UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Contents
1. Items Add 2400 Items Add 4800 Items Add 9600 Items Add 14400 Items Add 19200 Items Add 38400 Items Add 57600 Items Add 115200 End With cboBaudRate SelectedIndex cboBaudRate FindString CType objSMS BaudRate Integer ToString chkNewMsglndication Checked True chkNewMsglndication Enabled False End Sub Private Sub cmdConnect_Click ByVal sender As System Object ByVal e As System EventArgs Handles cmdConnect Click Try If cboPort SelectedIndex 0 Then MsgBox Select a serial port MsgBoxStyle Critical srMyAppName Exit Sub End If 57 58 cmdConnect Text Please Wait cmdConnect Enabled False cmdDisconnect Enabled False SetCommParameters If objSMS Connect Then cmdConnect Enabled False cmdDisconnect Enabled True objSMS MessageMemory mCore MessageMemory SM MsgBox Connection successful MsgBoxStyle Information strMyAppName Else MsgBox Connection error MsgBoxStyle Critical ssrMyAppName cmdConnect Enabled True cmdDisconnect Enabled False End If Catch ex As mCore GeneralException MsgBox ex Message MsgBoxStyle Critical sttMyAppName Exit Try Catch ex As Exception MsgBox ex Message MsgBoxStyle Critical srMyAppName 59 Exit Try End Try Try cmdConnect Text Connect If objSMS IsConnected Then cmdConnect Enabled False cmdDisconnect Enabled True Else cmdConnect Enabled True cmdDisconnect Enabled False2. Digital Alternate Current Analog to Digital Conversion Attention Carbon Monoxide Communication Port Central Processing Unit Direct Current Dynamic Link Library Department of Environment Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory Environmental Quality Act Running Executable Program Final Year Project 1 Final Year Project 2 Gross Domestic Product Global Packet Radio Service Global Positioning System Global System for Mobile Communication Graphical User Interface Hexadecimal Input Output Integrated Circuit ICSP ID LCD LED M2M MCU MHz OOP PDU PIC PIN ppm RAM RFID RL ROM SIM SMS UART UCS2 USB VC VH WAP xiv In Circuit Serial Programming Identification Liquid Crystal Display Light Emitting Diode Machine to Machine Microcontroller Mega Hertz Object Oriented Programming Protocol Data Unit Peripherals Interface Controller Personal Identification Number Part Per Million Random Access Memory Radio Frequency Identification Load Resistor Read Only Memory Subscriber Identity Module Short Message Service Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter 2 byte Universal Character Set Universal Serial Bus Volt Circuit Voltage Heater Voltage Wireless Application Protocol APPENDIX w LIST OF APPENDICES TITLE TGS2600 User Manual PIC16F877A Source Code Microsoft Visual Basic 2008 source code XV PAGE 50 52 56 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 Background Malay
3. Example of AT Command PAGE 19 FIGURE NO 1 1 2 1 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 3 10 3 11 3 12 3 13 3 14 3 15 3 16 3 17 3 18 3 19 3 20 3 21 LIST OF FIGURES TITLE Flowchart of the project Toxic and Hazardous Waste Management Process PIC 16F877A pin diagram Figaro TGS 2600 Gas Sensor Gas Sensor Circuit Connection Standard Package of iTegno 3832 Modem PIC Starter Kit SK40C 16x2 LCD Schematic for LCD Connection UART to RS232 Converter Schematic Diagram UART to RS232 Converter MicroC Pro Software Interface PICkit 2 Programmer Software Flowchart of GUI Application COM port error message box PIN error message box Please Wait sign at connect button Successful Connection message box GUI Application Main Form System Architecture The mCoreLib dll reference The mCore SMS library defined Function to read message from mobile phone xi PAGE 11 22 23 24 25 27 28 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 34 35 35 36 37 38 38 39 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 The Flowchart of the system Sensor output before toxic detected Sensor output after toxic detected GSM Modem output before data is send GSM Modem output when data is send Message Box of GUI Application xli 4l 42 42 43 43 44 3G A D AC ADC AT CO COM CPU DC DLL DOE EEPROM EQA EXE FYPI FYP2 GDP GPRS GPS GSM GUI HEX I O IC xiii LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Third Generation Analog to
4. Hazardous waste management current status and future strategies in Malaysia International Journal of Environmental Engineering vol 2 pp 139 158 2010 Zarith Sofia Suraya Bt Hj Bakeri Toxic Gas Release Alarm System Using PIC Microcontroller 2010 UTM Skudai Johor Bahru Mohd Fandy Bin Ya Rahim Smart Management Parking System 2010 UTM Skudai Johor Bahru 10 11 12 13 14 15 49 Mohamad Saiful Islam Bin Aziz Smart Communication Using Radio Frequency Identification and GPRS Modem 2011 UTM Skudai Johor Bahru Joseph Wang Kim Rogers 1995 Electrochemical sensors for environmental monitoring a review of recent technology Las Vegas USA U S Environmental Protection Agency Dogan Ibrahim 2001 PIC Basic Programming amp Projects New York USA McGraw Hill Companies Inc Delphian Detection Technology Sensor Technology Electrochemical Sensors http www delphian com electrochemical 20sensors htm Industrial Scientific Electrochemical Sensors http www indsci com Elec trochemicalSensor Figaro USA Inc TGS 2600 sensors datasheets and application notes 2009 Wise Geek What is a GSM Modem http www wisegeek com what is a gsm modem htm iWOW Connections Pte Ltd iTegno 3832 GPRS Modem Hardware User Guide 2008 Cytron Technologies SK40C enhanced 40 pin PIC starter up kit User s Manual Malaysia 2009 16 Texas Instrument MAX
5. System Using PIC Microcontroller by ZARITH SOFIA SURAYA BT HJ BAKERI 2 6 2 Smart Management Parking System by MOHD FANDY BIN YA RAHM 2 6 3 Smart Communication Using Radio Frequency Identification and GPRS Modem by MOHAMAD SAIFUL ISLAM BIN AZIZ Summary of Previous Related Projects Short Message Service SMS Electrochemical Gas Sensor AT Command Microsoft Visual Basic 2008 DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEM 3 1 3 2 3 3 Hardware Development 3 1 1 PIC Microcontroller 16F877A 3 1 2 Figaro TGS 2600 Electrochemical Gas Sensor 3 1 3 iTegno 3832 GSM Modem 3 1 4 Mobile Phone 3 1 5 SK40C 3 1 6 16x2 Liquid Crystal Display LCD 3 1 7 UART to RS232 Converter Software Development 3 2 1 PIC Microcontroller Programming 3 2 1 1 MikroC Pro 3 2 1 2 PICkit 2 3 2 2 GUI Application Programming 3 2 2 1 Microsoft Visual Basic 2008 System Integration viii 12 13 13 14 14 14 15 16 17 17 18 19 21 21 21 23 24 26 26 27 29 30 30 30 32 32 33 36 ix 3 3 1 Mobile Phone with Visual Basic 2008 37 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 40 4 1 Background of Result 40 4 2 System Flowchart 40 4 3 Output of System 42 43 1 Sensor Output 42 43 2 GSM Modem Output 43 4 3 3 GUI Application Result 44 44 Problem Encountered and Solution 44 5 CONCLUSION 46 5 1 Conclusion 46 5 2 Recommendation 47 REFERENCES 48 APPENDICES 50 62 TABLE NO 1 1 1 2 2 1 LIST OF TABLES TITLE FYP1 Gantt chart FYP2 Gantt chart
6. active users using SMS services via their mobile phones SMS is an application data that most widely used in the world SMS technology used today has greatly assisted in the advancement and the growth of communication systems in the world SMS in the first place is designed as part of the GSM but is currently available on various networks including 3G networks However not all text messaging systems use SMS An SMS consist a maximum of 140 bytes 1120 bits of data that is 160 characters when the 7 bit character encoding is used The 7 bit characters are suitable for encoding Latin characters like English letters Furthermore one SMS may also include up to 70 characters if 16 bit Unicode UCS2 character encoding is used Almost all wireless carriers provide a cheap SMS message services Unlike SMS not all mobile phone models provide mobile technologies such as WAP and Java 2 9 Electrochemical Gas Sensor The electrochemical sensors have been widely used in the chemical and biomedical sensing element as a whole or part Electrochemical sensor can generally be split into the conductivity capacitance potentiometric amperometric and voltammetric sensors The amperometric and voltammetric sensors are characterized by their current potential relationship with the electrochemical system and are less well defined Amperometric sensors can also be viewed as a subclass of voltammetric sensors 18 Electrochemical sensor used an arrangement of
7. and software to integrate with each other for the system to work 37 Monitoring System Detection System Figure 3 18 System Architecture 331 Mobile Phone with Visual Basic 2008 The monitoring system demand mobile phone with Visual Basic 2008 interface This interface is performed by using a dynamic link library DLL that act as a reference for Visual Basic 2008 A dynamic link library DLL is a collection of small programs which can be called upon when needed by the running executable program EXE The DLL lets the program to communicate with a specific device connected to the computer COM port to do a particular function This project uses the mCoreLib dll as reference file The mCoreLib dll is an ActiveX SMS Component that will enable applications to send and receive SMS with robust and user friendly advantages It can be used with any GSM modem or mobile phone connected to the computer COM port using a data cable The mCoreLib dll reference is add in Visual Basic 2008 as shown in Figure 3 19 38 Add Reference L9 om NET com Projects Browse Recent Component Name Version Runtime Path a lEExecRemote 2 0 0 0 v2 0 50727 C Windows 1 IEHost 2 0 0 0 v20 50727 C Windows TEHost 2 0 0 0 v2 0 50727 C Windows Interop Windowslnstaller 1 0 0 0 v2 0 50727 C Program ISymWrapper 2 0 0 0 v2 0 50727 C Windows _mCore NET SMS Library 1 2 1 2390 v20 50727__C Program
