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Advanced Computer Tools for Roadway Hydraulic and Hydrologic

1. Y H H Momentum Equation OV Q V Q g g OA Y cos8 Wsin 0 A Y cos6 Weg ae a Q 2 2 5 A A M Q AY cos0 cL sin gA 2 Q M gA A Y cos When the upper conjugate depth exceeds Dp then the resulting pressure head Hp is calculated by M M Ag where M and A are the momentum and cross sectional area at full barrel flow respectively Hy Length of the Hydraulic Jump Ly The length of a hydraulic jump is estimated by empirical factors obtained from field observations King and Brater Handbook of Hydraulics US Bureau of Reclamation Engineering Monograph 25 Hydraulic Design of Stilling Basin and Bucket Energy Dissipators L BY where f is a factor defined in Table 1 and Y gt is the upper conjugate depth Channel Slope Froude gt 4 Froude gt 3 Froude gt 2 Froude gt 1 0 00 6 15 5 54 4 99 4 49 0 05 5 20 4 68 4 21 3 79 0 10 4 40 3 96 3 56 3 21 0 15 3 85 3 46 3 12 2 81 0 20 3 40 3 06 2 15 2 48 0 25 3 00 2 70 2 43 2 19 Table 1 Factors B for estimating the length of a hydraulic jump based on channel slope and Froude number HEAD LOSS AT THE INLET FHWA Hydraulic Design Series No 5 Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts Unsubmerged form 1 0 5 M Y Y H DK oo BS Unsubmerged form 2 M Yu pa 2 AD Submerged 2 vus 6 BS Minor loss at the
2. Select Shape Select a previously drawn shape Create Shape dialog Create a new shape Create DTM shape Create a Drainage Area shape using the Delineate Watershed Drainage Area tool Base C value The runoff coefficient for the drainage area Time of Concentration Tc expressed in minutes When these values are input the following computations are performed Total Subareas and C value Remainder Area and Remainder C value Composite Area and C value Computed Intensity Computed Discharge GEOPAK Drainage allows one the flexibility to delineate Subareas Subareas are smaller components within a drainage basin that exhibit different land coefficients or roughness coefficients The fields input in this dialog box are the area of the Subarea runoff coefficient and description When the Automatic Delineation option is exercised GEOPAK Drainage automatically delineates the subareas drawing its values from the Land Use Table of the Drainage Library amp Subarea Definition Tool x ToNodelD CBA 8 r Subareas Subarea Runoff C Description 0 000 s68 foso M THE NODE ELEMENT Nodes in GEOPAK Drainage are the key points within a drainage network Nodes create the inlets junctions and outlets in the network and provide for connectivity of the link system Links can change size or slope only at nodes Six categories of nodes may be placed in a drainage project including Curb used for curb opening inlets with
3. directly based on the flow rate Q the headworks configuration and the size of the culvert The value of Y determined by this method is referred to as the Inlet Control depth The head loss hi can be estimated by the difference between Yu and the flow depth at the inlet boundary for a mild slope and h Xy Y for a steep slope Method 2 The direct calculation of the head loss through the headworks hj is performed using the appropriate formulas A backwater profile is calculated from the outlet to provide a value for Y at the inlet The head loss hi is added to the depth at the inlet boundary Yj to get the upstream depth Y The value of Y determined by this method is referred to as the Outlet Control depth If the backwater profile does not reach the inlet than inlet control should occur If the backwater profile does reach the inlet then outlet control should occur Appendix B Prototype Culvert Module Hydraulics for Open Channels and Culverts B 1 ROADWAY CULVERT MODULE The ROADWAY CULVERT MODULE is a tool for analyzing the hydraulic characteristics of a roadway culvert system A Roadway Unit unit contains the data defining the roadway geometry and the hydrology including flows and tailwaters A Culvert Unit contains the data defining a culvert barrel and associated headworks A Roadway Unit may contain more than one culvert unit Figure 1 shows the initial screen for the ROADWAY
4. Channel Slope Primary Manning s n d Roughness Coefficients Panel y Bottom Manning s n Sides Manning s n amp Height HC Normal Flow Results Panel Yn Vn Pn Rn Tn Ybar Comp n H Critical Flow Results Panel Ye Vc Pc Rc Tc Ybar Comp n Maximum Normal Flow Results Ymax Vmax Pmax Rmax Tmax Ybar Panel Comp n Depth Upstream Boundary Velocity Profile Input Minor Loss Coef Panel Downstream Boundary Depth Yc Dm 2 OPEN CHANNEL PROPERTIES PAGE w pm 5 Q O O L Lu O lt L oc 5 7 W m oc Ww pa Length of Culvert C Results __ Energy Hydraulic and Depth Profiles Graphical Results Depth Pressure Head Velocity Head Panel Energy Head SURFACE PROFILE PAGE Figure 6 Schematic of the interface structure for the FREE SURFACE FLOW MODULE Hydraulics for Open Channels and Culverts B 19 Appendix C Models Removed During Initial Screening Models Removed During Initial Screening ANNIE Interactive hydrologic and data management ANNIE is a program designed to help users interactively store retrieve list plot check and update spatial parametric and time series data for hydrologic models and analyses Data are stored in a direct access file called a Watershed Data Management WDM file Many hydrologic and water quality models and analyses developed by the U S Geological Survey USGS and t
5. Section Slope and Flow panel as shown in Figure 1 Figure 3 shows the page after the Roughness Coefficients and the Normal Flow Results panels have been collapsed and the Critical Flow Results and Maximum Flow Results panels have been expanded Free Surface Flow iofx Eile Options Close All Open al Normal Flow Results Quput si Critical Flow Results Output E a 28634 ft V 10 137 ftisec fig 723 ft The fa 819 ft fi2s22 ft bar fi 4432 ft ft fi 5756 Composit n foot 923 Maximum Flow Results Output o P E 468 05 ft sec P fiz 2s1 ft fass73 a rRp fisss t a 6 905 te T 5253 t bar 23763 ft Composit n por S67 Open Channel Properties Surface Profile Figure 3 Critical Flow and Maximum Flow Results panels pine Ay Dr R Q w max Clear All 5 The Critical Flow Results panel presents the same properties for critical flow that were presented in the previous panel for normal flow The critical depth is presented at the top of the list Y The Maximum Flow Results panel presents the same properties for the maximum normal flow that can be carried by this section at the specified slope and with the specified Manning s n values Qmax is the maximum flow without an upstream pressure head or downstream control Notice that the depth of the maximum flow 4 3573 ft is less than the depth of full barrel f
6. This tool evaluates the flow paths contained in the network This tool performs a downstream trace from the centroid of each triangle contained in the region specified The results help provide visualization of the flow patterns within the TIN DELINEATE SUMP LINES A sump line is a triangular edge where the flow on each side of the edge is towards the edge e g as in streams and ditches This tool indicates the sump lines within a region of the network M e RIDGE LINES A ridge line is defined as a triangular edge where the flow on each side of the edge is away from the edge This tool indicates the ridge lines within a region of the network ANS LP DELINEATE LOW POINTS The Delineate Low Points Tool locates all the low points within a region of a TIN 2 DELINEATE HIGH POINTS The Delineate High Points Tool locates all the high points within a region of a TIN DOWNSTREAM TRACE The Downstream Trace Tool delineates the flow path downstream from a given point in the TIN The indicated path follows the steepest descent from the point through the TIN terminating at a low point or the edge of the TIN UA UPSTREAM TRACE The Upstream Trace Tool delineates the flow path upstream from a given point in the TIN The indicated path follows the steepest ascent from the point through the TIN terminating at a high point or the edge of the TIN eg DELINEATE FLOW DIRECTION The Delineate Flow Directions Tool indicates the d
7. drainage network This file contains the minimum amount of data necessary to load the network and to design or model it The File gt Import gt MicroDrainage SWS command loads an existing MicroDrainage network file These files contain network structures based on calculations performed in the MicroDrainage product PREFERENCE COMMANDS For any given command multiple sets of parameter configurations can be saved to a preference file The individual sets of saved parameters known as preference sets can be recalled from the preference file This provides for reuse wherein different drainage projects can make use of the same set of preference files The File gt Open Preference gt General command opens a preference file allowing one to gain access to a different set of general parameters General preference files define preferences for everything except coordinate geometry elements alignments and geometry points and horizontal element annotation The File gt Open Preference gt Geometry Annotation command opens a different preference file allowing one to access a different set of geometry parameters Geometry preference files define preferences for coordinate geometry elements only Using the File gt Save As gt General command saves a different preference file to gain access to a different set of parameters at another time Many commands contain numerous parameters governing its processing These parameters can be stored
8. e FHWA Empirical The fifth order polynomial representations of the FHWA Table data Data fields are provided for the specific options selected by the user For example Figure 6 shows the panel expanded for the FHWA Table method The coefficients for a pipe arch with no bevels have been loaded from the standard table by means of the Load Table button This completes the input data needed for the Culvert Unit CulvertApp Oo Xx File Edit Caclulate Help Tools LRoadwayt Road Way PipeArch Tabulated Results Graphed Results Pipedrch Close All 4 Open All Roughness Coeficients gt j Number Culverts Selected REE 4 1 Sediment Details Head Works TI Roadway Piperch T Default JV FHWA Table T Ki P FHWA Empirical perch FHWA Table Method PA 31 in comer r CM E FHWA Table No Bevels _y K 1i Form 0 008 fi fo 680 Add Culvert M G Slope correction 2 000 fo 036 B 0 50 Delete Culvert Define Culvert Shape Clear Roadway Figure 6 Culvert page with the panel for FHWA Table method expanded Hydraulics for Open Channels and Culverts CALCULATE RESULTS Figure 7 shows a pop up menu containing the calculate item This menu is obtained after all data has been input by clicking on the culvert icon with the right mouse button Clicking on the calculate item will generate the output 7 CulvertA aye FA menu El p
9. 2 25 x 5 7 25 pipe arch has been selected form the file of standard shapes This is the same section that is used in the example in the FREE SURFACE FLOW MODULE section of this Users Guide Figure 5 shows the Culvert page with additional panels expanded for input data Roughness Coefficients Culvert Details and Sediment Details These panels have been previously defined and contain the same input data as the example in the FREE SURFACE FLOW MODULE section of this Users Guide Notice also that a data field is provided for the Number of Barrels The user may specify more than one barrel of this identical shape slope and roughness for the Culvert Unit represented by this page Two barrels have been specified in this example The computer module simply proportions the flow among the barrels e g 50 to each barrel in the example Multiple barrels in a Culvert Unit are assumed to act independently headworks conditions on one do not affect the headworks conditions on another Hydraulics for Open Channels and Culverts B 5 CulvertApp olx Eile Edit Caclulate Help Tools Roadway Culvert Tabulated Results Graphed Results LRoadway1 Culvert i Number Culverts Selected 1 Culvertt z A A Culvert Add Culvert Delete Culvert De v Pipe Arch Load Pipe Arch Rise 5 6042 ft Ab 7 6875 ft
10. 926 14 030 1 228 13 530 1 264 MH 4 860 584 860 566 7 742 0 011 3 076 0 440 1 051 1 010 MH 3 867 194 863 516 59 873 1 839 11 386 1 247 11 237 1 260 MH 3 864 806 863 988 13 237 1 548 6 871 0 726 6 803 0 732 MH 2 870 848 866 422 84 122 3 689 14 356 0 990 13 666 1 027 MH 2 867 196 867 194 7 742 0 005 3 382 0 528 1 961 0 800 MH 1 874 603 870 386 18 875 2 467 5 882 0 275 5 882 0 275 MH 1 870 992 870 848 30 231 0 475 6 679 1 760 6 775 1 737 The Report Builder tool is used to build reports on drainage component features such as Area Inlet Node and Link A particular report format can then be saved for subsequent reuse The Report Builder dialog box is depicted below Report Builder Untitled ID Description Time of Concentratio Te Used Discharge Intensity Base C Value Composite C Value Composite Area Total Subarea C Yalu Total Subarea Remainder C Value The Report gt Generate command can be used to access a custom format saved within the Report Builder Additional reports can then be generated using the same layout Generate Report TOOLS MENU NAVIGATOR MENU The Navigator tool provides a means to identify add edit delete and query the components of the current project The Navigator also provides graphical maneuvering tools to move through the design file and view the components with highlighting and window centering functions When the navigator tool is access
11. 965 4231 Doug Anderson UDOT Research and Development 801 965 4377 Steve Bartlett UDOT Research and Development 801 965 4377 Abby Fallahi UDOT Lead UDOT Central Hydraulics 801 965 4693 Bill Gedris FHWA Utah Division 801 963 0182 Ext 243 Skip Hudson MK Centennial 801 268 9805 Gerald Robinson UDOT Region 3 Hydraulics 801 227 8062 Denis Stuhff UDOT Central Hydraulics 801 965 4231 The original scope of work for the project was established in July 1998 The general objectives of the project follow 1 Produce a prototype module for the analysis of culvert hydraulics including enhanced functionality requested by UDOT 2 Survey the functionality of the ArcView GIS software for application to hydrologic estimates SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND TASKS Objective 1 Produce a prototype module for the analysis of culvert hydraulics and energy dissipaters Task 1 Develop a prototype computer module for culvert hydraulics that incorporates the specific functionality requested by UDOT hydraulic engineers including adjusted invert inlet control outlet control critical flow normal flow full barrel flow water surface profiles and energy dissipaters Task 2 Provide a user s manual and training for computer module Task 3 Provide beta testing and focus group critique of the software products Objective 2 Survey the functionality of the ArcView GIS software for application to hydraulic design Task 1 Conduc
12. A Reach is a path between two nodes spanning one or more links Reaches allow users to define a path running in either upstream or downstream direction in a drainage network and visualize profiles ground pipes depth of cover etc along that path The identification of the From Node and To Node is required to define a Reach GEOPAK Drainage automatically traverses the Network and finds the Links connecting the two Nodes A Reach is only needed for the purpose of profile visualization and is not required to complete the drainage design process Using the menu options provided Reaches can be added edited or deleted Reach Configuration x Reach ID C Description From Node 1D_JTo Node Profile Registration Reference TIN Station 0 0000 x 0 0000 o Elevation 0 0000 YF 0 0000 Seabees Horizontal 0 0000 Vertical 0 0000 THE LAND USES ELEMENT GEOPAK Drainage graphically defines areas or regions of different land uses and subsequent runoff characteristics in order to automatically track and compute runoff coefficients for Drainage Areas These land uses are defined using MicroStation shapes specific symbology and related runoff coefficient parameters When Component gt Land Use is selected a dialog box appears that consists of the following elements amp Land Use Boundary Tools x Runoff C Land Use Description Commercial Pavement Buildings Select Shape Runoff Land Use Desc
