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FG-PAM-SAN-4ETH-R, V1

1. Enter the new password Confirm the password again The password has been changed Information line The new configuration is saved automatically after the dialogue is Finished Page 46 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG New Password press ENTER to disable Are you sure to disable password y n y Password has been changed Saving configuration Configuration saved gt manage Command format setpass Parameter none Definitions Old Password Enter the old password AAY New Password press Press Enter to disable the password Enter to disable Are you sure to Confirm the desire to disable the disable password password by pressing y y n Password has been The password has been changed changed Information line Saving The new configuration is saved configuration automatically after the dialogue is Finished Note The maximal password length should be no more than 20 symbols The password should be of Latin letters and figures The symbol uppercase differs 7 2 7 Mode command The mode command selects the device operation mode bridge or router Bridge mode setting gt gt mode Please select bridge or router b r b b Current mode is bridge gt gt Command format mode Parameter none Definitions Please select Select the operation mode bridge or router bridge router Cu
2. qeu o djes MOUs UoiMsjes I I I I ynejep dnedjes Jed s dies I I I I xeuue sayy unedjep doupies mous I I I I I depe oAdjap unedppe ssedjes Jamasdoyp disupjas I I I I I I 43A Moys Ispus 9 es pesas KO yainb Dud yed epoul efeuew Jett uel Aejaisup ynejep NANNAN NIV 1SQXel3 Fig 19 Command tree of bridge mode Page 40 of 89 Version 1 0 User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Flexps Telecommunications AG moys I Moys dnes I I sobyes sobjes I I eet EIS amas I I I smes oyaa oye PIMS I I I I xj moys uucosip uucosip moys moys I I I I I I ajqeus diuemjas sasnjap sasnjap moys uoywsies diuemjes I I I I I I I yneyep moys dyas eu 19euuoo 1edjos dnos dios I I I I I I I I xeuue amp jnoudijep sobjas ssedyo ssedyo unedjep doupies sobjes wous I I I I I I I I I depe anosd ppe diuemjap Jasnppe desnppe unedppe ssedjas semesdoyp diuemjep disupjes I I I I I I I I I I Leon wous ps anes igen persas Cor xoinb aoddd eoddd Bud yed epoui aBeuew E ue eodi fejousup Weien ANAW NIV
3. e PNOs e long haul E1 transmission e organization of trunk lines between PABX e increase of capacity of subscribers lines with the help of Digital Loop Carrier systems e high speed access to SDH networks Restrictions e two pairs are used for stream transmission e impossibility to regulate transmission rates e increased influence on analog systems with frequency division multiplexing demultiplexing 3 1 4 MEGATRANS technology xDSL solutions are widely used for the organization of interstation trunk lines creation of routes for multiplexers and routers But the wide spread of analog systems with frequency division multiplexing demultiplexing of the K 60 K 24 K 12 types makes it difficult to use standard xDSL solutions over backbone trunk lines and zone cables of the different types with the wire diameter of 0 9 1 2 if one of the analog systems works over cables To digitalize local and zone lines NTC NATEKS engineered the MEGATRANS technology based on asymmetric adaptive multimode CAP modulation with a regulated level This technology allows to transmit synchronous digital stream with a changeable line speed from 144 to 2064 kbit s over two copper pairs The technology stipulates the installation of up to 6 remotely powered regenerators The number of regenerators can be doubled if they are remotely powered from two manned repeater station where power source is available Version 1 0 Page 14 of 89 Flexpse User Manual
4. e integration of LANs e creation of trunk lines between PABX e increase of capacity of subscribers lines with the help of Digital Loop Carrier systems e high speed access to SDH networks Restrictions e absence of compatibility with the equipment of other manufacturers e interference with other xDSL services 3 1 7 G shdsl technology The G shdsl technology was engineered as a universal technology of synchronous digital data transmission It became an international standard for symmetric systems The technology supports the transmission over one and two pairs Special stress while developing the technology was laid to provide spectral compatibility with other technologies such as ADSL IDSL MDSL MSDSL Version 1 0 Page 17 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 3 1 7 1 G shdsl in brief Standard e ITU T G 991 2 e compatibility with the equipment of other manufacturers Transmission rate e 192 2360 kbit s Line code e TC PAM Transmission medium e one or two pairs e possible installation of up to three regenerators Usage e PNOs Internet service providers e access to Internet e integration of LANs e creation of trunk lines between PABX e increase of subscribers lines with the help of Digital Loop Carrier systems e high speed access to SDH networks 3 2 Local area network integration Access to Internet Local area networks facilitate documentation processing ac
5. in 19 rack or cabinet for the devices of the Mini Rack type or on horizontal surface for the devices of the Stand Alone type Note The metal cases in which devices of Mini Rack type and cards of Sub Rack type are mounted must be properly grounded the grounding resistance is no more than 10 Ohm The devices of Mini Rack and Stand Alone type must be grounded through the grounding bolt It is strictly prohibited to use the device until it is properly grounded e Connect xDSL cable to xDSL line port with the help of RJ11 connector e Plug in the free end of xDSL cable to the cable box or intermediate cross Note The xDSL cable grounding must be connected to the line cable shield to reduce noise interference of the system e Connect the Data terminal equipment and the network interface socket with the appropriate cable e Connect Monitor socket on the device and the computer serial port with the help of RS232 9 pin cable Note The controlling computer must be grounded through the same grounding circuit as the FlexDSL device e Switch the device on The initialization takes of about 20 seconds When the time lapses the device is ready for configuring from the control computer Note The device must be disconnected from power during the installation DSL and computer connectors are described in Chapter 11 Version 1 0 Page 37 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethern
6. algorithms are described in detail in Bridging of local networks Route mode If the bridge functions are not enough the FG PAM SAN 4Eth R V1 device can work as a router The Ethernet traffic is encapsulated in accordance with RFC 1438 RFC 2364 RFC 2516 The FG PAM SAN 4Eth R V1 device implements static and dynamic routing algorithms These algorithms are described in detail in Routing of local networks Note Atthe point to point connection both device must be configured either as bridge or as router Version 1 0 Page 34 of 89 Flexpg User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 4 2 3 ATM interface From side of the G shdsl line interface the FG PAM SAN 4Eth R V1 device acts as a SHDSL modem that uses ATM protocol to transmit data This allows to attach it to DSLAM equipment of different manufacturers In the present version of the firmware ATM implements the following e multiprotocol encapsulation of heterogeneous LAN traffic into ATM cells AAL5 according to RFC 1483 e support of IP protocols over ATM and PPP over ATM e in the router mode there is established one PVC for the bridge RFC 1483 standard eight PVCs for IP over ATM one PVC for PPP over ATM e support of QoS elements UBR CBR VBR nrt e ATM UNI interfaces versions 3 0 3 1 4 0 4 3 Description of LEDs The following LEDs are used to display normal operation and alarms LED Stat
7. deluser Parameter None 7 3 10 4 Echo command The echo command enables and disables the LCP response the process of the control Version 1 0 Page 64 of 89 Flexpg User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG connection LCP is used to confirm the established PPP connection the interval time between the LCP responses can be changed gt pppoa gt echo 120 gt pppoa gt Command format echo lt interval time gt Parameter Interval Intervals between LCP responses The interval time lies in the range from 0 to 65535 seconds The default setting is 60 s If the parameter is 0 the function is disabled 7 3 10 5 Setllc command The setllc command enables and disables the logical connection control gt pppoa gt setllc enabl gt pppoa gt Command format setllc lt e gt nable lt d gt isable Parameter lt e gt nable The function of logical connection control lt d gt isable enabled disabled 7 3 10 6 Setqos command The setqos command sets the priority for the active connection of PPP over ATM pppoa gt setqos ubr gt pppoa gt Command format setqos lt ubr cbr gt Parameter UBR Sets the UBR priority CBR Sets the CBR priority 7 3 10 7 Setrip command The setrip command sets the RIP type for the active connection of PPP over ATM gt pppoa gt setrip 1 gt pppoa gt Command format setrip lt 1 2 1 amp 2 0 gt Parameter 1 Sets RIP1 2s Sets RIP2 1
8. 1 0 Page 84 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 14 1 Router 1 Application Type quick and press enter FlexDSL HyperT erminal el ala ele e gt gt node Please select bridge or router b r r r Current node is router gt gt quick R1483 v IPoR il PPPoAlp _ When the following message R1483 r IpoA PPPoA p appear type IpoA and press enter Version 1 0 Page 85 of 89 Flexpg User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG Enter the IP address which will belong to the router In our case it is 198 24 67 20 with mask 255 255 255 0 FlexDSL E HyperT erminal ole esi ele e gt gt node Please select bridge or routerz b r r r Current node is router gt gt quick R1483 v IPoR il PPPof p ipoa O PYC existed 5 PYCs available Ethernet IP 192 168 1 1 Version 1 0 Page 86 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG The system requires to enter VPI and VCI Type 8 and then press enter after it type 35 FlexDSL HyperTerminal D x Paitin paska Dun Cease llepenaua Cnpaska Die ex cls ei gt gt node Please select bridge or routerz b r r r Current node is router quick R1483 v IPoR il PPPoAlp ipoa D PYC existed 5 PCs available Ethernet IP 192 168 1 1 198 24 67 20 Subnet nask 255 255 255 0 255 255 255 0 YPI O 4095 8 NCIC1 65535
9. 2 Sets RIP1 x 2 0 RIP is not used Note The setrip command changes the PVC parameters first configured by the quick command see 8 2 9 or the setwanip command see 8 3 3 4 If the mentioned PVC is not found the system displays an error message 7 3 3 4 Setwanip command The setwanip command sets the IP address of the SHDSL WAN interface and the gateway of the selected PVC gt ipoa setwanip 8 35 216 71 89 12 216 71 89 3 gt ipoa gt Command format setwanip lt vpi gt lt vci gt lt wanip lt masknum gt gt lt gatewayip gt Parameter VPI VCI Sets PVC with the VPI VCI number Wanip Sets the IP address of the device WAN interface Musknum Sets the mask number Gatewayip Sets the gateway IP address 7 3 3 5 Show command The show command displays the IP configuration over ATM gt ipoa gt show IPoA setting FUNCTION VPI VCI CLASS Wan IP MaskNum GatewayIP RIP IPoA 8 35 ubr 216 71 89 12 24 216 711 893 0 Command format show Definitions VPI VCI Defines the used PVC with the VPI VCI number Wanip MaskNum IP address subnet mask Version 1 0 Page 59 of 89 Flexpg User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG GatewaylP Gateway IP address RIP The used RIP 7 3 4 Lan command The lan command puts the system into the menu of local Ethernet interface parameter settings gt gt lan gt lan Command format lan dhcpserver setdhcp setip show Parame
10. FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 3 1 4 1 MEGATRANS in brief Standard e Patent Ne 2001104235 20 004956 of the Federal Institute of Industrial Property e interoperability with the equipment of other manufacturers is not provided Transmission rate e 144 2064 kbit s Line code e CAP MEGATRANS Transmission medium e two pairs e possibility of the regenerator s installation up to 6 Usage e PNOs Competitive Local Exchange Carriers CLECs e creation of long haul digital routes with many regenerating segments e organization of trunk lines between PABX e increase of capacity of subscribers lines with the help of Digital Loop Carrier systems e high speed access to SDH networks Restrictions e two pairs are used for full stream transmission 3 1 5 Multispeed DSL MDSL technology The term SDSL was used for several years on the market It was referred to all solutions meant for the synchronous digital stream transmission over one pair This technology supports the possibility of line speed regulation over long haul distances The technology is implemented in MDSL and MSDSL the latter one having a different line code The MDSL technology uses 2B1Q line code The transmission rate varies from 144 to 2320 kbit s Regenerators are not used here Version 1 0 Page 15 of 89 Flexpg User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 3 1 5 1 MDSL in brief Standard e ETSI TS 101 135 e interoperabili
11. FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG During the dynamic address assignment the DHCP server assigns an address to the customer for a limited period of time It means that later the IP address can be reused by other computers The dynamic address assignment allows one to create IP networks in which the number of nodes exceeds the number of the IP addresses administrator has 3 2 3 Bridging of local networks Bridges are the simplest devices for logical network structuring They divide the transmission network medium into segments logical segments forwarding data from one segment to another if such a transmission is necessary i e if the destination address belongs to another subnet Bridges are data communication devices that operate at the data link layer of the OSI reference model They use addresses of computers and other devices Bridges control data flow handles transmission errors provides physical as opposed to logical addressing and manage access to the physical medium Bridges provide these functions by using various link layer protocols that dictate specific flow control error handling addressing and medium access algorithms The primary advantage of bridging is the upper layer protocol transparency Because bridges operate at the data link layer they are not required to examine upper layer information It means that that they can rapidly forward traffic representing any network layer protocol By dividing large n
12. amp 2 Sets RIP1 x 2 Version 1 0 Page 65 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG GE RIP is not used 7 3 10 8 Show command The show command displays the configuration of the current PPP over ATM connection gt pppoa gt show PPPoA setting Function VPI VCI CLASS RIP UserID Authentication PPPoA 8 35 cbr 1 nateks CHAP LLC Enable Echo is disabled gt pppoa Command format show Parameter None 7 3 11 Pppoe command The pppoe command puts the system into the menu of PPP over Ethernet settings The menu description will be given in the next version 7 3 12 R1483 command The r1484 command puts the system into the menu of RFC1483 encapsulation settings gt gt 1483 gt r1483 Command format r1483 delwanip lt all gt lt vpi gt lt vci gt setqos lt vpi gt lt vci gt lt ubr cbr vbr nrt gt setrip lt vpi gt lt vci gt lt 1 2 1 amp 2 0 gt setwanip setwanip lt vpi gt lt vci gt wanip masknum llc vcmux show Parameter Delwanip See 8 3 12 1 Setqos See 8 3 12 2 Setrip See 8 3 12 3 Setwanip See 8 3 12 4 Show See 8 3 12 5 7 3 12 1 Delwanip command The delwanip command serves to delete all or selected PVC gt r1483 delwanip all gt r1483 gt Command format delwanip lt all gt lt vpi gt lt vci gt Parameter Version 1 0 Page 66 of 89 Flexps User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunicati
13. bytes are the manufacturer s identifier and the other 3 bytes are uniquely assigned by the manufacturer itself For example 18 B7 34 39 AA FC Network address IP address It is assigned during the configuring of network devices by the administrator and does not depend on the physical address The address has a decimal representation and its length is 4 bytes It consists of two parts network number and node number Depending on the class of the network different quantity of bytes is assigned to the network number Symbol address DNS name for example www flexdsl ch It consists of several parts for example the computer organization domain name This address is used at the application layer IP address classes The network address consists of two logical parts network and node number The values of the first address bits mean what part of the address refers to the network number and what to the node number e Class A networks The network number takes one byte the other three show the node number in the network Class A networks can only have numbers in the 1 0 0 0 126 0 0 0 range Networks with number are not used and number 127 is reserved The node count must be more than 126 but less than 224 The first bit of the network address of Class A must start with O e Class B networks The network and node numbers take two bytes each Class B networks can have numbers in the 128 0 0 0 191 255 0 0 range The node count must be m
14. circumstances it was reasonable to use the existing telephone cables The new technology acquired the name xDSL Digital Subscriber Line do dd key x is a variable in the DSL technology where every word has its own meaning Thus the term Digital means that not an analogue but digital signal that was processed by one of line encoding methods is transmitted over pairs In fact the term xDSL points at this or that line code the distance of data transfer and maximal connection speed depend on it However some technologies for example ADSL can use one of the two line codes either Discrete Multi Tone DMT or Carrierless Amplitude Phase CAP The term Subscriber Line is referred to physical copper pairs of telephone cable or in simple words to direct wires The term DSL was originally referred to the ISDN technology but later was borrowed by the developers of xDSL technologies 3 1 1 Asymmetric DSL ADSL technology The most popular DSL technology ADSL was developed in Bellcore laboratory in late 1980s Standards Institutes assigned the use of carrier set modulation which acquired the name DMT to ADSL while another leading method received the name of Rate Adaptive DSL RADSL ADSL transmits downstream to the end user and upstream to the net The ADSL technology does not use 25 30 kHz frequencies used for a subscriber s access to public switched telephone network PSTN This provides simultaneous subscriber s access to d
15. command The quick command allows to configure the modem s parameters gt gt quick 0 PVC existed 8 PVCs available VPI 0 4095 8 VGI 1965535 7 35 Packet Filter Any Ip Pppoe a Add another PVC y n n Enable Spanning tree y n n Configuration MODE Bridge FUNCTION R1483 Spanning Tree Disable VPI VCI Package filter 1 8 35 ANY Preserve the configuration y n y Configuration will have no effect until after save and restart 22 Comand format quick Parameter none Definitions 0 PVC existed 8 PVCs Information line shows the number of available existing or available PVC VPI 0 4095 Enter the VPI decimal number VCQT Ll265535 Enter the VCI decimal number Packet Filter Defines the type of packet filtration Any Ip Pppoe All a Ip i or PPP p Add another PVC y n Continue or end the quick program Enable Spanning tree y n To enable disable the spanning tree algorithm Preserve the configuration y n To save disable the configuration Note The changes will be activated after the configuration is saved Version 1 0 Page 49 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 7 2 10 R1483 command The r1483 command puts the system into the submenu of RFC1483 encapsulation settings gt gt r1483 gt r1483 Parameter Delpvc See 8 2 10 1 Pfilter See 8 2 10 2 Setpvc See 8 2 10
16. ioiiue iain E 13 3 1 4 MEGATRANS technology 14 3 1 4 1 MEGATRANS in Brief seereis ieii 15 3 1 5 Multispeed DSL MDSL technology 15 3 1 5 1 MDSL in brief uio aasa a essasi 16 3 1 6 Multispeed DSL MSDSL technology 16 3 1 6 1 MSDSL in bref 16 3 1 6 2 Transmission medium ssssssseenee 17 3 7 Gshdsltechnology er need carre Gan eee e o EX FE 17 3 1 7 1 G shdsl in brief sssssssssssseenen 18 3 2 Local area network integration Access to lntemmet 18 3 2 1 TCP IP stack structure eeeeeeeeeeserireeesserirrrrtttstrrrrrrrttsserrrrennesent 18 3 2 2 Address assignment in IP networks 20 3 2 2 1 Automatic assignment of IP addresses 21 3 2 3 Bridging of local networks essssseessesssssrrrrrressessstrrrrnsstrrrrrrnrrnnessnt 22 3 2 4 Routing of networks eene 26 3 2 4 1 Routing components eeeeeeseeeereeerrrtsssrritttserrrrenersset 26 3 2 4 2 Routing algorithms RIP sssssssssseess 29 3 2 4 3 Internet Access through LANs NAT seseeesssesessseseeeseeee 29 4 DESCRIPTION OF THE DEVICE sesssessessssseeseeenne nennen nnne 32 4 1 1 Background RE 32 4 2 Operation mode nennen enemennnn enne nennen nnne nnne 33 4 2 1 G shdsl line interface EE 33 4 2 2 Ethernet 10 100 Basel mtertace ne 34 4 2 3 ATM Imtertace AEN 35 4 3 Description of Een RER 35 Version 1 0 Page 3 of 89 Flexps L User
17. its table to forward the traffic When one of the bridge interfaces receives the information unit the bridge seeks for the destination address in its internal table If the table contains an association between the destination address and any of the ports of this bridge excluding the one the information unit was received on then the unit is forwarded from the indicated port If such an association is not established the information is flooded to all ports except the inbound port Broadcast and multicast address messages are also flooded as in the previous case Transparent bridges isolate in segment traffic thus reducing the traffic clearly seen in each individual segment This improves the response time of the network seen by the user The extent of the traffic shortening and response time improvement depends on the volume of intersegment traffic relative to total traffic as well as the volume of the broadcast and multicast traffic One of the drawbacks that interferes with the transparent bridge algorithm is the presence of network loops It is shown in Fig 3 Version 1 0 Page 23 of 89 Flexpg User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG Network 2 Network Fig 3 Network with loops Suppose that host A sends an information unit to host B Both bridges receive this information unit and conclude that host A belongs to network 2 Unfortunately after host B receives two copies of the information unit fro
18. pair copper lines DSL This family of units represents G shdsl modems that have 64 2312 kbit s speed of data transfer The modern type of TC PAM encoding has the best characteristics of long distance data transmission and electromagnetic compatibility while working over one pair subscriber lines TC PAM can be deciphered as Trellis Coded Pulse Amplitude Modulation The essence of this encoding method consists of an increase of layer numbers encoding states from 4 as in 2B1Q to 16 and use of a special error correction mechanism This family of modems with different network interfaces G 703 Nx64 V 35 V 36 X 21 and Ethernet 10 100 Base T can be used as transfer systems between multiplexers routers and cross connection devices in different networks for example 1 for the organization of E1 2048 kbit s channels between Public automatic branch exchange PABX Digital Loop Carrier systems TDM multiplexing and terminal stations of mobile networks as well as their connection to SDH networks 2 for the organization of high speed communication channels data links in data transfer networks and connection of Internet providers access nodes 3 for the connection of remote working stations computers and small Ethernet branches to the office computer network and for integration of IP and IPX network segments for providing Internet access etc The Ethernet 10 100 BaseT interface allows an operator to provide services for the int
19. prompt For the main menu commands of level 1 the following invitation is displayed for the submenu commands of level 2 the following prompt is displayed gt submenu name gt For example shdsl Prompts indicate that the device is ready to accept programs Fig 19 shows the command menu structure of the bridge mode Fig 20 shows the command menu structure of the router mode The following rules are used to describe commands e the first level commands and special commands are numbered by three figures e the second level commands are numbered by four figures e parameters in angular brackets lt gt are obligatory to enter e parameters in direct brackets are not obligatory to enter e in real commands brackets are not entered they are used for description e after the command is typed press enter e symbol vertical line between parameters requires to type one of the listed parameters Note If a password is used as an access permission the time of the command input is limited and makes 10 minutes After the time lapses the password must be entered again Version 1 0 Page 39 of 89 User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Flexpse Telecommunications AG Ieumuuet moys I snjeis uedsjas GIS I I I xy sobjes Nous I
20. structured according to ITU T G 704 G 703 ITU T standard regulating electrical and mechanical specifications for connections G 704 ITU T standard regulating synchronous structures for the first and second hierarchical layers G 826 ITU T standard regulating errors and norms for digital lines Hub Local network concentrator repeater that serves to connect computers and other internetworking equipment to it IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Professional organization whose activities include the development of communications and network standards In particular the institute elaborated a group of standards 802 for LANs ANSI and ISO are members of IEEE IEEE 802 1d IEEE specification for bridges connecting LANs It describes an algorithm that prevents bridging loops by creating a spanning tree Internet Global internetwork connecting tens of thousands of national backbone networks and local networks worldwide Internet uses a set of IP IP Internet Protocol Internet network layer protocol It describes packet routing and device addressing the standard is used to transmit data units and IP datagrams over networks IP does not organize connections and guarantee delivery but provides packet transmission ISO International Organization for Standardization International organization that is responsible for the development of a wide range of standards including those relevant to networking
