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1. INTRODUCTION About this Manual Magnetic Fields in the Environment Electric Fields in the Environment The Instrument Using the FD1 FD2 Combinova The Company Behind the Product Page INTRODUCTION Combinova FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Blank page Rev 1B INTRODUCTION FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Rev 1B 1 1 This manual contains a combined description of the FD1 FD2 instruments About this Manual Thank you for choosing the Field Detector FD1 FD2 The FD1 FD2 is designed using a combination of traditional electronics and surface mounting technology ensuring a long life and trouble free operation This manual is intentionally sectioned for two types of users the advanced user who is already familiar with the subject of field measurements and beginners who have little or no knowledge of magnetic and electric field measurements We recommend the following use of this manual Experienced users Read this manual beginning with Section 2 Unpacking and inspection continuing with Section 3 Operating instructions that will give you consise instructions for using the instrument This will get you started measuring with the FD1 FD2 in the shortest time When you are familiar with the instruments you might want to move on to Section 4 Technical Description together with Section 5 Specifications to get a feel for of the technical capabilities of the instrument New users Be
2. INSTRUCTIONS FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL combinova Rev 1B Section 4 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION Page 4 1 Measurement Principle 4 2 4 2 Electronics 4 3 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION 4 0 combinova FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Blank page Rev 1B 4 1 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Combinova Rev 1B 4 1 Measurement Principle FD1 FD2 uses true RMS measurements of both magnetic and electric fields Measurements are made by a sampling technique with multiple samples to give a complete representation of the signal The sampled measurement values are A D converted and the microprocessor calculates the true RMS value Magnetic field measurements are made using three orthogonal coils and with normal measurements the microprocessor calculates a direction independent measurement result three axis measurement The frequency response of the amplifiers in FD1 are adapted to avoid any influence from movement of the instrument in the earth static magnetic field The amplifiers have a six pole high pass filter with a cut off frequency of 20 Hz The normal frequencies of sources for ELF measurements are either power frequencies 50 60 Hz or vertical deflection frequencies from VDTs 50 125 Hz The modified frequency response will cause no problems for these applications The frequency response will cause an attenuation of the signal for measurement situations where the frequency of the source is substantially lower than 5
3. Integration Amplification Fig 4 1 FD1 block diagram Bandpass filtering Compression A D conversion Bargraph LED display Microprocessor A By RBA 68HC11 gt D Bx A gt N Preamplifier Fig 4 2 FD2 block diagram TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION 4 4 combinova FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Blank page Rev 1B 4 5 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL combinova Rev 1B Section 5 SPECIFICATIONS 5 1 FD1 specification 5 2 FD2 specification Page 5 1 5 2 SPECIFICATIONS 5 0 combinova FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL 5 1 FD1 SPECIFICATIONS Magnetic fields Measurement range 40 nT 100 RMS Min value lt 25 nT 40 nT indicator blinking Max value gt 105 uT 100 uT indicator blinking Electric fields Measurement range 4 V m 10 kV m RMS Min value lt 2 5 V m 4 V m indicator blinking Max value gt 10 5 kV m 10 kV m indicator blinking Magnetic and Electric fields Frequency response 20 Hz 2000 Hz 3dB Uncertainty 5 18 28 C Temperature coefficient 1 C at temperatures outside 18 28 C Display resolution 4 12 logarithmic scale Display type 32 light emitting diodes LED s Batteries Two R6 AA size 1 5 V alkaline batteries with operating time of 30 hours in normal use Dimensions Length 205 mm Width 70mm
4. The depth of technical experience makes it possible for the company to handle all stages of product development including project management and technical combinova Combinova AB Visiting address Tel 46 8 627 93 10 Domkraftsv gen 1 Domkraftsv gen 1 Fax 46 8 29 59 85 197 40 Bro Bro www combinova se Sweden Sweden INTRODUCTION 1 8 Combinova FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Blank page Rev 1B INTRODUCTION FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Combinova Rev 1B Section 2 UNPACKING AND INSPECTION Page 2 1 Unpacking 2 2 2 2 Inspection 2 3 2 3 Checking the battery 2 3 UNPACKING AND INSPECTION 2 0 combinova FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL USER MANUAL CARRYING HOLSTER GROUND REFERENCE FIELD DETECTOR CABLE BATTERIES Fig 2 1 Unpacking of FD1 FD2 2 1 UNPACKING AND INSPECTION FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Combinova Rev 1B 2 1 The FD1 FD2 is delivered in a cardboard box that should be saved if for any reason the instrument needs to be returned to Combinova or its authorized dealer Unpacking Inspect the box for any apparent damage caused by transportation handling If damage has occurred to the box or its contents please contact the shipping company that delivered your instrument The box should contain the following items see Fig 2 1 Supplied items e FD1 FD2 Instrument e Ground Reference Cable e Carrying Holster Batteries e Manual If any item is missing please conta
