALL OFF No automatic signal detection is active ON Automatic signal detection Signal ID is active AUTO Automatic signal detection Auto ID is active ALL Both automatic signal detection functions Signal ID Auto ID are active RST OFF Manual operation See Signal ID on page 74 See Auto ID on page 74 Configuring the Inputs and Outputs SENSe MIXer LOSS HIGH Average This command defines the average conversion loss to be used for the entire high sec ond range Parameters Average numeric value Range 0 to 100 RST 24 0 dB Default unit dB Example MIX LOSS HIGH 20dB Manual operation See Conversion loss on page 73 SENSe MIXer LOSS TABLe HIGH lt FileName gt This command defines the file name of the conversion loss table to be used for the high second range Parameters lt FileName gt String containing the path and name of the file Example MIX LOSS TABL HIGH MyCVLTable Manual operation See Conversion loss on page 73 SENSe MIXer LOSS TABLe LOW lt FileName gt This command defines the file name of the conversion loss table to be used for the low first range Parameters lt FileName gt String containing the path and name of the file Example MIX LOSS TABL mi
50. that the AMPT AUTO SET BW TRIG and MKR FUNC keys have no contents and no function in the Noise Figure application e Configuration Oveni W n nnne SaN n essi nnne 40 e Defining the Measurement Freguency e 42 e Selecting DUT Characteristes n retten e 47 e Configuring the Noise SOUFIGe cerit rere e eec 49 e Configuring e le EE 55 e Configuring the Analyzer nete rere ra e xe i ek E e de 58 e Using the Uncertainty Calator uiid inse ie aias 62 e Performing Measurements nennen erret n nennt nnne 67 e Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S FSW sees 68 5 1 Configuration Overview Throughout the measurement channel configuration an overview of the most important currently defined settings is provided in the Overview The Overview is displayed when you select the Overview icon which is available at the bottom of all softkey menus id ke Co Overview Configuration Overview In addition to the main measurement settings the Overview provides quick access to the main settings dialog boxes The individual configuration steps are displayed in the order of the data flow Thus you can easily configure an entire measurement channel from input over processing to output and analysis by stepping through the dialog boxes as indicated in the Overview In particular the Overview provides quick access to the following configuration dialog boxes listed in the recommende
51. the DUT manually on a single frequency In that case the uncertainty shown in the Uncertainty Calculation dialog box is valid only for the DUT frequency you have defined The Measurement Offset evaluates the internal noise of the R amp S FSW that is added to the noise figure results The measurement offset result is displayed when 2nd stage correction is turned off When you turn on 2nd stage correction the internal noise is automatically removed from the uncertainty results so the measurement offset is not shown If you are using the noise figure and gain that has been determined during a measure ment the uncertainty is displayed only in the result table For more information see Use Measurement Values on page 64 SCPI command CALCulate UNCertainty RESult on page 145 5 8 Performing Measurements This chapter contains all functionality necessary to control and perform noise figure measurements The contents of this chapter correspond to the contents of the Sweep menu You can access the Sweep menu with the SWEEP key Continuous Sweepis UN ONT ox e ek re ree e ta Rae E rent 67 single Sweep RUN SINGLE EE 68 IR a sas ETE 68 PV TITIO iio erre ere e iere ter ea rave d aterert re eric daa bre 68 Meas Mode Auto Manual 2 em ecce re etie oko Re ca deat da 68 Continuous Sweep RUN CONT Initiates a measurement and repeats it continuously until stopped If necessary the application automatically det
52. the corre sponding measurement point The range is from 0 K to 100000 K lt Thot gt Temperature of the noise source when it is on for the corre sponding measurement point The range is from 0 K to 100000 K Example CORR ENR MEAS TABL TEMPDATA 1MHZ 10 100 2MHZ 12 150 Defines a new temperature table with two measurement points Manual operation See New on page 53 See Edit on page 53 See Edit Table on page 54 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe TEMPerature DELete lt TableName gt This command deletes a temperature table Parameters lt TableName gt String containing the name of the table Example CORR ENR MEAS TABL TEMP DEL TemperatureTable Deletes the table with the name TemperatureTable Manual operation See Delete on page 54 Configuring the Noise Source SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe TEMPerature LIST This command queries all temperature tables available in the application Return values lt Tables gt String containing the names of the tables as a comma separated list Example CORR ENR TABL TEMP LIST would return e g Tablel Table2 Table3 Usage Query only SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement MODE Mode This command selects the ENR mode for the actual measurement Parameters Mode SPOT Uses a constant ENR value for all measurement points see SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement SPOT TA
53. the uncer tainty Measurement mode 2nd Stage Correction If 2nd stage correction is on but no calibration data is available uncertainty is cal culated without the 2nd stage correction data Internal preamplification e RF Attenuation Temperature 5 7 1 Using the Uncertainty Calculator e ENR values Configuring Noise Source Characteristics The Uncertainty Calculator supports individual characteristics for a noise source used during calibration and the measurement If you are using a Common ENR the application assumes that the Output Match and ENR Uncert ainty are the same during calibration and measurement Only the Mea surement Noise Source parameters are displayed If you are using a different noise source during calibration and measurement the Uncertainty Calculator adds an additional Output Match and ENR Uncert ainty required for uncertainty calculation during calibration Note that you have to turn off the Common Noise Source if you have to define the val ues of the noise source used during calibration Common Source tor Meas and Goal ciere eec ea ed aa 63 Output ANGI LEE 63 let E le m 63 Ree E AMY DEE 64 Common Source for Meas and Cal Controls the way the application calculates the uncertainty for the noise source Turn on the switch when you use the same noise source during calibration and mea surement Only one set of fields to define the noise source characteristics is available The applic
54. uncertainty for each measurement point or fre quency based on the noise figure and gain results of the last measurement If you have selected automatic determination of the DUT characterictics the applica tion does not show a result in the NF Uncertainty field in the dialog box Instead to view the uncertainty at all measurement points use the Result Table 5 7 3 Using the Uncertainty Calculator If off define the gain noise figure and frequency of the DUT manually for a single fre quency With this manual determination of the DUT characteristics the application only calculates the uncertainty for that frequency and shows the result in the NF Uncer tainty field in the dialog box Noise Figure of the DUT e Gain of the DUT Frequency of the DUT Remote command Control automatic DUT characteristics determination CALCulate UNCertainty DATA RESults on page 139 Manual definition of DUT characteristics CALCulate UNCertainty DATA NOISe on page 139 CALCulate UNCertainty DATA GAIN on page 139 CALCulate UNCertainty DATA FREQuency on page 139 Configuring Analyzer Characteristics For the analyzer characteristics the application always uses the data specified in the datasheet of the R amp S FSW model you are using Thus it is not possible to change or adjust the analyzer characteristics in any way The uncertainty calculation takes sev eral analyzer characteristics into account Of those it shows the followin
55. unit Hz Example FREQ CENT 1GHZ Defines a center frequency of 1 GHz Manual operation See Center on page 43 SENSe FREQuency LIST DATA Frequency This command defines the contents of a frequency list Defining the Measurement Frequency The command overwrites the current contents of the frequency list The frequency list remains the same until you generate or create a new list Parameters Frequency Defines a frequency for each entry in the frequency list A fre quency list can contain up to 500 entries Range 0 Hz to fmax Example FREQ LIST DATA 100MHZ 200MHZ 300MHZ 400MHZ 500MHZ Creates a frequency list with five entries Manual operation See Populate Table on page 47 SENSe SWEep POINts lt SweepPoints gt This command defines the number of measurement points analyzed during a sweep Parameters lt SweepPoints gt Range 1 to 500 RST 20 Example SWE POIN 100 Defines 100 measurement points Manual operation See Measurement Points on page 44 See Measurement Points on page 46 SENSe FREQuency SINGle lt Frequency gt This command defines the frequency for single frequency measurements Parameters lt Frequency gt The minimum and maximum frequency depend on the hard ware Refer to the datasheet for details RST 100 MHz Example FREQ SING 200MHZ Defines a measurement frequency of 200 MHz Manual operation See Center on page 43 See Single Frequency
56. 2 13 100 Introduction Parameters that are only returned as the result of a query are indicated as Return values e Conformity Commands that are taken from the SCPI standard are indicated as SCPI con firmed All commands used by the R amp S FSW follow the SCPI syntax rules e Asynchronous commands A command which does not automatically finish executing before the next com mand starts executing overlapping command is indicated as an Asynchronous command e Reset values RST Default parameter values that are used directly after resetting the instrument RST command are indicated as RST values if available Default unit This is the unit used for numeric values if no other unit is provided with the parame ter e Manual operation If the result of a remote command can also be achieved in manual operation a link to the description is inserted 7 2 2 Long and Short Form The keywords have a long and a short form You can use either the long or the short form but no other abbreviations of the keywords The short form is emphasized in upper case letters Note however that this emphasis only serves the purpose to distinguish the short from the long form in the manual For the instrument the case does not matter Example SENSe FREQuency CENTer is the same as SENS FREQ CENT 7 2 3 Numeric Suffixes Some keywords have a numeric suffix if the command can be applied to multiple instances of an
57. 3 7 2 4 7 2 5 7 2 6 7 3 7 4 7 5 7 6 rer 7 8 7 9 7 10 7 11 7 12 7 13 7 14 7 14 1 7 14 2 7 14 3 7 15 7 16 7 17 7 17 1 7 17 2 7 17 3 7 17 4 7 17 5 EljWB ABICU m teesien iei oiea eE E EEEE ESET EEEE EE SETER EO 97 Remote Control Commands for Noise Measurements 99 Overview of Remote Command Suffixes ccccccccssseeeeeesseeeeeeesseeeeeeesseeeerenensseeneees 99 Int MU CUO m 100 Conventions used in Descrpoitons nanen nn ener nn 100 Long and Short Fom nennen nennen nenne enne nennen nns 101 Numeric SUMXES arteen M 101 Optional Kevwords ea isian iseanan aaia ieia a aiai aa raaa an iae ai aiaa ai nens 102 Alternative Kevwordes nennen nennen nnnm nennen nnns nennen nnne nnns 102 Sie udi cH 102 Controlling the Noise Figure Measurement Channel 105 Working with Windows in the Display eene nnn 109 General Window Comman0dQs eese enne nennen nennen nnn n nnns 115 Measurement Results ese seenicees tenta tris sena tires ra anaana 116 Defining the Measurement Frequency eene nnns 117 Selecting DUT Characteristics eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenenene nennen nennen 121 Configuring the Noise Source eeeeeseeseeeenen enne enne nnne nnne nennt 122 Configuring Additional Loss eese enn
58. ALC LIM ACT Queries the names of all active limit lines Usage Query only Manual operation See Visibility on page 96 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt COPY lt Line gt This command copies a limit line Parameters lt Line gt 1to8 number of the new limit line lt name gt String containing the name of the limit line Example CALC LIM1 COPY 2 Copies limit line 1 to line 2 CALC LIM1 COPY FM2 Copies limit line 1 to a new line named FM2 Manual operation See Copy Line on page 96 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt DELete This command deletes a limit line Usage Event Manual operation See Delete Line on page 96 Working with Limit Lines 7 17 6 Controlling Limit Checks CAL Culate nzLlMitcks CLEartiMMedatel eene 180 CAL COulatesmiMIESRSEAIES giess edd rtr eaa Ree pee ct tn aget d edd 180 CAEGulatesmsIMIESKSISTAT enee EES 180 CAL Culate nz LUlMitcksTbR ACe an iinne narani innin iiaea t ai inie ira niiina hiaan naani 181 CALCu latesn gt LMit lt k gt TRACe lt t gt OPEGK iti riter aaa aiaa andia i tene 181 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt CLEar IMMediate This command deletes the result of the current limit check The command works on all limit lines in a measurement windows at the same time lt n gt lt k gt are irrelevant Example CALC LIM CLE Deletes the result of the limit check Usage SCPI confirmed CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt FAIL
59. ALC UNC DATA RES ON Includes the uncertainty in the results displays See Use Measurement Values on page 64 CALCulate UNCertainty ENR CALibration UNCertainty Uncertainty This command defines the uncertainty of a calibration noise source This command is available when SENSe CORRection ENR COMMon and CALCulate UNCertainty COMMon are off Parameters Uncertainty Example Manual operation Uncertainty value of the noise source Refer to the data sheet of the noise source to determine its uncertainty RST 0 1 dB CALC UNC ENR CAL UNC 0 05 Defines an uncertainty of 0 05 dB See ENR Uncert ainty on page 63 CALCulate UNCertainty ENR CALibration UNCertainty COLD Uncertainty This command defines the uncertainty of a calibration noise source This command is available when SENSe CORRection ENR COMMon and CALCulate UNCertainty COMMon are off Parameters Uncertainty Example Manual operation Cold temperature uncertainty value of the noise source Refer to the data sheet of the noise source to determine its uncertainty RST OK CALC UNC ENR CAL UNC COLD 5 K Defines a low temperature uncertainty of 5 K See Temperature Uncert ainty on page 64 Using the Uncertainty Calculator CALCulate UNCertainty ENR CALibration UNCertainty HOT Uncertainty This command defines the uncertainty of a calibration noise source This command is available when SENSe CORRecti
60. AYout ADD WINDow for which the existing window is defined by a parameter To replace an existing window use the LAYout WINDow lt n gt REPLace command This command is always used as a query so that you immediately obtain the name of the new window as a result Parameters Direction LEFT RIGHt ABOVe BELow lt WindowType gt Type of measurement window you want to add See LAYout ADD WINDow on page 109 for a list of availa ble window types Return values lt NewWindowName gt When adding a new window the command returns its name by default the same as its number as a result Working with Windows in the Display Example LAY WIND1 ADD LEFT MTAB Result 2 Adds a new window named 2 with a marker table to the left of window 1 Usage Query only LAYout WINDow lt n gt IDENtify This command queries the name of a particular display window indicated by the lt n gt suffix in the active measurement channel Note to query the index of a particular window use the LAYout IDENtifyl WINDow command Return values lt WindowName gt String containing the name of a window In the default state the name of the window is its index Example LAY WIND2 IDEN Queries the name of the result display in window 2 Response 2 Usage Query only LAYout WINDow n REMove This command removes the window specified by the suffix n from the display in the active measurement channel
61. Analyzer4 Deletes the channel with the name IQAnalyzer4 Usage Event INSTrument LIST This command queries all active measurement channels This is useful in order to obtain the names of the existing measurement channels which are required in order to replace or delete the channels Return values lt ChannelType gt For each channel the command returns the channel type and lt ChannelName gt channel name see tables below Tip to change the channel name use the INSTrument REName command Controlling the Noise Figure Measurement Channel Example INST LIST Result for 3 measurement channels ADEM Analog Demod IQ IOQ Analyzer IQ IQ Analyzer2 Usage Query only Table 7 1 Available measurement channel types and default channel names in Signal and Spectrum Analyzer mode Application lt ChannelType gt Default Channel Name Parameter Spectrum SANALYZER Spectrum UO Analyzer IQ IQ Analyzer Pulse R amp S FSW K6 PULSE Pulse Analog Demodulation R amp S FSW K7 ADEM Analog Demod GSM R amp S FSW K10 GSM GSM Multi Carrier Group Delay R amp S FSW K17 MCGD MC Group Delay Amplifier Measurements R amp S FSW K18 AMPLifier Amplifier Noise R amp S FSW K30 NOISE Noise Phase Noise R amp S FSW K40 PNOISE Phase Noise Transient Analysis R amp S FSW K60 TA Transient Analysis VSA R amp S FSW K70 DDEM VSA 3GPP FDD BTS R
62. BLe Uses the contents of the ENR table RST SPOT Example CORR ENR MODE SPOT Uses a constant ENR value for all measurement points Manual operation See Measurement on page 51 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement SPOT lt ENR gt This command defines the constant ENR for all measurement points during the actual measurement Parameters lt ENR gt Range 999 99 to 999 99 RST 15 Default unit dB Example CORR ENR MODE SPOT CORR ENR SPOT 30 Selects constant ENR value mode and defines an ENR of 30 dB for all measurement points Manual operation See Measurement on page 51 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TYPE Type This command selects the type of noise source you are using for the measurement Parameters Type Example Manual operation Configuring the Noise Source DIODe Selects a noise source with diode characteristics RESistor Selects a noise source with resistor characteristics When you select this noise source type the application automat ically selects the manual measurement mode see SENSe CONFigure CONTrol RST DIODe CORR ENR TYPE RES Selects a noise source with resistor characteristics See Noise Source on page 53 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement SPOT COLD Temperature This command defines a constant temperature of a resistor not supplied with power Tal used during measurements The command is available when you ha
63. E 157 SENSe CORR6 ction VE SELEC EE 157 SENSe CORRection et E 157 SENSe CORRsction ENR GALibration MODE sett dao a 123 SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration SPOT ae SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration SPOT COLD ccccsccoccssseceesassnceseconcecsnesnsesaestcesseaestecestsntarenecesoas 123 SENSe CORRsction ENR CALibrati n SPOT FIOT eege gees coat eon E nee 123 SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration TABLe SELect esses 124 SENSe CORRection ENR CALibra tion T Y PE err trn erret teret rn th th fe E Ea e Ren 125 ISENS CORRECtiOMN ee 125 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement MODE residia itia iraa raia 128 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement SPOT SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement SPOT COLD essent nennen 129 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement SPOT HOT sesenta 129 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe DATA essere 125 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe DELete essen 126 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe LIST sss 126 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe SELect sess 126 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe TEMPerature DELete esses 127 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe TEMPerature LIST sese 128 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe TEMPerature DATA see 127
64. E on page 170 Copy Trace Access Overview gt Analysis gt Traces gt Copy Trace or TRACE gt Copy Trace Copies trace data to another trace The first group of buttons labelled Trace 1 to Trace 4 select the source trace The second group of buttons labelled Copy to Trace 1 to Copy to Trace 4 select the destination Remote command TRACe lt n gt COPY on page 173 Preset Traces Restores the default configuration for all traces in a window Trace Config Opens a dialog box made up out of three tabs to configure traces The first tab contains functionality to configure a trace For more information see Traces on page 88 The second tab contains functionality to export trace data For more information see Trace Export on page 88 The third tab contains functionality to copy traces For more information see Copy Trace on page 88 Trace Export The Trace Export tab contains functionality to export trace data 6 3 6 3 1 Export all traces and all table results Include Instru ment Measure ment Settings Using Markers Turns the export of all measurement results traces and numerical results on and off If on selecting a particular trace to export in the Trace to Export dropdown menu is unavailable Includes or excludes the measurement configuration as shown in the channel bar from the export Trace to Selects the trace that will be exported to a file Export Decimal
65. EE 96 COpy LIME M 96 BISHER EET 96 Disable All EE 96 Name The name of the stored limit line Unit The unit in which the y values of the data points of the limit line are defined Compatibility Indicates whether the limit line definition is compatible with the current measurement settings Limit Line Settings and Functions Visibility Displays or hides the limit line in the diagram Up to 8 limit lines can be visible at the same time Inactive limit lines can also be displayed in the diagram Remote command CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt LOWer STATe on page 177 CALCulate n LIMit k UPPer STATe on page 178 CALCulate n LIMit k ACTive on page 179 Traces to be Checked Defines which traces are automatically checked for conformance with the limit lines As Soon as a trace to be checked is defined the assigned limit line is active One limit line can be activated for several traces simultaneously If any of the Traces to be Checked violate any of the active limit lines a message is indicated in the diagram Remote command CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt TRACe lt t gt CHECk on page 181 Comment An optional description of the limit line Show compatible limit lines Defines which of the stored limit lines are included in the overview If active only limit lines that are compatible to the result display currently in focus are displayed Show lines for noise If
66. Edit Table Defines the noise source characteristics of a irregular noise source or the loss charac teristics of additional measurement equipment The noise source and loss tables are made up of up to 500 data points A data point consists of a frequency and its corresponding ENR temperature or loss value The ENR and temperature values should be supplied by the manufacturer of the noise Source or resistor The loss characterictics of measurement equipment should also be supplied by the manufacturer ENR TEMP Settings Table Settings Active Tables Measurement Table Calibration Table Noise Source Noise Diode DEFAULT EXAMPLE Name Name of the ENR temperature or loss table Comment Comment for the ENR temperature or loss table Configuring Additional Loss Frequency Frequency of a particular ENR temperature or loss value Value ENR value or loss in dB In case of a resistor the characteristics of the resistor are defined by the noise temperatures Thot and T instead of a single value The unit in that case is Kelvin degrees Clear Table Deletes the contents of the table frequencies and values or the loss table Insert Inserts a new data point above the selected one Delete Deletes the selected data point Save Saves the able Cancel Exits the Edit Table dialog box and returns to the result diagram Remote command Edit ENR table SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe DATA on p
67. F Parameters lt TableName gt String containing the table name Example CORR ENR MEAS TABL SEL ENRTable Selects a table called ENRTable Manual operation See Calibration on page 51 See New on page 53 See Edit on page 53 Configuring the Noise Source SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration TYPE Type This command selects the type of noise source you are using for the calibration Parameters Type DIODe Selects a noise source with diode characteristics RESistor Selects a noise source with resistor characteristics When you select this noise source type the application automat ically selects the manual measurement mode see SENSe CONFigure CONTrol RST DIODe Example CORR ENR CAL TYPE RES Selects a noise source with resistor characteristics SENSe CORRection ENR COMMon State This command turns the use of a common ENR on or off For more information see Common Noise Source on page 51 Parameters State ON OFF Example CORR END COMM ON Turns the use of acommon ENR on Manual operation See Common Noise Source on page 51 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe DATA Frequency lt ENR gt This command defines the contents of the currently selected ENR table The ENR table should contain an ENR for all measurement points If you create a new table with this command it will overwrite the current entries of the frequency list
68. IGW TILER 2 nent re ene 96 ViSiDilily oreet tpe tede 96 bol M 98 Lines Config tatioti ET 94 Limit see Limit lines 2 erii o treten 94 LO Level External Mixer remote control 161 Level External Mixet coed 74 Loss ioi p 55 lu ep 55 Loss table t eei tyre rtis 57 Delete 58 Edit 57 LOSSES M M 55 M Market M 37 Markers DeactlValihg t eret atisi it rae 91 D lt MAKETS aiiora dersini asa 91 Minimum Next MIMMU euin rennen reri 94 Next peak rr et EEN 93 Peak Querying position remote seeeses 183 prc M 91 TV T M 91 Maximizing Windows remote A 115 Measurement Erequericy TEE 25 POMONA Me M 67 Measurement channel Creating remote esses Deleting remote ere eerie Duplicating remote D Querying remote edd aee eet Renaming remote A Replacing remote i Selecting remote sesessese Measurement characteristics esssssssss 58 Measurement point Delete Insert 47 Measurement points 2 5 terere otn 44 Measurement time REMOTE e MINIMUM eite Marker positioning vs EE TEE Mixer Type Exterrial Mixer iiie eee etae 72 Mu
69. IMit lt k gt LOWer SHIFt on page 177 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt UPPer SHIFt on page 178 Save Saves the currently edited limit line under the name defined in the Name field Overview of Remote Command Suffixes 7 Remote Control Commands for Noise Mea surements The following remote control commands are required to configure and perform noise figure measurements in a remote environment The R amp S FSW must already be set up for remote operation in a network as described in the base unit manual Universal functionality Note that basic tasks that are also performed in the base unit in the same way are not described here For a description of such tasks see the R amp S FSW User Manual In particular this includes Managing Settings and Results i e storing and loading settings and result data Basic instrument configuration e g checking the system configuration customizing the screen layout or configuring networks and remote operation Using the common status registers specific status registers for Pulse measure ments are not used Overview of Remote Command Suffixes eese 99 MMR OU WO TE 100 Controlling the Noise Figure Measurement Channel 105 Working with Windows in the Dieplay AA 109 General Window Commands ceo ceret charade cerei ire Fa Peccata RH 115 Measurement FROSUNG cerent e rd ree ge e leen ge de 116 Defining the Measurement Frequeneoy uiae reete eau iaa 117 Selecting DUT C
70. INITiate lt n gt SEQuencer ABORt This command stops the currently active sequence of measurements The Sequencer itself is not deactivated so you can start a new sequence immediately using INITiate lt n gt SEQuencer IMMediate on page 148 To deactivate the Sequencer use SYSTem SEQuencer on page 151 Suffix lt n gt irrelevant Usage Event INITiate lt n gt SEQuencer IMMediate This command starts a new sequence of measurements by the Sequencer Its effect is similar to the INITiate lt n gt IMMediate command used for a single measurement Performing Measurements Before this command can be executed the Sequencer must be activated see SYSTem SEQuencer on page 151 Suffix n irrelevant Example SYST SEQ ON Activates the Sequencer INIT SEQ MODE SING Sets single sequence mode so each active measurement will be performed once INIT SEQ IMM Starts the sequential measurements Usage Event INITiate lt n gt SEQuencer MODE Mode This command selects the way the R amp S FSW application performs measurements sequentially Before this command can be executed the Sequencer must be activated see SYSTem SEQuencer on page 151 A detailed programming example is provided in the Operating Modes chapter in the R amp S FSW User Manual Note In order to synchronize to the end of a sequential measurement using OPC OPC or WAI you must use SING1e Sequence mode For details on synchroniz
71. INP SPOT 10 Selects constant input loss mode and defines an input loss of 10 dB for all measurement points Manual operation See Input Loss on page 56 SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut TABLe lt Frequency gt Loss This command defines the contents of the currently selected input loss table The table should contain an input loss for all measurement points If you create a new table with this command it will overwrite the current entries of the loss table Parameters Frequency lt ENR gt Each entry of the loss table consists of one measurement point and the corresponding loss The table can contain up to 500 entries Frequency Frequency of the measurement point The range is from 0 Hz to 999 99 GHz Loss Loss of the measurement point The range is from 999 99 dB to 999 99 dB Example CORR LOSS INP TABL 1MHz 10 2MHz 12 Defines a new input loss table with two measurement points Manual operation See Edit Table on page 54 See New on page 57 See Edit on page 58 SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut TABLe DELete lt TableName gt This command deletes an input loss table Parameters lt TableName gt String containing the name of the table Example CORR LOSS INP TABL DEL InputLoss Deletes the table with the name InputLoss Manual operation See Delete on page 58 Configuring Additional Loss SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut TABLe SELect lt TableName gt This command selects an input
72. Manual 1173 9270 02 13 18 R amp S9FSW K30 Measurements and Result Displays R r M UEUU SESE u Eu 3 Y Factor Start 100 0 MHz 10 pts 90 0 MHz RF Stop 1 0 GHz Remote command LAY ADD WIND 2 RIGH YFAC see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 109 Results TRACext gt DATA YFACtor Power Hot Shows the absolute power characteristics at the instrument input The noise source is turned on The vertical axis shows the power in dBm The scale depends on the settings in the Display Configuration dialog box 2 Power hot Start 100 0 MHz 10 pts 90 0 MHz RF Stop 1 0 GHz Remote command LAY ADD WIND 2 RIGH PHOT see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 109 Results TRACext gt DATA PHOT Power Cold Shows the absolute power characteristics at the instrument input The noise source is turned off The vertical axis shows the power in dBm The scale depends on the settings in the Display Configuration dialog box EECH User Manual 1173 9270 02 13 19 R amp S9FSW K30 Measurements and Result Displays gH M UU Ru SSeS 3 Power cold Start 100 0 MHz 10 pts 90 0 MHz RF Stop 1 0 GHz Remote command LAY ADD WIND 2 RIGH PCOL see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 109 Results TRACex lt t gt DATA PCOLd Cal Y Factor Shows the ratio of the hot and the cold power measured during calibration 5 Cal Y Factor 10 0 MHz11 pts799 0 MHz RF