21. 1483 Spanning Spanning tr mode enabled disabled Pkt Filter The used packet filter 7 2 11 Restart command The restart command reboots the system gt gt restart NBfs2 Helium Family PP flash boot 6 1 0 25 22 October 1999 c Copyright Virata 1999 SDRAM size 0x800000 type 0x2 NPnNo Booting System start gt gt Command format restart Parameter none 7 2 12 Save command The save command preserves all the changes gt gt save Saving configuration Configuration saved Updating flash filing system NBfs2 Helium Family PP flash boot 6 1 0 25 22 October 1999 c Copyright Virata 1999 SDRAM size 0x800000 type 0x2 Version 1 0 Page 52 of 89 Flexps User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG NPnNo Booting System start gt gt Command format save Parameter none Note The save command restarts the system 7 2 13 Shdsl command The shdsl command puts the system into the submenu of the shdsl line gt gt shdsl gt shdsl gt Command format shdsl default enable terminal lt Coe gt lt CPe gt annex lt a b gt fix lt Rate gt adapt lt maxrate gt lt minrate gt status Parameter Default See 8 2 13 1 Enable See 8 2 13 2 Terminal See 8 2 13 3 Annex See 8 2 13 4 Fix See 8 2 13 5 Adapt See 8 2 13 6 Status See 8 2 13 7 7 2 13 1 Default command The default command sets the shdsl de
22. 3 Setqos See 8 2 10 4 Setspan See 8 2 10 5 Show See 8 2 10 6 7 2 10 1 Delpvc command The delpvc allows to delete one or all PVCs gt r1483 delpvc all gt r1483 gt Command format delpvc lt all gt lt vpi gt lt vci gt Parameter All Deletes all PVCs VPI VCI Deletes a PVC with a VPI VCI number 7 2 10 2 Pfilter command The pfilter command sets the packet filter for the mentioned PVC gt r1483 pfilter 8 35 ip gt r1483 gt Command format pfilter lt vpi gt lt vci gt lt any ip pppoeligmp none gt Parameter VPI VCI Sets PVC with the VPI VCI number Any This PVC passes any packet Ip This PVC passes only IP packet Pppoe This PVC passes only PPPoE packet Igmp This PVC passes only IGMP packet None This PVC does not pass packets Note The pfilter command changes the PVC parameters first configured by the quick command see 8 2 9 or setpvc command see 8 2 10 3 If the mentioned PVC is not found the system displays an error message Version 1 0 Page 50 of 89 Flexpg User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 7 2 10 3 Setpvc command The setpvc command activates PVC with a mentioned address gt r1483 setpve 8 35 llc gt r1483 gt Command format setpvc lt vpi gt lt vci gt Ilc vcmux parameter VPI VCI Sets PVC with the VPI VCI number LLC VCMUX Shows the encapsulation type according to RFC1483 7 2 10 4 S
23. 35 HAN IP Bpema noakmoyenua 0 07 10 ABToBbi60p 9600 8 N 1 SCROLL Z and press enter On request WANIP it is necessary to enter the interface IP address through which the connection with another router occurs In our case it is 216 71 89 12 Then the router requires to enter the gateway address to which all packets that belong to unknown networks will be sent 198 24 67 0 In this case router 2 will be this gateway Version 1 0 Page 87 of 89 Flexpg User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG Enter 216 71 89 3 FlexDSL HyperT erminal OF x Pain lpaeka Bug CBase Nepegaya Cnpaska Del 2l3 cls ei gt gt node Please select bridge or routerz b r r r Current node is router quick R1483 v1 IPoR il PPPofi pl ipoa D PYC existed 5 PYCs available Ethernet IP 192 168 1 1 198 24 67 20 Subnet nask 255 255 255 0 255 255 255 0 YPI O 4095 8 YCI 1 65535 35 HAN IP 216 71 89 12 Gateway 216 71 89 3 Add another PYC u n Bpema noakmoyeHua 0 10 28 AgroBbi6op 9600 8 N 1 SCROLL E Note IP addresses of WAN interfaces must be in the address field of one network In our case this is network 216 71 89 0 with mask 255 255 255 0 After it on request to add next PVC type n and press enter Then save the configuration and restart the modem 14 2 Router 2 Application The configuration of router 2 will differ only when we enter t
24. 4 Annex Commande 54 7 2 13 5 FIX COMMANA cceeeeccccccceceeeeeeeeceeceseecaeeeaseeeeeeeeeeaes 54 7 2 13 6 Adapt commande 55 7 2 13 7 Status Commande 55 7 2 14 Show commande 56 7 2 15 Ver command ccc cc ccc eecccccccseecseeeeececcceseeeaseeeecceccessesaaaesseeeeeeseeaaanaeess 56 7 3 Main menu of the router mode cc ceccccccccccsesesececeeeeeseeeseeeceeeeeeeeeeesaaeaaeees 57 7 3 1 Default command E 57 3 2 EISES EE EE ee EEN 57 Version 1 0 Page 4 of 89 Flexp SL Telecommunications AG Version 1 0 7 3 3 7 3 4 7 3 5 7 3 6 7 3 7 7 3 8 7 3 9 7 3 10 7 3 11 7 3 12 7 3 13 7 3 14 7 3 15 7 3 16 User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet 7 3 2 1 Setdnsip commande 57 7 3 2 2 SHOW COMMANMC WEE 57 8 3 3 Ipoa commande 58 7 3 3 1 Delwanip command nunt sien 58 7 3 3 2 S tqos command etda B tese perio AA 58 7 3 3 3 Setrip Commande 59 7 3 3 4 Setwanip Commande 59 7 3 3 5 Show eu WE 59 Lan COMMMANG oes sscici ees ened een eeevdetas deecstes taeatacecetetustatatnieeecee centers 60 7 3 4 1 Dhcpserver Commande 60 7 3 4 2 Setdhcp command E 60 7 3 4 3 SEP command EE 61 7 3 4 4 Show Commande 61 IeISt COMMMGNG asset ee eee ee ee EEEE TEE 61 Manage command tin E ee e e 61 Mode Command EE 61 Pat command rrr rte ee neues 61 7 3 8 1 Addpatin Commande 62 7 3 8 2 Delpatin commande 62 7 3 8 3 Setpat Commande 62 7 3 8 4 Show Commande 63 Ping command scicunenececi e elites teli eiiis 63 Pp
25. 9 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 7 2 3 Default command The default command sets the default settings gt gt default The data set to default successfully gt gt Command format default Parameter none 7 2 4 Lan command The Lan command puts the system in the Ethernet submenu gt gt lan gt lan gt Parameter Setip See 8 2 4 1 Show See 8 2 4 2 7 2 4 1 Setip command The setip command sets the device IP address This address is used for remote management of the device over Telnet or HTTP protocols gt lan setip gt 10 0 1 205 255 0 0 0 gt lan Command format setip lt etherip lt masknum gt gt subnet mask Parameter Etherip IP address of the device Masknum Network mask number Subnet mask Subnet mask 7 2 4 2 Setswitch command The setswitch command is used to configure the operation modes of the ports gt lan setswitch gt 1 100F gt lan Command format setswitch lt port gt lt 100F 100H 10F 10H AUTO gt Parameter port Portnumber 1 4 mode 100F 100Mbit fullduplex 100H 100Mbit halfduplex 10F 10Mbit fullduplex Version 1 0 Page 43 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 10H 10Mbit halfduplex AUTO autodetect 7 2 4 3 Show command The show command displays the IP configuration of the device gt lan gt show Ethernet ip 10 0 1 205 Subn
26. ABTOBbi60p 9600 8 N 1 SCROLL E WAN IP 216 71 89 3 Gateway 216 71 89 12 Now it is necessary to reinitialize router 2 After restart of the system let us check operability of the created network Enter the command ping 198 24 67 20 on router 2 The configuration is completed successfully Version 1 0 Page 89 of 89
27. AG 4 DESCRIPTION OF THE DEVICE 4 1 4 Background FG PAM SAN 4Eth R V1 is a device of Digital Subscriber Line DSL system used for data transmission over symmetrical physical copper lines The TC PAM line encoding technology G shdsl standard which was accepted by ITU as the only world standard of high speed symmetrical data transmission over one pair is used to transmit data over a twisted pair The device consists of the following e CPU with a firmware e memory unit e signal processor e power supply unit DC DC converter e Ethernet 10 100 BaseT network interface e management interface e line interface Fig 15 shows a structural schematic of the device lt Common Bus ZN RAM ROM Version 1 0 Page 32 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG Fig 15 Structural schematic of FG PAM SAN 4Eth R V1 The CPU enables control of all device s functioning units in accordance with the firmware and the parameters configured The CPU supports the Ethernet and RS 232 interfaces The memory unit keeps the control micro program temporary values and buffers Ethernet packets The setup of the parameters mode switching and system control are enabled though the management interface with the help of VT 100 type terminal or over Telnet and HTTP protocols through Ethernet The firmware loading can be implemented through the Ethernet interface as well The signal pr
28. H lexps FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG FG PAM SAN 4ETH R V1 Integrated Subscriber Access Device User Manual Version 1 0 Revision 4 March 2003 Document name UM FG PAM SAN A4Eth RV1 v1 0 doc Flexpg User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG Copyright 2002 by FlexDSL Telecommunications AG The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any part or as a whole transcribed stored in a retrieval system translated into any language or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical magnetic optical chemical photocopying manual or otherwise without the prior written permission of FlexDSL Telecommunications AG Published FlexDSL Telecommunications AG All rights reserved Version 1 0 Page 2 of 89 Flexps L User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG VERSION CONTROL oi cccciscccecececstececs cece cacteniocatecetacadeieiiesdecetieedecatscedeesticedaeeseaecaesdvescierdvne 7 1 INTRODUCTION pes 8 2 SPECIFICATIONS eeeessesiseeseeeeeseenn nennen nnn n nnn nns n nnn nns n nnn t nest nnne nns nnn 10 3 TECHNOLOGIES 1 piter EEN 11 3 1 XDSL technology background 11 3 1 1 Asymmetric DSL ADSL technology sseeeeeeeeseeeeererrrreeerrrnereeernne 11 3 1 1 1 LE NEE 11 3 1 2 ISDN DSL technology 12 3 1 2 1 IDSE In TE 12 3 1 3 High bit rate DSL HDSL technology sssseeeeees 13 3 1 3 1 IHDSL iri Drief
29. IN 1S0X9I4 Fig 20 Command tree of router mode Page 41 of 89 1 0 Version Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 7 2 Main menu of the bridge mode After the power is switched on the terminal screen displays the booting process NBfs2 Helium Family PP flash boot 6 1 0 25 22 October 1999 c Copyright Virata 1999 SDRAM size 0x800000 type 0x2 NPn te El GE System start gt gt The symbol gt gt means that the system is ready to accept commands Security password from an unauthorized access The system implements a security from an unauthorized access When the security from an unauthorized access is activated the system demands to enter the password password 22 The factory setting assumes no password protection If nevertheless after installation the modem asks for a password it might happen for example if somebody used or tested the device before please contact nearest FlexDSL service center or technical support team 7 2 4 Help command The help command displays prompts with a list of available programs One can receive detailed prompts about each command gt gt help gt gt Command format help command Parameter Command Any command available in the menu 7 2 2 Home command The home command returns the command line one level up gt shdsl gt home gt gt Command format home Parameter none Version 1 0 Page 42 of 8
30. ISO developed the OSI reference model defining standards intercommunication ITU International Telecommunication Union International body that develops worldwide standards for telecommunications technologies Version 1 0 Page 81 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG LAN local area network LANs connect workstations servers terminals printers and other devices in a single building or other geographically limited area LANs use special operating systems to transmit data at high speeds Several LANs form wide area networks WAN LTU Line termination unit MSDL Multispeed DSL Special method of DSL structure allowing to adapt the information exchange speed and bandwidth frequency of the line signal depending on the line quality and length NTU Network termination unit PVC Private virtual circuit POTS Plain old telephone service International term for analog telephone lines RJ11 Four or six pin connector used for telephone connections and fax machines and other types of network analog connections RJ45 Eight pin connector used in LANs and data transmission systems RS232 EIA standard for 25 pin simpler version 9 pin interface used to connect computers or terminals with communication equipment modem fax etc SDSL Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line Symmetrical DSL provides high speed 0 1 2048 Mbit s and more bidirectional transmission over one twis
31. Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 5 MECHANIC DESIGN cccccceeeseeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeassaaeeeeessseeeasaaaaeeeeesseoaaaaaaaeeeessseoaaanaas 36 6 EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION 2 2 2 cce rece eek eror cnn eek e ea E mcr nn nu E EAEKEKEEEAEN 37 7 PROGRAMMING GUIDE 1 eeeeeeeeeeeeee nennen enhn an nnnnnu ananas ansa sanam anna 38 4 ie Le Uer e ue e eec eene veka cuc uuu o eu need a EL u u RC ERE ERR ELS ROG ERAN NERA R R 38 7 2 Main menu of the bridge mode enn 42 7 2 1 Help fe Tue iioii iei t ret teer een EE EE 42 1 2 2 Home command etiaro pese ed Hi n aate ee e edd 42 7 2 3 Default commande 43 T 24 Can command nene eet cesse eere toes og 43 7 2 4 1 Setip Commande 43 7 2 4 2 Setswitch Commande 43 7 2 4 3 Show e Tunn e WEE 44 7 2 4 4 Switchlist commande 44 7 2 5 bist command eerie ra EE aR ra ved 44 1 2 00 Manage command ene ieee ett det 45 7 2 6 1 Setpass COMMANG WEE 45 7 2 7 Mode commande 47 1 2 9 Ping EHS Dee 48 7 2 9 Quick command esso rariss E e aaa 49 7 2 10 R1483 commande 50 7 2 10 1 Delpvc commande 50 7 2 10 2 Pfilter commande 50 7 2 10 3 Setpvc Commande 51 7 2 10 4 Setqos Commande 51 7 2 10 5 Setspan Commande 51 7 2 10 6 6 Show commande 52 7 2 11 Restart commande 52 7 2 12 Save commande 52 7 2 13 Shdsl command 5 5 uhunsco apo estet etes 53 7 2 13 1 Default commande 53 7 2 13 2 Enable commande 53 7 2 13 3 Terminal commande 54 7 2 13