8. at standard tes conditions see dependency characteristics Again the Y axis is indicated as reverse side of this sheet The Y axis is ndcated as sensor sensor resestance ratoiRwRo defined as follows resistance rate Rural which is defined as follows Rs Sensor resistance in fresh sir Fis Dentor resistence in displayed ces at at various lemperaiures humidities various concentrators Ro Censor resistance in fresh air Ro Sensor resistance in fresh air at 20 C and 48 R H Sema Weistanie Kato Ob Kot Sreser Reusbesor Ratio Iso mJ t0 2 10 20 40 5 Oa C oricneration ppr Aib Tengano CC OPERATING CONDITIONS N AMICH FIGAR SENSORS ARE USED WILL VARY WITH EACH CUSTOMERS BPECIEIG APPLICATIONS FIGARO STRONGLY RECS UNENDS CORBULTING CUR TEC ROCA STAFF BEFORE DEPLOYING FAGAN SEER N YOUR APRU CA TION UND IM PARTICIN Af HEN CUSTOMERS TARGET ONSED ARE NOT LIS TED MERSIN FIGARO CANNOT ARGUIUE ANT IESCRPONS SERE ITY FOR ANT UGE OF PTS SENSORS ih A PROGUCT OR APPLICATION FOR ICH SENSOR HAS NOT BEEN SPECIFICALLY TESTED BY FIGARO Bos Meaning Cimui The rasa requires ten vologe ipata Facer endang d ad cirzuk vitega Cec Ther male wihaya amp aca prend ba Eta ithgeated hanter n order te maiten te senaing elenvend a pack terserah sihh m ostima for seeking Olrik sedang Dio d EO SE DEER DISSE FSR lel a adn ge agus wore i oad master fl which EEN saiga wiU ihe senii OS meg m required
9. for fa circu Specifications volage arca tha eager aan polaritz A Conon piser Supply rue Des wowed on Lele card Vr ku folii ua sensors electicel weqairenvenis The valau cf imho Fist be dhasan te atre Hee a Lr nd oie bal vale om pag per upon Ps wf bre gbami seler ru ni Poor ceansumplicn Pal wi ze light telan Dri veue of Fa d sequel bo Mh on apaku t2 gas Tenggat yams Tapas al aar ber rafya Stirdard dreit cmdline Esci hero he ii urim almejar farsi ood Boe The values of power consumo peor Psi can ba caluated by utliznia tha follwing famili a cendana UH b pan 2v DA Sa BEE Pata exon MAL al pooen ben p Fa fond rama ar wi Dire OR RH Vite DHOIT DC Vw ORY DC Sensor mesin Ra cak ed wen a measured vals of Wout bi ur tha Tekan rrua AST I ji y eo ae 51 chiate mama EJ BET Akia vicus redo TRE a 005 Bera ne LS sela Su i fa E VN T V E Fin correction 1c Heater 2 Sensor electrode sh 3 Bene electrode s Heater Fidi USA INC Jano Wee Loko Ara Tube HOS psa Uns Rs MOOR gy irie Meas 5035 Ri LLL Phones AIO Fen Len pe 700 areal Ig un aan con For nkamaton on warrant akeas petes to Stancond Tris and Candi of Scie 31 Foro USA Ing Eki FI APPENDIX B PIC16F877A Source Code define SW1 PORTB FO define SW2 PORTB F1 output LED define LED1 PORTB F6 define LED2 PORTB F7 LCD definition sbit LCD R
10. location NO Figure 4 1 The Flowchart of the system 42 4 3 Output of System 4 3 1 Sensor Output The electrochemical sensor used in this project need at least 5V of voltage input to be implemented properly Wheatstone bridge principle is used in this sensor to calculate the output voltage across load resistor The output voltage of the sensor in normal condition when there is no toxic gas detected is around 3 5V It will then increase rapidly when a toxic gas is detected In this project lighter which contain butane gas is used as the toxic gas The output before and after toxic is detected is shown in Figure 4 2 and 4 3 Figure 4 2 Sensor output before toxic detected Figure 4 3 Sensor output after toxic detected 43 4 3 2 GSM Modem Output When there is no toxic detected by the system there is no data sent to the GSM modem by the PIC microcontroller as shown in Figure 4 4 When there is toxic detected the PIC microcontroller will communicate with GSM modem by ordering the modem to send a SMS indicating the address of the factory that disposed the toxic waste Figure 4 5 shows a pulse representing the SMS being sent by the GSM modem Figure 4 5 GSM Modem output when data is send 4 3 3 GUI Application Result The SMS sent by the detection system will be received by the monitoring system which will be display on the GUI application of the system The mobile phone connected to the computer will received the
11. of GSM modem that can be use in the market today In this project the iTegno 3832 GSM modem is used as a transmitter for the wireless communication It is specifically ideal for reliable communication over 25 GPRS and GSM for corporate and industrial usage and can be deployed in various Machine to Machine M2M applications This modem has many advantages that will benefit consumers particularly in the industries One of the advantages is that it has a wide selection of interface which is designed so that it can provide connectivity to any application of machine to machine M2M In this case the project use RS232 interface to facilitate communication between the microcontroller and the modem Another advantage of this modem is that it has an external antenna where this features can improve the sensitivity and flexibility for industrial aid application for installation in remote areas 14 The modem is free from battery supply demand because power is supplied from external power source which is AC supply thus it maintains a process without interference with other power supply from other circuit and components Figure 3 4 shows the standard package of iTegno 3832 modem Figure 3 4 Standard Package of iTegno 3832 Modem 26 3 1 4 Mobile Phone The project uses GSM technology which is widely used in today mobile phones Mobile phones work by connecting to a wireless communication network provided by mobile phone operators via radi
12. of every component tools and instruments that will be used for the project including the sensor PIC microcontroller and wireless GSM Modem On this part the proposed system is design reviewed and understood more deeply in order to facilitate the future installation work Software research is also similarly done to increase the understanding and avoid many mistakes during the programming process On the implementation of hardware and software part after purchasing all the components for the project the project development will preceded by installing the hardware according to the designed system All the software will also be implemented to control the system and to create the project GUI eventually to complete the project The most important stage to ensure the success of the project is the final methodology which testing of hardware and software The system will be tested on its effectiveness and any hardware or software errors will be repaired and improved to enable the project worked as well as it has been proposed After completing all the processes the project is ready and prepared to be use in the detecting of illegal toxic waste disposal by the industries 1 7 Thesis Outline This thesis consists of five chapters Chapter 1 covers the project background problem statements objectives project scope project planning and methodology Information collected throughout the two semesters for the project from literature review is wri
13. the products remain competitive Some improvements can be made on this project to maximize its performance and overcome the limitations as well as providing greater benefits to users The industrial illegal toxic waste via smart detection system can be enhanced by using GPS technology for its wireless communication This GPS technology will ensure that the location of illegal disposal of toxic waste incident can be specified more accurate without requiring any use of SMS to find out the address of the industries Improvements are also needed in the use of this project to allow only one system needed to detect illegal dumping of toxic waste activities for the area around without requiring the installation of many similar systems in one area 48 REFERENCES Abdul Rashid etc Tllegal dumping of hazardous waste in Malaysia assessing based on implementation and compliance of environmental quality act 1974 and the regulations Proceedings of 3 International World Engineering Congress FIECC 2007 2007 Ministry of Finance Malaysia 2011 Keluaran Dalam Negeri Kasar Mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi Pada Harga Malar 2000 http www treasury gov my pdf e konomi le 1011 jp2 3 pdf Keng L H Scheduled waste management regulations 2005 Waste Management Conference and Exhibition ENSEARCH Nikko Hotel Kuala Lumpur 13 15 November pp 1 7 2006 A B A Z A Rashid M J Aris M El Harbawi N A Rahman A M Som
14. 00 PORTD F3 PORTD F2 PORTD F1 PORTD FO 0 LED1 LED2 0 Lcd Cmd LCD CLEAR clearing LCD Lcd Cmd LCD CURSOR OFF 54 55 UART1_Write_Text AT CMGF 1 Anitialize gsm to send sms by words while UART1_Tx_IdleQ 0 UART1_Write enter while UART1_Tx_Idle 0 delay_ms 150 void sms char num char txt UARTI1_Write_Text AT CMGS send SMS UARTI Write 0x22 IN UART1_Write_Text num phone number to be sent UART1_Write 0x22 UART1_Write enter delay_ms 1000 wait for gsm respons UART1_Write_Text txt text to be sent UARTI Write 0x1A ctrl z Lcd Cmd LCD CLEAR Lcd Out 1 1 Sending SMS To Lcd Out 2 4 num delay ms 3000 Lcd Cmd LCD CLEAR 56 APPENDIX C Microsoft Visual Basic 2008 source code Public Class frmMain Private WithEvents objSMS As New mCore SMS Private strMyAppName As String Connection Status Private blnFormLoaded As Boolean False Private Sub frmMain FormClosed ByVal sender As Object ByVal e As System Windows Forms FormClosedEventArgs Handles Me FormClosed obj S MS Dispose objSMS Nothing End Sub Private Sub frmMain_Load ByVal sender As System Object ByVal e As System EventArgs Handles MyBase Load Dim i As Integer cboPort Items Add Select Port For i 1 To 50 cboPort Items Add COM amp i ToString Next cboPort SelectedIndex 0 With cboBaudRate Items Add 110 Items Add 300 Items Add 1200
