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Lunar Discoverer User Manual
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1. z 4 12 PM Moon Map USGS ColorR eliet Map oon Map Premian Show Terminator Update every 120 minutes Show Terminator Update every minutes Rotate Moon to Match Sky or 0 0 d Egres H Rotate Moon to Match Sky or 0 0 degrees Cancel Cancel Microsoft Windows Apple OS X Gridlines This allows you to control the display of latitude and longitude grid lines Check the box to see them displayed on the Moon Typically a grid of 15 degrees is useful Multiples of 5 or 10 degrees are common 5 10 15 30 degrees typically The color of the lines is changed by clicking on the box to the right labeled Color in the Microsoft Windows version the Macintosh shows the current color You may then select from a color palette Check the Label check box to show the latitude and longitude degree values on the map Use Degree minutes seconds format Angular measurements and time may be displayed in either decimal format 12 6 degrees or as degrees minutes and seconds 12 degrees 30 minutes 5 seconds Physical time is computed only to the nearest minute so seconds are not shown on times Use Modern naming Latin names have traditionally been used to name the Moon s features Checking this option allows more modern English naming to be used instead For example Mare Serentatis becomes Sea of Serenity when this is checked Detailed Calendar Deluxe edition The basic calendar shows when the
2. Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 19 of 57 Show Moon Photo Deluxe edition Found under Options Menu The standard setting is to show a photograph of the Moon This menu item may be used to turning this off This can be useful for printing and to study and learn the general position and shape of features if the size option is on in the Modify Showings panel Snapshot below Posidoriu O Copernicus Moon North Up This menu item selects whether the Moon s North is up as with a refractor binoculars or naked eye or inverted with South up as with Newtonian telescopes east is normally on the Right in this case However if your equipment requires it you can have North up and East to the Left by using the next menu option Moon East On Right This menu item controls whether the Moon s East is to the right side of the screen or the left side When North is up as with a refractor binoculars or naked eye the East is on the right side normally However if your astronomical equipment requires it you can have North up and East to the Left by using this menu option When inverted such that South is up as with Newtonian telescopes East is normally seen at the Left side of the screen and this is automatically set for you However if your equipment requires it you can set the display to have South up and East on the Right by using this menu option Metric This menu item selects between English or
3. Tallinn Estonia Tampa FL United States T snare ha Sic Latitude Longitude Time one 29 500 OOO E 28 016 1 82 452 E Microsoft Windows Apple OS X The cities are listed alphabetically by country first If your city is not located in the list you may enter your Latitude and Longitude in the fields provided This information can be easily obtained from the Internet using a Google search for latitude and zip The Time Zone is measured from Greenwich Mean Time if you are West of Greenwich England it is a positive number East is negative If your longitude is negative the time zone should be a positive number of hours if the longitude is positive the time zone hours will be negative Look for a nearby city if you are in doubt Daylight Savings Time is automatically used as read from your computer s internal clock Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 6 of 57 Quick Start In this section we discuss how to get the basics going so you can quickly start enjoying the program General Suggestions for Getting the Most from Lunar Discoverer Labeling Lunar Discoverer has completely customizable labeling of lunar features Use the Modify Showings menu to get to the window that allows you complete control over the many options Mouse Most modern computer mice have a second right button Lunar Discoverer allows using this in many windows as a convenient way to bring up options Scrolling is also available by thumbwheel
4. Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 48 of 57 History Deluxe edition Found under Windows Menu The History Window shows which features have been visited on a given session of running Lunar Discoverer Every time a feature is clicked on its name is added to the list This window can be helpful at the end of an observing session when you re writing up a personal log for an evening It lets you easily review the objects you ve looked at Lunar features having a close up image have a mark to the left of their name As each item is selected the lunar map will move to show that feature at the center of the screen and the Feature Information window will display that feature SURVEYOR 1 RHEINHOLD Rimae Plato A GASSENDI SEA OF MOISTURE SEA C EUCLID F COPERNICUS Microsoft Windows Apple OS X Using the Mouse To select a feature click on its name in the window The view will shift so that the object appears at the center of the screen Keyboard You can also use the up and down arrows on the keyboard to go through the list selecting the features Buttons The history can be sorted alphabetically or listed in the order you selected them on the Moon map This is controlled using the button at the top right of the window The button to the right of the list of viewed items allows toggling between the two An A indicates the list is sorted alphabetically and F indicates that the features are
5. Option Clicking Many extended features are accessed by holding down the option key while clicking this is the same as using the right mouse button on two button mice Try the option click or right mouse click in every window to access additional functionality Keyboard Use Your experience with Lunar Discoverer will be enhanced if you use the keyboard In particular you may always use the arrow keys as an alternative to using the mouse For example you can scroll the large lunar map in the main window using the arrow keys rather than using the mouse to click and drag it Use whichever method you prefer Many dialogs and windows allow typing one character to speed access through a list of items For example in a search typing a character will quickly take you to the first item that begins with that character Lunar Phases and the Terminator Lunar Discoverer allows for powerful customization of the lunar map Sometimes it is possible to get into confusing situations with the several options and their combinations If the map does not show what you expect with labels or the screen is black here are some quick things to check 1 Is the date near a new Moon Near the new Moon the Moon is mostly dark Check by opening the Calendar Window 2 If set to Phases and the date near a new Moon little of the Moon will be seen The Moon appears as a thin sliver or crescent for 1 2 days both before and after a new Moon Are Phases set to be shown
6. Wang Gibbous Sunday October 20 200 Flammaran T okbechmidt Harold Click on any day on the calendar to look for the features near the terminator that you want to study Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 52 of 57 Image Effects Deluxe edition Found under Windows Menu Currently available only on Microsoft Windows operating systems Use this window to adjust brightness and or contrast of the lunar map displayed in the main window This can be used to optimize the view of lunar surface map for various regions For example typically the limb is much brighter than the central portion of the Moon adjusting the map with these controls can help you see and identify features in an under or over exposed area such as the lunar limb The changes you make using this window are not saved between sessions of using Lunar Discoverer The window has a series of buttons for controlling the settings followed by an area below displaying the histogram for the entire lunar map Y Image Effects AE Buttons R Restore Sets the Moon map image back to the program s default photographic image after using any of the other buttons below S Sharpen Adds sharpening to the Moon image Can sometimes be used to good effect to see more details The amount to use is very subjective often it will also result in a more unnatural appearance Each time it is clicked the image is sharpened The perce
7. Windows Apple OS X The cities are listed alphabetically by country first If your city is not located in the list you may enter your Latitude and Longitude in the fields provided This information can be easily obtained from the Internet using a Google search for latitude and zip The Time Zone is measured from Greenwich Mean Time if you are West of Greenwich England it is a positive number East is negative If your longitude is negative the time zone should be a positive number of hours if the longitude is positive the time zone hours will be negative Look for a nearby city if you are in doubt Daylight Savings Time is automatically used as read from your computer s internal clock Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 33 of 57 Windows Menu Lunar Discoverer has many windows can be either shown or hidden you should choose to show or hide them depending on the types of information you are seeking Unless you have a very large screen you will probably just want to leave some of these windows closed depending on what you want to accomplish Seen below is a screen shot of the Windows menu which lists all the available windows that can be opened windows Help Windows Help Browser Ctrli B Browser HB Calendar Ctrl ek Calendar PK Clear view Chrl 4 Clear View 8 A Closeups Ctri J CloseUps dt Feature Information Ctrl I Feature Information 1 Eclipses Ctri E Eclipses dE Guide Chela Guide G History Ctrl H
8. drag the Moon map Option Click right mouse The default is to identify any feature on the Moon map regardless if it is labeled or not but it is possible to limit what is identified to only the labeled features by holding the option key down or using the right mouse to click This allows any feature clicked on to be identified Some object lie on top of each other and you may get a different object than expected If you only want information or pronunciation to be those of labeled features use the right mouse button to click on or near the object Double Click Double clicking in the Moon map window will select and lock the feature in the main Moon window If the feature information window is open the information will be shown and the close up window will display an alternate image of the feature if available Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 10 of 57 Using the Keyboard The main window displaying the Moon map responds to several keys The arrow keys can be used to move the map of the Moon around on the screen The space bar will instantly center a selected feature The s key is a shortcut that will say pronounce a selected feature this works regardless of the option to pronounce all features Using the key will move the terminator back in time to an earlier time the forward in time to a later time 4 key will advance the terminator The Menus You can use the pull down menus to cust
9. feature colors fonts etc Terminator window opened feature Information window opened Paste from clipboard Close front most window Cut selected text Your Telescope window opened Undo unused Zoom In magnify shift key use is not required i e key used Zoom Out Home position for Moon 1 1 Zoom Full Size Map best detail Regular Keyboard Use in Moon Window Space S Center selected feature speak say name of selected feature move the terminator back in time move the terminator forward in time Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 9 of 57 Detailed Manual The Main Window This window is where much of the action takes place Lunar Discoverer always shows at least the main window with a map of the entire Moon Closing this window is the same as quitting exiting the application The main window is the Moon Map window The main window shows the lunar features normally with a photographic image of the Moon although you can change this in the Preferences or use a menu option to not display the photo Status Bar At the bottom of the main window is a status area This shows the resolution and number of features that are labeled regardless of whether they are labeled by text or a mark or their size When phases are shown see Preferences the number of features seen is limited to those that are visible for that phase of the Moon The detail seen is shown for the various zoom levels for each map Usi