13. CULVERT MODULE It contains four tabs across the top and it is open to the first tab for the Roadway data The remaining three tabs are for entering culvert data and presenting the results in tabulated and graphical forms THE ROADWAY PAGE The Roadway page contains three major sections On the left is an open vertical panel used to identify the Culvert Units associated with this Roadway Unit More than one Culvert Unit may be associated with a roadway CulvertApp L folx File Edit Caclulate Help Tools LRoadway1 Road Way Culvert Tabulated Results Graphed Results JF oadway Close All Open All Road Embankment Paved X Weir Coefficient Roadway Wizard Road Width At embankment Max water surface elevevation 120 6 Culvert DownStream bed elevation 100 DownStream bed Station 250 UpStream bed elevation 103 75 UpStream bed Station 100 longitudinal Road Profile Flow Clear Roadway Figure 1 The initial screen for the ROADWAY CULVERT MODULE Hydraulics for Open Channels and Culverts B 2 Roadway Input Data The section on the right contains right in Figure 1 contains three horizontal panels for roadway data e Road Embankment e Longitudinal Road Profile e Flow Roadway Embankment Panel The Road Embankment panel is shown expanded in Figure 1 The following input data fields are provided on this panel Figure 1 The Roadway page with
14. RESULTS PAGE ow flow barrel tailwater inlet cntrl outlet cntr GRAPHED RESULTS PAGE JH Inlet cntrl outlet cntrl Figure 10 Roadway Culvert Module Architecture Hydraulics for Open Channels and Culverts B 10 FREE SURFACE FLOW MODULE The FREE SURFACE FLOW MODULE is a tool for calculating the following information about flows in open channels and closed barrels commonly used for culverts e The shape geometry for 16 standard shapes e The hydraulic properties of a user defined shape as well as the standard shapes e The water surface profile for a specified upstream or downstream boundary condition OPEN CHANNEL HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES Figure 1 shows the main screen for the FREE SURFACE FLOW MODULE This screen contains two tabs at the bottom one for calculating open channel hydraulic properties and the other calculating water surface profiles Free Surface Flow _ oy x Eile Options Close All Open All Pipe Arch Rise a Pane a E A SO Fr CAA AAD A A eres S 32232900S SSR UO OOOO OOOO BKK Sediment Details Sediment oo mel t Se stion Slope and Flow E s etn 20122 2 0122 ft Slope fo 02501 Q 200 ft sec Open Channel Properties Surface Profile Figure 1 The main screen for the FREE SURFACE FLOW MODULE Input and Results Panels The Open Channel Properties page contains three sections data input panels results
15. RRRRay SORRY SISSI RAAT LIREI S05 DX RoR RRR KOK RI LC KKK REX KORY LOOK K RY REO Figure 3 Typical culvert longitudinal profile on a steep slope Figure 3 shows the tail water Yw greater than the full flow depth of the culvert Yan and D It is assumed that the hydraulic head just inside the outlet H equals the depth of the tail water Because Y is limited to the depth of the barrel a pressure head Hpo develops just inside the outlet equal to the difference between Yw and Y Full barrel flow occurs upstream until the pressure head diminishes to zero at which point free surface flow occurs An S1 backwater curve will extend upstream The depth upstream is nearly normal and must cross the critical depth in order to meet the backwater curve Consequently a hydraulic jump will occur with lower conjugate depth about A 7 equal to normal depth The position of the jump will be at the point where the upper conjugate depth meets the backwater curve STEADY UNIFORM FLOW Mannings Formula _ 1 486 n Q Rese c Composit Roughness Coefficient Option 1 F Pn 2 3 Option 2 TPn 1 2 n FP Option 3 re n Full Barrel Flow Mannings equation is used for full barrel pressure flow Hydraulic Jump Froude Number 2 2 ey eae Os gYn gA Where Yn is the mean depth defined by Energy Equation Bernoulli Equation Ha Y H H H Y H H h E H Y H H E H
16. Service formerly the Soil Conservation Service rainfall runoff model The primary functions of the program are for peak runoff computations using the Graphical Peak Discharge Method The Tabular Peak Discharge Method and Temporary Storage Support functions include the computation of the runoff curve CN the time of concentration Tc and travel time through a subarea Tt http www waterengr com UNET UNET Version 3 1 was developed by the U S Army Corps of Engineers UNET simulates one dimensional unsteady flow through a full network of open channels In addition to solving the network system UNET provides the user with the ability to apply several external and internal boundary conditions including flow and stage hydrographs rating curves gated and uncontrolled spillways pump stations bridges culverts and levee systems The program comes with the Corps Data Storage System software and GSS device drivers UNET is written for DOS systems and comes with complete bound copies of the User s Manual http www waterengr com Watershed Modeling Watershed Modeling is a comprehensive drainage program that determines runoff using industry standard techniques The program models flood control structures such as detention basins with various outlet structures Hydrographs can be created or imported from an ASCH file Actual or synthetic rainfall distributions can be used Hydrographs can be imported or combined at any poin
17. and define identification names IDs for each structure The default structure IDs consist of a one or two character prefix that describes the structure type followed by a counter number that is automatically assigned in sequential order to each structure as it is placed in the design The IDs can also be customized to meet the user s needs FLOW EQUATIONS COMMAND The Settings gt Flow Equations command activates the Flow Equations dialog box prompting the user to select the equation to use for computing discharge flow rate The equations that can be selected are either the Manning or Darcy Colebrook equations EJ Flow Equations Ed Sq fts TIME EQUATIONS COMMAND The Settings gt Time Equations command opens the Time of Concentration Equations dialog box prompting the user to select the equation to use for computing the time of flow to an inlet Two equations are provided the FAA flow time equation or the Kirpich flow time equation These equations are used in conjunction with the Palettes gt Flow gt Inlet Time command Note that the runoff coefficient of the drainage area must be computed using the Settings gt Areas command prior to using the time equations gt Time of Concentration Equations fe 1 800000 OK Cancel MICRO DRAINAGE GLOBALS COMMAND The Settings gt MicroDrainage globals command opens the MicroDrainage Global variables dialog box This dialog box is used to define a
18. displays the input downstream boundary values The second row displays the boundary condition just inside the outlet Notice that a pressure head exists equal to the difference between the external boundary depth and the full barrel depth Also a velocity head has been calculated for the depth at the outlet full barrel in this example Starting at the outlet and moving upstream the pressure head decreases until it intersects the top of the barrel at L 55 1 feet The depth of the water represented by the middle line on the graph is equal to the barrel depth while there is a pressure head When there is no pressure head the water depth coincides with the hydraulic grade Free surface flow occurs at the point where the hydraulic grade intersects the top of the barrel and a backwater curve extends upstream The backwater curve intersects the upper conjugate depth of a hydraulic jump at L 29 2 feet and Y 3 95 feet The jump extends to the lower conjugate depth which is the normal depth at L 14 6 feet Normal depth extends then to the outlet Hydraulics for Open Channels and Culverts B 16 Free Surface Flow 4 6042 0 8958 0 831 70 6 331703 14 6042 0 0 831703 5 435903 14 5578780 0 83318315 391061 4 511556 0 0 837124 5 348681 14 465235 0 0 84230015 307535 4 418913i0 0 848476 5 267389 44 92256 4 372592 0 10 855542 5 228134 43 041 3614 326270 0 0 863433 5 1897
19. either in the form of Intensity Duration Frequency IDF tables or as an equation There are three different preset intensity duration equation formats For such rainfall equations user defined frequency variables can be input Land Use Items These items are used to store runoff coefficients and graphic symbology for various land uses contained in drainage products The parameters input are Item ID which is used to recall the item from within a GEOPAK Drainage project description of the land use item description of each land use runoff coefficients and level color style and weight of the graphic elements Node Items Node library items contain descriptions plan view representation and dimension information for node structures The node types are curb grate slotted drain junction outlet and other generic nodes such as grade breaks Further specifications for each node can be made such as profile types dimensions etc Link Items Link items are used to store the pipe configurations Three types of properties are specified for each pipe a Shape arch box circular ellipse or pipe arch b Material aluminum or steel c Type standard low profile or high profile When a pipe item is added or modified a dialog box appears that prompts for the item ID description shape material Manning s roughness coefficient rise and span COMPONENT MENU COMMANDS The component menu selections allow one to add edit and delete
20. in a file known as a preference file The File gt Save As gt Geometry Annotation command saves a user defined preference file facilitating recall of a set of geometry parameters PARAMETER COMMAND The parameter file commands located on the File pull down menu allow one to open and save default parameters for placing StormWorks structures The File gt Active Parameters gt Open command loads previously saved design project parameters and default criteria into the active design from a specified ASCII file The File gt Active Parameters gt Save command saves the active StormWorks parameters into an ASCII parameter file These stored parameters are then recovered automatically when the File gt Active Parameters gt Open command is chosen The File gt Active Parameters gt Save As command saves an existing parameter file to a different name or a different directory When the file is saved it is stored on the hard disk drive and can be opened at any point during a design session STYLE COMMANDS The Style commands help in annotating profiles and the network data They are used to set up line styles font types colors and text sizes The File gt Style gt Open command opens a file that defines the appearance of StormWorks elements The level color line style and line weight of graphics of StormWorks elements such as pipes and nodes can be defined The File gt Style gt Save command saves the current sty
21. inlet upstream on the left to the outlet downstream on the right The lower axis of the plot is aligned with the bottom of the channel although we know that the channel bottom slopes down from left to right our view is presented horizontally The channel culvert outlet is submerged The top line extending the entire length of the channel is the energy grade line The middle line is the hydraulic grade line The lower line extending from about 55 feet downstream to the outlet is the depth of water at full barrel flow The water surface profile can best be described by viewing the tabulated data along with the graphical display Hydraulics for Open Channels and Culverts B 15 The Tabulated Results Panel Figure 5 shows the Surface Profile page with the Tabulated Results panel open The graph on the right automatically shrinks to fit the page The Tabulated Results panel presents the following information Lx The slope distance from the inlet Ye The water depth PH The pressure head VH The velocity head Ex The energy head Yx PHx VHx The inlet upstream boundary is assumed to be at normal flow The channel is on a steep slope and therefore Y normal depth is less than Y critical depth as displayed in the previous Open Channel Properties results panels For the conditions in this example downstream control will cause a hydraulic jump to occur in the barrel The first row in the table
22. one to analyze and evaluate drainage patterns The tools that can be employed are CREATE REFINED WATERSHED This tool is used to refine a Triangulated Irregular Network TIN file for use with other Drainage tools This tool processes the entire network evaluating ridges sumps and low points and determines more precise flow boundaries within the triangles Selection of this icon invokes a dialog box that prompts for the original TIN file name and the watershed TIN File name which is the refined file to be created w DELINEATE TIN WATERSHEDS The Delineate TIN Watershed tool displays the watershed boundaries that exist within a Digital Terrain Model A watershed is defined by either a low point within the TIN or a low edge point along the TIN hull MicroStation shapes may be created for each watershed contained in the TIN S DELINEATE WATERSHED This tool further delineates watersheds at any location within the network A boundary element representing the pour point of the watershed is indicated and the contributing watershed area is computed and delineated This tool also requires that the overall watershed boundary containing the pour point be selected This facilitates subdividing watersheds The resulting watersheds can then remove previously defined upstream watersheds to depict conditions as would occur if structures upstream are intercepting portions of the contributing watershed ay MAXIMUM DESCENT PATH FROM TRIANGLES
23. or without pipe confluences Grate used for grate opening inlets with or without pipe confluences Slotted Drain used for slotted drain inlets with or without pipe confluences Junction used for any confluence of pipes structure location that is not an inlet pipe size or slope change or flow addition that does not require an inlet Outlet used for the outlet or outfall of a storm drain network Using the Node pull down menu nodes can be added edited or deleted Selecting any of these options activates the Node Configuration Dialog box D 9 A Node Configuration Properties Ed Node ID CB A 8 Description Node Type _Curb Y Profile On Grade v Library Item Library Parameters Length 0 000 Computations Depression Width 0 000 I Depression Depression Depth 0 000 I Slope 0 000 Ta By Pass to Nade Max By Pass 0 000 Various parameters can be specified for a variety of options that include Properties Defines the type of node library reference for the node and if applicable bypass flow properties Location Defines the location and reference information for the Node Spread Criteria Applicable to inlets only this option is used to define the spread criteria for ponded width and depth calculations used in the inlet hydraulic computations Elevations Defines the Node elevation critical elevation and criteria for the elevations of Links connecting to the Node Junction Loss Defines overri