15. 0C 3 1 6 16x2 Liquid Crystal Display LCD Liquid crystal display shown in Figure 3 6 functions as the output of the microcontroller It is used to display a word or number depending on project needs Value of 2 for 2x16 means two lines that can be displayed the word or number while 16 denotes the number of data pins which is used to interface the microcontroller 28 Figure 3 6 16x2 LCD For this project LCD is connected to SK40C to display the percentage of output voltage when toxic waste is detected It also shows the user the operating status of the system The LCD uses low power and makes it easy for interface between the PIC microcontrollers Figure 3 7 shows the connection between SK40C and LCD Vss Vee BS RW E DBO DBI DE2 DBS DB4 DES DBE DBT Tat LzD LCD DISPLAY Figure 3 7 Schematic for LCD Connection 29 3 1 7 UART to RS232 Converter PIC Microcontroller used UART signal while GSM Modem used RS232 signal RS232 signal voltage is 15V to 15 V while the UART signal voltage is OV to 5V Logic high or 1 for RS232 is 15V to 3V logic low or 0 for RS232 is 3V to 15V Logic high or 1 for the UART is 2V to 5V while logic low or 0 for the UART is OV to 0 8V The difference signals used by the two devices caused it to be not applicable for a direct connection To overcome this signal inequality a UART to RS232 converter is used for this project The main component of the UART to Serial
16. 232 DUAL EIA 232 DRIVERS RECEIVERS 2004 50 APPENDICES APPENDIX A TGS2600 User Manual FIGARO PRODUCT INFORMATION TGS 2600 for the detection of Air Contaminants Features Applications Low power consumption Air cleaners High sensitivity to gaseous air Ventilation control contaminants Air quality monitors Long life and low cost Uses simple electrical circuit Small size The sensing elementis comprised of a metal oxide semiconductor layer formed on an slumins substrate of a sensing chip together with an integrated heater In fe presence cf detectable gas the sentors conductivity increaces depending on the gas concentration i the air A simple electrical eret can Convert the change In conductivity to an output signal which corresponds to the gas concentration The TGS 2600 has high sensitivity to low concentrstoms of gaseous air contaminants such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide which exist in cgeretie smoke The sensor can delect hydrogen at a level of several ppm Figaro aiso offers a microprocessor FICS3619A which contains special software for handing the sensor s signal for appliance control applications Due to miniatunzaton cf the sensing chip TGS 2600 requres a heater current of only 42mA and the device Is housed in a standard TO 5 package The figure below represents typical sensityky characteristics The figure below represents typical temperatur and humidity aii data having been gathered
17. End If Catch ex As Exception End Try End Sub Private Sub cmdDisconnect_Click ByVal sender As System Object ByVal e As System EventArgs Handles cmdDisconnect Click cmdDisconnect Text Please Wait cmdDisconnect Enabled False cmdConnect Enabled False Try objSMS Disconnect cmdConnect Enabled True cmdDisconnect Enabled False Catch ex As mCore GeneralException MsgBox ex Message MsgBoxStyle Critical srMyAppName 60 Exit Try Catch ex As Exception MsgBox ex Message MsgBoxStyle Critical sttMyAppName Exit Try End Try cmdDisconnect Text Disconnect End Sub Private Sub objSMS_NewMessageReceived ByVal sender As Object ByVal e As mCore NewMessageReceivedEventArgs Handles objSMS NewMessageReceived New Message Indication Event Display the new message My Computer Audio Play My Resources Siren_Wav MP3_Sounds AudioPlayM ode Background MsgBox FROM amp e Phone amp vbCrLf amp vbCrLf amp DATE TIME amp e TimeStampRFC amp vbCrLf amp vbCrLf amp FACTORY ADDRESS amp vbCrLf amp e TextMessage MsgBoxStyle Information NEW MESSAGE RECEIVED Control CheckForlllegalCrossThreadCalls False Control CheckForlllegalCrossThreadCalls True End Sub Public Sub SetCommParameters Set communication parameters check if port is already connected Try If Not objSMS IsConnected And cboPort SelectedIndex gt 0 Then objSMS Port cboPort Text 61 objS
18. IN code before it can be applicable If the PIN number is not inserted in the PIN box provided in the application an error message is shown like in Figure 3 14 Connection Status X ERROR 2013 Blank PIN is not allowed Modem is waiting for PIN Figure 3 14 PIN error message box 35 After the three conditions are satisfied and the connect button is clicked the application will show Please Wait at the connect button indicate that the computer and mobile phone communication is being processed as shown in Figure 3 15 Eventually the mobile phone will be connected successfully with the GUI application while connection will fail if contrary A message box will appear as shown in Figure 3 16 when a successful connection has been made Figure 3 17 shows the main form for the GUI application ud TOXIC DETECTION REPORT Lo ae Figure 3 15 Please Wait sign at connect button Connection Status o Connection successful Figure 3 16 Successful Connection message box 36 ud TOXIC DETECTION REPORT Figure 3 17 GUI Application Main Form 3 3 System Integration In order to enable this project succeeded the project is divided into the detection system and monitoring system Integration between both systems especially the software and hardware integration is very important to enable the whole system to function properly The monitoring system is the most crucial because it involves the hardware
19. MR Request revision identification AT CGSN Product serial number ATD Dial command ATH Hang Up command AT CMGE Preferred message format AT CMGS Send message The AT command can be write and tested through the hyperterminal Before the writing of AT command the mobile has to be test in order to determine which type of SMS mode it is supporting The SMS mode is divided into 2 types one is called PDU mode and another is called text mode For PDU mode the message content that wish to send has to be converted to HEX code before sending process is made For text mode SMS can simply be the alphabet format that is written normally There are also mobile phones that support type of SMS mode Therefore it s easier if mobile phone that supports both modes is used 2 4 Microsoft Visual Basic 2008 Roughly there are hundreds of programming languages adopted by programmers today either amateur or professional Every language is applied to solve all sorts of problems Language which is considered as procedures such as BASIC C COBOL FORTRAN and Pascal can be classified as original or traditional language It is the language of procedures because the program that determines the correct sequence for all operations Further instructions for 20 implementation will be determined by the program logic in respond to condition and user demand C C and Visual BASIC is a new programming languages using two differen
20. MS BaudRate CType CInt cboBaudRate Text mCore BaudRate objSMS DataBits mCore DataBits Eight objSMS Parity mCore Parity None objSMS StopBits mCore StopBits One objSMS FlowControl mCore FlowControl RTS CTS objSMS PIN txtPIN Text End If Catch ex As mCore GeneralException MsgBox ex Message MsgBoxStyle Critical srMyAppName End Try End Sub Private Sub chkNewMsglIndication CheckedChanged ByVal sender As System Object ByVal e As System EventArgs Handles chkNewMsglIndication CheckedChanged Try chkNewMsglIndication Enabled False SetCommParameters objSMS NewMessagelIndication chkNewMsglIndication Checked Catch ex As mCore GeneralException chkNewMsglIndication Checked objSMS NewMessagelIndication Exit Try Catch ex As Exception Exit Try End Try chkNewMsglIndication Enabled True End Sub End Class 62
21. Microsoft Build Conversio 3 5 0 0 v2 0 50727 C Program Microsoft Build Engine 2 0 0 0 v2 0 50727 CAWindows Microsoft Build Engine 350 0 v20 50727 CAProgram Microsoft Build Framework 2 0 0 0 v2 0 50727 C Windows Microsoft Build Framework 3 5 0 0 v2 0 50727 CAProgram 4 m OK Cancel Figure 3 19 The mCoreLib dll reference Once the reference has been set up on the DLL file the declaration must be defined Figure 3 20 shown the functions are then similar to System IO Ports SerialPort but the manufacturer replaced the name as mCoreSMS The new message received is retrieved by using a special function by mCoreSMS and display in a message box Figure 3 21 shows the function used to display the new incoming message Functions e Phone e TimeStampRFC and e TextMessage displays the detection system phone number date and time of report and the factory address respectively Public Class frmMain Private WithEvents objSMS As New mCore SMS Private strMyAppName As String Connection Status Private blnFormLoaded As Boolean False Figure 3 20 The mCore SMS library defined 39 My Computer Audic Play My Resources Siren Wav MP3 Sounds AudioPlayMode Background MsgBox FROM amp e Phone amp vbCrLf amp vbCrLf amp DATE TIME amp e TimeStampRFC amp vbCrLf amp vbCrLf amp FACTORY ADDRESS amp vbCrLf amp e TextMessage MsgBoxStyle Information NEW MESSAGE RECEIVED Fi
