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Manual Photonfocus SM2-D1312

1. 4 1 1 Readout Modes 4 1 2 Readout Timing 4 1 3 Exposure Control 4 2 Pixel Response 4 2 1 Linear Response 4 2 2 Linlog A 4 3 Reduction of Image Size 4 3 1 Region of Interest ROI 4 3 2 ROlconfiguration 4 3 3 Calculation of the maximum frame rate CONTENTS CONTENTS 4 3 4 Multiple Regions of Interest 4 4 Trigger and Strobe 2 aaa 44 1 Introduction o 2 a E EOR a a E AE a 4 2 Trigger Source 4 3 Exposure Time Control 4 4 Trigger Delay 4 5 Burst Trigger 4 6 Software Trigger 4 7 Strobe Output 4 6 Image Correction elle ee 461 OVerVIQW is uu gece oa Be eR Ee a Reet ow eet oe eR i SE dE 4 6 2 Offset Correction FPN Hot Pixels eee ee eh eb tty ee ce es ke ws ee el ee ee eae TEN 4 6 4 Corrected Image 7 Digital Gain and Offset 8 Grey Level Transformation LUT SES ES ES ES ES 4 7 Digital Gain and Offset een 4 8 Grey Level Transformation LUT o 4 8 3 User defined Look up Table 4 9 Convolver monochrome models only 9 1 Functionality 9 2 Settings 9 3 Examples 4 10 Crosshairs monochrome models only 4 10 1 Functionality 4 11 Image Information and Status Line 4 11 1 Counters and Average Value 4 12 lestlmages 4 02 0 00 808 00000000 e a URGE ee ee a om Rus d 4 12 1 Ramp o 3 om TRUE RU E RR a
2. X exposure n 1 lt dde gt Readoutn 1 idle gt Readout n Cidle Readout n 1 5 external trigger P _ gt earliest possible trigger E Figure 4 6 Timing in triggered simultaneous readout mode 4 1 2 Readout Timing Sequential readout timing By default the camera is in free running mode and delivers images without any external control signals The sensor is operated in sequential readout mode which means that the sensor is read out after the exposure time Then the sensor is reset a new exposure starts and the readout of the image information begins again The data is output on the rising edge of the pixel clock The signals FRAME VALID FVAL and LINE VALID LVAL mask valid image information The signal SHUTTER indicates the active exposure period of the sensor and is shown for clarity only Simultaneous readout timing To achieve highest possible frame rates the camera must be set to Free running mode with simultaneous readout The camera continuously delivers images as fast as possible Exposure time of the next image can start during the readout time of the current image The data is output on the rising edge of the pixel clock The signals FRAME VALID FVAL and LINE VALID LVAL mask valid image information The signal SHUTTER indicates the active integration phase of the sensor and is shown for clarity only 4 1 Image Acquisition 27 4 Functionality PCLK Ll EE LI I LI LM LI Lf LI LM LI LN LI LA E
3. 4 6 Image Correction 57 4 Functionality k l v average 1 2 0 0 m a 4 of black IL VEE A p black reference offset correction image matrix Figure 4 35 Schematic presentation of the offset correction algorithm How to Obtain a Black Reference Image In order to improve the image quality the black reference image must meet certain demands gt The detailed procedure to set the black reference image is described in Section 6 1 5 e The black reference image must be obtained at no illumination e g with lens aperture closed or closed lens opening e t may be necessary to adjust the black level offset of the camera In the histogram of the black reference image ideally there are no grey levels at value 0 DN after adjustment of the black level offset All pixels that are saturated black 0 DN will not be properly corrected see Fig 4 36 The peak in the histogram should be well below the hot pixel threshold of 1008 DN Q 12 bit e Camera settings may influence the grey level Therefore for best results the camera settings of the black reference image must be identical with the camera settings of the image to be corrected Histogram of the uncorrected black reference image T T T T T T black level offset ok black level offset too low Relative number of pixels 600 800 1000 Grey level 12 Bit DN 1200 1400
4. 1 1 1 4 l 1 9 1 4 26 4 1 1 1 1 4 1 Figure 4 53 Unsharp Mask Examples 70 4 10 Crosshairs monochrome models only 4 10 1 Functionality The crosshairs inserts a vertical and horizontal line into the image The width of these lines is one pixel The grey level is defined by a 12 bit value 0 means black 4095 means white This allows to set any grey level to get the maximum contrast depending on the acquired image The x y position and the grey level can be set via the camera software Figure Fig 4 54 shows two examples of the activated crosshairs with different grey values One with white lines and the other with black lines Figure 4 54 Crosshairs Example with different grey values 4 10 Crosshairs monochrome models only 71 4 Functionality The x and y positon is absolute to the sensor pixel matrix It is independent on the ROI MROI or decimation configurations Figure Fig 4 55 shows two situations of the crosshairs configuration The same MROI settings is used in both situations The crosshairs however is set differently The crosshairs is not seen in the image on the right because the x and y position is set outside the MROI region 0 0 0 0 MROI 0 MROI 0 Kabsowutr Yabsout Grey Level MROI 1 MROI 1 absolut Yabsouo Grey Level 1311 1081 1311 1081 MROI 0 MROI 0 nne aci aco ay cae ROA rec
5. In this mode however the end of the exposure is controlled by the falling edge of the trigger Pulsewidth The falling edge of the trigger pulse is delayed by the time t4_iso input Which is results from the signal isolator This signal is clocked into the FPGA which leads to a jitter of tjitter The pulse is then delayed by ttrigger delay by the user defined value which can be configured via camera software After the trigger offset time tirigger oftset the exposure is stopped 4 4 4 Trigger Delay The trigger delay is a programmable delay in milliseconds between the incoming trigger edge and the start of the exposure This feature may be required to synchronize to external strobe with the exposure of the camera 4 4 5 Burst Trigger The camera includes a burst trigger engine When enabled it starts a predefined number of acquisitions after one single trigger pulse The time between two acquisitions and the number of acquisitions can be configured by a user defined value via the camera software The burst trigger feature works only in the mode Camera controlled Exposure Time The burst trigger signal can be configured to be active high or active low When the frequency of the incoming burst triggers is higher than the duration of the programmed burst sequence then some trigger pulses will be missed A missed burst trigger counter counts these events This counter can be read out by the user The timing diagram of the burst trigger mode is s
6. T16455 160 54 54 fps 108 108 fps 54 54 fps 107 108 fps 53 54 fps 103 108 fps 51 54 fps 98 108 fps 49 54 fps 89 108 fps 42 54 fps 70 108 fps 35 54 fps 52 99 fps 33 54 fps 47 82 fps Table 4 7 Frame rates of different exposure times sequential readout mode simultaneous readout mode resolution 1312 x 1082 pixel FPN correction on 4 3 4 Multiple Regions of Interest The SM2 D1312 IE TI6455 camera series can handle up to 512 different regions of interest This feature can be used to reduce the image data and increase the frame rate An application example for using multiple regions of interest MROI is a laser triangulation system with several laser lines The multiple ROIs are joined together and form a single image which is transferred to the frame grabber An individual MROI region is defined by its starting value in y direction and its height The starting value in horizontal direction and the width is the same for all MROI regions and is defined by the ROI settings The maximum frame rate in MROI mode depends on the number of rows and columns being read out Overlapping ROls are allowed See Section 4 3 3 for information on the calculation of the maximum frame rate Fig 4 21 compares ROI and MROI the setups visualized on the image sensor area are displayed in the upper half of the drawing The lower half shows the dimensions of the resulting image On the left hand side an example
7. before accessing the microSD card Figure 2 10 microSD card 16 Product Specification 3 1 Introduction The SM2 D1312 IE Tl6455 CMOS camera series are built around the A1312 IE C CMOS image sensor from Photonfocus and IMAGO Technologies that provides a resolution of 1312 x 1082 pixels at a wide range of spectral sensitivity There are standard monochrome and NIR enhanced monochrome IE models The camera series is aimed at standard applications in industrial image processing The principal advantages are e Resolution of 1312 x 1082 pixels e Wide spectral sensitivity from 320 nm to 1030 nm for monochrome models Enhanced near infrared NIR sensitivity with the A1312IE CMOS image sensor e High quantum efficiency gt 50 for monochrome models and between 25 and 45 for colour models High pixel fill factor gt 60 Superior signal to noise ratio SNR Low power consumption at high speeds e Very high resistance to blooming High dynamic range of up to 120 dB Ideal for high speed applications Global shutter Image resolution of up to 12 bit e Oncamera shading correction e 3x3 Convolver for image pre processing included on camera Up to 512 regions of interest MROI 2 look up tables 12 to 8 bit on user defined image regions Region LUT e Crosshairs overlay on the image monochrome models only Image information and camera settings inside the image status line e Soft
8. 4 Trigger and Strobe 47 4 Functionality 4 4 2 Trigger Source The trigger signal can be configured to be active high or active low One of the following trigger sources can be used Free running The trigger is generated internally by the camera Exposure starts immediately after the camera is ready and the maximal possible frame rate is attained if Constant Frame Rate mode is disabled In Constant Frame Rate mode exposure starts after a user specified time Frame Time has elapsed from the previous exposure start and therefore the frame rate is set to a user defined value Opt In O In the Opt In 0 trigger mode the trigger signal is applied to the camera by the power supply connector via an optocoupler The input OPTO_INO is used RS422 In O In the RS422 In 0 trigger mode the trigger signal is applied directly to the camera by the 14 pol trigger connector The differential input DIG INO is used PDIG INO and NDIG INO pins RS422 Encoder Use the In the RS422 Encoder trigger mode the trigger signal is applied directly to the camera by the 14 pol trigger connector TBD Camera 14 pole Connector Shaft encoder PDIG IN O 2 gt NDIG_IN O 2 12 pole Connector Trigger Source OPTO_INIO 2 E Figure 4 29 Trigger inputs of the SM2 D1312 IE TI6455 camera series 48 4 4 3 Exposure Time Control Depending on the trigger mode the exposure time can be determined either by the camera or by th
9. 6 1 9 App App Figure 6 30 App in the web browser APP BJIz l eje Figure 6 31 Icons to arrange the App in the web browser This dialog can be modified in the CDIgApp cpp and it s header file CDIgApp hpp In these files insert the user application The camera can be configured to start directly with the user application Check file App ini on the microSD card If the AUTOSTART is set to 1 the camera switches after a booting into the user application The CDIgApp cpp contains 2 important functions CDlgApp OnUserlO This function is called from the main task if the App buttons are in front and any of the buttons are clicked CDlgApp Onlmage This function is called from the grab task for every grabbed image The function runs simultaneous to the grabbing of the next image 6 2 FTP Server The SM2 D1312 IE TI6455 VisionCam PS camera also has a built in FTP server In the lower left corner of the web browser is a link to the FTP server of the camera The password of the FTP server can be changed in the ethernet ini file on the microSD card The anonymous user is disabled and can not be enabled The default ftp user username password 6 2 FTP Server 107 6 Framework Functionalities 108 Mechanical and Optical Considerations 7 1 Mechanical Interface During storage and transport the camera should be protected against vibration shock moisture and dust The original packaging protects the camera adequately from
10. 6 1 Web Server 87 6 Framework Functionalities free running mode it counts all incoming external triggers counter width 8 bit no wrap around View Camera live image The imaging application can draw into it Info Jul 16 2 PSE10 CPU Module S IP Addr Logfile Manu oton Strampe COM2 mB E es 5 ver 0 type 4 Baudrate 9 Baudrate 57600 MainUILoop started Figure 6 6 Details of the info button in the web browser The Log viewer shows the last entries of the log Histogram Peak 255 ON Histogram gt PE Figure 6 7 Display of the histogramer in the web browser in linear mode Histogram Log to Log Figure 6 8 Display of the histogramer in the web browser in logarithmic mode To setup the camera the viewer has a histogramer with a display selectable either in linear mode see Fig or in logarithmic mode see Fig 6 8 6 1 3 Configuration of the Camera The following sections describe the function of the buttons accessible from the main dialog window see Fig Figure 6 9 Camera configuration buttons of the main dialog window in the web browser 6 1 4 Sensor Figure 6 10 Camera configuration button SENSOR in the web browser This menu is only available for SDK users Please do not use this menu 6 1 5 Camera Camera Figure 6 11 Camera configuration button CAMERA in the web browser This menu is used to change the camera settings such as exposure time region of intere