24. program will compute the culvert hydraulics for circular rectangular elliptical arch and user defined culverts The logic involves calculating the inlet and outlet control headwater elevations for the given flow The elevations are then compared and the larger of the two is used as the controlling elevation In cases where the headwater elevation is greater than the top elevation of the roadway embankment an overtopping analysis is done in which flow is balanced between the culvert discharge and the surcharge over the roadway In cases where the culvert is not full for any part of its length open channel computations are performed HydroCulv HydroCulv performs culvert hydraulic calculations to determine water surface profiles through culverts based on culvert geometry data and boundary conditions Output includes key results such as freeboard head loss inlet and outlet velocities as well as depth and velocity profile information throughout the culvert The output can be displayed in plots to aid in assessing the performance of the culvert over the range of boundary conditions and the sensitivity of results to certain variables http www waterengr com HydroTech V 1 0 HydroTech provides several scientific and engineering tools required in the analysis and manipulation of historical hydrological and water quality data Statistical analysis tools and utilities include log Pearson Type III plotting position formulas descript
25. system and GSS service drivers http www waterengr com HSPEXP HSPEXP is an expert system for calibration of the Hydrologic Simulation Program Fortran HSPF It interactively allows the user to edit the input uci file for the HSPF simulate with HSPF produce plots of HSPF output compared to observed values compute error statistics for a simulation and provide the user with expert advice on which parameters should be changed to improve the calibration In general the user will spend time repeating the cycle of simulate compute statistics see plots get advice and edit the parameters http flash net scitech freesoft htm Hydraflow Hydrographs Hydraflow Hydrographs is a Windows based rainfall runoff and hydrograph development and routing model for complex watersheds http www waterengr com HYDRAIN The HYDRAIN program includes CDS Culvert Design System This program provides the engineer with the option of hydraulic design of aculvert or hydraulic analysis of an existing or proposed culvert It routes hydrographs and considers both ponding and overtopping The design option automatically selects a culvert size and the number of barrels based on engineering data environmental constraints and site geometry The review option will take the chosen culvert shape and size and will display hydraulic performance data for the selected culvert HY 8 Culvert Analysis Program Given the appropriate data the
26. 04 4119778 4 279949 0 87210915 1 520591 39 3897114 233627 0 88154415 115172 37 61573i4 187306 0 891724 5 079030 35 874921 4 140984 0 902641 5 043626 34 16671 4 094663 0 91429715 008960 0 926696 49750371 30 847481 4 002019 29 23677 3 955698 14 64421 2 01220110 0 939847 4 941867 0 953763 4 909462 3 119720 5 131921 is oo oo o oF oO fo 32 49088 ToT Figure 5 The Surface Profile page with the Tabulated Results panel open SUMMARY Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the interface structure for the FREE SURFACE FLOW MODULE The module contains two main pages identified by tabs at the bottom the Open Channel Properties page and the Water Surface Profile page The Open Channel Properties page contains seven horizontal panels that may be expanded or collapsed e Define Section Shape Input data fields for specifying the channel culvert geometry The user can access standard shape files for six types of shapes by clicking on the load button e Sediment Detail An input data field for the depth of sediment in the section e Section Slope and Flow Input data fields for the channel slope and a range of flow values e Roughness Coefficients Input data fields for three values of Manning s n Primary n Bottom n and Sides n with associated distance up the sides from the bottom Hydraulics for Open Channels and Culverts B 17 e Norma
27. 8 92095947 17 9435306E 59 07090377 44 53204345 59 07090377 21 60821914 70 23583984 53 24757006 70 23583984 25 74937625 82 4157 46 62 75542066 8241577146 30 26700401 82 4157714 62 75542066 82 4157714 30 25700401 eli oO Oo oOo Oo Oo CO LcO DUcO CO CO CO o 95 RINRAAAE 73 NABRATTE 95 RINRAAAE I5 1R1NGAAE Figure 8 Tabulated Results CulvertApp Figure 9 Graphed Results Hydraulics for Open Channels and Culverts Culvert1 Yupo Culvert1 Yupl Paved m Road Surface Gravel User Coef Road Width m Max Water Surface El Road Embankment _ Downstream Bed El Downstream Bed St m Upstream Bed El Upstream Bed St Longitudinal Rd __ igt of stations amp elevations Profile Naiti Channel Shape Coad egies Roughness Coef ROADWAY PAGE m HeadWater Calculate Sediment Details Input Channel Details ee Sediment Details npu Channel Details Flow gal Channel Shape Neglect Roughness Goet TailWater _ L_ Max Design Typical Low and Incremental Flows Define Culert Shape Culvert Definition Roughness Coef Ge ae Culvert Details Sediment Details Ki H HeadWorks FHWA Table FHWA Empirical Coad Lu i gt Qa Q He oc Lu gt gt lt x A lt O o curvet PAGE 7 Dee ae ret I tail inl I outl o C
28. Advanced Computer Tools for Roadway Hydraulic and Hydrologic Design Utah Department of Transportation UDOT 00 05 And the Mountain Plains Consortium by William J Grenney Chandrasekhar Swaminathan Newell Crookston Utah State University Logan Utah January 2000 Disclaimer The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the information presented herein This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation University Transportation Centers Program in the interest of information exchange The U S government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof Table of Contents INTRODUCTION oann e iit Rie ee as A ee RS 1 PROJECT OBJECTIVES ci scssce ssl sec arree e e aee ete pap S ESTEE E o Ea stesveds stash eodatascpadeebsteauseesccioedstaacdebet 1 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND TASKS visccsiissoreesoreti a e a n A E REEE 2 Objective Lia sce test besen seas senocies cobecedh ee SE eSEE eE SEEE EEEE eE EKE E EEI EErEE E E EE EE STEE S EEEE ET 2 010111 AAA EEE ak E ee Ree ee E A Rh Re ee et EE 2 REVISED OBJECTIVES AND TASKS rari erie eree EE rE EEr eE E r n ires 2 ODOC VE 3 icessccssesleecseh deste sdescoctessdetdnen e e Ee a e saan en e E A ESSR Se EEE ESEESE 3 CULVERT HYDRAULICS PROTOTYPE MODEL sssssessssesesreeresresrsserresrrsresrssrerrrsrerenertenrerreresrreresrent 4 UDOT WORKSHOP npe ee A I en Aah as 4 REGIONAL VIDEO CONFE
29. Free surface contraction Bend Loss computation Terminal inlet junction Simple junction Complex junction Inlet Options Inlet Bypass Options Link Bypass Flow Options and Default Spread N values can be defined Node Options Default Node ID Prefix and Automatic Link Updating option can be defined Link Options The following items can be defined e Default Link ID Prefix e Design optimization options a minimize depth of cover or b minimize pipe size e Link Design Options a design for full capacity or b design partial capacity with d D ratio input or c design partial capacity with q Q ratio input e Hydraulic gradeline options a equal hydraulic gradeline or b equal energy gradeline Design Symbology Element parameters for drawing both plan and profile views of drainage system are defined DRAINAGE LIBRARY The Drainage ILbrary stores data and standards which can be shared by different designers There are 4 major categories in the Library e Rainfall Data e Land Use Runoff Coefficients e Nodes i e inlets outlets junctions etc e Links i e pipes Various File operations are provided in the Drainage Library These allow one to create a new library open an existing library file or save a file For each of the above 4 categories the user can add delete or modify items associated with a particular category Items included in each category are Rainfall Items GEOPAK Drainage stores rainfall data
30. GS standardized procedure for computing discharge by the slope area method http flash net scitech freesoft htm SCSCN The SCSCN is a storm runoff hydrograph model based on the SCS Curve Number method and NEH4 http www waterengr com SCSHYDRO SCSHYDRO is a rainfall runoff model based on U S Department of Agriculture s Natural Resources Conservation Service NRCS formerly the Soil Conservation Service SCS hydrologic procedures This model is a replacement for TR 20 http www erols com cahh SMADA SMADA for Windows is a complete hydrology program that includes a number of separate executable files These programs work together to allow hydrograph generation pond routing storm sewer design statistical distribution and C 10 regression analysis pollutant load monitoring matrix calculation and others Extensive on line documentation is available for all programs These programs are useful in both classroom and professional applications http www waterengr com STATS The STATS program is designed to reduce large volumes of time series data to a few meaningful statistics or curves The program will perform the following analyses 1 duration curves 2 annual maximum events 3 annual minimum events 4 departures of monthly and annual values from respective means and 5 annual volume duration exchange of high and low events Data to be used as input to this program can be provided from a dat
31. RENCES sissies soe sashssgedscesstesstescdescocsas thes dekssesderssveas TEISESSE De Peo ETES ETE EE Eoi SEEPS 4 SURVEY OF GIS TYPE HYDROLOGY MODELS eee cee cece a a SE EEA EE E 6 GENERAL SURVEY viscose eiitini tid Minit aie eat eel A Li ele nate teed 6 SMS Surface Water Modeling System ee ee ceseceecesecseecseeeeecseecseeeaeeseesseeseseesecaecsaecsaecsaecaaeees 6 RMS River Modeling System ois sis sessettesees esses siete ross stese rea Tes ETs oa sada ERE TE Ek PSOE EEEE Eo Ea bE sense 6 GEOPAK DRA NA GE a E fave E a ab sa Eaa aa EA a A E E E Rai T SAROIA AEO r EE EAE AE T WMS Watershed Modeling Program s i iscsi se eceeseesseeeeeesceescesecesecesecnaecsaecseecaeecsaseaeseeeseeeeeeeseeeseessaecaeeeas 7 DISCUSSION siensia Lois Beige SOs ete Ro eee BS Gs Rel ais BAe aii RA eee 8 RECOMMENDATIONS tis scchisien tice eee ad tied ed Weil settee oes hd Be ka e R E ate 11 APPENDIX A Workbook for the TEL8 Conference eee ceeereeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeesecnsecsaecsaecnaeeneeeas A 1 APPENDIX B Prototype Culvert Module ccccccccescecsseceeececssecseeeecaecseeeecsaecseeeecsaeeseeeecsuesseeeeesseenees B 1 APPENDIX C Models Removed During Initial Screening 00 0 0 eee eee eee ceeeceeeeeecesecaecnaecneesaeeeae C 1 APPENDIX D Comparison of GEOPAK and Storm WorkS ccceccesseesseeseeesceeeeeseceeeeseeeseenseeneeeeeeas D 1 APPENDIX E available upon request INTRODUCTION Localized flooding and road damage can occur if drainage systems
32. Rt 3 6146 ft B 21458 f Span 7 2083 ft Re f1 8854 ft Number of barrels 2 z Clear Roadway Figure 4 The Culvert Page with the Define Culvert Shape panel expanded CulvertApp Bel EA Eile Edit Caclulate Help Tools LRoadw ay1 Roadway Pipe rch Tabulated Results Graphed Results fPperch i lt N ase 2 Open Number Culverts Selected 1 Primary n fo 0150 Sidesn 10 0200 Bottom n fo 0300 Sides H 2 0000 ft jetals OOOO P Inlet Tina Elevation 110375 ft Length 150 00 Inlet 103 75 Station Slope 0 0250 Sediment Details _ al Sediment Depth 1 0000 ft Add Culvert Delete Culvert T Default T FHWA Table T ki P FHWA Empirical Clear Roadway Hydraulics for Open Channels and Culverts B 6 In addition to the data required to define the Culvert Unit data are required to define the headworks associated with each culvert barrel All barrels in a Culvert Unit must have the same headworks and the conditions at one headworks do not affect the conditions at another The HeadWorks panel in Figure 5 allows the user to select one or more methods for calculating the headworks energy losses at the inlet e Default Not defined in this version of the computer model and will probably be removed e Ki A minor loss coefficient e FHWA Table The formulas and tabulated coefficients in HDS 5
33. a file or the data can be accessed through HEC s Data Storage System HEC DSS This latter capability provides for the analysis of output from other HEC programs The frequency analysis may be analytical for data that tends to follow a theoretical distribution e g annual maximum daily flows or graphical for those data that do not tend to follow any known distribution e g regulated flows The input data may be transformed to logarithms for the statistical analyses if required Program documentation consists of detailed input descriptions http www waterengr com SWMM43 TOC TR 20 SWMM4 3 is the latest version of the Rainfall Runoff Model developed by the U S Environmental Protection Agency http www waterengr com TOC computes overland time of concentration suing a combination of the Kinematic Wave Formula and the Green amp Ampt Method The technique was developed and published by Dr Akan and received an ASCE award as an outstanding contribution to irrigation and drainage research and education In terms of formulation this program is the state of the art in time of concentration methods http www erols com cahh TR 20 is the U S Department of Agriculture s Natural Resource Conservation Service formerly the Soil Conservation Service program for project formulation hydrology http www waterengr com TR 55 TR 55 is the U S Department of Agriculture s Natural Resource Conservation
34. aar Tangara ay Culvert Tabulated Results Graphed Results si Save Culvert Edit Culvert Edit Headworks Calculate Ic Cancel Ay ee Add Culvert Delete Culvert 1 mber Culverts Selected 1 Clear Roadway Figure 7 Pop up menu for calculating the results Figure 8 shows the Tabulated Results page after the calculation TotQ is the total flow QPB is the Flow per Barrel Ytw is the tail water depth YupI is the upstream depth due to inlet control and YupO is the upstream depth due to outlet control Figure 9 shows the Graphed Results page The graph plots YupI and YupO versus total flow NOTE THE CALCULATE FUNCTION THE TABULATED RESULTS PAGE AND THE GRAPHED RESULTS PAGE ARE NOT PRODUCING THE CORRECT ANSWERS IN THE BETA 1 0 VERSION OF THE SOFTWARE Hydraulics for Open Channels and Culverts B 8 CulvertApp 3 837996482 1 64558875 6 291 nan 5 953531 26 6 29120254 2 349183797 9 3361 85458 7 436871051 9 3361 95458 3 039461612 fret E 1339616202 8794005392 1339616202 3 93864488 18 4711341 1283922100 18 47113416 6549463272 _ 14 24 561 0980S 17 5931 4346 24 5610980 8 80827617E Culvert 29 79466247 21 67854690 2979466247 10 74944400 31 B660594 23 13938902 31 66605945 11 44355865 39 78601 455 29 47795295 39 7860145 14 45530986 48 92095947 36 60883712 4
35. ace loading terrain model data and then saving the surface The File gt Surface gt Save command saves point and triangle information from the active surface to a digital terrain model DTM or topological triangulated network TTN file Note that this command does not prompt before overwriting an existing surface The File gt Surface gt Save As command saves point and triangle information from an existing surface to a digital terrain model DTM or topological triangulated network TTN file The Geometry command on the File pull down menu allows one to create load and save geometry project files These files contain geometric information defining points alignments super elevation lists and their parameters A geometry project is similar to a database in that it stores and organizes information about several geometry projects at a time Note that only one geometry project can receive input at a given time The File gt Geometry gt New Geometry command allocates memory for a new geometry project A geometry project needs to be created before working on the design It is worthwhile to note here that Geometry project files are interchangeable between StormWorks InRoads InRail and all subset products such as InXpress CogoWorks SiteWorks and TrackWorks The File gt Geometry gt Open command loads an existing geometry project file into memory IMPORT COMMANDS StormWorks provides various commands to import d