73. N Edge 139 CAL Culate UNCertainty DA TA GAIN aisinn ninne na ER a e EE RR ARE Da 139 CALCulate UNGertainty DA TA NOISe 1 2 ioci nenne inh nane cece nat REX RR RE iM ENNER 139 CALOCulate UNCertainty DATA RESUIts esses nnn rentrer nr nnns 139 CAL Culate UNC ertaintv ENR CAL bration UNC ertainty nennen 140 CALCulate UNCertainty ENR CALibration UNCertainty COLD essere 140 CAL Culate UNC ertaintv ENR CAL bratton UNC ertaintv HOT 141 CALCulate UNCertainty ENR UNGCertalhity as conati edet etta oed Se ott eene 141 CALCulate UNCertainty ENR UNCertainty COLD cecccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeaeaeaeaaaeeneeetenenes 141 CALOCulate UNCertainty ENR UNCertainty HOT assesses nennen 142 CAL Culate UNC ertaintv MATCH DUTINRL cece eee ce eee ae eee rne enne enne nnn nnns nnns 142 CAL Culate UNC ertaintv MATCH DUTININSWET AA 142 CAL Culate UNC ertaintv MATCh DUT OUTRL rennen nnne nennen ens 142 CAL Culate UNC ertaintv MATCh DUT OUT MNSWERT nnns 143 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh PREamp RL ieeceeiiicesiseee esee E Aaaa 143 CAL Culate UNC ertaintv MATCh PhREamplVGWn nenen erenererererererersssrnnnen 143 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh SOURce CALibration VSWR eeeeeeeeeeeeeee 143 CAL Culate UNC ertaintv MATCh SGOUlbBce CAL brattonhRl enne 143 CAL Culate UNC ertaintv MATCh GOUlbBceh cece cee ae eee eene enne eene nnn nnns 144 CALOCulat
74. NCertainty This command queries the uncertainty value of the spectrum analyzer s internal noise Return values lt Uncertainty gt Noise figure uncertainty of the spectrum analyzer in dB Example CALC UNC SAN NOIS UNC Queries the noise figure uncertainty Usage Query only Performing Measurements The following commands are necessary to perform noise figure measurements Example perform calibration and subsequent single sweep measurement Perform calibration CONF CORR INIT OPC Perform single sweep measurement and use 2nd stage correction CORR STAT ON CONF LIST SING INIT You can also perform a sequence of measurements using the Sequencer see Multi ple Measurement Channels and Sequencer Function on page 12 SE geiergert 146 INI Tiate sn ee nt 147 INI frate sp IM MGC ate 2er aepo eau a Su a ne ere aep en xe E ERe e ex EE ee exaratis Rua 148 INITiate lt n gt SEQuencer ABORL cccccccccsssceceecececscecesseeceseeeecegceesseseeseaseeeeageeesseseesageeees 148 INI Tiatesn SEQuencerIMMediale cercare eere Pane nut cu teo hr ee e eter nen 148 INITiatespn SEQuencerMODE anie rete eoa ay EES SEENEN X ec cu e A XA dece dee 149 SENSe JCONFIgure CONTO nanninannan a ERR no anian inidan ENNER 150 SENSeJCONFIg re Se EE 150 SY STM SEQUENCER EE 151 ABORt This command aborts the measurement in the current measurement channel and resets the trigger system To prevent overlapping execution of the su
75. P dy pg 196 S TATUS QUESItionable CONDIE OR creme te Ee Eire ee te esae ee era rer ve v ope etx RR ces 196 SGTATusOUEG onable CORbecton CONDmtion eene nnne nnne tnnt nn rnnn sena 196 STATus QUEStionable CORRection ENABIO tci ettet Meas o a dp esa oa de 197 S TATUs QUEStionable CORRection NTRanSILO 2 2 cce coercet e exte i Etras 197 STATus QUEStionable CORRection PTRansition eesssssssssssessessseeeeeee nennen nnne 197 STATus QUEStioriable CORRection EVENI artnet rrr rn rrr enean 196 S TATuUs QUEStionable EIMIENTRAFSILTOTF sz ii corrente oi Ere co irte etre E E Ree ice toc ERE Dui oun 197 STATusOUEG onable Mit P Ransitton enne nnn nnne nnn rennes naina 197 STATUus QUEStionable EIMITEEMENHE rct ttc necp e at ette e ve n eg 196 ERR el leie Et WR EE EE 197 STATus QUEStionable P NEE 197 GE el TE ER E CU RE 196 SYSTem COMMu nicate GPIB RDEVice GENerator ADDRESS nennen 165 SYSTem COMMunicate RDEVice GENerator INTerface eese eere eerte nannten atn nunn 166 SYSTem COMMunicate RDEVice GENerator TYPE eite alc et tdt ch 166 SYSTem COMMunicate TCPip RDEVice GENerator ADDbess nen 166 eb STEM CONF IQUE DWT CA m SYSTem CONFigure DUT STIMe 4 SYSTem CONFigure GENerator CONTrO S TAT6 ront t etr nnne tnn een in trei na 166 exSTem CONFigure GENerator INlitialise AI e cocer oorr NT nete tnter rez ecc 167 GvGfemCOhNFio
76. PING GN INP tEIETeCHPASSES TAT GC rero eher repr ee repa eene er eee x eee CY e n NEAR ll SD a Ten dE EK TE EE ly uerb ER INPut GAIN VALue a INPULIMPGO eege X INSTr ment CREate NIR E ce caveensesicencecsnneansce cee enea TE SORES EEEN ESTA SEKKEN ED EN elt ale e EI TEE INSTrument CREate NEW Se INS TRUM Nits DELEI erar INS Tr ment LIST EE 106 INS Tr mebt GV El E 108 INSTRUMENT SELEG oco treo eroe edere REIR erret cones Pera E ATN E EVE REEXXTR TD EXE EO EAEE eau 108 RN TR ER TR RE 109 Egeter ee RE 110 LAYout IDENtify WINDow E Egeter EE LAY OuTREPESCE RTE EE E A feljezin ME M EAYOUUWINDOWsSmIs ADD EE 113 LAYOUtWINDOwW E RI ird 114 Beete EE LAYout WINDow lt n gt REPLace MMEMGRY STORESSA riso SOURce EXTernal FREQuency OFFSet amp offset arreter rre trn ern tr rte re ri enn 164 SOURce EXTernal FREQuency FACTor DENominator sese 164 SOURce EXTermalFREQuencyEFACTor NUMAraltor nari eorr nr ir rae otra ener nnne 164 ee RER e E REI 165 STATUS OPERAN NT Ranson x ccrto ate eres eege mad ce ta Eve cepe era va Deb tuu 197 STATuS OPERationsP T RAMS E 197 STATUS OPERaAtion EVEN etr oer rtp ror erre oer HEY Re ER Ee EY PX EEEE Yes eX
77. R RE E ERE ERA 138 GALCulate UNGertainty DATA FREQUENCY Krener tern p urbe ey en e tp eO Yee YEA EE PEE SEM ED FL ag 139 GALGulate UNGertainty DATA GAIN noraen rh eine rhe rana a n a ER Ee Reeg CALOCulate UNCertainty DATA NOISe GALCulate UNGertainty DATA EE CALOCulate UNCertainty ENR CALibration UNCertainty essent 140 CALOCulate UNCertainty ENR CALibration UNCertainty COLD sese 140 CALCulate UNCertainty ENR CALibration UNCertainty HOT essent 141 GALGulate UNGertainty ENR UNGertainty ctu neret e rere tee ten rr e ee e nn er xa 141 CALCulate UNCertainty ENR UNCertainty COLD eene eene etna i Ee than enano nba ATINAE 141 CALCulate UNCertainty ENR UNCertainty HOT CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh DUT IN VSWR GALCulate UNGertainty MAT Chi DU T INCL acu onore nent tot Foo epa ere tenet ra eere eue ep xtv sare qr erp CALCulate UNCertainty MA TCh DUT OUT MVSWR 2 nonet ener GALCulate UNCertainty MA TCh DU T OUT RL orte terri rhe enne GALCulate UNGertainty MATCh PREaAmbp RL ea rne rrt tenir nre te en eta ETEA ae pa tH RE ERE EXE KEY IF sg CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh PREamp VSWR essent nnne nennen nenne nrnennnes CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh SOURce CALibration RL CALOCulate UNCertainty MATCh SOURce CALibration VSWR eese 143 CALGulate UNCertainty MA TCh SOURCGe RL rrr tre
78. R amp S9FSW K30 Noise Figure Measurements User Manual amp 1173 9270 02 13 ROHDE amp SCHWARZ Test amp Measurement User Manual This manual applies to the following R amp S FSW models with firmware version 2 30 and higher R amp S9 FSWS 1312 8000K08 R amp S FSW13 1312 8000K13 R amp S FSW26 1312 8000K26 R amp S FSW43 1312 8000K43 R amp S FSW50 1312 8000K50 R amp S FSW67 1312 8000K67 R amp S FSW85 1312 8000K85 The following firmware options are described e R amp S FSW K30 1313 1380 02 2015 Rohde amp Schwarz GmbH amp Co KG Muhldorfstr 15 81671 Munchen Germany Phone 49 89 41 29 0 Fax 49 89 41 29 12 164 Email info rohde schwarz com Internet www rohde schwarz com Subject to change Data without tolerance limits is not binding R amp S is a registered trademark of Rohde A Schwarz GmbH amp Co KG Trade names are trademarks of the owners The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual R amp S9FSW is abbreviated as R amp S FSW 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 2 1 3 3 2 1 2 2 4 1 4 1 1 4 1 2 4 1 3 4 2 4 3 4 3 1 4 3 2 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 9 5 1 5 2 5 2 1 Contents EE 7 LGPRUSICNICUUIEU 7 Documentation OverviQw aieienen usurum natia NE ENUNN NANNE RANNADENN ENEA EERS 8
79. RRection on page 134 Resolution Bandwidth RBW Defines the resolution bandwidth for the measurement For more information on the resolution bandwidth see chapter 4 7 Separating Signals by Selecting an Appropriate Resolution Bandwidth on page 36 Remote command SENSe BANDwidth RESolution on page 136 Sweep Time Defines the sweep time for the measurement The sweep time is the time it takes the analyzer to perform a measurement at one measurement frequency Note that noise measurements perform two measurements during one sweep One with the noise source turned on one with the noise source turned off Remote command SENSe SWEep TIME on page 137 Settling Time Defines the settling time of the DUT and the noise source Most noise sources need a certain amount of time to settle after you turn them on Low frequency DUTs may require a certain time until its coupling capacitators have been charged or discharged Both are defined as the settling time For details on the settling time refer to the datasheet of the noise source Remote command SYSTem CONFigure DUT STIMe on page 137 Average Defines the number of measurements that are used to average the results 5 6 2 Configuring the Analyzer The more measurements you include in the averaging the more accurate and stable the results will be However accuracy and stability comes at the price of measurement speed Remote command SENSe SWEep COUNt on p
80. RST 1 Configuring the Analyzer Example SWE COUN 10 The application averages 10 measurements before it displays the results Manual operation See Average on page 59 SENSe SWEep TIME Time This command defines the sweep time Parameters Time refer to data sheet RST depends on current settings determined automati cally Example SWE TIME 10s Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Sweep Time on page 59 SYSTem CONFigure DUT GAIN Gain This command defines the expected gain of the DUT The application uses the gain for automatic reference level detection Parameters Gain Range 10 to 1000 RST 30 Default unit dB Example SYST CONF DUT GAIN 25 Defines gain of 25 dB Manual operation See Auto Level Range on page 61 SYSTem CONFigure DUT STIMe lt SettlingTime gt This command defines the settling time of the noise source Parameters lt SettlingTime gt Range Os to 20s RST 50 ms Example SYST CONF DUT STIM 1 s Defines a settling time of 1 second Manual operation See Settling Time on page 59 Using the Uncertainty Calculator 7 12 Using the Uncertainty Calculator The following commands are necessary to work with the measurement uncertainty cal culator CAL Culate UNC ertaintv COMMon nee enne en nsn sn senes nsn nn sn nr treni an 138 CAL CulatesUNCertainty DATA PRE emeng 2 Inna SEENE
81. RScUoI C Ee E 157 SENSe CORR amp ction CVE SE Lect n irc cii iier ioter o eee he Ta aa E Peu ERR c o 2E D ADIRE VU 157 SENSe CORRection CVL SNUMBer iiiesesiiieeeenee ense nnn nne ER EEER ENEE nnns EEN 157 ISENSeIMIXSrBIASBIGE WEE 158 IGENSe Mier BIAStLOu 158 SENSe MIXer FREQuency HANDOYVer ecce coenae thon ase einen ne XR Ege kn aa pne hne Ea 158 ISGENGe Mixer EREOuencv STAR 158 SENS Mixer FREQUENCY S T E 159 SENSe MIXer HARMonic BAND BRESSt 2 2 rete aree io xa c ce sus c c aas 159 SENSe MIXer HARMonic BAND VALue eee 159 SENSe MIXe5HARMOnIGHIGQESS TAT 22 2 2 eege tradito ttt rp tap reto tenere 160 SENSe MIXer HARMobnic HIGH VALUe cioe niiina urere eds 160 E EN en e d 160 SENSe MIXer HARMonic LOWT eese nnne ttt e tnt nh nennen enn ns 161 BENSE IMIXST LOPOWG e Oo 161 EE Ke EE 161 SENSe MIXeDEOSS IMIQ E 162 SENSe IMIXer LOSS TABLE HGH cernat eere atre dee npa terae cera I XE eae 162 SENSe MIXer LOSS TABLe LOW eee tette tette ttt 162 SENSe MIXer LOSS LOW eene tentent tet tette te ttt 162 BENSE MING PO RU c H 163 Configuring the Inputs and Outputs SENSeJ MIXer RFOVerrangeE STAT EE 163 SENSeJMIXeE el E 163 SENSe MIX STATE Em 163 SENSe CORRection CVL BAND lt Type gt This command defines the
82. SPOT Uses a constant ENR value for all measurement points see SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration SPOT TABLe Uses the contents of the ENR table RST SPOT Example CORR ENR CAL MODE SPOT Uses a constant ENR value for all measurement points Manual operation See Calibration on page 51 SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration SPOT lt ENR gt This command defines the constant ENR for all measurement points during calibration This command is available when you use different noise sources for calibration and measurement SENSe CORRection ENR COMMon OFF Parameters lt ENR gt Range 999 99 to 999 99 RST 15 Default unit dB Example CORR ENR CAL MODE SPOT CORR ENR CAL SPOT 30 Selects constant ENR value mode and defines an ENR of 30 dB for all measurement points Manual operation See Calibration on page 51 SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration TABLe SELect lt TableName gt This command selects an ENR or temperature table for calibration Note that the contents of the table are independent of whether you use it for calibration or the actual measurement When you want to edit a table regardless if you want to use it later for a measurement or for calibration you have to use SENSe JCORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe SELect This command only selects a table for calibration This command is available when you use different noise sources for calibration and measurement SENSe CORRection ENR COMMon OF
83. Yout ADD WINDow on page 109 Results CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt Y on page 183 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt Y on page 186 Tuning Modes 4 Measurement Basics The measurement basics contain background information on the terminology and prin ciples of noise measurements Noise figure measurements determine the noise that a device under test DUT adds to a signal as that signal passes through the DUT Kiel EE 24 e Measurement Modes sess nenne tannanna nennen 26 e DUT TYPE E ENEE EE EES 28 e Extemal Generator COHllr l nce vedette eei Fee dr va Eus 29 e Image Frequency Rejection scene eterni etant EET nn Ek eed dea kk nha cae 31 Calibration 2nd Tee nta er d tee Hr ge 33 e Separating Signals by Selecting an Appropriate Resolution Bandwidth 36 e Analyzing Several Traces Trace Mode eene 36 LER DCUM P 37 4 1 Tuning Modes Basically the application calculates the noise figure of a DUT based on the character istics of the DUT that have been measured and a noise source whose properties are known Therefore the Noise Source Control connector on the R amp S FSW is a prerequi site for the R amp S FSW Noise measurements application In addition to the noise characteristics of a DUT the application is also able to deter mine several more DUT characteristics like its gain or its noise temperature character istics The application provides several measure
84. a result Example LAY ADD 1 LEFT MTAB Result 2 Adds a new window named 2 with a marker table to the left of window 1 Usage Manual operation Working with Windows in the Display Query only See Noise Figure on page 16 See Gain on page 17 See Noise Temperature on page 17 See Y Factor on page 18 See Power Hot on page 19 See Power Cold on page 19 See Cal Y Factor on page 20 See Cal Power Hot on page 21 See Cal Power Cold on page 21 See Result Table on page 21 See Marker Table on page 22 Table 7 2 lt WindowType gt parameter values for Noise Figure application Parameter value Window type CPCold Cal Power Cold CPHot Cal Power Hot CYFactor Cal Y Factor GAIN Gain result display MTABle Marker table NOISe Noise figure result display PCOLd Power cold result display PHOT Power hot result display RESults Result table TEMPerature Noise temperature result display YFACtor Y Factor result display LAYout CATalog WINDow This command queries the name and index of all active windows in the active mea surement channel from top left to bottom right The result is a comma separated list of values for each window with the syntax lt WindowName_1 gt lt Windowlndex_1 gt lt WindowName_n gt lt Windowlndex_n gt Return values lt WindowName gt Windowlndex string Name of the window In the default state the name
85. activated default only limit lines created for noise figure measurements are dis played Otherwise all limit lines are displayed Create New Line Creates a new limit line Edit Line Edit an existing limit line configuration Copy Line Copy the selected limit line configuration to create a new line Remote command CALCulate n LIMit k COPY on page 179 Delete Line Delete the selected limit line configuration Remote command CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt DELete on page 179 Disable All Lines Disable all limit lines in one step Remote command CALCulate n LIMit k STATe on page 180 Limit Line Settings and Functions 6 4 2 Limit Line Details Access Overview Analysis Lines Limit Lines New Edit Copy To or LINES gt Line Config gt Limit Lines gt New Edit Copy To Name Comment Y Axis 100 00000000 MHz 500 00000000 MHz 750 00000000 MHz 1 00000000000 GHz 55 00 MHz 1 04 GHz DEO IS LEE 98 Ier ageseent ee 98 Delete E EE 98 HP MERE 98 SMR A Y 98 EE 98 Name Defines the limit line name All names must be compatible with Windows conventions for file names The limit line data is stored under this name with a LIN extension Remote command CALCulate n LIMit k NAME on page 175 Comment Defines an optional comment for the limit line The text may contain up to 40
86. age 125 Edit temperature table SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe TEMPerature DATA on page 127 Edit input loss table SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut TABLe on page 131 Edit output loss table SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut TABLe on page 132 5 5 Configuring Additional Loss The Loss Input Loss Output buttons or the Loss Settings softkey open a dialog to configure the loss characteristics of additional equipment in the test setup like cables or attenuators at the DUT input or output The characteristics of these should be sup plied by the manufacturer Note that loss is only taken into account during the measurement and not during cali bration because the noise source is connected directly to the analyzer input CD Treatment of losses in case of resistor noise sources When you are using a resistor as a noise source it is not possible to change the loss characteristics When you change back to using a diode as a noise source the previous loss settings are not restored In that case the best way to handle loss settings is to store them in a loss table to still have them available later on e Defining LoS5 e entere ete anne DER ERR nnd RN Ra dea RR E Ne AERE SEENEN 55 Using a Loss E 57 5 5 1 Defining Loss The Loss Settings tab in the Loss Settings dialog box contains settings to define the loss characteristics of miscellaneous equipment in the test setup Configuring Ad
87. age 129 Common Noise Source Turns the use of a common ENR on and off Common ENRs have the same characteristics for the measurement and calibration If you turn common ENR off you can define an additional ENR to be used during calibra tion This is recommended in case of measurements on frequency converting DUTs if one noise source does not cover the frequency range at the DUT input RF and the fre quency range for calibration IF Remote command SENSe CORRection ENR COMMon on page 125 Calibration Selects the source of the ENR or temperature values used during calibration The frequency characteristics may be a constant or be based on a ENR or temperature table 5 4 3 Configuring the Noise Source If the ENR or temperature is a constant the same value is used for all frequencies in the frequency table If you have selected a constant ENR you can also define its value in the input field next to the radio button If you have selected a constant temperature you have to define the temperatures of the resistor in the input fields next to the radio button Thot is the temperature of a resistor with a low noise or ambient temperature Teo is the temperature of a resistor with a high noise or ambient temperature If the noise source characteristics are based on a table the ENR level and temperature depend on the measurement frequency In that case the values are interpolated to the measurement points You can select a ta
88. age 136 Configuring Level Characteristics The level and range settings configure all parameters related to the vertical diagram axis Ref Level Ref Level Auto Level Range 30 0 dB RF Atten 0 0 dB Preamplifier Ref OV Ol EE 60 Auto Level te C 61 FR ASU E 61 mine 61 Ref Level Turns automatic determination of the reference level on and off The reference level is the power level the R amp S FSW expects at the RF input Keep in mind that the noise signal has a high crest factor Thus the reference level has to be set at the peak envelope power of the noise signal not the mean power in order to avoid an instrument overload The reference level should be about 5 to 15 dB above the noise display that occurs with the DUT connected and the noise source activated To get the best dynamic range you have to set the reference level as low as possible At the same time make sure that the maximum signal level does not exceed the refer ence level If it does it may overload the RF and IF stages of the analyzer regardless of the signal power Measurement results may deteriorate Note that the signal level at the A D converter may be stronger than the level the R amp S FSW displays depending on the current resolution bandwidth This is because the resolution bandwidths are implemented digitally after the A D converter If automatic detection of the reference le
89. al 1173 9270 02 13 30 Image Frequency Rejection 4 5 Risk of damage to the instrument For yielding highest sensitivity during the measurement the Noise Figure Measure ments application automatically sets the input attenuation to 0 dB Because this configuration minimizes the overrange reserve make sure that the signal you have applied does not cause to an overload condition pay attention to the LO feedthough An overload condition may damage or destroy the input mixer The R amp S FSW shows a corresponding message in the status line if an overload occurs RF OVLD or IF OVLD To avoid an overload reduce the LO feedthrough of the mixer device or increase the reference level Image Frequency Rejection Frequency converting DUTs convert a radio frequency RF to an intermediate fre quency IF The IF is lower than the RF in case of down converting DUTs and higher than the RF in case of up converting DUTs In a basic test setup the image frequency of the RF signal is also converted to the IF Depending on the DUT this effect may be wanted or even necessary or not To avoid measurement errors of the noise figure and gain of up to 3 dB make sure to use the appropriate measurement configuration Basically you can distinguish between single sideband SSB mixers and double side band DSB mixers or those that partly suppress a sideband If a sideband is not nee ded or only partly needed you can reject the image
90. al keywords BAND 1MHZ would have the same effect as BWID 1MHZ 7 2 6 SCPI Parameters Many commands feature one or more parameters If a command supports more than one parameter these are separated by a comma Example LAYout ADD WINDow Spectrum LEFT MTABle Parameters may have different forms of values LAND uud EE 103 NESSUN 103 JOHSrgcler DEBEO nores deree deed pre e tero ed tL ae equ o pe tb t eO LY TEE e eye EY EE TE Ada TRUE 104 ee eoe tete edt c lese a dtu nie e due tuor 104 Block Dala TEES 104 7 2 6 1 7 2 6 2 Introduction Numeric Values Numeric values can be entered in any form i e with sign decimal point or exponent In case of physical quantities you can also add the unit If the unit is missing the com mand uses the basic unit Example with unit SENSe FREQuency CENTer 1GHZ without unit SENSe FREQuency CENTer 1E9 would also set a frequency of 1 GHz Values exceeding the resolution of the instrument are rounded up or down If the number you have entered is not supported e g in case of discrete steps the command returns an error Instead of a number you can also set numeric values with a text parameter in special cases e MIN MAX Defines the minimum or maximum numeric value that is supported e DEF Defines the default value e UP DOWN Increases or decreases the numeric value by one step The step size depends on the setting In some cases y
91. al reference oscillator is selected the reference signal must be connected to the rear panel of the instrument Parameters Source INTernal the internal reference is used EXTernal the external reference is used if none is available an error flag is displayed in the status bar RST INT Example SOUR EXT ROSC EXT Switches to external reference oscillator Manual operation See Reference on page 81 SYSTem COMMunicate GPIB RDEVice GENerator ADDRess Number Changes the IEC IEEE bus address of the external generator Parameters Number Range 0 to 30 RST 28 Example SYST COMM GPIB RDEV GEN ADDR 15 Manual operation See GPIB Address TCP IP Address on page 81 Configuring the Inputs and Outputs SYSTem COMMunicate RDEVice GENerator INTerface Type Defines the interface used for the connection to the external generator Parameters Type GPIB TCPip RST GPIB Example SYST COMM RDEV GEN INT TCP Manual operation See Interface on page 81 SYSTem COMMunicate RDEVice GENerator TYPE Type This command selects the type of external generator Parameters Name Generator name as string value RST SMUO02 Example SYST COMM RDEV GEN TYPE SMWO6 Selects SMWO06G as an external generator Manual operation See Generator Type on page 81 SYSTem COMMunicate TCPip RDEVice GENerator ADDRess Address Configures the TCP IP address for the ext
92. all functions and settings available to configure measure ments and analyze results with their corresponding remote control command How to Perform Measurements with the Noise Figure Application The basic procedure to perform each measurement and step by step instructions for more complex tasks or alternative methods Measurement Examples Detailed measurement examples to guide you through typical measurement sce narios and allow you to try out the application immediately Optimizing and Troubleshooting the Measurement Hints and tips on how to handle errors and optimize the test setup Remote Commands for Noise Figure Measurements Remote commands required to configure and perform noise figure measurements in a remote environment sorted by tasks Commands required to set up the environment or to perform common tasks on the instrument are provided in the main R amp S FSW User Manual Programming examples demonstrate the use of many commands and can usually be executed directly for test purposes Annex Reference material List of remote commands Alphahabetical list of all remote commands described in the manual Index User Manual 1173 9270 02 13 7 Documentation Overview 1 2 Documentation Overview The user documentation for the R amp S FSW consists of the following parts e Printed Getting Started manual e Online Help system on the instrument e Documentation DVD with Getting Started User Manuals for base unit an
93. ameters Result GAIN Assigns the limit line to gain reuslts NOISe Assigns the limit line to noise figure results PCOLd Assigns the limit line to power cold results PHOT Assigns the limit line to power hot results TEMPerature Assigns the limit line to noise temperature results YFACtor Assigns the limit line to y factor results Example CALC LIM2 TYPE GAIN Assigns limit line 2 to the gain result display Defining Horizontal Data Points Note that the number of data points on the horizontal axis should be the same as the number of data points on the vertical axis Otherwise the limit line may take on an unin tended shape Working with Limit Lines Example Number of vertical data points number of horizontal data points CALC LIM CONT 100MHZ 200MHZ 300MHZ 400MHZ 500MHZ CALC LIM UPP 0 5 0 gt the application dumps 400 and 500 MHz Example Number of vertical data points gt number of horizontal data points CALC LIM CONT 100MHZ 200MHZ 300MHZ 400MHZ 500MHZ CALC LIM UPP 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 2 the application adds new horizontal data points 500 00000100 MHz and 500 00000200 MHz CALCulate n LIMit k CONTTroOIl DATA 2i scele cce aa hann nennen ENN 176 CAL GCulate n EIMIESK GCONTEOESHIEPL aii eaeutne eii oti enamora a ENNEN 176 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt CONTrol DATA lt LimitLinePoints gt This command defines the horizontal definition poin
94. amp S FSW K72 BWCD 3G FDD BTS 3GPP FDD UE R amp S FSW K73 MWCD 3G FDD UE TD SCDMA BTS R amp S FSW K76 BTDS TD SCDMA BTS TD SCDMA UE R amp S FSW K77 MTDS TD SCDMA UE cdma2000 BTS R amp S FSW K82 BC2K CDMA2000 BTS cdma2000 MS R amp S FSW K83 MC2K CDMA2000 MS 1xEV DO BTS R amp S FSW K84 BDO 1xEV DO BTS 1xEV DO MS R amp S FSW K85 MDO 1xEV DO MS WLAN R amp S FSW K91 WLAN WLAN 802 11ad R amp S FSW K95 WIGIG 802 11ad LTE R amp S FSW K10x LTE LTE Real Time Spectrum R amp S FSW B160R RTIM Real Time Spectrum K160RE DOCSIS 3 1 R amp S FSW K192 193 DOCSis DOCSIS 3 1 the default channel name is also listed in the table If the specified name for a new channel already exists the default name extended by a sequential number is used for the new channel Controlling the Noise Figure Measurement Channel INSTrument REName lt ChannelName1 gt lt ChannelName2 gt This command renames a measurement channel Parameters lt ChannelName1 gt String containing the name of the channel you want to rename lt ChannelName2 gt String containing the new channel name Note that you can not assign an existing channel name to a new channel this will cause an error Example INST REN IQAnalyzer2 IQAnalyzer3 Renames the channel with the name IQAnalyzer2 to IQAna lyzer3 Usage Setting only INSTrument SELect lt ChannelType gt lt ChannelName gt This command activates a new measurement channe
95. ample Setting SENSe BANDwidth RESolution TYPE NORMal Query SENSe BANDwidth RESolution TYPE would return NORM 7 2 6 4 Character Strings Strings are alphanumeric characters They have to be in straight quotation marks You can use a single quotation mark or a double quotation mark Example INSTRument DELete Spectrum 7 2 6 5 Block Data Block data is a format which is suitable for the transmission of large amounts of data The ASCII character introduces the data block The next number indicates how many of the following digits describe the length of the data block In the example the 4 follow ing digits indicate the length to be 5168 bytes The data bytes follow During the trans mission of these data bytes all end or other control signs are ignored until all bytes are transmitted 0 specifies a data block of indefinite length The use of the indefinite for mat requires a NL END message to terminate the data block This format is useful when the length of the transmission is not known or if speed or other considerations prevent segmentation of the data into blocks of definite length Controlling the Noise Figure Measurement Channel 7 3 Controlling the Noise Figure Measurement Channel The following commands are necessary to control the measurement channel INSTrument GREate DUPLicale 2 Leiterin coo partur Rentner x marce qn Ren EEN 105 INS Trument OREate ME an
96. are currently using if you have selected one in the Loss Settings tab In addition the tab contains functionality to create new tables and modify existing ones p X S 57 e 58 COD TE contineret Tert nent eerta tim e dut I marr eee 58 Bl cc 58 Import Export EE 58 New Opens the Edit Table dialog box to create a new loss table The contents of the dialog box are empty Remote command Create input loss table SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut TABLe on page 131 Create output loss table SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut TABLe on page 132 Configuring the Analyzer Edit Opens the Edit Table dialog box to modify the selected table Remote command Edit input loss table SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut TABLe on page 131 Edit output loss table SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut TABLe on page 132 Copy To Opens the Edit Table dialog box to modify the selected table and save it under a new name Delete Deletes the selected table Remote command Delete input loss table SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut TABLe DELete on page 131 Delete output loss table SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut TABLe DELete on page 133 Import Export Table Opens a dialog box to select a loss table to import or export An import copies the loss tabl