11. Decimation value for y direction Example Value 4 reads every fourth row only MROI This camera can handle up to 16 different regions of interest The multiple ROIs are joined together and form a single image which is transferred to the frame grabber An ROI is defined by its starting value in y direction and its height The width and the horizontal offset are specified by X and W settings The maximum frame rate in MROI mode depends on the number of rows and columns being read out Overlapping ROls are allowed and the total height may exceed 1024 rows Enable MROI Enable MROI If MROI is enabled the ROI and MROI settings cannot be changed MROI Index Select one of the MROI settings 96 Y Y coordinate of the selected MROI If Y is set to 1023 this and all further MROI settings will be ignored H Height of the selected MROI H tot Shows the sum of all MROls as the total image height E After changing a property always press Enter in order to make the change active 6 1 Web Server 97 6 Framework Functionalities LinLog Data Format Figure 6 19 Parameter settings in the configuration button LinLog of the web browser LinLog The LinLog technology from Photonfocus allows a logarithmic compression of high light intensities In contrast to the classical non integrating logarithmic pixel the LinLog pixel is an integrating pixel with global shutter and the possibility to control the transition between linear an
12. Information about the Camera In the information area of the web server the following attributes are shown Graph er tos Hemera eae ES y AE Figure 6 2 Display of CPU load in the information area of the web browser The CPU load shows the workload of the DSP CPU If the web server is running the CPU load will be increased because the transfer over the ethernet requires additional CPU power 86 Temperature Graph Temperature gt Figure 6 3 Display of temperature in the information area of the web browser The temperature graph shows the actual temperature of the DSP CPU The temperature should not exceed 70 Celsius Framerate Graph A Framerate b Figure 6 4 Display of the frame rate in the information area of the web browser Graph of frame rate The frame rate grabbed by the camera and processed by application is shown in magenta It is marked with C The frame rate displayed over Ethernet is shown in cyan It is marked with D ii Average 1783 Missed Trigger Counter 0 Graph Info b Figure 6 5 Display of Info in the information area of the web browser Average The average image value gives the average of an image in 12 bit format 0 4095 DN regardless of the currently used grey level resolution Missed Trigger Counter The missed trigger counter counts trigger pulses that were ignored by the camera because they occurred within the exposure or read out time of an image In
13. Lijjeocoutput Figure 4 30 Timing diagram for the camera controlled exposure time The rising edge of the trigger signal is detected in the camera control electronic which is implemented in an FPGA Before the trigger signal reaches the FPGA it is isolated from the 4 4 Trigger and Strobe 49 4 Functionality camera environment to allow robust integration of the camera into the vision system In the signal isolator the trigger signal is delayed by time t4_ so input This signal is clocked into the FPGA which leads to a jitter of titer The pulse can be delayed by the time tirigger delay Which can be configured by a user defined value via camera software The trigger offset delay ttrigger offset results then from the synchronous design of the FPGA state machines The exposure time texposure is controlled with an internal exposure time controller The trigger pulse from the internal camera control starts also the strobe control state machines The strobe can be delayed by tstrobe delay With an internal counter which can be controlled by the customer via software settings The strobe offset delay tstrobe delay results then from the synchronous design of the FPGA state machines A second counter determines the strobe duration tstrobe duration Strobe duration For a robust system design the strobe output is also isolated from the camera electronic which leads to an additional delay of tq_iso output Table 4 8 and Table 4 9 gives an ov
14. Off No correction Offset Activate offset correction Offset Hotpixel Activate offset and hot pixel correction Hotpixel Activate hot pixel correction Offset Gain Activate offset and gain correction Offset Gain Hotpixel Activate offset gain and hot pixel correction Black Reference Image Output the black reference image that is currently stored in the camera RAM for debugging reasons Grey Reference Image Output the grey reference image that is currently stored in the camera RAM for debugging reasons Calibration Offset FPN Hotpixel Correction The offset correction is based on a black reference image which is taken at no illumination e g lens aperture completely closed The black reference image contains the fixed pattern noise of the sensor which can be subtracted from the live images in order to minimize the static noise Close the lens of the camera Click on the Validation button If the Set Black Ref button is still inactive the average of the image is out of range Change to panel Charateristics and change the Property BlackLevel0ffset until the average of the image is between 160 and 400DN Click again on the Validation button and then on the Set Black Ref Button CS Ifonly offset and hot pixel correction is needed it is not necessary to calibrate a grey image see Calculate 100 Gain Correction The gain correction is based on a grey reference image which is taken at uniform illumination
15. RR Ry mom ARCU S esca A122 SR d oS AR wa ee a AA a cas E a E 4 12 3 Troubleshooting using the LFSR o o e 5 1 GigE Connector 5 2 Power Supply Connector 5 3 Trigger Connector 5 4 Status Indicator SM2 cameras 5 5 Power and Ground Connection for SM2 Cameras 2 2 222222 5 6 Trigger and Strobe Signals for SM2 Cameras 5 6 1 Overview 5 6 2 Opto isolated Interface power connector SES ES 6 Framework Functionalities 6 1 Web Serverl lee ss 6 1 1 Access to the Web Server 2 2 2222 Coon 6 1 2 Information about the Camera 6 1 3 Configuration of the Camera 6 1 4 Sensor 6 1 5 Camera xcd 3 5 BH Ores eee E Ga BS RGUE EBA eo ea eee Sees 89 6 1 6 Save PIG i jas ao iuti a i a E EE e ssh 104 6 1 7 TOO eee eae mus ace E mE OX a Se a ee we a ud 105 6 1 8 ViewPar llle 106 BENEDICTI 107 CE RES ET Tei A e aa a a E E A E E AS E OR ELR Be a a a a PTE 107 7 Mechanical and Optical Considerations 109 7 1 Mechanical Interface a 109 7 1 1 Cameras with GigE Interface oo ee 109 7 2 Optical Interface 22er 110 7 2 1 Cleaning the Sensor aoaaa aa a 110 7 3 CEcompliance o 112 8 Warranty 113 8 1 Warranty Terms eus Bae ee 22 82 dO een ne 113 8 2 Warranty Claim s 2 222222 mon 113 9 References 115 117 A 1 Power Supply Connec
16. The average image value gives the average of an image in 12 bit format 0 4095 DN regardless of the currently used grey level resolution 4 11 2 Status Line If enabled the status line replaces the last row of the image with camera status information Every parameter is coded into fields of 4 pixels LSB first and uses the lower 8 bits of the pixel value so that the total size of a parameter field is 32 bit see Fig 4 56 The assignment of the parameters to the fields is listed in 4 12 S The status line is available in all camera modes MSB LSB MSB LSB MSB LSB MSB LSB MSB LSB Pixel 5 16 7 19 40 111 H2 113 114 115 16 117 118 119 20 21 122 123 EF mi AA 55 Preamble Field O Field 1 Field 2 Field 3 Field 4 Figure 4 56 Status line parameters replace the last row of the image 4 11 Image Information and Status Line 73 4 Functionality Start pixel index Parameter width bit Parameter Description 0 32 Preamble 0x55AAOOFF Image Counter see Section QUE GET 8 32 Real Time Counter see Section Missed Trigger Counter see Section 16 12 Image Average Value see Section 20 24 Integration Time in units of clock cycles see Table 24 16 Burst Trigger Number 28 8 Missed Burst Trigger Counter 32 11 Horizontal start position of ROI Window X 36 11 Horizontal end position of ROI Window X Window W 1 40 11 Vertical start position of ROI Window
17. assignment A 2 RS422 Trigger and Strobe Interface The pinout for the RS422 trigger and strobe interface is shown in Fig A 2 and the pinout assignment is listed in Table A 3 Figure A 2 RS422 trigger and strobe interface with 3M MDR 14 XX connector 118 PIN IO Name Description 1 PWR GND Ground 2 PDIG_INO Differential trigger input RS422 signal 3 PDIG_IN1 Differential trigger input RS422 signal 4 PDIG_IN2 Differential trigger input RS422 signal 5 O PDIG_OUTO Differential strobe output RS422 signal 6 O PDIG_OUT1 Differential strobe output RS422 signal 7 O PDIG_OUT2 Differential strobe output RS422 signal 8 PWR VDD 5V 9 NDIG_INO Differential trigger input RS422 signal 10 NDIG IN1 Differential trigger input RS422 signal 11 NDIG IN2 Differential trigger input RS422 signal 12 O NDIG OUTO Differential strobe output RS422 signal 13 NDIG_OUT1 Differential strobe output RS422 signal 14 O NDIG OUT2 Differential strobe output RS422 signal Table A 3 Pinout trigger and strobe connector from the RS422 interface A 2 RS422 Trigger and Strobe Interface 119 A Pinouts 120 Revision History Rev 1 0 May 2013 e First version 121
18. d Gain y ioo LUTO Value y tura Enable Lur1 Mode d san LUT1 Value 1000 LUT Index kf wo toad LUT file SavelUTfile Figure 6 16 Accessible parameters in the configuration button LUT of the web browser LUT LUTO Enable Enable LUTO LUTO Mode Change between the LUT mode to generate the LUT values automatically LUTO Value With this value the LUT will be calculated depending on the LUT Mode LUT1 Enable Enable LUT1 LUT1 Mode Change between the LUT mode to generate the LUT values automatically LUT1 Value With this value the LUT will be calculated depending on the LUT Mode Lut Mode Gain Linear function Y 255 4095 value X Valid range for value 1 4 Gamma Gamma function Y 255 4095 value X value Valid range for value 0 4 4 Load File Load a user defined LUT file into the camera txt tab delimited Save File Save LUT from camera into a file It is also possible to load a user LUT file with missing input values LUT addresses Then only pixel values corresponding to listed LUT entries will be overwritten 94 LUT ROI Region of interest LinLog Convolver __ Enable Region LUT Region of LUTO We Y H Region of LUT1 Y Figure 6 17 Accessible parameters in the configuration button LUT ROI of the web browser LUT ROI Both LUT can be configured with ROI vlaues The LUT is only workind inside the the ROI values Overlapping is possible L
19. keyhole inspection LUT 1 is optimized for seam finding 0 0 0 0 LUT O 1311 1081 19131 10841 Figure 4 47 Region LUT in keyhole inspection 66 Fig shows the application of the Region LUT to a camera image The original image without image processing is shown on the left hand side The result of the application of the Region LUT is shown on the right hand side One Region LUT was applied on a small region on the lower part of the image where the brightness has been increased Figure 4 48 Region LUT example with camera image left original image right gain 4 region in the are of the date print of the bottle 4 8 Grey Level Transformation LUT 67 4 Functionality 4 9 Convolver monochrome models only 4 9 1 Functionality The Convolver is a discrete 2D convolution filter with a 3x3 convolution kernel The kernel coefficients can be user defined The M x N discrete 2D convolution pour x y of pixel pi x y with convolution kernel h scale s and offset o is defined in Fig M 1N 1 1 oo M 1 N 1 xp gt him n pa x 2 Tm y 2 n m 0 n 0 o Figure 4 49 Convolution formula 4 9 2 Settings The following settings for the parameters are available Offset Offset value o see Fig 4 49 Range 4096 4095 Scale Scaling divisor s see Fig 4 49 Range 1 4095 Coefficients Coefficients of convolution kernel h see Fig Range 4
20. nearest you and contacts to our key account managers can be found at www photonfocus com 1 4 Further information Photonfocus reserves the right to make changes to its products and documenta C tion without notice Photonfocus products are neither intended nor certified for use in life support systems or in other critical systems The use of Photonfocus products in such applications is prohibited Photonfocus is a trademark and LinLog is a registered trademark of Photonfo amp cus AG CameraLink and GigE Vision are a registered mark of the Automated Imaging Association Product and company names mentioned herein are trade marks or trade names of their respective companies 1 Preface Cg Reproduction of this manual in whole or in part by any means is prohibited without prior permission having been obtained from Photonfocus AG Cg Photonfocus can not be held responsible for any technical or typographical er rors 1 5 Legend In this documentation the reader s attention is drawn to the following icons CS Important note O Alerts and additional information A Attention critical warning DI Notification user guide How to get started SM2 2 1 Introduction The SM2 D1312 IE TI6455 Series VisionCam PS is an intelligent camera especially designed for machine vision applications The camera consists of the CMOS camera head and the embedded vision computer These two main components are developed b
21. 0 1000 1100 Wavelength nm Figure 3 4 Spectral response of the A1312IE monochrome image sensor NIR enhanced in the SM2 D1312IE TI6455 camera series 24 4 Functionality This chapter serves as an overview of the camera configuration modes and explains camera features The goal is to describe what can be done with the camera The setup of the SM2 D1312 1E T16455 series cameras is explained in later chapters 4 1 Image Acquisition 4 1 1 Readout Modes The SM2 D1312 IE TI6455 cameras provide two different readout modes Sequential readout Frame time is the sum of exposure time and readout time Exposure time of the next image can only start if the readout time of the current image is finished Simultaneous readout interleave The frame time is determined by the maximum of the exposure time or of the readout time which ever of both is the longer one Exposure time of the next image can start during the readout time of the current image Readout Mode SM2 D1312 IE TI6455 Series Sequential readout available Simultaneous readout available Table 4 1 Readout mode of SM2 D1312 IE Tl6455Series camera The following figure illustrates the effect on the frame rate when using either the sequential readout mode or the simultaneous readout mode interleave exposure fps 1 readout time Frame rate fps Simultaneous readout mode a Sequential O o e fps 1 readout tim