36. ace profiles for many prismatic open channel shapes including circular rectangular trapezoidal triangular u shaped and tubular It handles both subcritical and supercritical flow types and includes several new tools for designing weirs orifices and underflow gates Flow Pro also computes many useful flow and channel properties such as critical depth and slope hydraulic radius and wetted perimeter normal depth and channel C 4 roughness It uses the Manning equation and numerical integration for state of the art accuracy and accepts both English and SI units of measure http www europa com psapps vault htm Flow Tool FlowTool is a hydraulic calculator program for PC compatible computers FlowTool allows the solution of equations relating to pipe pressure pipe gravity weir orifice gutter and channel flows All equations may be solved for any variable and partial solutions are performed if not enough information is provided A range for a variable may also be specified and multiple solutions will be calculated automatically to generate rating tables Also the program includes Pipe Analysis which checks all flow types and determines the controlling factor http www ramss com hydro html FLOWPROF FLOWPROF computes one dimensional steady state water surface profiles in prismatic and transition open channels http www erols com cahh FREQ The program FREQ is a graphics based LP3 flood frequency estimation pr
37. ach bypass inlets compute time of flow highlight inlets with or without routed bypass and detach the computed area flow or injected flow from a specific structure DESIGN COMMANDS The Palettes gt Design commands is used to design a new storm drainage system One can design an individual structure or downstream structures that are affected by discharge from upstream structures Additionally this command can be used to analyze pipe design characteristics compute pipe sizes and analyze channel design characteristics Note that when designing structures StormWorks displays a warning if design criteria are exceeded f the report lock is toggled on a dialog box appears displaying the warning messages MANIPULATE COMMANDS The Palettes gt Manipulate commands is used to fine tune the drainage network and to manipulate and modify the information stored on the StormWorks structures These commands are used to adjust the layout to satisfy the minimum cover criteria to renumber network connections and to review edit the structure parameter values PROFILES COMMAND The Palettes gt Profile commands allow one to work with profiles of the drainage system This command can be used to create a profile of a drainage system update existing profiles set parameters for and display profile annotation display graphics where linear features intersect a profile check pipe cover between profile structures insert manholes and inlets into a profil
38. are not properly designed The Utah Department of Transportation UDOT had the HYDRAIN computer library standardized on the U S Federal Highway Administration FHWA for conducting drainage calculations However this suite of computer programs is DOS based and can be difficult to use effectively by consultants and UDOT engineers In addition HY DRAIN does not provide a conventional geographical information system GIS module for estimating watershed parameters The HYDRAIN software currently available does not interface directly with the MicroStation Computer Aided Design CAD system being used throughout UDOT The Hydraulics Division believes that productivity and accuracy could be increased by improving the culvert module and by identifying an improved hydraulic design software program Therefore this project was initiated to develop and select advanced computer programs to improve roadway hydraulic and hydrologic design tools available for use by UDOT engineers and consultants The development and selection of such computer software that uses engineering analysis and interactive graphics is expected to reduce design and production times and improve quality control PROJECT OBJECTIVES Project objectives were developed under the guidance of the UDOT Technical Advisory Committee TAC Members of the TAC for the project included Name Organization Telephone Bryan Adams UDOT Central Hydraulics 801
39. articipants to refer to HEC 15 Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts HEC 14 Hydraulic Design of Energy Dissipators for Culverts and Channels Conference Cost 100 per site should be sent to the Cynthia Prante at the Utah Transportation Center Utah State University Logan UT 84322 8200 in order to cover operating and material costs INTRODUCTION DEFINITION OF TERMS List of Symbols Following is the list of symbols used in this manual A D Ds D Dr Cross sectional area of the water in a channel culvert The rise of the cross section of a channel culvert The span of the cross section of a channel culvert The distance from the top of fill in the bottom of the channel culvert to its top The depth of the fill in the bottom of the channel culvert The energy head Y Hp Hy The energy head just inside the barrel at the inlet The energy head just upstream from the headworks Froude number Acceleration of gravity Hydraulic head Y H Hydraulic head just inside the inlet Hydraulic head just inside the outlet Pressure head Pressure head just inside the inlet Pressure head just inside the outlet Velocity head Velocity head just inside the inlet Velocity head just inside the outlet Head loss at the inlet Minor loss coefficient at the inlet Slope distance from the inlet to some point along the channel culvert Length of hydraulic jump Slope distance from the inlet to the outlet Ma
40. asins Interflow and base flow are not simulated Snow accumulation and snowmelt are not simulated http www flash net scitech freesoft htm Flash20 A pulldown version of TR 20 Flash20 provides a user friendly data input program for SCS s TR 20 hydrology software Generates a TR 20 input file from TR 55 hydrology data computed with Flash55 Allows you to graphically connect drainage areas and route them through channels and structures Flash20 will automatically run TR 20 for you too with no input required And because you are still using SCS s TR 20 method reviewing agencies will accept your data without the hassles associated with using other software http www ramss com hydro html Flash55 A pulldown version of TR 55 Flash55 is a hydrology program for PC compatible computers It performs SCS TR 55 method hydrology computation and report preparation with easy to use pulldown menu user interface Users can enter soil types land uses and areas and the software selects the correct CN and percent of impervious area The program also inputs elevations and flow lengths to automatically compute the watercourse slopes of Tc paths An unlimited number of drainage areas subareas and Tc path segments are allowed Total impervious area is also computed for each drainage area Also transfers files from HYDROmate TR 55 software for the HP48 http www ramss com hydro html Flow Pro 2 0 Flow Pro computes steady state water surf
41. ata These commands are used to a Transform MicroStation graphic elements into geometry data The File gt Import gt Geometry From Graphics command transforms MicroStation graphic elements into geometry data b Load ASCII files that contains alignment data The File gt Import gt ASCII Geometry command loads a horizontal or vertical alignment or COGO points by loading an ASCII file that contains the alignment information One can load horizontal alignments containing any combination of the following elements tangents circular curves and spiral curves Note that this command does not support station equations vertical clothoids or non linear spirals c Load ASCII surface data The File gt Import gt ASCII Surface command loads digital terrain model data stored in an ASCII text file into a surface Importing ASCII data allows one to define the coordinates of points of a surface using data collected in the field d Load digitized model and MicroDrainage data The File gt Import gt Surface From Graphics command loads terrain model data digitized in a MicroStation design file into an existing surface Terrain model data can include digitized contours and graphic elements representing the location of random breakline contour interior boundary or exterior boundary points One can select elements from a reference file as input to this command The File gt Import gt ASCII Model command reads existing ASCII data files to create a
42. ation of horizontal and vertical alignments horizontal and vertical stations 3 D alignments points and profiles This command affords control over the alignments and elements to be displayed as well as their annotation Sub commands are viewing the active alignment and stationing and fitting the alignment LAYOUT COMMANDS The Palettes gt Layout commands allow one to interactively place drainage structures such as pipes inlets channels manholes and pumps These commands are usually used after a new project design file is set up This includes defining the active project parameters the minimum and maximum design criteria and the display characteristics of the structures After loading and defining the active surface the Layout commands are used to place the structures needed to design the storm drainage system FLOW COMMANDS The Palettes gt Flow commands allow one to define percentages of land cover and compute peak runoff flow rate resulting from a storm These commands are used to define the parameters for calculating rainfall intensity and to determine the type of equation best suited for computing inlet time of flow Other features of this command allow one to get flow into the system establish the discharge parameters compute drainage areas and peak runoffs attach computed drainage areas to a specified structure highlight the attached areas and highlight inlets not attached to drainage areas Additionally one can att
43. des or disables Junction Loss computations for the Node Discharge Options Defines the Node discharge options and source of the discharge for the Node Computations Applicable to inlets only this option evaluates the hydraulic adequacy of the Inlet and displays the current hydraulic computations for the inlet D 10 4 HE LINK ELEMENT Links connect and convey runoff from various nodes within a network to the outlet and consist of pipes boxes or ditches Links can be added modified and deleted using the Link configuration definition dialog box g Link Configuration Definition Options LinkID 55 12 defini Description FiomNodef ToNodef Computation Length 0 0000 Configuration Shape Arch v Material Aluminum v Type Standard v I Design Size Size Ditch I Design Barrels Number of Barrels v Manning s n 0 000 Various sets of parameters can be chosen for four items as follows Definition Defines the Link s path connectivity shape material roughness coefficient size and design options Conditions Defines or reviews the elevation condition for the Link including minimum depth soffit invert and slope data It also includes the profiling options for holding certain values constant Constraints Defines the Link constraints including the minimum and maximum rise size slope and velocity used in Link design Computation Reviews the Link hydraulic computations THE REACHES ELEMENT
44. e and move profile structures HEC WESPRO COMMANDS The Palettes gt HEC WSPRO commands is used to create HEC 2 and WSPRO channel sections to import HEC 2 and WSPRO water surfaces and to plot water surface profiles HYDROLOGY COMMANDS The Palettes gt Hydrology commands allow one to display features such as contours ridges flat areas and valleys that affect water flow on the surface of the DTM One can also display flow paths and tributaries and compute the volume of water in retention ponds UTILITIES COMMANDS The Utilities commands allow one to perform general design file tasks that are appropriate throughout the design cycle such as manipulating and reviewing the active geometry The Utilities gt Active Surface command allows one to designate any existing surface as the active surface The surface should have been created or opened before using this command The Utilities gt Delete Surface completely deletes a surface and removes the point and triangle data associated with the surface This command is used when incorrect data is loaded onto the surface The Utilities gt Review Surface command reviews information associated with any surface This command can be used to review the number of points and triangles in a surface Modifications can be made to the name description and maximum triangle side length parameters associated with any surface Ea Review Surface x Surface demo Name demo Descriptio
45. e program can handle multiple drainage networks comprising any number of topologically connected areas inlets pipes and ditches It uses the MicroStation graphics environment for the definition design and review of drainage systems http bentley com products ceproducts STORMWORKS Intergraph s StormWorks which integrates with a suite of other Intergraph civil engineering applications is a comprehensive program for surface water collection transport and disposal The program utilizes 3 D modeling and interactive graphics http www intergraph com iss products civil WMS WATERSHED MODELING PROGRAM The WMS software provides a comprehensive environment for hydrologic analysis of watershed systems Developed in cooperation with the U S Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station and marketed and supported by BOSS International http www bossintl com WMS provides graphical tools for use in delineation of watersheds and flood plains The U S Army Corps of Engineers HEC 1 and the U S Soil Conservation Service TR 20 hydrologic routing programs see Appendix D may be set up and viewed in a user friendly graphical environment Interfaces to the USGS National Flood Frequency program and the Rational Method Equation provide other modeling options http ripple wes army mil software DISCUSSION Results of the evaluation of the software packages were presented to the TAC at a meeting at Utah State University At
46. e program comes with a complete bound copy of the User s Manual http www waterengr com PRMS The Precipitation Runoff Modeling System PRMS is a modular design deterministic distributed parameter modeling system developed to evaluate the impacts of various combinations of precipitation climate and land use on C 9 streamflow sediment yields and general basin hydrology Basin response to normal and extreme rainfall and snowmelt can be simulated to evaluate changes in water balance relationships flow regimes flood peaks and volumes soil water relationships sediment yields and groundwater recharge Parameter optimization and sensitivity analysis capabilities are provided to fit selected model parameters and evaluate their individual and joint effects on model output The modular design provides a flexible framework for continued model system enhancement and hydrologic modeling research and development http flash net scitech freesoft htm RAMSS Hydraulic Model SAC The RAMSS Hydraulic Model performs channel basin and structure routings for complex networks of structures It allows analysis of scenarios not possible using static rating table based software Multiple basin designs can be analyzed where varying tailwaters control discharges Discharge types include circular pipe box culvert risers weirs and exfiltration http www ramss com hydro html The Slope Area Computation SAC program follows US