32. actual SHDSL connection status gt shdsl gt status Config terminal coe Rate Mode adaptive Line Rate Rang MAX 2320 Status F W Version R1 2 Line Code PAM SHDSL SHDSL Standard ANNEX B Version 1 0 MIN 72 Page 55 of 89 Flexpse Telecommunications AG Last Failed Start Progress Attenuation Line Quality Avg Quality Receiver Gain XMIT Power Framer Status Current Rate Line Status gt shdsl gt User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet No failure PRE ACTIVATION NaNdB InfinitydB InfinitydB InfinitydB 0 0dBm Unknown 0x88 0 Handshake Command format status Definitions Config The device configuration Terminal The device type Coe CPe Rate Mode Line rate mode Manual Automatic Line Rate Range Line range rate in the automatic mode Status shdsl status 7 2 14 Show command The show command displays the modem IP address and active PVC settings gt gt show Ethernet ip 192 168 1 1 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 FUNCTION VPI VCI CLASS LLC VCMUX Spanning Pkt Filter Rfc1483 8 35 ubr LLC Disable ANY gt gt Command format show Definitions LASS LC VCMUX Spanning Pkt Filter S F VPI VCI e L Ethernet ip ubnet mask The device IP address Subnet mask Indicates the used protocol PVC number Priority Encapsulation type according to RFC1483 Spanning tree enabled disabled The used packet fil
33. ata transfer networks and PSTN over the same copper pair The original ADSL implies the presence of splitters both on LTU and NTU However ADSL without splitters found its use and acquired the name of ADSL Lite or G lite Later it was standardized by ITU T This standard supports downstream speeds up to 1 5 Mbit s and upstream speeds up to 512 kbit s 3 1 1 1 ADSL in brief Standard e G lite G 992 1 G DMT e T1 413 1998 e interoperability between equipment of different manufacturers Version 1 0 Page 11 of 89 Flexpse User Manual Telecommunications AG Transmission rate e Downstream e up to 6 8 Mbit s e up to 1 5 Mbit s for G lite e Upstream e up to 640 kbit s e up to 512 kbit s for G lite Line code e DMT e CAP Number of pairs e one pair Usage e public network operators PNO and Internet service providers Restrictions e Asymmetry 3 1 2 ISDN DSL technology FlexDSL Pam Ethernet The IDSL technology is based on the ISDN technology but without switching IDSL uses 2B1Q line encoding and has two B and one D channel capacity which allows to transmit data bidirectionally at 144 kbit s The necessity to transmit simultaneously voice and data served as a powerful spur to the further development of IDSL Thus the channel capacity is divided between voice unit and digital interface NTU 128 Voice is an example of a device implementing this mode 3 1 2 1 IDSL in brief Standard e T1 601 e interope
34. ble gt lan Command format setdhcp server disable Parameter Ethernet ip Ethernet interface IP address Subnet mask Ethernet interface subnet mask DHCP current setting DHCP server current settings DHCP ineffective setting DHCP server settings server disable 7 3 5 List command See 8 2 5 7 3 6 Manage command See 8 2 6 7 3 7 Mode command See 8 2 7 7 3 8 Pat command The pat command puts the system into the menu of NAT address translations settings gt gt pat gt pat Command format pat addpatin delpatin setpat show Version 1 0 Page 61 of 89 Flexps User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG Parameter addpatin See 8 3 8 1 delpatin See 8 3 8 2 setpat See 8 3 8 3 Show See 8 3 8 4 7 3 8 1 Addpatin command The addpatin command is used to translate private IP addresses into real in order to provide access to LAN resources from WAN pat addpatin pppoa 434 udp 192 168 2 134 gt pat Command format addpatin lt pppoa pppoe wanip gt lt port gt lt udp tcp gt lt serverip gt Parameter Wanip Real IP address Port The server port number to which the access is allowed Udp tcp Packet transmission protocols Serverip The local server address 7 3 8 2 Delpatin command The delpatin command deletes the addpatin command gt pat delpatin all gt pat Command format delpatin lt all gt lt number gt Parameter all Delet
35. cations AG 9 2 2 Surge safety Parameter Description Note The resistance between the ground terminal and isolated parts of the device 0 1 Ohm Insulation resistance of the device 20 MOhm normal climatic electrical circuit conditions gt 5 MOhm high temperature gt 1 MOhm high humidity Test voltage for ungrounded 500 V amplitude normal electrical circuit relative to the climatic conditions case of the device 300 V amplitude high humidity Test voltage of isolation of 500 V amplitude normal Without electrical circuit galvanically climatic conditions discharge disconnected with the ground 300 V amplitude high within 1 humidity minute Test voltage of 50 Hz accepted by gt 2000 Vms relative to Within 2 s the line interface ungrounded device elements gt 1500 Vims relative to grounded device elements 9 3 10 3 Climatic conditions The units are engineered to operate in the following climatic conditions air temperature 5 45 C relative air humidity 95 at 25 C The equipment preserves all its characteristics at 450 Torr 60 KPa The storage conditions 50 50 C The equipment can withstand all means of transport including airplanes i e it withstands the 90 Torr 12 KPa atmospheric pressure at 50 C 9 4 10 4 Guarantee The Mean Time Between Failure is not less than 3x104 hours The operating lifetime is no less than 20 years Version 1 0 Page 74 of 89 Flexpg U
36. cess to data in modern companies but the Ethernet technology does not allow to transfer data at long distances and create Wide Area Networks WANs xDSL can be used for the solution of this problem 3 2 1 TCP IP stack structure TCP IP became widely practiced with the development of the Internet all over the world It was engineered earlier than the OSI model and that is why differs greatly Fig 1 shows the TCP IP structure TCP IP protocols are composed of 4 layers Version 1 0 Page 18 of 89 Flexpg User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG Layer IV The lowest layer Layer IV corresponds to the physical and data link layers of the OSI reference model This layer in TCP IP is not regulated but it supports all the popular physical and data link layer standards for LANs this is Ethernet for WANs these are Point to Point Protocols SLIP Frame Relay However when a new LAN and WAN technology appears it is usually included into TCP IP stack because of a specially engineered request for comments RFC which determines the encapsulation method of IP packets into its frames Thus for the encapsulation of IP protocols into ATM cells there was engineered a special RFC 1483 method This method is used in FlexDSL PAM modems as well OSI model TCPAP layers stack layers Fig 1 Correspondence of TCP IP layers with the OSI model layers Layer Ill The next layer Layer Ill is a layer of internetwork int
37. cho interval time setllc lt e gt nable lt d gt isable setqos lt ubr cbr gt setrip lt 1 2 1 amp 2 0 gt show Parameter Adduser See 8 3 10 1 Chpass See 8 3 10 2 Deluser See 8 3 10 3 Echo See 8 3 10 4 Setllc See 8 3 10 5 Setqos See 8 3 10 6 Setrip See 8 3 10 7 Show See 8 3 10 8 Version 1 0 Page 63 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 7 3 10 1 Adduser command The adduser command activates VC assigning the VPI VCI addresses and sets the user s name and the password for PPP over ATM connections gt pppoa gt adduser 8 35 nateks chap New Password Confirm password again User account added successfully gt pppoa gt Command format adduser lt vpi gt lt vci gt lt userid gt lt chap pap gt Parameter VPI VCI Defines the used PVC with the VPI VCI number Userid User s name Chap pap Access check protocol 7 3 10 2 Chpass command The chpass command changes the password on PPP over ATM connections The password can contain no more that 20 letters or figures The uppercase and lowercase differ gt pppoa gt chpass Old Password New Password Confirm password again Password has been changed gt pppoa gt Command format chpass Parameter None 7 3 10 3 Deluser command The deluser command deletes the current PPP over ATM connection gt pppoa gt deluser gt pppoa gt Command format
38. cket addressed from the host 194 24 90 13 will contain a change in the IP header from 194 24 90 13 to 195 60 3 13 Dynamic Address Translation Dynamic translation is necessary when the number of addresses internal and external being translated is different however dynamic translation is sometimes used when static translation does not work The number of intercommunicating hosts will be limited in any case by the number of free available addresses on the NAT interface Dynamic NAT is more complicated because it requires to keep track of intercommunicating hosts and possibly even of connections in case when the information content must be modified at Layer 4 TCP for example For example it is necessary to translate dynamically all IP addresses in Class B network 138 201 into addresses of Class C network 190 200 112 Then each new connection receives an address from Class C network if there are available addresses there This technology in contrast with static translation introduces a new notion NAT table It is a rendition table of internal addresses and NAT interface addresses hereinafter NAT addresses Masquerading NAPT PAT The Port Address Translation is another case of dynamic translation Here we have only one external address behind which internal addresses are hidden there can be as many internal addresses as possible In contrast to the original dynamic translation PAT does not mean that there can b
39. cols Telnet SNMP MIB Il ILMI TFTP HTTP 9 1 3 SHDSL interface Parameter Description Transmission standard ITU T G 991 2 G shdsl Cable Symmetrical wire cables Number of pairs 1 Transmission rate 72 2320 kbit sw Line code TC PAM Version 1 0 Page 72 of 89 Flexpg Telecommunications AG User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet For transmission rate kbit s 200 264 392 520 776 1032 1544 2056 Frequency transmission range kHz 0 67 0 88 131 173 258 344 515 685 oooooo 9 1 4 Network interface Parameter Description Transmission rate 10 100 Mbit s Transmission medium UTP 10 100 BASE T Standard Ethernet ISO IEC 8802 3 Bridge IEEE 802 1d Encapsulation RFC1483 RFC2364 RFC2516 Routing RIP1 RIP2 static routing Protocols NAT PPP PAP CHAP DHCP 9 2 Power supply Parameter Description Input direct current voltage range 12 Volt Input alternating current voltage range 220 Volt 10 40 60 Hz Power consumption lt 10 Watt 9 2 1 Protection against dangerous affects The protection of the equipment against dangerous interfering affects meets the requirements of ITU U K20 K 21 Version 1 0 Page 73 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommuni
40. ct the service center e t is expressly recommended to use the same firmware version in all inter connected devices in order to provide their reliable operation e New firmware versions are available on the manufacturer s web site or in the provider s center 8 1 Firmware loading guide To update the device firmware it is necessary e Extract the file from the archive e Set the password e Open the tftplock key file with the help of a text editor and add your password in it e With the help of the ping command make sure that the system responds e In DOS enter xupgrade lt the device IP address gt for example xupgrade 192 168 1 1 e The new firmware version starts operating after the restart of the system Note It is recommended to follow the default command see 8 2 1 and to save the configuration before installing a new firmware version Version 1 0 Page 71 of 89 Flexpse Telecommunications AG User Manual 9 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 9 1 Interfaces 9 1 1 Monitor interface FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Parameter Description Interface ITU T V 24 V 28 RS232 Transmission mode Asynchronous Interface type DCE Terminal emulation mode VT100 Transmission format 8 N 1 Flow management XON XOFF Transmission rate 2400 57600 bit s 9 1 2 Network management interface Parameter Description Interface Ethernet ISO IEC 8802 3 Supported proto
41. d port is the port that connects it to the designated bridge In some cases two or more bridges can have the same root path cost For example in Fig 4 both Bridges 4 and 5 can reach Bridge 1 the root bridge with a path cost of 10 In this case the bridge identifiers are used again this time to determine the designated bridges The priority is given to LAN V of Bridge 4 over LAN V port of Bridge 5 Using this process all but one of the bridges directly connected to each LAN are eliminated thereby removing all loops between two LANs The STA also eliminates loops involving more than two LANs while still preserving connectivity Fig 5 Network after running STA shows the results of implementing the STA to the network shown in Fig 4 Comparison of these two figures illustrates that the STA placed Bridge 3 and Bridge 5 ports to LAN V into the standby mode Version 1 0 Page 25 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG we D me ial al Active port Blocking port Fig 5 Network after running STA The spanning tree calculation occurs when the bridge is powered up and whenever a topology change is detected The calculation requires communication between the spanning tree bridges which is implemented through configuration messages Configuration messages contain information identifying the bridge that is assumed to be the root root identifier and the distance from the s
42. ddiproute The addiproute command adds a new route in the routing table gt rtable gt addiproute 198 24 67 0 216 71 89 3 gt rtable gt Command format addiproute lt destip lt masknum gt gt lt submask gt lt gatewayip gt Parameter Destip lt masknum Address destination network mask Submask Subnet Gatewayip Gateway IP address 7 3 15 2 Deliproute The deliproute command deletes a route in the routing table rtable deliproute all rtable Command format deliproute lt all gt lt number gt Parameter all Deletes all routes from the table number Deletes the route with the number displayed by the show command 7 3 15 3 Show command The show command displays the routing table Version 1 0 Page 69 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG gt rtable show Routing Table No Destination IP SubMask Gateway IP 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 216 71 89 3 2 198 24 67 0 255 255 255 0 216 71 89 3 effective routing table Routing table is empty gt rtable gt Command format show Parameter No The routing number Destination IP Destination address SubMask Subnet mask Gateway IP Gateway IP address 7 3 16 Save command See 8 2 12 7 3 17 Shdsl command See 8 2 13 7 3 18 Show command See 8 2 14 7 3 19 Ver command See 8 2 15 7 4 Management using the HTTP server To start the HTTP server mode it is necessary to launch Internet Exp