10. for which the Moon s features will be displayed click on that date on the calendar If phases are shown the terminator will be shown overlaid on the Moon photo If Auto set to Latitude is on the labeled features will be adjusted for the phase as seen on the selected date Changing Months You can easily go back a month by clicking in the calendar window itself on a day square before the first day of the month to the left of it To go forward a month clicking on a square after the last day of the month to the right Specific Dates To change the date to a month or year other than the current displayed calendar use the Preferences dialog in the Options menu This contains a field that allows you to enter any desired date When changed the program will automatically go to that date To quickly return to the current date and time use the Set Date to Now menu under the Options menu Using the Keyboard You can also use the arrow keys to navigate through days in the calendar The right arrow takes you forward one day the left arrow takes you back a day Going past the first or last day of the month will cause the month to change When Phases are selected for the Lunar Map the photograph with the nearest appropriate phase is automatically loaded and displayed Using the right arrow key to pass the last day of the month will advance you to the next month using the left arrow key to pass the first day of the month will take you to the previ
11. librations of the Moon the Moon map image and the terminator as seen in the program is only approximate on a given date You can adjust the exact position to better match what you see in the telescope by using the Set Date and Time option in the Preferences Adjust the time field in the Preferences window and when the Show Terminator is checked you can observe how the terminator moves You can adjust the time to get the terminator to line up very closely to what you actually observe It will automatically move through the night to stay in synch with the Moon at the time interval you specify in the preferences The terminator is seen as a line drawn in red Quick Keys Summary Keyboard Shortcuts Below is an alphabetical list of all the shortcut keys along with a brief description For Microsoft Windows use the Ctrl key with the following key to invoke the desired shortcut For Apple OSX use the Apple key with the key below HC Ne A O COZ eA Oto aS Clear view window opened Browser window opened Copy to clipboard Moon Phase Details window opened Eclipse window opened Find window opened Guide window opened History of a viewing session features selected Feature Information window opened Close up window opened Calendar window opened Log window opened Modify Showings window opened New no features labeled shown Open a presets file of labeled settings Print a Moon map Quit the application Save a presets file of the labeled
12. on it to select it and click on the Find button Search Entire Catalog You can search the entire catalog of features rather than from just those displayed by checking this box Entering a Name As you type the list will scroll to help you to locate the correct name or spelling It is not necessary to spell the name perfectly or completely which can be difficult it will try to find what you want from just a few letters even those from the middle of a name For example typing ernic without having the Exact Match checked will find Copernicus as ernic appears in that feature s name In the window below Plato is highlighted and selected after typing Plat even before the last letter is typed as smart searching is used Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 17 of 57 Fealur Type ratero a Search v Search Entire Catalog Enact Match Plat Pikiecue E lPilizcus F Pitscus G Pitiscus E Filius A Pitiseus 5 Piliscours We Plane Alana C bal llems shown 3748 Zoom in lv Center Carcel Exact Match If you are confident of your spelling and the wrong object is located select the Exact Match check box option Center To have the program automatically center the object on the screen check the Center check box Zoom To have it zoom in when going to the object select the check box marked Zoom Edit Menu Continued Find Nearest This menu item finds the
13. quarterly phases occur and shows a picture of the phases of the moon in the area above the calendar see The detailed calendar draws the phase in each day of the month in the calendar and labels the age of the Moon for each day Live Identification When this option is selected the computer tracks the mouse and the feature beneath the cursor is instantly identified in the Feature Info window A close up of the feature is also shown in the Close up Window when that window is open Additionally the Clear View windows will display the lunar map without labels and track the mouse as you move it Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 26 of 57 Live Identification allows you to lock onto a feature by simply clicking on it Clicking on the same feature a second time turns off the locking and puts you back in live identification mode again Auto Save on Quit When this option is checked all settings are automatically saved when you quit the program including window positions colors and all other options If you change any settings and this is not checked you will be asked if you want to save the settings Most users prefer the convenience of working with the auto save Pronounce Features When this checkbox is selected Lunar Discoverer will pronounce each feature as it is selected by clicking on the feature or searching for a feature This is not available for every feature but is available for well over a thousand lunar object
14. 1 2 45 per inch True FOV 0 12 degrees 7 5 min Eyepiece Field of View 35 0 degrees Focal Length 25 0 mm Barlow Lens 1 0 X Magnification 65 0 8x per inch True FOV 0 54 degrees 32 3 min Calculate Cancel Microsoft Windows Apple OS X Show Eyepiece FOV on Moon Cancel Calculate C ox In the example above English units are used for the telescope but by checking the Metrics Units box you can enter metric measurements instead Eyepiece focal lengths are universally given in metric units Refer to the eyepiece specifications that came with the telescope to find the eyepiece True Field of View The top section is where you enter your telescope specifics You must enter the diameter of the main lens or mirror The line below that allows you to enter either the focal length of the telescope or the f number Use whichever is known The f number is often printed on the edge of the lens if not there check your telescope manual or use the focal length Below the telescope section is the eyepiece panel where you supply information on the eyepiece you are viewing with Two items must be supplied to calculate power and view the True field of view and the eyepiece focal length Both are available from the eyepiece manufacturer You may also try searching the web for your eyepiece and FOV there are too many to list here and the specifications of a manufacturer s eyepieces change so it is best to check your owner
15. 1010 PM z 10 di A yi Distance 251 959 miles h Dismeter 0 49 Apogee 0ct19 9036 AM 252 321 miles Perigee Oct 208 PM 222 083 miles New lMibon r Fn Sep 22 2006 Fist Quarter tent line 105 ULE tl Muerter waty June 10 200 Sel Sep 30 2006 Es Full Moon Sat Det 7 2006 Thon Quarter Y Sat Oct 14 2006 a New Moan Sun Get 22 2006 Microsoft Windows Apple OS X LL LIL Third Quarter e 3 Da EAn ET fresca Jue 6 00 All of this information is updated throughout the day at the intervals specified in the Preferences window As a window with text the Phase Details window may have its color and text style set by right mouse clicking or option clicking in the window The window may also be resized Its position and size are remembered when it is closed so that it will appear in the same location when next opened or when the program is resumed at a later date Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 50 of 57 Terminator List Found under Windows Menu The list of objects that will appear at the Moon s terminator for the current date are shown in the Terminator List window This list is created and updated regardless of whether the phase is set to be shown on the Moon map of the main window pCO ey Terminator List AS AA 57 features PT 62 foahures _ Poncelet Anaximander Harpalus amp Louville Da Nielsen Cleopatra Fissure Ger
16. 49 BUtONS 2 a Y SS AS IA A A ot de debe A A ai 49 SI AAA A A N eIRE ROR aD EMTS A ORT ATA RAE ON 50 TOMOS Errar 51 image LeS DEUX CUORE A A 53 BUNOS a a E E A 53 NAG T A 53 So MAP A A ERA AA E E E AAA a 53 FE TUS AA ASA A 53 A A o 53 Es Equal ica rd eden 53 WE 1 ARES Oss sce ste asclontactbat st centaa ac tata SA tietanintdeubctissehtebaa titties doh cnnldtedbateiushibnans deieinadtcninseeldchseseuicniased 53 B ds A E RO 53 E COM dd to o teenies 54 TO OO A ae eases a eps ed mccain undue ascend acted E oa eet be eaten ad tence eae 55 BUHONS A O A AA A A AAA AAA AS NAAA an 55 E enai a CP EE Un O teeta eset O A O A II Maton anata ut tad Mean ee het dilata ts 55 M Meast e sacle icas hace a E E A A inane Gases asia a nae t Noche E A E aananas ontunssastaseses 55 A vere tec rn irre VOM enone nen PSE Pr Cty Fen nnn feo N E one et RR PY ST Ota eater Oe OTE CTY ee Ore 55 s SOO TINO Us ss opsnanac oncnssesnencisaimesaaaen see ia un aeenaeioo E Aa 55 C ESPA RAS AAA AA AAA aa 39 E A E E IA 55 MEAN OV UEC Soa an A O a 56 BUOI a a a N 56 OC 56 Di a ah MARIN Ra anda trea dah E 56 FINISHING A A RO 57 CONTACTING US icons 57 Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 5 of 57 First Things First The very first time you start Lunar Discoverer you will be asked to type in your name and registration key Following that you will be asked to specify your location Immediately after that you are ready to begin enjoying
17. Check the Preferences Options menu 4 Is the Auto Longitude option on Only features seen at the current phase are labeled when this option is on Is the Moon map set for Phases or the full Moon If Phases are being used then you might only see a sliver if the phase is near the new Moon note on the new Moon date a full Moon is substituted for the map 6 If the screen appears all black it may be that the Moon map is zoomed in while using a phase photograph as the Moon map Try zooming out command and then dragging the Moon back into view on the screen or use the arrow keys You may also simply do a search for a feature and use the center option to bring the Moon into the view of the screen If those do not help you may also change the map used see the Preferences Options menu You can then change back to the previous map and it should be reset to the default position Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 7 of 57 Font Selection Many windows display text and you may change the text to use whatever font style color and size you prefer When you option click on a text window a dialog appears which allows you to specify how the text appears Font Kax Font f l For de Sine Foe Nave Foran Regis 2 Cio a A O Tmes Hew Floman y 1a ro E lit ME oT he Tung Bole Mos B O vana k Text Style E Webdings ia O Winging dl ba p Font Apple Chancery Hd E itects Sagie Shk
18. E MEA BT REE i be del Longude MESA a mo T Auto Seals bea i ar mi Fesina Sie baias cl E Sates habita sas oe cee ope Coo Coie CARR Mus 03 Met 229 E Greer 140 Calci bis Dels Microsoft Windows Things to Try To see the effect of the various buttons without committing to a change and losing the settings used before the dialog was opened use the Apply button Using the Cancel button will restore the appearance regardless of the changes you may have applied clicking the OK will keep the appearance unchanged Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 25 of 57 Preferences Found under Options Menu This menu allows you to change settings that affect the overall appearance of the Moon Some of the items controlled by this menu include the displayed date naming conventions and the lunar map image used see figures below Preferences Preferences oe al Gridlines every 15 degrees v Label i Gridlnes every 30 degrees Color W Label a E l Eil Use degree minutes seconds format W Use degree minute seconds format l _ Use Modern Naming vi Detailed Calendar Use Modern Naming Detailed Calendar SO vi Live Identification Eil Auto Save on Quit i Live Identification i Auto Save on Quit Eil Pronounce Features k Pronounce Features Read Text using Agnes WH Set Date and Time 72 942009 4200 AM Set Date 7 22 2009
19. EEA OECS A E ETELE Oa a stile bt 15 EDIT MENU ai A A A AA cuand 16 TA AAA A A TENE eT TAE 16 A A A A a 16 COD E N T ER tin 16 E I VE NESA E VOA NENEA VE IE AVEA E VEAIS PE OBE SOV A A A ENA VE EOE AIEO E 16 Find acca picks eleva os arcsec ON 16 See EENE CAOS N EN 17 ENCON ME MAA A AA A A A ES 17 EXC EMI a e A A EE Sesa 18 o E RR 18 TOO a O RN 18 CE GUI CI CONTINUE Voia a a a IS O ER 18 A AT 18 WOM OU CS A O a ia cca each anions tat 18 OPTIONS MENTA E a 19 LOMO AS E E A O a e e e lec e da 19 LOW IU Ss Rca Bia as a a a a i a tt Late in ok iia ios 19 LOOC OU AA AS We ote E eae Ce ote ibid id 19 UE SU CC A A A ate ese ta acct a scat alae acctee seeds es 19 SHOW MOON Fhoto Deluxe Cea A A a 20 VEO OVE IN OUT DN alegre ata ion eae tee in ened oceans 20 Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 3 of 57 MOE GSU OM ARI OI A AA AAA acs aun AAA AA AAA E aa AS 20 A det ted tity Sa tetas diet iet tsdatll tuck ia pec luadaG itt tata ale tate seceesti htt h 20 Moa P SOW NOS et 21 SIZE OL ISdtUTES ana e anan a a O a a A licto 21 Name LA RRA 22 IO CACO iO Mea AI a boar abit hahaa Wi ahaa pa naasna baa E a manatee a 22 PAULO Scale AAA EE AA AAA AAA AA AA 22 Us Del AA AE AAA AE AA 22 Feature Attributes Arce of Modify HO WISE A A isons 23 Show Feature 5128 Deluxe Cdi On aene A A A A caida 23 O oa 23 A A E O E 24 FOSO O RA 24 o PR RR RR 24 SN A TEE AEE ETA TARER OI AT AAAA seu O O A II asutielaliutett 24 A dsb ut obustonsuai