47. ed a dialog box appears with the following features Network Either all the networks are selected or only the active network is selected Component A list box allows one to choose the various components supported by GEOPAK Drainage ID Description List Box Lists all defined elements of the specified component and their respective descriptions Add Delete Edit Buttons These buttons are used to add delete or modify elements of a specified type and ID Query This check box activates the query tool that searches for components either by a value or a constraint The View gt Global Editor option in the Navigator tool brings up the global editor dialog box The Global Editor is used to edit the input variables and parameters of the system under consideration Numeric variables are edited with the New Value field and alphanumeric variables use the overwriting text or find and replace text fields View Tools Network _AllNetworks _ Component Area 7 Current Value Not Available ID Description Variable to Edit ID Area Description Area Time of Concentration Area Composite Area Area Remainder C Value lt Ho H Vicia irene Apply Edit With Confirm Apply Edit No Confirm D 19 When the Tools gt Update Graphics is selected in Navigator or Global Editor the graphic representation of the selected components will be updated DRAINAGE TOOLS Exercise of this option brings up a tools palette that allows
48. ed to calculate the tailwater conditions by selecting Tailwater Calculate in the drop down selection box as shown in Figure 2 As a result four panels appear to accept the data for the downstream channel Channel Details Roughness Coefficients Sediment Details and Define Culvert Shape The input data fields on these panels are similar to those in the FREE SURFACE FLOW MODULE Figure 3 shows the Roadway page with the panels expanded for the downstream channel data that will be used to calculate normal depths for the tailwater elevations A rounded triangle has been specified for the downstream channel The geometric parameters are shown in Figure 3 Hydraulics for Open Channels and Culverts CulvertApp lei Es File Edit Caclulate Help Tools LRoadway1 Road Way Culvert Tabulated Results Graphed Results JF oadway Close All Open All l Channel Details Roadway Wizard Rie slope aT Wier Coeficients Primary n joo Sides n joo Bottom n joo Sides H 10 0 ft Sediment Details Sediment Depth po ft Define Chanel Shape Pounded Tinde Load Rounded Triangl Side Run Rise i Max Depth 1d ft Width at Top of Parabola fp t Clear Roadway Figure 3 The Roadway page with the panels expanded for the downstream channel data Culvert THE CULVERT PAGE Figure 4 shows the Culvert page with the Define Culvert Shape panel expanded A 7
49. eview of the fundamentals of flow through culverts and demonstration of model features for Free surface flow Hydraulic jump Water surface profiles Demonstration of features of the new Culvert Model including Roadway Properties Window Culvert Properties Window Flow Properties Window Results Window Demonstration of new features for filing printing and data sharing Demonstration of features for the Energy Dissipater Module including Scour hole Internal dissipaters External dissipaters Hydraulic jump The workbook for the teleconference which includes a discussion of the fundamental processes upon which the Culvert Model is based is provided as Appendix A The Prototype Culvert Module is a tool for calculating information about flows in open channels and closed barrels commonly used for culverts including The shape geometry for sixteen standard shapes The hydraulic properties of a user defined shape as well as the standard shapes The water surface profile for a specified upstream or downstream boundary condition The User s Manual for the Prototype Culvert Module is presented in Appendix B The source code for the computer module is presented in the last Appendix of this report Appendix E SURVEY OF GIS TYPE HYDROLOGY MODELS GENERAL SURVEY A survey of potential software products was made using the Internet A summary of software products including short descriptions of applications and features that were sc
50. fically for hydraulic design New objective The new objective was further defined as follows Objective 3 Survey hydraulic design software products that have the potential to interface with UDOT roadway design procedures and standards and recommend one for use by UDOT Task 1 Conduct a survey of hydraulic software products that currently are available and have the potential to support UDOT roadway design procedures and standards Task 2 Present a summary of features of selected software products and recommend use of one for UDOT CULVERT HYDRAULICS PROTOTYPE MODEL UDOT WORKSHOP The fall 1998 workshop held in the Engineering Computer Laboratory at the University of Utah was conducted for the Utah Department of Transportation and covered the following topics Software features of the culvert model Prediction of scour at a structure outlet Design of internal and external energy dissipaters Hydraulic jump REGIONAL VIDEO CONFERENCE When Project Objective No 1 Development of a Culvert Module was about 50 percent complete a teleconference was presented by Dr Grenney to demonstrate the new computer modules as well as to get focus group critique and feedback from practicing design engineers on how the modules could be improved The Utah Wyoming and N D Departments of Transportation participated in the eight hour video conference Topics included Summary of the new modeling processes being implemented R
51. g a Network either the Active Network or All Networks e An Edit option that brings up the Drainage Definition Dialog box e A Highlight option that is used to highlight a specific item e A Window Center option that centers the specific area selected The following screen shots show the reports along with the features afforded by them Reports gt Drainage Areas Drainage Area Summary 8 016 0 160 10 000 n a 6 454 0 134 10 000 n a i S CB A 3 7 395 0 154 10 000 n a 11 297 0 235 10 000 n a 1 459 Unassigned 6 498 0 135 10 000 n a 10 906 0 227 10 000 n a 1 030 Unassigned Reports gt Storm Drains Links gt Link Configuration 2 Storm Drain Configuration Summary for Network SYSTEM A Calculations Current OUTLETA 35 005 132 11 Circul 858 576 852 115 OUTLETA 5 098 163 00 Circul 856 415 853 115 MH 4 33 675 150 00 Circul 862 256 858 576 MH 4 1 329 19 486 Circul 859 654 859 576 MH 3 27 851 200 00 Circul 865 394 862 256 MH 3 5 824 52 826 Circul 863 874 863 256 MH 2 25 973 120 00 Circul 869 111 865 394 MH 2 1 879 45 560 Circul 866 577 866 394 MH 1 1 306 170 95 Circul 874 176 870 111 MH 1 24 666 30 251 Circul 869 232 869 111 Reports gt Storm Drains Links gt Link Hydraulic Computations 2 Storm Drain Configuration Summary for Network SYSTEM A Calculations Current OUTLETA 860 586 853 194 105 712 5595 18 432 1 027 17 248 1 080 OUTLETA 857 284 853 684 17 417 2 209 8 234 0 572 8 285 0 569 MH 4 864 230 859 840 74 866 2
52. h faster and provides for 20 reservoirs and 40 control points whereas the overlayed edition provides for 7 reservoirs and 15 control points http www waterengr com HEC 2 This U S Army Corps of Engineers water surface profiles program has become the standard for FEMA floodplain evaluations and river channel design The program runs in sub or super critical mode and has extensive bridge and culvert modeling capabilities It will also model sideflow weirs drop structures and floodplain encroachments http www waterengr com HEC 6 This program is used for the evaluation of scour and deposition in rivers and reservoirs It is an extension to the HEC 2 channel geometry model incorporating suspended and bedload sediment data Sediment gradation and inflow tables are input into the model as well as long term inflow hydrographs The output identifies reaches and depths of sedimentation and channel scour http www waterengr com HEC FFA The HEC Flood Flow Frequency Analysis FFA program performs frequency computations of annual maximum flood peaks in accordance with the Water Resources Council Guidelines for Determining Flood Flow Frequency Bulletin 17B This edition replaces the previous HEC WRC program date of last program release February 1995 Version 3 1 The program comes with a complete bound copy of the User s Manual The program also comes with the U S Army Corps of Engineers data storage
53. he Environmental Protection Agency EPA currently use WDM files The WDM file provides users with a common database for many applications thus eliminating the need to reformat data from one application to another There is also an expanding library of subroutines for graphics user interaction and data storage and retrieval available to application programmers designing software utilizing WDM files http flash net scitech freesoft htm AquaDyn AquaDyn allows the complete description and analysis of hydrodynamic conditions e g flow rates and water levels of open channels such as rivers lakes or estuaries http waterengr com BRANCH The Branch Network Dynamic Flow Model BRANCH is used to simulate steady or unsteady flow in a single open channel reach branch or throughout a system of branches network connected in a dendritic or looped pattern BRANCH is applicable to a wide range of hydrologic situations wherein flow and transport are governed by time dependent forcing functions BRANCH is particularly suitable for simulation of flow in complex geometric configurations involving regular or irregular cross sections of channels having multiple interconnections but can be easily used to simulate flow in a single uniform open channel reach Time varying water levels flow discharges velocities and volumes can be computed at any location within the open channel network Streamflow routing and computation by the BRANCH model is
54. he Settings gt Preferences command opens the Preferences dialog box The Preference dialog box is used to define preferences for precision format and units A set of default preferences for these parameters is displayed on the dialog box Ea Preferences PIPES COMMAND The Settings gt Pipes command opens the Pipe Parameters dialog box which lets one set parameters that control the layout and design characteristics of a pipe These parameters are used when placing pipes in the design Similar commands are used for the layout and design of inlets manholes channels culverts and pumps AREAS COMMAND Palettes The Settings gt Areas command opens the Area Parameters dialog box which is used to set parameters required for computing drainage area and peak runoff flow rate The computation method is selected among the Modified Rational method or SCS unit hydrograph method and the required parameters are entered which vary depending on the method The Flow gt Compute Flow command can then be used to compute the area and runoff of a selected shape polygon P Area Parameters TE 4 280000 ANNOTATION COMMAND The Settings gt Annotation command opens the Annotation Styles dialog box which is used to define parameter values for textual labels for structural design elements such as pipes manholes inlets channels and so on A label can be assigned to each attribute of a given element type structu
55. his command can be used to evaluate a model and pinpoint areas that either have too many points or too few points VIEW DTM POINT ELEVATIONS COMMAND The View gt DTM Point Elevations command finds the elevation z coordinate of any point in the surface This command automatically annotates an area of the surface or is used to manually identify individual locations on the surface at which to display elevations VIEW SLOPE VECTORS The View gt Slope Vectors command displays vector lines and arrowheads to show the downhill direction and degrees of slopes at various points throughout a surface The length of each vector is proportional to the slope of the model longer vectors indicate steeper slopes TWO POINT SLOPE COMMAND The View gt Two Point Slope command is used to display the slope between two points The slope is represented as a linestring based on the active MicroStation text and symbology settings VIEW DRAPE SURFACE The View gt Drape Surface command projects existing MicroStation elements to the elevation of the active surface and then redisplays those elements This command drapes lines linestrings curves shapes arcs ellipses and complex strings or shape combinations of these elements Text nodes and cells can also be draped VIEW COLOR CODED COMMAND The View gt Color Coded commands display a surface in various colors based on the elevation of the points in the surface The surface may be color coded by e
56. iguration dialog box appears whose features include Network Configuration Ed Network ID Description Outlet Node Validation Computations Build Network Highlight Network Input Parameters Network ID Identification of the network Description Description of the network Outlet Node Identification of the outlet node ID This button is used to dynamically identify the outlet node D 14 Validation Group Box Build Network This button builds the storm drain network starting from the outlet node The purpose of building a network is to determine whether the storm drain system is ready to be analyzed or designed Highlight Network This button highlights all elements Areas Nodes and Links contained in the active network to aid visual inspection Computations Group Box Design Performs the hydraulic design of all the components contained in the network and evaluates it REPORTS MENU GEOPAK Drainage provides a set of commands to generate either custom or standard reports The reports pull down menu offers several report options Of these Drainage Areas Inlets and Storm Drains Links are standardized reports while the Builder and Generate menu selections are utilized for customized reports Standardized reports are designed for viewing only whereas hard copy output can be produced from customized reports A few features are common to all standardized reports These features in brief are e Selectin
57. inlet sd h K ae 2g RECONCILING THE HEADWATER AND TAIL WATER WITH CULVERT BOUNDARY CONDITIONS Tail Water and the Culvert Outlet Boundary The culvert outlet boundary is the condition just inside the outlet It is assumed that the hydraulic head at the outlet boundary H is equal to the depth of the tail water Yw H Y H Yw A user option is provided that will prevent H from ever being less than one half the sum of the critical depth and the depth to the top of the barrel DEY H gt 2 Headwater and the Culvert Inlet Boundary Headwater is the water depth Y just upstream from the culvert headworks inlet The Culvert Inlet Boundary is the hydraulic head H just inside the culvert barrel The head loss through the headworks h is the difference between the energy head upstream E and the energy head of the boundary Ej The parameters of greatest interest to designers are usually the upstream depth Y and the inlet head loss h Two general methods are used for calculating this depth 1 Calculate Y directly using empirical functions based on the flow rate Q the headworks configuration and the type and size of culvert 2 Calculate the head loss through the headworks hj and add it to the depth of flow at the inlet boundary Yj Method 1 FHWA Hydraulic Design Series No 5 Hydraulic Design of Highway Culverts provides functions for calculating the upstream depth Y
58. irection of flow within the triangles for a given region of the TIN Chapter 2 FEATURES OF STORMWORKS FILE MENU The File gt Open Project command loads all the information associated with an existing project The File gt Save As command creates a new project and specifies which data files to store there A project is comprised of surfaces coordinate geometry projects a general preference file and a geometry annotation preference file SURFACE COMMANDS The File gt Surface commands create open and save surface files Surface files can contain triangle and point information that define a Digital Terrain Model DTM A DTM is a numerical representation of a ground surface that is made up of x y z coordinates The File gt Surface gt New command creates a new independent surface which becomes the active surface The active surface is the surface that receives the input When this command is used the software creates a slot in memory where surface data is stored After this slot in memory is created point data can be loaded into the surface There is no D 23 limit to the number of points or triangles that may be loaded into individual surfaces An unlimited number of independent terrain models can be used simultaneously The File gt Surface gt Open command is the primary means of importing existing point and triangle information into a surface This command can be used after previously creating a surf