22. PSZ 19 16 Pind 1 07 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA DECLARATION OF THESIS UNDERG RADUATE PROJ ECT PAPER AND COPYRIGHT Author s full name MUHAMMAD IZUAN BIN ABDULLAH Date of birth 27 MARCH 1988 Title INDUSTRIAL ILLEGAL TOXIC WASTE DISPOSAL VIA SMART DETECTION SYSTEM Academic Sesson 2011 2012 declare that this thesis isc lassified as CONHDENTAL Contains confidential information under the Official Secret Act 1972 RESTRICTED Contains restricted information asspecified by the organisation where research wasdone OPEN ACCESS agree that my thessto be published asonline open access full text acknowledged that Universiti Teknologi Malaysia reserves the right as follows The thesis is the property of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia The Library of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia has the right to make copies forthe purpose of research only The Library hasthe right to make copiesof the thessforacademic exchange Certified by SIGNATURE OF SUPERVISOR 880327 05 5117 DR SO PHAN WAHYUDI BIN NAWAWI NEW IC NO PASSPORTNO NAME OF SUPERVISOR Date 4th J ULY 2012 Date 4 J ULY 2012 NOTES If the thess is CONFIDENTIAL or RESTRIC TED please attach with the letter from the organization with period and reasonsfor confidentiality or restriction I hereby declare that I have read this report and in my option this report is sufficient in term of scope and quality for the award of Bachelor
23. S at RB4 bit sbit LCD EN at RB5 bit sbit LCD D4 at RD4 bit sbit LCD D5 at RD5 bit sbit LCD D6 at RD6 bit sbit LCD D7 at RD7 bit sbit LCD RS Direction at TRISB4 bit sbit LCD EN Direction at TRISBS5 bit sbit LCD D4 Direction at TRISD4 bit sbit LCD D5 Direction at TRISDS bit sbit LCD D6 Direction at TRISD6 bit sbit LCD D7 Direction at TRISD7 bit end port definition variable declaration char txt 14 char ptxt 14 unsigned char enter OxOD unsigned long value percent lend variable declaration function prototype declaration void initialization void void sms char num char txt end function prototype declaration starting main program void main unsigned char count 1 initialization while 1 count 0 value ADC_Read 0 percent value 100 1023 IntToStr percent ptxt Led_Out 1 1 Lcd Out 2 4 ptxt if SW2 0 ll percent gt 85 delay_ms 2000 while SW 1 1 Lcd Out 1 1 Report Sent Lcd Out 2 1 Press SW1 Exit if count lt 1 53 sms 0175553152 41 JIn Tembaga 8 Tmn Industri 81300 Skudai Johor count count l j Lcd Cmd LCD CLEAR j lelse finitialization function void initialization void TRISA 0b00000001 tris port 1 input O output declare by TRIS port Ob port7 port0 TRISB 0b0000001 1 TRISC 0b 10000000 ADC hnit ADCON1 0b00001110 Led_InitQ hnitialization LCD UARTI Init 1152
24. SMS being sent and the SMS will be transferred directly to the application to be displayed The SMS will display the detection system phone number date and time of the SMS being sent as well as the factory address Figure 4 6 shows the SMS received by the GUI application at the monitoring system NEW MESSAGE RECEIVED o FROM 60142912910 DATE TIME Sun 10 Jun 2012 14 18 04 08 00 FACTORY ADDRESS 41 Jln Tembaga 8 Tmn Industri 81300 Skudai Johor Figure 4 6 Message Box of GUI Application 4 4 Problems Encountered and Solution There are several problems faced during the development of the project including the software and hardware The main problem encountered when attempt to interface between the PIC microcontroller and the GSM modem failed The GSM modem does not send any response to the PIC microcontroller despite data from the PIC accepted This cause the sending of SMS when toxic gas detected failed to 45 occur Another problem comes about when writing the program to create the GUI application for the system There is a problem to display and organize the received SMS from the detection system into the application The former problem is solved by testing the UART to RS232 converter circuit The circuit is connected between the PIC microcontroller and a computer to test whether there is data received or sent After testing the converter circuit it is found that the converter circuit has connection error Pin 7 a
25. System Implementation Thesis Writing ee DG EN 1 6 Methodology Getting Project Title amp Objectives Literature Review amp Project Proposal Hardware amp Software Research Implementation of Hardware amp Software Testing of Hardware amp Software NO YES Figure 1 1 Flowchart of the project The first method for the project development is getting the project title and objectives After knowing about what project to develop for the final year project the first thing that needs to be done is to find the most suitable title for the project A good title can give a good impression on the project to be developed as a whole Then the objectives of the project were found to increase the chances of leading to a specific outcome The next step is conducting literature review and writing the project proposal All the information needed to complete the project is gathered and study by reviewing all journals articles books and previous research that related to this project The internet also is used as one of the sources to find the most suitable wireless system that can be implemented in the project After taking into account all the factors that lead to the success of this project GSM is selected as the most suitable system The project proposal was later prepared in preparation for the beginning of the project Hardware research is done next to increase the understanding
26. adle Recovery or Treatment P Disposal Grave Figure 2 1 Toxic and Hazardous Waste Management Process The largest center for the management of toxic and hazardous waste in Malaysia is the Integrated Hazardous Waste Treatment Plant located at Bukit Nanas Negeri Sembilan manages by Kualiti Alam This center covers the entire process of waste management starting from collection of waste from generators transportation and treatment up to disposal It has the facilities for high temperature incineration physical and chemical treatment stabilization and secure landfill Most of the toxic and hazardous waste in Peninsular Malaysia are managed by this facility 12 2 4 Cause of Water Pollution in Malaysia Water pollution is a pollution that occurs in rivers lakes and sea The main sources of water pollution in Malaysia are such littering from residential areas along rivers lakes and sea side Water pollution can be categorized or arising from fixed sources and the not fixed non point source The causes of fixed sources include sewage treatment plants industrial manufacturing agro based industries and animals farms The cause of not fixed non point is defined as the resources that are not derived from one discharge point In 2007 the Department of Environment DOE has recorded a total of 19320 causes of water pollution They comprised of sewage treatment plant of 9337 48 3 including 640 network pumping stati
27. converter circuit is MAX232 MAX232 is the chip that is used to connect between RS232 and UART signals MAX232 has a 16 pin and the input voltage is 5V MAX232 has two sets of UART RS232 converter 16 Pin 11 and 10 are input UART or UART transmit pins 14 and 7 are output RS232 or RS232 receive Pin 12 and 9 is the output UART or UART receive 13 and 8 pin RS232 or RS232 input is transmit The schematic circuit for UART to RS232 converter and the actual circuit are shown in Figure 3 8 and Figure 3 9 respectively C2 LOuF MAX232 Le CA OuF 4 gt TAD 11 12 16 15 10 9 Figure 3 8 UART to RS232 Converter Schematic Diagram 30 Figure 3 9 UART to RS232 Converter 3 2 Software Development 32 1 PIC Microcontroller Programming There are two essential processes for the PIC microcontroller programming process which are to write a program and burn it into the microcontroller IC After the PIC program is written and successfully compile the program was burned into the microcontroller IC using the PICkit 2 software 3 2 1 1 MicroC Pro MicroC is a low cost C language compiler for PIC MCUs It is optimized for the limited and specialized environment for the embedded microcontrollers Its 31 purpose is to provide the developer or programmer with the easiest ways to develop applications for embedded systems by providing the same performance or outcomes MicroC is portable and was design to suppo
28. e This has caused the river to be polluted by the industrial waste especially by toxic and hazardous waste It was reported that there is an average of 97 cases of illegal toxic waste disposals from year 2001 to 2006 3 Furthermore only 40 cases of illegal hazardous waste dumping have been successfully brought to court under Section 34 B EQA 1974 and the rest of the culprits were not traced 3 Therefore this project is design to effectively detect the toxic and hazardous waste that being disposed illegally by the industries to the river A smart wireless system is used using GSM as the transmitter and the receiver to send and receive data from the detected location to the monitoring location No matter where the location of the toxic waste being disposes the authorities will always be notified by the system Further action can be able to be taken on the party responsible and eventually preventing water pollution from happening 1 2 Problem Statement The problem of illegal dumping of toxic waste into the river by the industry is nothing new to the public This problem often occurs especially when it rains or rainy season The industry will open up the toxic storage tank to dispose the toxic waste into the river This toxic waste will be channelled through the drain and eventually down into the nearby river The strong river currents due to the rain will carry away the toxic waste being dumped This results in the industry to escapes f