22. 096 4095 Assignment to coefficient properties is shown in Fig Coeff Coeffl Coeff2 Coeff3 Coeff4 Coeff3 Coeff Coeff7 Coeffs Figure 4 50 Convolution coefficients assignment 4 9 3 Examples Fig shows the result of the application of various standard convolver settings to the original image shows the corresponding settings for every filter 68 Laplace 1 Figure 4 51 3x3 Convolution filter examples 1 Sobel H Offset 0 Scale 1 Laplace 1 Offset 0 Scale 1 0 1 0 Blur Offset 0 Scale 9 Sobel V Offset 0 Scale 1 1 0 1 2 0 2 1 0 1 Laplace 2 Offset 128 Scale 1 1 1 1 8 1 Prewitt H Gaussian Blur Offset 0 Scale 16 Sobel Diagonal 1 Offset 0 Scale 1 Prewitt H Offset 0 Scale 1 Figure 4 52 3x3 Convolution filter examples 1 settings 4 9 Convolver monochrome models only Prewitt V Sharpen Offset 0 Scale 1 1 Sobel Diagonal 2 Offset 0 Scale 1 Prewitt V Offset 0 Scale 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 69 4 Functionality A filter called Unsharp Mask is often used to enhance near infrared images Fig 4 53 shows examples with the corresponding settings Original image Unsharp mask Unsharp mask with Gaussian Offset 0 Offset 0 Scale 1 Scale 6
23. 1600 Figure 4 36 Histogram of a proper black reference image for offset correction 58 Hot pixel correction Every pixel that exceeds a certain threshold in the black reference image is marked as a hot pixel If the hot pixel correction is switched on the camera replaces the value of a hot pixel by an average of its neighbour pixels see Fig vv hot E p Pra Pret pixel n 2 Dot Pr Doa Figure 4 37 Hot pixel interpolation 4 6 3 Gain Correction The gain correction is based on a grey reference image which is taken at uniform illumination to give an image with a mid grey level Gain correction is not a trivial feature The quality of the grey reference image is crucial for proper gain correction Gain correction algorithm After configuring the camera with a black and grey reference image the camera is ready to apply the gain correction Determine the average value of the grey reference image Subtract the offset correction matrix from the grey reference image Divide the average value by the offset corrected grey reference image Pixels that have a grey level higher than a certain threshold are marked as hot pixels Store the result in the camera as the gain correction matrix ov Ur de w mp a During image acquisition multiply the gain correction matrix from the offset corrected acquired image and interpolate the hot pixels see Section 4 6 2 Gain correction is not a trivial feature Th
24. 2 IE T16455 80 SM2 D1312 IE T16455 160 1312 x 1082 full resolution 54 fps 108 fps 1248 x 1082 56 fps 113 fps 1280 x 1024 SXGA 58 fps 117 fps 1280 x 768 WXGA 78 fps 156 fps 800 x 600 SVGA 157 fps 310 fps 640 x 480 VGA 241 fps 472 fps 288 x 1 not allowed ROI setting not allowed ROI setting 480 x 1 10593 fps not allowed ROI setting 544 x 1 10498 fps 11022 fps 544 x 1082 125 fps 249 fps 480 x 1082 141 fps not allowed ROI setting 1312 x 544 107 fps 214 fps 1248 x 544 112 fps 224 fps 1312 x 256 227 fps 445 fps 1248 x 256 238 fps 466 fps 544 x 544 248 fps 485 fps 480 x 480 314 fps not allowed ROI setting 1024 x 1024 72 fps 145 fps 1056 x 1056 68 fps 136 fps 1312 x 1 9541 fps 10460 fps 1248 x 1 9615 fps 10504 fps mode 38 4 3 2 ROI configuration In the SM2 D1312 IE TI6455 camera series the following two restrictions have to be respected for the ROI configuration The minimum width w of the ROI is camera model dependent consisting of 416 pixel in the SM2 D1312 IE Tl6455 80 camera of 544 pixel in the SM2 D1312 IE TI6455 160 camera e The region of interest must overlap a minimum number of pixels centered to the left and to the right of the vertical middle line of the sensor ovl For any camera model of the SM2 D1312 IE T16455 camera series the allowed ranges for the ROI settings can be deduced by the following formula Xmin max 0 656 ovl w Xmax mi
25. 84 576 288 448 352 384 608 256 448 320 352 640 224 448 288 384 672 192 448 256 384 704 160 448 224 384 736 128 448 192 384 768 96 448 160 384 800 64 448 128 384 832 32 448 96 384 864 0 448 64 384 896 O 416 32 384 1248 0 64 0 64 1312 0 0 Table 4 5 Some possible ROI X settings SM2 D1312 IE TI6455 series ttrame 2 texp tro Typical values of the readout time t o are given in table Table 4 6 Calculation of the frame time simultaneous mode The calculation of the frame time in simultaneous read out mode requires more detailed data input and is skipped here for the purpose of clarity A frame rate calculator for calculating the maximum frame rate is available in the support area of the Photonfocus website An overview of resulting frame rates in different exposure time settings is given in table Table 40 ROI Dimension 1312 x 1082 1248 x 1082 tro 18 23 ms tro 17 37 ms SM2 D1312 IE TI6455 80 SM2 D1312 IE TI6455 160 t 8 68 ms 1024 x 512 1056 x 512 t 2 6 78 ms tro 6 99 ms tro 3 39 ms tro 3 49 ms 1024 x 256 t 3 39 ms tro 1 70 ms 1056 x 256 tro 3 49 ms tro 1 75 ms Table 4 6 Read out time at different ROI settings for the SM2 D1312 IE T16455 CMOS camera series in sequential read out mode Exposure time SM2 D1312 IE Tl6455 80 SM2 D1312 IE
26. DN Figure 4 42 Applying a linear gain with clamping to an image 4 8 Grey Level Transformation LUT 1200 63 4 Functionality 4 8 2 Gamma The Gamma mode performs an exponential amplification configurable in the range from 0 4 to 4 0 Gamma gt 1 0 results in an attenuation of the image see Fig 4 43 gamma lt 1 0 results in an ampl ification see Fig 4 44 Gamma correction is often used for tone mapping and better display of results on monitor screens Figure 4 43 Figure 4 44 64 Grey level transformation Gamma y 255 1023 x y2 1 300 T T T T T 250r 200r 150 100 SSNS ei edi eni ounounvo y grey level output value 8 bit DN 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 x grey level input value 10 bit DN Applying gamma correction to an image gamma gt 1 Grey level transformation Gamma y 255 1023 x yx 1 300 T T T T T 250 200 150 100 50 y grey level output value 8 bit DN i 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 x grey level input value 10 bit DN Applying gamma correction to an image gamma lt 1 4 8 3 User defined Look up Table In the User mode the mapping of input to output grey levels can be configured arbitrarily by the user There is an example file in the PFRemote folder LUT files can easily be generated with a standard spreadsheet tool The file has to be
27. E Frame Time SHUTTER l Exposure Time FVAL i u 1 ml c I 4 CPRE Linepause Linepause Linepause First Line Last Line DVAL Figure 4 7 Timing diagram of sequential readout mode 28 Peck DD Frame Time SHUTTER l l Exposure Exposure Time Time FVAL l 1 Li HA Io CPRE Linepause Linepause Linepause CPRE First Line Last Line DVAL Figure 4 8 Timing diagram of simultaneous readout mode readout time exposure time pek A Frame Time SHUTTER l l b gt 4 H Exposure Time SSS a a FVAL SS CPRE Linepause Linepause Linepause CPRE LVAL A APA First Line Last Line DVAL Figure 4 9 Timing diagram simultaneous readout mode readout time lt exposure time 4 1 Image Acquisition 29 4 Functionality Frame time Exposure time PCLK Frame time is the inverse of the frame rate Period during which the pixels are integrating the incoming light Pixel clock on internal camera interface SHUTTER FVAL Frame Valid Internal signal shown only for clarity Is high during the exposure time Is high while the data of one complete frame are transferred LVAL Line Valid Is high while the data of one line are transferred Example To transfer an image with 640x480 pixels there are 480 LVAL within one FVAL active high period One LVAL lasts 640 pixel clock cycles DVAL Data Valid Is high w
28. Lens mount C Mount CS Mount optional Dimensions 60 x 60 x TBD mm Mass 600 g Conformity CE RoHS WEE Table 3 4 Physical characteristics and operating ranges of the SM2 D1312 IE TI6455 camera series 22 Fig 3 3 shows the quantum efficiency and the responsivity of the monochrome A1312 CMOS sensor displayed as a function of wavelength For more information on photometric and radiometric measurements see the Photonfocus application note AN008 available in the support area of our website www photonfocus com 6096 QE Responsivity 1200 50 1000 40 800 30 600 Quantum Efficiency 20 Responsivity V J m2 400 10 200 0 i 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 Wavelength nm Figure 3 3 Spectral response of the A1312 CMOS monochrome image sensor standard in the SM2 D1312 T16455 camera series 3 4 Technical Specification 23 3 Product Specification Fig 3 4 shows the quantum efficiency and the responsivity of the monochrome A13121E CMOS sensor displayed as a function of wavelength The enhancement in the NIR quantum efficiency could be used to realize applications in the 900 to 1064 nm region 60 1200 QE Responsivity V W m 2 50 1000 40 800 30 600 Quantum Efficiency Responsivity V J m 2 20 400 10 200 0 T T T T T 300 400 500 600 700 800 90
29. UTO has higher priority Enable Region LUT Enable the region LUT functionality X X coordinate of region LUT starting from 0 in the upper left corner Y Y coordinate of region LUT starting from 0 in the upper left corner W Region LUT window width H Region LUT window height Set ROII to max Set Region LUT window to maximal ROI X 0 Y 0 W 1312 H 1082 6 1 Web Server 95 6 Framework Functionalities Region of interest p Strobe Output Dat at Shading Corregtion Region of Interest _ Line Scan Mode Line Scan Height Region of interest Decimation ja MROI Index vo 1082 Htot Figure 6 18 Accessible parameters in the configuration button REGION OF INTEREST of the web browser Line Scan Mode Line Scan Mode Enables Line scan mode Line Scan Height Set heigt of the resulting image Region of Interest The region of interest ROI is defined as a rectangle X Y W H where X X coordinate starting from 0 in the upper left corner Y Y coordinate starting from 0 in the upper left corner W Window width in steps of 4 pixel H Window height CS Window width is only available in steps of 4 pixel Decimation Decimation reduces the number of pixels in y direction Decimation can also be used together with a ROI or MROI Decimation in y direction transfers every n th row only and directly results in reduced read out time and higher frame rate respectively Decimation Y
30. V3 1 192 168 1 240 leigh Dial6g Camera PS CAM Framework Apr 17 2013 TEHE S N PSC11106000366 IP address 192 168 1 240 Loading preset from sensor Manu PhotonfocusStrampe COM2 mBytes 19 nBytes 5 ver 0 type 4 MainUILoop started I View Par App Graph ki Framerate I View F Camera F Info y Logfile F Figure 2 7 Framework web server start page 14 2 5 Emulator Debugger Installation This section describes what software and tools are needed to compile own c c code and download it to the DSP 2 5 1 Code Composer Studio CCS The Code Composer Studio CCS is an integrated development environment IDE for Texas Instruments TI embedded processor families CCS comprises a suite of tools used to develop and debug embedded applications It includes compilers for each of Tl s device families source code editor project build environment debugger profiler simulators real time operating system and many other features Here are more information about the CCS www ti com tool ccstudio The Node Locked Single User NO1D cost about 445US There is also a 90day evaluation version CSS FREE avialable The evaluation version has no other limitations More informations about the licensing of the CSS http processors wiki ti com index php Licensing CCS 2 5 2 Emulator For debugging a emulator is needed Photonfocus recomment the XDS200 for about 295US Pros of the XDS200 e No additional driver is nee
31. Y In MROI mode this parameter is 0 44 11 Vertical end position of ROI Window Y Window H 1 In MROI mode this parameter is the total height 1 48 2 Trigger Source 52 2 Digital Gain 56 2 Digital Offset 60 16 Camera Type Code see 64 32 Camera Serial Number Table 4 12 Assignment of status line fields Camera Model Camera Type Code SM2 D1312 80 TI6455 GB 12 TBD SM2 D1312 160 T16455 GB 12 TBD SM2 D13121E 80 T16455 GB 12 TBD SM2 D1312IE 160 TI6455 GB 12 TBD Table 4 13 Type codes of SM2 D1312 IE TI6455 camera series 74 4 12 Test Images Test images are generated in the camera FPGA independent of the image sensor They can be used to check the transmission path from the camera to the frame grabber Independent from the configured grey level resolution every possible grey level appears the same number of times in a test image Therefore the histogram of the received image must be flat A test image is a useful tool to find data transmission errors that are caused most amp often by a defective cable between camera and frame grabber in CameraLink cameras In Gigabit Ethernet cameras test images are mostly useful to test the grabbing software gt The analysis of the test images with a histogram tool gives the correct result at a resolution of 1024 x 1024 pixels only 4 12 1 Ramp Depending on the configured grey level resolution the ramp test image outputs a constan
32. a esas ae SS MR NA Figure 4 55 Crosshairs absolute position 72 4 11 Image Information and Status Line There are camera properties available that give information about the acquired images such as an image counter average image value and the number of missed trigger signals These properties can be queried by software Alternatively a status line within the image data can be switched on that contains all the available image information 4 11 1 Counters and Average Value Image counter The image counter provides a sequential number of every image that is output After camera startup the counter counts up from 0 counter width 24 bit The counter can be reset by the camera control software Real Time counter The time counter starts at 0 after camera start and counts real time in units of 1 micro second The time counter can be reset by the software in the SDK Counter width 32 bit Missed trigger counter The missed trigger counter counts trigger pulses that were ignored by the camera because they occurred within the exposure or read out time of an image In free running mode it counts all incoming external triggers counter width 8 bit no wrap around Missed burst trigger counter The missed burst trigger counter counts trigger pulses that were ignored by the camera in the burst trigger mode because they occurred while the camera still was processing the current burst trigger sequence Average image value