5. front of the FD1 FD2 antenna which screens the external electrical field eens 100 10 80 8 60 40 4 Batteries FD1 FD2 checks the battery voltage whilst in use If FIELD DETECTOR 1 the voltage falls below a limit of 2 1 V then the battery warning indicator will flash after measurement when the push button is released Battery Battery indicator This indicator and the measurement indicator B or E will flash together until the instrument switches off automatically A blinking battery indicator shows that the batteries need to be changed soon FD1 FD2 can be used for some additional time without risking inaccurate measurements The recommended batteries are two R6 AA size 1 5 V alkaline standard cells Check that the batteries are replaced with the correct polarity Battery life depend on usage but it is normally estimated to be around 30 hours for FD1 and 10 hours for FD2 Battery compartment with polarity indications Indicator Test FD1 FD2 has a test facility for the LED display The test is activated by simultaneously depressing and holding down both the B and E field push buttons All indicators are lit in a continuous sequence during this verification test The test continues until the push buttons are released OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 3 8 Combinova Combinova FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Blank page Rev 1B 3 9 OPERATING
6. left has a pe range from 40 nT to 100 mT for V m FD1 and from 4 nT to 10 mT for FD2 Two adjacent indicators are lit if the magnetic field is in between the values on the scale The ex ample shows a value of 7 nT FIELD DETECTOR 1 FIELD DETECTOR 2 Battery Battery The button 1 released after the measurement is completed The displayed value is retained momentarily to enable measurement in areas where the scale 1 not view able by the user This feature is an advantage when measuring high up low down behind or under fixed objects After release of the push button FD1 FD2 switches off automatically after about 2 seconds A correction factor of two times 2x the indicated display value is required when mea suring railways with a 16 2 3 Hz electrical supply This is due to the frequency charac teristic curve of FD1 3 3 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS Rev 1B FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Combinova Rev 1B Measurement of magnetic field direction 1 axis measurement The direction of the magnetic field is normally not of interest FD1 FD2 has 3 axis design which means that FD1 FD2 will always measure the correct magnetic field value without the need for any special orientation of the instrument This system is called direction independent measurement Under certain circumstances it can be of interest to know the direction of the magnetic field For example in technical development of a low radiation
7. product or when field reduction measures are planned To implement this the FD1 FD2 can be put into a 1 axis measurement mode by setting the change over switch hidden under the battery cover Remove the battery cover and change the switch with a pencil or the contact pin on the ground reference cable through the small aperture in the upper side of the instrument case Set the switch to its right side position for 1 axis measurements Switch located in this aperture The B indicator will blink in this measurement modeand all measurement will only be made in the Y axis direction NOTE Do not forget to return the switch to 3 axis normal mode after 1 axis measurement OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 3 4 Combinova FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL 3 3 Electric Field Measurement The position independent nature of magnetic field measurements is not valid when it comes to measuring electric fields The electric field antenna is situated at the very top of the instrument and the measurement direction is forwards The instruments should be pointed at the object you want to measure To make accurate measurements point the FD1 FD2 towards the field source and make sure that there is no obstructing object such as a person a hand or any other conductive object between the field source and the instrument antenna Electric field measurements are made relative to some reference potential and this is also true