59. ive statistics hydrograph data viewers water quality indexing and fisheries stream flow requirements http www waterengr com HYRROM HYRROM is an easy to use conceptual rain runoff model with no requirement to understand the computing operating system or the structure of data files The main use of a rainfall runoff model is to predict river flows from rainfall and evaporation data In HYRROM flows are predicted using a simple realistic representation of the physical processes that govern water flow in a catchment The model incorporates interception soil groundwater and runoff stores and includes some representation of the losses due to evapotranspiration It can be calibrated manually or automatically using the built in Rosenbrock optimization routine The program is compatible with HYDATA Output is in the form of color screen graphics that can be sent to a plotter or graphics printer if required http www scisoftware com Meltsum Meltsum computes snowmelt from a degree day model http www waterengr com MLRP The Multiple Linear Regression Program MLRP follows the procedures of Statistical Methods in Hydrology Beard 1962 Major features of the program are automatic deletion of independent variables according to importance combination of variables to form new variables transformation of variables tabulation of the residuals from the prediction equation and acceptance of input coefficients Th
60. l Depth Relationships Figure 2 shows the longitudinal profile of a typical culvert on a mild slope Dr is the rise of the culvert section D is the distance from the top of the fill material in the bottom of the culvert to the top of the culvert Y is the depth of the water just upstream from the inlet In this example the culvert is on a mild slope and so the normal depth Y is greater than the critical depth Y The water surface drops from Y to Y as it passes through the inlet due to energy loss through the headworks The flow proceeds downstream at normal depth until it nears the outlet The tail water Yw is lower than the critical depth and so the water surface just inside the outlet Y dips through critical depth Water Surface LOOSST naan SRR ROKR a BES KKR RE KR K KON te RRKKK KKK SSO Figure 2 Typical culvert longitudinal profile on a mild slope The computer module contains a user option to restrict the depth just inside the outlet Ys from ever becoming less than Y D 2 Figure 3 shows the longitudinal profile for a culvert on a steep slope The critical depth Ye is greater than the normal depth Yn The upstream depth Yu dips rapidly to critical depth From there it dips slowly towards the normal depth as an S2 curve It is assumed that the depth just inside the inlet Y is equal to the critical depth Ry RRR Ray BSR BKK K KK ORK RIT ORE R ITE RoR KK RKO RR ACR KK KRIS
61. l Flow Results Output fields displaying the normal flow properties depth Yn velocity Va wetted perimeter P hydraulic radius R water surface top width T distance from the water surface to the centroid of the wetted area Ybar and the composite value of Manning s n Comp n e Critical Flow Results Output fields displaying the critical flow properties depth Y velocity V wetted perimeter P hydraulic radius R water surface top width T distance from the water surface to the centroid of the wetted area Ybar and the composite value of Manning s n Comp n e Maximum Flow Results Output fields displaying the properties for the maximum flow that can occur for this channel culvert without an upstream pressure head depth Ymax velocity Vmax wetted perimeter Pmax hydraulic radius Rmax water surface top width Tmax distance from the water surface to the centroid of the wetted area Ypar and the composite value of Manning s n Comp n For closed shapes Ymax will be less than the rise of the shape Hydraulics for Open Channels and Culverts B 18 Arch Box Box Corrugated Metal Load Box Multi Barrel Circle Ellipse High Profile Arch l i Low Profile Arch H Define Section Shape Panel Oval Parabola Pipe Arch Rectangle Rounded Triangle Trapezoid Triangle User Defined HO Sediment Detail Panel D E Depth of Sediment Depth E Section Slope and Flow Panel ee Flow Q
62. le file ANNOTATION SETTINGS COMMANDS The Annotation Settings commands located on the File pull down menu allow one to define annotation parameters These files are used to set up annotation parameters such as font text size color weight and label placement when annotating both networks and profiles QUIT COMMAND To exit StormWorks and keep MicroStation active the File gt Quit command is used When this command is chosen a check is made to verify that the project data has been saved The user is prompted to save the project in case this command is executed after changes are made to the project SETTINGS MENU The Settings commands provide a framework for all other StormWorks commands The Settings command can be used in the following ways e The write lock can be turned on and off e Preferences can be set for units and formats e Parameters can be set for placing and displaying drainage structures in designs e Parameters for computing area drainage and runoff can be set e Parameters for annotating structures and profiles select flow and time to inlet equations for calculations can be set e Parameters for MicroDrainage calculations can be set LOCKS COMMANDS The Settings gt Locks command allows access to the Write Snap Station Report and Dialog locks The Settings gt Locks gt Dialog command opens a dialog box that facilitates review and change of locks quickly and dynamically PREFERENCES COMMAND T
63. levation slope or aspect Each of these commands generates MicroStation shape elements and can produce a complete ASCII report showing area quantities for each elevation slope or aspect range Additionally when used in conjunction with any of the available MicroStation rendering commands the Color Coded commands yield accurate depictions of a site s elevation slopes or aspects VIEW ACTIVE ALIGNMENT The View gt Active Alignment command displays the active horizontal alignment in the design file VIEW STATIONING COMMAND The View gt Stationing command activates the View Stationing dialog box which controls the display of station annotation text along the active horizontal or vertical alignment Stations can be placed along a horizontal or vertical alignment at a specified interval ANNOTATE COMMAND The View gt Annotate command displays labels for attributes such as height length ID invert elevation contributing area discharge and material type for different StormWorks drainage structures Ei View Annotation x Element Type ANNOTATE PROFILE COMMAND The View gt Annotate Profile command displays labels for attributes such as ID slope length and material type of drainage structures and junctions in a selected profile CONTRIBUTING NETWORK COMMAND The View gt Contributing Network command allows one to view all of the elements that contribute to a network PALETTES COMMANDS The Palettes com
64. low Hydraulics for Open Channels and Culverts B 13 full barrel depth rise sediment depth 5 6042 1 0 4 6042 ft This will be the case for all closed shapes Functional Buttons KE The Erase button is used to erase the contents in the associated input field The Calculate button triggers the computational algorithms that read the input data and generate the results When the Calculate button is red the input data has been changed since the last time the button was clicked In other Calculete words the current results were not generated from the modified input data Red means Stop from using the results until this button has been clicked The button will turn green when it is clicked Green means Go ahead and use the results they have been generated from the current input data Clear Al 4 The Clear All button clear all of the fields in all of the input and results panels Close All The Close All button closes all panels Open All The Open All button opens all panels The Load button opens a dialog box for accessing a file E _ Soe containing the geometric properties for standard shapes WATER SURFACE PROFILES Figure 4 shows the Water Surface Profile page with the Graphed Results panel open The algorithms calculate the water surface profile for the shape and flow conditions defined on the previous Open Channel Prope
65. mands are used to perform the majority of the graphical placement and manipulation functions of StormWorks These commands display palettes from which a wide variety of tools can be chosen to view surface and geometry information One can also place design and manipulate drainage structures compute drainage information create and edit profiles and HEC 2 WSPRO sections import HEC 2 water surfaces and display hydrologic information MAIN COMMANDS The Main palette contains icons that represent all of the StormWorks commands available on the Palettes pull down menu This provides a shortcut to frequently used commands The Main palette can be displayed rather than going through the Palettes menu Beneath each icon on the Main palette lies the corresponding group of command icons represented as tear off palettes Options offered are View Surface palette View Geometry palette Layout palette Flow palette Design palette Manipulate palette Profiles palette and HEC WSPRO palette VIEW SURFACE The Palettes gt View Surface commands allows one to display the various elements of a surface Elements that can be displayed are perimeter contours depression contours label contours triangles DTM point elevations slope vectors two point slope drape surface color coded elevations color coded slopes color coded aspects and color coded triangles VIEW GEOMETRY The Palettes gt View Geometry commands control the display and annot
66. n existing ground surface Maximum Length 0 00 Data Totals Material Not Defined Active Deleted Random 7551 0 Breakline 882 0 Data Range Contour 0 Minimum Maximum Inferred 0 Northing 1114631 13944 50 Interior 0 Easting 11627 39 14859 64 Exterior 0 0 0 Elevation 914 00 975 20 Points Triangles w The Utilities gt Channel To Surface command merges the designed channel surface into an existing surface The resulting surface is a fully triangulated new surface containing the original surface data plus the channel The Utilities gt Triangulate Surface command is used to form or re form the 3 D faceted surface that defines a digital terrain model Small triangular plains are created by the exercise of this command PA Triangulate Surface x Surface demo Maximum Lenath 0 00 I View Triangles I Use Extended Data Checks Surface Features J Load Features Filter Tolerance 0 00 J Empty Existing Surface Number of Points 8433 Number of Triangles 16782 Elapsed Time sec 1 Coo Canc The Utilities gt Active Geometry command changes the active geometry project alignments and superelevation This command can also be used to display and update information The geometry types that can be activated are Geometry Project horizontal alignment vertical alignment and superelevation The Utilities gt Delete Geometry command removes from internal memory a geome
67. n cross section Therefore trapezoidal or irregular ditches can be designed but the material cannot be specified Slope and velocity constraints can be defined in both models In addition GEOPAK Drainage can set constraints on the channel rise Pipes Both models provide options for the type of pipe and the material used In the case of StormWorks the software automatically displays error flags if design limitations are exceeded In both programs pipe and ditch profiles can be created showing hydraulic and energy gradelines Flow equations GEOPAK Drainage uses the Manning flow equation while StormWorks offers a choice between the Manning Darcy Weisbach and Colebrook White equations It should be noted that in StormWorks pipes and culverts are designed using the Darcy Colebrook equation while open channels and gutters are always designed using the Manning equation 10 Pumps Pump parameters can be specified and included in the drainage design in the case of StormWorks while GEOPAK Drainage does not have such capability Management Capabilities Both GEOPAK Drainage and StormWorks offer extensive reporting facilities The reporting capabilities of GEOPAK Drainage are superior compared to StormWorks StormWorks offers queried reports whereas customized reports can be generated using GEOPAK Drainage This format can be saved for reuse StormWorks has a management tool that can be used to monitor the installation and service dates of
68. naming the structures in a drainage network compatible with the MicroStation naming system The network can then be saved to a sws file for further analysis The Utilities gt DraftWorks command activates the DraftWorks product APPENDIX E SOURCE CODE FOR THE CULVERT PROTOTYPE
69. nd save parameter values for analyzing and designing a drainage network using standard MicroDrainage modules This z o Ja 5 5000 5 0 000 jo Jo a 0750 oo foo o 1300 50 r is a two way process The values which are stored in a standard stormwater file are exported into MicroDrainage Upon completion of MicroDrainage analyses and design the stormwater file is imported back to StormWorks VIEW MENU The View commands provide the tools necessary to display data stored in digital terrain model surfaces and the active coordinate geometry project These views are for the active surface and geometry Many of these commands can also be accessed using StormWorks Palettes menus FIT SURFACE COMMAND The View gt Fit gt Surface command fits a graphic view using graphics associated with the active surface This command is helpful if the graphics associated only with a single surface is to be viewed This command does not fit coordinate geometry graphics into the view In addition MicroStation graphics in the design file that are a different elevation from the surface graphics may not appear Only one surface can be fit at a time FIT ALIGNMENT COMMAND The View gt Fit gt Alignment command reorients and resizes the selected view about the extents of an alignment Only one alignment can be fit at a time VIEW PERIMETER COMMAND The View gt Perimeter command displays the outermost edge of a triangula
70. nning s roughness coefficient Composite Mannings roughness coefficient Wetted perimeter Flow Flow per barrel in a multi barrel culvert Hydraulic radius Slope of the energy grade Slope of the bottom of the channel culvert Top width of the water surface Water velocity Horizontal distance from the inlet to some point along the channel culvert Horizontal distance from the inlet to the outlet Depth of water Lower conjugate depth Upper conjugate depth The distance from the water surface to the centroid of the wetted area Critical depth Depth of water just inside the inlet The depth of water when the section is full equal to D Normal depth Depth of water just inside the outlet Vins Tail water depth Yu Depth of water upstream from the culvert inlet Z Run over rise of the slope of the side of a channel culvert O Specific unit weight of water Figure 1 show three typical cross sections The Ellipse is defined by the rise D and span D The Trapezoid is defined by the span D equal to the bottom width and the run over rise for the sides z The Rounded Triangle is defined by the span D at the point where the parabolic Figure 1 Typical cross sections for channels and culverts bottom becomes tangent to the sides of the triangle and the run over rise of the sides of the triangle z For an open channel the rise D is the maximum depth before the flow overtops the sides Genera