43. e green green white white orange blue white white blue orange white white brown c OI as AIJNI gt brown white OI NI OI as C 5 N Version 1 0 FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Page 78 of 89 Flexpse User Manual Telecommunications AG 11 2 Cross over Ethernet cable The cable contains only two pairs Side A Color Side B 1 white orange 3 2 orange 6 3 white blue 1 6 blue 2 The cable contains four pairs Side A Color Side B 1 white green 3 2 green 6 3 white orange 1 4 blue 7 5 white blue 8 6 orange 2 7 white brown 4 8 brown 5 11 3 Monitor connector Device Computer DB9M DB9F DB25F 2 2 3 3 3 2 5 5 7 Version 1 0 FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Page 79 of 89 Flexpg User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 12 DELIVERY SET see the technical passport e Typically the delivery set includes e SHDSL modem e AC power adapter e Ethernet cable e User Manual in some cases can be made available on a disk or web site Version 1 0 Page 80 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 13 GLOSSARY DSL digital subscriber line Digital technology that provides high speed data transmission over physical wiring twisted pair used to connect telephones E1 Digital data rate of 2048 kbit s
44. e only one connection at a time To multiplex the number of connections TCP port information is used by this masquerading Thus number of simultaneous connections is limited only by the number of ports available Let us illustrate PAT functioning Version 1 0 Page 30 of 89 Flexpg User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG There is an internal network 191 167 0 and a router with a MAC address 193 200 150 5 A host from the internal network with an address 191 167 0 10 and TCP source port 1243 addresses web server 205 131 1 1 While passing through the NAT interface the outcoming packet will have the following changes in the IP header the source address is changed and the source port in the TCP header is changed from 1243 into for example 62300 The following change is then recorded in the Nat table Internal IP Port local NAT port 191 167 0 10 1243 61300 Thus when the web server s reply is received the Nat table will be updated and the packet addressed to port 61300 will be corrected the internal address will be then in the IP header and in the TCP header port 1243 now acting as a destination port Incoming connections are impossible with masquerading since even when a host has an entry in the masquerading table of the NAT device this entry is only valid for the connection being active Version 1 0 Page 31 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications
45. ending bridge to the root bridge root path cost and also the bridge and port identifier of the sending bridge and the age of information contained in the configuration message Bridges exchange configuration messages at regular intervals typically 1 4 s If a bridge fails causing a topology change neighboring bridges will soon detect the lack of configuration messages and initiate a spanning tree recalculation The FG PAM SAN 4Eth R V1 device implements both transparent bridge and spanning tree algorithms 3 2 4 Routing of networks The word routing means forwarding information through an internetwork from source to destination At least one node must be passed when transmitting data Routing is often contrasted with bridging The main difference between bridging and routing consists in the fact that bridging occurs at the data link layer of the OSI reference model while routing occurs at the network layer It means that routing and bridging use different information while moving it from source to destination It results in different way of implementing their tasks 3 2 4 1 Routing components Routing consists of two basic activities determination of optimal routing paths between source and destination and data transmission through network The latter is called switching Version 1 0 Page 26 of 89 Flexps User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG Optimal path determination The determination of the o
46. erconnection which enables packet transmission using different transmission media LANs WANs xDSL etc The Internet Protocol is used as the primary protocol of this layer session layer in terms of the OSI model All protocols connected with data collecting and updating of routing tables such as Routing Internet Protocol RIP refer to this layer This protocol is used in FlexDSL PAM modems Layer Il Layer Il is sometimes called basic The Transmission Control Protocol TCP and User Datagram Protocol UDP function at this level TCP provides reliable packet transmission using virtual links UDP as well as IP enables datagram application packet transmission It functions as a connecting link between network protocols and numerous application processes Version 1 0 Page 19 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG Layer Layer is called the application layer It contains a great number of application layer protocols and services Such widely used protocols as File Transfer Protocol FTP Telnet terminal emulation protocol Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP used in the e mail WWW protocols and many others belong to this layer 3 2 2 Address assignment in IP networks Any IP network device is characterized by the addresses of three groups Physical address It is a hexadecimal MAC address of the network adapter or port The MAC address is unique and is 6 byte long the first 3
47. erconnection of territorially distributed local networks to provide high speed access to Internet and to use FG PAM SAN 4ETH R V1 in applications that requires high speed data transmission The use of ATM technology makes it possible to connect FG PAM SAN 4ETH R V1 units to DSLAM devices of different manufacturers The units of this family subdivided into network termination NTU and line termination units LTU can be installed at the customer user premises and at the operator provider nodes respectively NTU NTU connections for instance for the connection of two local networks or LTU LTU connections for the connection of large nodes can be used to organize point to point connection It is possible to power the units locally with 12 Vpc and with a 220 Vac power adapter Version 1 0 Page 8 of 89 Flexps User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG The unit has the possibility for monitoring and management Different management protocols that are used in the firmware of the family allow one to implement 1 local management using a computer which supports the VT 100 type emulation of the terminal 2 remote monitoring and configuring over Telnet protocol remote monitoring and configuring over HTTP protocol 4 support of the FlexGain CMU SNMP agent for remote monitoring and configuring while working as a part of sophisticated networks under Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP The use of Flas
48. es all the connections Number The virtual connection number displayed by the show command 7 3 8 3 Setpat command The setpat command enables and disables real IP address translation in LANs The access list function will be added later gt pat gt setpat pppoa enable gt pat gt Command format setpat lt pppoa pppoe wanip gt lt e gt nable lt d gt isable Parameter Wanip Real IP address lt e gt nable lt d gt isable Enables disables the PAT function Version 1 0 Page 62 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 7 3 8 4 Show command The show command displays the PAT configuration gt pat show PAT enabled interfac Interface IP address IPoA 210 62 2 195 PPPOA QOO IOTO QOO cT PAT incoming table No i f name WanIP Port Protocol Server IP 1 pppoa 434 udp 192 62 2 134 2 210 62 2 195 232 tcp 192 62 2 166 gt pat gt Command format show Definitions Interface The used interfac IP address Interface IP address No The table serial number i f name WanIP The interface name WAN address Port Protocol Port and transmission protocol Server IP The server IP address 7 3 9 Ping command See 8 2 8 7 3 10 Pppoa command The pppoa command puts the system into the menu of PPP over ATM settings gt gt pppoa gt pppoa gt Command format pppoa adduser lt vpi gt lt vci gt lt userid gt lt chap pap gt chpass deluser e
49. et Telecommunications AG 7 PROGRAMMING GUIDE 7 1 Introduction The equipment has built in management and self testing functions The devices can be connected through the RS232 interface to the terminal or computer with a possibility of the terminal emulation for controlling and configuring Note The device primarily configured through the RS232 interface can be remotely controlled over the Telnet or HTTP protocols Management of devices of Sub Rack type The device rear panel contains the TTL management bus organized according to the point multipoint scheme The TTL RS232 layer translator is on the rear panel of the device The socket for the connection to the terminal is on the rear panel as well If ACU and CMU are installed in subrack the management socket is on the front panel To connect the terminal it is necessary to use RS232 cable While attaching the cable to the computer COM port make sure the port is not occupied by the other device drivers for example mouse The terminal must be configured in the following way e Transmission rate 9600 kbit s e Transmission format 8 N 1 e Flow management XON XOFF e Terminal type VT100 At any one time only one device in the card can be logically connected to the management interface The device is chosen in accordance with the slot number in which it is mounted To choose the necessary device type 96SN 1 where SN is the slot number Example to selec
50. et mask 255 0 0 0 Command format show Parameter none Definitions Ethernet ip IP address of the device Subnet mask Subnet mask 7 2 4 4 Switchlist command The switchlist command is used to display the current operation mode gt FlexDSL lan gt switchlist SwitchHub configuration Port 1 Auto Port 2 Auto Port 3 Auto Port 4 Auto 7 2 5 List command The list command displays the VC condition gt gt list Port ethernetl 0 edd TxPkts 0 0 RxPkts 0 0 Port shdsl 0 oamloop TxPkts 0 0 RxPkts 0 0 TxVPI VCI 0 0 R xVPI VCI 0 0 1 oamloop TxPkts 0 0 RxPkts 0 0 TxVPI VCI 0 0 R xVPI VCI 0 0 2 oamloop TxPkts 0 0 RxPkts 0 0 TxVPI VCI 0 0 R xVPI VCI 0 3 3 oamloop TxPkts 0 0 RxPkts 0 0 TxVPI VCI 0 0 R Version 1 0 Page 44 of 89 Flexps User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG xVPI VCI 0 4 4 bridge TxPkts 0 0 RxPkts 0 0 TxVPI VCI 8 35 R xVPI VCI 8 35 gt gt Command format list Definitions Ethernet port 0 Status of port N 1 TxPkts Transmitted packets counter RxPkts Received packets counter right error SHDSL port 4 Status of port N 1 TxPkts Transmitted packets counter RxPkts Received packets counter right error TxVPI VCI Number of transmitted VC RxVPI VCI Number of receiving VC 7 2 6 Manage command The manage command puts the system into the management submenu of the access to the device gt gt manage gt mana
51. etqos command The setqos command sets the priority for the active PVC gt r1483 setqos 8 35 ubr gt r1483 Command format setqos lt vpi gt lt vci gt lt ubr cbr vbr nrt gt Parameter VPI VCI Sets PVC with the VPI VCI number UBR Sets the UBR priority CBR Sets the CBR priority VBR Sets the VBR priority VBRNRT Sets the VBR NRT priority Note The setqos command changes the PVC parameters first configured by the quick command see 8 2 9 or setpvc command see 8 2 10 3 If the mentioned PVC is not found the system displays an error message 7 2 10 5 Setspan command The setspan command enables and disables the spanning tree mode for all PVCs gt rl1483 setspan disable gt r1483 Command format setspan lt Enable gt lt Disable gt Parameter Enable To enable the spanning tree mode for all PVCs UBR To disable the spanning tree mode for all PVCs Version 1 0 Page 51 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 7 2 10 6 6 Show command The show command displays the configuration of all the active PVCs gt rl1483 show FUNCTION VPI VCI CLASS LLC VCMUX Spanning Pkt Filter Rfc1483 8 35 ubr LLC Disable IP gt r1483 Command formate show Parameter none Definitions Function Defines the used protocol VPI VCI PVC number CLASS Priority LLC VCMUX Encapsulation type according to RFC
52. etworks into self contained units bridges provide a range of additional advantages First because only a certain percent of traffic is forwarded bridges diminish traffic passing through devices of all connected segments Second bridges act as a firewall for some potentially damaging network errors Third bridges allow communication between a larger number of devices than any single LAN connected to the bridge would support Fourth bridges extend the effective LAN length permitting the attachment of distant stations Types of bridges Bridges can be either local or remote Local bridges provide a direct connection of subnet segments in the same area Remote bridges connect subnet segments in different areas usually over telecommunication lines The FG PAM SAN 4Eth R V1 device belongs to remote bridges Remote bridging represents several unique internetworking challenges One of them is the difference between LAN and WAN speeds Vastly different LAN and WAN speeds sometimes prevent users from running delay sensitive network applications over the WAN Remote bridges cannot increase WAN speeds but they can compensate for the speed discrepancies by using buffering capacities If a LAN device capable of a 10 Mbit s transmission rate intends to communicate with another remote LAN device the local bridge must regulate the 10 Mbit s information flow in order not to overwhelm the 2 Mbit s serial link It is done by storing the incoming data in buffer