8. with FD1 FD2 An automatic connection to the user is made through the conductive push button when the instrument is activated The user thus becomes the reference potential for electrical field measurements This is eguivalent to the situation of a person being exposed to the measured field and is sufficient for most purposes See next part Electrical field measurement with ground reference external lead for directions about making measurements with true ground reference With FD1 FD2 in the desired position depress and hold the right side push button The indicator E is lit and a few seconds later the indicator on the display will show the current electric field value ER o E E Field indicator is lit during E A 1000 219 mE electric field measurements 60 gt 58 8 s 3 The E scale to the right has _ lange from 4 V m to if Bas 10 kV m for FD1 and from 0 4 V m to 1000 V m for FD2 4 400 300 The indicator that is lit V m oO corresponds to an electric field m Cm of 60 V m 400 40 300 30 PREA 2 Two adjacent indicators lit if MM A A 150 ES 1 the electric field is in between eu the values on the scale The oe example shows a value of 0 7 FIELD DETECTOR 1 Vim FIELD DETECTOR 2 Battery Battery 3 5 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS Rev 1B FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Combinova Rev 1B The push button is
9. 0 Hz For railway supply of 16 7 Hz basic frequency the measurement values are attenuated to around 50 and results should be multiplied by 2 The magnetic field measurement coils are significantly smaller than the ones defined for VDT measurements by different standards In a homogeneous field this has no influence on the measurement result In a very unhomogeneous field close to appliances and VDTs there could be small differences At normal distances from a VDT the instruments will show a result that can be up to 2 3 lower than of an instrument with the standardized coil size The sensor for electric fields is significantly smaller than the standardized 300 mm disc used in larger instruments In the FD1 FD2 the effect of this difference in sensor size is compensated as far as possible to give the same readings as the standardized instruments at normal measurement distances from the field source In cases close to a very wide spread source the FD1 FD2 will give elevated results compared to a standardized instrument caused by the smaller size of the sensor TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION 4 2 combinova FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL 4 2 Electronics The electronics in the FD1 FD2 are divided into analog and digital parts The analog parts carry out the measurements while the digital parts carry out the control of instrument functions battery monitoring and display control Figure 4 1 shows the block diagrams of FD1 and figure 4 2 shows th
10. A measurement value should be indicated on the display Release the button and check the battery lamp in the bottom of the panel If the batteries are good the lamp should remain OFF until the rest of the lamps are switched off If the battery indicator is lit it is time to change both batteries Rev 1B 2 3 UNPACKING AND INSPECTION FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL combinova Rev 1B SENSORS for B and E field inside the cover Push button to measure ALTERNATING ELECTRIC FIELDS FRONT PANEL Push button to measure ALTERNATING MAGNETIC FIELDS BATTERY INDICATOR BATTERY COVER Fig 2 2 Field Detector FD1 FD2 UNPACKING AND INSPECTION 2 4 combinova FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Blank page Rev 1B 2 5 UNPACKING AND INSPECTION FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Combinova Rev 1B Section 3 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS Page 3 1 Functional Description 3 2 3 2 Magnetic Field Measurement 3 and 1 axis 3 3 3 3 Electric Field Measurement 3 5 3 4 Maximum Display Indication 3 7 3 5 Upper Measurement Range 3 7 3 6 Lower Measurement Range 3 8 3 7 Batteries 3 8 3 8 Indicator Test 3 8 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 3 0 Combinova FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Blank page Rev 1B 3 1 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Combinova Rev 1B 3 1 Functional Description FD1 FD2 is intended for use in measurement of alternating electrical and magnetic fields emitted by electrical installations and all types of el
11. FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Combinova Rev 1B FIELD DETECTOR FD1 FD2 User Manual The Field Detector 1 and Field Detector 2 are professional handheld instruments to measure extremely low frequency FD1 and very low frequency FD2 magnetic and electric fields To make best use of the instruments we recommend that you read this manual carefully combinova FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Blank page Rev 1B FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL combinova Section 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 Section 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 Section 3 Section 4 4 1 4 2 Section 5 Rev 1B 5 1 5 2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION About this Manual Magnetic Fields in the Environment Electric Fields in the Environment The Instrument Using the FD1 FD2 Combinova The Company Behind the Product UNPACKING AND INSPECTION Unpacking Inspection Checking the battery OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS Functional Description Magnetic Field Measurement 3 and 1 axis Electric Field Measurement Maximum Display Indication Upper Measurement Range Lower Measurement Range Batteries Indicator Test TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION Measurement Principle Electronics SPECIFICATIONS FD1 specifications FD2 specifications WARRANTY FORM 4 2 4 3 5 1 5 2 CONTENTS combinova FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Blank page Rev 1B CONTENTS FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Combinova Rev 1B 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 Section 1