29. e people that has been supporting me all this while from the start to finish overcoming every various moment good or bad over the past two semesters Much thanks to my supervisor Dr Sophan Wahyudi bin Nawawi for his invaluable guidance and suggestion throughout the process of completing this project The calmness and faith of him to me has given me the strength and believe that completing this project was never impossible My appreciation also goes to my family especially my parents who has been so tolerant and supports me all these years Thank for their encouragement love and emotional supports that they had given to me Lastly I would also like to extend my sincere appreciation to my fellow friends those whom involve directly or indirectly with this project who always willingly to give their time and effort when I need most There is no much meaningful word that may repay their supportive and creative idea for this project ABSTRACT In pursuing the goal of becoming a fully developed nation by the year 2020 pollution are among the main problems that still haunt the country Water pollution in particular has occurred mainly due to the irresponsibility action of the industries that dispose the toxic and hazardous waste into the river To prevent this action from happening this project was created to detect any attempt from the industries to dispose their generated toxic or hazardous waste from the septic tank to the river Built u
30. e Standaid Confparstion Device PIC EFEMA User IDs FF FF FF Checksum CFEF Cogs 2FCF PiCkt 2 connected ID LICODA rec 0 PIC Device Found KS MICROCHIP VOD Tarcal 3 Check Resd Wite Verify Erase Blank Check O cn Progam Memory w Seuece Nove Erg E ened z Enebled Hew Ori EEPROM Data Auto Import dar 4 Wile Device jw Enebled Hes Orip Oo Fr rr ry ye rr ry ry yr yr rv ry yr yy rr yr Finad Deuce yr rr yr Export Hex ie yr ry LO FE FF ry yr vy er ry yr rr rr ry Fi rr zu rr rr ry yr 7r rv ry yr yr rr ry F rr ry yr 4 mal PICkit 2 30 FF FF FF FF TF EF FY FE YF FF FF F Ta Figure 3 11 PICkit 2 Programmer Software 3 2 2 GUI Application Programming In order to obtain a good result on the location of monitoring GUI application is very important for the whole system for this project This application was developed using Visual Basic 2008 33 3 2 2 1 Microsoft Visual Basic 2008 Visual Basic is a very well known language in the commercial world It is because it allows the programmer to develop a Windows based program with a simple and rapid pace Visual Basic programmer can add a large amount of code just by dragging and dropping controls like the buttons and the dialog boxes and later determine the appearance and behaviour Each of these windows objects produces a standard user interface that makes the program becomes user friendly This language not only
31. enables programmers to develop simple GUI applications but also complex applications Figure 3 12 shows the flowchart for the GUI application located at the monitoring location developed using Microsoft Visual Basic 2008 When the application is run the user must select the correct communication COM port and baud rate of the connected mobile phone The user can obtain this information by accessing the device manager of the computer Select COM Port and Baud Rate of Mobile Phone I Key in PIN number Optional Display New Incoming Message End Figure 3 12 Flowchart of GUI Application 34 Every computer today is developed with a COM port or known as the serial port It is an I O port that is used by computers to produce asynchronous communication between serial devices or in this case a mobile phone and computers with the ability to send and receive data Baud rate can be interpreted as transmission speed or rate of the number of symbols per second sent and received between two different communication channels If a user accidentally selecting the wrong COM port for the mobile phones connected to the computer a screen exactly like Figure 3 13 will be shown to the user Connection Status o ERROR 1050 Specified COM port does not exist Figure 3 13 COM port error message box For security reasons the application also required the correct mobile phone P
32. enging task 4 Therefore the issue of illegal toxic waste disposal faced this day require a more efficient settlement Continuous surveillance against these illegal activities requires a robust mobile system that has an immediate response with enough sensitivity as well as long lifespan From the studies and research that have been taken in the development of the project it is concluded that the GSM wireless technology applied in the project can provide a fast and effective way for sending and receiving data for the system wherever the system is located The project is replicating the normal way of communicating with the authorities such as those used by police and fire department before The only different is the system automatically reports the case by SMS immediately after toxic waste detected without depending on the user 47 With the increasing cost to be incurred by the industries to dispose their toxic waste in accordance to the law most likely this illegal activity will be more prevalent if not contained This project will assist the authorities to detect any attempt to dispose of toxic waste illegally by the industries with more fast and effective approach This project also succeeded in fulfilling every criterion needed to ensure that every unlawful activity to dispose toxic waste by the industry can be traced 5 2 Recommendation To increase the capability of a product continuous research and improvement is needed to ensure
33. gure 3 21 Function to read message from mobile phone CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4 1 Background of Result This chapter will be discussing on the results obtain from this project starting from the detection system part which the electrochemical sensor and GSM modem to the monitoring system part where the computer and mobile phone interface result is discussed All the result will be shown and the analysis will be discussed in detail 42 System Flowchart The system flowchart is shown by Figure 4 1 The system will be installed near the septic tank of the industry to make it easier to detect any disposal of the toxic waste by the industry When the industry tries to dispose the hazardous and toxic waste to the river by channel it trough the drain the electrochemical sensor will sense the gas that released from the disposed waste The GSM Modem then will send the address location of the industry to another mobile phone The mobile phone is 41 located at a monitoring system where the data collected will be displayed to the authority The authority next will taking on the role by going to the industry location according to the address received by the system and take legal action against the industry that commit the offense The system then will be reset by the authority to enable the system in normal condition Toxic amp Hazardous Waste GSM send data GSM receive data Address Location Displayed Authority to the
34. he nature of the microcontroller that can only receive digital value either 1 or 0 It utilizes two types of memories which are program memory and data memory as internal memories A share of 14 3 Kbytes 8192 words consisting of flash memory and memory data contained in the program memory Data memory has two sources of data memory which 368 byte RAM random access memory and 256 byte EEPROM electrical erasable programmable ROM 22 The core feature includes interrupt capability up to 14 sources power saving sleep mode and single 5V In Circuit Serial Programming ICSP capability The sink source current which indicates a driving power from I O port is high with 25mA Power consumption is less than 2mA in 5V operating condition All the individual characteristics contained in the IC make it suitable to be applied into diverse types of systems such as industrial automotive hardware and consumer application system In addition only 35 instructions are needed to know by the user makes this PIC16F877A microcontroller a user friendly IC These instructions are easy to learn because all instructions are in single cycle except for the branch command and the interrupt command The interface between the GSM modem and the gas sensor can also be done handier because PIC16F877A also has I O pins of 33 that make it easier to be applied in this project MCLRA PP 9L 1 RB7 PGD RBGPGC RB5 RB4 RB3 PGM RB2 RB1 RBOANT RAVAN i