53. fault settings shdsl default gt shdsl gt Command format default Parameter none 7 2 13 2 Enable command The enable command activates the last settings of shdsl without them being saved and restarted gt shdsl gt enable gt shdsl gt Command format enable Version 1 0 Page 53 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG Parameter none 7 2 13 3 Terminal command The terminal command sets the device as the master or slave gt shdsl gt terminal coe gt shdsl gt Command format terminal lt Coe gt lt CPe gt Parameter Coe The device is configured as master Cpe The device is configured as slave Note When the two modems are connected according to the point to point algorithm one of the devices must be configured as the master and the other as the slave 7 2 13 4 Annex command The annex command sets the line code type in accordance with ITU T G shdsl gt shdsl gt annex b gt shdsl gt Command format annex a b Parameter a Sets the mode most suitable for the USA and Canada b Sets the mode most suitable for Europe 7 2 13 5 Fix command The fix command sets the manual mode of line rate adjustment gt shdsl gt fix 768 gt shdsl gt Command format fix lt rate gt Parameter rate Displays the rate at which the connection will be established Rate is calculated according to the fo
54. ge gt Command format manage setpass Parameter Setpass See 8 2 6 1 7 2 6 1 Setpass command The setpass command enables and disables the access password to the system Password setting gt manage gt setpass Password disabled New Password Confirm password again Password has been changed Saving configuration Configuration saved gt manage gt Command format setpass Version 1 0 Page 45 of 89 Flexpse Telecommunications AG Parameter none Definitions Password disabled New Password Confirm password again Password has been changed Saving configuration Password change manage setpass Old Password User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet The password is disabled Information line Enter a new password Confirm the password again The password has been changed Information line The new configuration is saved automatically after the dialogue is finished New Password press ENT ER to disable Confirm password again okKKKKKK Password has been changed Saving configuration Configuration saved gt manage gt Command format setpass Parameter none Definitions Old Password New Password press Enter to disable Confirm password again Password has been changed Saving configuration Password disablement manage setpass Old Password Version 1 0 Enter the old password
55. gt gt ipoa gt ipoa gt Command format ipoa delwanip setqos setrip show Parameter Delwanip See 8 3 3 1 Setqos See 8 3 3 2 Setrip See 8 3 3 3 Show See 8 3 3 3 7 3 3 1 Delwanip command The delwanip command serves to delete all or selected PVC gt ipoa gt delwanip all Command format delwanip lt all gt lt vpi gt lt vci gt Parameter All Deletes all PVCs VPI VCI Deletes the selected PVC with the VPI VCI number 7 3 3 2 Setqos command The setqos command sets the priority for the active PVC gt r1483 setqos 8 35 ubr gt r1483 Command format setqos lt vpi gt lt vci gt lt ubr cbr vbr nrt gt Parameter VPI VCI Sets PVC with the VPI VCI number UBR Sets the UBR priority CBR Sets the CBR priority VBR Sets the VBR priority VBRNRT Sets the VBR NRT priority Note The setqos command changes the PVC parameters first configured by the quick command see 8 2 9 or the setwanip command see 8 3 3 4 If the mentioned PVC is not found the system displays an error message Version 1 0 Page 58 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 7 3 3 3 Setrip command The setrip command sets the RIP type for the used PVC ipoa setrip 8 35 1 gt ipoa gt Command format setrip lt vpi gt lt vci gt lt 1 2 1 amp 2 0 gt Parameter VPI VCI Sets PVC with the VPI VCI number ls Sets RIPI 23 Sets RIP2 1 amp
56. h memory chips as read only memory ROM facilitates the loading of new firmware versions Version 1 0 Page 9 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 2 SPECIFICATIONS e High speed symmetric data transfer over a 135 ohm physical twisted copper pair according to G shdsl ITU G 991 2 e TC PAM line encoding e line speed from 72 kbit s to 2320 kbit s e automatic and manual line speed adjusting e Ethernet 10 100 Base T interface e bridge and router function e built in 4 port SWITCH on e AAL5 for ATM over SHDSL e function of traffic priorities e DNS support e built in DHCP server e NAT support e static and dynamic routing RIP e built in function of diagnostics and self testing e low power consumption e console port for local management e TELNET and HTTP management e built in SNMP agent e possibility of remote firmware loading through TFTP protocol e different types of mechanic design Version 1 0 Page 10 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 3 TECHNOLOGIES 3 1 xDSL technology background xDSL technology appeared due to the growing user s demand to high speed digital stream transfer over telephone copper pairs Operators had to organize the interconnection of backbone stations of cellular networks Digital Loop Carrier systems interstation connection and to provide high speed Internet access at minimal expenses In these
57. he IP address of the router wan interface and gateway On request of the router to enter Ethernet IP Subnet mask 0 0 0 0 it is necessary to enter Ethernet IP 198 27 54 10 Version 1 0 Page 88 of 89 Flexpg User Manual Telecommunications AG Subnet mask 0 0 0 0 255 255 255 0 On request of the router to enter WAN IP Gateway it is necessary to enter FlexDSL HyperT erminal Paitin paska Dun Cease Tlepenaua Cnpaska Del 23 cls ei gt gt ping 198 24 67 20 Press ESC to break ip ping reply received fron 198 24 67 20 ping reply received fron 198 24 67 20 ping reply received fron 198 24 67 20 ping reply received fron 198 24 67 20 ip ping reply received fron 198 24 67 20 ping reply received fron 198 24 67 20 ping reply received fron 198 24 67 20 ping reply received fron 198 24 67 20 ping reply received fron 198 24 67 20 ping reply received fron 198 24 67 20 ping reply received fron 198 24 67 20 ping reply received fron 198 24 67 20 ping reply received fron 198 24 67 20 ping reply received fron 198 24 67 20 ip ping reply received fron 198 24 67 20 ip ping reply received fron 198 24 67 20 ping reply received fron 198 24 67 20 ping reply received fron 198 24 67 20 ping reply received fron 198 24 67 20 ping reply received fron 198 24 67 20 FlexDSL Pam Ethernet ial x Bpema noaKknosenna 0 01 37
58. llowing expresiion n 64 i 8 8 where n is efficient capacity 1 lt n 36 and i is a header i 0 1 Rate can take the following values 2320 2312 2256 Version 1 0 Page 54 of 89 Flexpse Telecommunications AG User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet 2248 2192 2184 2128 2120 2064 2056 2000 1992 1936 1928 1872 1864 1808 1800 1744 1736 1680 1672 1616 1608 1552 1544 1488 1480 1424 1416 1360 1352 1296 1288 1232 1224 1168 1160 1104 1096 1040 1032 976 968 912 904 848 840 784 776 720 712 656 648 592 584 528 520 464 456 400 392 336 328 272 264 208 200 144 136 80 72 Note The fixed mode must be enabled on the master device 7 2 13 6 Adapt command The adapt command sets the automatic mode of line rate adjustment gt shdsl gt adapt 2320 72 gt shdsl gt Command format adapt lt maxrate gt lt minrate gt Parameter Maxrate Minrate Displays the maximal Displays the minimal rate of the connection rate of the connection Note The adaptive mode must be configured on the slave device If the manual mode is configured on the master device the line rate will be set according to the fix parameter of the master device If the automatic mode is configured on the master device the line rate will depend on the DSL line quality 7 2 13 7 Status command The status command displays the
59. lorer no less that Internet Explorer 4 0 In the window displayed enter the IP address of the modem to which you want to address In the field Login enter quest and in the field Password enter the password which was previously indicated using the manage setpass Otherwise the HTTP server won t launch All commands available using the HTTP server are identical to the commands presented in this technical manual Version 1 0 Page 70 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 8 FIRMWARE LOADING The device hardware allows to implement new possibilities and functions by updating its firmware To facilitate the firmware update there exists a command file The upgrade is implemented over TFTP It is recommended to update the firmware in the manufacturer or provider s supplier service center One should take into account the following items while loading the firmware e The firmware updating is the most responsible operation in the process of the device exploitation The staff mistakes and the device malfunctioning while updating it can lead to unexpected results e The firmware loading should not be done if it is not necessary One should not install new firmware if the possibilities it has are not used while running the device e The power supply must be stable during the firmware loading If there occurs a failure of power supply and the device starts malfunctioning it is necessary to conta
60. m host A both bridges again receive the same information unit onto their interfaces with network 1 because all hosts receive all messages of broadcast LANs In some cases bridges change their internal tables to indicate that host A is on network 1 When host B rep lies to the information unit of host A both bridges will receive and then ignore these replies since their tables will indicate that this destination address host A is on the same network segment as the information unit source Another disadvantage is cloning proliferation of broadcast messages in networks with loops Assume that the initial information unit of host A is a broadcast Both bridges will forward this information unit endlessly using the available network bandwidth and blocking the transmission of other packets on both segments To solve the above described problems there was engineered the spanning tree algorithm STA It preserves the benefits of loops eliminating their drawbacks The algorithm was published in the IEEE 802 1d specification The STA designates a loop free subset of the network s topology by placing those bridge ports that if active would create loops into a standby blocking mode Blocking bridge ports can be activated in the event of primary link failure providing a new path through the internetwork Figs 4 and 5 illustrate how the STA eliminates loops Version 1 0 Page 24 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunicati
61. nsmission through an internetwork its physical address changes however the address of the network layer protocol remains unchanged Fig 6 illustrates this process Source host PC Packet To Destination host Protocol address Router 1 Physical address Packet p Router 1 To Destination host Protocol address pir Router 2 Physical address Router 2 To Destination host Protocol address Router 3 Physical address Packet To Destination host Protocol address Destination host Physical address Packet Destination host Fig 6 Change of packet addresses Version 1 0 Page 28 of 89 FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Flexps User Manual Telecommunications AG 3 2 4 2 Routing algorithms RIP The rate of information processing and its trustworthiness depend on the routing algorithm But more complicated and high speed algorithms imply high requirements to the router s capacity Static routing algorithms are the simplest ones The network administrator establishes routing tables and they do not change until the network administrator changes them Algorithms of static routers are simple to design and they work well in simple networks with low traffic Dynamic routing algorithms are more complicated ones They adjust in real time to network changes They do this by analyzing incoming routing update messages If the router receives a message about a network change it makes updates it s routing table and
62. ocessor enables translation of data flow before it is transmitted over a line The signal processor also enables e structure generation of the SHDSL cycle word synchronization bits etc and its filling with data e synchronization flattening between the internal bus of the device and transmission on the line i e management of the stuffing algorithm The signal processor also controls the process of communication on lines and digital processing of the incoming signal The line interface includes a scheme with integrated into it Digital to Analog and Analog to Digital Converters input and output amplifiers with a programmed amplification and analog filters that are used to convert digital data into a signal and visa versa The device is powered from an in built 3 3 V or 5 V AC DC DC adapter The input voltage of the secondary power supply source is 38 72 0 V or 200 10 Vac The network interface unit converts the data signal layers of the device connected to network interface and data preprocessing in accordance with the configured operation mode of the network interface before the data is transmitted onto the chip 4 2 Operation mode This part contains the description of different operation modes of the device The operation mode can be changed locally from the control computer connected to the device management interface or remotely over Telnet HTTP protocols 4 2 1 G shdsl line interface Master Slave mode To start