33. a fast internal memory of 2048 kB and runs with a maximum frequency of 1200 MHz There are up to 512 MB external SDRAM storing image data and program data 18 RS422 Transceiver 3x In 3x Out 3x Opto In 3x Opto Out 1x RS232 2x LED microSD Card C6455 DSP 1200MHz Ethernet 1000Mbit s Flash 4MB Each SM2 D1312 IE TI6455 VisionCam PS camera features an internal flash memory of 4 MBytes and a SD Card The internal flash memory is used to store the bootloader some configuration files and the firmware The SD card is used to store image data the executable program and other user data The communication with external devices is realized via a 1000 Mbit s Ethernet connection In this way it is possible to perform high data rates For other communication purposes the optocoupled inputs and outputs the RS422 transceivers and the serial port are helpful Figure 3 1 Hardware overview 3 2 Hardware Overview 19 3 Product Specification 3 3 Feature Overview Characteristics SM2 D1312 IE TI6455 Interface Gigabit Ethernet TCP IP FTP SD card Camera Control Web server or programming library Trigger Modes Software Trigger External isolated trigger input PLC Trigger Features Greyscale resolution 12 bit 10 bit 8 bit Region of Interest ROI Test pattern LFSR and grey level ramp Shading Correction Offset and Gain 3x3 Convolver included on camera High blooming res
34. a lens Both offset and gain correction work on a pixel per pixel basis i e every pixel is corrected separately For the correction a black reference and a grey reference image are required Then the correction values are determined automatically in the camera Do not set any reference images when gain or LUT is enabled Read the follow ing sections very carefully Correction values of both reference images can be saved into the internal flash memory but this overwrites the factory presets Then the reference images that are delivered by factory cannot be restored anymore 4 6 2 Offset Correction FPN Hot Pixels The offset correction is based on a black reference image which is taken at no illumination e g lens aperture completely closed The black reference image contains the fixed pattern noise of the sensor which can be subtracted from the live images in order to minimise the static noise Offset correction algorithm After configuring the camera with a black reference image the camera is ready to apply the offset correction Determine the average value of the black reference image Subtract the black reference image from the average value Mark pixels that have a grey level higher than 1008 DN 12 bit as hot pixels Store the result in the camera as the offset correction matrix TAS ac During image acquisition subtract the correction matrix from the acquired image and interpolate the hot pixels see Section 4 6 2
35. alue of the number in the file name Nameprefix Set the prefix of the file names The file name of the next image is shown below this input 104 6 1 7 Tools Figure 6 26 Tool button in the web browser This menu is used to change the camera settings such as exposure time region of interest LinLog and trigger Info Select Para gt 4 application E g Rarameter File Manager Figure 6 27 Configuration settings of the Tool button in the web browser Clock Set the clock of the camera The camera has a real time clock The clock has a battery Log Show the log of the camera It is also possible to store the log to the microSD card Reboot Reboot the camera DiglO This menu can be used to emulate the trigger outputs of the camera and to check if an external trigger has been received by the camera FullScreen Show the live image in full screen mode Info Show camera informations Parameter To change the parameter of the selected parameter group File Manager Open file manager 6 1 Web Server 105 6 Framework Functionalities 6 1 8 View Par Figure 6 28 View Par in the web browser The web server may display a smaller part than the real grabbed image Use the buttons to arrange the displayed image to the desired size You can also click inside the preview window to move the green rectangle according to your needs th Height Figure 6 29 Icons to arrange the View Par in the web browser 106
36. be caused either by the a defective camera or by problems in the grabbing software 76 P Histogramm Port A Picture 620 Port A Picture 620 127 255 Figure 4 59 LFSR test pattern received and typical histogram for error free data transmission HE Figure 4 60 LFSR test pattern received and histogram containing transmission errors Histogramm Port A Picture 440 i Port A Picture 440 il del In robots applications the stress that is applied to the camera cable is especially high due to the fast movement of the robot arm For such applications special drag chain capable cables are available Please contact the Photonfocus Support for consulting expertise 4 12 Test Images 77 4 Functionality 78 Hardware Interface 5 1 GigE Connector The GigE cameras are interfaced to external components via e an Ethernet jack RJ45 to transmit configuration image data and trigger e a12 pin subminiature connector for the power supply Hirose HR10A 10P 12S female The connectors are located on the back of the camera Fig 5 1 shows the plugs and the status LED which indicates camera operation Figure 5 1 Rear view of the GigE camera 5 2 Power Supply Connector The camera requires a single voltage input see Table 3 4 The camera meets all performance specifications using standard switching power supplies although well regulated linear power supplies provide optimum performance I
37. control the settings of the black level C In CameraLink cameras the black level is called BlackLevelOffset and in GigE cameras BlackLevel 4 2 2 LinLog Overview The LinLog technology from Photonfocus allows a logarithmic compression of high light intensities inside the pixel In contrast to the classical non integrating logarithmic pixel the LinLog pixel is an integrating pixel with global shutter and the possibility to control the transition between linear and logarithmic mode In situations involving high intrascene contrast a compression of the upper grey level region can be achieved with the LinLog technology At low intensities each pixel shows a linear response At high intensities the response changes to logarithmic compression see Fig 4 10 The transition region between linear and logarithmic response can be smoothly adjusted by software and is continuously differentiable and monotonic Grey Value 100 Linear Weak compression Response Resulting Linlog Response 0 Value2 Light Intensity Figure 4 10 Resulting LinLog2 response curve 4 2 Pixel Response 31 4 Functionality LinLog is controlled by up to 4 parameters Timel Time2 Valuel and Value2 Valuel and Value2 correspond to the LinLog voltage that is applied to the sensor The higher the parameters Valuel and Value respectively the stronger the compression for the high light intensities Timel and Time2 are normalised to the exposu
38. d logarithmic mode Section 4 2 2 There are 3 predefined LinLog settings available Alternatively custom settings can be defined in the User defined Mode LinLog Mode Off LinLog is disabled Low Normal High compression Three LinLog presettings User defined Valuel Timel Value2 and Time2 The Linlog times are per thousand of the exposure time Time 800 means 80 of the exposure time It may be necessary to adjust the black level offset of the camera Black Level Offset Black level offset value Use this to adjust the black level Convolver a LUT LUT ROI Region of interest Figure 6 20 Accessible parameters in the configuration button CONCVOLVER of the web browser Convolver Enable Enable convolver Presets Select one of the presets or set the coefficients manually Offset Offset value o Range 4096 4095 Scale Scale value s Range 1 4095 Coefficents Coefficients of the convolution kernel h Range 4096 6 1 Web Server 4095 99 6 Framework Functionalities Shading Correction P3 Shading Correction Mode OffsetHotpixel E Offset correction Validation Black Gain correction Validation Grey __ Histogram Stretching Figure 6 21 Accessible parameters in the configuration button CORRECTION of the web browser Correction Mode This camera has image pre processing features that compensate for non uniformities caused by the sensor the lens or the illumination
39. ded The driver is part of the CCS installation e Only a USB connector no additional power needed perfect for notebook users e Low cost XDS560 family is about 1000US The XDS200 can be ordered directly from the Texas Instruments webs site Find more information about the XDS200 here www ti com tool xds200 Figure 2 8 XDS200 emulator 2 5 Emulator Debugger Installation 15 2 How to get started SM2 2 5 3 Connect camera to JTAG Remove the JTAG SD Card plate before connecting the JTAG Figure 2 9 shows how to connect the SM2 JTAG connector and the XDS200 emulator Figure 2 9 How to connect camera to XDS200 emulator 2 5 4 Framework and examples The framework and the examples are working with the CCS We provide also the source code of the framework and the examples 2 5 5 Documentation of the code and libraries These documentations are on the microSD card of the SM2 camera 2 5 6 microSD card The microSD card of the SM2 camera contains the following e All needed files for CCS development framework source code libraries examples in a zip file e Camera manual and source code documentation VIBFinder exe this windows tool finds the SM2 camera in the network if the user does not know the camera IP address e tcpdisplay jar JavaApplet to connect to camera build in webserver e Ethernet ini to change the camera IP address default address is 192 168 1 240 Remove the JTAG SD Card plate
40. e exposure time exposure time lt readout time exposure time gt readout time exposure time readout time A Exposure time Figure 4 1 Frame rate in sequential readout mode and simultaneous readout mode Sequential readout mode For the calculation of the frame rate only a single formula applies frames per second equal to the inverse of the sum of exposure time and readout time 25 4 Functionality Simultaneous readout mode exposure time lt readout time The frame rate is given by the readout time Frames per second equal to the inverse of the readout time Simultaneous readout mode exposure time gt readout time The frame rate is given by the exposure time Frames per second equal to the inverse of the exposure time The simultaneous readout mode allows higher frame rates However if the exposure time greatly exceeds the readout time then the effect on the frame rate is neglectable C Insimultaneous readout mode image output faces minor limitations The overall linear sensor reponse is partially restricted in the lower grey scale region When changing readout mode from sequential to simultaneous readout mode E or vice versa new settings of the BlackLevelOffset and of the image correction are required Sequential readout By default the camera continuously delivers images as fast as possible Free running mode in the sequential readout mode Exposure time of the next image can
41. e quality of the grey reference image is crucial for proper gain correction 4 6 Image Correction 59 4 Functionality 1 1 v 1 1 v average 2 EJ 112 010 dloo 11110 ofgray 5 B E 5 2 gt 12112081 os aol 09711117 q wi E gray reference offset correction gain correction picture matrix matrix Figure 4 38 Schematic presentation of the gain correction algorithm Gain correction always needs an offset correction matrix Thus the offset correc tion always has to be performed before the gain correction How to Obtain a Grey Reference Image In order to improve the image quality the grey reference image must meet certain demands Cg The detailed procedure to set the grey reference image is described in Section 6 1 5 The grey reference image must be obtained at uniform illumination Use a high quality light source that delivers uniform illumination Standard illu mination will not be appropriate When looking at the histogram of the grey reference image ideally there are no grey levels at full scale 4095 DN Q 12 bit All pixels that are saturated white will not be properly corrected see Fig i Camera settings may influence the grey level Therefore the camera settings of the grey reference image must be identical with the camera settings of the image to be corrected 4 6 4 Corrected Image Offset gain and hot pixel correction can be switched on s
42. e response curve is controlled by the three parameters Valuel Value2 and the LinLog time Timel Cg Settings in LinLog2 mode enable a fine tuning of the slope in the logarithmic region LinLog exp Value1 Value2 EEE 0 Time1 Time2 max t 1000 Figure 4 13 Voltage switching in the Linlog2 mode Typical LinLog2 Response Curve Varying Parameter Time1 Time2 1000 Value1 19 Value2 14 300 T T 840 J T1 920 T1 960 250 200 T1 980 T1 999 150 100 Output grey level 8 bit DN 50 R j Illumination Intensity Figure 4 14 Response curve for different LinLog settings in LinLog2 mode 4 2 Pixel Response 33 4 Functionality Typical LinLog2 Response Curve Varying Parameter Time1 Time2 1000 Value1 19 Value2 18 200 T T T T 180 160 z A 140 4 5 1204 S 100L 717880 J a T1 900 T1 920 S 80r T1 940 7 5 T1 960 2 60r T1 980 4 5 T1 1000 O 40 A E A EA EI A EA ES AA be Goa Neg O Gee BE Go AAA AT ae BAAD E EE ee ee 20 Edi a A EN ER RR RR AN RR E RN 0 Illumination Intensity Figure 4 15 Response curve for different LinLog settings in LinLog2 mode LinLog3 To enable more flexibility the LinLog3 mode with 4 parameters was introduced Fig 4 16 shows the timing diagram for the LinLog3 mode and the control parameters Vi LinLog Value1 Value2 Value3 Cons