20. History de H Phase Details Ctrl D Phase Details HD Terminator List Ctrl T Terminator List de Toolbar Toolbar Image Effects Favorites Favorites Microsoft Windows Apple OS X This section will give by detailed descriptions of how to use each of the windows Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 34 of 57 Browser Deluxe edition Found under Windows Menu This window is used to browse through or search through the thousands of close up detailed images for features on the Moon Snapshots of this window for each of the computer platforms are shown below ME ee ee CE e IA A Apple OS X Microsoft Windows Check boxes Full draws the photograph full size 1 1 Some images are very highly magnified and using this option allows you to see them in maximum detail They may not be entirely seen if the Browser window is not large enough to display them full size To see the entire image use the mouse to resize the Browser window or use the Resize check box see below When the Full check box is off the image is scaled to fit in the window Enlarging the window will scale the image up appropriately A green border around the image is shown when it is at full resolution 1 1 pixel A red border indicates you are scaling the image up to fit the window that is magnifying it which causes pixilation A blue border indicates the image has been scaled down shrunk in size to fit in the window and may be enlarged
21. IEA dE E RETA ES AA RARA AAA A Aca 38 SAD T es epee centromere ne A A et REET E CoN SAE IDNR Eger TE aN A CER eC TSR AAE eT uae A E E Peng Ea ONT 38 Usne the Ke Dodd dis 38 A O A E T EE A o TO O nis sdnsuacauedeueet A mass EEES A O E 39 CLOSET VW OW Bed teeta A EE A iii 40 CUES o eS 42 Start Of the Ec Li dd lo 42 E a O 42 OU DL o PAC E OO O PE A OO O AEN EA E E O 43 A O cinta eae BBN mets lanioae Senainstlatvon A 43 CATCH IRA OCs oss E 43 Searc Ion A O A OE eae eae ATT TT 43 Total a isles RRE 43 BT etree see A II AEA A EN AE RE II A EAER EEN ETE EE 43 RESTE TI TOTANA OE 44 Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 4 of 57 Upper Panel Information oray Arc tada a A SS r i EER 44 Lower Pane intonation E caus Sin hae bun asteuc ona EOS 44 A NN 44 DMasniy Is Glass SAO Wi A nwa toneeeses 44 PP erence errr eer errer Tire reer ner hr Ureenn cri tee cet ne tre nce vine E ON ONR 45 Face Cono NOW aee a reeanery retntt eee menrer cr meres rier tt nic gr twetern a tt nner enters rere Oren ivi rer trem enr creme reenter 45 Usma Me O E A E abet tenectebascuctast sont T a 45 Crater LOO Bi SNC E e orca O 46 Sma NE MOS lada 46 A A O 47 NE NA 48 There is more information specific to each feature found in the Feature Information window when the crater icon button is SONO eaea e E O II II O A A 48 Histon Deluxe ed HOn sasi AE aA OEE ETO eA wed sd as Aad ocd oa a tases esas eds dA RL OES 49 Usine He MOUSSE A A A AA AAA ARAS 49 TSC las EE
22. Lise Defaults M Auo Scale test Catena Cramer Chain PEN Feature finbutes f Longlude Aulomalic Di use Simus Bays Craters Lacus Lawes op E Mons Montes Mountains Ta 5 OM abe ove ey Prometric Prominencest F Dorsa Dorsum Wrinkle Rdges Color Set Color TEF a Walls Valleys Rupes carpes e Label Limit to characte wrap text Rima Rime Rilies Fissures ti andinas Spacecraft Beiter Landing am C E j FDT Orhers Dawes Palus enci Set Font AL er hr AAA SS oer Style Pan A A A ne W Diaw aow ered Draw arrow ra 3D Text App Microsoft Windows Each type of customization is explained below To see the effect of the various buttons without committing to a change use the Apply button using the Cancel button will restore the appearance regardless of the changes you may have applied clicking OK will keep the appearance the same Show Feature Size Deluxe edition When this option is checked the shape and boundary of the feature on top of it will appear in the specified color It is almost essential to use this when the Moon photo is not shown It is perhaps most useful on craters Due to their small size it is of no practical use for landing sites By using the Apply button you can immediately view the effect of selecting this option Mark Center This option allows a feature to be marked with any of the symbols shown beneath the check box It can be a nice alternative to showing the fea
23. Lunar Discoverer Registering Enter your name Your name must be at least 4 letters in length Following that locate your registration key and type that in the box below your name Be sure to enter the dashes from the key they help you in reading the key After the key is entered click OK and if you typed your registration key correctly you can proceed You have 3 tries to get it correct then the program exits You may start Lunar Discoverer again and retry entering the key if you fail The key is case insensitive so you may use lowercase letters There are no numbers used in the key Register Register To Register To Registration Key Registration Code Enter Key Here bEanceid OK Problems Contact us at Problem email register astrohawk com reqister lunardiscoverer com Cancel Go there Microsoft Windows Apple OS X Setting Your Viewing Location After Registering with your key the next thing you are presented with is a window asking for your location This information is used to accurately calculate the rise and sets times of the Moon as well as the phase and other important information on the Moon as seen from your exact viewing location on earth You can change the location at any time in the future by using the menu option Location Viewing Location Set Your Viewing Location gt cksonville FL United States a T Bilisi Georgia Tabriz Iran Taegu Korea Republic of Taiyuan China Cancel
24. Lunar Discoverer e A Lunar Photographic Atlas And Encyclopedia User Manual Standard and Deluxe Editions Copyright 2008 2009 AstroHawk Corp All Rights Reserved Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 1 of 57 Welcome to Lunar Discoverer When Lunar Discoverer opens in default mode it displays the most popular features The software provides the user with a wide range of options to customize the display and to get the most out of the experience Unlike a book or printed atlas Lunar Discoverer allows the user to create and use custom dynamic and interactive lunar feature labels that change as the mouse points to different locations on the photographic Moon map Lunar Discoverer features several different Moon maps each showing different amounts of detail and shadowing The observer can select the most appropriate map to help feature identification during a particular study or observing session Additional features Point and click to bring up more information about a particular lunar location Zoom in on features of interest Create customized maps of features that can be saved for future reference Find the best night to observe a favorite feature Access details on lunar features including names size depths of craters heights of mountains and more Read the in depth database on famous people who have lunar features named after them Choose between English or Metric system display of measurements Search the c
25. Menu The Favorites window is used to very quickly change labels used over top of the Moon Map photo It is found under the Windows Menu The Favorites window shows a list of pre supplied and save settings that allow you to very quickly change labels used on the Moon map by simply clicking on one of the names in the list Samples are shown below 5 Favorites Sele 12 Sets Add Delete 2 _ Favorites 30mi Craters 13 Sets Add Catena Cool eee E E pr Default Sa Landings Mara Favorite name Mis Prom Interesting Rima Dorsa Vallis Landings angle Letter ID Mare sinus Mine eb Mts Prom Mbrani e Rima Dorsa Vallis Microsoft Windows Apple OS X This very powerful feature needs to be tried to be really appreciated Colors text size fonts all the parameters for every type of feature that is available in the Modify Showings dialog can instantly be saved and restored with just a single mouse click in this window Buttons Add This saves current settings with the name you supply itis an alternative to using the Save As menu item in the File menu Delete Allows removal of a favorite setting that is no longer wanted in the list Note To rename a list setting click on it to activate it then delete it and use the add button using a new name Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 56 of 57 Finishing Up Thank you for purchasing Lunar Discoverer If you have a
26. Metric system display of measurements These are used in reporting diameters heights depths and distances Lunar Discoverer automatically converts all units to the system of your choice Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 20 of 57 Modify Showings Found under Options Menu One of the most important features of maps is the means to control what is labeled With thousands of interesting features control over this massive amount of detail on the Moon s surface is necessary Lunar Discoverer provides quick and convenient means of controlling how thousands of features are identified Click on the menu to select Modify Showings and the following dialog box will appear where all of a feature s attributes can easily be set and previewed Show On Moon show Un Moon Limit Features Shown to Features which have ee ia 36 km le Se Greater than 5 n Size Less Than Em Size Less than A ES r MI Name in Range A ta z Hame in Range l to 2 gt M Lathede in A aT a M Latitude in Range 30 to ad abhude in Range de ARA iem p 5 e Longitude Automatic Or use 90 ta 90 i Longibude Automatic Or use Ey ta 30 Auto scale text Use Defaults Auto Scale best Use Defaults ee Feature Atinbutes ns Craters Show size Mark center ats Color ef Show habue see m Labelling Cok Set Color e ivf Label Limit to use characters wrap e La
27. Orbiter PhotoAtlasMoon images taken by the NASA Lunar Orbiter satellite mission LunarProbes images taken by the various lunar probes missions courtesy of NASA Various images taken from a variety of sources that do not fall into one of the above categories Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 36 of 57 Calendar Deluxe edition Found under Windows Menu There are two options for depicting the calendar detailed or standard At the bottom of the calendar window the phase name is show along with the date of the selected day The standard view looks like a conventional calendar with a photo above it and shows icons for just the major phases by Quarters along with the day of the month in the lower right corner for each day Standard Calendar The detailed calendar is shown below it shows an icon for the phase at the start of each day at just after midnight The age of the Moon is displayed in black text at top left of the moon icon aie Pod Clic ak T Detailed Calendar Use the Preferences dialog found under the Options menu to select which style of calendar you prefer As with all windows in Lunar Discoverer the calendar window can be resized according to your preference The font and color used for drawing the calendar can be set by option clicking on the calendar window or clicking with the right mouse Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 37 of 57 Changing the Date To select the date
28. SUGGESTIONS FOR GETTING THE MOST FROM LUNAR DISCOVERER ccccsecccecceccccsccecsccesccesccusccasccesccsccesscecsescesceesscusceusceusees 7 A ER R O k US ara aaea II A A II aan iameteneecedtoaases i UNE AAA A E UE o II e meni ta 7 KDO d U SO ias 7 Lim r Phases anda the Lei A A AAA A ds 7 Font SVC CLL ON a iia ALE ICC A a Sere vr rere een tee rere 8 WOK WT TILE LEMA O 9 Quick Keys Summary KReEVOOGIGSNOTICUIS ca 9 Regular Keyboard Use mM sc a sea shana at i a eae ese ears sien Oa 9 DETALLED MANUAL unn ceccsacesuedeuaseescacccaadensosas ease ceceacessanescaccouedocscaaeussasseuaceecceeucccouesaeaessaleusececesdessecaecaseseee 10 PESTA AN SUNT VV INI A A A A A II a sont ves 10 SAUDA RE OE CSREES CNP INST OR NOT o 10 UT SU the MOUSE tan 10 BN CI le gears eae nas aces teats rencedist aateon aaas Sana bees lana nny sate neasaaeee tein tears teneacaaaa E Me ian tate cn tence tees eee Mattes eae eae ee 10 Goi Cel ae 8 Jo Loser nner renee tet teres E caer nanan Sremeeh cert renee 10 Options Click fia NE MOUSE E A A da 10 POUDRE CU A A AE A A 10 ESTACA DO A A angus cae ue ae taa mgd hatgu le hcasasd eens eccatsu ll EAS IW LINAS AEE EEE A EAE AE itera SE E EAE E E N AENT EEEN ANE E EN AE AAN 11 AU Gk em ete Be ORD RR 12 E 12 ODEI senres 13 COSE ea la O aaa a aaa a A A II A O A O 14 A E E ORO 14 ROY 2A AN A A RT 14 Prnt Penre EAMONN ai ile 13 Open List DEn CE LLG ON rine E R as 15 OU AVEAI EIN AE ORIA EN TETELE Sc PTE SA T E A
29. Spas AaBbYyZz Size Color js Urdaira Coe Style Bold Outline Some _ Italic Shadow Underline _ Condensed Extended F Cancel E ok 4 j eye Microsoft Windows Apple OS X For example in the snapshot below a list of objects on the Moon s terminator is shown in the Terminator List window The font used in this window was set to Apple Chancery a script like font colored blue and used in a 10 point size Terminator List 69 features a de Ba Ba Ba Ba Ba Byrg Tus Byrgias A Font Apple Chancery H4 Byrgtus H Byrgtus W Size 10 HH Color MN has mb Text Style Byrgtus P o Criger A Style Bold Outline kl _ Italic _ Shadow er a pao Danosea A Underline __ Condensed Donode C Extended Toode D Danese F Cancel C ox De vice A E Macintosh screenshot showing font selection Pronouncing Lunar Discoverer can help you learn how to correctly pronounce lunar features something many lunar experts cannot do You need never be embarrassed again at star parties or any event when speaking of the Moon s many features Turn this pronouncing feature on in the Preferences panel and afterwards every time you click on a feature it will pronounce it for you Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 8 of 57 Working with the Terminator Lunar Discoverer s ability to show where the terminator will appear is key to getting the most benefit from a viewing session Due to