97. as a suffix in the new command to activate the limit check see CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt TRACe lt t gt CHECk on page 181 Parameters lt TraceNumber gt 1 to 4 RST 1 Example CALC LIM2 TRAC 3 Assigns limit line 2 to trace 3 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt TRACe lt t gt CHECk lt State gt This command turns the limit check for a specific trace on and off To query the limit check result use CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt FAIL Note that this command replaces the two commands from previous signal and spec trum analyzers which are still supported however CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt TRACe on page 181 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt STATe on page 180 Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example CALC LIM3 TRAC2 CHEC ON Switches on the limit check for limit line 3 on trace 2 Manual operation See Traces to be Checked on page 96 Working with Markers 7 18 Working with Markers The following commands are necessary to work with markers Using RE EE 182 e Using Delta Markets eere neninn are Eget a dE qid GE ERE ee ed ee 184 e Contiguring MaKeIS o ete tc tied ert eg te cn c tl rg d d P 187 Positioning Makers EET 188 e Positioning Delta Markers wis ina edd 190 7 18 4 Using Markers Note that the suffix at CALCulate has an effect only if you query the characteristics of a marker If you set a marker you can ignore the suffix because the markers are linke
98. asurement steps in the channel bar Noise ENR Const 15 00 dB Mode 2nd Stage Corr On Ne 3 Calibration Clearing results If you have to replace the previous calibration or measurement results you can clear the currently stored data with the Clear Calibration Results or Clear Measurement Results button that is also available in the dialog box DUT Types Returning to automatic measurement mode When you are in automatic measurement mode and select a noise source with resistor characteristics the application automatically selects the manual measurement mode When you are in manual measurement mode and select a noise source with diode characteristics you have to select the automatic measurement mode deliberately in the Sweep menu DUT Types Noise figure measurements are possible on DUTs with a wide variety of characteris tics The DUT characteristics are important to know because they not only have an effect on the test setup but also determine the way the application populates the fre quency list in case of swept measurements The Noise Figure Measurements application supports measurements on DUTs that work on a fixed frequency as well as measurements on frequency converting DUTs e Measurements on Linear DUTs 28 e Measurements on Frequency Converting DUT 28 Measurements on Linear DUTs In case of a linear DUT the RF frequency remains the same between its input and out put For measurement
99. ates or deactivates the YIG preselector if available on the R amp S FSW An internal YIG preselector at the input of the R amp S FSW ensures that image frequen cies are rejected However this is only possible for a restricted bandwidth In order to use the maximum bandwidth for signal analysis you can deactivate the YIG preselector at the input of the R amp S FSW which may lead to image frequency display 5 9 2 5 9 2 1 Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S FSW Note that the YIG preselector is active only on frequencies greater than 8 GHz There fore switching the YIG preselector on or off has no effect if the frequency is below that value Remote command INPut FILTer YIG STATe on page 153 External Mixer Settings Access Overview Input Frontend Input Source External Mixer or INPUT OUTPUT Input Source Config Input Source External Mixer If installed the optional external mixer can be configured from the R amp S FSW Noise measurements application E Ed E 70 e E e 73 e Managing Conversion Loss Tables AE 75 e Creating and Editing Conversion Loss Table 77 Mixer Settings Access Overview gt Input Frontend gt Input Source gt External Mixer gt Mixer Settings or INPUT OUTPUT gt Input Source Config gt Input Source gt External Mixer gt Mixer Settings In this tab you configure the band and specific mixer settings Radio Frequency Mixe
100. ation calculates the uncertainty according to the values you have entered in there Turn the switch off when you use different noise sources during calibration and mea surement The application shows an additional set of fields to define the noise source characteristics The uncertainty calculation also includes these values The switch is available if you have turned on Common Noise Source Remote command CALCulate UNCertainty COMMon on page 138 Output Match Defines the output match of the noise source you are using You can define the output match either as the VSWR or as the return loss RL Refer to the datasheet of the noise source for these values Remote command CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh SOURce VSWR on page 144 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh SOURce RL on page 144 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh SOURce CALibration VSWR on page 143 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh SOURce CALibration RL on page 143 ENR Uncert ainty Defines the uncertainty of the excess noise ratio of the noise source you are using 5 7 2 Using the Uncertainty Calculator Refer to the datasheet of the noise source for this value Available for noise sources with diode characteristics Remote command CALCulate UNCertainty ENR UNCertainty on page 141 CALCulate UNCertainty ENR CALibration UNCertainty on page 140 Temperature Uncert ainty Defines the uncertainty of the hot and cols temperatures of the noise source you are using Refer to the datash
101. ation see the Remote Basics chapter in the R amp S FSW User Manual Suffix n irrelevant Parameters Mode SINGIe Each measurement is performed once regardless of the chan nel s sweep mode considering each channels sweep count until all measurements in all active channels have been per formed CONTinuous The measurements in each active channel are performed one after the other repeatedly regardless of the channel s sweep mode in the same order until the Sequencer is stopped CDEFined First a single sequence is performed Then only those channels in continuous sweep mode INIT CONT ON are repeated RST CONTinuous Performing Measurements Example SYST SEQ ON Activates the Sequencer INIT SEQ MODE SING Sets single sequence mode so each active measurement will be performed once INIT SEQ IMM Starts the sequential measurements SENSe CONFigure CONTrol Mode This command selects the measurement mode for the hot and cold power measure ments Note that selecting a noise source with resistor characteristics with SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration TYPE Or SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TYPE automatically selects manual measurement mode Parameters Mode AUTO Performs the Power Hot and Power Cold measurement in one step MANual Performs the Power Hot and Power Cold measurement in two separate steps Example CONF CONT AUTO Selects the automatic m
102. ave set The Center setting is also available via the FREQ key Remote command Frequency list measurement SENSe FREQuency CENter on page 118 Single frequency measurement SENSe FREQuency SING1le on page 119 Span Defines the measurement span If you change the span the application will change the start frequency the stop fre quency and the stepsize according to the center frequency and the measurement points The Span setting is also available via the SPAN key Remote command SENSe FREQuency SPAN on page 120 Start and Stop Frequency Defines the start and stop frequencies If you change the start or stop frequency the application will change the center fre quency the span and the measurement points according to the stop or start frequency and the stepsize The Start and Stop settings are also available via the FREQ key Remote command Start frequency SENSe FREQuency STARt on page 120 Stopf frequency SENSe FREQuency STOP on page 121 Measurement Points Defines the measurement points In case of frequency list measurements the number of measurement points corre sponds to the number of entries in the frequency table and therefore the number of measurements displayed in the graphical results If you change the measurement points the application will change the stepsize accord ing to the span The Points setting is also available via the SPAN key Remote command
103. ay be approximated by a constant or be based on a ENR or temperature table If the ENR or temperature is a constant the same values are used for all frequencies in the frequency table If you have selected a constant ENR you have to define its magnitude in the input field next to the radio button If you have selected a constant temperature you have to define the temperatures of the resistor in the input fields next to the radio button Thot is the temperature of a resistor with a low noise or ambient temperature T is the temperature of a resistor with a high noise or ambient temper ature If the noise characteristics are based on a table the ENR level and temperatures typi cally depend on the measurement frequency You can select an existing table from the dropdown menu next to the radio button if it is active For more information on ENR and temperature tables see chapter 5 4 3 Using an ENR or Temperature Table on page 52 When Common Noise Source is on the ENR is used for both measurement and cali bration Remote command ENR mode SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement MODE on page 128 Constant ENR SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement SPOT on page 128 Select table SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe SELect on page 126 Constant temperature SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement SPOT COLD on page 129 Constant temperature SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement SPOT HOT on p
104. ble can be assigned to the range For a definition of the frequency range for the pre defined bands see table 7 3 Remote command SENSe CORRection CVL BAND on page 154 Harmonic Order The harmonic order of the range for which the table is to be applied This setting is checked against the current mixer setting before the table can be assigned to the range Remote command SENSe CORRection CVL HARMonic on page 156 Bias The bias current which is required to set the mixer to its optimum operating point It corresponds to the short circuit current The bias current can range from 10 mA to 10 mA The actual bias current is lower because of the forward voltage of the mixer diode s Tip You can also define the bias interactively while a preview of the trace with the changed setting is displayed see Bias Settings on page 75 Remote command SENSe CORRection CVL BIAS on page 154 Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S FSW Mixer Name Specifies the name of the external mixer for which the table is to be applied This set ting is checked against the current mixer setting before the table can be assigned to the range Remote command SENSe CORRection CVL MIXer on page 156 Mixer S N Specifies the serial number of the external mixer for which the table is to be applied The specified number is checked against the currently connected mixer number before the table can be assigned to the range Remote c
105. ble from the dropdown menu next to the radio button if it is active For more information on ENR tables see chapter 5 4 3 Using an ENR or Temperature Table on page 52 The calibration settings are available if the Common Noise Source is off Remote command ENR mode SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration MODE on page 123 Constant ENR SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration SPOT on page 124 Select table SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration TABLe SELect on page 124 Constant temperature SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration SPOT COLD on page 123 Constant temperature SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration SPOT HOT on page 123 Temperature Defines the absolute room temperature in degree Celsius or Fahrenheit The room temperature is required for the calculation of the real ENR of the noise Source because an ENR table is based on a temperature of 290K To change the unit of the temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit change the date for mat from DE to US in the General display settings e Press the SETUP key Press the Display softkey e Select the General tab e Select DE for Celsius or US for Fahrenheit Note If you define the temperature via remote control the unit is degree Kelvin Remote command SENSe CORRection TEMPerature on page 130 Using an ENR or Temperature Table The Table Settings tab in the ENR TEMP Settings dialog box contains the
106. bsequent command before the measure ment has been aborted successfully use the OPC or WAI command after ABOR and before the next command For details see the Remote Basics chapter in the R amp S FSW User Manual Performing Measurements To abort a sequence of measurements by the Sequencer use the INITiate lt n gt SEQuencer ABORt command Note on blocked remote control programs If a sequential command cannot be completed for example because a triggered sweep never receives a trigger the remote control program will never finish and the remote channel to the R amp S FSW is blocked for further commands In this case you must inter rupt processing on the remote channel first in order to abort the measurement To do so send a Device Clear command from the control instrument to the R amp S FSW on a parallel channel to clear all currently active remote channels Depend ing on the used interface and protocol send the following commands e Visa viClear e GPIB ibcir e RSIB RSDLLibclr Now you can send the ABORt command on the remote channel performing the mea surement Example ABOR INIT IMM Aborts the current measurement and immediately starts a new one Example ABOR WAI INIT IMM Aborts the current measurement and starts a new one once abortion has been completed Usage Event SCPI confirmed INITiate lt n gt CONTinuous State This command controls the sweep mode for an individual measu
107. calibrated range will calibration become invalid and you should calibrate this frequency point e Interpolation If you change the frequency and the frequency span stays the same or gets smaller the application interpolates the correction data for the new measurement points instead of requesting a new calibration Measurements based on interpolated data might result in an increased measure ment uncertainty Highly accurate measurements that are conform to the values specified in the data sheet are only possible at calibrated measurement points Note that useful interpolation is possible only if essential calibration parameters e g impedance or attenuation change only slightly This is the case if the dis tance between the original calibration points has been sufficiently small If the span increases compared to the span during calibration a new calibration is necessary User Manual 1173 9270 02 13 34 Calibration 2nd Stage Correction If the application interpolates the caibration data it shows a corresponding label in the channel bar and a warning message in the status bar e Invalid calibration If you change one of the amplitude parameters e g the attenuation calibration is labeled invalid In that case calibration is not accurate because the settings are not in line with the settings at the time the R amp S FSW has been calibrated If cali bration is invalid repeat the calibration or restore the settings as they were d
108. ck are displayed in blue font References References to other parts of the documentation are enclosed by quota tion marks Conventions for Procedure Descriptions When describing how to operate the instrument several alternative methods may be available to perform the same task In this case the procedure using the touchscreen is described Any elements that can be activated by touching can also be clicked using an additionally connected mouse The alternative procedure using the keys on the instrument or the on screen keyboard is only described if it deviates from the standard operating procedures The term select may refer to any of the described methods i e using a finger on the touchscreen a mouse pointer in the display or a key on the instrument or on a key board Notes on Screenshots When describing the functions of the product we use sample screenshots These screenshots are meant to illustrate as much as possible of the provided functions and possible interdependencies between parameters The screenshots usually show a fully equipped product that is with all options instal led Thus some functions shown in the screenshots may not be available in your par ticular product configuration Starting the Application 2 Welcome to the Noise Figure Measurement Application The R amp S FSW K30 is a firmware application that adds functionality to perform noise figure measurements to the R amp S FSW This user
109. connection to the generator before you can perform the measurement The command is available with option R amp S FSW B10 Usage Event Manual operation See Init External Generator on page 84 SYSTem CONFigure GENerator SWITch AUTO State This command turns automatic deactivation of the generator s RF output after a mea surement is done on and off The command is available with option R amp S FSW B10 Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example SYST CONF GEN SWIT AUTO ON Turns on automatic deactivation of the RF output Manual operation See Auto Switch Off on page 83 Configuring the Display The following commands are necessary to configure and scale the result displays Configuring the Display bDISPlayPWINDowemnsETRACe dE EE 168 DISPlayWINDowen t TRACE Xp SOALe euin urs n n eet e epe ne nexum Red 168 DISPlay WINDow n TRACe t Y SCALe BOTTom essen 168 DISPlay WINDow n TRACe Y SCALe AUTO iiiseeicecezscu en een zn natn nro 169 DISPlay WINDow n TRACe t Y SCALe TOP eeeeeeseseisese sisi itte n 169 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe SYMBols State This command turns symbols that represent the measurement points on a trace on and off Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example DISP WIND2 TRAC SYMB ON Switches on the display of symbols in window 2 Manual operation See Symbols on page 86 e e e e
110. ction EVENI 2 2 peti i coord arcane toco serito reus 196 STATus QUEStoneble EIMIEEVENI 1 2 i rtt oett Re ot x ce a cta raso cn 196 STATUS e ne er 196 STATUs QUESHonable C ONDIEOFIV sisanne tte eren d c oos tested ense exor ivesi 196 STATusOUEGuonable CObRbechon CONDiton seen eene nn ns 196 STATus OUEGuonable LlMt CONDtton aa AAEE 196 STATUS OPERatOn EE 197 STATUS e Bee 2 5 2 rre oii redeo d hera cex ie eesd e tete udo a eee een 197 STATusOUEztonable CObRbechonENAb le eene nenne nannten 197 STATUus QUEStlonable LIMIEENABIe 2 2 irn eace REENEN EENS EENS REENEN hia via Enida 197 STATUS OPERaton CR Le EE 197 STATUs QUEStomable NTRSRSIUOI EE 197 STATusOUEGtonable CObRbechonNTRansiton 197 STATus QUEStioneble LIMIENTRanSIEDT aiii reat matter recta nane ccn deu 197 STATUS OPERation P TPanslligli 22 2 22 29 82 0 9 2 sede sauete cipes e asd EOS A ONERE 197 STATus QUEStionable PTRatnsitlODi 2 ENEE ANEREN SERRURIER RE RUUIAR AEE 197 STATusOUEGuonable CObRbechon PD Ransition 197 STATus QUEStBionable LIMICP TRANSI OM 5 2n datant entra e aaae 197 STATus OPERation EVENt STATus QUEStionable EVENt STATus QUEStionable CORRection EVENt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable LIMit EVENt lt ChannelName gt These commands read out the EVENt section of the status register The commands at the same time delete the contents of the EVENt section Query parameters lt ChannelName gt
111. d Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum NEXT on page 189 CALCulate n MARKer m MAXimum RIGHt on page 189 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum LEFT on page 188 CALCulate n DELTamarker m MAXimum NEXT on page 190 CALCulate n DELTamarker m MAXimum RIGHt on page 191 CALCulate n DELTamarker m MAXimum LEFT on page 190 Search Minimum Sets the selected marker delta marker to the minimum of the trace If no marker is active marker 1 is activated Remote command CALCulate n MARKer m MINimum PEAK on page 190 CALCulate n DELTamarker m MINimum PEAK on page 191 Limit Line Settings and Functions Search Next Minimum Sets the selected marker delta marker to the next higher minimum of the selected trace If no marker is active marker 1 is activated Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum NEXT on page 189 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum LEFT on page 189 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum RIGHt on page 190 CALCulate n DELTamarker m MINimum NEXT on page 191 CALCulate n DELTamarker m MINimum LEFT on page 191 CALCulate n DELTamarker m MINimum RIGHt on page 192 Marker to Single Frequency Starts a single frequency measurement on the current marker position When you use this function the application changes the tuning mode and automati cally adjusts the single frequency
112. d to each other over all measurement windows and will always be on the same fre quency CAL Culate nz M AbkercmzAOEtE 182 CALC latesn gt E E REN KE 182 e DEE e 182 GALOulate n MARKOEtSIYSX irasci ec ner asap nU no RR RA dn RID EENS 183 GAL Culateem s MARKE mM E 183 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt AOFF This command turns all markers off Example CALC MARK AOFF Switches off all markers Usage Event Manual operation See All Markers Off on page 91 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt STATe State This command turns markers on and off If the corresponding marker number is cur rently active as a deltamarker it is turned into a normal marker Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example CALC MARK3 ON Switches on marker 3 Manual operation See Marker Type on page 91 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt TRACe lt Trace gt This command selects the trace the marker is positioned on Working with Markers Note that the corresponding trace must have a trace mode other than Blank If necessary the command activates the marker first Parameters Trace 1to4 Trace number the marker is assigned to Example CALC MARK3 TRAC 2 Assigns marker 3 to trace 2 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt X Position This command moves a marker to a particular coordinate on the x axis If necessary the command activates the marker If the marker has been used as a delta marker the command t
113. d firmware applications Service Manual Release Notes Data sheet and product brochures Online Help The Online Help is embedded in the instrument s firmware It offers quick context sen sitive access to the complete information needed for operation and programming Online help is available using the icon on the toolbar of the R amp S FSW Web Help The web help provides online access to the complete information on operating the R amp S FSW and all available options without downloading The content of the web help corresponds to the user manuals for the latest product version The web help is availa ble from the R amp S FSW product page at http www rohde schwarz com product FSW html Downloads Web Help Getting Started This manual is delivered with the instrument in printed form and in PDF format on the DVD It provides the information needed to set up and start working with the instru ment Basic operations and handling are described Safety information is also included The Getting Started manual in various languages is also available for download from the Rohde amp Schwarz website on the R amp S FSW product page at http www rohde schwarz com product FSW html User Manuals User manuals are provided for the base unit and each additional firmware application The user manuals are available in PDF format in printable form on the Documenta tion DVD delivered with the instrument In the user manual
114. d order of processing 1 Noise Source See chapter 5 4 Configuring the Noise Source on page 49 2 Spectrum Analyzer See chapter 5 6 Configuring the Analyzer on page 58 3 Input and Output Losses See chapter 5 5 Configuring Additional Loss on page 55 To configure settings gt Select any button in the Overview to open the corresponding dialog box Select a setting in the channel bar at the top of the measurement channel tab to change a specific setting Preset Channel Select the Preset Channel button in the lower lefthand corner of the Overview to restore all measurement settings in the current channel to their default values Note that the PRESET key restores the entire instrument to its default values and thus closes all measurement channels on the R amp S FSW except for the default Spectrum application channel Remote command SYSTem PRESet CHANnel EXECute on page 108 Defining the Measurement Frequency Specifics for The measurement channel may contain several windows for different results Thus the settings indicated in the Overview and configured in the dialog boxes vary depending on the selected window Select an active window from the Specifics for selection list that is displayed in the Overview and in all window specific configuration dialog boxes The Overview and dialog boxes are updated to indicate the settings for the selected window 5 2 Defining the
115. d selects an ENR or temperature table for the actual measurement When you want to edit a table regardless if you want to use it later for a measurement or for calibration you have to use this command SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration TABLe SELect only selects a table for calibration Parameters lt TableName gt String containing the table name Example CORR ENR MEAS TABL SEL ENRTable Selects a table called ENRTable Manual operation See Measurement on page 51 See New on page 53 See Edit on page 53 Configuring the Noise Source SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe TEMPerature DATA Frequency Thot lt Tcold gt This command defines the contents of the currently selected temperature table The temperature table should contain an two temperature values for all measurement points If you create a new table with this command it will overwrite the current entries of the frequency list To select the temperature table you want to edit use SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe SELect Parameters lt Frequency gt lt Thot gt Each entry of the temperature table consists of one measure lt Tcold gt ment point and the corresponding temperature values The table can contain up to 500 entries lt Frequency gt Frequency of the measurement point The range is from 0 Hz to 999 99 GHz lt Thot gt Temperature of the noise source when it is off for
116. dede rope bue eta pene Rosanna eu PER ec A ERAN CHE pe nE 105 INS TramentoREale REPLACE eei reel aere SEENEN 106 INS inne el EE 106 Hy EST aa SE AMETE EDT 106 INS bE EE 108 INSTr meht SEEect iei k co ENEE EEGENEN 108 SYSTeni PRESetCHANnSIEEXEQGUte 2 4222 terat hehe en Ea niet RA aiaa 108 INSTrument CREate DUPLicate This command duplicates the currently selected measurement channel i e creates a new measurement channel of the same type and with the identical measurement set tings The name of the new channel is the same as the copied channel extended by a consecutive number e g IQAnalyzer IQAnalyzer2 The channel to be duplicated must be selected first using the INST SEL command Example INST SEL IQAnalyzer INST CRE DUPL Duplicates the channel named IQAnalyzer and creates a new measurement channel named IQAnalyzer2 Usage Event INSTrument CREate NEW lt ChannelType gt lt ChannelName gt This command adds an additional measurement channel The number of measurement channels you can configure at the same time depends on available memory Parameters lt ChannelType gt Channel type of the new channel For a list of available channel types see INSTrument LIST on page 106 lt ChannelName gt String containing the name of the channel The channel name is displayed as the tab label for the measurement channel Note If the specified name for a new channel already exists the d
117. dit Generator Setup File Displays the setup file for the currently selected Generator Type in read only mode in an editor Although the existing setup files are displayed in read only mode in the editor they can be saved under a different name using File gt SaveAs For more information see chapter 4 4 External Generator Control on page 29 Frequency Min Frequency Max For reference only Lower and upper frequency limit for the generator Level Min Level Max For reference only Lower and upper power limit for the generator Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S FSW 5 9 3 2 Measurement Configuration External Generator Measurement d e Autormatic Control Configuration Init Before Meas Auto Switch Off 20 0 dBm Numerator Source Freq LO Offset oftser2 Kor Denominator Result Frequency Start Result Frequenc Automate Cont o E 82 itere rees EE 82 Auto SWIC OR GE 83 SOUE EE 83 Frequency COUP E 83 Init External Generator EE 84 Automatic Control Turns automatic control of the external generator on and off If on the application controls the configuration of the external generator during mea surements by transmitting the required remote commands The connection is estab lished automatically before a measurement if Init Before Meas is on To establish the connection manually at any time use the Init External Generator function Otherwise you have to control the
118. ditional Loss Loss Settings Input Loss Constant 0 0 dB Table o Constant 0 0 dB Table You can define the loss characteristics of the signal path to the DUT input and the sig nal path from the DUT output to the analyzer Noise Input Loss Output Loss Source uicit fo 56 OT dor RR 56 Input Loss Selects the source of losses between the noise source and the DUT input The input loss is the sum of all losses caused by the measurement equipment The loss may be constant or be based on a loss table If the loss is constant the same loss is used for all frequencies in the frequency table If you have selected a constant loss you can also define its value in the input field next to the radio button If the loss is based on a table the loss values are interpolated to the measurement fre quencies You can select a table from the dropdown menu next to the radio button if it is active For more information on loss tables see chapter 5 5 2 Using a Loss Table on page 57 Remote command Loss mode SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut MODE on page 130 Constant loss SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut SPOT on page 131 Select loss table SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut TABLe SELect on page 132 Output Loss Selects the source of loss between the DUT output and the RF input of the analyzer 5 5 2 Configuring Additional Loss The output loss is
119. dress External generator seisis senri External generator eee o TTL synchronization External generator s 81 H Handover frequency External MIXET its eese Ere ta tete E ene EON ete 71 External Mixer Remote control 158 Hardware settings Displayed E 13 Harmonics Conversion loss table systirin iaa 78 External Mixer Remote control 160 161 Order External Mixer Type External Mixer High pass filter REMOTE 152 ISE IDIDUL ee eeh SE 69 l Image ee EE 49 Impedance FROMOUG e NEP 152 Setting Input Gouiplilig EE 69 Coupling remote 2151 i oSid o a 55 Inserting Limit line values Installation sae cioe eet iic ee Decem vases K Keys Peak Seal Gh asirini e o ener cried 93 RUN CONT DI RUN SINGLE site eesti e 68 L Level characteristics 5 2 tren ttm 60 Limitlines eee 94 Activating Deactivating 96 iere ipe 97 luet Le UE 95 Copying 96 Creating 96 Dat polnts eege arenda ed nennen trees 98 D activatihg EE 96 D letingi e 96 D leting valie S cmn tre teretes 98 pcm 97 EG ee cT 96 Inserting VAISS cesses irc terret terrere 98 EIN le E aia 94 MEL 97 SaVvInQ eerte te iEn e tn ec ed titus tet e 98 SS CIOCUING E 96 SRMN EE 98 MCA 96 W
120. e Leere ire e Ene etel gp Rer ce FECHAS DIA e iene 109 LAYVoutiCATalog WINDOW sas cc 1 saccacccetegedecst nn rete pore onn nue aai piaia 110 LA You DE Ntify WWIN DOW EE 111 LAY out REMOVE WINDOW n ana a a E AAA EAA AE a Ea IEAA 111 LAYout REPLace WINDOW 1i eecr oett been aani anpi daa Paene paida aiai ddiaa 111 Ber Ia GE EEN 112 dere Teen e 113 LAY out dh ee CN 114 Bereet 114 LAYOuRWINDOW n gt REPLACE P M 114 LAYout ADD WINDow lt WindowName gt lt Direction gt lt WindowT ype gt This command adds a window to the display in the active measurement channel This command is always used as a query so that you immediately obtain the name of the new window as a result To replace an existing window use the LAYout REPLace WINDow command Parameters lt WindowName gt String containing the name of the existing window the new win dow is inserted next to By default the name of a window is the same as its index To determine the name and index of all active windows use the LAYout CATalog WINDow query lt Direction gt LEFT RIGHt ABOVe BELow Direction the new window is added relative to the existing win dow lt WindowType gt text value Type of result display evaluation method you want to add See the table below for available parameter values Return values lt NewWindowName gt When adding a new window the command returns its name by default the same as its number as