43. e trigger signal itself Camera controlled Exposure time In this trigger mode the exposure time is defined by the camera For an active high trigger signal the camera starts the exposure with a positive trigger edge and stops it when the preprogrammed exposure time has elapsed The exposure time is defined by the software Trigger controlled Exposure time In this trigger mode the exposure time is defined by the pulse width of the trigger pulse For an active high trigger signal the camera starts the exposure with the positive edge of the trigger signal and stops it with the negative edge G Trigger controlled exposure time is not available in simultaneous readout mode External Trigger with Camera controlled Exposure Time In the external trigger mode with camera controlled exposure time the rising edge of the trigger pulse starts the camera states machine which controls the sensor and optional an external strobe output Fig 4 30 shows the detailed timing diagram for the external trigger mode with camera controlled exposure time Loo o external trigger pulse input trigger after isolator d iso input trigger pulse internal camera control delayed trigger for shutter control t trigger delay internal shutter control Unsere t exposure delayed trigger for strobe control cr strobe delay internal strobe control le le CS cobeeduration NT external strobe pulse output gt
44. e usage of the burst mode and the burst configuration The software trigger is not working FreeRunning mode 4 4 7 Strobe Output The strobe unit is implemented in the form of two interfaces e RS422 compatible interface e Opto isolated interface Each interface has 3 output channels OUT 0 2 Channel OUTO is dedicated for very fast strobes and is a FPGA output signal Channel OUT1 and OUT2 are used for the slow strobe outputs and are connected with DSP output signals Fig 4 33 shows the different kinds of interfaces in a simplified manner The pinout of the interface connectors are given in Appendix Appendix A For further hardware details see Section 5 The strobe output can be used both in free running and in trigger mode There is a programmable delay available to adjust the strobe pulse to your application The opto isolated strobe outputs OPTO OUT O 2 need a separate power supply Please see Appendix Appendix Alfor more information Camera 14 pole Connector PDIG OUT O 2 vv NDIG OUT O 2 12 pole Connector Flash OPTO OUT O 2 Figure 4 33 Strobe output of the SM2 D1312 IE T16455 4 4 Trigger and Strobe 55 4 Functionality 4 5 Data Path Overview The data path is the path of the image from the output of the image sensor to the output of the camera The sequence of blocks is shown in figure Fig Monochrome cameras Image Sensor FPN Correction i Dig
45. eparately The following configurations are possible 60 No correction Offset correction only Offset and hot pixel correction Hot pixel correction only Offset and gain correction Offset gain and hot pixel correction Histogram of the uncorrected grey reference image 1 T T T T T T T i I grey reference image ok AT 0 8 grey reference image too bright Uma 4 Relative number of pixels 0 NNUS l 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200 Grey level 12 Bit DN Figure 4 39 Proper grey reference image for gain correction 7 m Lp po TS IB B 112 0 0 091 110 BUE 21 fale 1212031 IB 210721 CENENE T wa qe alice FEES current image offset correction gain correction corrected image matrix matrix Figure 4 40 Schematic presentation of the corrected image using gain correction algorithm In addition the black reference image and grey reference image that are currently stored in the camera RAM can be output Table 4 10 shows the minimum and maximum values of the correction matrices i e the range that the offset and gain algorithm can correct Minimum Maximum Offset correction 1023 DN 12 bit 1023 DN 12 bit Gain correction 0 42 2 67 Table 4 10 Offset and gain correction ranges 4 6 Image Correction 61 4 Functionality 4 7 Digital Gain and Offset There are two different gai
46. er that for a period of two years from the date of the shipment from manufacturer or distributor to end customer the Warranty Period that e the product will substantially conform to the specifications set forth in the applicable documentation published by the manufacturer and accompanying said product and e the product shall be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use The distributor shall not make or pass on to any party any warranty or representation on behalf of the manufacturer other than or inconsistent with the above limited warranty set 8 2 Warranty Claim The above warranty does not apply to any product that has been modified or al A tered by any party other than manufacturer or for any defects caused by any use of the product in a manner for which it was not designed or by the negligence of any party other than manufacturer 113 8 Warranty 114 9 References All referenced documents can be downloaded from our website at www photonfocus com AN001 Application Note LinLog Photonfocus December 2002 AN007 Application Note Camera Acquisition Modes Photonfocus March 2004 AN008 Application Note Photometry versus Radiometry Photonfocus December 2004 ANO026 Application Note LFSR Test Images Photonfocus September 2005 ANO030 Application Note LinLog Parameter Optimization Strategies February 2009 115 9 References 116 A Pinouts A 1 Power Supply Connector T
47. era electronics and the power supply including the line filters and camera case Fig 5 3 shows a schematic of the power and ground connections Camera Internal Power Supply VDD Power Supply E DC DC VCC 1 o 2 DC DC vcc_2 E o E 5B T DC DC vcc_3 o ng cv 2 gy SE B E Tiu L 5 ET NI GND 2 GND ad no us L a CASE CASE I O and Trigger Interface 2 o ISOLATOR g 7 S OUT VCC ISO_PWR 9 2 u 5 Bg o I o 6 o 5 o E E Ner a 8 po IN_GND 9 ISO GND 9 g o E E 2 3 a N L VDD Q u No Isolator VDD 5V S 8 GND e GND a t Figure 5 3 Schematic of power and ground connections Do NOT connect 14pol MDR GND to camera ground internal line filter will be short circuited 5 5 Power and Ground Connection for SM2 Cameras 81 5 Hardware Interface 5 6 Trigger and Strobe Signals for SM2 Cameras 5 6 1 Overview The 12 pol Hirose power connector contains three external trigger inputs and tree strobe outputs The 14 pol MDR connector contains and three differential RS 422 inputs and three differential RS 422 outputs CS The pinout of the power connector is described in Section A 1 CS The pinout of the RS422 connector is described in Section A 2 A suitable trigger breakout cable f
48. erview over the minimum and maximum values of the parameters External Trigger with Pulsewidth controlled Exposure Time In the external trigger mode with Pulsewidth controlled exposure time the rising edge of the trigger pulse starts the camera states machine which controls the sensor The falling edge of the trigger pulse stops the image acquisition Additionally the optional external strobe output is controlled by the rising edge of the trigger pulse Timing diagram Fig 4 31 shows the detailed timing for the external trigger mode with pulse width controlled exposure time t external trigger pulse input exposure trigger after isolator eros trigger pulse rising edge camera control t jitter l delayed trigger rising edge for shutter set t trigger delay trigger pulse falling edge camera control delayed trigger falling edge shutter reset t trigger delay internal shutter control t trigger offset t exposure Co d ui gt trigger for strobe control t strobe delay internal strobe control ie t strobe offset strobe duration external strobe pulse output t d iso output Figure 4 31 Timing diagram for the Pulsewidth controlled exposure time 50 The timing of the rising edge of the trigger pulse until to the start of exposure and strobe is equal to the timing of the camera controlled exposure time see Section 4 4 3
49. f loose particles This step alone is usually sufficient to clean the sensor of the most common contaminants Workshop air supply is not appropriate and may cause permanent damage to the sensor If further cleaning is required use a suitable lens wiper or Q Tip moistened with an appropriate cleaning fluid to wipe the sensor surface as described below Examples of suitable lens cleaning materials are given in Table 7 1 Cleaning materials must be ESD safe lint free and free from particles that may scratch the sensor surface Do not use ordinary cotton buds These do not fulfil the above requirements and permanent damage to the sensor may result Wipe the sensor carefully and slowly First remove coarse particles and dirt from the sensor using Q Tips soaked in 2 propanol applying as little pressure as possible Using a method similar to that used for cleaning optical surfaces clean the sensor by starting at any corner of the sensor and working towards the opposite corner Finally repeat the procedure with methanol to remove streaks It is imperative that no pressure be applied to the surface of the sensor or to the black globe top material if present surrounding the optically active surface during the cleaning process Iso Propanol Germany Table 7 1 Recommended materials for sensor cleaning Product Supplier Remark EAD400D Airduster Electrolube UK www electrolube com Anticon Gold 9 x 9 Wiper Mill
50. f the connector is shown in the camera manual Check the correct supply voltage and polarity Do not exceed the operating voltage range of the camera CE Asuitable power supply can be ordered from your Photonfocus dealership 4 Connect the power supply to the camera see Fig 2 6 2 3 Hardware Installation 13 2 How to get started SM2 2 4 Software Installation This section describes the installation of the required software to accomplish the tasks described in this chapter 1 Use the JavaApplet tcpdisplay jar to connect to the camera There are differnet ways to get the JavaApplet If you have already the JavaApplet and you know the camer IP address doubleclick the JavaApplet and enter camera IP address e You can find the JavaApplet in the Photonfocus SM2 folder when you have installed PFInstaller and selected the SM2 package during installation e Ifyou don t know the camera IP address use the VIBFinder exe tool you can find it also in the PhotonfocusiSM2 folder of the PFInstaller installation Click to Find Devices select the camera and click to Show Properties Now you can click to Open TCP Display e The JavaApplet tcpdisplay jar is also on the microSD card of the camera Unplug the microSD card and connect it to a computer or download the JavaApplet directly over FTP ftp 192 168 1 240 username password 2 The web browser displays the web server main window as shown in Fig ER TCP Display
51. he power supply connectors are available from Hirose connectors at Fig A 1 shows the power supply plug from the solder side The pin assignment of the power supply plug is given in Table A 2 It is extremely important that you apply the appropriate voltages to your camera Incorrect voltages will damage or destroy the camera amp The connection of the input and output signals is described in Section 5 6 C8 Asuitable power supply can be ordered from your Photonfocus dealership Connector Type Order Nr 12 pole Hirose HR10A 10P 12S soldering 110 0402 0 12 pole Hirose HR10A 10P 12SC crimping 110 0604 4 Table A 1 Power supply connectors Hirose HR10 series female connector Figure A 1 Power supply connector 12 pole female rear view of connector solder side 117 A Pinouts Pin I O Type Name Description 1 PWR GND Ground 2 PWR VDD 12 V DC 10 3 O OPTO_OUTO Strobe Strobe control opto isolated 4 O OPTO_OUT1 Strobe Strobe control opto isolated 5 O OPTO_OUT2 Strobe Strobe control opto isolated 6 PWR OUT_VCC 5 15 V DC 7 O RS232 TX Serial interface 8 RS232 RX Serial interface 9 OPTO_INO External trigger opto isolated 12 24V DC 10 OPTO_IN1 External trigger opto isolated 12 24V DC 11 OPTO_IN2 External trigger opto isolated 12 24V DC 12 PWR IN GND GND Table A 2 Power supply opto I O plug pin
52. hile data are valid DATA Transferred pixel values Example For a 100x100 pixel image there are 100 values transferred within one LVAL active high period or 100 100 values within one FVAL period Line pause Delay before the first line and after every following line when reading out the image data Table 4 2 Explanation of contro and data signals used in the timing diagram These terms will be used also in the timing diagrams of Section 4 4 4 1 3 Exposure Control The exposure time defines the period during which the image sensor integrates the incoming light Refer to Section 3 4 for the allowed exposure time range 4 1 4 Maximum Frame Rate The maximum frame rate depends on the exposure time and the size of the image see Section 14 3 Cg The maximal frame rate with current camera settings can be read out from the property FrameRateMax AcquisitionFrameRateMax in GigE cameras 30 4 2 Pixel Response 4 2 1 Linear Response The camera offers a linear response between input light signal and output grey level This can be modified by the use of LinLog as described in the following sections In addition a linear digital gain may be applied as follows Please see Table 3 2 for more model dependent information Black Level Adjustment The black level is the average image value at no light intensity It can be adjusted by the software Thus the overall image gets brighter or darker Use a histogram to
53. hown in Fig The timing of the external trigger pulse input until to the trigger pulse internal camera control is equal to the timing in the section Fig This trigger pulse then starts after a user configurable burst trigger delay time thurst trigger delay the internal burst engine which generates n internal triggers for the shutter and the strobe control A user configurable value defines the time thurst period time between two acquisitions 4 4 Trigger and Strobe 51 4 Functionality Gitter unse external trigger pulse input trigger after isolator trigger pulse internal camera control delayed trigger for burst trigger engine trigger delay delayed trigger for shutter control t burst period time trigger delay internal shutter control le trigger offset t exposure l l delayed trigger for strobe control Ustrobezdelay internal strobe control Lus be offset Estrobe duration l external strobe pulse output gt A Figure 4 32 Timing diagram for the burst trigger mode 52 SM2 D1312 IE T16455 80 SM2 D1312 IE T16455 80 Timing Parameter Minimum Maximum ta iso input 45 ns 60 ns litter 50 ns ttrigger delay 0 84 s Tburst trigger delay 0 84 s ourst period time depends on camera settings 0 84 s tirigger offset NON burst mode 200 ns 200 ns ttrigger off