30. TA Bise o a E e a a ts ia A y i y A e 00 LAA it A Agi j a Y 664 Femra Ebo Dr pea DAT rra pee Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 E Pease lais al Hewroomb er E all honor P a nO e e i q O 5 Page 30 of 57 Observing Log Deluxe edition Found under Options Menu You will probably want to take notes while observing and studying the Moon With the computer nearby you may enter your notes right in Lunar Discoverer with the Observer Log The date and current time are automatically set for you as is the object name it uses the currently selected object whatever was clicked on Enter the Power used and your equipment instrument both of which are remembered to save you time and work for future sessions Following that just setting the night seeing conditions and sky transparency if desired and enter your notes Macintosh Screen shot ae Copernicus 10 19 2006 6 01 PM Jl Observa Livre Date Object tes Tine Seming Power Instrument and Notes This is fascinating We on any a 1307 2000 Lamont because it 30 oooh ppan A fs inch exists Sky PM Was Pazy This was AMLAFINA TA On the Macintosh the history may be viewed or printed by clicking on the expansion arrow below and to the left of the Cancel button Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 31 of 57 Windows Screen shot Observation Log Object Name D
31. am will open the Guide Window to the closest Definition section to help you locate the definition of that term Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 E pa ODO Definitions Page 1 of 26 TIAS SJ Definitions KH Back Next A a Blocky angular and rough type of lava flow Aerolite A meteorite consisting mainly of stony material Age Lunar The number of days since a New Moon This is a fractional number but normally appears on calendars as a rounded whole number based on the age at noon Phases are based on the age of the Moon Agglutinates Common particle type in lunar sediment agglutinates consist of small rock mineral and glass fragments bonded together with glass Page 47 of 57 Nightly Views The Guide provides key assistance in helping make an observing strategy for on each day this is found under the Nightly Views section In this area you will find out which craters are visible and best viewed on a given day or night You ll see what specific details one should look for in and around a feature covered in some detail as seen under the lighting for that particular phase of the Moon A sample of what is covered is shown below 000 Day 1 Page 2 of 2 AAA Day 7 Page 1 of 1 Day 1 Back Next First Quarter D H4 Back Next There is more information specific to each feature found in the Feature Information window when the crater icon button is showing
32. ard textbooks used for lunar study those written by Rukl Viscardi and Hatfield Lower Panel Information Below the general upper panel area drawn on a gray background is a panel whose content changes depending on the buttons of this window This lower part of the window below the gray area contains information about the feature or the person for whom it is named Buttons Two buttons are normally seen in the top right hand portion of the Feature Information window they control what is seen in the lower panel of the window The left one is a magnifying glass for viewing images to its right is a button to control textual information Magnifying Glass Shown A magnifying glass appears if the feature has a close up image available for it Click on the magnifier when you wish to view the close up instead of the text Note if the feature does not have a close up view available the magnifying glass will not be displayed Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 44 of 57 Click on the magnifier icon to see a close up image for the feature The image will be scaled to fit the lower panel of this window as seen in the screenshot below q at Feature Information Gerard Difficult low interest Lat 44 50 H Lorg 20 00 W Dia 5 mules Depth 3 411 feet Ratio 460 Hatfield 1407 Microsoft Windows Face Crater To the right of the magnifying glass button when present is a button that allows you to toggle between informati
33. ard C Gerard A Cae rand Lavosier H Laronuier E Lavosier Lavouler Lavemier F Lavonier W Which Beigh A Uhazh Beigh Ulugh Beigh D Uhizh Beigh E Aloha Herodotus E Aencola Range Nigel Ridge Agricola Fissure Herodotus Mts Microsoft Windows Apple OS X The order of the list is normally from top to bottom with North up by latitude along the terminator A bullet to the left of the name indicates that there are one or more close up images available for the feature These are seen in the Close ups window You can browse through all the close up images by using the Browser window Buttons To see the list alphabetically use the button marked L for longitude in the area that indicates the number of features The button will then change to an A to indicate the list is sorted alphabetically Use of the Mouse When you click on a feature s name in the window the program will select it and move the feature into the center of the screen You can also use the up and down arrows on the keyboard to go through the list Use of Keyboard The arrow keys may be used to advance through the list Use the up arrow to move up the down arrow to move down As a window with text it may have its color and text style set by right mouse clicking or option clicking in the window The window may also be resized Its position and size are remembered when it is closed so that it will appear in the same location when next opened or whe
34. atalog to quickly find and zoom in on any one of thousands of features Hear Pronunciations available for over 1 200 lunar features with difficult names Use the Personal Observing Log to enter your own observations At the Eyepiece Views enter your telescope or binocular data and see the Moon exactly as it will appear in your eyepiece Close up images of hundreds of important features Also Includes A Location Setter View from anywhere around the world with accurate views and lunar data displayed A Night By Night Guide to help plan observing sessions on what to view Lunar Data rise and set times phase position in the sky distance from Earth and more A Calendar find the view from any date past or future Deluxe edition Image Gallery Browser for viewing incredible close up images under various illuminations Deluxe edition Breathtaking full color images from Apollo manned missions and lunar landers Satellite photos from unmanned missions such as Lunar Prospector and Galileo Orbiter Meteor impacts on Earth Over a dozen photos of major collisions with fact sheets Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 2 of 57 WELCOME TO LUNAR DISCOVERER vivssucscecsssossecstssnesesecotevesisesescssssuseesscesevssecesouasisoussedsesssostesseuetesoudsosssesssusslostvodsas serous EEEE 2 EFIRST TIENGSTEIRSA sisas 6 REI EN e O 6 SEPING OUR VIEWNCOEOCATION e A 6 OUK E START NN E A ORO E EE E O E SY rn UOC 7 GENERAL
35. ate Time Power Eratosthenes 1152009 4 47 15 AM 49 a Instrument My Telescope Seeing le Ver Good Transparency 4 Wer Good Observations and Notes Great moming for viewing The terminator is splitting the crater in two and it has great Show Log Print Log Export Log Cancel Under Microsoft Windows the history can be viewed by clicking on the Show Log button A window will then be opened showing your previous entries such as shown below a CObsirva ions and Notas m Sd Instrumunit Here am 2 46 PI IAU le 1334 Minghty 115 om 5 ot i Bie Did something Print Used to print the observing log Export You may export save your Observer Log to open in a word processor or web browser The button allows saving an html text file which most editors can edit Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 32 of 57 Viewing Location Found under Options Menu You may change your viewing location at any time using this menu option A window opens to present you with a list of major cities across the world as seen below Viewing Location Set Your Viewing Location E i2cksonville FL United State I T Bilis Georgia A Tabriz Iran Taegu Korea Republic ot an China Taiyuan China Lancel hannesburg South Tallinn Estonia abul Aft La Tampa FL United States ampa T Sri EA AI gt ar Latitude Longitude TimeZone apne TTRY r bra 28 016 52 452 5 Microsoft
36. be visible from your location this program does not have the capability to determine that Several major details are displayed for each lunar eclipse that is found during the year If the eclipse is a full eclipse the Moon totally shadowed the words Total Eclipse will appear on the first line otherwise Annular Eclipse will appear on the line that shows the date of the eclipse An annular eclipse occurs when the shadow of the earth does not completely cover the Moon see the Guide in Lunar Discoverer for more details on eclipse Start of the Eclipse An eclipse starts when the leading Penumbral shadow of the Earth contacts the Moon Penumbra shadow contact information is shown in the next section below the single line the time it begins and when the umbral contact begins End of the Eclipse An eclipse ends when the trailing Penumbral shadow of the Earth last contacts the Moon The totality ends when the last umbral shadow exits the Moon These times and their lengths are given in this section A double line separates individual different lunar eclipses from each other Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 42 of 57 Other Dates You can change the year and see predictions for eclipses in the future or even explore when eclipses happened in the past over the course of centuries or for a specific date This is most easily done by using the New button to see a new list of lunar eclipses New Button Clicking t
37. bel Limit to characters wrap bet Position Fort Futura 61 Position COB y n A Size 14 b Sel Foril e 30 Ted IRTE pe eo ny oh i Sry he Plain ET Sao i Draw arrow at i a Draw arrow Al 3D Text ei Cancel noo ue Microsoft Windows Apple OS X The upper half of the dialog controls general information which is applied across all types of features It limits what is displayed and labeled over the photograph of the Moon Size of features To limit the size of features which are displayed two controls are used one to limit the largest size and one to limit the smallest size identified Checking the box and specifying the diameter will sort and select features according to what is specified If Metric is used the units are specified in kilometers otherwise miles are used For example to see only craters which are over 50 km in size turn the Metric option on and then bring up the Modify Showings dialog and click Size Greater than and then type 50 in the edit box to its right If you also wanted to see features that are less than 2 kilometers checking the Size Less Than and setting the edit box at the right would result in only craters less than 2 km appearing Use the Apply button to instantly see how the Moon surface will appear with your choices In this example all craters larger than 2 km but less than 50 km would not be shown This provides a powerful way to limit clutter and study the moon Things to Tr
38. ddeahdeetasesccene ianasaamseneeansdePitis ia saan Gp Ubiaerhsu R es cucsaa eae niton cae Naahd dudes ead eben iacaheentay setesasaestibbracetaaniicaee 24 OO Oe e 5 rn O O RO 24 ERETRENCES A A A Ss Secession aaa cena aE ES 26 A qn E E E a RE E E E E E O E n E E A A PE A AEA 26 Use Degree minites seconds format reres Ea ENA pa 26 Use Moder namine A A NO nate Ear II EE UU r O A aar 26 Detailed Calendar ICC CO OI AAA AAA AAA AAA EAS 26 Es hse ucay aces vases tas N T CAO T S ERI OGRA SEAS SD ETERS ASSAM IwIR Oa 26 AMOS AN E ORV OUI iene e e Wad een ee ones AO UNO diame 21 US AA NR 21 Read Text Us A iii 27 OD a ea a en ee re Mtr miter nner nant e ero 2il Date FEI tata id dida 2al Time Ri ada A E ido oy Ns A O O ee Te 27 SHOW Terminalo IEEE 27 Rotate Moonta Maile SY oars cates AE EATE OE A EE O EE E 27 Your Telescope LOUPE SS 29 A O ARO 29 RE 29 DI sis UNO uesA e OUR Sonia nea 29 CU dean iaa 29 SHOW VIV A A bi 30 PSA AAA AAA AA AAA AA AREAS 32 APO el eee ene 32 VIGWIN 2 TO CIO Di AA bon 33 WINDOWS MENU aus ii 34 Browser De UNESCO ia IEA AAA SA AS A kates uasndaue 35 CIEE DO an le di 35 O 39 Usmethe Keyboard O an ID O Lt teen ens tena senha Liven uanta 33 Usma the MOM Esera didas 36 Double Che A A ras Rada ease E 36 Opbiene Click A cies de A T NA eesti eine AAE 36 Calendar Delnxeeditton iene SEA E TA AA AA A NTA 37 COMEN Ahe Di RS ANA ANI EEE AAA iene ea ee ale rete ati dats eet EA AA ca 38 Chanoine MOntINS nasal Trna Eon no Ia