63. ons AG ALl Deletes all PVC VPI VCI Deletes the selected PVC with the VPI VCI number 7 3 12 2 Setqos command The setqos command sets the priority for the active PVC gt r1483 setqos 8 35 ubr gt r1483 Command format setqos lt vpi gt lt vci gt lt ubr cbr vbr nrt gt Parameter VPI VCI Sets PVC with the VPI VCI number UBR Sets the UBR priority CBR Sets the CBR priority VBR Sets the VBR priority VBRNRT Sets the VBR NRT priority 7 3 12 3 Setrip command The setrip command sets the RIP type for the used PVC gt pppoa gt setrip 1 gt pppoa gt Command format setrip lt 1 2 1 amp 2 0 gt Parameter VPI VCI Sets PVC with the VPI VCI number 1 Sets RIP1 23 Sets RIP2 1 amp 2 Sets RIP1 u 2 0 RIP is not used 7 3 12 4 8 3 12 4 Setwanip command The setwanip command sets the IP address of the SHDSL WAN interface for the selected PVC gt r1483 setwanip 8 35 216 71 89 12 gt r1483 Command format setwanip lt vpi gt lt vci gt wanip masknum llc vcmux Parameter VPI VCI Sets PVC with the VPI VCI number Wanip Sets the IP address of the device WAN interface Version 1 0 Page 67 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG Musknum Sets the mask number Llc vcmux Sets the encapsulation type according to RFC1483 7 3 12 5 Show command The show command displays the r1483 configuration gt rl1483
64. ons AG X zZ 10 Dip D Designated port R Rest part V through 2 LANs Fig 4 Network before running STA The STA calls for each bridge to be assigned a unique identifier Typically this identifier is one of the bridge s Media Access Control MAC addresses plus a priority Each port in every bridge is also assigned a unique within that bridge identifier typically its own MAC address Finally each bridge port is associated with a path cost The path cost represents the cost of transmitting a unit onto a LAN through that port In Fig 4 path costs are noted on the lines emanating from each bridge Path costs are usually defaulted but can be assigned manually by network administrators The first step in spanning tree calculation is the selection of the root bridge which is the bridge with the lowest value bridge identifier In Fig 4 the root bridge is Bridge 1 Next the root port on all other bridges is determined A bridge root port is the port through which the root bridge can be reached with the least aggregate path cost This value i e the least aggregate path cost to the root is called the root path cost Finally designated bridges and their designated ports are determined A designated bridge is the bridge on each LAN that provides the minimum root path cost A LAN s designated bridge is the only bridge allowed to forward information units to and from the LAN for which it is the designated bridge A LAN s designate
65. ore than 28 but less than 216 The network address of Class B must have the first two bits equal to 10 e Class C networks The network number takes three bytes Class C networks can have numbers in the 192 0 1 0 223 255 225 0 range The node count must no be more than 28 The network address of Class C must have the first three bits equal to 110 e Class D networks The networks of this class have a special multicast address Class D networks can have numbers in the 224 0 0 0 239 255 225 225 range A packet with an address that belongs to Class D network will be received by all nodes that have this address The network address of Class D must begin with a sequence of 1110 e Class E networks The networks of this class are not used and they are reserved for Version 1 0 Page 20 of 89 Flexpg User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG future experimental usage Class E networks can have numbers in the 240 0 1 0 247 255 225 225 range The network address of Class E must begin with a sequence of 11110 4 bytes 1 2 3 4 Class A DI Network Ne Node Ne Class B 1 0 Network Ne Node Ne Class C 1 110 Network Ne Node Ne Class D 111 110 Multicast address Class E 111111110 Reserved Masks Network mask is a number consisting of four bytes It is a decimal number divided by dots and it is used together with the IP address A mask usually con
66. poa cormimarid u ierra ce ku e ku nae irin CX eel aue Eae CERA Eua 63 7 3 10 1 Adduser commande 64 7 3 10 2 Chpass commande 64 7 3 10 3 Deluser commande 64 7 3 10 4 Echo command seseeseeseseeeriirtseeresstrrrrrtetrrrrnnrrreesent 64 13105 S tlec ommand wisi nemen 65 7 3 10 6 Setqos Commande 65 7 3 10 7 Setrip Commande 65 7 3 10 8 Show Commande 66 Pppoe COMMANG EE 66 R1483 Commande 66 7 3 12 1 Delwanip Commande 66 7 3 12 2 Setqos Commande 67 7 3 12 3 Setrip Commande 67 7 3 12 4 8 3 12 4 Setwanip command sss 67 7 3 12 5 Show Commande 68 Quick command ee ee Le e e ex 68 Restart command seias iaaa anaa 69 Ee Eege E EE 69 3 15 1 Addiproute niece e aes 69 7 3 15 2 Deltproute AAA 69 7 3 15 3 Show Commande 69 SAVE COMMMANG EE 70 Page 5 of 89 Flexpg User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 10 11 12 13 14 LIAT Shdsl COMMANG 2 mn2nhonpeinen Aiea Ue 70 7 9 48 Show COMMAN WEE 70 K E We ul Le WEE 70 7 4 Management using the HITb sener een 70 FIRMWARE LOADING iscsceccecscceccecaitcecciaicec escent Lecce eA teed deed 71 8 1 Firmware loading oude AE 71 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS eeeeesseeeeeeeeeenenee nennen nnnnnnnn nnne nnne nnne 72 GE Wu ale 72 9 1 1 leinen Ee 72 9 1 2 Network management mtertace 72 9 1 3 SHDSL interface seisine aha aab ENEE 72 9 14 4 Network irit rface i s Lire AEN ERR S Ud 73 9 2 Power supply EE 73 9 2 1 Pro
67. ptimal path is based on different standards of measurement for example path length and metric Routing algorithms calculate path indexes to determine the optimal path to destination To facilitate the process of path determination routing algorithms initialize and maintain routing tables which contain the routing information This information changes depending on the routing algorithm used Routing algorithms fill in routing tables with different information Destination next hop combinations tell a router that a destination can be reached through the shortest path by sending a packet to a particular router representing the next hop on the way to the final destination When the router receives an incoming packet it checks the destination address and makes an attempt to associate this address with a next hop An example of a routing table is shown below Destination address Next hop 27 Router A 57 Router B 17 Router C 24 Router A 52 Router A 16 Router B 26 Router A Routing table also contain other information Metrics represent information about the desirability of a path or a route Routers compare metrics to determine the optimal routes Metrics differ depending on the routing algorithms being used A variety of common metrics will be described below in this chapter Routers communicate with each other and maintain their routing tables by transmitting various messages One of these mes
68. r of IP addresses NAT allows private IP networks using unregistered addresses to get an access to Internet resources NAT functions are configured on a border router dividing Intranet and Internet networks If necessary to change internal address system instead of a complete change of all the addresses and this is quite a pain taking process NAT allows to translate them according to the new address plan If there is a necessity to divide traffic on the basis of TCP ports NAT makes it possible to Version 1 0 Page 29 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG map local addresses with one external address using TCP load distribution function NAT functioning The NAT technology defines as it is stated in the RFC 1631 standard the ways of IP address translation used in one network into another network addresses There exists three basic principles of address translation static dynamic and masquerading Static Network Address Translation With the help of this concept NAT can organize translation between the same class networks For example when each of two networks contain one address mask 255 255 255 255 This strategy is the simplest because the translation can be described by a couple of simple logical transformations Let us cite an example of address translation from two Class C networks 194 24 90 and 195 60 3 While passing through NAT to the sender s address field the pa
69. rability between equipment of different manufacturers at the U interface layer Version 1 0 Page 12 of 89 Flexpg User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG Transmission rate e up to 144 kbit s e up to 64 kbit s voice channel in NTU 128 Voice Line code e 2B1Q Transmission medium e one pair e possibility of the regenerator s installation Usage e PNOs and providers of Internet services e commercial operators e integration of LANs Restrictions e low speed e impossibility of transmission rate adjusting 3 1 3 High bit rate DSL HDSL technology The HDSL technology allows to transmit synchronous digital data at 1 54 or 2 048 Mbit s speed over two copper pairs This standard was accepted by European Telecommunication Standards Institute 2B1Q or CAP 64 are used as line codes The data transmission rate over each pair is 1168 kbit s the decrease of linear rate is not provided The 2B1Q encoding HDSL technology allows to connect up to 3 remotely powered regenerators 3 1 3 1 HDSL in brief Standard e ETSI TS 101 135 e interoperability between equipment of different manufacturers is not provided Version 1 0 Page 13 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG Transmission rate e 1168 kbit s over each pair 2 Mbps over two pairs Line code e 2B1Q e CAP 64 Transmission medium e two pairs e possibility of the regenerator s installation up to 3 Usage
70. rrent mode is The current mode is bridge bridge Version 1 0 Page 47 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG Router mode setting gt gt mode Please select bridge or router b r b r Current mode is router gt gt Command format mode Parameter none Definitions Please select Select the operation mode bridge or router bridge router Current mode is The current mode is bridge router Note The mode command changes the list of available commands in the main menu 7 2 8 Ping command The ping command enables testing and allows to check the network efficiency gt gt ping 10 0 1 55 gt gt Press ESC to break gt gt ip ping reply received from 10 0 1 55 gt gt ip ping reply received from 10 0 1 55 gt gt ip ping no reply received gt gt ping 299 999 gt gt Invalid IP gt gt Command format ping lt ipaddress gt Parameter Ipaddress The IP address of the destination device Definitions ip ping reply The packet reached the destination received from successfully SAN SAN SAN SAN ip ping no reply i The packet did not reach the received destiation Invalid IP The invalid IP address of the destination device Version 1 0 Page 48 of 89 Flexps User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG Note The ping command can be stopped by pressing Esc 7 2 9 Quick
71. s and transmitting it over a serial link This can be achieved only for short bursts of data that do not overwhelm the bridge s buffering capacity The FG PAM SAN 4Eth R V1 device implements transparent bridge and spanning tree Version 1 0 Page 22 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG algorithms The transparent bridge is called so because its presence and operation is transparent to all network hosts A bridge builds its own address table while passively monitoring the traffic At this stage it extracts the information about source addresses of data frames The source address shows that it belongs to a certain node of this or that network segment Fig 2 shows the creation of an address table of a simple network consisting of two segments Fig 2 Simple network 1 2 3 4 LI L1 Port 1 Port 2 D Segment SO em L Segment 2 1 3 Bridge MAC address Port 1 1 2 1 3 2 4 2 Each port work as an end node of the network segment Originally the bridge does not know what nodes with what MAC addresses are connected to each of its port That is why it sends any received frame to all ports excluding the port from which the frame was received Simultaneously the bridge studies the source address of the frame and fills its table what port of a MAC address belongs to this or that segment Later the bridge uses
72. sages is the routing update The routing update usually includes all or a part of a routing table By analyzing routing update information from all routers any router can build a detailed picture of network topology Another example of a message exchange between routers is a link state advertisement Link state advertisements inform other routers about sender s link states Link information also can be used to build a full picture of network topology After the network topology is determined routers can determine optimal paths to destinations Switching Switching algorithms are relatively simple and are basically the same for most routing protocols In most cases a host determines the necessity of sending a packet to another host Having received a router s address the source host sends a packet addressed Version 1 0 Page 27 of 89 Flexpg User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG specially to a router s physical MAC layer address however the packet contains network layer protocol address of the destination host After checking the packet s destination protocol address the router determines whether the destination address is in the routing table If the router did not find the address in the routing table it typically drops the packet If the router knows where to forward the packet it changes the destination physical address to that of the next hop and transmits the packet During the packet tra