35. i 7 RA2 AN2 VREF am RA3 ANS VREF ma 77 RA4 TOCKI stir RASANS SS s C REO RDVANS b 7 RE1 WR ANG 7 c RE2 CS AN7 am ON oot wn RD7 PSP7 RD6 PSP6 OSC1 CLKIN 9 RD5 PSP5 OSC2 CLKOUT atm RD4 PSP4 RCQTIOSOVTICKI 1m 7 RCT RX DT RCT TTOSICCP2 me ROB TX CK RC2CCP1 nm RC5 SDO RC3 SCK SCL RCA SDI SDA RDO PSPO m RD3 PSP3 RDUPSP1 RD2 PSP2 T N co r co LL wo o a Figure 3 1 PIC 16F877A pin diagram 23 3 1 2 Figaro TGS 2600 Electrochemical Gas Sensor Electrochemical gas sensors are the largest group of chemical sensors representing approximately 58 of the total Electrochemical gas sensors have been used extensively either as a whole or an integral part of a chemical and biomedical sensing element Electrochemical sensors are commonly used especially to detect oxygen and toxic gases in the environment Each of the sensors is specially designed to only detect the gas that need to be detected This project uses Figaro TGS 2600 electrochemical gas sensor for the detection of toxic waste which is on this case produces carbon monoxide gases for the project development This sensor has high sensitivity to a variety of air contaminants gas particularly to low concentrations gas contaminants such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide CO Carbon monoxide is a gas that is colourless and odourless which is produced by all internal combustion engines i
36. ncluding diesel It is also produced from the burning of wood paper or plastic products The sensor can also detect hydrogen at a few ppm levels Compared with other sensors TGS 2600 have a longer useful life and less costly Figure 3 2 shows the Figaro TGS 2600 gas sensor 2600 Misty IL Figure 3 2 Figaro TGS 2600 Gas Sensor Heater voltage VH and the circuit voltage VC are required by the sensor to function To maintain the sensing element at a certain temperature heater voltage 24 VH is required for the integrated heater The measurement of output voltage Vout is performed across the load resistor RL connected in series with the sensor This sensor has a polarity so the DC voltage is required for the circuit voltage The value of load resistance chosen for this project is 47k ohms Figure 3 3 shows the circuit connection for gas sensor Figure 3 3 Gas Sensor Circuit Connection 12 3 1 3 iTegno 3832 GSM Modem GSM stands for Global System for Mobile communication It is widely use as the globally accepted standard for digital cellular communication Cell phones connect to it by searching for cells in the immediate vicinity In order for GSM Modem to operate it needs a Subscriber Identity Module SIM card from a wireless carrier GSM modems convert digital data to Short Message Service SMS messages for sending and receiving messages over the wireless network There are many different type
37. nd pin 8 of DB9 component of the converter circuit is shorted when in fact it should never have The mistake was corrected afterward the PIC and GSM modem interface finally runs smoothly The later problem then solved by studying and understanding more about ways to transfer the SMS received by the mobile phone to the GUI application for viewing Another problem that plagued in the early development of this project is when the mobile phone used as a receiver to receive the sent message at the monitoring location cannot be accessed to read the message which came from the detection system Due to this hyperterminal application is used to verify the problem After a closer investigation it is founded that all new model of Nokia mobile phones is not accessible to obtain or display all the messages received by the phone Eventually the problem is solved by changing the Nokia phone model to another manufacturer model that provided access to its inbox message All other problems are also solved to make sure the project to be successful CHAPTER S CONCLUSION 5 1 Conclusion Year after year toxic wastes generation rate in Malaysia experienced a significant increase in accordance with the increasing development of the industrial areas With the current trends of rapid population growth and industrialisation wastes and pollutants are released faster than the earth can absorb them such that maintaining a sustainable environment is becoming a chall
38. nt of industrial illegal toxic waste disposal via smart detection system project The way RFID triggered the GSM to send SMS is slightly replicate in gas sensor and GSM interface of this project 27 Summary of Previous Related Projects Each of the previous projects related to the projects to be developed are reviewed and taken into consideration All of these projects have it own advantages and disadvantages that can be highlighted to the use of Illegal Industrial Toxic Waste Disposal via Smart Detection System Although previous projects have different objectives every project is viewed in terms of technology used For example gas detection project using gas sensor A similar technology is used to detect toxic waste for the projects to be developed but with different applications GSM technology used by the previous project also learned and considered carefully so that it can be applied more effectively in ensuring that illegal dumping of toxic waste can be reported to the relevant authorities Display method used by one of the previous projects also applied with a more convenient and simple approach to establish a user friendly advantage for the project to be developed 17 2 8 Short Message Service SMS Short Message Service SMS is a communications service that uses standardized communication protocol It allows the exchange of text messages which involves one mobile phone to another mobile phone With an estimated of 2 4 billion
39. o waves or satellite transmissions A mobile phone is needed as a receiver for the system connected to a computer to complement the wireless communication A wide range of mobile phones can be applied to this project as long as the phone inbox message can be accessed A Samsung Galaxy ACE is used as a GSM receiver to receive all the SMS sent to the monitoring location 3 1 5 SK40C SK40C was used in this project to simplify the overall system It is designed as an easy to start solution for PIC MCU users Users can install the I O components using any suitable manner This kit comes without the PIC microcontroller to give freedom for the user to select the PIC model required SK40C also comes with the basic elements for the user initiating the development of a project It offers features of plug and use It also has ICSP programming port so that it can be directly connected to computer for PIC burning process without taking off the PIC from SK40C 15 The SK40C come with additional features e 2 x Programmable switch e 2x LED indicator e 20MHz crystal oscillator 27 e UART communication e USB on board Both switch connected to RBO and RB1 on the SK40C are used in this project with include the RESET switch for resetting the system The UART communication or Tx and Rx pin of SK40C that are connected to RC6 and RC7 respectively are also used for PIC and GSM communication Figure 3 5 shows the SK40C Figure 3 5 PIC Starter Kit SK4
40. ons manufacturing industries 8708 45 1 animals farms and agriculture based industries 779 4 0 and 485 2 5 respectively Disposal of toxic waste along the river by factories also a source of water pollution in Malaysia Toxic waste is discarded and passed into the drains ditches canals and into the river DOE has collected statistics on the causes of water pollution from the manufacturing and agro based industries via on site excursions and questionnaires The total amount of water pollution from both the industry is at 9204 13 2 5 Current Technology used by Department of Environment There are many technologies that can be used to enable detection of any activity contrary to the law that affects the environment especially in the detection of illegal toxic waste disposal The DOE in Malaysia has been using the E Consignment Note system to observe the disposal of wastes so that it is being properly managed 2 5 1 E Consignment Note System In order to ensure efficient and safe management of the scheduled wastes and to monitor the generation and disposal of toxic waste Department of Environment uses E Consignment Note system DOE starts to enforce E Consignment Note system beginning on January 2007 to insert the consignment note of the scheduled wastes information by using the email facility All manufacturers of scheduled wastes transport contractors and recipients of the scheduled wastes are required to use this system fo
41. r every movement of the scheduled wastes E Consignment Note shall provide reports generation of scheduled wastes through the web as prior notification to the DOE if there are any generation of scheduled wastes by the premises Through this system the DOE only required to obtain reports generation of scheduled wastes from E Consignment web applications without having to go to the affected premises DOE can identify any environmental problems that arise by a surprise visit to a particular premise identified to produce the scheduled wastes by making a comparison between the wastes declared and the wastes available at the premises 14 2 6 Previous Related Projects To ensure that this project solved the described problem statement the previous projects have been used as references The reason that the previous projects are referred to is to learn and improve all the advantages and disadvantages of all these projects Any problems encountered by the previous projects will successfully avoided in trying to develop the current project 2 6 1 Toxic Gas Release Alarm System Using PIC Microcontroller by ZARITH SOFIA SURAYA BT HJ BAKERI 5 This project was created to solve the problem that occurred from the carbon monoxide gas released by motor vehicles and other gasoline powered tools heaters and cooking equipment that is dangerous to human health by detecting the gas using TGS 2442 gas sensor and generate an alarm signal when the detected gas