39. de Y Observing Log Ctrl L Observing Log aL viewing Location Viewing Location Microsoft Windows Apple OS X Home This menu item may be used to return the Moon map to its home position the top left position that will not clip the photo at the current scale Zoom In This menu item may be used to zoom in on features of interest How far you can zoom in is controlled by the source image being used a beep will be made if you try to go past what is allowed If more detail is desired on a feature open the Close up Window or use the magnifying glass button in the Information window if the magnifier is not there a detailed image is not available not every feature will have a detailed photograph You can also zoom in by using a keyboard shortcut the Command key with the Zoom Out This menu item may be used to zoom out to get a quick view of surrounding features and get an overview of location in a larger perspective See how it might look through the naked eye or low power instruments How far you can zoom out is controlled by the source image being used a beep will be made if you try to go past what is allowed You can also zoom out by using a keyboard shortcut the Command key with the Full Size This menu item may be used to set the Moon map to the largest possible size without scaling the image up i e 100 scale This matches each pixel in the photograph to a pixel on the screen for seeing the best detail possible
40. em may be used on text entered when entering personal observation in the Log or in any of the dialogs Copy This menu item may be used when entering text in the personal observation in the Log or in any of the dialogs Paste This menu item may be used when entering text in the personal observation in the Log or in any of the dialogs Find Being able to search and quickly find a feature of interest is part of what sets Lunar Discoverer apart from a photographic lunar atlas book Search capabilities are sophisticated to make it easy for you to find what you seek Lunar Discoverer has a powerful Find tool to help locate features on the Moon This menu item invokes the search engine Below are shown the Find dialog boxes for Microsoft Windows and Macintosh OS X Find Feature Type Lakes Lacus AA 1 A 7 Parc Fol eatures Y Search Entire Catalo t Matec Search earch Entire Catalo Exact Mate Mera Janssen K Find Lacus Temporis Foom Y Center Exact Match Cancel Lacus Lenitatis Lacus Luxuriae a Lacus Mortis Y Search Entire Catalog tems in list 4054 Lacus Oblivionis sl al i Lacus Udi z Lacus Perseverantiae SSA M Lacus Solitudinis Lacus Somniorum Lacus Spei Lacus Temporis Items shown 20 l Zoom in W Center Cancel MN Microsoft Windows Apple OS X Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 16 of 57 The first thing to notice in this dialog is the menu at the top of the windo
41. en feature on the Moon s surface It has two panels the upper one is gray Right mouse clicking allows you to customize the size and color of text used in the window Feature infa 0 Coperrdas In Best 100 lat 470 H Long 2016 W Tia f miles Depth 12 464 feet Rano 150 Publ 31 Wineardt 294 Hameld 584 Feature Information CN kamad after Nicholas Copernicua Polish astronomer 1473 1543 ls boa Le recub owe com estou ero lubora of Celestal Orbis cublshed a few days after his death affirmed the dscarced moothess of Anstarchis also atinbutec by some to Pl agora that tae planets including Earth revabeed around the Sun as we bebeve today Seeng that the stars showed similar motion they incomecty margi Th entire universo Peeve around the Sur Gaard Dffbewlt flow interest Lal 44 50 Y Long 60 00 W A A Dia Jo miles Lepih 5 411 feet Kano 460 Hakl 2 Viscardi 363 Hatfield AD Harned afer Alexander Gerard Scottish explorer 1792 1239 Professor frst of Naturil Peolosoptr and afterward of Drimty anc ne OF the ministers of the city Ae a profeseor he mtroduced various reforre le 1756 be gared the prire for Essar on Tas which fopether wi an Pasar on Gums mace him notable k as tha Greek aami Aho hod Taught incarne Treat The wear Da revolved about Tha Earth acermat prlosophers mearakenty held Was Wew far over a housed year The Rorran church dea ado
42. entire Moon The screen below on the left shows a close up of the crater Nielsen the one on the right shows Plato er we Notice that the close up image on the screen shot on the left has a green border around it this indicates that the size is at optimal viewing 100 of the source image Changing the size of this window using the grow icon at the lower right corner of the window results in the image being scaled to fit the size of the window A indicates that the image is smaller than optimal size a red border indicates it has been enlarged beyond 100 and is scaled up The blue border indicates the source image is scaled down and can be made larger by resizing the window without any loss of detail By setting the size of this window you can limit the space used for close ups yet still see a high magnification view of the feature when available not all craters will have a close up image available Below the Closeup of Plato is scaled to best fit the window size the blue border around it indicates that it can be scaled up without any loss of detail Close ups are snapshots of the feature for a particular night and phase of the Moon They will not appear exactly as they will on the night you are viewing due to the changing shadows and their effect on the appearance of a feature For Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 40 of 57 example the main window will often show the full moo
43. et the terminator to line up very closely to what you actually observe It will automatically move through the night to stay in synch with the Moon at the time interval you specify in the preferences Moon Map With advanced versions of the software you may choose between using several different maps of the Moon such as photographic simulated or false color elevation You may also use this to select between using a full Moon map of the Moon or photographs of the Moon each night at different phases When a Phase series is chosen changing the date for example by clicking on the calendar will display the Moon that closest matches the phase of the Moon for that date Show Terminator To see what may be coming up into view or will soon pass into shadow on the Moon check this box If this is checked the current phase of the Moon will be drawn with the terminator represented as a line drawn in red Since the terminator and phase change from moment to moment with visible effects on what is viewable you may choose to allow the program update this periodically A value of 10 to 30 minutes is suggested If the Moon Map used is a full Moon type rather than a series of photographs of the phases the entire near side of the Moon with all features will be visible if this option is not selected Rotate Moon to Match Sky The Moon map is normally drawn with the North South pole line oriented vertically with North or South up To match how the Moon ap
44. g magnification beyond that will only produce blurriness Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 29 of 57 Show View Below is a snapshot of the computer screen when the Show View box is checked This will show the Moon map exactly as it appears in your eyepiece You see on the screen only what is visible at the eyepiece of the telescope the rest is blanked out This powerful technique helps you to identify features and match them to the view in the eyepiece F prient laii mabon a _The Moon MNarih Lip 5 1509 Manilins In Best 100 al E gt ja a i Lar 14 0 0N Long Y 6 0 1 a6 _ oa LER ie gt Bellos Dia 24 miles De p h 10 056 feet Kano 70 ad a oa 425 Ea gt Enea Ruki 23 Viscardi 285 Harficld 14 1F4 q me Eeldyab Enya gt b Pa Named after Marcus Manilius Roman poet and i aA e gt Ades E writer unknown 50 BC Manilius is e it Ty raa iy Peles den 5 A EPEE rs i neither quoted nor mentioned by any ancient e ore Big Fabas i P J i i A a writer and even his name is uncertain Author nd ME Chevallier of a poem in five books called Astronomica k hijo Elba O a A p p k His work indicates that he was well educated Willprsns e fa aed oF as it presents the most advanced views of the i Nr ancients on astronomy or rather astrology 5 4 The poem imples that the writer was a citizen El of Rome living under Augustus or Tiberus Rankin F Caesar Barri lt Baill 4 A Bowl G AA E
45. he New button at the top right of the window allows you to pick a date for searching for new eclipses over a specified period of time A window opens with a variety of options see below Find Eclipses ES Search Range From Year 1000 to 2200 ewch Date Find only on thes dabe Mant e Day ft Show those which ane otal i Partal Microsoft Windows Apple OS X Search Range You may search for lunar eclipses that occur over a span of years up to 2000 years at a time Or you can enter a single year as seen in the Apple OS X window at the right Search for Date By checking this checkbox you may search for lunar eclipses that occur on a specific day such as a birthday or an anniversary date Checkboxes You must check at least one of the checkboxes below to get eclipse results Total By checking this option only those eclipses that will be a total lunar eclipse will be reported to you Partial By checking this option only those eclipses that will be partial lunar eclipses will be reported to you After clicking OK the eclipse detailed information results will appear as before but for the dates you specified Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 43 of 57 Feature Information Found under Windows Menu This window is perhaps the most often used It is used so frequently that it automatically opens when you lock on to or double click a feature It shows all the information for a giv
46. l Version 1 40 Page 12 of 57 Open This menu item allows you to view previously saved Favorite sets of identified labeled features The Favorites window see appears showing favorites that are shipped with Lunar Discoverer as well as any previously saved sets that you have created Clicking on a saved favorite set opens it and allows you to very quickly switch between many customized views with ease Lunar Discoverer comes with several predefined sets favorites Some Presets that are supplied with Lunar Discoverer SingleLetterID displays craters with just a single letter rather than using the entire name This file preset demonstrates the effect when used with craters but you can set any feature type to be labeled this way and you may elect to use as few or as many letters as you wish Catena labels the catena of the Moon 30mi Craters all craters greater than 30 miles across are labeled Mts Prom displays all mountains and prominences on the face of the Moon Sinus displays the Bays on the Moon Rima all rilles rima and similar features are labeled with an arrow Vallis all valleys size and name shown Mare Shows the lunar mare actually maria only Landings displays all of the exploratory spacecraft that have landed or impacted on the lunar surface You may use the check box labeled Use Defaults in the Modify Showings option to restore the program to the default settings or set each feature individual
47. l image across the entire surface You may adjust it to better see details with this button Click the button to select it then adjust the slider Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 53 of 57 Use the slider below the histogram diagram to adjust the amount The percentage used is shown to the right of the buttons the percentage can be used as a reference to help you quickly adjust it back to this same setting later if desired The Contrast can be adjusted along with the Brightness to obtain the best view C Contrast This allows you to adjust the contrast for a particular area of the Moon Due to the wide range in the Moon s brightness and lighting conditions from terminator to limb it is impossible to have one setting that gives an optimal image across the entire surface You may adjust it to better see details with this button Click the button to select then adjust the slider Use the slider below the histogram diagram to adjust the amount The percentage used is shown to the right of the buttons the percentage can be used as a reference to help you quickly adjust it back to this same setting later if desired The Brightness can be adjusted along with the Contrast to obtain the best view Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 54 of 57 Toolbar Found under Windows Menu The Toolbar window is used to allow certain operations with a mouse click A series of buttons is shown with a line for explanatory text bel
48. listed in the order in which they were viewed Note on text styles displayed in windows In a window that contains text you can change the style and color of the text by right mouse clicking or option clicking in the window and scrolling through your choices The Microsoft window version on the left has an italicized bold text chosen the Macintosh example on the right shows a font that uses all capital letters in its display You can use any of your own fonts for the text in these windows and set the size and color you desire The window may also be resized Its position and size are remembered when it is closed so that it will appear in the same location when next opened or when the program is resumed at a later date Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 49 of 57 Phase Details Found under Windows Menu The basic information about the Moon itself is shown in this window The first section shows the rise and set times at your location and tells you when the Moon will reach its zenith Below that is information regarding the phase of the moon for the date shown and then its distance from the Earth and size in the sky At the bottom of the window you will find general information for the month dates of nearest approach and farthest as well as the major phase dates O Phase Details Date Tuesday June 1 Date Tha Oct 19 2006 Rises 5 32 00 PIM Riess 408 AM P Timnsits 10 19 AM Sets 428 PM Up for 1233 hrs Tresta 12