121. e UNCertainty MATCh SOURCe VSWR esses nennen ennt 144 CAL Culate UNC ertaintv PR amp GAN 144 CAL Culate UNCerainty PREamp NOlLSe EE 145 CALCulate UNGCertainty PREamp S TATe uiia ciet eee ed ee aka o usa ccc Diar ea 145 ee E De a 145 CALOCulate UNCertainty SANalyzer GAIN UNCertainty isses 145 CAL Culate UNC ertaintv GANalvzerNOlGe UNC ertainty erer erererererersrsrersrnns 146 CALCulate UNCertainty COMMon State This command turns matching of the noise source characteristics used during calibra tion and measurement on and off This command is available when you use different noise sources for calibration and measurement SENSe CORRection ENR COMMon OFF Parameters State ON OFF RST unavailable Example CALC UNC COMM ON Applies the values of the calibration noise source to those of the measurement noise source Manual operation See Common Source for Meas and Cal on page 63 Using the Uncertainty Calculator CALCulate UNCertainty DATA FREQuency Frequency This command defines the frequency for which the uncertainty should be calculated This command is available if you have turned automatic determination of the DUT characteristics off with CALCulate UNCertainty DATA RESults Parameters Frequency Frequency of the DUT RST 1 GHz Example CALC UNC DATA FREQ 100MHZ Defines a frequency of 100 MHz Manual operation See Use Measurement Valu
122. e Uncert ainty on page 64 Using the Uncertainty Calculator CALCulate UNCertainty ENR UNCertainty HOT Uncertainty This command defines the uncertainty of a resistor If the noise sources during calibration and measurement are different the command defines the uncertainty of the measurement noise source Parameters Uncertainty Hot temperature uncertainty value of the noise source Refer to the data sheet of the noise source to determine its uncertainty RST OK Example CALC UNC ENR UNC HOT 10 Defines an high temperature uncertainty of 10 K Manual operation See Temperature Uncert ainty on page 64 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh DUT IN RL lt ReturnLoss gt This command defines the return loss at the DUT input Parameters lt ReturnLoss gt RST 50 0 dB Example CALC UNC MATC DUT IN RL 25DB Defines a return loss of 25 dB Manual operation See Input Output Match on page 64 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh DUT IN VSWR lt VSWR gt This command defines the VSWR at the DUT input Parameters lt VSWR gt RST 1 0 Example CALC UNC MATC DUT IN 1 1 Defines a VSWR of 1 1 at the DUT input Manual operation See Input Output Match on page 64 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh DUT OUT RL lt ReturnLoss gt This command defines the returns loss at the DUT output Parameters lt ReturnLoss gt RST 50 0 dB Example CALC UNC MATC DUT OUT RL 40DB Defines a return loss of 40 dB at the DUT output
123. e User Mode In secure user mode settings that are to be stored on the instrument are stored to vol atile memory which is restricted to 256 MB Thus a Memory full error may occur although the hard disk indicates that storage space is still available To store data permanently select an external storage location such as a USB memory device For details see Protecting Data Using the Secure User Mode in the Data Manage ment section of the R amp S FSW User Manual Parameters lt Trace gt Number of the trace to be stored lt FileName gt String containing the path and name of the target file Example MMEM STOR1 TRAC 3 C TEST ASC Stores trace 3 from window 1 in the file TEST ASC Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Trace Export on page 88 TRACe lt n gt COPY lt TraceNumber gt lt TraceNumber gt This command copies data from one trace to another Parameters lt TraceNumber gt TRACE1 TRACE2 TRACE3 TRACE4 lt TraceNumber gt The first parameter is the destination trace the second parame ter is the source Note the e in the parameter is required Example TRAC COPY TRACE1 TRACE2 Copies the data from trace 2 to trace 1 Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Copy Trace on page 88 7 17 Working with Limit Lines The following commands are necessary to set up limit lines and checks When configuring limit lines for the noise figure application via remote control yo
124. e correction is a calibration that is specific to noise figure measurements the analyzer For successful calibration you need additional equipment e Noise source The noise source is like a calibration standard It provides a reference with known noise characteristics that allows the application to determine the inherent noise of the analyzer you are using During the calibration the application measures the inherent noise characteristics of the analyzer at the set of measurement frequencies Thus the 2nd stage correction is valid for a particular instrument configuration the room temperature and the instrument temperature As long as this configuration stays the same calibration data remains valid Calibrating single frequency measurements Like all other measurements of the Noise Figure application single frequency mea surements should be performed in a calibrated state for increased accuracy Note that there is an easy way to calibrate single frequency measurements if you have calibrated the application for swept or list measurements and the single frequency is part of the frequency list In that case the measurement is already calibrated for that frequency and no more steps are necessary The application recalls the last calibration values when you switch back to sweep mode or frequency table mode Only if you use a single frequency that is not part of the frequency list or use a com pletely different frequency outside the
125. e dialog box are empty Remote command Table selection SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration TABLe SELect on page 124 and SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe SELect on page 126 Diode SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe DATA on page 125 Resistor SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe TEMPerature DATA on page 127 Edit Opens the Edit Table dialog box to modify the selected table Remote command Table selection SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration TABLe SELect on page 124 and SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe SELect on page 126 Diode SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe DATA on page 125 Resistor SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe TEMPerature DATA on page 127 Configuring the Noise Source Copy To Opens the Edit Table dialog box to modify the selected table and save it under a new name Delete Deletes the selected table Remote command Diode SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe DELete on page 126 Resistor SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe TEMPerature DELete on page 127 Import Export Table Opens a dialog box to select a table to import or export An import copies the ENR or temperature table into the default table directory An export copies the table to a location outside the default table directory for example a memory stick The file extension has to be enr
126. e frequencies currently part of the frequency list If you enter another frequency the application automatically selects the nearest frequency of the frequency list If the fre quency list has been calibrated previously calibration remains valid for those frequen cies when you change the tuning mode 5 2 3 Defining the Measurement Frequency If you turn the coupling off you can define any frequency for single frequency mea surements Note however that it may become necessary to calibrate the measurement for that frequency Remote command SENSe FREQuency SINGle COUPling on page 119 Measurement Points Defines the number of measurement points for single frequency measurements In case of single frequency measurements the number of measurement points corre sponds to the number of measurements index values performed on a single fre quency For more information see Single frequency measurements on page 15 The Points setting is also available via the SPAN key Remote command SENSe SWEep POINts on page 119 Using a Frequency Table The Frequency Table tab in the Frequency Settings dialog box contains functional ity to manage the measurement frequencies The application populates the table according to the information you have entered in the Frequency Config tab if you press the Populate Table button Note that changes to the frequency table take effect only if you have selected the Fre quency
127. e into the default loss table directory An export copies the table to a location outside the default loss table directory e g a memory stick The file extension has to be loss 5 6 Configuring the Analyzer The Spectrum Analyzer button or the Meas Settings softkey open the Measure ment Settings dialog box to set up general measurement characteristics e Configuring the Measurement A 58 e Configuring Level Characheretlce nennen nnns 60 5 6 1 Configuring the Measurement The measurement settings include parameters directly related to the measurement itself 2nd Stage Correction RBW Sweep Time Settling Time Average Configuring the Analyzer 2nd Stage CO Till ld err ter eec etate tc ba edi i tin do mea er Ua ed en 59 Resolution Bandwidth RW 59 SUNSET PETIT E Lm mM 59 lee Er 59 Dro 59 2nd Stage Correction Turns 2nd stage correction on and off If 2nd stage correction is on the application excludes the inherent noise of the ana lyzer from the measurement results If 2nd stage correction is off the application does not correct the measurement results even if a valid calibration has been performed Note that correction data does not get lost if you turn off the 2nd stage correction For more information see chapter 4 6 Calibration 2nd Stage Correction on page 33 Remote command SENSe CONFigure CO
128. e loss resulting from equipment in the measurement setup SENSE CORRection LOSS TNPUbMODPE 2 21 eroe pecu e peer erties 130 SENSeTCORRectionibOSSTNPuttSPO T caprae reto bau niaan LER de ae Repo que 131 SENSeTCORRecuonL OS SANPUUTABLG geed ceca Re eade 131 SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut TABLe DELete nisreen nitate 131 SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut TABLe SELect sss 132 SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut MODE eese rere 132 SENSE I CORRection LOSS OU TPUESPOT earth ettet ere dran 132 SENSe CORRection LOSS OU TPut TABLe eiie rea eoi tco c de iecore oed eds 132 SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut TABLe DELete 0 ccceeeeececeeee cece caeeeeeeeeeeeeneneteneneees 133 SENSe CORRection LOSS OU TPut TABLe SELect dci retient tts 133 This command selects the input loss mode Parameters Mode SPOT Uses a constant input loss value for all measurement points see SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut SPOT on page 131 TABLe Uses the contents of the input loss table RST SPOT Example CORR LOSS INP MODE SPOT Selects constant input loss Manual operation See Input Loss on page 56 Configuring Additional Loss SENSe CORRection LOSS INPut SPOT Loss This command defines a constant input loss for all measurement points Parameters Loss Range 999 99 to 999 99 RST 0 dB Default unit dB Example CORR LOSS INP MODE SPOT CORR LOSS
129. e nnne nenne nnn 130 Configuring the Analyzer ciii ceni innec tren itnc crisi aiii nenas nn RAE Ra SEN 133 Using the Uncertainty Calculator eene 138 Performing Measurements tenni ntn nee tbn usn sna si uires nei rki ianuae E uE 146 Configuring the Inputs and Outputs eeeeeeeeeeeeneeenenennennnnnnnnen nnn 151 Radio Frequency RF Input 151 Sacrum 153 External Gerierator iii entrer ices ese ta dicer Sen Ya bec opua nuu RENANE ANETE Regna mecs 164 Configuring the Display ernannt innui nutriri ntn nn nnn nen iis 167 Working with Traces cioe eiie tienne tni ee trio enter AERE 170 Working with Limit Lines eccentric ttine 173 Defining General Characteristics of a Limit Line 174 Defining Horizontal Data Ponts enne 175 Controlling Lower Limit Lines 177 Controlling Upper Limit Lmes essem nnne 178 Managing Limit LINES ccc eter erent ee eee eine nennen nennen 179 4476 Controlling Limit Checks niinc erred desi a ide rab kl cie ee eee Re Xa dan 180 7 18 Working with Markoers 2 eoiiiceeeeiieece cuisine turis anaana nananana 182 TABT Using Markers erred eee ie eie spec deze eec t me ded eue det ecd 182 118 2 Using Delta MarKers eie ese ois og spec dod eee uae dea 184 18 3 Configuring En onis reiten tr ei dee e e de dL eaa 187 7 18 4 Positioning Marker
130. e parameter is optional If you omit it the command works for the currently active channel STATus OPERation NTRansition lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable NTRansition lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable CORRection NTRansition lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable LIMit NTRansition lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt These commands control the Negative TRansition part of a register Setting a bit causes a 1 to 0 transition in the corresponding bit of the associated regis ter The transition also writes a 1 into the associated bit of the corresponding EVENt register Parameters lt SumBit gt Range 0 to 65535 lt ChannelName gt String containing the name of the channel The parameter is optional If you omit it the command works for the currently active channel STATus OPERation PTRansition lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable PTRansition lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable CORRection PTRansition lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt STATus QUEStionable LIMit PTRansition lt SumBit gt lt ChannelName gt These commands control the Positive TRansition part of a register User Manual 1173 9270 02 13 197 Deprecated Remote Commands for Noise Figure Measurements Setting a bit causes a 0 to 1 transition in the corresponding bit of the associated regis ter The transition also writes a 1 into the associated bit of the corresponding EVENt
131. e return loss at the calibration noise source output Using the Uncertainty Calculator This command is available when SENSe CORRection ENR COMMon and CALCulate UNCertainty COMMon are off Parameters lt ReturnLoss gt RST 23 13 dB Example CALC UNC MATC SOUR CAL RL 20DB Defines a return loss of 20 dB Manual operation See Output Match on page 63 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh SOURce RL lt ReturnLoss gt This command defines the return loss at the noise source output If the noise sources during calibration and measurement are different the command defines the uncertainty of the measurement noise source Parameters lt ReturnLoss gt RST 23 13 dB Example CALC UNC MATC SOUR RL 20DB Defines a return loss of 20 dB Manual operation See Output Match on page 63 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh SOURce VSWR lt VSWR gt This command defines the VSWR at the noise source output If the noise sources during calibration and measurement are different the command defines the uncertainty of the measurement noise source Parameters lt VSWR gt RST 1 15 Example CALC UNC MATC SOUR 1 4 Defines a VSWR of 1 4 Manual operation See Output Match on page 63 CALCulate UNCertainty PREamp GAIN lt Gain gt This command define the gain of an external preamplifier that may be part of the test setup Parameters lt Gain gt Gain of the preamplifier Refer to the data sheet of the preamplifier to determine
132. easurement mode Manual operation See Meas Mode Auto Manual on page 68 SENSe CONFigure MEASurement Measurement This command selects the type of power measurement to perform next The command is available for manual measurements see SENSe CONFigure CONTrol Parameters Measurement COLD Performs the Power Cold measurement next HOT Performs the Power Hot measurement next Example CONF CONT MAN CONF MEAS HOT Performs the hot power measurement Manual operation See Meas Mode Auto Manual on page 68 Configuring the Inputs and Outputs SYSTem SEQuencer State This command turns the Sequencer on and off The Sequencer must be active before any other Sequencer commands INIT SEQ are executed otherwise an error will occur A detailed programming example is provided in the Operating Modes chapter in the R amp S FSW User Manual Parameters lt State gt ON OFF 0 1 ON 1 The Sequencer is activated and a sequential measurement is started immediately OFF 0 The Sequencer is deactivated Any running sequential measure ments are stopped Further Sequencer commands INIT SEQ are not available RST 0 Example SYST SEQ ON Activates the Sequencer INIT SEQ MODE SING Sets single Sequencer mode so each active measurement will be performed once INIT SEQ IMM Starts the sequential measurements SYST SEQ OFF 7 14 Configuring the Inputs and Outputs e Radio
133. ecifics for The settings you make apply to the results you have selected in the Specifics for dropdown menu If more than one window is on Specifics for also puts the focus on the corresponding window e Configuring Graphical RESUS ii iicccciacsacscetvesthessesadincssissantaasteiavviunestsavteantislanndiagesaa ee 85 e Configuring Numerical Results essien renane anaia 87 Configuring Graphical Results When configuring graphical results the dialog box contains functionality to scale and set up the diagram axes 1 Auto Scale On off rt Max Min Symbols On Configuring the Display SAXIS tenista lette ended dates dao tue ecc eund tu lr ee E 86 Auto Scale P MIR Max ei trt be art R MR ERR EAR DRER XR R a XR SEENEN 86 ers 86 UTS LANEY ert ested and ca ecce dede ce ett So wend aca Pede cuadra btt date dread 86 KEE 86 Y Axis Selects the result display and thus the scaling of the vertical axis For more information see chapter 3 Measurements and Result Displays on page 15 Auto Scale Min Max Turns automatic scaling of the vertical axis on and off If on the application optimizes the scaling of the vertical axis after each measurement for ideal viewing of the results If off you can define the scaling manually The Min and Max input fields become available These two input fields define the values at the top and bottom of the vertical ax
134. ection ENR CALibration SPOT c cececccececececeeeeeaneeneeeseceeeeseceteneeeeeneneas 124 SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration TABLe SELect sse 124 SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration TYPE 12i retia end aae racio n aa io dee deeds 125 SENSE I CORRection ee ln EE 125 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe DATA sesssssesenenenene nn 125 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABl e Dtleie sssessesesrererererersrsrersrnrnr nnn nn 126 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe LIST cccececeeececeeeeeeeeeaeaeaeeeeeeeenenenes 126 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe SELect sess 126 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe TEMPerature DATA 127 Configuring the Noise Source SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe TEMPerature DELete 127 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TABLe TEMPerature LIST sssssss 128 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement MODE essere 128 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement SPOT ccccceeceeeeeeeeceeeeeeeecaeaeaeaaaeaeeeenenenenes 128 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TE 128 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement SPOT COLD 2 ccecececeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeaeeeeenenenenes 129 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement SPOT HOT c ccccceeeeeeteteeeeeeeeseeeteeeeeeeeeees 129 SENSe CORRa amp ction TEMPeralure 2 22 1 irre a
135. ee Range 1 2 on page 72 SENSe MIXer HARMonic HIGH VALue lt HarmOrder gt This command specifies the harmonic order to be used for the high second range Parameters HarmOrder numeric value Range 2 to 61 USER band for other bands see band definition Example MIX HARM HIGH 2 Manual operation See Harmonic Order on page 72 SENSe MIXer HARMonic TYPE lt OddEven gt This command specifies whether the harmonic order to be used should be odd even or both Which harmonics are supported depends on the mixer type Parameters lt OddEven gt ODD EVEN EODD RST EVEN Example MIX HARM TYPE ODD Manual operation See Harmonic Type on page 72 Configuring the Inputs and Outputs SENSe MIXer HARMonic LOW lt HarmOrder gt This command specifies the harmonic order to be used for the low first range Parameters lt HarmOrder gt numeric value Range 2 to 61 USER band for other bands see band definition RST 2 for band F Example MIX HARM 3 Manual operation See Harmonic Order on page 72 SENSe MIXer LOPower Level This command specifies the LO level of the external mixer s LO port Parameters Level numeric value Range 13 0 dBm to 17 0 dBm Increment 0 1 dB RST 15 5 dBm Example MIX LOP 16 0dBm Manual operation See LO Level on page 74 SENSe MIXer SIGNal State This command specifies whether automatic signal detection is active or not Note
136. eee nene 134 UIST TSTMS OD es oce reat ette datae ren tee reme d ceo eue bre e e e d 135 e ET ITT aside 135 IN Pur GAINS DATO EE 135 ISENGe IDANDwOTRE Solution 136 SENSE CORRaction S TA Te 2 reo cat ii cout u trac ERR ro eara teer apes bear ev vr Lee aperi eels 136 ISENSe SWEBDIQOUNE esce e idoneo tab uem inner Rene EE ac 136 SENSe SWEep TIME critt ttt tette tnt tta tta te hn ta atte da ta adn 137 SYS Tem eet Le ei ee DEE 137 SYSTenrCONFigure DUT ST IMe acetone a da eere dedi eod aded er Kaai 137 SENSe CONFigure CORRection This command configures the software to perform a calibration measurement If you initate a measurement with INITiate lt n gt IMMediate the software initates a calibration instead of the actual measurement Example CONF CORR Configures to run calibration INIT Initiates the calibration Usage Event Manual operation See 2nd Stage Correction on page 59 See Calibrate on page 68 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe RLEVel lt ReferenceLevel gt This command defines the reference level for all traces lt t gt is irrelevant Parameters lt ReferenceLevel gt Range see datasheet RST 30 dBm Default unit dBm Example DISP TRAC Y RLEV 60dBm Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Ref Level on page 60 DISPlay WINDow n TRACe t Y SCALe RLEVel AUTO State This command turns automatic determination of t
137. eet of the noise source for these values Available for resistor noise sources Remote command CALCulate UNCertainty ENR UNCertainty COLD on page 141 CALCulate UNCertainty ENR UNCertainty HOT on page 142 CALCulate UNCertainty ENR CALibration UNCertainty COLD on page 140 CALCulate UNCertainty ENR CALibration UNCertainty HOT on page 141 Configuring DUT Characteristics Input Z Outp t Match rro aa eterne aee arena ra EP Agata 64 Use Measurement Welte eessen geen ees E orn e rere ertet Len esee beer ei ttem EEN 64 Input Output Match Defines the match at the DUT input and output You can define the match either as the VSWR or as the return loss RL If you define the VSWR or the return loss the application automatically calculates the other If these values are not defined in the DUT datasheet determine these values for example with a network analyzer Remote command CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh DUT IN VSWR on page 142 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh DUT IN RL on page 142 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh DUT OUT VSWR on page 143 CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh DUT OUT RL on page 142 Use Measurement Values Turns automatic determination of the DUT characteristics used for the uncertainty cal culation on and off If on the application calculates the uncertainty with the DUT characteristics noise fig ure gain and frequency resulting from the noise figure measurement In case of this method the application calculates the
138. efault name extended by a sequential number is used for the new channel see INSTrument LIST on page 106 Example INST CRE IQ IQAnalyzer2 Adds an additional UO Analyzer channel named IQAnalyzer2 Controlling the Noise Figure Measurement Channel INSTrument CREate REPLace lt ChannelName1 gt lt ChannelType gt lt ChannelName2 gt This command replaces a measurement channel with another one Setting parameters ChannelName1 String containing the name of the measurement channel you want to replace lt ChannelType gt Channel type of the new channel For a list of available channel types see INSTrument LIST on page 106 lt ChannelName2 gt String containing the name of the new channel Note If the specified name for a new channel already exists the default name extended by a sequential number is used for the new channel see INSTrument LIST on page 106 Example INST CRE REPL IQAnalyzer2 IQ IQAnalyzer Replaces the channel named IQAnalyzer2 by a new measure ment channel of type IQ Analyzer named IQAnalyzer Usage Setting only INSTrument DELete lt ChannelName gt This command deletes a measurement channel If you delete the last measurement channel the default Spectrum channel is activa ted Parameters lt ChannelName gt String containing the name of the channel you want to delete A measurement channel must exist in order to be able delete it Example INST DEL IQ
139. ement For more information see chapter 4 6 Calibration 2nd Stage Correction on page 33 Remote command INITiate n IMMediate on page 148 when SENSe CONFigure CORRection is on Sweep Time Defines the sweep time For more information see Sweep Time on page 59 Meas Mode Auto Manual Selects the measurement mode for the hot and cold power measurements For more information about the measurement modes see chapter 4 2 Measurement Modes on page 26 In manual measurement mode the application opens a dialog box when you start a measurement For more information about its contents see Performing a manual mea surement on page 26 Remote command SENSe CONFigure CONTrol on page 150 SENSe CONFigure MEASurement on page 150 Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S FSW The application supports several input sources and outputs These are the same as in Spectrum mode For a comprehensive description of the supported input sources including the Digital Baseband In and Output refer to the documentation of the R amp S FSW 5 9 1 Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S FSW Radio Frequency RF Input The RF input is the default input of the R amp S FSW Input Coui DEER 69 uscite m 69 Fligli Pass filter 9 Ga erret to t ret dedii eer tuc teens 69 dE EE 69 Input Coupling The RF input of the R amp S FSW can be coupled by alternating cur
140. ermines the reference level before starting the actual mea surement While the measurement is running the Continuous Sweep softkey and the RUN CONT key are highlighted The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the highlighted softkey or key again The results are not deleted until a new measurement is started Note Sequencer Furthermore the RUN CONT key controls the Sequencer not indi vidual sweeps RUN CONT starts the Sequencer in continuous mode For details on the Sequencer see the R amp S FSW User Manual Remote command INITiate lt n gt CONTinuous on page 147 5 9 Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S FSW Single Sweep RUN SINGLE Initiates a single measurement The measurement is finished after all frequencies in the frequency list have been measured If necessary the application automatically determines the reference level before starting the actual measurement While the measurement is running the Single Sweep softkey and the RUN SINGLE key are highlighted The running measurement can be aborted by selecting the high lighted softkey or key again Note Sequencer Furthermore the RUN SINGLE key controls the Sequencer not individual sweeps RUN SINGLE starts the Sequencer in single mode If the Sequencer is off only the evaluation for the currently displayed measurement channel is updated Remote command INITiate lt n gt IMMediate on page 148 Calibrate Initiates a calibration measur
141. ernal generator Parameters Address TCP IP address between 0 0 0 0 and 0 255 255 255 RST 0 0 0 0 Example SYST COMM TCP RDEV GEN ADDR 130 094 122 195 Manual operation See GPIB Address TCP IP Address on page 81 SYSTem CONFigure GENerator CONTrol STATe State This command turns automatic control of an external generator on and off The command is available with option R amp S FSW B10 Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example SYST CONF GEN CONT STAT ON Turns on automatic generator control Manual operation See Automatic Control on page 82 7 15 Configuring the Display SYSTem CONFigure GENerator INITialise AUTO State This command turns automatic connection to the generator on and off If on the application automatically configures the generator before each measurement and turns on its RF output Note that you have to establish a connection to the genera tor before you can perform the measurement The command is available with option R amp S FSW B10 Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example SYST CONF GEN INIT AUTO ON Turns automatic generator configuration on Manual operation See Init Before Meas on page 82 SYSTem CONFigure GENerator INITialise IMMediate This command establishes a connection to the external generator When you send the command the application configures the generator once and turns on its RF output Note that you have to establish a
142. erted into a single trace by a comparison of maximum peak values of each sweep point The result of this comparison is displayed in trace 3 if Signal ID is active at the same time If Signal ID is not active the result can be displayed in any of the traces 1 to 3 Unwanted mixer products are suppressed in this calculated trace 5 9 2 3 Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S FSW Note that automatic signal identification is only available for measurements that per form frequency sweeps not in vector signal analysis or the UO Analyzer for instance Remote command SENSe MIXer SIGNal on page 161 Auto ID Threshold Defines the maximum permissible level difference between test sweep and reference Sweep to be corrected during automatic comparison Auto ID on page 74 function The input range is between 0 1 dB and 100 dB Values of about 10 dB i e default set ting generally yield satisfactory results Remote command SENSe MIXer THReshold on page 163 Bias Settings Define the bias current for each range which is required to set the mixer to its optimum operating point It corresponds to the short circuit current The bias current can range from 10 mA to 10 mA The actual bias current is lower because of the forward voltage of the mixer diode s The trace is adapted to the settings immediately so you can check the results To store the bias setting in the currently selected conversion loss table selec
143. es The values are entered as a set of frequency level pairs A maximum of 50 frequency level pairs may be entered Before this command can be performed the conversion loss table must be selected see SENSe CORRection CVL SELect on page 157 This command is only available with option B21 External Mixer installed Configuring the Inputs and Outputs Parameters lt Freq gt numeric value The frequencies have to be sent in ascending order lt Level gt Example CORR CVL SEL LOSS TAB 4 Selects the conversion loss table CORR CVL DATA 1MHZ 30DB 2MHZ 40DB Manual operation See Position Value on page 79 SENSe CORRection CVL HARMonic lt HarmOrder gt This command defines the harmonic order for which the conversion loss table is to be used This setting is checked against the current mixer setting before the table can be assigned to the range Before this command can be performed the conversion loss table must be selected see SENSe CORRection CVL SELect on page 157 This command is only available with option B21 External Mixer installed Parameters lt HarmOrder gt numeric value Range 2 to 65 Example CORR CVL SEL LOSS TAB 4 Selects the conversion loss table CORR CVL HARM 3 Manual operation See Harmonic Order on page 78 SENSe CORRection CVL MlXer lt Type gt This command defines the mixer name in the conversion loss table This setting is checked against the cu