42. reach its hazardous level Powered by Microchip s PIC18F2550 this project enable users not only be alarmed when the carbon monoxide gas reach a dangerous level but also to be aware of the gas concentration level which will be displayed on the system s LCD Built using a latest carbon monoxide sensor TGS 2442 the system can detect up to 1000 ppm of carbon monoxide level The alarm signal system consists of LEDs LCD and buzzer which will triggered according to the gas concentration level detected by the sensor This project limitation is that it s only detected carbon monoxide gas in residential area and signals the alarm system to the nearby people The system also does not report the occurrence of dangerous volume of the toxic gas emission to the authorities for further action 15 2 6 2 Smart Management Parking System by MOHD FANDY BIN YA RAHIM 6 This project is about the management of parking system services Smart management parking system is developed to optimize the parking system so that it will be more users friendly The objective of this system is to introduce the old system into the new system by upgrading new technologies The new technologies are using reservation parking space and by knowing the information parking space available The technologies that will be use in this project are the Short Message Service SMS system integrated with the new microcontroller The project also include the GUI technologies develop by
43. rocontroller PIC 16F877A Programming 2 Monitoring System MicroC PRO and PICkit 2 is used to write the c programming and program it into the PIC16F877A respectively while Visual Basic 2008 is used to create GUI application for the monitoring system 1 5 Project Planning The project is being done throughout two semester period continuously Table 1 1 show the detail of works for the project that has been implemented in the first semester During first semester most of the works involve studying the microcontroller used for the project and learning the programming language It also involved the designing of the wireless system hardware and identifying the component that need to be used for the project Meanwhile Table 1 2 shows the works done during the second semester The second semester is spent to complete the whole project including the programming and the hardware completion Testing and analysis of the completed system are also conducted in the second semester before thesis writing is done Table 1 1 FYP1 Gantt chart Task Activities PTD T PERE gt a Soe Lund Review Finding Sensor Design of Suitable WE C II sem LD B a Proposal birds Hardware Completing rm COPE 3 FYP1 Seminar amp lamememmel III YY LY EE Table 1 2 FYP2 Gantt chart Uterature Review rature Review eee Completing Hardware H Comptia Program Ft LLLI Task Activities EET System Testing Analysis kl
44. rom any legal action because there is no evidence to show that they the one who dispose the toxic and hazardous waste into the river An effective and reliable wireless system is needed to detect the illegal disposal of toxic waste into the river by the industries The system should be able to report the exact location of the incident to the authorities as soon as the toxic being dumped 1 3 Objectives The objectives of this project are as follows 1 To reinforce capacities to detect and halt any illegal attempt by the industries to introduce toxic and hazardous substances into the river 2 To meet the goals of eco friendly development 3 To avoid environmental pollution and adverse health effects due to the improper disposal by industries 14 Scope of Project To ensure that every objective outlined in the project can be implemented successfully two types of scopes have been emphasized Distribution of the two scopes of this project is formulated to design of hardware and software design For hardware it can be categorized into three systems namely 1 PIC 16F877A Microcontroller 2 The sensing system 3 The wireless system The system consists of an electrochemical gas sensor It is used to detect the presence of toxic gas from the toxic waste being disposed while the wireless system consists of GSM Modem and a mobile phone to transmit and receive data There are two parts that require software design 1 Mic
45. rts many CPU architecture MicroC is supplied as a Developer s Kit with everything you need to develop for a C and assembly language software for a particular CPU This software is used to create the system program in C language Figure 3 10 shows the software interface of MicroC Pro n mikroC PRO for PIC v 5 6 0 C Users Wan Desktop files sem ni FYP2 Program GSM WAN gsm mcppi NOT REG B File Edit View Project Build Run Tools Help BRUDE E D Se s RE ia Ui u2 2 E exl 8 amp n a 2 40 function prototype declaration Lise E a 2 A A al void initialization void es Ts void sms char num char txt io E end function prototype declaration o e 3 lz E starting main program a s void main 2 E unsigned char count i initialization E 3 so 3 i 3 amp E while 1 12 e tount 0 y value ADC Read 0 8 4 seo IIE 2 a l gt na 0 Messages a Quick Converter Ei 3 a V Errors v Warnings V Hints n E 6 26 Insert CAUsers Wan DesktopMiles sem Figure 3 10 MicroC Pro Software Interface 32 3 2 1 2 PICkit 2 Microchip Technology created PICkit 2 as a programmer for PIC microcontrollers PICkit 2 software is used to burn the hex file of the programming into the PIC 16F877A It supports a maximum of 4M bytes of memory for programmer to go feature OCCTPICKIC 2 Progromuner UICOOA reyt 0 Midtang
46. s Degree of Electrical Engineering Control amp Instrumentation Signature te undue S decis Name of Supervisor DR SOPHAN WAHYUDI BIN NAWAWI Date 4 JULY 2012 INDUSTRIAL ILLEGAL TOXIC WASTE DISPOSAL VIA SMART DETECTION SYSTEM MUHAMMAD IZUAN BIN ABDULLAH A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor in Electrical Engineering Control amp Instrumentation Faculty of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia JULY 2012 ii I declare that this report entitled Industrial Illegal Toxic Waste Disposal via Smart Detection System is the results of my own effort with the exception of excerpts cited in the references This thesis has not been accepted for any degree and is not currently submitted in candidature of any other degree Signature Ec Name MUHAMMAD IZUAN BIN ABDULLAH Date 3 4 JULY 2012 Dedicated to my beloved mom and dad Basariah binti Abdullah Sani and Abdullah bin Mohd Shahrani and both my sisters A special thanks for all your support encouragement and understandings Thank you for everything iii iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In The Name of ALLAH The Most Gracious and The Most Merciful Alhamdulillah for the health patience and endless courage that has been given to me from The Most Gracious that finally I successfully finished my final year project First and foremost I would like to convey my sincere gratitude to th
47. sia has achieved remarkable success in various sectors of development especially im the manufacturing sector which experiencing tremendous rapid proliferation The nation economic growth spurred by the development of manufacturing industries proving that this sectors plays an important role in ensuring that the nation economy is thriving constantly In 2011 it is reported by the Ministry of Finance that the manufacturing sector contributed RM 164 107 million to Malaysia s Gross Domestic Product GDP accounting for 27 92 of overall GDP in 2011 with 6 7 growth over the previous year 2 Due to this rapid industrialisation generation of toxic and hazardous waste have increased over the years Over the years Environmental Quality Act 1974 is an act which is used to control most of the hazardous waste in Malaysia Hazardous waste is subject to some type of recovery recycling operation burned in integrated waste management centre incinerator burned at local off site clinical waste incinerators transported to off site disposal facilities or disposed for onsite treatment 1 Out of 77 waste codes listed on the Environmental Quality Scheduled Waste Regulations 2005 only 15 waste codes are allowed to be sent to the waste recyclers 1 The incidence of illegal dumping by the industries is due to the highly expensive price of legal scheduled waste treatment The waste generators have to pay more to dispose their waste compare to recycl
48. sing an electrochemical gas sensor to detect the toxic being dispose it will sense the toxic gas and send the address location of the industry who commit the offense to the authorities for further action The system used GSM technology that integrated with a microcontroller to send and receive data wirelessly A GSM Modem is used to send the address location of the industry via Short Messaging Service SMS whenever a toxic waste disposal is detected while a GSM phone is used to receive the SMS Visual Basic programming is used to develop the GUI for the system in purpose to display the data received at the monitoring location Through this project a reliable and effective system is achieved to prevent the illegal toxic waste disposal by the industries vi ABSTRAK Dalam usaha untuk mencapai matlamat menjadi sebuah negara maju sepenuhnya menjelang tahun 2020 pencemaran adalah antara masalah utama yang masih menghantui negara Pencemaran air khususnya telah berlaku disebabkan oleh tindakan tidak bertanggungjawab industri yang melupuskan sisa toksik dan berbahaya ke dalam sungai Bagi menghalang tindakan ini daripada berlaku projek ini telah diwujudkan untuk mengesan mana mana percubaan dari industri untuk melupuskan sisa toksik atau berbahaya yang dihasilkan dari tangki septik ke sungai Dibina dengan menggunakan sensor gas elektrokimia untuk mengesan sisa toksik yang dilupuskan ia akan mengesan gas toksik dan menghantar alamat lokasi industri