12. Height 35 Weight 290 including batteries Operating temperature 10 to 40 Individual data given in the technical data are subject to change without prior written notice Specifications are given at the ambient temperature Tamb 23 5 degrees centigrade 5 1 SPECIFICATIONS Rev 1B FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL combinova Rev 1B 5 2 FD2 SPECIFICATIONS Magnetic fields Measurement range Min value Max value Electric fields Measurement range Min value Max value 4 nT 10 uT RMS lt 2 5 nT 4 nT indicator blinking gt 10 5 pT 10 pT indicator blinking 0 4 V m 1000 V m RMS lt 0 25 V m 0 4 V m indicator blinking gt 1050 V m 1000 V m indicator blinking Magnetic and Electric fields Frequency response Uncertainty Temperature coefficient Display resolution Display type Batteries Dimensions Operating temperature 2 kHz 400 kHz 3dB 15 18 28 1 C at temperatures outside 18 28 4 12 logarithmic scale 32 light emitting diodes LED s Two R6 AA size 1 5 V alkaline batteries with operating time of 10 hours in normal use Length 205 mm Width 70mm Height 35 mm Weight 290 g including batteries 10 C to 40 C Individual data given in the technical data are subject to change without prior written notice Specifications are given at the ambient temperature Tamb 23 5 degrees centigrade
13. SPECIFICATIONS combinova FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Blank page Rev 1B 5 3 SPECIFICATIONS FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Combinova Rev 1B WARRANTY CARD copy FD1 FD2 Customer Customer address Delivery date 20 Warranty period 20 20 Serial number The warranty includes material and labor costs for service and repair A condition for the warranty to be valid is that a correctly filled in copy of the warranty form is sent to Combinova Marketing AB If service is required the instrument should be sent to COMBINOVA AB Domkraftsv gen 1 197 40 Bro SWEDEN NOTE On return shipping documents it must be stated that the instrument is of Swedish origin and returned for repair service Cost for freight customs duty etc are not included in warranty and will be invoiced separately Bro 20 COMBINOVA AB Combinova FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Blank page Rev 1B FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Combinova Rev 1B WARRANTY CARD FD1 FD2 Customer Customer address Delivery date 20 Warranty period 20 20 Serial number The warranty includes material and labor costs for service and repair A condition for the warranty to be valid is that a correctly filled in copy of the warranty form is sent to Combinova Marketing AB If service is required the instrument should be sent to COMBINOVA AB Domkraftsv gen 1 S 197 40 Bro SWEDEN NOTE On return shipping documents it must be st
14. actor is 10 mG 1 uT Magnetic fields from power lines are directly related to the phase current Seasonal and daily variations are caused by different power consumption demands Close to the power line the magnetic flux can reach a maximum of 10 30 uT but decreases to less than 1 uT at distances of 50 to 200 meters Magnetic fields at home and in our working environment are caused both by internal and external sources Typical external sources are power line and power distribution substations close to buildings while even water pipes when carrying unbalanced neutral currents create significant magnetic fields Internal sources are a large variety of electrical eguipment and installation wiring The usual electrical eguipment found at home or in the office generates magnetic fields with dipole characteristics The field strength decreases rapidly with distance Close to the source the field strength can be as high as 10 uT but this decreases to a background level at only one meters distance In general the background magnetic fields should be less than 0 1 uT but in certain cases it can be as large as 1 3 uT 1 3 INTRODUCTION Rev 1B FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Combinova Rev 1B 1 3 Electric Fields in the Environment Electric fields are present almost everywhere in connection to our use of alternating electric power The electric fields in our environment and the problems they can cause has led to increasing demands to examin
15. ated that the instrument is of Swedish origin and returned for repair service Cost for freight customs duty etc are not included in warranty and will be invoiced separately Bro 20 COMBINOVA AB Combinova FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Blank page Rev 1B