49. ly in the same dialog You never lose data so experiment Things to Try Save several sets with different types of features turned on For example only craters greater than 30 miles across only mountains labeled with arrows only Rilles labeled in yellow There are many combinations that can be easily and quickly saved Colors fonts used and marking identifiers are all preserved in a set Turn on Show Size for craters and the circumference of each will be drawn You can use the Save or Save As menu option to save combination sets for example just mountains and valleys that are labeled or marked in any way you prefer You can later open these saved sets and have all the settings instantly displayed Some examples are included and shown below Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 13 of 57 p y eet E an wy of The top left snapshot has craters and seas with rimae shown The top right screenshot has only some non crater objects labeled The bottom left shows seas only with a yellow latitude and longitude grid The bottom right screenshot shows landings only with a purple grid Close This menu item closes the currently active window Note closing the main Moon window is the same as quitting the program Save When you have a map with lunar objects labeled in a way you like you may save it for future reference If you make changes to the appearance after a save you can then revert back to a previ
50. n where shadows are very short it is like noon on the moon s surface so the detail seen on the craters is low It is difficult to see how deep Copernicus is from this photo The close up image shown below was taken when Copernicus was near the terminator the lighting shows nice detail on the crater walls and the rubble is nicely seen Of course you can look for these details under other lighting such as the full moon and may pick out even more details that are missing in a particular close up This is part of the enjoyment in studying the Moon the ever changing lighting on the surface brings new details to light Because no two nights are ever the same viewing features on the Moon is always a fresh experience For the astute observer there will also be some new and potentially exciting thing to notice and take note of When Live Identification is enabled this window will track and display features as you move the mouse over the moon To see a particular close up under a different lighting condition one may use the Browser window see where many images may exist for a particular feature Use of the Mouse Option clicking right mouse click in this window will change the magnification automatically to 100 and back again on repeating Double clicking in this window will center the object in the main lunar window making it easier to locate Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 41 of 57 Eclipses Found under Wi
51. n the program is resumed at a later date Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 51 of 57 Things to Try Wondering when a favorite feature is best seen Combine the Calendar with the Terminator List Clicking on a day on the calendar will instantly show you the features that can be seen on the terminator on that date For example on the night of October 28 below 133 features are near the terminator and will be excellent for observing YO Terminator List O October 133 features Day 8 Dayo Day10 Daya Dayaz Day 13 14 Abenezra A A Ga E ge EE ae Abenezra E Day15 Day1 6 Day17 Day18 Day19 Day 20 Abenezra P Li Abulfeda A oe pee eee Bb Abulfeda C Day 22 Day23 Day2q Dayz25 Day 26 Day27 Day 28 Abulfeda D ee ce ol Abulfeda L Day 1 Dayz Day3 Dayq Days Day SP rere Agrippa S Ainge A Airy B Aine E Ain G Ain T Aliacensi A Apianus Apianus B Apianus C Apianus D Apianus P Apianus R Apianus T Apianus U Archytas K t AzophiB M Barron If you were to click on the 29th of October as shown below you will see that some of those features from the 28 of October are no longer on the terminator list as the Moon s terminator has moved 1 Terminator List des poba 104 textures Alpetrag irs 2 Alpetragias M k Alpotragius H Alpetiagme U Plpetragi Y Alpetragiis Wr Alpetrsagrs A i Alphonsus Archimedezs Bode ode H Chang Hgo Daug i Dele Daluo D Deluc E bakus F Deluc H
52. ndows Menu The Eclipses window shows detailed data for lunar eclipses When first opened it shows any eclipses that will occur for the current year Below are screen shots for different years 2006 and 2008 lt ee E 8 Eclipses ODE SUE E Lord Mer Arda dp SADO Mision Al 647 FPM Perera Lastr 4h tern 125 PH DUernbral br confart be PAL Piera EL ial A milar Eclipse 20212008 Marinum At 10 26 PM Tosi rapto 6 05 FM Totahiy Lasts 46 5 mm Umbra Lasts 3h 23m runa tinto Pormmebra Lost 5h 35m Urab ral last conta 5 41 FFl Y rah te Puta Gee cordart 3 10 PRE Pamurbral first contact 2 41 Pld Femumiral Mag 10 Umbral first comtact 2 47 PE Totality starts 1105PM Total Edos 9 7 2008 Totality ends 11 52 PM Mod En dl l ia FM Umbral last contact 12 09 PM ee ee Pemorbral last contact 1 15 AM A a Umbral Flag Prueba drat eontaet 11 45 Ane Perumwbral Mar 2 1 Umbral fret contact 106 FM Toialty tart 1 31 FAL Tolaliy etek y FM e Hri eo A rein oe Annee Umbrallast conse 237 FM LARS ER A Fim bral a coat 3 08 PRL Umbra Lasts Jh Sm Uenhral Miz a Pemutbra Lasts Sh Sm Femba Mae 11 Microsoft Windows Apple OS X At the top of the window you can see how many lunar eclipses will occur during the selected year s Note not all eclipses can be seen from a fixed location on Earth i e your location You will need to check the times and another source to determine whether the eclipse will
53. nearest feature to the currently selected object by distance on the lunar surface when this menu item is selected Center This menu item centers the currently selected feature in the main window You may also use the space bar in the main window to center a selected feature Pronounce This menu item may be used to pronounce the name of the currently selected feature Clicking on the feature will also allow the name to be pronounced Note this will pronounce the name even when the general control for pronouncing is off This allows you to hear a name for just one selected feature if you do not want the names pronounced every time you select or click on a feature You may also use the s key on the keyboard in the main window to have the program speak say the name Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 18 of 57 Options Menu Many options can be set from this menu Below is a screen shot of the Options Menu followed by detailed descriptions of its features Options Windows Help ei UE Windows Help Home Chrl 0 Home 80 zoom In Ctril Zoom In de Zoom Cut Ctrl Zoom Out H Fullsize Chrl 1 Full Size de 1 y Show Moon Photo Y Show Moon Photo w Moon North Up Moon North Up w Moon East on Right Y Moon East on Right Metric Metric Set Date to Wow Ctri4 U Set Date to Now ta U Modify Showings Ctrl M Modify Showings M Preferences Ctrl Preferences dE Your Telescope Ctri Y Your Telescope
54. ng the Mouse Single Click A single click on the Moon map window will select the closest feature Information on that feature will be updated in the Feature Information window If the option to Pronounce names is set in the Preferences window the name will be spoken If the option to Read Text is set available under Apple OS X only the information in the Feature Information window will be spoken using the synthesized voice If the feature clicked on is not labeled the label will appear and will remain visible until either a the Moon map is moved by dragging it or b the zoom is changed This allows you to see the names of unidentified features but still preserves the label options selected under Modify Showings The History window can be used to review those items that were clicked on if desired If Live Identification is on it will also lock onto the feature When a feature is locked the Live Identification of features as you move the mouse over the Moon stops To release the lock and re enable Live Identification simply click a second time on the same feature Click and Drag The mouse may also be used to move about the large lunar map At full size the map is too large to be seen in its entirety on a computer screen Clicking and holding the left mouse button down while moving the mouse is used to move the Moon map pan and bring various desired features into view Note if the Measure mode is selected in the Tools window you cannot
55. ntage used is shown to the right of the buttons the percentage can be used as a reference to help you quickly adjust it back to this same setting later if desired F Fuzz Adjust for deteriorated seeing conditions or to simulate views in a smaller telescope Each time it is clicked fuzziness is added to the image The percentage used is shown to the right of the buttons the percentage can be used as a reference to help you quickly adjust it back to this same setting later if desired A Automatic The program will automatically determine and adjust both the brightness and contrast to what normally will best enhance overall detail for the entire image This is a subjective science the other controls allow you to change it as you desire Note the slider is not used for this control E Equalize The program will automatically determine the brightness and contrast to equalize the number of blacks and white shades Note the slider is not used for this control T Threshold The program will convert the map to black and white The slider controls what the threshold is when it is converted the brightness level at which a gray pixel becomes black or white Click the button to select then adjust the slider B Brightness This allows you to adjust the brightness for a particular area of the Moon Due to the wide range in the Moon s brightness and lighting conditions from terminator to limb it is impossible to have one setting that gives an optima
56. ny questions or issues not covered here please visit us on the web Updates and other products are available through the web site so be sure to visit frequently to stay current Contacting us On the world wide web http www astrohawk com or http www lunardiscoverer com By email sales astrohawk com or support astrohawk com END Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 57 of 57
57. omize many of the program s settings and access its many capabilities See examples below Besides the usual standard File and Edit Menus there are two additional menus one for controlling various Options and one for controlling which Windows are open Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 11 of 57 File Menu The Moon North U Edt Options Wind Pes Ctrl Open trito nse jave trl ave As Prik Ctrl P i Print pen List d Open List e Exit Ctrl k 4 Quit HO E Apple OS X Microsoft Windows The menu items seen under File are pretty much the standard File menu options found on most applications you already use and are familiar with Each is covered in the following section in the order that they appear under the menu New Selecting the New menu item clears existing display settings the identified features on the moon setting them back to the defaults when you started Lunar Discoverer for the first time Use the Modify Showings menu item in the Options menu to change labels on the lunar map Things to Try When Live Identification is on checked via the Preferences dialog features will be identified in the Feature Information window as the mouse is moved over them This can be a convenient way to test how well you have learned various features You can click on a feature and check the Feature Information window to see if it is the name you expected Lunar Discoverer User Manua
58. on about the person for whom the crater is named or sometimes information about the Earth location for which it is named and information about the feature itself when it is best viewed and what to look for A crater icon on this button indicates that you are viewing information about the feature itself the icon of a face Albert Einstein indicates that you are viewing information about the person or place for whom the feature is named Most lunar features are named after prominent scientists and there is a small encyclopedia of information for each of them in Lunar Discoverer Face Icon Shown When a face is seen on the button one usually reads information about a famous scientist inventor doctor or other person for whom the feature has been named When they were alive and what they were noted for is covered in some detail The screenshots below show examples of what you will see when the image of a man is seen on the button Feature Information Alpetragius Fascia tru al Lat 16 00 gt Lane Lov wW a E Cu 39km Depth 3900rmetert Pato 60 Makil 55 Vierareh 164 Hatheli 944 13944 Named after Mur Ed Din 4 Betrugi Maroccan astronomer ukran 1204 Born in Morocca Pe ater migrated to Spain 4 Ar truap Apetragius was a leading astronomer of he time Hs Ertab al Hay ah was popular in Europe in the Thirteenth contuey twas trommlated into Heine then Prom Hebrew into Latin He athern