144. es on page 64 CALCulate UNCertainty DATA GAIN Gain This command defines the gain of the DUT This command is available if you have turned automatic determination of the DUT characteristics off with CALCulate UNCertainty DATA RESults Parameters Gain Gain of the DUT RST 0 dB Example CALC UNC DATA GAIN 5DB Defines a DUT gain of 5 dB Manual operation See Use Measurement Values on page 64 CALCulate UNCertainty DATA NOISe lt NoiseLevel gt This command defines the noise level of the DUT This command is available if you have turned automatic determination of the DUT characteristics off with CALCulate UNCertainty DATA RESults Parameters lt NoiseLevel gt Noise level of the DUT RST 0 dB Example CALC UNC DATA NOIS 10DB Defines a DUT noise level of 10 dB Manual operation See Use Measurement Values on page 64 CALCulate UNCertainty DATA RESults lt State gt This command turns automatic determination of the DUT characteristics for the calcu lation of the uncertainty on and off Parameters State Example Manual operation Using the Uncertainty Calculator ON The application calculates the uncertainty with the DUT charac teristics noise figure gain and frequency resulting from the noise figure measurement OFF The application calculates the uncertainty with the DUT charac teristics noise figure gain and frequency based on the values you have defined manually C
145. etes the currently selected measurement point Import Export Opens a dialog box to select an ENR table to import or export An import copies the ENR table into the default ENR table directory An export copies the table to a location outside the default ENR table directory e g a memory stick The file extension has to be freq 5 3 Selecting DUT Characteristics The DUT button opens a dialog box to configure the characteristics of the DUT you are testing The dialog box contains a schematic overview of the DUT input and output characteristics and the way it is integrated into the test setup Selecting DUT Characteristics DUT Settings Mode Fixed LO Up Conv Mixe LO fixed 0 0 Hz e a Gaia 999 99 dB DC IF LO Fixed laco 48 Image Rejection cc eee ecce cede acoge uoo Ye EE aec ugue 49 Mode Selects the measurement mode The measurement mode you should use depends on the type of DUT you are testing For more information see chapter 4 3 DUT Types on page 28 Note For upconverting measurements if a preamplifier is used make sure the upcon verted frequencies for the measurement stay below the maximum frequency the pre amplifier supports Remote command SENSe CONFigure MODE DUT on page 122 LO Fixed Defines a fixed LO frequency for measurements on frequency converting DUTs with a fixed LO After you have defined the LO frequency the applicat
146. f the noise source The noise source characteristics should be supplied by its manufacturer e Selecting the Type of Noise SOLECQ ed eot o eene ttt ob erede uie 49 e Defining the Noise Source Characteristics eese 50 e Using an ENR or Temperature Table 52 Selecting the Type of Noise Source The application allows you to use different kinds of noise sources depending on the type of measurement you would like to perform Diode Selects a noise source with diode characteristics The frequency characteristics of the noise source are defined by the Excess Noise ratio ENR e Resistor Selects a test setup that uses two resistors which act as a noise source One of the resistors has a low noise or ambient temperature a cold resistor the other has a high noise or ambient temperature a hot resistor The noise characteristics of the resistor are defined by its noise temperatures Thot and Teol Thot is temperature of the resistor when it is turned on Tag is the temperature of the resistor when it is turned off You can select the type of noise source and its characteristics independently for the Calibration and the Measurement When you select the resistor noise source the 5 4 2 Configuring the Noise Source application automatically starts the manual measurement mode and communicates that fact with a message at the bottom of the dialog box Remote command Measurement SENSe CORRection ENR
147. frequency correction characteristics for the generator The commands are available with option R amp S FSW B10 Frequency correction is calculated according to the following equation Numerator Denominator eegen Ip Offset lt 1 gt Offset lt 2 gt with censa generator frequency ho frequency of the analyzer s LO Luteetet Offset frequency of the analyzer fottsetca gt Offset frequency of other components Suffix offset 112 offset frequencies as described above Parameters lt Denominator gt Correction factor without a unit RST 1 lt Numerator gt Correction factor without a unit RST 1 lt Offset gt Frequency offset RST 0 Default unit Hz Configuring the Inputs and Outputs Example SOUR EXT FREQ FACT NOM 2 SOUR EXT FREQ FACT DEN 2 5 Defines a frequency correction factor of 2 2 5 SOUR EXT FREQ OFFS2 100HZ Defines 100 Hz as the second frequency offset Manual operation See Frequency Coupling on page 83 SOURce EXTernal POWer LEVel lt Level gt This command sets the output power of the selected generator Parameters lt Level gt lt numeric value gt RST 20 dBm Example SOUR EXT POW 30dBm Sets the generator level to 30 dBm Manual operation See Source Power on page 83 SOURce EXTernal ROSCillator SOURce Source This command controls selection of the reference oscillator for the external generator If the extern
148. function ality to create and edit ENR or temperature tables ENR or temperature tables contain the noise source characteristics for particular fre quencies If the table does not contain ENR or temperature values for one of the mea surement frequencies the application will interpolate between the values Configuring the Noise Source The Table Settings tab contains a list of ENR and temperature tables currently availa ble on the R amp S FSW and shows the table currently in use if the ENR TEMP Settings are enabled In addition the tab contains functionality to create new tables and modify existing ones ee ee 53 NON E 53 0 M e X 53 reso E 54 Del le EE 54 rte ie co dors ide Ez TTT 54 Edit iz loi C 54 Noise Source Selects the type of noise source you are using for the measurement The noise source type affects the data type that the table contains In case of a Noise Diode the table contains the ENR values of the noise source you are using In case of a Resistor the table contains the noise temperatures of the resistors Thot and Tig For more information on the noise source types see chapter 5 4 1 Selecting the Type of Noise Source on page 49 Remote command SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TYPE on page 128 New Opens the Edit Table dialog box to create a new table The contents of th
149. g 2 ecc eere eee i ee ee cen d e a es 188 716 5 Positioning Delta Markers eei aac cruce e aac e 190 7 419 Using the Status Register creer hacienda setts cevciacestecessseeeees 192 7 19 1 Status Registers for Noise Figure Measurements eeeeseeesssrresreserresrrrrrersrrreeree 192 7 20 Deprecated Remote Commands for Noise Figure Measurements 198 List of Remote Commands Noise Figure 199 j duc ee ee ene ee ee 204 R amp S FSW K30 Preface 1 Preface 1 1 About this Manual This User Manual provides all the information specific to the application All general instrument functions and settings common to all applications and operating modes are described in the main R amp S FSW User Manual The main focus in this manual is on the measurement results and the tasks required to obtain them The following topics are included Welcome to the Noise Figure Application Introduction to and getting familiar with the application Typical applications Example measurement scenarios in which the application is frequently used Measurements and Result Displays Details on supported measurements and their result types Noise Figure Measurement Basics Background information on basic terms and principles in the context of the mea surement Noise Figure Measurement Configuration Analysis A concise description of
150. g as read only fields in the user interface e Input match VSWR and return loss Gain uncertainty Noise figure uncertainty Noise figure of the analyzer However if you are using an external preamplifier in the test setup you have to specify its characteristics in order to get a valid uncertainty result If you specify an external preamplifier the application automatically calculates and updates the analyzer charac teristics based on the characteristics of the preamplifier SCPI command CALCulate UNCertainty PREamp STATe on page 145 Refer to the datasheet of the preamplifier you are using for the values you have to enter If you are using a preamplifier you have to define the following characteristics Preamplifier noise figure PA NF Defines the noise figure of the preamplifier SCPI command CALCulate UNCertainty PREamp NOISe on page 145 Using the Uncertainty Calculator Preamplifier Gain PA Gain Defines the gain of the preamplifier SCPI command CALCulate UNCertainty PREamp GAIN on page 144 Net spectrum analyzer noise figure Shows the noise figure of the analyzer If you are using an external preamplifier the application calculates the noise figure of the analyzer including the noise figure of the preamplfier and shows the result here If you do not use an external preamplifier this value is the same as the noise figure of the analyzer shown in the SA NF field SCPI commands CALCulate UNCerta
151. generator manually The application assumes that the generator is configured correctly for the measurement The remote connection to the generator is automatically terminated Note that you have to turn automatic control on if you want to perform Fixed IF mea surements in order to keep the LO frequency tuned to the current measurement RF frequency Manual control is recommended only for measurements whose generator settings remain the same during the measurement Remote command SYSTem CONFigure GENerator CONTrol STATe on page 166 Init Before Meas Turns automatic transmission of the external generator configuration on and off If on the application transmits a sequence of remote commands that configures the generator and turns on its RF output before each measurement Configuring the gener ator this way allows you to make sure that the generator runs with the configuration you need and is in a state to receive remote control commands during a measurement Using automatic initialization of the generator results in a slightly longer measurement time because of the time required to transmit the commands and configure the genera tor Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S FSW If off you have to initialize the generator manually with Init External Generator Note that you have to establish the connection in order to be able to perform a mea surement with the external generator Remote command SYSTem CONFigure GENerator INIT
152. guration dialog box Start 100 0 MHz 10 pts 90 0 MHz RF Stop 1 0 GHz Remote command LAY ADD WIND 2 RIGH GAIN See LAYout ADD WINDow on page 109 Results TRACest gt DATA GAIN Noise Temperature Shows the noise temperature characteristics of the DUT User Manual 1173 9270 02 13 17 R amp S FSW K30 Measurements and Result Displays WEE Noise Temperature It B k with P Power B Bandwidth k Boltzmann constant The vertical axis shows the noise temperature in Kelvin The scale depends on the set tings in the Display Configuration dialog box 1 Noise Temperature Start 100 0 MHz 10 pts 90 0 MHz RF Stop 1 0 GHz Remote command LAY ADD WIND 2 RIGH TEMP see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 109 Results TRACe lt t gt DATA TEMPerature Y Factor Shows the ratio of the hot and the cold power of the DUT The Y factor indicates the quality of measurement tolerances and uncertainties To get the result the application measures the DUT power with the noise source turned on hot power and the noise source turned off cold power Y Factor Non off with AN Noise power dB with noise source on N p Noise power dB with noise source off The vertical axis shows the linear relation The scale depends on the settings in the Display Configuration dialog box IESSEN User
153. h aaa 87 Configuration 88 Mode 96 Preset 88 Selection ier teer ete a t edens 88 TRACE export nnt eerte 88 Traces COPYING itech 88 Copying remote Control esses 173 Mode remote n e cte te ts 170 Traces to be Checked B Ta p 96 TTL handshake see TTL synchronizatiori tren 81 TTL synchronization External generator terree iter e 81 TUNNO iode ee ede uds s 24 43 U User manials rettet t te rect 8 V View filter Dimieliies ttes ere ri ede e o e erae 96 Visible ESI ee 96 Ww Window title bar information eeeeeesees 13 Windows Adding remote ic iot toti tecta Closing remote A CONTIQUITIING o Layout remote s Maximizing remote Querying remote Replacing remote Splitting remote s Types remote ite rettet uio Y Y axis Limit lies irre rrt nce 98 YIG preselector Activating Deactivating eniin apa Activating Deactivating remote
154. hargactglists taire ette eren orte edente recen 121 Configuring the Noise SOUFCO iiic ceci neentere sedet tosta eut tapa abr do Ra aa 122 eu elle gel 130 Configuring ft 133 Using the Uncertainty Galeuletot ie b Ret RERUMS 138 Performing Measurements ict coded bes ene nte aetna eed 146 Configuring the Inputs and Outputs 2 2 ecce ce tracce reris 151 Connguning the DISplay EE 167 Working with Ne E 170 Working Wih Erit Ei EE 173 Hei diea dui icr oac n 182 Using the Status Register coit ro D ne EE 192 Deprecated Remote Commands for Noise Figure Measurements 198 T 1 Overview of Remote Command Suffixes The remote commands for the Noise Figure Measurement application support the fol lowing suffixes R amp S FSW K30 Remote Control Commands for Noise Measurements 7 2 Suffix Value range Description lt k gt 1 8 Selects a limit line m 1 4 Selects a marker or delta marker lt n gt 1 16 Selects a measurement window lt t gt 1 4 Selects a trace Introduction Commands are program messages that a controller e g a PC sends to the instru ment or software They operate its functions setting commands or events and request information query commands Some commands can only be used in one way others work in two ways setting and query If not indicated otherwise the com mands can be used for settings and queries The syntax of a SCPI command consis
155. he reference level on and off Parameters State ON OFF Example DISP TRAC Y RLEV AUTO ON Turns on automatic level detection Configuring the Analyzer Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Ref Level on page 60 INPut ATTenuation lt Attenuation gt This command defines the total attenuation for RF input If you set the attenuation manually it is no longer coupled to the reference level but the reference level is coupled to the attenuation Thus if the current reference level is not compatible with an attenuation that has been set manually the command also adjusts the reference level Parameters lt Attenuation gt Range see data sheet Increment 5 dB RST 10 dB AUTO is set to ON Example INP ATT 30dB Defines a 30 dB attenuation and decouples the attenuation from the reference level Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See RF Attenuation on page 61 INPut GAIN VALue lt Gain gt This command selects the gain level if the preamplifier is activated INP GAIN STAT ON see INPut GAIN STATe on page 135 The command requires the additional preamplifier hardware option Parameters lt Gain gt 15 dB 30 dB The availability of gain levels depends on the model of the R amp S FSW R amp S FSW8 13 15dB and 30 dB R amp S FSW26 or higher 30 dB All other values are rounded to the nearest of these two RST OFF Example INP GAIN VAL 30 Switches on 30 dB preamplification U
156. he splitter ES User Manual 1173 9270 02 13 112 Working with Windows in the Display Position New vertical or horizontal position of the splitter as a fraction of the screen area without channel and status bar and softkey menu The point of origin x 0 y 0 is in the lower left corner of the screen The end point x 100 y 100 is in the upper right cor ner of the screen See figure 7 1 The direction in which the splitter is moved depends on the Screen layout If the windows are positioned horizontally the splitter also moves horizontally If the windows are positioned vertically the splitter also moves vertically Range 0 to 100 Example LAY SPL 1 3 50 Moves the splitter between window 1 Frequency Sweep and 3 Marker Table to the center 5096 of the screen i e in the fig ure above to the left Example LAY SPL 1 4 70 Moves the splitter between window 1 Frequency Sweep and 3 Marker Peak List towards the top 70 of the screen The following commands have the exact same effect as any combination of windows above and below the splitter moves the splitter vertically AY SPL 3 2 70 AY SPL 4 1 70 AY SPL 2 1 70 LAYout WINDow lt n gt ADD lt Direction gt lt WindowType gt This command adds a measurement window to the display Note that with this com mand the suffix lt n gt determines the existing window next to which the new window is added as opposed to L
157. ialise AUTO on page 167 Auto Switch Off Turns automatic deactivation of the generator s RF output on and off If on the application transmits a sequence of remote commands to turn off the RF out put of the generator when a measurement is over A measurement is over after a sin gle sweep or if the measurement is aborted The sequence of commands also ends the remote control session If off you have to turn the RF output and remote control session off manually Note that exiting the Noise Figure Measurement application always turns off the gener ator s RF output and terminates the remote session Remote command SYSTem CONFigure GENerator SWITch AUTO on page 167 Source Power Defines the output power of the external generator The range depends on the generator you are using and is defined in its data sheet Remote command SOURce EXTernal POWer LEVel on page 165 Frequency Coupling Defines frequency correction characteristics The generator frequency is calculated as follows Numerator Denominator Fisenerator Offset 1 gt 4 Offset 2 with fceneraio generator frequency bo frequency of the analyzer s LO fofsetci gt Offset frequency of the analyzer fottsetca gt Offset frequency of other components You can use the factors and offsets to compensate one or more components in the test setup that may change the frequency between the generator and the DUT Make sure however that the re
158. image rejection is unknown fe fre flo fimage 4 6 Calibration 2nd Stage Correction In case of mixers whose image rejection is known define the magnitude of image rejection in dB as accurate as possible Else measurement results noise figure and gain will deviate between 0 dB to 3 dB For accurate measurements on mixers whose image rejection characteristics are unkown a custom test setup including an additional filter is required You also have to know the gain characteristics of the DUT 1 Noise Source Noise IF Control Source 0V 28 V Noise Source e Control 0V 28 V 1 Test setup for calibration 2 Test setup for noise measurement In the test setup shown above a lowpass filter prevents unwanted noise from being fed in at the image frequency Depending on the position of the frequency bands a highpass or bandpass filter may also be necessary for the RF frequency instead of the lowpass filter The important point is that unwanted noise is not converted by a further receive path of the mixer The unwanted noise at the receive frequency must not be reduced The insertion loss must be considered if applicable With this test setup the measurement on a mixer without sideband suppression is the same as SSB measurements To take the characteristics of the filter into account include the insertion loss of the fil ter at the RF To consider the actual filter suppression at the image frequency include the
159. imumNENT 189 CALCulate n MARKer m MINimum LEFT llsseeessseesee essen nennen nnne an senten 189 CALOCulate n MARKer m MlNimum PEAK cecinere nennen 190 CAL Culate nz M Abker mmz MiNimum RI 190 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum LEFT This command moves a marker to the next lower peak Working with Markers The search includes only measurement values to the left of the current marker posi tion Usage Event Manual operation See Search Next Peak on page 93 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum NEXT This command moves a marker to the next lower peak Usage Event Manual operation See Search Next Peak on page 93 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum PEAK This command moves a marker to the highest level If the marker is not yet active the command first activates the marker Usage Event Manual operation See Peak Search on page 93 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum RIGHt This command moves a marker to the next lower peak The search includes only measurement values to the right of the current marker posi tion Usage Event Manual operation See Search Next Peak on page 93 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum NEXT This command moves a marker to the next minimum value Usage Event Manual operation See Search Next Minimum on page 94 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum LEFT This command moves a marker to the ne
160. inty SANalyzer GAIN UNCertainty on page 145 CALCulate UNCertainty SANalyzer NOISe UNCertainty on page 146 5 7 4 Guidelines and Results The lower part of the dialog box contains measurement guidelines that provide infor mation on the quality of measurement and the actual noise figure uncertainty Guidelines The guidelines are an indicator of the quality of the measurement and an indicator the repeatability of the measurement The three guidelines are Make sure that the noise figure of the DUT and the gain of the DUT is greater than the noise figure of the analyzer plus 1 dB e Make sure that the ENR of the noise source is greater than the noise figure of the DUT plus 5 dB Make sure that the ENR of the noise source is greater than the noise figure of the analyzer plus 3 dB A short form of these guidelines is indicated in the Uncertainty Calculation dialog box The dialog box also indicates if the guidelines have been met or not by a colored dot Green light El guideline condition met Yellow light El guideline condition not met but within 1 dB of being met Red light El guideline condition not met Note that the guidelines have no effect on the actual uncertainty that has been calcula ted and that they are only considered for measurements with 2nd Stage Correction Performing Measurements Uncertainty The Uncertainty result is shown only if you define the noise figure and gain character istics of
161. ion updates the frequency list accordingly The LO setting is also available via the FREQ key Remote command SENSe CONFigure MODE SYSTem LO FREQuency on page 121 IF Fixed Defines a fixed intermediary frequency IF for measurements on frequency converting DUTSs with a fixed IF After you have defined the intermediary frequency the application updates the fre quency list accordingly 5 4 5 4 1 Configuring the Noise Source The IF setting is also available via the FREQ key Remote command SENSe CONFigure MODE SYSTem IF FREQuency on page 121 Image Rejection Turns image rejection of the DUT on and off If you set an image rejection of 0 dB the image frequency passes completely If you set a high image rejection up to 999 99 dB the image frequency is suppressed com pletely For DUTs that have a partial image rejection define the amount of suppres sion For more information see chapter 4 5 Image Frequency Rejection on page 31 Remote command SENSe CORRection IREJection on page 122 Configuring the Noise Source The Noise Source button or the ENR Settings softkey open a dialog to configure the characteristics of the noise source It is necessary to specify characteristics of the noise source you are using as close as possible in order to get accurate measurement results The noise source characteris tics are used to calculate the effective noise temperature o
162. is Remote command Automatic scaling DISPlay WINDowcn TRACe Y SCALe AUTO on page 169 Manual minimum value DISPlay WINDowcn TRACe t Y SCALe BOTTom on page 168 Manual maximum value DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe TOP on page 169 Symbols Turns symbols that represent a measurement point on the trace on and off Remote command DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe SYMBols on page 168 Uncertainty Currently undocumented feature X Axis Selects the frequency data that is displayed on the x axis For measurements on frequency converting DUTs with a variable intermediary fre quency you can display either the RF frequency or the IF frequency Note that a change of the x axis scale applies to all result displays The Frequency Axis scale is also available via the FREQ key Remote command DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe X SCALe on page 168 Working with Traces 6 1 2 Configuring Numerical Results When configuring numerical results the dialog box selects the type of results you want to display in the result table The results in the table are based on a particular trace that you can select in the corresponding input field You can add an aspect of the measurement by placing a checkmark in front of the cor responding result on and remove it by removing the checkmark For more information on each result see chapter 3 Measurements and Result Dis plays on page 15 LEDIG No
163. ise PCold Uncertainty Y Factor Temperature Cal PHot Cal PCold Cal Y Factor 6 2 Working with Traces A trace is the graphical representation of a set of measurement results in a diagram Each measurement window that contains graphical results supports up to four individ ual traces Each trace has a different color Trace settings determine how the mea sured data is analyzed and displayed on the screen The trace information including a color map and trace mode is summarized in the diagram header The trace settings are combined in the Trace Configuration dialog box You can access this dialog box with the Trace Config softkey or directly access one of the tabs via one of the softkeys in the Trace menu Working with Traces Jil we ME 88 CODV e 88 leet ENEE EIER 88 Ree pio 88 Bir 88 Traces The Trace 1 to 4 softkeys open the Traces tab of the Trace Configuration dialog box The Traces tab contains functionality to configure a trace Trace Selec The Trace 1 to Trace 4 buttons select a trace If a trace is tion selected it is highlighted orange Note that you cannot select a trace if its trace mode is Blank Trace Mode Selects the trace mode for the corresponding trace For more information see chapter 4 Measurement Basics on page 24 Remote command Trace mode DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt MOD
164. istance between start and stop frequency the fre quency table consists of the start and stop frequencies only 4 1 2 Frequency Table Measurements The frequency table tuning mode also performs measurements on a set of frequen cies based on the contents of a frequency list Each measurement analyzes the noise characteristics of the corresponding frequency Compared to a swept measurement you can customize the contents of the frequency list Thus you can add frequencies that are independent of the frequency stepsize and the number of measurement points 4 1 3 Single Frequency Measurements The single frequency tuning mode performs one or several consecutive measure ments on a single frequency You can perform the measurement on any frequency that is supported by the hardware you are using Single frequency measurements are a way to facilitate manual adjustments for noise figure measurements They also allow you to get an idea about how the noise figure at a particular frequency change over time Note that sweep lists or frequency tables are not considered in this measurement mode User Manual 1173 9270 02 13 25 4 2 Measurement Modes Single frequency measurement results For single frequency measurements the same set of graphical result displays is availa ble as for frequency list measurements Noise Figure Gain etc Note however that the x axis has no unit but shows a series of results taken for a single frequenc
165. itional high pass filter hardware option Note for RF input signals outside the specified range the high pass filter has no effect For signals with a frequency of approximately 4 GHz upwards the harmonics are suppressed sufficiently by the YIG filter Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example INP FILT HPAS ON Turns on the filter Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See High Pass Filter 1 3 GHz on page 69 7 14 2 Configuring the Inputs and Outputs INPut FILTer YIG STATe State This command turns the YIG preselector on and off Note the special conditions and restrictions for the YIG filter described in YIG Prese lector on page 69 Parameters State ON OFF 0 1 RST 1 0 for UO Analyzer GSM VSA Pulse Amplifier Transient Analysis DOCSIS and MC Group Delay measurements Example INP FILT YIG OFF Deactivates the YIG preselector Manual operation See YIG Preselector on page 69 External Mixer SENSe CORRBection CVLE BAND rioeniei pato tup ie ra nnt FER Den ebbe Venns ERR mac D Bde 154 SENSeTCORRecton e TEE 154 SENSe CORRection CVECATAlOG icai iiia credet eese eee eet tuae due da az vogue d ais 155 E Ee Bee 155 Ei Eed ege En 155 SENSe CORRection CVE DATA icr uita es ucua Saa vada e e Da ue EEN 155 SENSeJCORRectiOn GC VISHARMOIN Gs csl terae epe o nex EEE He ce ep cpu qo o denen ataca ues 156 SENSe jCORRecti n C VEMIX6GF E 156 SENSeJTCOR
166. ker defines the value of the marker relative to the speci fied reference marker marker 1 by default Remote command CALCulate n MARKer m STATe on page 182 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt STATe on page 185 Marker to Trace Opens an input field to assign the marker to a particular trace if you are using more than one trace AII Markers Off Deactivates all markers in one step Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt AOFF on page 182 Marker Config Opens the Marker Configuration dialog box The Marker Configuration dialog box contains all marker functions necessary to set up the four markers supported by the application e Selected Highlights the currently selected marker e State Turns a marker on and off e X value Defines the marker position on the horizontal axis Type Selects the marker type For more information see Marker Type on page 91 Trace Selects the trace the marker is positioned on Marker Table Display Defines how the marker information is displayed On Displays the marker information in a table in a separate area beneath the diagram Using Markers Off Displays the marker information within the diagram area Remote command DISPlay MTAB1e on page 188 Marker Info Turns the marker information displayed in the diagram on and off Remote command DISPlay MINFo STAT on page 187 6 3 2 Marker Positioning If you are using more thn one measurement wind
167. l as information required for communication You can use a setup file of the signal gen erators already supported as a template After you copy it to the R amp S FSW the new generator model is added to the dropdown menu The existing setup files can be displayed in an editor in read only mode directly from the Interface Configuration dialog box Make sure to adhere to the required syntax and commands and only change the val ues of the parameters Errors are only detected and displayed when you try to use the custom generator Error and status messages The following status and error messages may occur during external generator control Message Description Ext Generator GPIB Handshake Error Connection to the generator is not possible e g due to a Ext Generator TCPIP Handshake Error cable damage or loose connection or wrong address Ext Generator TTL Handshake Error Ext Generator Limits Exceeded The allowed frequency or power ranges for the generator were exceeded Reverse Sweep via min Ext Generator Fre Reverse sweep is performed frequencies are reduced to quency the minimum frequency then increased again Ext Generator File Syntax Error Syntax error in the generator setup file Ext Generator Command Error Missing or wrong command in the generator setup file Ext Generator Visa Error Error with Visa driver provided with installation very unlikely User Manu