16. ct your dealer Important Complete the warranty form and return a copy to Combinova The warranty is only valid when the warranty form has been completed and received by Combinova Before using the instrument read this manual carefully as described in Section 1 1 About This Manual UNPACKING AND INSPECTION 2 2 combinova FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL 2 2 Inspection 2 3 Inspect the FD1 FD2 and the accessories supplied for any sign of damage Before the FD1 FD2 can be used two fresh R6 AA size 1 5 volt alkaline batteries must be inserted in the instrument Remove the battery cover and insert the batteries as indicated in the bottom of the battery compartment After inserting the batteries and replacing the cover test the display by pressing both the Magnetic B Field and Electric E Field buttons see Fig 2 2 The instrument should respond by illuminating each lamp in sequence on the front panel If the instrument does not respond check that the batteries are correctly inserted and are completely fresh If the battery guality is unknown please use new batteries from an unopened package If after verifying the correct battery insertion and freshness and the instrument still does not respond please contact your dealer Checking the Battery This procedure is fully described in Section 3 Operating Instructions Depress any one ofthe B Field or E Field buttons
17. e and reduce them to minimize our daily exposure This concern is the background for the development of FD1 and FD2 as tools to identify and measure different alternating electric field sources The instruments can also be used to verify that measures to reduce the fields are effectively implemented The strongest electric fields in our environment comes from high voltage power lines Other sources are found close to electrical eguipment and appliances both at home and in our work place The electric field strength from a power line is directly proportional to the applied voltage The electric field strength decreases with distance and are effectively reduced if conductive objects are situated in between the power line and the measurement position Indoors the electric field from an outside power line is normally reduced to very low levels by the walls and roof of the building The electric field directly underneath a high voltage power line can be between 3 10 kV m The electric field at distances between 50 to 200 meters is reduced to around 100 V m Normal electric appliances will cause electric fields unless they have a conductive enclosure connected to protective ground in the power outlet The electric field close to appliances with non conductive enclosures could be 100 200 V m and at distances of 2 3 meters it has decreased to 10 30 V m Due to the amount of different appliances and wiring we have at home and in offices the backgrou
18. e block diagrams of FD2 The analog parts of the FD1 FD2 have the following main functions Integrator stages FD1 has three pole low pass filters with a cut off frequency of 2000 Hz FD2 has three pole low pass filters with a cut off frequency of 400 kHz FD1 has six pole high pass filters with a cut off frequency of 20 Hz FD2 has six pole high pass filters with a cut off frequency of 2 kHz Full wave rectifiers Linear to logarithmic converters A power supply for converting the 3 volt battery voltage to the 5 volts required by the electronics The digital parts of the FD1 FD2 have the following main functions A Motorola 68HC11 micro processor with an on chip A D converter An 8 kbytes EEPROM memory for storage of software and correction factors This enables the instrument to have software updates on site without having to replace sensitive electronic components A multiplexer driven 32 LED display Battery voltage monitor Operator controls Rev 1B TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL combinova E se E s EL X Bandpass Integration Amplification filtering Compression Bargraph gt AS LED display A D conversion Microprocessor A H 2 H gt X 68HC11 gt E 2 D a H a E ay a TC Bz Jj Preamplifier 4 Multiplexer
19. ectronic eguipment FD1 measures in the ELF Extremely Low Freguency range which is 20 2000 Hz and FD2 measures in the VLF Very Low Freguency range Which is 2 400 kHz Visual display terminals VDT s can be measured according to MPR 1990 In band using the FD1 and in band II using the FD2 Z axis Measurement directions Y axis Magnetic field is normally measured using three axis X axis X Y Z Electric field is measured in the forward direction Z Push button for electric field Measuring mode indicators Battery indicator Figure 3 1 FD1 FD2 with controls indicators and antenna orientations OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 3 2 Combinova FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL 3 2 Magnetic Field Measurement FD1 FD2 measures magnetic fields using three coils in orthogonal directions This means that the measurement result is independent of the instrument orientation For correct measurement distance keep in mind that the antenna centers are situated in the cylindrical front part of the instrument With FD1 FD2 in the desired position depress and hold the left side push button The indicator is lit and a few seconds later the display will show the current magnetic field B Field indicator is lit during B E magnetic field measurements PS so es 4 400 The indicator that is lit corre pT 300 sponds to a magnetic field of 15 gt Ln 400 nT 800 a 600 60 The scale on the