59. or normally and which attributes might be interesting to look for as seen in the screen shot below 8 Feature Information Gerard Di ficolt J low miest j mu Lat 44 50 H Lone 20 00 W a Ins 4 makes Depih 3 411 feet Bato 460 Ruki 3 Vecai 367 Hatfield 14071 Best seen Day 1615 Woon Dey 2 1 days aller hird Claret Daaa of de dockins tear Lhe Gon Ll le ven fore borlenecl making detailed caseeytions dificul Thk amp a worn crater woth a men that is cistoried syel ia sone places Double clicking on a feature name found in the lower portion will locate that feature on the Moon map and take you there selecting it and centering it in the main window It will also open the Guide Window to help you locate the definition of any term that you click on Using the Mouse If you double click in the lower part of the window the Close up Window will open at full size for that feature The Closeup window can be resized see Closeup Window To save screen space you may view the close ups in the Feature Information Window here or in a separate window which allows you to read textual information about the feature or about the scientist for whom the feature is named Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 46 of 57 Guide Found under Windows Menu The Guide is a convenient place to find lots of detailed background information on the Moon In fact it is like a small electronic encyclopedia of the Moon As you can
60. ous look by using the Open menu command and opening the set that you previously saved Save As Allows you to specify a new name for a new collection of the settings used on the photograph of the Moon This lets you make a collection of styles and experiment with the settings and then quickly restore favorites Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 14 of 57 Print Deluxe Edition A Moon map can be printed as seen on the main window Set the options you want before printing Things to Try Turn on Show Size for craters and turn off the Show Moon Photo for a detailed printout in situations where you can t take Lunar Discoverer for an observing session You can save your displayed options for future use in a file named Printing for example and then load it whenever a printout is desired Be sure to save the settings for computer use beforehand so you can quickly restore your preferences after printing if desired Open List Deluxe Edition Quit For even more control over what features are displayed you can make up custom lists of just the actual features you wish to be shown on the lunar map This menu selection opens plain text files as created with Notepad in Microsoft Windows or plain text from Text Edit on OS X Place each feature on its own line As an example you can make a list like the following Apollo 11 Apollo 12 Apollo 13 Apollo 14 Save as a plain text file no formatting Open it a
61. ous month Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 38 of 57 Clear View Found under Windows Menu The Clear View window shows the Moon s surface without any labels or markings The screen shot below shows the Clear View window placed bear the labeled area it is displaying Because the size of the craters is not shown on this window it is possible to see more detail in the crater walls yet the main window provides helpful labels so you get the best of both worlds Note the Clear View window is not used if a lunar photograph is not used for the main display window see the Options menu L enr lew When Live Identification is turned on the image shown in the Clear View window follows the cursor as it is moved over the surface of the Moon map that is shown in the main window Otherwise it displays the area of the moon centered on wherever you click This window can be resized according to your preference and moved to a convenient location It always displays the Moon photograph at full size and best resolution that is at 100 size not scaled for maximum detail without distortion or pixilation Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 39 of 57 Closeup Window Found under Windows Menu Many features on the Moon have detailed close up photographs to help you learn the details that may be visible for that particular feature More detail can be seen in these close ups than in the photograph that shows the
62. ow it The font is user selectable right mouse or option click This window is also resizable The window typically appears as follows Toolbar Sime AE Microsoft Windows Apple OS X Measure Buttons I Identify The normal default mode of operation this identifies features when you click on the Lunar map It allows dragging the moon on a click and drag operation M Measure Used to measure the distance between features on the lunar surface After pressing this button when you click and drag on the lunar map it will find the craters nearest the mouse positions The distance between the features will be reported in the Feature Information window as seen below lol Lacus Doloris to Le Monnier 445 miles Q de Reported results may be in metric or English units see the menu option Note using the mouse to drag the lunar map is not functional when this option is selected Zoom In Used for zooming in on the lunar map increasing the magnification This is an alternative method to using the menus or their keyboard equivalent for changing the scale Zoom Out Used for zooming out from the lunar map decreasing the magnification This is an alternative method to using the menus or their keyboard equivalent for changing the scale C Closeup Shows the Closeup Window H Hide Closeup Hides the Closeup Window Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 55 of 57 Favorites Found under Windows
63. pears in the sky at any particular moment check this box The map will then be rotated to closely match the sky Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 27 of 57 If your telescope view requires it you can specify the angle of rotation in degrees by entering a number other than 0 in the box to the right of this control Valid values range from 90 to 90 positive being clockwise negative being counter clockwise Be aware that using the rotation option will slightly reduce the image quality this cannot be avoided when rotating images For maximum detail you can quickly temporarily turn it off and then turn it back on so the orientation in the program exactly matches what you see in the eyepiece of the telescope Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 28 of 57 Your Telescope Equipment Found under Options Menu This feature allows you to enter specific information about the equipment calculating the power and view even allowing you to see the Moon through the eyepiece if desired The window appears as below Telescope Info Telescope Info Primary Objective Diameter 8 Metric Units Focal Length 64 CF eH 8 00 Air disk 0 57 arc sec Smallest feature 0 68 miles Primary Objective Diameter E Metric Units C Focal Length f 8 00 Airy disk 0 57 arc sec Smallest feature 0 68 miles Eyepiece Field OF view 45 degrees Focal Length E rm i Barlow Lens 2 0 sg Magnification 36
64. pted the mew of palasopher scientists of their day which made for bath bad thedogy and persecution of men such as Gallec and Capernicus Copericus s work was published with a preface by Andreas Osiander Microsoft Windows Apple OS X Upper Panel Information gray area The first line of information shown is the feature name If you want the name displayed in Latin instead of modern English or vice versa go to the Options menu in the Preferences window Further to the right is a short note on the interest level of the feature In this example it is noted that Gerard is a difficult object to see and does not have extensive unique features which would make it more interesting Notes on other more notable lunar features may state that they are in the 100 Best objects to study or of high interest Immediately below the feature name is its latitude and longitude on the Moon this can appear as degrees minutes seconds or decimal degrees and is also controlled by an option in the Preferences window The next line below the latitude and longitude is quick information about the feature Its size is shown as the diameter and depth or height in the case of plateaus or mountains The ratio of its diameter to depth is also given this is relevant to the type and general features of a crater Below the basic information on the feature is a reference to more information on the feature in three of the stand
65. pted to modify Poleras s aten planetary motions DA WHS ursuccasst prrariy because Pe followed Arisiotias noten Of perect araar motor He mied ta Balan the motion Of The panets relata 16 Lhe stare and through e rreentian of apiral mavens Feature Information BHA Flato Best 100 Lat 51 60 YN Long 9 40 W aq El Dia df miles Depth 6 663 feet Ratio 230 Ruld 3 Viscardi 375 Hatfield 265 245 6B5 Hamel after Greek philosopher c 426 c 347 BC Plato was also a mathematician writer of philosophical dialogues and founder of the Academy in Athens the first mstitution of higher learning in the western world Plato was originally a student of Socrates Using the Mouse If you double click on a feature name seen in the lower portion of the window the program will locate that feature on the Moon map and take you there selecting it and centering it in the main window this feature is available under Microsoft Windows only Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 45 of 57 If you double click on a word other than a feature name the Guide Window will open the Guide Window and display the closest Definition to help you locate the definition of that term Crater Icon Shown When you click the button on the right the button image changes from that of a face to that of a crater New text appears giving you more details about the feature You will be told which nights are best for viewing when it is close to the terminat
66. rowser to searching only selected categories of images Holding the option key with the mouse click or clicking with the right mouse button will bring up a popup menu of categories as seen in the snapshots below Fa Browsing Copernicus a Photo 8 of 3320 Find C Full C Resize Back Next 8 Browsing Tycho Photo 3140 of 3320 E DIX Find Full Resize Prev Newt v All Folders and Images E e Sl Folders and Images Apollo Apolo Best Of Amateurs Fest OF Amateurs Clementine Clementine Higgins Higgins LAC_LM LAC LM Lunar Greats Lumar Orbiter Phobo tlasMoon tiaras ars Microsoft Windows a Apple OS X Lunar Greats Lunar Orbiter PhotoAtlasMoon LunarProbes Various As many features may be seen in each of the categories this can be useful to find only those of a certain desired type All Folders and Images the default uses all images supplied with Lunar Discoverer Apollo images taken by the Apollo missions courtesy of NASA Best of Amateurs images taken by amateur astronomers courtesy of the individuals Clementine images taken by the Clementine lunar missions courtesy of NASA LAC_LM these are charts not photographs taken from the Lunar Astronautical Chart They show contour lines of elevation These are made available courtesy of the Lunar and Planetary Institute Lunar Greats images corresponding to some of the best or most interesting features of the Moon Lunar
67. rvers This is unfortunate as even a small telescope or binocular will reveal a wealth of features to study It is truly one of the most spectacular sights in the sky showing an incredible history of bombardment and volcanic activity Even more exciting is the fact that new craters are constantly being formed by collisions from meteors These range in size from the microscopic to house sized With careful observation there is potential for an amateur to discover a new crater Many who seek deep space galaxies and nebula curse the Moon s bright glow without realizing the opportunity to study and the awesome wealth it offers The excitement that fine optics can bring to the eyepiece when observing the Moon is second to none The fact that the Moon is our nearest neighbor means that we can find more detail on it than anywhere else In fact you can see more detail on the Moon than the largest observatory can see on any of the planets There are over 750 named craters alone with a diameter of over 5 miles Y O km Add to these the seas lakes rills and mountain y camer F Gout 7H VEEL 4 Pye 3 Eert g x A u sl AAA If you double click on a lunar feature name on any Guide page the program will locate that feature on the Moon map and take you there selecting it and centering it in the main window available for Microsoft Windows only If you double click on a word on any Guide page other than a feature name the progr
68. s All those named by the International Astronomical Union the IAU Read Text Using Apple OS X Only Check this option to hear text read aloud on computers that support synthesized speech You will hear information about the crater features as shown in the Feature Info window To stop the reading at any time click in any window such as the Clear View or in the Feature Information window s top panel You can select the synthetic voice that you prefer from the pop up menu This is a fun option to experiment with Its nice to use at the telescope so you can have the information read while you observe in an eyepiece Set Date and Time Date Field This is an alternative to using the Calendar window It has the added capability of quickly going to any date of any year Time Field Normally you needn t change this unless you want to see the appearance of the Moon at a specific past or future or past time or date However setting the Time can be very useful to fine tune the location of the terminator and the position of the phase drawn This requires that Show Terminator option be checked Due to librations of the Moon the Moon map image and the terminator as seen in the program is only approximate on a given date You can adjust the exact position shown to better match what you see in the telescope by changing the time in this field Changing the time will cause the program to calculate and move the terminator You can adjust the time to g