54. iken USA ESD safe and suitable for class 100 environments www milliken com TX4025 Wiper Texwipe www texwipe com Transplex Swab Texwipe Small Q Tips SWABS Q tips Hans J Michael GmbH www hjm reinraum de BB 003 Germany Large Q Tips SWABS Q tips Hans J Michael GmbH CA 003 Germany Point Slim HUBY 340 Q tips Hans J Michael GmbH Germany Methanol Fluid Johnson Matthey GmbH Semiconductor Grade Germany 99 9 min Assay Merck 12 6024 UN1230 slightly flammable and poisonous www alfa chemcat com 2 Propanol Fluid Johnson Matthey GmbH Semiconductor Grade 99 5 min Assay Merck 12 5227 UN1219 slightly flammable www alfa chemcat com For cleaning the sensor Photonfocus recommends the products available from the suppliers as listed in Table 7 1 D 7 2 Optical Interface Cleaning tools except chemicals can be purchased directly from Photonfocus www photonfocus com 111 7 Mechanical and Optical Considerations 7 3 CE compliance The Photonfocus SM2 camera series are in compliance with the below mentioned standards according to the provisions of European Standards Directives e EN 61 000 6 3 2001 e EN 61000 6 2 2001 e EN 61000 4 6 1996 e EN 61000 4 4 1996 e EN 61000 4 3 1996 e EN 61000 4 2 1995 e EN 55022 1994 112 Warranty The manufacturer alone reserves the right to recognize warranty claims 8 1 Warranty Terms The manufacturer warrants to distributor and end custom
55. istance isolated trigger input and isolated strobe output 2 look up tables 12 to 8 bit on user defined image region Region LUT Up to 512 regions of interest MROI Image information and camera settings inside the image status line Crosshairs overlay on the image Table 3 1 Feature overview see Chapter 4 for more information Figure 3 2 SM2 D1312 IE T16455 CMOS camera with C mount lens 20 3 4 Technical Specification Technical Parameters Technology Scanning system SM2 D1312 IE TI6455 CMOS active pixel APS Progressive scan Optical format diagonal 1 13 6 mm diagonal 9 maximum resolution 2 3 11 6 mm diagonal 1024 x 1024 resolution Resolution Pixel size 1312 x 1082 pixels 8 um x 8 um Active optical area 10 48 mm x 8 64 mm maximum Random noise Fixed pattern noise FPN 0 3 DN 8 bit 3 4 DN Q 8 bit correction OFF 2 Fixed pattern noise FPN lt 1DN O 8 bit correction ON 92 Dark current SM2 D1312 T16455 Dark current SM2 D1312IE TI6455 0 65 fA pixel 27 C 0 79 fA pixel 27 C Full well capacity Spectral range SM2 D1312 TI6455 90 ke7 350 nm 980 nm see Fig 3 3 Spectral range SM21 D1312 E T16455 320 nm 1000 nm see Fig 3 4 Responsivity MV1 D1312 and DR1 D1312 Responsivity MV1 D1312IE and DR1 D1312IE 295 x10 DN J m 670 nm 8 bit 305 x10 DN J m 870 nm 8 bi
56. ital Offset i Digital Gain Look up table LUT v 3x3 Convolver v Crosshairs insertion v Status line insertion Y Test images insertion v Apply data resolution Image output Figure 4 34 camera data path 56 Colour cameras Image Sensor i FPN Correction i Digital Offset i Digital Gain RGB Fine Gain i Look up table LUT Y Status line insertion v Test images insertion v Apply data resolution i Image output 4 6 Image Correction 4 6 1 Overview The camera possesses image pre processing features that compensate for non uniformities caused by the sensor the lens or the illumination This method of improving the image quality is generally known as Shading Correction or Flat Field Correction and consists of a combination of offset correction gain correction and pixel interpolation G Since the correction is performed in hardware there is no performance limita tion of the cameras for high frame rates The offset correction subtracts a configurable positive or negative value from the live image and thus reduces the fixed pattern noise of the CMOS sensor In addition hot pixels can be removed by interpolation The gain correction can be used to flatten uneven illumination or to compensate shading effects of
57. n 656 ovl 1312 w where ovl is the overlap over the middle line and w is the width of the region of interest gt Any ROI settings in x direction exceeding the minimum ROI width must be mod ulo 32 SM2 D1312 IE Tl6455 80 SM2 D1312 IE TI6455 160 ROI width w 416 1312 544 1312 overlap ovl 208 272 width condition modulo 32 modulo 32 Table 4 4 Summary of the ROI configuration restrictions for the SM2 D1312 IE T16455 camera series indi cating the minimum ROI width w and the required number of pixel overlap ovl over the sensor middle line The settings of the region of interest in x direction are restricted to modulo 32 see Table 4 5 amp There are no restrictions for the settings of the region of interest in y direction 4 3 3 Calculation of the maximum frame rate The frame rate mainly depends on the exposure time and readout time The frame rate is the inverse of the frame time fps tframe Calculation of the frame time sequential mode 4 3 Reduction of Image Size 39 4 Functionality Width ROI X SM2 D1312 IE TI6455 80 ROI X SM2 D1312 IE TI6455 160 288 not available not available 320 not available not available 352 not available not available 384 not available not available 416 448 not available 448 416 448 not available 480 384 448 not available 512 352 448 not available 544 320 448 3
58. n settings on the camera Gain Digital Fine Gain Digital fine gain accepts fractional values from 0 01 up to 15 99 It is implemented as a multiplication operation Colour camera models only There is additionally a gain for every RGB colour channel The RGB channel gain is used to calibrate the white balance in an image which has to be set according to the current lighting condition Digital Gain Digital Gain is a coarse gain with the settings x1 x2 x4 and x8 It is implemented as a binary shift of the image data where 0 is shifted to the LSB s of the gray values E g for gain x2 the output value is shifted by 1 and bit 0 is set to 0 The resulting gain is the product of the two gain values which means that the image data is multiplied in the camera by this factor Digital Fine Gain and Digital Gain may result in missing codes in the output im age data A user defined value can be subtracted from the gray value in the digital offset block If digital gain is applied and if the brightness of the image is too big then the interesting part of the output image might be saturated By subtracting an offset from the input of the gain block it is possible to avoid the saturation 4 8 Grey Level Transformation LUT Grey level transformation is remapping of the grey level values of an input image to new values The look up table LUT is used to convert the greyscale value of each pixel in an image into another grey value It is ty
59. of ROI is shown and on the right hand side an example of MROI It can be readily seen that resulting image with MROI is smaller than the resulting image with ROI only and the former will result in an increase in image frame rate Fig shows another MROI drawing illustrating the effect of MROI on the image content Fig nos an example from hyperspectral imaging where the presence of spectral lines at known regions need to be inspected By using MROI only a 656x54 region need to be readout and a frame rate of 4300 fps can be achieved Without using MROI the resulting frame rate would be 216 fps for a 656x1082 ROI 4 3 Reduction of Image Size 41 4 Functionality 0 0 0 0 MROI 0 MROI 1 MROI 2 1311 1081 1311 1081 MROI 0 MROI 1 MROI 2 Figure 4 21 Multiple Regions of Interest Figure 4 22 Multiple Regions of Interest with 5 ROIs 0 0 a 656 pixel Chemical Agent A B Figure 4 23 Multiple Regions of Interest in hyperspectral imaging 4 3 Reduction of Image Size C 1 pixel 2 pixel 1 pixel 20 pixel 2 pixel 26 pixel 2 pixel 1311 1081 43 4 Functionality 4 3 5 Decimation Decimation reduces the number of pixels in y direction Decimation can also be used together with ROI or MROI Decimation in y direction transfers every n row only and directly results in reduced read out time and higher frame
60. only start if the readout time of the current image is finished exposure read out exposure read out Figure 4 2 Timing in free running sequential readout mode When the acquisition of an image needs to be synchronised to an external event an external trigger can be used refer to Section 4 4 In this mode the camera is idle until it gets a signal to capture an image exposure read out idle exposure external trigger Figure 4 3 Timing in triggered sequential readout mode Simultaneous readout interleave exposure To achieve highest possible frame rates the camera must be set to Free running mode with simultaneous readout The camera continuously delivers images as fast as possible Exposure time of the next image can start during the readout time of the current image exposure n idle exposure n 1 idle read out n 1 read out n read out n 1 frame time Figure 4 4 Timing in free running simultaneous readout mode readout time exposure time 26 exposure n 1 exposure n exposure n 1 idle read out n 1 idle read out n frame time Figure 4 5 Timing in free running simultaneous readout mode readout time exposure time When the acquisition of an image needs to be synchronised to an external event an external trigger can be used refer to Section 4 4 In this mode the camera is idle until it gets a signal to capture an image exposure n ide
61. or the Hirose 12 pol connector and the MDR 14 pol connector can be ordered from your Photonfocus dealership 5 6 2 Opto isolated Interface power connector The opto isolated interface is implemented with optocouplers The inputs are implemented with the VO0631T from VISHAY The VO0631T is a dual channel 10 MBaud optocoupler utilizing a high efficient input LED coupled with an integrated optical photodiode IC detector The internal shield provides a guaranteed common mode transient immunity of 5 kV us The input is designed for 12 V to 24 V input level Fig 5 4 shows the schematic details for one input channel The pinout of the 12 pole interface connector and the signal names are given in Appendix Appendix A OPTO IN 0 2 IN O 2 is Wi K IN_GND GND Figure 5 4 Circuit for the trigger input signals The outputs are implemented with the ILD213 from SIEMENS The ILD213 are optically coupled pairs with a gallium arsenide infrared LED and a silicon NPN phototransistor The high BVcgeo of 70 volts gives a higher safety margin compared to the industry standard of 30 volts Please refer to the datasheet when designing the interface electronic Fig 5 5 shows the schematic details for one output channel The pinout of the 12 pole interface connector and the signal names are given in Appendix Appendix A 82 OUT O 2 OUT VCC OPTO OUT O 2 GND Figure 5 5 Circuit for the strobe ou
62. photon focus IMAGO TECHNOLOGIES User Manual SM2 D1312 T16455 VisionCam PS CMOS DSP Camera MANO60 05 2013 V1 0 All information provided in this manual is believed to be accurate and reliable No responsibility is assumed by Photonfocus AG for its use Photonfocus AG reserves the right to make changes to this information without notice Reproduction of this manual in whole or in part by any means is prohibited without prior permission having been obtained from Photonfocus AG Contents 1 1 About Photonfocus 4 1 2 Contact e ie oe s alan an a a E BORE 13 Sales Offices oaoa a pr 15 Legend llle lll e eee 2 How to get started SM2 2 1 Introduction llle 2 2 Get the camera and its accessories 2 2 1 SM2 Cameraonly 2 2 2 SM2 Starter Kit 2 2 3 Accessories 2 0 0 eee seams Bee age eee ee BE RE ee a R 2 5 Emulator Debugger Installation 2 5 1 Code Composer Studio CCS 2 5 2 Emulator 2 5 3 ConnectcameratoJTAG 2 5 4 Framework and example 2 5 5 Documentation of the code and libraries 2 5 6 microSDcCardl 3 Product Specification 3 1 Introduction 3 2 Hardware Overview 3 3 Feature Overview 3 4 Technical Specification 4 Functionality 4 1 Image Acquisition
63. pically used to implement a transfer curve for contrast expansion The camera performs a 12 to 8 bit mapping so that 4096 input grey levels can be mapped to 256 output grey levels The use of the three available modes is explained in the next sections Two LUT and a Region LUT feature are available in the SM2 D1312 IE TI6455 camera series see Section 4 8 4 Cg The output grey level resolution of the look up table independent of gain gamma or user definded mode is always 8 bit Cg There are 2 predefined functions which generate a look up table and transfer it to the camera For other transfer functions the user can define his own LUT file Some commonly used transfer curves are shown in Fig Line a denotes a negative or inverse transformation line b enhances the image contrast between grey values x0 and x1 Line c shows brightness thresholding and the result is an image with only black and white grey levels and line d applies a gamma correction see also Section 4 8 2 4 8 1 Gain The Gain mode performs a digital linear amplification with clamping see Fig 4 42 It is configurable in the range from 1 0 to 4 0 e g 1 234 62 Figure 4 41 Commonly used LUT transfer curves Grey level transformation Gain y 255 1023 a x 300 T T T 250 200 150 100 50 y grey level output value 8 bit DN 0 i i l li 0 200 400 600 800 1000 x grey level input value 10 bit
64. put set StrobePulseWidth to 0 Strobe Delay ms Delay in milliseconds from the input trigger edge to the rising edge of the strobe output signal Strobe Pulse Width ms The pulse width of the strobe trigger in milliseconds Strobe signal active low Define the strobe output to be active high default or active low Output Disabled No Strobe out Opto Out 0 The strobe signal is available on the power supply connector Differential Out 0 The strobe signal is available on the trigger connector 92 Data Format Region of interest LinLog Data Format Output Mode F Normal 1 Resolution F 8bit 7 Gain Digitaloffset FineGain _ Flipimage Figure 6 15 Accessible parameters in the configuration button DATA FORMAT of the web browser Output Mode Normal Normal mode LFSR Test image Linear feedback shift register pseudo random image The pattern depends on the grey level resolution Ramp Test image Values of pixel are incremented by 1 starting at each row The pattern depends on the grey level resolution Resolution 8 Bit Grey level resolution of 8 bit 10 Bit Grey level resolution of 10 bit 12 Bit Grey level resolution of 12 bit Digital Gain 1x No digital gain normal mode 2x Digital gain 2 4x Digital gain 4 8x Digital gain 8 Digital Offset and FineGain 6 1 Web Server 93 6 Framework Functionalities LUT LUT ROI Region of interest LinLog _ LUTO Enable LUTO Mode