20. gin with Section 1 Introduction that will give an introduction to the subject of field measurements together with a brief introduction of the FD1 FD2 and its use Move on to Section 2 Unpacking and inspection continuing with Section 3 Operating instructions that will give you consise instructions for using the instrument INTRODUCTION 1 2 Combinova Combinova FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL 1 2 Magnetic Fields in the Environment Increasing use of electrical eguipment has resulted in increased exposure to low freguency magnetic and electric fields In recent years this has led to concern that a health hazard could arise from these low frequency fields Strong magnetic fields can also cause electrical interference problems for example disturbance of CRT type displays from external magnetic fields The largest magnetic fields are found around power transmission lines and power supply installations Electrical eguipment in the home and working environments generate comparatively strong magnetic fields The presence of such magnetic fields in the environment is beginning to cause concern and has led to demands for action to decrease these fields This has led to the development of the FD1 witch can be used to easily and guickly identify the source of magnetic fields so that appropriate action can be taken Magnetic flux is measured in Tesla or in some countries in Gauss In this manual we will use Tesla The conversion f
21. injuries OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 3 6 Combinova FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL 3 4 Maximum Value Indication 3 5 The scale will be continuously updated whilst the push button is depressed If the field varies or FD1 FD2 is moved to a new position then the illuminated indicator s will move up or down the scale in accordance with the changing value When the value moves downwards the FD1 FD2 will remember the highest value This will be indicated by blinking the corresponding indicator E Maximum value measured after pressing 210 start button This indicator will be blinking E kvm Current measurement value 2 15 y 800 y the measured value returns to the same value the indicator will change from blinking to fixed The maximum value can be reset by releasing and depressing the push button during the measurement Upper Measurement Range The maximum measurement values of FD1 are 100 uT for magnetic fields and 10 kV m for electric fields Corresponding values of FD2 are 10 uT for magnetic fields and 1000 V m for electric fields This covers most normally occurring situations Higher values are obtainable in the close vicinity of electrical apparatus containing transformers or motors or high voltage power lines or installations The field diminishes quickly which means that measurement values obtained at a normal distance fall within the working range of the instruments The highe
22. nd electric field 1 very often around 20 30 V m In most cases it is rather simple to reduce the electric fields to very low levels by using wiring with a conductive screen and using grounded equipment with conductive enclosures INTRODUCTION 1 4 Combinova FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Fig 1 1 Field Detector FD1 FD2 Rev 1B INTRODUCTION FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Combinova Rev 1B 1 4 The instrument Fig 1 1 The FD1 FD2 is a compact portable handheld and environmentally protected instrument for measuring low freguency magnetic and electric fields For field detection and measurements it offers the following features e Orthogonal coils which means that magnetic fields are measured independent of field direction e frequency range for FD1 of 20 Hz to 2000 Hz for extremely low frequency magnetic and electric fields e frequency range for FD2 of 2 kHz to 400 kHz for very low frequency magnetic and electric fields e wide dynamic range for FD1 of 40 nT to 100 uT for magnetic fields and 4 V m to 10 kV m for electric fields A wide dynamic range for FD2 of 4 nT to 10 uT for magnetic fields and 0 4 V m to 1000 V m for electric fields True RMS measurements Large easy to read LED bar graph display For the operator in the field the designed portability of the FD1 FD2 means that the instrument is entirely self contained These features are Powered by two R6 AA size 1 5 volt batte