168. l Mixer gt Basic Settings The basic settings concern general use of an external mixer They are only available if the External Mixer State is On Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S FSW Frequency Basic Settings Mixer Settings Conversion Loss Table External Mixer Bias Settings Range 1 Signal ID Bias Settings Range 2 Auto ID Bias Value TOs Mes 10 0 dB Bias S le T E TS 75 L write to lt CVL table name ettet tenta 75 LO Level Defines the LO level of the external mixer s LO port Possible values are from 13 0 dBm to 17 0 dBm in 0 1 dB steps Default value is 15 5 dB Remote command SENSe MIXer LOPower on page 161 Signal ID Activates or deactivates visual signal identification Two sweeps are performed alter nately Trace 1 shows the trace measured on the upper side band USB of the LO the test sweep trace 2 shows the trace measured on the lower side band LSB i e the reference sweep Note that automatic signal identification is only available for measurements that per form frequency sweeps not in the VSA the I Q Analyzer or the Real Time application for instance Mathematical functions with traces and trace copy cannot be used with the Signal ID function Remote command SENSe MIXer SIGNal on page 161 Auto ID Activates or deactivates automatic signal identification Auto ID basically functions like Signal ID However the test and reference sweeps are conv
169. l with the defined channel type or selects an existing measurement channel with the specified name Also see INSTrument CREate NEW on page 105 Parameters lt ChannelType gt Channel type of the new channel For a list of available channel types see INSTrument LIST on page 106 lt ChannelName gt String containing the name of the channel Example INST IQ Activates a measurement channel for the I Q Analyzer applica tion evaluation mode INST MyIQSpectrum Selects the measurement channel named MylQSpectrum for example before executing further commands for that channel Usage SCPI confirmed SYSTem PRESet CHANnel EXECute This command restores the default instrument settings in the current channel Use INST SEL to select the channel Example INST Spectrum2 Selects the channel for Spectrum2 SYST PRES CHAN EXEC Restores the factory default settings to the Spectrum2 channel Usage Event Manual operation See Preset Channel on page 41 Working with Windows in the Display 7 4 Working with Windows in the Display The following commands are required to change the evaluation type and rearrange the screen layout for a measurement channel as you do using the SmartGrid in manual operation Since the available evaluation types depend on the selected application some parameters for the following commands also depend on the selected measure ment channel LAY OU ADD WINDOW 22 etit R
170. leName gt String containing the path and name of the file Example CORR CVL SEL LOSS TAB 4 Manual operation See New Table on page 76 See Edit Table on page 76 See File Name on page 78 SENSe CORRection CVL SNUMber lt SerialNo gt This command defines the serial number of the mixer for which the conversion loss table is to be used This setting is checked against the current mixer setting before the table can be assigned to the range Before this command can be performed the conversion loss table must be selected see SENSe CORRection CVL SELect on page 157 This command is only available with option B21 External Mixer installed Parameters lt SerialNo gt Serial number with a maximum of 16 characters Example CORR CVL SEL LOSS TAB 4 Selects the conversion loss table CORR CVL MIX 123 4567 Manual operation See Mixer S N on page 79 Configuring the Inputs and Outputs SENSe MIXer BIAS HIGH lt BiasSetting gt This command defines the bias current for the high second range This command is only available if the external mixer is active see SENSe MIXer STATe on page 163 Parameters lt BiasSetting gt RST 0 0A Default unit A Manual operation See Bias Settings on page 75 SENSe MIXer BIAS LOW lt BiasSetting gt This command defines the bias current for the low first range This command is only available if the external mixer is active see SENSe MIXer
171. limit checks The number of LIMit registers depends on the number of measurement windows avail able in any application Bit no Meaning 0 LIMit 1 FAIL This bit is set if limit line 1 is violated 1 LIMit 2 FAIL This bit is set if limit line 2 is violated 2 LIMit 3 FAIL This bit is set if limit line 3 is violated 3 LIMit 4 FAIL This bit is set if limit line 4 is violated 4 LIMit 5 FAIL This bit is set if limit line 5 is violated 5 LIMit 6 FAIL This bit is set if limit line 6 is violated 6 LIMit 7 FAIL This bit is set if limit line 7 is violated T LIMit 8 FAIL This bit is set if limit line 8 is violated 8to 14 Unavailable for noise figure measurements 15 This bit is always 0 7 19 1 4 STATus QUEStionable CORRection Register The STATus QUEStionable CORRection register contains information about the calibration status of noise figure measurements Bit no Meaning 0 NO CORRection This bit is set if calibration is required 1to2 Unavailable for noise figure measurements 3 Missing Loss or ENR values This bit is set if loss or ENR values are missing for one or more measurement fre quencies Using the Status Register Bit no Meaning 4to 14 Unavailable for noise figure measurements 15 This bit is always 0 7 19 1 5 Status Register Remote Commands STATUS OP E KE 196 STA NEE ee ET E 196 STATus QUEStionable CORRe
172. loss table Parameters lt TableName gt String containing the table name Example CORR LOSS INP TABL SEL InputLoss Selects a table called InputLoss Manual operation See Input Loss on page 56 SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut MODE Mode This command selects the output loss mode Parameters Mode SPOT Uses a constant output loss value for all measurement points see SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut SPOT on page 132 TABLe Uses the contents of the output loss table RST SPOT Example CORR LOSS OUTP MODE SPOT Selects constant output loss Manual operation See Output Loss on page 56 SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut SPOT lt Loss gt This command defines a constant output loss for all measurement points Parameters lt Loss gt Range 999 99 to 999 99 RST 0 dB Default unit dB Example CORR LOSS OUTP MODE SPOT CORR LOSS OUTP SPOT 10 Selects constant output loss mode and defines an output loss of 10 dB for all measurement points Manual operation See Output Loss on page 56 SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut TABLe Frequency Loss This command defines the contents of the currently selected output loss table The table should contain an output loss for all measurement points 7 11 Configuring the Analyzer If you create a new table with this command it will overwrite the current entries of the frequency list Parameters lt Frequency gt lt ENR gt Each entry
173. lt CVL table name gt on page 75 See Bias on page 78 Configuring the Inputs and Outputs SENSe CORRection CVL CATAlog This command queries all available conversion loss tables saved in the C r_s instr user cv1 directory on the instrument This command is only available with option B21 External Mixer installed Usage Query only SENSe CORRection CVL CLEAr This command deletes the selected conversion loss table Before this command can be performed the conversion loss table must be selected see SENSe CORRection CVL SELect on page 157 This command is only available with option B21 External Mixer installed Example CORR CVL SEL LOSS TAB 4 Selects the conversion loss table CORR CVL CLE Usage Event Manual operation See Delete Table on page 76 SENSe CORRection CVL COMMent Text This command defines a comment for the conversion loss table Before this command can be performed the conversion loss table must be selected see SENSe CORRection CVL SELect on page 157 This command is only available with option B21 External Mixer installed Parameters Text Example CORR CVL SEL LOSS TAB 4 Selects the conversion loss table CORR CVL COMM Conversion loss table for FS Zen Manual operation See Comment on page 78 SENSe CORRection CVL DATA lt Freq gt lt Level gt This command defines the reference values of the selected conversion loss tabl
174. ltiple Measurement channels AA 12 N Name Bug HEN 97 Next Minimum e Marker positlOnilg ccc tei crea eene ein Next Peak ege mettent ose ette tice ce ege Marker positioning NolSe SOUFCO eer eet Sete aine SEHR sod Noise source characteristics eeseessssss 49 Noise Source Control acris th ete e eom rote 11 O Options IHighepass TNE iiec i pe hme 69 152 OUTPUT OSS Kk 55 Overview elle ULT A0 P Peak search c shiteases 93 Peaks Marker positionihig inre nro eren tenet 93 NEXU aceti 5se93 Softkey s 93 xe e M 47 Ports External Mixer Remote control 163 Position Big liie Valles siarce oe State Maas vines 98 Preamlplificstior 5 ir t rrr rre 61 Preset Bands External Mixer remote control 159 External Mixer deci itte eere 72 Presetting Sig IT C 41 R CEET 59 see Resolution Bandwidth siiin 36 Reference frequency External generaltor ncn rere rr eere 81 Reference Bvel der ete tte 60 Remote commands Basics ori Syntax encontre P nen 100 Boolean values Capitalization Character data hs Data DIOCKS neben te cento ene N tneric values dette 103 Optional keywords sx 102 Parameters x 102 Strings 104 SUFIXES iens 101 Resolutionbandwidth 22 i rere es 59 MPAG em 36 Restoring
175. manual contains a description of the functionality that the application pro vides including remote control operation Functions that are not discussed in this manual are the same as in the Spectrum appli cation and are described in the R amp S FSW User Manual The latest versions of the manuals are available for download at the product homepage http www2 rohde schwarz com product FSW html Installation Find detailed installing instructions in the Getting Started or the release notes of the R amp S FSW Noise Source Control The Noise Source Control connector on the R amp S FSW is a prerequisite for the R amp S FSW Noise measurements application e SEAMING Bee ee DEEN 11 e Understanding the Display Information cmm 12 2 1 Starting the Application The noise figure measurement application adds a new type of measurement to the R amp S FSW To activate the Noise Figure application 1 Select the MODE key A dialog box opens that contains all operating modes and applications currently available on your R amp S FSW 2 Select the Noise item The R amp S FSW opens a new measurement channel for the noise figure measure ment application All settings specific to noise figure measurements are in their default state R amp S FSW K30 Welcome to the Noise Figure Measurement Application Multiple Measurement Channels and Sequencer Function When you enter an application a new measurement channel is crea
176. marker m MlNimum PEAK eee 191 CAL Culate nz DEL Tamarker mz MiNimum RICH 192 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MAXimum LEFT This command moves a delta marker to the next higher value The search includes only measurement values to the left of the current marker posi tion Usage Event Manual operation See Search Next Peak on page 93 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MAXimum NEXT This command moves a marker to the next higher value Usage Event Working with Markers Manual operation See Search Next Peak on page 93 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MAXimum PEAK This command moves a delta marker to the highest level If the marker is not yet active the command first activates the marker Usage Event Manual operation See Peak Search on page 93 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MAXimum RIGHt This command moves a delta marker to the next higher value The search includes only measurement values to the right of the current marker posi tion Usage Event Manual operation See Search Next Peak on page 93 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MINimum LEFT This command moves a delta marker to the next higher minimum value The search includes only measurement values to the right of the current marker posi tion Usage Event Manual operation See Search Next Minimum on page 94 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MINimum NEXT This command moves a
177. marker to the next higher minimum value Usage Event Manual operation See Search Next Minimum on page 94 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MINimum PEAK This command moves a delta marker to the minimum level If the marker is not yet active the command first activates the marker Usage Event Manual operation See Search Minimum on page 93 Using the Status Register CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MINimum RIGHt This command moves a delta marker to the next higher minimum value The search includes only measurement values to the right of the current marker posi tion Usage Event Manual operation See Search Next Minimum on page 94 7 19 Using the Status Register The status reporting system stores information about the current state of the R amp S FSW This includes for example information about errors during operation or information about limit checks The R amp S FSW stores this information in the status reg isters and in the error queue You can query the status register and error queue via IEC bus The R amp S FSW K30 features several status registers that are specific to noise figure measurements Here is a description of those including the corresponding remote commands e Status Registers for Noise Figure Measurements see 192 7 19 1 Status Registers for Noise Figure Measurements The figure below shows the status registers of the noise figure application U
178. ment modes or tuning modes e Swept Measurements nennen senten nnns senten nennen 25 e Frequency Table Measurements eecece enses td e kata ud 25 e Single Frequency Measurements AA 25 R amp S FSW K30 Measurement Basics Bee 4 1 4 Swept Measurements The sweep tuning mode performs measurements on a set of discrete frequencies based on the frequency parameters Each measurement analyzes the noise character istics of the corresponding frequency or measurement point For swept measurements the application automatically determines the measurement frequencies and combines them in a frequency list Such a frequency set is the result of the frequency and span information that you have provided The frequency and span information is made up out of the center frequency the span the start and the stop frequency In combination with the measurement points or the frequency table step size the application calculates the contents of the frequency table The center frequency is the frequency in the center of the frequency band you are measuring Thus it is defined either by the span or the start and stop frequencies The measurement points is the number of entries in a frequency list and thus the number of measurements that the application performs during a noise figure measure ment The stepsize defines the distance between two measurement points It is constant for all measurement points If the stepsize is larger than the d
179. n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe TOP Level This command defines the top value of the y axis Working with Traces Parameters Level The value ranges depend on the result display Noise figure 75 dB to 75 dB Noise temperature 999990000 K to 999990000 K Y factor 200 dB to 200 dB Gain 75 dB to 75 dB Power hot 200 dBm to 200 dBm Power cold 200 dBm to 200 dBm Example DISP WIND2 TRAC Y SCAL AUTO OFF DISP WIND2 TRAC Y TOP Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Auto Scale Min Max on page 86 7 16 Working with Traces The following commands are necessary to define trace characteristics DISPlay WINDow n E TRAGS te MODE nine either iun t e Aa thx kanns 170 DISPlay WINDow n TRACe t STATe essere nen nnne 171 FORMAT DATA s t iacere tts cb rt ia laia ed d ta 171 ei ER EE 172 RTE e GR le 172 eligere e e aeai 172 MEM EELER es tatit Pede eet eae ope et ENEE 173 pied COPY m 173 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt MODE Mode This command selects the trace mode Parameters Mode BLANK VIEW WRITe RST Trace 1 WRITe Trace 2 4 BLANk Example Manual operation Working with Traces INIT CONT OFF Switching to single sweep mode SWE COUN 16 Sets the number of measurements to 16 DISP TRAC3 MODE WRIT Selects clear write mode for trace 3 INIT WAI S
180. n the table depend on the Display Settings By default it shows the results for the Noise Figure Gain and Y Factor result type Each row repre sents one result type The first column shows the result type the second column shows the result For more information see chapter 6 1 2 Configuring Numerical Results on page 87 Marker Table Shows the marker characteristics in numerical form in a table The size of the table depends on the number of active markers and the way you have configured the table in the Result Config dialog box For more information see chap ter 6 3 Using Markers on page 89 and chapter 6 1 2 Configuring Numerical Results on page 87 4 Marker Table Type Ref Trc Stimulus Ni Ni Ni The first four columns of the table are fix e Type Shows the marker type M represents a normal marker D represents a delta marker e Ref Shows the reference marker for relative delta markers User Manual 1173 9270 02 13 22 e Tre Shows the trace the marker is positioned on e X value Shows the horizontal position frequency of the marker In case of normal markers the position is an absolute value The position of delta markers are relative to another marker e Result Shows the measurement result at the marker position In case of normal markers the result is an absolute value Results for delta mark ers are relative to another marker Remote command LAY ADD WIND 2 RIGH MTAB see LA
181. ncy HANDover SENSe MIX r FREQuency S UAR osuere tote time roter onere SEENEN edEN 158 SENSe MIXer FREQU6nCcy STOP ices ertt nt ri er ret aac Ee ve ta HR ES 159 SENSe MIXer HARMoniG BAND PRESeLt pietre en p eoe teet abe CO e bee 159 SENSe MIXer HARMonic BAND VALue eeeseeeeeeeee eee nennen nenne nnne nnne nnne nennen 159 SENSe MIXer HARMonic HIGHES LA T td e Re E a d p la SEENEN 160 SENSe MIXer HARMonic HIGH VAL sica oci ctt aoi rro t ea e iet ct ep D Een reser iP ea 160 SENSe MIXer HARMON c TYPE sccccesonssencstcencsesersnasesvnes ceaneeixscucsaaveatens canece E AE ETE ET ONE ESERSE 160 SENSe MIXer HARMonic EOW sic Ee ct carat E eene Ee e d aE aa 161 EI E le ele EE 161 SENSE IMI Xer LOSS MIGH 162 SENSe IMIXer EOSS TABLe HIGLL itt tc teer ce tt rte eter ette ene EE ee tard 162 SENSe IMIXer EOSS TABLe EOWD iiio ci ir Ec rt e rrr re nnd ae EDEN ER AS 162 SENS eS EOSS OW 162 SENSE MIXE PORTS ertet teer en ve Pet d e ee tp p geo cete de tpe E Rod 163 SENSe MIXer RFOVerrange S TATe s atre unteren e rrr er ener rt Pa ae ana 163 SENSe MIXer SIGNal SENSe MIXer TEIReShold actrice tcr ecce t e eet ctr age cete eve tope eet b ro dg 163 EIER CN 163 SENSE Ee EE 136 SENSe SWESGp POINIS cct retten oett ec Der cdd eec e HO ctp SEO cct pr ete eat 119 CALCulate UN Certainty COMM Mics cis rrt rhet ree ere Een Nia E eR EXE TA e E
182. nd edited A preview pane displays the current configuration of the conversion loss function as described by the position value entries Table File Name USERTABLE Comment User defined conversion loss table for USER band Band Settings Band om iim FS_Z60 Harmonic Order Mixer S N 123 4567 P rem Bias Mixer Type 55 00000000000 GHz 75 00000000000 GHz lr E EET ETT 79 iU ciao ER 79 Poston Value coc doceo ot titi deed easi eec pe D dre td ex A O ed aa 79 Toce EE 79 Delete E UT MTM 79 Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S FSW PAN PEREAT eres TUER EE 80 SMI Y M 80 icc CR 80 File Name Defines the name under which the table is stored in the C r_s instr user cvl directory on the instrument The name of the table is identical with the name of the file without extension in which the table is stored This setting is mandatory The ACL extension is automatically appended during storage Remote command SENSe CORRection CVL SELect on page 157 Comment An optional comment that describes the conversion loss table The comment can be freely defined by the user Remote command SENSe CORRection CVL COMMent on page 155 Band The waveguide or user defined band for which the table is to be applied This setting is checked against the current mixer setting before the ta
183. ned even after using the PRESET function Use this command to restore the predefined band ranges Example MIX HARM BAND PRES Presets the selected waveguide band Usage Event Manual operation See Preset Band on page 72 SENSe MIXer HARMonic BAND VALue Band This command selects the external mixer band The query returns the currently selected band This command is only available if the external mixer is active see SENSe MIXer STATe on page 163 Parameters Band KA JQJUJVIEJWI F D GJ JY J USER Standard waveguide band or user defined band Manual operation See Band on page 71 Table 7 3 Frequency ranges for pre defined bands Band Frequency start GHz Frequency stop GHz KA A 26 5 40 0 Q 33 0 50 0 U 40 0 60 0 V 50 0 75 0 E 60 0 90 0 Ww 75 0 110 0 F 90 0 140 0 The band formerly referred to as A is now named KA Configuring the Inputs and Outputs Band Frequency start GHz Frequency stop GHz D 110 0 170 0 G 140 0 220 0 J 220 0 325 0 Y 325 0 500 0 USER 32 18 68 22 default default The band formerly referred to as A is now named KA SENSe MIXer HARMonic HIGH STATe State This command specifies whether a second high harmonic is to be used to cover the band s frequency range Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example MIX HARM HIGH STAT ON Manual operation S
184. neral see the manual of the base unit STATus OPERation Register The STATus OP ERation register contains information on current activities of the R amp S FSW It also contains information on activities that have been executed since the last read out Bit no Meaning 0to3 Unavailable for noise figure measurements 4 MEASuring This bit is set if a measurement is in progress 5 to6 Unavailable for noise figure measurements 7 CORRecting This bit is set if a 2nd stage correction is in progress 8 HCOPy This bit is set if a hardcopy is created 9 14 Unavailable for noise figure measurements 15 This bit is always 0 7 19 1 2 STATus QUEStionable Register The STATus QUI which may occur EStionable register contains information about indefinite states if the unit is operated without meeting the specifications Bit no Meaning Oto 7 Unavailable for noise figure measurements 8 CALibration This bit is set if the R amp S FSW is not calibrated 9 LIMit This bit is set if a limit line is violated 10 Unavailable for noise figure measurements 11 CORRection This bit is set if the noise figure calibration is questionable 14 Unavailable for noise figure measurements 15 This bit is always 0 Using the Status Register 7 19 1 3 STATus QUEStionable LIMit Register The STATus QUEStionable LIMit register contains information about limit lines and the results of a
185. nfigures the software to perform a single frequency measurement in continuous sweep mode Example FREQ SING 20MHz Defines a measurement frequency of 20 MHz CONF FREQ CONT INIT Selects and initiates a single frequency measurement Usage Event Manual operation See Tuning Mode on page 43 SENSe CONFigure FREQuency SINGle This command configures the software to perform a single frequency measurement in single sweep mode Defining the Measurement Frequency Example FREQ SING 20MHz Defines a measurement frequency of 20 MHz CONF FREQ SING INIT Selects and initiates a single frequency measurement Usage Event Manual operation See Tuning Mode on page 43 SENSe CONFigure LIST CONTinuous This command configures the software to perform a frequency list measurement in continuous sweep mode Example CONF LIST CONT INIT Selects and initiates a frequency list measurement Usage Event Manual operation See Tuning Mode on page 43 SENSe CONFigure LIST SINGLe This command configures the software to perform a frequency list measurement in sin gle sweep mode Example CONF LIST SING INIT Selects and initiates a single frequency list measurement Usage Event Manual operation See Tuning Mode on page 43 SENSe FREQuency CENter lt Frequency gt This command defines the center frequency Parameters lt Frequency gt Range see datasheet RST fmax 2 Default
186. nly available if the optional External Mixer is installed and an external mixer is connected Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example MIX ON Manual operation See External Mixer State on page 71 Configuring the Inputs and Outputs 7 14 3 External Generator SOURce EXTernal FREQuency FACTor DENominator eese eene 164 SOURce EXTernal FREQuency FACTor NUMerator eese 164 SOURce EXTernalFREQuency OFFSet lt offSet gt isisisi iirinn ainiai 164 SOURce EXTermalPOWaer EEVel aniani praeerant ipana aiaei niidina 165 SOURCE EX Temal e ee Eu TEE 165 Sv Tem CGOMMunicate GIG RDEVice GENeratorADDhess rrene rerne rrene 165 Sv Tem CGOMMunicate RDEVice GENeratorINTertace renerne erererererererersesrnee 166 SYSTem COMMunicate RDEVice GENerator TYPE sss nennen 166 SYSTem COMMunicate TCPip RDEVice GENerator ADDRess eese 166 SYSTem CONFigure GENerator CON Trol S TATe iiiter eed kac oda xa aco snas usd 166 SYSTem CONFigure GENerator INITialise AUTO eese 167 Gv Tem CGOhNFioure GENerator INUTlaltse IMMediate reren enrnerrrereeererene 167 SYSTem CONFigure GENerator SWITCh AUTO irata ciis er eee aere deed ua e ea oaa 167 SOURce EXTernal FREQuency FACTor DENominator lt Denominator gt SOURce EXTernal FREQuency FACTor NUMerator lt Numerator gt SOURce EXTernal FREQuency OFFSet lt offset gt Offset These commands define the
187. nnne nn 58 Configuring the Measurement 3 eerie eerie ec e ti deed ia e eae 58 Configuring Level Characteristics acetate aae kd a 60 Using the Uncertainty Calculator eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneen nnne 62 Configuring Noise Source Characherlstcs norr r etr nernnennernnesreessene 63 Configuring DUT Characteristics terc teer ecce e cet aedes 64 Configuring Analyzer Charachertsetcs emm 65 Guidelines and Results 2 rere eec niece nite n i de 66 Performing Measurements eeeeeeeeeseeeee ener nnne nnn nnne Eaman 67 Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S ES REENEN ennen 68 Radio Frequency RF Input 69 External Mixer Settings ees EES 70 80 ULL mo 85 Configuring the Display eseeeeeeeeeeeeeenenen nennen nenne nnn nennen nnn nent snnt nnne nns 85 Configuring Graphical Results to riter oret reto bec D eee ER eR 85 Configuring Numerical Resulfs 2 cocotte teer eee teh tere ett ice 87 Working viti MR eite NEEE NAERSIN NEE ERA ENTE NEARE SARERA 87 Using MArKOrS a corrien aeea EAREN EEN 89 Marker Configutratior ditt oett t aa dr ete d rte ESA 89 Marker POoSIFIODITIg s e dee pee tia Peavey in eet Ia VEL reete nk e d vnd 92 Limit Line Settings and Functions esee nnn 94 Limit Line Management coit credere bed geret rd v e d et a a e d eue 94 6 4 2 7 1 7 2 7 2 1 7 2 2 7 2
188. noise figure measurement adds value especially when comparing measurement results Note that the noise figure uncertainty ist not calculated for frequencies above 67 GHz because input VSWR values are not specified Uncertainty values and systematic error recognition Note that the uncertainty calculation only takes systematic measurement inaccuracies into account The most significant inaccuracies are uncertainties of the noise source and the analyzer input and output matching noise figure and gain of the DUT noise figure of the analyzer The accuracy of the measurement may be additionally affected by insufficient repeata bility during calibration or measurement The repeatability is mainly affected by e signal to noise ratio during calibration and measurement e measurement time if it is too short environmental conditions e g a change in the temperature between measure ments mechanical stability of the test setup For more background information on noise figure measurement uncertainty refer to the application note The Y Factor Technique for Noise Figure Measurement available for download on the Rohde A Schwarz homepage http www rohde schwarz com en applications the y factor technique for noise figure measurements application note 56280 15484 html In addition to the parameters described here the application also considers several parameters from the general measurement configuration when calculating
189. ntal values set with CALCulate lt n gt LIMit k CONTrol DATA lf not the R amp S FSW either adds missing values or ignores surplus values RST Limit line state is OFF Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Data points on page 98 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt UPPer SHIFt lt Distance gt This command moves a complete upper limit line vertically Compared to defining an offset this command actually changes the limit line definition points by the value you define lt n gt is irrelevant Parameters lt Distance gt Defines the distance that the limit line moves Usage Event Manual operation See Shift y on page 98 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt UPPer STATe lt State gt This command turns an upper limit line on and off Before you can use the command you have to select a limit line with CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt NAME on page 175 lt n gt is irrelevant Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Usage SCPI confirmed T 17 5 Working with Limit Lines Manual operation See Visibility on page 96 Managing Limit Lines GAL Qulateespn LIMitek NEE 179 e EE E COPY E 179 CALC E IRS DE E EE 179 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt ACTive This command queries the names of all active limit lines lt n gt lt k gt are irrelevant Return values lt LimitLines gt String containing the names of all active limit lines in alphabeti cal order Example C
190. nte nere nr erp e n s CALCulate UNCertainty MATCh SOURcCe VSWR sess nennen aardi iaaa GAL Culate UNGertainty PREalmp GAIN entere eme entree ener co dre e dEE EE GEES Een GALGulate UNGertainty PREamp NOISS ttn tno teer ferte nr enr n re n o nana CALCulate UNGertainty PREamp S TANG iis iiss inr rrr rre rr re ri e ere a ree PIE E tina CALCulate UNCertainty SANalyzer GAIN UNCertainty CAL Culate UNC ertaimtv GANahvzerNOlGe UNC ertaimtv sissies esisiini diasaan 146 CALEGulate UNGertainty OT 145 GALCulate lt n gt DEL Tamarkersim gt AOR E CAL Culate nz D I Tamarker mz MAXimumlEFT enne enne rennen CAL Culate nz D I Tamarker mz MAximum NENT CAL Culate nz D I Tamarker mz MAXimum RICH CALOCulate n DELTamarker m MAXimumy PEAK esses nennen CAL Culate nz D I Tamarker mz MiNmmum LEET CAL CGulate nz D I Tamarker zmz MihNimum NENT CAL Culate nz D I Tamarker mz MINIMUM HIGH CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MINimum PEAK tee CALCulate lt n gt DEL Tamarkersim gt MRE spoorse sanaan nT EEs Eaa A EEEREN E CALGulatesn DELTamarkers MA TRAOS iirinn terr tnn nm ree ren mener in en ns CAL GCulate r DEETamarkerste X iieri or cree eee rin rea Be c Pe ce ce ue Giannis 186 CAL Culatesn2 DEETamatrkerstEs E 186 GALGulate n DELTamarkerem STATe eiit rre ennt rtr t e nter t enne 185 CALC latesn gt D AG TIVO ursi rion tr nic ntu e Mp Ee e Ende E e ei e exa s 179
191. nversion loss External Mixer Remote control 162 Conversion loss tables rssi usonan aana 76 Available remote control x 199 Band remote control 154 Bias remote control Configuring CHEATING c 77 Deleting remote control External Ms cerei rere silo External Mixer Remote control 162 Harmonic order remote Control 156 Importing External Mixer 76 MANAGING zo re t Mixer type remote control sessse 157 Saving External Mixer AAA 80 Selecting remote control AAA 157 Shifting values External Mixer sss 80 Values External Mixer AAA 79 Copying Measurement channel remote s 105 licere T M 88 Coupling lip t Femote ode trier tpe 151 D Data format Ee LE 171 172 Deleting Bag e EE 98 Delta markers 3 re 91 Direct measuletieliE concor ra ert three teo te EYE Een 48 Direct measurements ceca sures erro terere pa rae ed a 28 Duplicating Measurement channel remote se 105 DU T characteristiS uu oce contrer rti tror ceps 48 E rm 50 EN RISOUNCE c 51 ENEE erer 52 Dc oneceecars 54 Edit 58 54 Evaluation methods xig Excess noise ratio ENR Exte