71. odels Background Dr Grenney is currently leading a project to reprogram the FHWA HY8 Culvert and Energy Dissipator Design Computer Modules The project is about 80 complete Dr Grenney is offering this conference in order to demonstrate the new computer modules as well as to get feedback from practicing design engineers on how the modules can be improved before final release Topics 1 Summarize the new modeling process being implemented 2 Review the fundamentals of flow through culverts and demonstrate the model features for e Free surface flow e Hydraulic jump e Water surface profiles 3 Demonstrate features of the new Culvert Module e Roadway Properties Window e Culvert Properties Window e Flow Properties Window e Results Window 4 Demonstrate new features for Filing Printing and data sharing 5 Demonstrate the features for the Energy Dissipator Module e Scour hole e Internal dissipators e External dissipators e Hydraulic jump Program Boi nn e o Don o A o a oa E O O O Doo Adjourn S O Adjourn Site Requirements Each site must provide at least one PC running Window 95 for use by the students in the vicinity of the teleconferencing room Conference Materials Software will be sent to each site several days before the conference The software should be installed and running prior to the start of the conference Each site will provide their own copies of the following FHWA manuals for the conference p
72. of a drainage network roadway alignments vertical profiles and Digital Terrain Models DTMs play an important part GEOPAK Drainage is closely integrated with other GEOPAK civil engineering design software such as GEOPAK Bridge modeling and design GEOPAK Survey survey data handling and GeoTrain digital terrain modeling In similar fashion terrain files are interchangeable between StormWorks InRoads transportation design SiteWorks site design InWater water distribution InSewer wastewater collection and other Intergraph products Therefore the use of StormWorks may be preferable if terrain models have already been developed using other Intergraph software such as InRoads Surface files are saved with the extension dtm and geometry files are saved with the extension alg in InRoads These are the same files used to define the basin in StormWorks Hydrologic features Rainfall Data For rainfall data StormWorks uses intensity duration frequency tables or rainfall time of concentration or intensity equations for obtaining rainfall data GEOPAK Drainage also uses intensity duration frequency tables In addition GEOPAK Drainage has a wide range of equations from which to calculate rainfall intensity including i f a b c Tc i f a b c frequency Tc i f a b c In tc Peak Runoff GEOPAK Drainage uses the rational method for peak runoff computations and frequency dependent peak factors for runoff coefficients StormWork
73. ogram Estimation is done by least squares Features of the program are calculation of unbiases frequency factors and confidence limits for estimates The program allows the user to alter the value of skew and or peaks to years ratio The effects of any changes can be monitired graphically http www waterengr com GLSNET GLSNET a regional hydrologic regression and network analysis using generalized least squares uses an analysis of residuals technique to estimate a regional regression equation to predict flow characteristics at ungaged sites The regression analysis assigns different weights to observed flow characteristics These weights are based on record length cross correlation with flow characteristics at other sites and an assumed model error structure http flash net scitech freesoft htm Gully Gully is a program to compute gully control structure design parameters http www waterengr com HEC RAS The River Analysis System RAS is the first of the Hydrologic Engineering Center s Next Generation Software programs This Windows based water surface profiles program will replace HEC 2 and ultimately HEC 6 and UNET http www waterengr com HEC 1 HEC 1 is the U S Army Corps of Engineers flood hydrograph package for rainfall runoff simulations This program will produce runoff hydrographs for complex watershed networks incorporating reservoir and channel routing procedures The program will allow va
74. oject Menu selections are utilized for creating new GEOPAK Drainage projects opening existing projects saving projects establishing the project preferences and editing the Drainage Library GEOPAK Drainage does not possess an auto save feature Therefore the Project gt Save option must be regularly exercised PREFERENCES COMMAND This option is invoked to support user defined preferences that can be used to set project specific options A dialog box offers preferences for various options Below is a brief discussion of these options Preferences Units Units Project Components Hydrologic Method Rainfall Parameters Land Use Options Units A choice of English or Metric units can be made Project Components Directories and files for Drainage Library GPK file and Drainage Cell Library can be manipulated using this dialogue box Rainfall Parameters Rainfall data source can be chosen Land Use Options Drainage Library File is displayed and Land Use Data Source can be chosen Frequency Options Computation frequencies and runoff coefficient peaking factors can be chosen Intensity Option Minimum Time of Concentration and Intensity Options can be chosen Junction Losses Establishes the default junction loss equations and coefficients utilized in pipe hydraulic calculations for the current project Loss coefficients can be assigned to the following junctions Pressure expansion Free surface expansion Pressure contraction
75. ow e Calculate The user specifies the characteristics of the stream channel and the normal depth and velocity are calculated for each flow In Figure 2 the user has elected to neglect the energy in the approaching stream He she has elected to calculate the tailwater by specifying the characteristics of the channel downstream The Flow Panel The Flow panel provides input fields for four flows ranging from the lowest flow of interest to the maximum flow of interest Results will be calculated for each of these flows Hydraulics for Open Channels and Culverts B 3 In addition a Q_Inc flow increment field is provided Results will also be calculated at this increment from low flow to maximum flow In this example results will be calculated for flows ranging from 150 cfs to 1575 cfs in increments of 100 cfs Results will also be calculated at the four input flows CulvertApp let ES File Edit Caclulate Help Tools LRoadway Road Way Culvertt Tabulated Results Graphed Resuts JR oadway Close All Open All Road Embankment Roadway Wizard longitudinal Road Profile Flow E Headwater Neglect Inc fio T ailwater Calculate 5 r Flow g Max fi 575 Design fi 250 Culvert Typicall 725 Low fi 50 Define Chanel Shape Clear Roadway Figure 2 The Roadway page with the Flow panel expanded The Tailwater Channel Characteristics The user elect
76. panels and a graph panel for the cross section of the specified channel Hydraulics for Open Channels and Culverts B 11 For example in Figure 1 a 7 2 5 x 5 7 25 pipe arch has been selected in the Define Section Shape input panel The parameters defining the geometry for the section were loaded from a data file of standard shapes A sediment depth of one foot has been specified in the Sediment Details input panel The graph on the right shows the cross section and indicates the sediment depth The Section slope and Flow panel contains three fields The slope of the channel goes into the Slope field The remaining two fields are Depth and Q flow Only one of these fields may contain a non zero value If Q is specified e g 200 cfs then the depth must be set to zero erased by the little button When the Calculate button is clicked then the normal depth will be calculated e g 2 0122 ft If the Depth is specified then the flow Q will be calculated for that normal depth Figure 2 shows the page after the Define Section Shape Section Slope and Flow and Sediment Details panels have been collapsed and the Roughness Coefficients and Normal Flow Results panels have been expanded Free Surface Flow iofx Eile Options Close All Open Al Define Section Sh Sediment Details Section Slope and Flow Roughness Coefficients Primary n for
77. re Once the element type and attribute are selected text symbology positioning parameters and the label name prefix and suffix values can be defined Text symbology includes items such as color font height etc Positioning parameters are position offset spacing and angle The parameter values can be saved to an annotation ann file that can be opened later to retrieve a particular set of values Eg Annotation Styles x File Symbology B Element Type Position Center k Pipes Offset 0 000000 aian Spacing 0 000000 cern Angle 0 000000 Precision me Bypass From Prefix Capacity f Suffix PROFILE ANNOTATION COMMAND The Settings gt Profile Annotation command opens the Profile Annotation Styles dialog box which is employed to define parameter values for textual labels for profile structures and junctions Attributes can be assigned similar to the annotation command Ea Profile Annotation Styles ES File Symbology n Element Type Position _Center Profile Stuctwes Offset FO o00000 Ariu Spacing ooo ti C bee Prt Fly Angle 0 000000 Precision 0 12 Prefix fo Sufix S STRUCTURE IDs COMMAND The Settings gt Structure IDs command opens the Structure IDs dialog box Eg Structure IDs x Prefix Counter Pipe P O 2 Culvert iv 23 Manhole MH a Inlet C EJ Pump PM ti CS O OOC 23 Area A 2 D 35353 The Dialog box is utilized to review
78. reened out from further investigated is presented in Appendix C Software products that were evaluated in depth included the Surface Water modeling System SWMS RMS River Modeling System GEOPAK Drainage StormWorks and WMS Watershed Modeling Program SMS Surface Water Modeling System This program was recommended by the FHWA as a two dimensional modeling program It was developed by the Engineering Computer Graphics Laboratory at Brigham Young University BYU HYPERLINK http ecgl byu edu index html http ecgl byu edu index html and is marketed and supported by BOSS International http www bossintl com The software models the water surface elevation flow velocity contaminant transport and dispersion and sediment transport and deposition for complex two dimensional horizontal flow problems RMS River Modeling System This program marketed by BOSS International is used to compute water surface profiles for modeling bridges culverts spillways levees bridge scour floodway delineation and reclamation stream diversions split flows and channel improvements using the U S Army Corps of Engineers HEC 2 and HEC RAS water surface profile models see Appendix D in AutoCAD http www bossintl com GEOPAK DRAINAGE This program module which is part of a civil engineering suite of products is used to design analyze and visualize storm water flow with drainage features integrated with road and site design tools Th
79. rious methods for calculating rainfall hyetographs basin unit hydrographs and watershed loss rates HEC 1v is a virtual memory hybrid version of HEC 1 developed by the Corps for evaluating extended hydrographs with up to 1 000 data points This can be invaluable for modeling storms of more than a few hours duration when small subareas requiring short time steps are involved http www waterengr com HEC 5 The HEC 5 program is designed to simulate the sequential operation of a reservoir channel system with a branched network configuration Any time interval from one minute to a month can be used Multiple time intervals can be used within a single simulation Channel routing can be performed by any of seven hydrologic routing techniques Reservoirs operate to 1 minimize downstream flooding 2 evacuate flood control storage as soon as possible 3 provide for low flow requirements and diversions and 4 meet hydropower requirements Hydropower requirements can be defined for individual projects or for a system of projects Pump storage operation can also be simulated Sizing of conservation demands or storage can be automatically performed using the safe yield concept Economic computations can be provided for hydropower benefits and flood damage evaluation Two editions of the HEC 5 package of programs are available overlayed and extended memory EM While the basic programs are the same the EM edition runs muc
80. ription List Box This box depicts the Land Use Descriptions and corresponding runoff coefficient values for entries in the currently selected Land Use Item within the Drainage Library Create Shape Button This button is used to define a new Land Use Area Select Shape Button This button is used if the Land use area has been previously defined as a MicroStation closed element NETWORKS MENU A GEOPAK Drainage Network is defined as a series of interconnected Nodes and Links draining to a single outlet Multiple Networks can be maintained in a single project The final process in the design and analysis of a storm drain system are the network computations Hydraulic computations on pipes and ditches require a network to be defined and successfully built There are six options supported by the network pull down menu Add Used to define the network and associated data Edit Utilized to edit a previously defined network Delete Utilized to delete a network and associated data Design Enabled only when the active network is defined Computes the active network system hydraulics and displays the number of nodes and links Analyze Enabled when an active network is defined Is a shortcut to the Analyze Procedure without having to invoke the Network dialog Active Network Used as a shortcut and organization tool to limit the information viewed only to the active network When the add edit and delete options are exercised the network conf
81. rties page Either an upstream or downstream boundary may be selected The water depth hydraulic grade line and energy grade line are calculated and graphed The Graphed Results Panel The Graphed Results panel has two sections The lower half of the panel provides for the input data including fields for e Declaring either an upstream or downstream boundary e The boundary depth e The boundary velocity Hydraulics for Open Channels and Culverts B 14 e The length of the channel slope length e Minor loss coefficient e Option for specifying that a downstream boundary must be greater than or equal to one half the sum of the critical depth and the rise of the section Free Surface Flow Figure 4 The Graphed Results panel on the Water Surface Profile page The top half of the panel displays a graph of the water surface profile resulting from the shape and flow characteristics in the Open Channel Properties page and the data values at the bottom of this page The graph in Figure 4 displays the results for the example shape and flow values previously entered in the Open Channel Properties page and the values at the bottom of this page namely a downstream boundary depth of 5 5 feet a length of 100 feet match the hydraulic grade at the boundary and require a downstream boundary not less than one half the sum of the critical depth and the rise of the section The plot shows the profile from the
82. s uses the modified rational formula or the SCS methodology Land Characteristics Land uses within a project can be assigned in GEOPAK Drainage Thus land can be categorized as grass commercial pavement building industrial etc As drainage areas are delineated software determines the proportion of land uses computes subsequent runoff coefficients and automatically assigns the hydrologic parameters for the drainage areas The approach used in StormWorks is slightly different In StormWorks the type of land cover asphalt concrete sandy lawn clay roofs etc can be selected along with their corresponding runoff coefficients The former approach is quite generalized whereas the latter approach is more down to earth and well defined for most situations Drainage Area Parameters The computational method used for drainage area by StormWorks is either the modified rational formula or the SCS Unit hydrograph method GEOPAK Drainage uses the rational method Time of Concentration The time of concentration Tc can be determined using either the Kirpich or FAA methodologies in StormWorks In GEOPAK Drainage the value of Tc is input directly Hydraulic Features Channels In StormWorks the channel can be designed by shape trapezoidal V shaped or rectangular Additionally the channel material such as concrete earth or wood can be specified In case of GEOPAK Drainage channels are designed either by fixed geometry or based o