65. r more details please consult Table 4 4 and Table 4 5 amp The minimum width must be positioned symmetrically towards the vertical cen ter line of the sensor as shown in Fig and Fig 14 19 A list of possible settings of the ROI for each camera model is given in Table gt 208 Pixel gt 208 Pixel modulo 32 Pixel gt nn u ote gt 208 Pixel gt 208 Pixel E modulo 32 Pixel a b Figure 4 18 Possible configuration of the region of interest with SM2 D1312 IE T16455 80 CMOS camera EIN It is recommended to re adjust the settings of the shading correction each time a new region of interest is selected 36 gt 272 pixel gt 272 pixeli modulo 32 pixel gt e u gt 272 pixel gt 272 pixel modulo 32 pixel a b Figure 4 19 Possible configuration of the region of interest with SM2 D1312 IE T16455 160 CMOS camera Any region of interest may NOT be placed outside of the center of the sensor Examples shown in Fig illustrate configurations of the ROI that are NOT allowed a b Figure 4 20 ROI configuration examples that are NOT allowed 4 3 Reduction of Image Size 37 4 Functionality Table 4 3 Frame rates of different ROI settings exposure time 10 us correction on and sequential readout ROI Dimension Standard SM2 D131
66. rate respectively Fig shows decimation on the full image The rows that will be read out are marked by red lines Row 0 is read out and then every nt row 0 0 M a 9 1311 1081 Figure 4 24 Decimation in full image Fig shows decimation on a ROI The row specified by the Window Y setting is first read out and then every nt row until the end of the ROI 0 0 i 1311 1081 Figure 4 25 Decimation and ROI Fig shows decimation and MROI For every MROI region m the first row read out is the row specified by the MROI lt m gt Y setting and then every nt row until the end of MROI region m 44 0 0 ROI 1311 1081 Figure 4 26 Decimation and MROI The image in Fig on the right hand side shows the result of decimation 3 of the image on the left hand side Figure 4 27 Image example of decimation 3 An example of a high speed measurement of the elongation of an injection needle is given in Fig In this application the height information is less important than the width information Applying decimation 2 on the original image on the left hand side doubles the resulting frame to about 7800 fps 4 3 Reduction of Image Size 45 4 Functionality Figure 4 28 Example of decimation 2 on image of injection needle 46 4 4 Trigger and Strobe 4 4 1 Introduction The start of the exposure of the camera s image sensor i
67. re installation that is required for this guide is described in this section The following hardware is required PC with Microsoft Windows OS XP Vista Windows 7 A Gigabit Ethernet network interface card NIC must be installed in the PC Photonfocus SM2 camera Suitable power supply for the camera see in the camera manual for specification which can be ordered from your Photonfocus dealership GigE cable of at least Cat 5E or 6 Se Photonfocus SM2 cameras can also be used under Linux Do not bend GigE cables too much Excess stress on the cable results in transmis A sion errors In robots applications the stress that is applied to the GigE cable is especially high due to the fast movement of the robot arm For such applications special drag chain capable cables are available The following list describes the connection of the camera to the PC 1 Remove the Photonfocus SM2 camera from its packaging Please make sure the following items are included with your camera e Power supply connector e SM2 camera body e P address default 192 168 1 240 If any items are missing or damaged please contact your dealership Connect the camera to the GigE interface of your PC with a GigE cable of at least Cat 5E or 6 Figure 2 6 Rear view of the SM2 camera SM2 D1312 IE T16455 80 with power supply and I O connector Ethernet jack RJ45 and status LED 3 Connect a suitable power supply to the power plug The pin out o
68. re time They can be set to a maximum value of 1000 which corresponds to the exposure time Examples in the following sections illustrate the LinLog feature LinLog1 In the simplest way the pixels are operated with a constant LinLog voltage which defines the knee point of the transition This procedure has the drawback that the linear response curve changes directly to a logarithmic curve leading to a poor grey resolution in the logarithmic region see Fig V LinLog i JE Value1 Value2 0 Time1 Time2 max t 1000 Figure 4 11 Constant LinLog voltage in the Linlog1 mode Typical LinLog1 Response Curve Varying Parameter Value1 Time1 1000 Time2 1000 Value2 Value1 300 T T T T T 250 F J 200 150 100 Output grey level 8 bit DN 50 0 Illumination Intensity Figure 4 12 Response curve for different LinLog settings in LinLog1 mode 32 V1 15 V1 16 V1 17 V1 218 V1 19 LinLog2 To get more grey resolution in the LinLog mode the LinLog2 procedure was developed In LinLog2 mode a switching between two different logarithmic compressions occurs during the exposure time see Fig 4 13 The exposure starts with strong compression with a high LinLog voltage Valuel At Timel the LinLog voltage is switched to a lower voltage resulting in a weaker compression This procedure gives a LinLog response curve with more grey resolution Fig 4 14 and Fig 4 15 show how th
69. rver Use the JavaApplet tcpdisplay jar to connect to the camera There are differnet ways to get the JavaApplet If you have already the JavaApplet and you know the camer IP address doubleclick the JavaApplet and enter camera IP address e You can find the JavaApplet in the Photonfocus SM2 folder when you have installed PFInstaller and selected the SM2 package during installation If you don t know the camera IP address use the VIBFinder exe tool you can find it also in the Photonfocus SM2 folder of the PFInstaller installation Click to Find Devices select the camera and click to Show Properties Now you can click to Open TCP Display e The JavaApplet tcpdisplay jar is also on the microSD card of the camera Unplug the microSD card and connect it to a computer or download the JavaApplet directly over FTP ftp 192 168 1 240 username password Se The default camera IP Address 192 168 1 240 Cg The IP address of the camera can be changed in the ethernet ini file on the microSD card The main window of the web server displays the live image of the camera and the menu items for configuration of the camera settings 85 6 Framework Functionalities Eig Siil camera Tate Tate Figure 6 1 Main window of the web server On the left side of the main window are the buttons for the configuration menu The right side of the main window displays the live image and the information part 6 1 2
70. s controlled by the trigger The trigger can either be generated internally by the camera free running trigger mode or by an external device external trigger mode This section refers to the external trigger mode if not otherwise specified In external trigger mode the trigger can be applied through the CameraLink interface interface trigger or directly by the power supply connector of the camera I O Trigger see Section 4 4 2 The trigger signal can be configured to be active high or active low When the frequency of the incoming triggers is higher than the maximal frame rate of the current camera settings then some trigger pulses will be missed A missed trigger counter counts these events This counter can be read out by the user The exposure time in external trigger mode can be defined by the setting of the exposure time register camera controlled exposure mode or by the width of the incoming trigger pulse trigger controlled exposure mode see Section 4 4 3 An external trigger pulse starts the exposure of one image In Burst Trigger Mode however a trigger pulse starts the exposure of a user defined number of images see Section 4 4 5 The start of the exposure is shortly after the active edge of the incoming trigger An additional trigger delay can be applied that delays the start of the exposure by a user defined time see Section 4 4 4 This often used to start the exposure after the trigger to a flash lighting source 4
71. set Durst mode 250 ns Texposure 0 84 s lstrobe delay 0 84 s tstrobe offset non burst mode 200 ns tstrobe oftset burst mode 250 ns Tstrobe duration 0 84 s ta iso output 60 ns torigger pulsewidth 200 ns n a Number of bursts n 1 30000 Table 4 8 Summary of timing parameters relevant in the external trigger mode using camera SM2 D1312 IE T16455 80 4 4 Trigger and Strobe 53 4 Functionality SM2 D1312 IE Tl6455 160 SM2 D1312 IE T16455 160 t4 iso input 45 ns 60 ns Litter 0 25 ns 0 0 42 s tirigger delay tburst trigger delay 0 0 42 s burst period time depends on camera settings 0 42 s ttrigger offset NON burst mode 100 ns 100 ns ttrigger offset Durst mode 125 ns texposure 10 us 0 42 s tstrobe delay 0 0 42 s tstrobe offset NON burst mode 100 ns 100 ns lstrobe offset burst mode 125 ns tstrobe duration 0 42 s ta iso output 60 ns ttrigger pulsewidth n a Number of bursts n 30000 Table 4 9 Summary of timing parameters relevant in the external trigger mode using camera SM2 D1312 IE T16455 160 54 4 4 6 Software Trigger The software trigger enables to emulate an external trigger pulse by the camera software through the serial data interface It works with both burst mode enabled and disabled As soon as it is performed via the camera software it will start the image acquisition s depending on th
72. st LinLog and trigger signals 6 1 Web Server 89 6 Framework Functionalities Exposure ET Strobe Output Data Format LUT LUT ROI Region of interest LinLog Exposure Control Exposure time Hs Ml Frame time us Figure 6 12 Accessible parameters in the configuration button EXPOSURE of the web browser Exposure time ms Configure the exposure time in milliseconds Constant Frame Rate When the Constant Frame Rate CFR is switched on the frame rate number of frames per second can be varied from almost 0 up to the maximum frame rate Thus fewer images can be acquired than would otherwise be possible When Constant Frame Rate is switched off the camera delivers images as fast as possible depending on the exposure time and the readout time Frame time ms Configure the frame time in milliseconds Only available if Constant Frame Rate is enabled The minimum frame time depends on the exposure time and readout time 90 Trigger xposure Control nal Trigger Strobe Output Data Format LUT LUT ROI Region of interest LinLog External Trigger source fl Free Running F Exposure time defined by Trg Delay pus _ Interleave Trg Divisor Figure 6 13 Accessible parameters in the configuration button TRIGGER of the web browser Trigger Source Free running The camera continuously delivers images with a certain configurable frame rate Opto In 0 The trigger signal is applied direc
73. stored as tab delimited text file User LUT y f x 12 bit Figure 4 45 Data path through LUT 4 8 4 Region LUT and LUT Enable 8 bit Two LUTs and a Region LUT feature are available in the S M2 D1312 IE TI6455 camera series Both LUTs can be enabled independently see 4 11 LUT O superseds LUT1 Enable LUT O Enable LUT 1 Enable Region LUT X don t care Description LUT are disabled LUT 0 is active on whole image LUT 1 is active on whole image LUT 0 active in Region 0 LUT 0 active in Region 0 and LUT 1 active Table 4 11 LUT Enable and Region LUT 4 8 Grey Level Transformation LUT in Region 1 LUT 0 supersedes LUT1 65 4 Functionality When the Region LUT feature is enabled then the LUTs are only active in a user defined region Examples are shown in Fig 4 46 and Fig 4 47 Fig 4 46 shows an example of overlapping Region LUTs LUT 0 LUT 1 and Region LUT are enabled LUT 0 is active in region 0 x00 x01 y00 y01 and it supersedes LUT 1 in the overlapping region LUT 1 is active in region 1 x10 x11 y10 y11 0 0 x00 x10 x01 x11 y104 y007 y01 y11_ 1311 1081 Figure 4 46 Overlapping Region LUT example Fig shows an example of keyhole inspection in a laser welding application LUT 0 and LUT 1 are used to enhance the contrast by applying optimized transfer curves to the individual regions LUT 0 is used for
74. t Quantum Efficiency Optical fill factor gt 50 gt 60 Dynamic range 60 dB in linear mode 120 dB with LinLog Colour format colour models Characteristic curve RGB Bayer Raw Data Pattern Linear LinLog Shutter mode Global shutter Greyscale resolution 12 bit 10 bit 8 bit Table 3 2 General specification of the SM2 D1312 IE T16455 camera series Footnotes 1 Indicated values are typical values Indicated values are subject to confirmation 3 4 Technical Specification 21 3 Product Specification Read out mode SM2 D1312 IE Tl6455 80 SM2 D1312 IE TI6455 160 Exposure Time 10 us 0 83 s 10 us 0 425 Exposure time increment 50 ns 25 ns Frame rate Tint 10 us 54 fps 108 fps Pixel clock frequency 40 MHz 80 MHz Pixel clock cycle 25 ns 12 5 ns Camera taps 1 2 sequential or simultaneous Table 3 3 Model specific parameters Footnotes 5 Maximum frame rate Q full resolution 8 bit Operating temperature moisture SM2 D1312 IE Tl6455 80 SM2 D1312 IE TI6455 160 0 C 50 C 20 80 Storage temperature moisture Camera power supply 25 C 60 C 20 95 12 V DC 10 Trigger signal input range 12 424 V DC Strobe signal power supply Strobe signal sink current average 12 424 V DC max 8 mA Max power consumption 12 V TBDW TBDW
75. t pattern with increasing grey level from the left to the right side see Fig Figure 4 57 Ramp test images 8 bit output left 10 bit output middle 12 right 4 12 2 LFSR The LFSR linear feedback shift register test image outputs a constant pattern with a pseudo random grey level sequence containing every possible grey level that is repeated for every row The LFSR test pattern was chosen because it leads to a very high data toggling rate which stresses the interface electronic In the histogram you can see that the number of pixels of all grey values are the same Please refer to application note ANO26 for the calculation and the values of the LFSR test image 4 12 3 Troubleshooting using the LFSR To control the quality of your complete imaging system enable the LFSR mode set the camera window to 1024 x 1024 pixels x 0 and y 0 and check the histogram If your frame grabber application does not provide a real time histogram store the image and use a graphic software tool to display the histogram In the LFSR linear feedback shift register mode the camera generates a constant pseudo random test pattern containing all grey levels If the data transmission is error free the histogram of the received LFSR test pattern will be flat Fig 4 59 On the other hand a 4 12 Test Images 75 4 Functionality Figure 4 58 LFSR linear feedback shift register test image non flat histogram Fig indicates problems that may