192. object In that case the suffix selects a particular instance e g a mea surement window Numeric suffixes are indicated by angular brackets n next to the keyword If you don t quote a suffix for keywords that support one a 1 is assumed Example DISPlay WINDow lt 1 4 gt ZOOM STATe enables the zoom in a particular mea surement window selected by the suffix at WINDow DISPlay WINDow4 ZOOM STATe ON refers to window 4 Introduction 7 2 4 Optional Keywords Some keywords are optional and are only part of the syntax because of SCPI compli ance You can include them in the header or not Note that if an optional keyword has a numeric suffix and you need to use the suffix you have to include the optional keyword Otherwise the suffix of the missing keyword is assumed to be the value 1 Optional keywords are emphasized with square brackets Example Without a numeric suffix in the optional keyword SENSe FREQuency CENTer is the same as FREQuency CENTer With a numeric suffix in the optional keyword DISPlay WINDow lt 1 4 gt ZOOM STATe DISPlay ZOOM STATe ON enables the zoom in window 1 no suffix DISPlay WINDow4 ZOOM STATe ON enables the zoom in window 4 7 2 5 Alternative Keywords A vertical stroke indicates alternatives for a specific keyword You can use both key words to the same effect Example SENSe BANDwidth BWIDth RESolution In the short form without option
193. ommand SENSe CORRection CVL SNUMber on page 157 Mixer Type Specifies whether the external mixer for which the table is to be applied is a two port or three port type This setting is checked against the current mixer setting before the table can be assigned to the range Remote command SENSe CORRection CVL PORTs on page 157 Position Value Each position value pair defines the correction value for conversion loss for a specific frequency The reference values must be entered in order of increasing frequencies A maximum of 50 reference values can be entered To enter a new value pair select an empty space in the Position Value table or select the Insert Value button Correction values for frequencies between the reference values are obtained by inter polation Linear interpolation is performed if the table contains only two values If it con tains more than two reference values spline interpolation is carried out Outside the frequency range covered by the table the conversion loss is assumed to be the same as that for the first and last reference value The current configuration of the conversion loss function as described by the position value entries is displayed in the preview pane to the right of the table Remote command SENSe CORRection CVL DATA on page 155 Insert Value Inserts a new position value entry in the table If the table is empty a new entry at 0 Hz is inserted If entries already exist a ne
194. on ENR COMMon and CALCulate UNCertainty COMMon are off Parameters Uncertainty Hot temperature uncertainty value of the noise source Refer to the data sheet of the noise source to determine its uncertainty RST OK Example CALC UNC ENR CAL UNC COLD 5 K Defines a high temperature uncertainty of 5 K Manual operation See Temperature Uncert ainty on page 64 CALCulate UNCertainty ENR UNCertainty Uncertainty This command defines the uncertainty of a noise source If the noise sources during calibration and measurement are different the command defines the uncertainty of the measurement noise source Parameters Uncertainty Uncertainty value of the noise source Refer to the data sheet of the noise source to determine its uncertainty RST 0 1 dB Example CALC UNC ENR UNC 0 05 Defines an uncertainty of 0 05 dB Manual operation See ENR Uncert ainty on page 63 CALCulate UNCertainty ENR UNCertainty COLD Uncertainty This command defines the uncertainty of a resistor If the noise sources during calibration and measurement are different the command defines the uncertainty of the measurement noise source Parameters Uncertainty Cold temperature uncertainty value of the noise source Refer to the data sheet of the noise source to determine its uncertainty RST OK Example CALC UNC ENR UNC COLD 10 Defines an low temperature uncertainty of 10 K Manual operation See Temperatur
195. or each marker Using Markers usto GA Marker Marker Settings Ref Selected State X value Type Marker workers PS oos Nor BE SS 5 CLNENG 3D ONE Que fes oos a E pom gt Cs feb cp o The Marker Settings tab contains general marker functionality Trace Markers Marker Settings Marker Table Marker Info On ET Gg D EE 90 Marker Ro 91 EU E co m m 91 All IICRS M 91 Marker eren 91 Marker Table E ien ttm rp ren ERR eet le e oret epe ERR RG 91 ausim oM M M 92 Marker 1 4 Selects or turns the corresponding marker on and off Using Markers Turning on a marker also opens an input field to define the horizontal position of the marker By default the first marker you turn on is a normal marker all others are delta markers Marker Type Toggles the marker type The type for marker 1 is always Normal the type for delta marker 1 is always Delta These types cannot be changed Note If normal marker 1 is the active marker switching the Mkr Type activates an additional delta marker 1 For any other marker switching the marker type does not activate an additional marker it only switches the type of the selected marker Normal A normal marker indicates the absolute value at the defined position in the diagram Delta A delta mar
196. other measurement points are moved down one position with the most obsolete result falling out of the diagram like in the roll mode of an oscillo Scope Selecting the result display gt Select the icon in the toolbar or press the MEAS key The application enters the SmartGrid configuration mode For more information on the SmartGrid functionality see the R amp S FSW Getting Started wmm C ET 16 rp TR tends 17 TER e TE 17 boc ci 18 Power ee 19 POWER COND e 19 eld c r e 20 Cal Power Hotanen n e EE EE A AE EAN ea aE A 21 ele E 21 PRES UNE TADS EE 21 e lge 22 Marker KEE 22 Noise Figure Shows the noise figure of the DUT The noise figure is the ratio of the signal to noise ratio at the DUT input to that at the DUT output SNR Noise Figure SNR out The vertical axis shows the level of the noise figure in dB The scale depends on the settings in the Display Configuration dialog box R amp S FSW K30 Measurements and Result Displays El 1 Noise Figure Start 100 0 MHz 10 pts 90 0 MHz RF Stop 1 0 GHz Remote command LAY ADD WIND 2 RIGH NOIS see LAYout ADD WINDow on page 109 Results TRACe lt t gt DATA NFIGure Gain Shows the gain characteristics of the DUT The vertical axis shows the level of the gain in dB The scale depends on the settings in the Display Confi
197. ou can customize the step size with a corresponding command Querying numeric values When you query numeric values the system returns a number In case of physical quantities it applies the basic unit e g Hz in case of frequencies The number of dig its after the decimal point depends on the type of numeric value Example Setting SENSe FREQuency CENTer 1GHZ Query SENSe FREQuency CENTer would return 1E9 In some cases numeric values may be returned as text e INF NINF Infinity or negative infinity Represents the numeric values 9 9E37 or 9 9E37 e NAN Not a number Represents the numeric value 9 91E37 NAN is returned in case of errors Boolean Boolean parameters represent two states The ON state logically true is represen ted by ON or a numeric value 1 The OFF state logically untrue is represented by OFF or the numeric value 0 Introduction Querying boolean parameters When you query boolean parameters the system returns either the value 1 ON or the value 0 OFF Example Setting DISPlay WINDow ZOOM STATe ON Query DISPlay WINDow ZOOM STATe would return 1 7 2 6 3 Character Data Character data follows the syntactic rules of keywords You can enter text using a short or a long form For more information see chapter 7 2 2 Long and Short Form on page 101 Querying text parameters When you query text parameters the system returns its short form Ex
198. ow the application performs the peak search in the currently selected measurement window The currently selected mea surement window has a blue border Because the markers are linked in the noise fig ure application the frequency position of the marker in the other window is updated accordingly even if it means that the marker is on a peak in one window only Select Maker Xe ae teciiee krass A Sane ra Tec pis Y nied E rz VERO Dds RN TI UTER SE Re laa 92 PEAK SCORCMIN PEE E EE EEN AEE E E E E E E E 93 Search Next PEAK ie tete a enai ia re ede A at bv ese eb ete aada 93 iris re aA ut TOL TOP TD C TRO TTD ROT ULTOR 93 elei Tir in BE 94 Marker to Single Frequerngy uasa epe tene coated ce pen tek oh Ep ter ek ER nato reese eet 94 Select Marker x Opens a dialog box to select and activate or deactivate one or more markers The number in the softkey label x shows the number of the currently selected marker Using Markers Selected State Remote command Marker selected via suffix m in remote commands Peak Search Sets the selected marker delta marker to the maximum of the trace If no marker is active marker 1 is activated Remote command CALCulate n MARKer m MAXimum PEAK on page 189 CALCulate n DELTamarker m MAXimum PEAK on page 191 Search Next Peak Sets the selected marker delta marker to the next lower maximum of the assigned trace If no marker is active marker 1 is activate
199. r Settings Basic Settings Conversion Loss Table External Mixer Band Settings Mixer Type RF Start RF Stop Handover Freq Mixer Settings Range Harmonic Type Harmonic Order Conversion Loss 2 m Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S FSW External MIXet Stalfe iene sete A etel an xe o e ed is 71 RF Statt RF SIOD ue eter tr RR E EEE du Maure ax herede resa be Ru Ege tug 71 FRAMGOVER i is e HH U 71 ER T 71 RF Overtange EE 72 PROSOU BAI EE 72 AID I WO ase foe cee DP 72 Mixer Settings Harmonics Configuration 2 2 1 2 2 2 o ete corpor tco AEN 72 d o Lo PTT A 72 az 000 X MN UEM 72 L Harmonie Dod cert patti tendit e eub iad a Fatis d itai 72 L Conversi n JOS oaa ban ur ncn AR A AR 73 External Mixer State Activates or deactivates the external mixer for input If activated ExtMix is indicated in the channel bar of the application together with the used band see Band on page 71 Remote command SENSe MIXer STATe on page 163 RF Start RF Stop Displays the start and stop frequency of the selected band read only The frequency range for the user defined band is defined via the harmonics configura tion see Range 1 2 on page 72 For details on available frequency ranges see table 7 3 Remote command SENSe MIXer FREQuency STARt on page 158 SENSe MIXer FREQuency STOP on page 159 Handover Freq Defines
200. rement channel Note that in single sweep mode you can synchronize to the end of the measurement with OPC OPC or WAI In continuous sweep mode synchronization to the end of the measurement is not possible Thus it is not recommended that you use continuous Sweep mode in remote control as results like trace data or markers are only valid after a single sweep end synchronization For details on synchronization see the Remote Basics chapter in the R amp S FSW User Manual If the sweep mode is changed for a measurement channel while the Sequencer is active see INITiate lt n gt SEQuencer IMMediate on page 148 the mode is only considered the next time the measurement in that channel is activated by the Sequencer Suffix n irrelevant Performing Measurements Parameters State ON OFF 0 1 ON 1 Continuous sweep OFF 0 Single sweep RST 1 Example INIT CONT OFF Switches the sweep mode to single sweep INIT CONT ON Switches the sweep mode to continuous sweep Manual operation See Continuous Sweep RUN CONT on page 67 INITiate lt n gt IMMediate This command starts a single new measurement You can synchronize to the end of the measurement with OPC OPC or WAI For details on synchronization see the Remote Basics chapter in the R amp S FSW User Manual Suffix lt n gt irrelevant Usage Event Manual operation See Single Sweep RUN SINGLE on page 68 See Calibrate on page 68
201. rent AC or direct cur rent DC AC coupling blocks any DC voltage from the input signal This is the default setting to prevent damage to the instrument Very low frequencies in the input signal may be dis torted However some specifications require DC coupling In this case you must protect the instrument from damaging DC input voltages manually For details refer to the data sheet Remote command INPut COUPling on page 151 Impedance For some measurements the reference impedance for the measured levels of the R amp S FSW can be set to 50 Q or 75 0 75 Q should be selected if the 50 Q input impedance is transformed to a higher impe dance using a 75 O adapter of the RAZ type 25 Q in series to the input impedance of the instrument The correction value in this case is 1 76 dB 10 log 750 500 Remote command INPut IMPedance on page 152 High Pass Filter 1 3 GHz Activates an additional internal high pass filter for RF input signals from 1 GHz to 3 GHz This filter is used to remove the harmonics of the analyzer in order to measure the harmonics for a DUT for example This function requires an additional hardware option Note for RF input signals outside the specified range the high pass filter has no effect For signals with a frequency of approximately 4 GHz upwards the harmonics are suppressed sufficiently by the YIG filter Remote command INPut FILTer HPASs STATe on page 152 YIG Preselector Activ
202. requency gt Range 0 Hz to 100 GHz RST 10 MHZ if frequency converting mode has been selected Example CONF MODE SYST LO FREQ 1GHZ Defines afixed LO frequency of 1 GHz 7 9 Configuring the Noise Source Manual operation See LO Fixed on page 48 SENSe CONFigure MODE DUT lt DUTType gt This command selects the type of DUT you are testing Parameters lt DUTType gt AMPLifier Measurements on fixed frequency DUTs DOWNconv Measurements on down converting DUTs UPConv Measurements on up converting DUTs RST AMPLifier Example CONF MODE DUT DOWN Selects the measurement mode for a down converting DUT Manual operation See Mode on page 48 SENSe CORRection IREJection lt ImageRejection gt This command defines the image frequency rejection for the DUT Parameters lt ImageRejection gt Range 0 to 999 99 RST 999 99 Default unit dB Example CORR IREJ 0 Turns image rejection off Manual operation See Image Rejection on page 49 Configuring the Noise Source The following commands are necessary to define the noise source characteristics SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration SPOT COLD cececceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeanaeaeaaaaaeenes 123 SENSe CORRection ENR CALibration SPOTIHOT 2 ccctesencccctssesccseusveseadeeeerenaccncrsrarcncae 123 SENSe CORRection ENR CAL ibration MODE i i 22ces sesccesceesaneeseseeavateceedeanaenncveiieaecvesiys 123 SENSe CORR
203. rnal generator lii R 81 Interface settings 80 External Mixer ree irte pana a sehe aepo e Rep ENEE 71 Activating remote control seeen 163 Bandas det Basic Settings crc 73 Configuration 70 renim tm 73 Conversion loss tables 76 Frequency range i Handover frequency T Harmonic Order 2 Harmonie TY e 72 Names isset uM Pi thence 79 apo e 72 Restoring bands center tete tr ENEE eer 72 RF overrange 72 163 PR Stet Re EE eege 71 Serial UTA GM ssec rone o ona a 79 Dijo 72 79 163 External reference External generator Control cecinere tr nnne 81 F Filters High pass remote High pass RF input RBW uie ted tee eb AE 36 YIG remote ss 153 ico PT 48 Format Data remote 2 nba edes 171 172 Frequency GOMER 43 Span 44 Start A4 Stepsize 44 Stop 44 Frequency conversion 48 Frequency conversion measurements sss 28 Frequency list 25 47 Frequency Sel EE 42 Frequericy table rrt etre rere tap 47 G Generator type Ae ee EN Generators Frequency range external generator 81 Power range external generator ss 81 Setup files external generator ssrsrrirississnsisr ansni 81 GPIB Ad
204. rol an external generator and the type of signal it generates The typical measurement setup for such measurements includes the R amp S FSW equip ped with the optional Noise Figure Measurements application a signal generator and R amp S FSW K30 Measurement Basics the DUT The signal generator is controlled either via the the LAN connection or the GPIB interface The GPIB interface is part of the optional External Generator Control hardware To enhance the measurement accuracy it is recommended to use a common refer ence frequency for both R amp S FSW and signal generator in the measurement setup If you have no 10 MHz reference frequency on hand you can use the internal refer ence signal of the R amp S FSW or signal generator For more information see the docu mentation of the R amp S FSW or the signal generator Signal generator support The R amp S FSW B10 supports various signal generators A list is available in the user interface see Generator Type and in the documentation of the R amp S FSW Note that you have to specifically select the generator for the Noise Figure Measure ments application It does not inherit the generator settings from other applications It is also possible to add new signal generators to that list To do so you have to copy a custom signal generator setup file with the file extension gen to the R amp S FSW The setup file defines the frequency and power ranges supported by the generator as wel
205. rrent mixer setting before the table can be assigned to the range Before this command can be performed the conversion loss table must be selected see SENSe CORRection CVL SELect on page 157 This command is only available with option B21 External Mixer installed Parameters lt Type gt string Name of mixer with a maximum of 16 characters Example CORR CVL SEL LOSS TAB Ai Selects the conversion loss table CORR CVL MIX FS Z60 Manual operation See Mixer Name on page 79 Configuring the Inputs and Outputs SENSe CORRection CVL PORTs lt PortNo gt This command defines the mixer type in the conversion loss table This setting is checked against the current mixer setting before the table can be assigned to the range Before this command can be performed the conversion loss table must be selected see SENSe CORRection CVL SELect on page 157 This command is only available with option B21 External Mixer installed Parameters lt PortType gt 2 3 RST 2 Example CORR CVL SEL LOSS TAB 4 Selects the conversion loss table CORR CVL PORT 3 Manual operation See Mixer Type on page 79 SENSe CORRection CVL SELect lt FileName gt This command selects the conversion loss table with the specified file name If file name is not available a new conversion loss table is created This command is only available with option B21 External Mixer installed Parameters lt Fi
206. s all instrument functions are described in detail Furthermore they provide a complete description of the remote control commands with programming examples The user manual for the base unit provides basic information on operating the R amp S FSW in general and the Spectrum application in particular Furthermore the soft ware functions that enhance the basic functionality for various applications are descri bed here An introduction to remote control is provided as well as information on main tenance instrument interfaces and troubleshooting Conventions Used in the Documentation In the individual application manuals the specific instrument functions of the applica tion are described in detail For additional information on default settings and parame ters refer to the data sheets Basic information on operating the R amp S FSW is not inclu ded in the application manuals All user manuals are also available for download from the Rohde amp Schwarz website on the R amp S FSW product page at http www rohde schwarz com product F GW bm Service Manual This manual is available in PDF format on the Documentation DVD delivered with the instrument It describes how to check compliance with rated specifications instrument function repair troubleshooting and fault elimination It contains all information required for repairing the R amp S FSW by replacing modules Release Notes The release notes describe the installation of the
207. s a comma as decimal separator e g 4 05 POINt Uses a point as decimal separator e g 4 05 RST RST has no effect on the decimal separator Default is POINt Example FORM DEXP DSEP POIN Sets the decimal point as separator Manual operation See Trace Export on page 88 FORMat DEXPort HEADer lt State gt If enabled additional instrument and measurement settings are included in the header of the export file for result data If disabled only the pure result data from the selected traces and tables is exported Parameters lt State gt ON OFF 0 1 RST 1 Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Trace Export on page 88 FORMat DEXPort TRACes lt Selection gt This command selects the data to be included in a data export file see MMEMory STORe lt n gt TRACe on page 173 Parameters lt Selection gt SINGle Only a single trace is selected for export namely the one speci fied by the MMEMory STORe lt n gt TRACe command ALL Selects all active traces and result tables e g Result Summary marker peak list etc in the current application for export to an ASCII file The trace parameter for the MMEMory STORe lt n gt TRACe command is ignored RST SINGle Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Trace Export on page 88 Working with Limit Lines MMEMory STORe lt n gt TRACe Trace lt FileName gt This command exports trace data from the specified window to an ASCII file Secur
208. s on such DUTS it is sufficient to measure the signal s RF fre quency without any additional equipment like a local oscillator A typical linear DUT is for example an amplifier The test setup for measurements on such DUTs usually consists of the noise source the DUT and an analyzer If necessary the measurement also considers loss that might occur somewhere in the measurement path If you are measuring linear DUTs the contents and layout of the Overview dialog box represents the configuration of a typical test setup Source Output Analyzer Config Measurements on Frequency Converting DUTs A frequency converting DUT converts the RF frequency to an intermediate frequency IF using the local oscillator LO A frequency converting DUT either converts the RF frequency to a lower IF down conversion or a higher IF up conversion The conversion process requires a local oscillator in the test setup You can generate the LO signal in two ways e An external generator controlled by the analyzer via IEC bus 4 4 External Generator Control AVCO controlled by a voltage source If you have selected a frequency converting DUT measurement mode the layout of the Overview dialog box adds the local oscillator to the test setup Noise d Loss Spectrum Display Source Output Analyzer Config Lo Local Oscillator The local oscillator can have a fixed or a variable frequency If the LO frequency is fixed the intermedia
209. sage SCPI confirmed INPut GAIN STATe lt State gt This command turns the preamplifier on and off It requires the optional preamplifiier hardware Configuring the Analyzer For R amp S FSW 26 or higher models the input signal is amplified by 30 dB if the pream plifier is activated For R amp S FSW 8 or 13 models the preamplification is defined by INPut GAIN VALue Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example INP GAIN STAT ON Switches on 30 dB preamplification Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Preamplifier on page 61 SENSe BANDwidth RESolution Bandwidth This command defines the resolution bandwidth and decouples the resolution band width from the span Example BAND 1 MHz Sets the resolution bandwidth to 1 MHz Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Resolution Bandwidth RBW on page 59 SENSe CORRection STATe State This command includes or excludes calibration data in the actual measurement Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example CORR ON Includes calibration data in the measurement SENSe SWEep COUNt Averages This command defines the number of measurements that are used to average the results Parameters Averages Number of measurements that are performed at a single fre quency before average results are displayed If you set an average of 0 or 1 the application performs a single measurement at each frequency Range 0 to 32767
210. sing the Status Register amp logic AND 15 notusec notused ogor D ofall bts g for ech D H H D H 7 CoRRectng D s D MEASurng 3 Misshgioss or ENR values H D 5 H P NO CORRectbn STATus OPER amp ton STATus QUE tona bie CORRection H d h e Fosmss E ESB rte P of used t THT E Ewe nn H H d D SRE zm 1 conRecten H D IMR D CAUbraton UNCAL UMES FAIL g LIMR7 FAIL 5 LIMRG FAIL D LIMES FAIL DH LIMR 4 FAIL D LIMES FAIL D LIME2 FAIL LIME 1 FAIL H PPE i STATus QUE Stionabie STATus QUE Stiona Bie LIMrt n 18Tfag _ s un WW Bw _ Ed ji Error Event Output Fig 7 2 Status registers for noise figure measurements The R amp S FSW structures the information hierarchically with the Status Byte register STB and the Service Request Enable mask register SRE being on the highest level The STB gets its information from the standard Event Status Register ESR and the Event Status Enable mask register ESE The STB and ESR are both defined by IEEE 488 2 In addition to the ESR the STB also gets information from the STATus OPERa tion and STATus QUEStionable registers These are the link to the lower levels of the 7 19 1 1 Using the Status Register status register and are defined by SCPI They contain information about the state of the instrument For a more comprehensive description of the status registers not mentioned here and status register functionality in ge
211. stem DISPlay FORMat DISPlay WINDow TABLe LAYout WINDow REPLace LAYout REPLace WINDow Functionality not supported any more FETCh command system TRACE DATA SENSe SWEep POINts SENSe FREQuency CW FIXed SENSe FREQuency POINts SENSe FREQuency SINGle List of Remote Commands Noise Figure SENSe BANDwidth RESOlutior s ic toot EENS wa atte 136 SENSe GCONFigure CON poe 150 SENSe CONFigure CORRE CHOON EE 134 SENSe CONFigure FREQuency CONTINUOUS c scicctscesccietiecescenesneuaceedeiesviceactncunceicasdeecuctenutnedctensehtevren meena 117 SENSe GONFIg re FREGQuency SINGIS coto erri Pepe t SENSe CONFigure LIST CONTinuous SENSe CONFigure EIST SINGIEG ugedeit ce t E E eet bee e Gea SENS GONFIg re MEASUremlent ite ient ee mede s oco bv cu es RE RR TRU do dT RR TEE e edel len IR E NEE SENSe CONFigure MODE SYS Tem IF FREQuUuency etit tarn trt tete one aen 121 SENSe CONFigure MODE SYSTem LO F REQUnCY iria em eite oa tete Re ther ee ro ENEE anih 121 SENSe ICORRScCIiOR VIE BAND EE 154 SENS CORREction CVE BIAS EE 154 SENS GORRsction GVE GATAIOGg cci eret ratae excisa a E A 155 SENSe CORR6Gction CVE CL EE 155 SENSe CORRection CVE GOMM Bn eret poe rti rte tnt erento Ernte deed 155 E Ee eene en Re EEN EE 155 EI E e elle dene Ne 156 SENSE CORRection CML TE 156 SENS GORRection CVE PORT NE
212. sult Result at the marker position Example INIT CONT OFF Switches to single measurement mode CALC MARK2 ON Switches marker 2 INIT WAI Starts a measurement and waits for the end CALC MARK2 Y Outputs the measured value of marker 2 Usage Query only Manual operation See Marker Table on page 22 7 18 2 Using Delta Markers Note that the suffix at CALCulate has an effect only if you query the characteristics of a marker If you set a marker you can ignore the suffix because the markers are linked to each other over all measurement windows and will always be on the same fre quency CALCulate n DELTamarker m AOFF esee enne ehh nnnnn enin nnn sr sa ranas daa aun 185 CALGulatesm DELTamarkerstmseMRDEP EE 185 CAL Culate nz DEL TamarkercmztSTATel nennen entren inan 185 Working with Markers CALC ulatesn DEL Tamarkersin gt TRA iater tied oix ne e axe bea trat enia 185 GALGulate n DELTarmarkeremb X 2 2 2 2 nett ua aA te a oa RE Ee a Can Rok NN 186 GAL GulatesmsDELTAmarkeremm Y EE 186 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt AOFF This command turns all delta markers off lt m gt is irrelevant Example CALC DELT AOFF Turns all delta markers off Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MREF Reference This command selects a reference marker for a delta marker other than marker 1 The reference may be another marker or the fixed reference Parame
213. sult does not exceed the frequency range of the generator The application calculates the resulting start and stop frequency based on the values you apply and displays them below the equation Remote command SOURce EXTernal FREQuency FACTor DENominator on page 164 SOURce EXTernal FREQuency FACTor NUMerator on page 164 SOURce EXTernal FREQuency OFFSet offset on page 164 Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S FSW Init External Generator Establishes a connection to generator and turns on its RF output You can establish the connection automatically before a measurement if Init Before Meas is on Note that you have to establish the connection in order to be able to perform a mea surement with the external generator Remote command SYSTem CONFigure GENerator INITialise IMMediate on page 167 Configuring the Display 6 Analysis 6 1 6 1 1 This chapter contains all settings and parameters that the application provides to ana lyze and evaluate measurement results e Configuring the RUE EE 85 e Working With NEE 87 CDU T aD 89 e Limit Line Settings and FUNCHONS nieces nica ace eter vers 94 Configuring the Display The Display Configuration button or the Result Config softkey open a dialog box to configure the way the results are displayed in the diagram The contents depend on whether you want to configure a graphical result display or a numerical result display Sp
214. t the Write to lt CVL table name gt button Remote command SENSe MIXer BIAS LOW on page 158 SENSe MIXer BIAS HIGH on page 158 Write to CVL table name Bias Settings Stores the bias setting in the currently selected Conversion loss table for the range see chapter 5 9 2 3 Managing Conversion Loss Tables on page 75 If no conver sion loss table is selected yet this function is not available CVL Table not selected Remote command SENSe CORRection CVL BIAS on page 154 Managing Conversion Loss Tables Access Overview gt Input Frontend gt Input Source gt External Mixer gt Conver sion Loss Table or INPUT OUTPUT gt Input Source Config gt Input Source gt External Mixer gt Conversion Loss Table In this tab you configure and manage conversion loss tables Conversion loss tables consist of value pairs that describe the correction values for conversion loss at certain frequencies The correction values for frequencies between the reference points are obtained via interpolation The currently selected table for each range is displayed at the top of the dialog box All conversion loss tables found in the instrument s C r_s instr user cv1 direc tory are listed in the Modify Tables list Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S FSW Frequency Basic Settings Mixer Settings Conversion Loss Table External Mixer New Table E 76 Edit TAD O zi ee eee
215. tarts the measurement and waits for the end of the measure ment See Traces on page 88 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt STATe State This command turns a trace on and off The measurement continues in the background Parameters State Example Usage ON OFF 0 1 RST Trace 1 1 Trace 2 4 0 DISP TRAC3 ON SCPI confirmed FORMat DATA lt Format gt This command selects the data format that is used for transmission of trace data from the R amp S FSW to the controlling computer Note that the command has no effect for data that you send to the R amp S FSW The R amp S FSW automatically recognizes the data it receives regardless of the format Parameters lt Format gt Example Usage ASCii ASCii format separated by commas This format is almost always suitable regardless of the actual data format However the data is not as compact as other for mats may be REAL 32 32 bit IEEE 754 floating point numbers in the definite length block format In the Spectrum application the format setting REAL is used for the binary transmission of trace data For UO data 8 bytes per sample are returned for this format set ting RST ASCII FORM REAL 32 SCPI confirmed Working with Traces FORMat DEXPort DSEParator lt Separator gt This command selects the decimal separator for data exported in ASCII format Parameters lt Separator gt COMMa Use
216. te Control Commands for Noise Measurements WEEN Parameters lt WindowName gt String containing the name of the existing window By default the name of a window is the same as its index To determine the name and index of all active windows in the active measurement channel use the LAYout CATalog WINDow query lt WindowType gt Type of result display you want to use in the existing window See LAYout ADD WINDow on page 109 for a list of availa ble window types Example LAY REPL WIND 1 MTAB Replaces the result display in window 1 with a marker table LAYout SPLitter lt Index1 gt lt Index2 gt lt Position gt This command changes the position of a splitter and thus controls the size of the win dows on each side of the splitter Compared to the DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SIZE on page 115 command the LAYout SPLitter changes the size of all windows to either side of the splitter per manently it does not just maximize a single window temporarily Note that windows must have a certain minimum size If the position you define con flicts with the minimum size of any of the affected windows the command will not work but does not return an error y 100 x 100 y 100 1 01 GHz 102 12 dim x 0 y 0 x 100 Fig 7 1 SmartGrid coordinates for remote control of the splitters Parameters lt Index1 gt The index of one window the splitter controls lt Index2 gt The index of a window on the other side of t