83. s00 Bottom n 03000 Normal Flow Results Quput nA hi 4 174 ftsec Ra fi 3242 ft Ap fiaato ft Te 6 9338 ft Br fi 0 655 ft Mia ss ft Compost n p 02000 Critical Flow Results Output Maximum Flow Results Output eine a EESAN P Surface Profile Figure 2 Roughness Coefficients and Normal Flow Results panels BAAS AS S E N E S S N SA S SA Sa a a a SA Na ed de SOENS OA 2020004040400444 A AS pC aa Open Channel Properties The Roughness Coefficients panel has input fields for three values of Manning s n The Primary n is applied to the entire shape if non zero values are_not entered into the other fields If a non zero value is entered into the Bottom n field then this value replaces the Primary n for the flat bottom portion of the shape If a non zero value is entered into the Sides n then this Hydraulics for Open Channels and Culverts B 12 value replaces the Primary n for a distance up the sides equal to the value in the Sides H field The Normal Flow Results panel presents the normal flow properties including normal velocity Va wetted cross section area An wetted perimeter P hydraulic radius Rn top width Tn distance from the water surface to the centroid of the wetted area Ybar and the calculated composite Manning s n value The normal flow Q and normal depth Depth are presented in the
84. selected structures The reporting capabilities of StormWorks can be enhanced if it is used in conjunction with DraftWorks an Intergraph drawing utilities package provided in its civil engineering software package RECOMMENDATIONS A workshop was held at Utah State University to present results of the Project Objective No 3 Survey and Recommendation of Hydraulic Design Software A demonstration of the features of the two software packages selected for final review GEOPAK Drainage and StormWorks was presented Pros and Cons of the software were analyzed It is worth noting here that both StormWorks and GEOPAK Drainage offer extensive capability and as such neither are inferior to the other An important factor discussed was that UDOT uses Inroads an Intergraph product for designing their roadways It was thought that the digital terrain models developed using Inroads could be directly input into StormWorks precluding the need to recreate terrain maps This also would entail uniformity among the various departments in UDOT After discussion and questions StormWorks was selected as the preferred software program for use by UDOT primarily because of its connectivity with the other design packages offered by Intergraph 11 APPENDIX A TEL 8 TELECONFERENCE ON Culvert and Energy Dissipator Design Computer Modules TEL 8 TELECONFERENCE Preview of the next release of the FHWA HY8 Culvert and Energy Dissipator Design Computer M
85. superior to simplified routing methods in open channel reaches wherein severe backwater and or dynamic flow conditions prevail Typical uses of the model encompass the assessment of flow and transport in upland rivers in which flows are highly regulated or backwater effects are evident or in coastal networks of open channels wherein flow and transport are governed by the interaction of freshwater inflows tidal action and meteorological conditions Surface and ground water interactions can be simulated by the coupled BRANCH and USGS modular three dimensional finite difference ground water flow MODFLOW models referred to as MODBRNCH http www flash net scitech freesoft htm C 2 CAP The Culvert Analysis Program CAP follows USGS standardized procedures for computing flow though culverts It can be used to develop stage discharge relationships for culverts and to determine discharge though culverts from high water marks It will compute flows for rectangular circular pipe arch and other nonstandard shaped culverts http www flash net scitech freesoft htm CHAN for Windows Version 2 03 CHAN for Windows is a modeling system that generates runoff hydrographs for basins and performs hydrodynamic routings of that runoff through a surface water system comprised of lakes ponds channels and drainage structures CHAN features all of the most popular methods for computing runoff and advanced hydrodynamic algorithms to provide fas
86. t The program can be used with Auto CAD MicroStation or as a stand alone program http www eaglepoint com HH HH htm Water Surface Profiling The Water Surface Profiling program uses HEC 2 and WSPRO methodology to compute flows or channels bridges culverts etc This model produces a comprehensive hydraulic analysis It can produce plan profile and cross section analyses http www eaglepoint com HH HH htm Appendix D Comparison of GEOPAK and Storm Works INTRODUCTION Numerous software packages are available for the design of storm drainage systems These packages eliminate the tedium of having to design an entire network element wise This is accomplished by designing a network from a single module The power of engineering analysis along with interactive graphics helps reduce design and production time and increase quality control several notches Keeping this end in mind this study evaluated two such software packages GEOPAK Drain and StormWorks In preparing this report emphasis was placed on what is there to be done rather than how it is to be done In other words the discussion details the features offered by each software package rather than the usage In order to compare the software knowledge about the constituent elements is a pre requisite Hence this Appendix is organized into sections that go into the salient features of GEOPAK Drain and StormWorks Chapter 1 FEATURES OF GEOPAK DRAINAGE PROJECT MENU The Pr
87. t a survey of features of ArcView as they relate to the use of digital terrain maps DTMs for estimating runoff and stream flow conditions for culvert design Task 2 Present a summary of features that would be most useful for UDOT design engineers REVISED OBJECTIVES AND TASKS Work progressed on the tasks and presentations were made at two TAC meetings during summer and fall 1998 A workshop was held at a University of Utah computer laboratory in October 1998 for a group of UDOT hydraulic engineers to critique the prototype model Ata TAC committee meeting on Jan 22 1999 two presentations were made 1 Features of ArcView for potential use by UDOT for hydraulic design 2 Revisions to the prototype hydraulic model based on recommendations from the fall workshop The TAC engaged in prolonged discussions on the use of ArcView and other GIS products and decided that it would be impractical for each UDOT hydraulic design engineer to become sufficiently skilled in the use of ArcView to apply it to their day to day activities The committee members believed that GIS software specifically tailored for hydraulic design was available commercially The TAC committee recommended a shift of the remaining project resources as follows 1 Discontinue work on the prototype hydraulic model Objective 1 2 Discontinue work on the assessment of ArcView Objective 2 3 Conduct a survey of the commercial GIS software products available speci
88. t stable simulations http www aquarian software com CHANNEL The CHANNEL program has six modules that automate design and analysis of open channels It includes HEC 15 flexible lining analysis popup references that guide you through the input context sensitive help bends analyzed according to HEC 15 procedures non erodable linings that follow Ven Te Chow s text cohesive and non cohesive erodable analyses best hydraulic section design minimal lining cost design and popup graphs to aid in soil parameter selection http www waterengr com Culverts Part of Hydraulics Utility Programs In the Culverts program the culvert characteristics are entered and a headwater vs outflow rating curve indicating inlet or outlet control is produced http waterengr com DCUH DCUH is a unit hydrograph program for the estimation of a unit graph from rainfall and discharge data http waterengr com DR3M The Distributed Routing Rainfall Runoff Model Version IT DR3M is a watershed model for routing storm runoff through a branched system of pipes and or natural channels using rainfall as input DR3M provides detailed simulation of storm runoff periods selected by the user There is daily soil moisture accounting between storms A drainage basin is represented as a set of overland flow channel and reservoir segments which jointly describe the drainage features of the basin This model is usually used to simulate small urban b
89. ted digital terrain model This command is helpful for visualizing the boundaries of the triangulated model and for fitting the surface to the viewing screen so that the results of subsequent commands can be seen Eg view Perimeter Ea Preferences Symbology Scale 1 00 T Planarize Elevation 0 00 VIEW CONTOUR COMMAND The View gt Contours command generates and displays elevation contours for the active surface This command automatically generates major contours minor contours and optionally contour labels in the design file Ea View Contours Ea Preferences Symbology Setup Fence Mode Inside Scale foo 8Ft we Interval 10 00 Minors per Major js sis I Planarize Elevation joo SOO D 37 DEPRESSION CONTOURS COMMAND The View gt Depression Contours command displays depression contours for the active surface Depression contours incrementally descend the surface and are represented with tick marks LABEL CONTOURS COMMANDS The View gt Label Contours command interactively labels contours in a digital terrain model This command is helpful if one wants to specify where contour labels will appear VIEW TRIANGLES COMMAND The View gt Triangles command displays all or a portion of the triangles contained within the active surface The triangles are created when the model is triangulated This command is useful after triangulating the data so that the location of surface points can be seen T
90. the Road Embankment panel expanded e A selection list for the type of road surface above the culvert A Weir Coefficient is associated with the type of road surface This coefficient is used to calculate the flow overtopping the road when the headwater elevation exceeds the elevation of the road The user may directly input a value for this coefficient e The Road Width e The Maximum Water Surface Elevation The model will flag a solution if the headwater elevation exceeds this limit Future versions of the model will automatically calculate the minimum size culvert s needed to maintain the headwater elevation less than or equal to this Maximum Water Surface Elevation e The Down Stream Bed Station and Elevation This is the station and elevation of the point where the downstream embankment intersects the streambed e The Up Stream Bed Station and Elevation This is the station and elevation of the point where the upstream embankment intersects the streambed The Flow Panel Figure 2 shows the Roadway page with the Flow panel expanded Two drop down selection boxes are provided at the top of the panel for declaring the headwater and tailwater conditions Three options are available for each e Neglect The energy of the approaching stream is neglected The tailwater is low enough to prevent any downstream control e Input The user inputs values for depth and velocity for each fl
91. the various elements that comprise a drainage system which include Areas Nodes Links Reaches and Land Uses Each of these tools invokes a dialog wherein the specific component information can be added or edited DRAINAGE AREA ELEMENT Drainage Areas are used to compute peak discharges or to attach computed discharge values to nodes within a project The Drainage Area boundaries can be delineated using a Digital Terrain Model DTM drawn using MicroStation or keyed in as a total area value Using the commands in the component menu drainage areas can be added deleted and edited This dialog can also be invoked using the Navigator Tool The Drainage Area Definition dialog box appears when areas are to be added updated or deleted The figure below shows the dialog box Drainage Area ID Description sisCY Area Definition Base C Value 0 000 Time of Concentration ooo r Computations Area C Value Total Subareas 0 000 0 000 Remainder 0 000 0 000 Composite 0 000 0 000 Computed Intensity 0 000 Computed Discharge 0 000 Hoio The dialog fields in the Drainage Area Dialog box with brief descriptions are Drainage Area ID Drainage Area Identification ID node Enables the designer to select a previously defined node Add Edit node Enables the node configuration dialog box D 7 Description This input is optional Drainage Area This parameter is either input or is computed when a shape is selected
92. this meeting two programs StormWorks and GEOPAK Drainage were selected for an in depth review and evaluation Complete features of the software are presented in Appendix D Chapter 1 for GEOPAK Drainage and in Appendix D Chapter 2 for StormWorks Procedures that were established to evaluate the software products included Identification of the purpose of the software Demonstration of the software by the software developer Testing of the software using a known hydrologic design Evaluation of the characteristics and features of the software including Fase of learning Functionality Applicability to the task Availability of technical support A summary of the features approaches and functionality was developed to illustrate differences between StormWorks and GEOPAK Drainage Various features and approaches presented by these models were compared and contrasted Platform GEOPAK Drainage is invoked from a 2 D MicroStation Design file whereas StormWorks can work on two dimensional and three dimensional design files Three dimensional design files offer greater leverage for designing a drainage model Surface Geometric data The Surface Geometric data define the spatial extent and topological features of a drainage basin and as such is the first step in a design process GEOPAK Drainage uses TIN files to store terrain data while StormWorks stores surface data as either a DAT file a DTM file or a TTN file In the design
93. try project a horizontal alignment or a vertical alignment and all its children or a superelevation Once such a geometry has been deleted it is removed from memory and is not recoverable The Utilities gt Review Geometry command displays information about the geometry of the active horizontal alignment The Utilities gt Tracking gt General command dynamically displays the northing and easting coordinates of the cursor location as well as the surface elevation slope and aspect The Utilities gt Tracking gt Geometry command tracks the cursor along the active horizontal alignment and displays the station offset and elevation of the alignment in the MicroStation Command Window The Utilities gt Queries and reports command allows one to locate modify and generate reports on drainage elements using queries The Query dialog box provides options that define the query criteria Once this command is executed StormWorks displays the graphics that represent all the network elements meeting the query criteria equal less than or equal less than greater than or equal The Utilities gt Maintenance Information command provides for maintaining a service record for the structures in the network The parameters employed are the identification number of the selected structure date the structure was installed and the date the structure was last serviced The Utilities gt Promote Micro Drainage command allows for

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