23. released after the measurement is completed The displayed value is retained momentarily to enable measurement in areas where the scale is not viewable by the user This feature is an advantage when measuring high up low down behind or under fixed objects Releasing the button FD1 FD2 switches itself off automatically after 2 seconds Electrical field measurement with ground reference external lead A ground reference lead can be connected to FD1 FD2 if it is required to measure electrical alternating fields under controlled conditions A special lead 3 m long with a ground clip is supplied with the instrument The instruments will then measure alternating electric fields with a true ground reference The ground lead is connected to FD1 FD2 by inserting the connecting plug through the hole in the left side of the battery cover The battery cover has no up or down side so if there is no hole in the left side remove the battery cover turn it over to get the hole on the left side and replace it The lead clip is then connected to a suitable ground earth in the vicinity For example a metal connector on the rear of a grounded electrical apparatus computer etc or to protective ground Ground cable connection point WARNING Be careful when the ground reference cable is connected the ground clip touches the live terminal the instrument will be connected to the power voltage with consequential risks for personal
24. ries e A soft leather holster for safe carrying of the instrument e A cable for making earth referenced measurements of electrical fields The instruments has features despitem its compactness that are made possible by use of surface mounted electronics together with highly optimized mathematics in the micro computer In short the instrument should provide years of trouble free operation INTRODUCTION 1 6 Combinova FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL 1 5 Using the FD1 FD2 The FD1 FD2 has been designed to be easy to use in the field The two buttons and a large LED bar graph display allows the instrument to easily used in almost any measurement situation To start the instrument simply press the left side button for magnetic field measurements or the right side button for electric field measurements Move around and watch the thermometer type display indicate the varying fields in the environment The display has a peak hold function that indicates the value of the largest field measured after pressing the start button Reset the peak value simply by releasing and pressing the start button again to initiate a new measurement session The display also has a value hold function that makes it possible to measure in places where the display is not visible such as overhead and behind corners Just press the start button and move the instrument to the desired measurement spot Release the start button without moving the inst
25. rument The measured result at the release of the start button will be held for a few seconds enough time to bring back the instrument and check the value on the display Refer to Section 3 Operating instructions for a complete description of the instruments features A technical description of the FD1 FD2 is given in Section 4 1 7 INTRODUCTION Rev 1B FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Combinova Rev 1B 1 6 Combinova The Company behind the Product The FD1 FD2 has been developed by Combinova AB who are also responsible for the manufacture marketing and after sales service of the instrument Field measurement products from Combinova are Standard MPR instruments e MFM1000 Magnetic Field Meter for the VLF 2 400 kHz range e MFM10 Magnetic Field Meter for the ELF 5 2000 Hz range e MFM1020 Automatic VDT magnetic field measurement system gt EFM 200 Electrostatic fields and alternating electrical fields measurement system in the ELF 5 2000 Hz and VLF 2 400 kHz range e EFM100 Alternating electric fields in the ELF 5 2000 Hz and VLF 2 400 kHz ranges Field detectors FD1 Field Detector to measure magnetic and electric fields 20 2000 Hz s FD2 Field Detector to measure magnetic and electric fields 2 400 kHz e FD3 Field Dosimeter System for magnetic fields 20 2000 Hz Combinova works with Swedish and international industrial clients in the area of broad technical development
26. st value indicator will blink when measured values exceed 105 uT or 10 5 kV m for FD1 and 10 5 uT or 1050 V m for FD2 If the measured value drops slowly from overage to 100 uT or 10 kV m for FD1 and 10 uT 1000 V m for FD2 then the indicator will stop blinking and then start blinking again when the value falls below 100 uT 10 kV m for FD1 and 10 uT or 1000 V m for FD2 indicating the maximum registered value Rev 1B 3 7 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS FD1 FD2 USER MANUAL Rev 1B 3 6 Lower Measurement Range 3 7 3 8 The lowest value on the scale for magnetic fields is 40 nT for FD1 and 4 nT for FD2 which is indicated by a fixed display from the corresponding indicator The instruments can however indicate even lower values Values below 25 nT for FD1 and 2 5 nT for FD2 are indicated with a blinking lowest indicator on the scale Magnetic fields around 25 40 nT are to be considered as very low values in normal work and home environments Such values are normally only obtained far away from electrical power distribution installations or other electrical equipment The lowest value on the scale for electric fields is 4 V m for FD1 and 0 4 V m for FD2 which is indicated by a fixed display from the corresponding indicator The instruments can indicate even lower values Values below 2 5 V m for FD1 and 0 25 V m for FD2 are indicated with a blinking lowest indicator on the scale This can be demonstrated by holding the hand in

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