49. t approaches such as object oriented OOP and event driven programming Microsoft Visual Basic refers to event driven a programming language that has many elements of object oriented language like Java In an event driven model the program is not in accordance with a logical sequence The sequence of execution do not need be controlled and determined in this case In accordance with the transition of the world to graphical user interface GUD Visual Basic is one of the languages that led to the transition Visual Basic was designed to enable programs to be carried out under windows without any complexity generally associated with the programming window Designed screen can held standard window buttons such as command buttons check boxes selection buttons text boxes and so forth Every object of this window operates as predicted resulting in a window standard user interface CHAPTER 3 DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEM 3 1 Hardware Development 3 1 PIC Microcontroller 16F877A PIC is referred to Peripherals Interface Controller 16F877A microcontroller has been selected for the development of the project The PIC was chosen based on functions required for the system usage The IC chip having internal built in ADC Analog to Digital Conversion and UART function Gas sensor used in this project produced output in analog values Therefore function of the ADC must be adopted for the conversion from analog values to digital values due to t
50. ted or enter the respiratory tract and skin contact with humans Toxic is any waste in the form of liquids solids or gases which may have adverse effects on human health animals and the environment in general Toxic levels of a substance to be determined by a laboratory test called the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure TCLP Toxic materials contain carcinogens This material may increase the chance of a person to get cancer Toxic substances are released by industrial activities such as disposal of radioactive materials by nuclear plants garbage from the residential areas heavy metals from industrial plants and residues of herbicides or pesticides from agricultural activities 2 3 Toxic and Hazardous Waste Management in Malaysia The control of dangerous toxic and hazardous waste can be done comprehensively with the facilities and technologies provided Malaysia uses a variety of ways of disposing or treat dangerous toxic waste that are generated such as the use of sanitary landfills incinerators physical and chemical treatment and stabilization The process of toxic and hazardous waste management is shown in the Figure 2 1 All waste generated by industries will be classified before transportation process can be performed Some of the toxic and hazardous waste will be delivered to recovery and treatment facility while the other half will be transported directly to the grave facilities for disposal 11 Waste Generator Cr
51. tten out in chapter 2 Chapter 3 explains the development of the project system The project system combines the software and hardware of the entire project Then chapter 4 will concern about the result obtain from the test conducted and discussions of the analysis while the project conclusions and recommendation will wrap up in the final chapter CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2 1 Literature Background Literature review was carried out throughout the whole project to gain knowledge and skills needed to complete this project The main sources for this project are the previous project and research thesis that is related to the project and the other sources are books journals and articles obtained from the internet So this chapter discusses the projects and thesis related to this project By reviewing the previous works research and projects there are some ways and features that can be applied and added to ensure the project success Theories and the knowledge related also are the important matter needed to develop this project It has been acquired and carried out to achieve the objectives of this project Thus the books journals and articles are the most accurate source for it 10 2 2 Toxic Waste According to the definition outlined by the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 toxic intended as substances and preparations which if inhaled or digested or penetrate the skin can cause serious health risks or death if it is inges
52. two or three electrochemical cell For the purposes of measurement the electrochemical sensors may be made in steady state or transient To increase the sensor selectivity and sensitivity the mode of operation determined will be adjusted This will cause the current or potential for the electrochemical sensor will show various values 2 10 AT Command AT command is the command uses to control the GSM modem or mobile phone to perform task for example SMS sending or phone calling Dial modems mobile phones and GSM modems support a common set of AT commands standard AT commands is developed from Hayes command set which is function as a based messages exchanged between applications in order to manage GSM related events or services AT command works as a language for GSM modem to schedule a command a script or a program to run at a specified date and time and as command to view existing scheduled tasks The main application for the extended AT commands are to managing SMS transmission monitoring the signal strength and view phone book entries Extended AT commands allow us to 1 Reading writing and deleting SMS messages 2 Sending SMS messages 3 Monitoring the signal strength 4 Monitoring the charging status and charge level of the battery 5 Reading writing and searching phone book entries 19 Table 2 1 Example of AT Command AT CGMI Manufacture Identification AT CGMM Request model identification AT CG
53. using the Visual Basic 6 0 to control the system of the project in the control room This project is using GSM technology to communicate between user and the control room The GSM technology can be implemented in the industrial illegal toxic waste disposal via smart detection system project for wireless communication The technology is modified so that the data will automatically be send through a GSM Modem and receive by a mobile phone act as a modem that will be represented on the monitoring system 2 6 3 Smart Communication Using Radio Frequency Identification and GPRS Modem by MOHAMAD SAIFUL ISLAM BIN AZIZ 7 This project presented about teachers and parents wireless communication using Global Packet Radio Service GPRS Modem and Radio Frequency Identification RFID when there is an emergency appears towards their children in school The purpose of this project is to invent a cost effective communication system by using RFID technology and GPRS This project consists of 125 kHz 16 passive RFID ID tag that will read by RFID reader and GPRS modem send a SMS message to parents Both RFID reader and also GPRS modem will be controlled by microcontroller that acts as a brain for the whole system Parents will receive a SMS message about the situation of their children at pre school as the passive RFID ID tag has been read by RFID reader The wireless communication of this project is studied and then implemented to the developme
54. yang melakukan kesalahan itu kepada pihak berkuasa untuk tindakan selanjutnya Sistem ini menggunakan teknologi GSM yang disepadukan dengan mikropengawal untuk menghantar dan menerima data tanpa wayar Modem GSM digunakan untuk menghantar lokasi alamat industri melalui Khidmat Pesanan Ringkas SMS apabila pembuangan sisa toksik dikesan manakala telefon GSM digunakan untuk menerima SMS Pengaturcaraan Visual Basic digunakan untuk membangunkan GUI bagi sistem bertujuan untuk memaparkan data yang diterima di lokasi pemantauan Melalui projek ini satu sistem yang boleh dipercayai dan berkesan dapat dicapai bagi mencegah pembuangan sisa toksik haram oleh industri CHAPTER TABLE OF CONTENTS Vii TITLE PAGE DECLARATION DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT ABSTRAK TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF APPENDICES INTRODUCTION 1 1 Background 1 2 Problem Statement 1 3 Objectives 1 4 Scope of Project 1 5 Project Planning 1 6 Methodology 1 7 Thesis Outline LITERATURE REVIEW 2 1 Literature Background 22 Toxic Waste 2 3 Toxic and Hazardous Waste Management in Malaysia ii iii iv vi Vii xi xiii XV o QN FW Q N m 10 10 2 4 23 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 2 10 2 11 Cause of Water Pollution in Malaysia Current Technology used by Department of Environment 251 E Consignment Note System Previous Related Projects 2 6 1 Toxic Gas Release Alarm
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search