217. te frequency IF resulting from the conversion process is variable depending on the input signal If the LO frequency is variable the IF has to be fixed The application provides measurement for both measurement scenarios Fixed intermediate frequency If you select one of the fixed IF measurement modes the IF is the same for all entries in the frequency list The LO frequency for each entry is variable and is the result of the equation the selected mode is based on frr fie for up converters fre fip for down converters The fixed IF measurement modes are for example useful for measurements on mix ers Note that fixed IF measurements are only possible if the R amp S FSW is equipped with the optional External Generator Control hardware For more information see chap ter 4 4 External Generator Control on page 29 Fixed LO frequency If you select one of the fixed LO measurement modes the LO frequency is the same for all entries in the frequency list The IF frequency for each entry is variable and is the result of the equation the selected mode is based on Tor flo for up converters fre fio for down converters The fixed LO measurement modes are for example required for measurements on satellite converters External Generator Control To perform fixed IF measurements with the Noise Figure application you have to install the optional External Generator Control hardware This option allows you to con t
218. ted which deter mines the measurement settings for that application The same application can be acti vated with different measurement settings by creating several channels for the same application The number of channels that can be configured at the same time depends on the avail able memory on the instrument Only one measurement can be performed at any time namely the one in the currently active channel However in order to perform the configured measurements consecu tively a Sequencer function is provided If activated the measurements configured in the currently active channels are per formed one after the other in the order of the tabs The currently active measurement is indicated by a symbol in the tab label The result displays of the individual channels are updated in the tabs as well as the MultiView as the measurements are per formed Sequential operation itself is independent of the currently displayed tab For details on the Sequencer function see the R amp S FSW User Manual 2 2 Understanding the Display Information The following figure shows the display as it looks for noise figure measurements All different information areas are labeled They are explained in more detail in the follow ing sections LIS NEM reg Multiview 13 Spectrum Ref bevel Auto y Att 1 Noise Figure Fig 2 1 Screen layout of the noise figure measurement application 1 Toolbar 2 Channel bar 3 Diagram header 4
219. ters Reference 1 to 16 Selects markers 1 to 16 as the reference FIXed Selects the fixed reference as the reference Example CALC DELT3 MREF 2 Specifies that the values of delta marker 3 are relative to marker 2 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt STATe State This command turns delta markers on and off If necessary the command activates the delta marker first No suffix at DELTamarker turns on delta marker 1 Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example CALC DELT2 ON Turns on delta marker 2 Manual operation See Marker Type on page 91 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt TRACe Trace This command selects the trace a delta marker is positioned on Note that the corresponding trace must have a trace mode other than Blank Working with Markers If necessary the command activates the marker first Parameters Trace Trace number the marker is assigned to Example CALC DELT2 TRAC 2 Positions delta marker 2 on trace 2 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt X Position This command moves a delta marker to a particular coordinate on the x axis If necessary the command activates the delta marker and positions a reference marker to the peak power Parameters Position Numeric value that defines the marker position on the x axis Range The value range and unit depend on the measure ment and scale of the x axis Example CALC DELT X Outputs the absolute x value of
220. the frequency at which the mixer switches from one range to the next if two different ranges are selected The handover frequency can be selected freely within the overlapping frequency range Remote command SENSe MIXer FREQuency HANDover on page 158 Band Defines the waveguide band or user defined band to be used by the mixer The start and stop frequencies of the selected band are displayed in the RF Start and RF Stop fields For a definition of the frequency range for the pre defined bands see table 7 3 The mixer settings for the user defined band can be selected freely The frequency range for the user defined band is defined via the harmonics configuration see Range 1 2 on page 72 Remote command SENSe MIXer HARMonic BAND VALue on page 159 Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S FSW RF Overrange If enabled the frequency range is not restricted by the band limits RF Start and RF Stop In this case the full LO range of the selected harmonics is used Remote command SENSe MIXer RFOVerrange STATe on page 163 Preset Band Restores the presettings for the selected band Note changes to the band and mixer settings are maintained even after using the PRESET function This function allows you to restore the original band settings Remote command SENSe MIXer HARMonic BAND PRESet on page 159 Mixer Type The External Mixer option supports the following external mixer types 2
221. the sum of all losses caused by the measurement equipment e g connectors cables or attenuators The loss may be constant or be based on a loss table If the loss is constant the same loss is used for all frequencies in the frequency table If you have selected a constant loss you can also define its value in the input field next to the radio button If the loss is based on a table the loss values are interpolated to the measurement fre quencies You can select a table from the dropdown menu next to the radio button if it is active For more information on loss tables see chapter 5 5 2 Using a Loss Table on page 57 Remote command Loss mode SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut MODE on page 132 Constant loss SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut SPOT on page 132 Select loss table SENSe CORRection LOSS OUTPut TABLe SELect on page 133 Using a Loss Table The Table Settings tab in the Loss Settings dialog box contains the functionality to create and edit loss tables Loss table contain the loss characteristics of additional frequency dependent equip ment in the test setup If you are using a loss table the loss values may be different on each frequency that is measured If the table does not contain a loss for one of the measurement frequencies the application will interpolate between values The Table Settings tab contains a list of loss tables currently available on the R amp S FSW and shows the tables you
222. tion provides a manual measurement mode This measure ment mode is automatically selected when you select a noise source with resistor char acteristics but is not restricted to those cases The manual measurement mode is available for measurements and the calibration stage Performing a manual measurement In manual measurement mode you have to measure or calibrate the hot an cold power characteristics of the DUT separately When you start the measurement the application opens a dialog box that allows you to select the type of measurement to perform next Measurement Modes Measure PHot Measure PCold Noise Source ON Noise Source OFF Note that it is recommended and in case of uncalibrated measurements required to begin with the hot power measurement o Recommended order of measurements Furthermore calibration always begins with the hot power measurement In case the hot power has to be measured first the cold power measurement is unavailable Clear Calibration Results Calibrate PHot Noise Source ON When the first measurement is done you can change the test setup by connecting the other resistor and start the seconds measurement hot or cold depending on which measurement you have done first In the dialog box the measurement stage that is already done is labeled green Clear Measurement Results Measure PCold Noise Source OFF In addition the application shows the missing calibration and me
223. to that of the current marker position For more information see chapter 4 1 3 Single Frequency Measurements on page 25 6 4 Limit Line Settings and Functions Access Overview gt Analysis gt Lines or LINES gt Line Config The noise figure measurement application supports up to eight active limit lines in each active measurement window Stored limit line settings When storing and recalling limit line settings consider the information provided in the Data Management chapter of the R amp S FSW User Manual e Limit me Mamnagetmefi ue cont ee nee cre e rec d eee trees ee dre edes 94 Lag dIhIIRICI NL 97 6 4 4 Limit Line Management Access Overview Analysis Lines Limit Lines or LINES gt Line Config gt Limit Lines Limit Line Settings and Functions Comment View Filter Show compatible Show lines for Noise For the limit line overview the R amp S FSW searches for all stored limit lines with the file extension LIN in the limits subfolder of the main installation folder The overview allows you to determine which limit lines are available and can be used for the current measurement For details on settings for individual lines see chapter 6 4 2 Limit Line Details on page 97 INIRE RTT 95 pM ee 95 penes n adts 95 MISIDIIEO EE 96 Traces to be Checked EE 96 COMMER EE 96 Show compatible limit er 96 Show lines for re 96 Create Hi 96 EGE
224. ts of a header and in most cases one or more parameters To use a command as a query you have to append a question mark after the last header element even if the command contains a parameter A header contains one or more keywords separated by a colon Header and parame ters are separated by a white space ASCII code 0 to 9 11 to 32 decimal e g blank If there is more than one parameter for a command these are separated by a comma from one another Only the most important characteristics that you need to know when working with SCPI commands are described here For a more complete description refer to the User Manual of the R amp S FSW QD 7 2 1 Remote command examples Note that some remote command examples mentioned in this general introduction may not be supported by this particular application Conventions used in Descriptions Note the following conventions used in the remote command descriptions e Command usage If not specified otherwise commands can be used both for setting and for querying parameters If a command can be used for setting or querying only or if it initiates an event the usage is stated explicitely Parameter usage If not specified otherwise a parameter can be used to set a value and it is the result of a query Parameters required only for setting are indicated as Setting parameters Parameters required only to refine a query are indicated as Query parameters User Manual 1173 9270 0
225. ts of a limit line lt n gt is irrelevant Parameters lt LimitLinePoints gt Variable number of x axis values Note that the number of horizontal values has to be the same as the number of vertical values set with CALCulate lt n gt LIMit k LOWer DATA or CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt UPPer DATA If not the R amp S FSW either adds missing val ues or ignores surplus values RST Usage SCPI confirmed Manual operation See Data points on page 98 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt CONTrol SHIFt lt Distance gt This command moves a complete limit line horizontally Compared to defining an offset this command actually changes the limit line definition points by the value you define lt n gt is irrelevant Parameters lt Distance gt Numeric value The unit depends on the scale of the x axis Manual operation See Shift x on page 98 Working with Limit Lines 7 17 3 Controlling Lower Limit Lines CALOCulate n LIMit k LOWer DATA 177 CALCCulatesn gt EE e e ell tau nean Tenue dua a on nua reor cune 177 Ee E EE e En KC KEE 177 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt LOWer DATA lt LimitLinePoints gt This command defines the vertical definition points of a lower limit line lt n gt is irrelevant Parameters lt LimitLinePoints gt Variable number of level values Note that the number of vertical values has to be the same as the number of horizontal values set with CALCulate lt n gt
226. u have to send some commands in a defined order 1 Select the limit line you want to configure by name or create a new limit line name 2 Select the result type you want to apply the limit line to Working with Limit Lines The application automatically selects the unit and scale to make the line compati ble to the result type 3 Define the horizontal data points of the limit line 4 Define the vertical data points of the limit line Depending on the command syntax you are using the shape also defines if the limit line is an upper or lower limit line CALCulate LIMit UPPer OrCALCulate LIMit LOWer Example Configure an upper limit line for the Noise Figure result type Select or create the limit line by name CALC LIM NAME NoiseFigure Comment on the limit line CALC LIM COMM Limit line to test noise figure results Select the result type here Noise Figure to apply the limit line to CALC LIM TYPE NOIS Define the horizontal data points of the limit line CALC LIM CONT 100MHZ 850MHZ Shift the limit line 50 MHz to the left CALC LIM CONT SHIF 50MHZ Define the vertical data points of an upper limit line The unit is fix according to the result type you have selected CALC LIM UPP 10 10 Shift the limit line 5 dB down CALC LIM UPP SHIF 5 Turn the limit line on CALC LIM UPP STAT ON Select the trace to check CALC LIM TRAC 1 Turn on the limit check CALC LIM STAT ON
227. uction in sensitivity is proportional to the change in bandwidth Increasing the bandwidth by a factor of 3 increases the displayed noise by approx 5 dB 4 77 dB precisely If the bandwidth is increased by a factor of 10 the displayed noise increases by a factor of 10 i e 10 dB The higher spectral resolution with smaller bandwidths is won by longer sweep times for the same span The sweep time has to allow the resolution filters to settle during a Sweep at all signal levels and frequencies to be displayed If the RBW is too large signal parts that are very far away e g from a different signal are considered in the measurement and distort the results The displayed noise increa Ses If the RBW is too small the measurement time increases 4 8 Analyzing Several Traces Trace Mode The trace mode determines the way the data is processed and displayed The applica tion provides the following trace modes Table 4 1 Overview of available trace modes Trace Mode Description Blank Hides the selected trace Clear Write Overwrite mode the trace is overwritten by each sweep This is the default setting View The current contents of the trace memory are frozen and displayed O Each time the trace mode is changed the selected trace memory is cleared The default trace mode for the first trace is Clear Write For trace 2 4 the deafult trace mode is Blank If you require another mode you have to set it manually
228. ue and not a particular measurement point This means that during continuous measurements the marker remains on the index value you have put it on and will not move down the line with the results To move a marker you can use several methods e Enter a particular measurement frequency in the input field that opens when you activate a marker e Move the marker around with the rotary knob or the cursor keys e Drag the marker around using the touchscreen All markers can be used either as normal markers or delta markers A normal marker indicates the absolute signal value at the defined position in the diagram A delta IESSE User Manual 1173 9270 02 13 37 R amp S FSW K30 Measurement Basics marker indicates the value of the marker relative to the specified reference marker by default marker 1 D3 1 0 08 dB 200 0000000 MHz M1 1 3 24 dB 400 0000000 MHz Start 100 0 MHz The application always positions the marker on the trace with the lowest number that is in Clear Write trace mode To set the marker on another trace use the Marker to Trace function With this function you can also position a marker on a trace that is in View trace mode e g to compare measurement results Note that at least one active marker has to be a normal marker P 3 M2 2 2 98 dB 500 0000000 MHz M1 1 3 23 dB 500 0000000 MHz Start 100 0 MHz The application shows the results at the marker position directly in the diagram area
229. ure GENeratorNUTialse IMMedate lnenad 167 SYSTem CONFigure GENerator SWITch AUTO oxSTemiPRESeECHANtnel EXEGUte icona trt epe epo teet E Berk XE Y xx EATE ere Ek ee GEES SYSTEM SEQUONCEM avarasso tpu Ee me Re DATATA 116 Index Symbols 2nd stage correctlolr socie otc tiet Enid 33 59 A Aborting KU eet icd 67 68 AC DC COUPING icti eege reegt 69 ATLGMUALION E 61 Auto ID steet MIXET a oci i ceret etr eben eie 74 External Mixer Remote control 161 Threshold External Mixer remote control ns Threshold External Mixer AAA 75 Auto level range or rcr t rere trien 61 Averages 59 B Band Conversion loss table renes 78 External MIXET ze gees cutiveresectiaatesaasne cede ccxanussvaiees 71 72 External Mixer Remote control 159 Bandwidth FRESOIUTIOM Ee 36 59 Bias Conversion loss table ssssssessssss 75 78 Exteirial MIXGt c esee traer te iint 75 External Mixer Remote control 158 C AMID TATION E 33 59 68 Capture time see also Measurement me srssorerarsineirseens 137 Center frequency NGAI a t ulcere DEM ID eae TET Closing Channels remote Windows remote Comment Bd ua EE 97 Compatibility Bd HE 95 Continuous sweep leds 67 Conventions SCPI commands 100 Co
230. uring the calibration Saving calibration data If you save the current configuration or measurement results to a data set calibration data is part of that data set For more information on saving and restoring data sets see chapter Storing and Recalling Instrument Settings and Measurement Data in the user manual of the R amp S FSW The picture below shows a typical calibration setup that includes a noise source Tas saese o lli O og Fig 4 1 Noise figure calibration setup 1 Connect the noise source directly and without a cable to the RF input of the ana lyzer 2 Connect the noise source to the 28 V voltage supply Noise Source interface on the back of the R amp S FSW To connect the noise source to the voltage supply you need a coaxial cable After you have set up calibration there are several ways to start calibration e Inthe Noise Overview dialog box press the Calibrate button e Inthe Sweep menu press the Calibrate softkey R amp S FSW K30 Measurement Basics 4 7 Separating Signals by Selecting an Appropriate Reso lution Bandwidth The resolution bandwidth defines the 3 dB bandwidth of the resolution filter to be used An RF sinusoidal signal is displayed according to the passband characteristic of the resolution filter RBW i e the signal display reflects the shape of the filter The highest sensitivity is obtained at the smallest bandwidth 1 Hz If the bandwidth is increased the red
231. urns it into a normal marker Note that markers have to be positioned on a discrete frequency that is part of the fre quency list If you set the marker on a frequency not included in the frequency list the application positions the marker to the nearest frequency in the list rounding up or down Parameters Position Numeric value that defines the marker position on the x axis The unit is Hz Range The range depends on the current x axis range Example CALC MARK2 X 1 7MHz Positions marker 2 to frequency 1 7 MHz CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt Y Result This command queries the position of a marker on the y axis If necessary the command activates the marker first To get a valid result you have to perform a complete measurement with synchroniza tion to the end of the measurement before reading out the result This is only possible for single sweep mode See also INITiate lt n gt CONTinuous on page 147 Working with Markers Parameters Result Selects the result CPCold Queries calibration power cold results CPHot Queries calibration power hot results CYFactor Queries calibration y factor results GAIN Queries gain reuslts NOISe Queries noise figure results NUNCertainty Queries the noise figure uncertainty results PCOLd Queries power cold results PHOT Queries power hot results TEMPerature Queries noise temperature results YFACtor Queries y factor results Return values Re
232. us line RF OVLD or IF OVLD To avoid an overload during calibration or measurement check and adjust the DUT gain settings check and adjust the ENR settings or increase the reference level R amp S FSW K30 Measurements and Result Displays 3 Measurements and Result Displays The R amp S FSW K30 measures the noise figure of a DUT and displays the results graphically and numerically Each graphical result display shows the noise figure from a different perspective that may be relevant In the default configuration the application shows the Noise Figure of the DUT the Gain of the DUT and the corresponding Y Fac tor In addition it shows the numerical results of the measurement Noise Ref Level Auto 53 08 dBm RBW 3MHz ENR Table NCS SNE413 Mode Direct tt Do SWT 300 ms 2nd Stage Corr On AVG 1 Calibration Data 2011 10 04 11 16 1 Noise Figure 1Cirw 2 Gain Start 100 0 MHz 10 pts 90 0 MHz RF Stop 1 0 GHz Start 100 0 MHz 10 pts 90 0 MHz RF Stop 1 0 GHz 3 Y Factor 1 CW Result Table RF Noise Gain Y Factor MH 11 d Uu 14 dE Mt Mt MH MH MH MH j j jB jg 1 i j Start 100 0 MHZ 10 pts 90 0 MHz RF Stop 1 0 GHz The scale of the horizontal axis depends on the tuning mode Frequency list and swept measurements In all graphical result displays the horizontal axis represents the frequency The dis played frequency is either the RF radio frequency or the IF intermediate frequency
233. ve selected a noise source with resistor char acteristics with SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TYPE Parameters Temperature Example Manual operation Temperature in degrees Kelvin RST 77K CORR ENR TYPE RES CORR ENR SPOT COLD 100 Defines a cold temperature of 100 K See Measurement on page 51 SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement SPOT HOT lt Temperature gt This command defines a constant temperature of a resistor supplied with power Thot used during measurements The command is available when you have selected a noise source with resistor char acteristics with SENSe CORRection ENR MEASurement TYPE Parameters Temperature Example Manual operation Temperature in degrees Kelvin RST 77K CORR ENR TYPE RES CORR ENR SPOT HOT 300 Defines a cold temperature of 300 K See Measurement on page 51 T 10 Configuring Additional Loss SENSe CORRection TEMPerature Temperature This command defines the room temperature of the measurement environment The temperature is taken into account when calculating noise results Parameters Temperature Range 278 15 to 318 15 RST 293 Default unit K Example CORR TEMP 291 50 Specifies a room temperature of 291 50 Kelvin 18 5 C Manual operation See Temperature on page 52 Configuring Additional Loss The following commands are necessary to defin
234. vel is on the application performs a measure ment to determine the ideal reference level The time of this measurement depends on the state of the 2nd Stage Correction e 2nd Stage Correction is on The application determines the reference level before the calibration starts The reference level is based on several test measurements on the start frequency For more information see Auto Level Range on page 61 2nd Stage Correction is off Configuring the Analyzer The application determines the reference level before the measurement begins The reference level is based on the measurement of the first frequency that is measured After this measurement is done the application resumes the measure ment If manual selection of the reference level is on you can define the reference level in the corresponding input field Note Reference level Even for DUTs with a high ripple frequency response it might be useful to enter the reference level manually because determining the reference level automatically might not always result in optimal settings Remote command Manual reference level DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe RLEVel on page 134 Automatic reference level DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe RLEVel AUTO on page 134 Auto Level Range Defines the maximum expected gain of the DUT The application uses the auto level range to determine the reference level automati
235. w entry is inserted above the selected entry The position of the new entry is selected such that it divides the span to the previous entry in half Delete Value Deletes the currently selected position value entry 5 9 3 5 9 3 1 Configuring Inputs and Outputs of the R amp S FSW Shift x Shifts all positions in the table by a specific value The value can be entered in the edit dialog box The conversion loss function in the preview pane is shifted along the x axis Shift y Shifts all conversion loss values by a specific value The value can be entered in the edit dialog box The conversion loss function in the preview pane is shifted along the y axis Save The conversion loss table is stored under the specified name in the C r_s instr user cv1 directory of the instrument External Generator e Interface Configuration Gettinges 80 e Measurement Corfigtallpn cce terre retta tei atte bd etia e dins 82 Interface Configuration Settings The interface settings for the connection to the external generator are defined in the Interface Configuration subtab of the External Generator tab PRW Input Source Power Sensor External Generator Probes Interface Settings Source Capabilities Measurement Configuration Generator Type Frequency Min Interface Interface Frequency Max Configuration TTL Handshake Level Min Source Calibration GPIB Address 28 Level Max Reference Edit Generator Setup File
236. waveguide band for which the conversion loss table is to be used This setting is checked against the current mixer setting before the table can be assigned to the range Before this command can be performed the conversion loss table must be selected see SENSe CORRection CVL SELect on page 157 This command is only available with option B21 External Mixer installed Parameters Band K A KA Q U VJE W F D G Y J USER Standard waveguide band or user defined band Note The band formerly referred to as A is now named KA the input parameter A is still available and refers to the same band as KA For a definition of the frequency range for the pre defined bands see table 7 3 RST F 90 GHz 140 GHz Example CORR CVL SEL LOSS TAB 4 Selects the conversion loss table CORR CVL BAND KA Sets the band to KA 26 5 GHz 40 GHz Manual operation See Band on page 78 SENSe CORRection CVL BIAS lt BiasSetting gt This command defines the bias setting to be used with the conversion loss table Before this command can be performed the conversion loss table must be selected see SENSe CORRection CVL SELect on page 157 This command is only available with option B21 External Mixer installed Parameters lt BiasSetting gt numeric value RST 0 0A Default unit A Example CORR CVL SEL LOSS TAB Ai Selects the conversion loss table CORR CVL BIAS 3A Manual operation See Write to
237. x 1 4 Specifies the conversion loss table mix_1_4 Manual operation See Conversion loss on page 73 SENSe MIXer LOSS LOW Average This command defines the average conversion loss to be used for the entire low first range Parameters Average numeric value Range 0 to 100 RST 24 0 dB Default unit dB Example MIX LOSS 20dB Manual operation See Conversion loss on page 73 Configuring the Inputs and Outputs SENSe MIXer PORTSs lt PortType gt This command specifies whether the mixer is a 2 port or 3 port type Parameters lt PortType gt 2 3 RST 2 Example MIX PORT 3 Manual operation See Mixer Type on page 72 SENSe MIXer RFOVerrange STATe State If enabled the band limits are extended beyond RF Start and RF Stop due to the capabilities of the used harmonics Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Manual operation See RF Overrange on page 72 SENSe MIXer THReshold Value This command defines the maximum permissible level difference between test sweep and reference sweep to be corrected during automatic comparison see SENSe MIXer SIGNal on page 161 Parameters Value numeric value Range 0 1 dB to 100 dB RST 10 dB Example MIX PORT 3 Manual operation See Auto ID Threshold on page 75 SENSe MIXer STATe State Activates or deactivates the use of a connected external mixer as input for the mea surement This command is o
238. xt minimum value The search includes only measurement values to the right of the current marker posi tion Usage Event Manual operation See Search Next Minimum on page 94 7 18 5 Working with Markers CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum PEAK This command moves a marker to the minimum level If the marker is not yet active the command first activates the marker Usage Event Manual operation See Search Minimum on page 93 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum RIGHt This command moves a marker to the next minimum value The search includes only measurement values to the right of the current marker posi tion Usage Event Manual operation See Search Next Minimum on page 94 Positioning Delta Markers If you are using more than one window the application performs the peak search in the window that you have selected with the suffix at CALCulate only Because the mark ers are linked the frequency position of the marker in the other windows is adjusted accordingly even if it means that the marker is on a peak in the selected window only CAL Culate nz DEL Tamarkercmz M AimumlEEFT anoi aaa iapa aana 190 CAL Culate nz DEL TamarkercmzMAximumNENT 190 CALOCulate n DELTamarker m MAXimum PEAK cessisse 191 CAL Culate nz DEL TamarkercmzM AimumbRlcGHt esent 191 CAL Culate nz DEL Tamarkermz MiNimum LEET 191 CAL Culate nz DEL Tamarkercmz MiNimumNENT 191 CALOCulate n DELTa
239. y The number of displayed results depends on the number of measurement points you have defined For more information see chapter 3 Measurements and Result Displays on page 15 In addition you can also view the results in the Result Table in numerical form Single frequency measurements are not available when you are using a resistor as a noise source Measurement Modes In some cases the Power Hot and Power Cold results require two different noise sources with different temperature characteristics cold and hot An example are mea surements with a resistor that is used as a noise source Usually noise sources with diode characteristics are used for Noise Figure measure ments These noise sources have two states on and off When they are supplied with power state on the application measures the hot power when they are not sup plied with power state off it measures the cold power Turning the noise source on and off is automatically done by the application so that you can get the hot and cold power characteristics in a single step This automatic measurement mode is the default measurement mode of the Noise Figure Measurements application When you are using resistor as a noise source however this is not possible because two resistors one hot and one cold are required and you have to substitute the hot resistor with the cold resistor to measure the hot and cold power respectively For these cases the applica

R&S®FSW-K30 Noise Figure User Manual

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R&amp;S&reg;FSW-K30 Noise Figure User Manual

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R&S®FSW-K30 Noise Figure User Manual