69. s a list You will get a message that Apollo 13 is not found because it did not land on the Moon Only the Apollo sites in the list will be labeled no craters mountains or any other features This can be very useful for presentations to show certain features desire or to reduce label clutter when zooming out Several lists are pre made and supplied with Lunar Discoverer look in the Try These folder Example the Lunar 100 used by the Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers ALPO Use this menu item to quit exit the program Many session settings are automatically saved such as the positions and sizes of all windows which ones are opened etc The next time you launch Lunar Discoverer it picks up right where you left off and the windows appear right where you last had them its just like you never quit If auto save is on the current labeling options for features on the Moon map are saved otherwise you will be asked if you want to save the current display options in the view Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 15 of 57 Edit Menu MM The Moon North Up Mon File Edit Options Windows He Option 5 Windows Help Lindo Ch _ Undo TheM Cut Ctrl e Copy ctrl E Faste Ctrl Find Ctrl F Find Nearest Ctri k Find Nearest K Microsoft Windows Apple OS Undo This menu item is not currently used but is here as a placeholder to keep items where they are normally expected to be located Cut This menu it
70. s papers Field of View Enter the value given in degrees from the eyepiece manufacturer An eyepiece s field of view the apparent field of view is the diameter expressed in degrees of the circle of light that the eye sees Eyepiece apparent fields range from narrow 25 30 degrees for short focal length to extra wide angle 80 degrees or more The true field or real field of view is the angle of sky seen through the eyepiece when it s attached to the telescope Focal Length All eyepieces have the focal length printed on their barrel as it is important to selecting magnification power Enter the value shown on the eyepiece Eyepiece focal lengths are universally given in metric units millimeters mm Barlow If you are using a Barlow lens to amplify the magnification of your eyepiece check the box and enter the power in the box to the right 2X 5X is normal although it is possible to successfully stack high quality Barlow lenses Calculate Clicking on this button will calculate the Magnification of your equipment and indicate the true Field Of View FOV i e how much is seen through the eyepiece The Moon is about a half degree in diameter 0 5 degrees or 30 minutes The power per inch of aperture PPI is shown in parenthesis to the right of the magnification A power of 50X per inch is a good rule of thumb for the maximum useable power possible under excellent skies if you also have excellent optics in a telescope Usin
71. see in the figure below from the menu over a dozen chapters deal with major areas of study about the Moon Following the Introduction to the Moon observing tools binoculars telescopes are discussed as are the current theories on the origin of the Moon and mankind s exploration of the surface There is even a chapter discussing craters located on the Earth Following the General section of the Guide there is a night by night summary Nightly Views of what should be looked for over the course of an entire month of observing the Moon Ce Introduction Observing Tools History 7 Basle Facts Eclipses ro MEC Old Moon po Man an the Moon Meteors and Impacts Miscellaneous Photegraphy l Refinar p Help t Credits f i Mi Wie Day 1 Day 2 f pay 3 Crescent day 4 Day 5 Day 6 First Quarter Day 7 Day 8 Day 9 Day 10 Day 11 Day le Day 13 Full Moon Day 14 Day 15 Mise 1 Using the Mouse i Thu 5 10 PM le lofi be an possible phie Ta he surface from behind us Erracdonts re BL A Minimin ih nigra amp cut oft Thi ito the shadow of the Nas the umira is Umbra where tTa Sur 13 feo due to the Earth s ts In tid area an observer a partal solar eclipse leccion an eclipses AAA Introduction Page 1 of 6 Introduction HH Back f Next Welcome Lunar Observer Our nearest celestial neighbor the Moon is often overlooked by many obse
72. see the full name in the information window Position The series of buttons show where the labels will appear around the feature To center the text at the center of the feature use the center position label tT label label To see the effect of the various position buttons click on the Apply button Draw Arrow You can use this option to move the text label further away from the feature and draw a line to the center of the feature The Position see above is used to specify the direction in which the text will be moved if it is in the center position no line will be seen See the above diagram to see how arrows will be drawn you can test the position and effect by using the Apply button 3D Text Use this option to enhance the appearance of the labels and make the text more readable against bright and dark areas It works best on larger font sizes 14 point or larger Font This option allows you to select the font and the font style used in labeling the feature Color Use this option to display features in any color you wish It is best to use darker colors for light areas of the moon and lighter colors for the dark areas such as Mare seas Any text arrows object size or marks selected will use the color selected Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 24 of 57 E Ties vices Lig 4 i Ezi i i Size Greater fan A La Size Les then Dec co Drs M Cmi Hens Fiance w E p
73. to see more detail without causing blurriness or pixilation Changing the size of the window will change how much scaling is used whenever Full is not checked Resize causes the window to automatically size itself to fit the image at a 1 1 ratio It automatically sets the image to be displayed at a 1 1 Full size Each image that is opened in this option will cause the window to automatically resize itself to show the entire image Buttons Back takes you back one image to the previous in the list alphabetically Next takes you forward one image to the next in the list alphabetically Using the Keyboard The arrow keys can be used to quickly move through the thousands of Browser close up images You may use the right arrow or up arrow to advance to the next image Use the left arrow or down arrow to select the previous image Typing any letter of the alphabet will take you immediately to the features that begin with that letter Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 35 of 57 Using the Mouse Double Click Double clicking in the Browser window will select and center the feature whose image is displayed in the Browser window in the main Moon window If the feature information window is open the information will be shown and the close up window will display an alternate image of the feature if available Option Click right mouse The default is to search all categories of features but it is possible to limit the b
74. tton Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 22 of 57 Feature Attributes Area of Modify Showings This section of the dialog is used to completely customize how features are identified on the surface of the Moon Each type of feature can have its own unique identification its own color markings text style number of characters used in name and more You can set up dozens of custom settings and views and save them for specific studies see the Save menu option Each type of feature can be controlled independently of the others For example craters can be labeled with text landings with a mark and mountain ranges and fissures outlined by their size This is controlled through the Popup menu which is by default set to affect Craters Clicking on the menu allows the settings below it to be applied to that particular type of feature After the characteristics for a feature have been set they are applied and saved whenever the menu is changed To make all features use the same font or color select All Features in the menu and then apply the settings below it Use the Cancel button if you want to restore all settings to where they were before the dialog was opened Shoe On Moon Limit Features Shown to a i Size Greer Than Ses Greaber han P i aiy Features which hane mu Size Less Than Sue Ler thar Name in Range Mame mn Range 5 l Latitude in Rare 0 To Labude in Range A a a al ee 60 t All Features Craters _
75. tures size to identify the position The feature is marked with the chosen symbol at its Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 23 of 57 center This is also very useful for marking landing sites Click on the desired symbol to select and use the mark By using the Apply button you can immediately view the effect of selecting this option Label Turn this option on to display the official name of each feature You can choose between the traditional Latin name and the modern English name by use of the Display Settings menu item under the Options menu Limit to use __ characters Use this feature to specify how many letters are used in labeling Leave it blank or type 0 to show the full name For example typing in a 1 would label the future using just the first letter of the name Limiting to 3 characters would result in just the first 3 characters of the name being used on the labeled features wrap text Most useful for names which consist of multiple words this allows them to use several lines to take up less space across the screen and reduce clutter When wrap is on checked the name will use several lines Very often used for Mare with the center position option Things to Try The default is to label with the entire name of a feature Try using abbreviations of 3 5 letters and test how well you know the features with just the abbreviation used as a clue Try using just 1 character to identify a feature location You will still
76. w below the title bar By default it will search for all features as shown in the previous Macintosh snapshot You may also search for only a particular type of lunar feature For example in the above Windows screen shot it has been set to search just for lunar lakes Lacus If you know what type of object you are searching for this can be used to help the program find the exact feature more quickly and accurately Clicking on the Feature type menu at the top of screen will display types of objects as seen below Search For All Features Feature Type Lakes Lacus Cratere All Features search Craters Crater Chain Catena Crater Chain Zoo Maria Seas Sinus Bays Wl Sear Lacus Lakes Lacus estati Lacus Autum Jas A ee ETA Jansser Promontorium Prominences Janssel Dorsa Dorsum Wrinkle Ridges neg Valis Valley lanssel Rupes Scarpes lansser Rima Rimae Rilles Fissures lansser Landings Spacecraft Jansser Others Domes Palus ete Lacus Felicital Valleys Vallis Lacus Gaudi Cliffs Scarps Rupes Lacus Hiemalil Fissures Rima Rimae Lacus Lenitati Landings Spacecraft Lacus Luxurial Others Domes Somnii etc Items shown 20 Zoomin W Center Cancel Microsoft Windows Apple OS X A list of the feature types Latin term followed by the English term can be selected and the list of features of that type will then appear in a list below it To go to the object click
77. y Lunar Discoverer User Manual Version 1 40 Page 21 of 57 How many identified craters are between 5 and 10 miles in diameter on a full Moon Use Greater than 5 Less than 10 Answer 1 402 How many craters can be identified that are between 10 and 20 miles in diameter on a full Moon Greater than 10 Less than 20 Answer 1 170 Leave both check boxes unchecked to see all the features of any size on the map Name Range For quizzing and other interesting studies select the Name Range check box and limit features that are displayed based on the letter they begin with Location of features To limit features that are seen based on their location on the lunar surface you specify the latitude and longitude Latitude controls how far north and south of the equator you are able to see it is normally the entire surface from North to South pole Longitude is set automatically to display only those features that are visible on the particular date on which the viewing is taking place To specify a different range check the box off and enter the values you want Auto Scale text Check this to allow the font size to automatically change as the zoom is changed on the Moon This will help it stay in proportion to the scale of the map When this is not selected the font stays at the same size you set it regardless of the zoom Use Defaults To quickly restore all settings to the standards use this option and then click the Apply or OK bu
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