76. t is extremely important that you apply the appropriate voltages to your camera Incorrect voltages will damage the camera CE Asuitable power supply can be ordered from your Photonfocus dealership For further details including the pinout please refer to Appendix A 79 5 Hardware Interface 5 3 Trigger Connector The RS422 Trigger and Strobe connector is a MDR 14 This interface supports e 3RS422 differential inputs e 3RS422 differential outputs For further details including the pinout please refer to Appendix A 5 4 Status Indicator SM2 cameras Two dual color LEDs on the back of the camera gives information about the current status of the DSP camera Figure 5 2 Status LED LED 1 Red Status 1 Indicates status of hardware configuration lights red if the boot process of the camera was successful LED 1 Green Status 2 VIB_SetLED Bit2 value The status can be defined by the user to indicate the status of the user s application software LED 2 Red Status 1 VIB_SetLED Bit1 value The status can be defined by the user to indicate the status of the user s application software LED 2 Green Status 2 VIB SetLED BitO value The status can be defined by the user to indicate the status of the user s application software Table 5 1 Meaning of the LEDs of the DSP camera 80 5 5 Power and Ground Connection for SM2 Cameras The interface electronics of the power connector is isolated from the cam
77. tant 0 Time1 Time2 tap Figure 4 16 Voltage switching in the LinLog3 mode 34 Typical LinLog2 Response Curve Varying Parameter Time2 Time1 850 Value1 19 Value2 18 300 T T T T T 250r T2 950 T2 960 T2 970 T2 980 3 200 7 T2 990 D 150 gt u D 5 100 x em 5 O 50 7 0 i Illumination Intensity Figure 4 17 Response curve for different LinLog settings in LinLog3 mode 4 2 Pixel Response 35 4 Functionality 4 3 Reduction of Image Size With Photonfocus cameras there are several possibilities to focus on the interesting parts of an image thus reducing the data rate and increasing the frame rate The most commonly used feature is Region of Interest ROI 4 3 1 Region of Interest ROI Some applications do not need full image resolution e g 1312 x 1082 pixels By reducing the image size to a certain region of interest ROI the frame rate can be increased A region of interest can be almost any rectangular window and is specified by its position within the full frame and its width W and height H Fig 4 18 and Fig 4 19 how possible configurations for the region of interest and Table 4 3 present numerical examples of how the frame rate can be increased by reducing the ROI CS Both reductions in x and y direction result in a higher frame rate G The minimum width of the region of interest depends on the model of the MV1 D1312 l camera series Fo
78. tly to the camera on the power supply connector RS422 In 0 The trigger signal is applied directly to the camera on the trigger connector RS422 Encoder Use all 3 RS422 inputs as shaft encoder Exposure time defined by Camera The exposure time is defined by the property ExposureTime Trigger Pulse Width The exposure time is defined by the pulse width of the trigger signal level controlled exposure C This property disables LinLog and simultaneous readout mode Further trigger settings Trigger Delay Programmable delay in milliseconds between the incoming trigger edge and the start of the exposure Trigger signal active low Define the trigger signal to be active high default or active low The simultaneous readout mode allows higher frame rates Simultaneous readout Interleave Enable the simultaneous readout mode Combination of property Trigger Interleave and property Skim is not avail GE able Combination of property Trigger Interleave and property Trig ger LevelControlled is not available 6 1 Web Server 91 6 Framework Functionalities Strobe posure Control Trigger LinLog Strobe Output Delay us o Width us 1000 Output K Disables pp Figure 6 14 Accessible parameters in the configuration button STROBE of the web browser The camera generates a strobe output signal that can be used to trigger a flash The delay pulse width and polarity can be defined by software To turn off strobe out
79. to give an image with a mid grey level lt gt Gain correction is not a trivial feature The quality of the grey reference image is crucial for proper gain correction Produce a grey image with an average between 2200 and 3600 DN Click on the Validation button to check the average If the average is in range the Set Grey Ref button is active Calculate Calculate the correction values into the camera RAM To make the correction values permanent use the Save to Flash button Save to Flash Save the current correction values to the internal flash memory A This will overwrite the factory presets Histogram Stretching The histogramm showed in the info area will be stretched 6 1 Web Server 101 6 Framework Functionalities Preset File nterest g Correction Select Preset File DEFAULT __ Use Preset on start Figure 6 22 Accessible parameters in the configuration button PRESET of the web browser Load and store settings from the SD card The select box displays the existing settings With the button Apply Pr the selected setting is loaded With the Button Save P the user can store the settings All settings are loaded from stored to the directory PRESET on the SD card 102 Sensor Info P LUT LUT ROI Region of interest LinLog Convolver Shading Correction Sensor Information Sensor Information sor Module 1312 TI6455 160 Typecode 264 S Sl Factory Reset Figure 6 23 Info b
80. tor a eaaa 117 A 2 RS422 Trigger and Strobe Interface 2 aaa ee 118 B Revision History 121 CONTENTS 5 CONTENTS Preface 1 1 About Photonfocus The Swiss company Photonfocus is one of the leading specialists in the development of CMOS image sensors and corresponding industrial cameras for machine vision security amp surveillance and automotive markets Photonfocus is dedicated to making the latest generation of CMOS technology commercially available Active Pixel Sensor APS and global shutter technologies enable high speed and high dynamic range 120 dB applications while avoiding disadvantages like image lag blooming and smear Photonfocus has proven that the image quality of modern CMOS sensors is now appropriate for demanding applications Photonfocus product range is complemented by custom design solutions in the area of camera electronics and CMOS image sensors Photonfocus is ISO 9001 certified All products are produced with the latest techniques in order to ensure the highest degree of quality 1 2 Contact Photonfocus AG Bahnhofplatz 10 CH 8853 Lachen SZ Switzerland Sales Phone 41 55 451 07 45 Email sales photonfocus com Phone 41 55 451 01 37 Email support photonfocus com Table 1 1 Photonfocus Contact 1 3 Sales Offices Photonfocus products are available through an extensive international distribution network and through our key account managers Details of the distributor
81. tput signals 5 6 Trigger and Strobe Signals for SM2 Cameras 83 5 Hardware Interface 5 6 3 RS422 Interface In the RS422 interface standard industry RS422 transmitters and receivers are used Special care has been taken regarding the ESD protection In the inputs the MAX3096 a pin compatible low power upgrade to the industry standard 26LS32 is used The protection levels are e 15kV IEC 1000 4 2 air gap discharge e 8kV IEC 1000 4 2 contact discharche and e 15kV human body model Additionally to the fail safe feature of the receiver an external fail safe circuitry was implemented for a very robust interface The RS422 outputs are implemented with a MAX3045 which is an ESD protected pin compatible low power upgrade to the industry standard 26LS31 The MAX3045 feature a hot swap capability that eliminates false transitions on the data cable during power up or hot insertion The protection levels are 10 kV human body model e 4kV EFT fast transient burst immunity per IEC 1000 4 4 e Level 2 surge immunity per IEC 1000 4 5 unshielded cable model and e Hot swappable for telecom applications 84 Framework Functionalities 6 1 Web Server The SM2 camera has a built in web server The web server is used to configure the camera parameters such as region of interest ROI or exposure time It is also possible to save a live image on the microSD card of the SM2 camera 6 1 1 Access to the Web Se
82. utton in the web browser The Info button displays camera relevant information such as type code serial number and firmware revision numbers of the FPGA and of the microController Status Line Enable Status Line The status line replaces the last line of an image with image information please refer the manual for additional information Store as Sensor defaults Store the current configuration in the camera flash memory as the default configuration After a reset the camera will load this configuration by default Recall Sensor defaults Reset the camera and load the default configuration Factory Reset Reset camera and reset the configuration to the factory defaults 6 1 Web Server 103 6 Framework Functionalities 6 1 6 Save Pic Figure 6 24 Save Pic button in the web browser In this menu the user can save an original image of the sensor to the microSD card The user can select various file formats such as JPG BMP and PNG o Save Fic Load Fic File type F BMP F Start Value Name prefix pic PICS pic001 BMP Figure 6 25 Configuration settings of the Save Pic command in the web browser Save button Save the current image to the microSD card Back Step back to previous menu item File type Choose the format of the file to be saved BMP JPG and PNG file formats are supported Auto increment If this option is selected the camera increments the number of the file name Start Value Set the start v
83. vibration and shock during storage and transport Please either retain this packaging for possible later use or dispose of it according to local regulations 7 1 4 Cameras with GigE Interface Fig 7 1 shows the mechanical drawing of the camera housing for the SM2 D1312 CMOS cameras series 60 photon o Figure 7 1 Mechanical dimensions of the SM2 camera 109 7 Mechanical and Optical Considerations 7 2 Optical Interface 7 2 1 Cleaning the Sensor The sensor is part of the optical path and should be handled like other optical components with extreme care Dust can obscure pixels producing dark patches in the images captured Dust is most visible when the illumination is collimated Dark patches caused by dust or dirt shift position as the angle of illumination changes Dust is normally not visible when the sensor is positioned at the exit port of an integrating sphere where the illumination is diffuse 1 110 The camera should only be cleaned in ESD safe areas by ESD trained personnel using wrist straps Ideally the sensor should be cleaned in a clean environment Otherwise in dusty environments the sensor will immediately become dirty again after cleaning Use a high quality low pressure air duster e g Electrolube EAD400D pure compressed inert gas www electrolube com to blow of
84. ware provided for setting and storage of camera parameters e The camera has a Gigabit Ethernet interface e Texas Instrument TMS320C6455 DSP with 1 2GHz and 9600MIPS e 512MB onboard DDR RAM e The camera has a Gigabit Ethernet interface 2GB microSD card max 32GB e Advanced I O capabilities 3 isolated trigger inputs 3 differential isolated RS 422 inputs 3 differential isolated RS 422 outputs and 3 isolated outputs e Wide power input range from 12 V 10 to 24V 10 The general specification and features of the camera are listed in the following sections 17 3 Product Specification 3 2 Hardware Overview The three main components in the block diagram are the CMOS camera module the FPGA and the digital signal processor These components are especially designed to transfer high data rates and to communicate with each other The used high speed communication protocol is called Sun System Protocol The CMOS camera module is a D1312 IE camera module from Photonfocus with all its included features like 1312 x 1082 pixel camera resolution global shutter shading correction and LinLog technology The image processing computer FPGA DSP SDRAM Flash is a module based on VisionBox technology from IMAGO Technologies The function of this module is the handling of the image data the doing the image processing and performing the communication between the components and peripheral devices The digital signal processor has
85. y Photonfocus AG camera head and IMAGO Technologies vision computer This document is a guideline for programming and understanding the SM2 D1312 IE TI6455 Series VisionCam PS This guide shows you How to get the camera and it s accessories How to install the required hardware How to install the required software How to acquire your first images and how to modify camera settings 2 2 Get the camera and its accessories 2 2 1 SM2 Camera only An order of the SM2 camera contains the camera body only no lense Figure 2 1 SM2 camera 2 How to get started SM2 2 2 2 SM2 Starter Kit An order of the SM2 Starter Kit contains the following items e _SM2 Camera body no lense SM2 JTAG connector Figure 2 2 SM2 JTAG adapter and camera 2 2 3 Accessories SM2 JTAG Connector The SM2 JTAG connector is needed to connect the emulator to the DSP of the SM2 camera The JTAG interface is behind the JTAG SD CARD plate This connector can be ordered from Photonfocus Figure 2 3 SM2 JTAG adapter 10 Power supply The power supply can be ordered from Photonfocus Figure 2 4 SM2 power supply SM2 Trigger cables The SM2 trigger cables packages contains two cables e 12pol cable for the Hirose power connector 14pol cable for the MDR 14 connector Figure 2 5 SM2 trigger cables 2 2 Get the camera and its accessories 11 2 How to get started SM2 2 3 Hardware Installation The hardwa

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