73. sends out this information to all the nodes The Routing Information Protocol RIP implemented in FG PAM SAN 4Eth R V1 modems is a dynamic routing protocol RIP routing tables contain information about packet destination next hop and hop counts metrics The routing table can also contain other information such as timers Destination Next hop Distance Timers Flags Network A Router 1 3 t1 t2 t3 X Y Network B Router 2 5 t1 t2 t3 X Y Network C Router 1 2 t1 t2 t3 X Y RIP supports only optimal routes to destinations If new information provides a better route this information updates the old one Changes in the network topology can cause changes in the routes resulting for example in creation of better routes to a definite destination If the network topology changes these changes are reflected in updating messages For example when a router find a failure of one of the links or another router it recalculates its own routes and sends out routing updates Each router that receives routing update messages includes changes to its tables and sends them out 3 2 4 3 Internet Access through LANs NAT The Network Address Translation technology allows one to solve to main problems the Internet faces now This is a restriction of the address space of IP and routing scaling If necessary to get an Internet access when the number of network nodes connected to the Internet provider is bigger that the numbe
74. ser Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 9 5 10 5 Physical dimensions Stand Alone dimensions weight 220 mm x 170 mm x 40 mm 0 5 kg Version 1 0 Page 75 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 10 CONNECTORS DESCRIPTION 10 1 SHDSL connector Type RJ 11 4 pin Pin Signal Description Eo RN SHDSL pair ring A INC 1 6 DB9 9 5 female 10 2 Monitor connector Type Sub D9 female hw Lil NC TXD RXD Receive data OI Goal O SGND Signal ground DA_NC Urgent Alarm contact normally closed For Mini Rack units DA_NO Urgent Alarm contact normally open For Mini Rack units ND_NC Non Urgent Alarm contact normally closed For Mini Rack units ND_NO Non Urgent Alarm contact normally open For Mini Rack units re e Version 1 0 Page 76 of 89 Flexps User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 10 3 Ethernet 10 100 BaseT connector RJ45 Type RJ 45 Description Tx Tx Rx NC NC Rx NC NC Version 1 0 Page 77 of 89 Flexpse Telecommunications AG 11 DESCRIPTION OF INTERFACE CABLES 11 1 Direct Ethernet cable The cable contains two pairs User Manual Side A Color 1 white orange orange white white blue 2 3 6 blue white The cable contains four pairs Side A Color Side B whit
75. show RFC1483 setting FUNCTION VPI VCI CLASS LLC VCMUX Wan IP MaskNum RIP Rfc1483 8 35 ubr LLC 216 71 89 12 24 1 r1483 Command format show Definitions VPI VCI Defines the used PVC with the VPI VCI number Wanip MaskNum IP address subnet mask Class Connection priority RIP The used RIP 7 3 13 Quick command The quick command allows to set quickly the connection with the help of prompts gt gt quick R1483 r IPoA i PPPoA p i 0 PVC existed 5 PVCs available Ethernet IP 192 168 1 1 198 24 67 20 Subn t mask 255 255 255 0 255 255 255 0 VPI 0 4095 8 VCI 1 65535 35 WAN IP 216 71 89 12 Gateway 216 71 89 3 Setup Configuration FUNCTION IPOA Ethernet IP 198 24 67 20 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 VPI VCI WAN IP Gateway IP 128 35 216 71 99 12 2164 11 89 3 Preserve the configuration y n y Continue quick y n n Configuration will have no effect until after save and restart gt gt Command format quick Version 1 0 Page 68 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 7 3 14 Restart command See 8 2 11 7 3 15 Rtable command The rtable puts the system into the menu of routing table settings gt gt rtable gt rtable gt Command format rtable addiproute deliproute show Parameter Addiproute Deletes all the connections Deliproute The virtual connection number displayed by the show command Show 7 3 15 1 A
76. t the modem mounted in slot 3 type 9003 1 The unit in the card displays SN after the ECHO command is entered where SN is the slot number After typing ECHO the operator will receive a response from LTU devices as it is shown below ECHO 01 02 08 10 11 12 Version 1 0 Page 38 of 89 Flexpg User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG Management of devices of Mini Rack and Stand Alone type The management terminal is connected to the MONITOR socket DB9 type which is on the front for devices of the Mini Rack type or rear for the devices of the Stand Alone type panels The requirements to the terminal configuration are similar to those of Sub Rack devices After the power is on the computer displays information about the device firmware loading Command structure The device is configured and controlled by using command line interface called command menu To facilitate the process the commands are divided into hierarchical groups called levels The command of the first level can have subcommands All subcommands are on the second level Besides there are special commands that do not form part of hierarchical groups Commands may have one or several parameters When one enters such commands it is necessary to use a space character SP to divide command names and each of the parameters To facilitate the process of the command recognition the monitor displays this or that
77. tains decimal numbers 255 The use of masks allows to provide users with narrow address ranges compared to networks of different classes The least dedicated range without masks is Class C network i e 256 addresses Using masks the entry 192 168 1 253 mask 255 255 255 252 defines the address 192 168 1 253 in the subnet of four address range from 192 168 1 252 to 192 168 1 255 3 2 2 1 Automatic assignment of IP addresses The administrator can assign IP addresses to network devices either manually or automatically If there are many devices in the network the address assignment is a long and painstaking process Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP was developed to facilitate this process The primary task of DHCP is dynamic IP address assignment However besides dynamic DHCP can support simpler means of manual and automatic statistic address assignment The administrator takes active part during the manual procedure of address assignment He presents information about correspondence of IP addresses to MAC addresses or other customer s identifiers to DHCP server During the automatic static address assignment the DHCP server assigns a free IP address from the IP address range without reference to the administrator The boundaries of the address range are given by the administrator during the DHCP server configuration In this case the IP address remains the same all the time Version 1 0 Page 21 of 89 Flexpg User Manual
78. tection against dangerous affecls rrerererrereeeerne 73 9 2 2 SUMS safety cunososseseuii esau int in thes bas kbisbiin aes bias th isties di aks 74 9 3 10 3 Climatic conditions 74 OA 30 4 EE 74 GEWEIT le TEE 75 CONNECTORS DESCRIPTION inicr nne lo tonno i ie e innuere ce rene 76 10 1 SHDSL une 76 10 2 Monitor Conpechor nennen nennen nnn nennen 76 10 3 Ethernet UbBaseflconpnechot enne 77 10 4 Power connector For FG PAM MRN 4Eth R Error Bookmark not defined DESCRIPTION OF INTERFACE CABLES eee nier naar nada 78 11 1 Direct Ethernet cable sesssssse emere nnns 78 11 2 Cross over Ethernet cable ennemis 79 11 3 Monitor conpnechor emen nnnne nnne nnne rn enean nsns senis 79 DELIVERY SE E 80 GLOSSARY EE 81 EXAMPLE OF NETWORK CONFIGURATION eene nnne 84 14 1 Router 1 Application EE 85 14 2 Router 2 Application sssssssssseeenem enne 88 Version 1 0 Page 6 of 89 Flexp SL Telecommunications AG VERSION CONTROL User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Version Date Major changes to previous version 1 0 4 March 2003 First version Version 1 0 Page 7 of 89 Flexps User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 1 INTRODUCTION The FG PAM SAN 4Eth R V1 network and line termination unit is a part of the FlexDSL PAM family constructed for the organization of high speed communication channels over one
79. ted pair The transmission rates in both directions are equal SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol Network administration protocol which is widely used nowadays The network management is included in the TCP IP stack Splitter Devices representing a combination of filters and allowing to transmit analog telephone signals together with digital data TDM Time Division Multiplexing SDH Version 1 0 Page 82 of 89 Flexpg User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG Synchronous Digital Hierarchy VPI Virtual Path Identificator VCI Virtual Channel Identificator Version 1 0 Page 83 of 89 Flexpg User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 14 EXAMPLE OF NETWORK CONFIGURATION Consider the following example of router configuration in FG MDSL SAN 4Eth R modems Fig 13 shows the network structure N mmj 216 74 89 42 216 71 89 3 mmm H Router1 Router2 198 24 67 20 24 194 27 54 10 24 Fig 13 network FlexDSL HyperTerminal Iof x Pain paska Dun Cease Nepegaya Cnpaska Del 2l3 cls gt gt node Please select bridge or router b r r r Current node is router Bpema nogkatoyenua 0 00 27 AgroBbi op 9600 8 N 1 SCROLL Z With the help of the mode command select the routing mode for the modem The following message notifies you that the current mode now is router Then we should configure each of the routers Version
80. ter 7 2 15 Ver command The ver command displays the firmware version gt gt ver Version 1 0 Page 56 of 89 Flexpg User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG Version 1 523102rB XA0 1 523102rB XA0 H02 1302 FR12 230B 15 Jun 2001 11 30 gt gt Command format ver 7 3 Main menu of the router mode 7 3 1 Default command See 8 2 1 7 3 2 Dnsrelay command The dnsrelay command puts the system into the submenu of dns parameters gt gt dnsrelay gt dnsrelay gt Command formate dnsrelay setdnsip lt dnsip gt lt retry times gt show Parameter Setdnsip See 8 3 2 1 Show See 8 3 2 2 7 3 2 1 Setdnsip command The setdnsip command sets the DNS server address gt dnsrelay gt setdnsip 10 0 0 50 3 Command format dnsrelay setdnsip lt dnsip gt lt retry times gt Parameter Dnsip IP address of the DNS server Retry times The number of retry connections with the server 7 3 2 2 Show command The show command displays the DNS current settings and server connection status gt dnsrelay gt show DNS server ip 0 0 0 0 Retry times 3 DNS relay status DNS server address discovery incomplete gt dnsrelay gt Command format show Parameter Version 1 0 Page 57 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG None 7 3 3 8 3 3 Ipoa command The ipoa command puts the system into the menu of connection settings of IP over ATM
81. ter Dhcpserver See 8 3 4 1 Setdhcp See 8 3 4 2 Setip See 8 3 4 3 Show See 8 3 4 4 7 3 4 1 Dhcpserver command The dhcpserver command sets the operation mode of the in built DHCP server DHCP Mode Server gt lan Command format dhcpserver range1 startIP gt range1 endIP gt range2 startIP gt range2 endIP lt max lease time gt dhcpserver dns dns ip1 gt dns ip2 gt Parameter Rangel startIP The starting IP address of the first range Rangel endIP The end IP address of the first range Range2 startIP The starting IP address of the second range Range2 endIP The end IP address of the second range Max lease time Lease time of the address Dns ipl IP address of the first DNS Dns ip2 IP address of the second DNS 7 3 4 2 Setdhcp command The setdhcp command activates or deactivates the DHCP server lan setdhcp disable DHCP is set to disable gt lan Command format setdhcp server disable Parameter Version 1 0 Page 60 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG Server DHCP server is active Disable DHCP server is not active 7 3 4 3 Setip command See 8 2 4 1 7 3 4 4 Show command The show command displays the configuration of the built in DHCP server and the Ethernet interface address lan show Ethernet ip 198 24 67 20 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 DHCP current setting disable DHCP ineffective setting disa
82. ty between equipment of different manufacturers at the level of DSL chips Transmission rate e 144 2320 kbit s Line code e 2B1Q Transmission medium e one pair e impossibility of the regenerator s installation Usage e Internet service providers e access to Internet e integration of LANs Restrictions e the shortest distance of data transfer over one wire compared to other technologies 3 1 6 Multispeed DSL MSDSL technology The MSDSL technology is a further development of the MDSL technology It allows to run over longer distances because of using a more progressive line code CAP In addition it is possible to install a CAP splitter which allows to use the copper pair for both data transfer and telephone connection The technology supports the installation of a line regenerator However the spectral characteristics of the CAP code interfere with other xDSL systems running over the neighboring pairs in the same cable The ADSL technology is exposed to the greatest influence 3 1 6 1 MSDSL in brief Standard Version 1 0 Page 16 of 89 Flexpg User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG e ETSI TS 101 135 e interoperability between equipment of different manufacturers is not provided Transmission rate e 144 2064 kbit s Straight line code e CAP8 CAP128 3 1 6 2 Transmission medium e one pair e one regenerator Usage e PNOs Internet service providers e access to Internet
83. up a link between two devices one system must be configured as master and the other as slave Moreover the link start up is controlled by the COE Central Office Equipment unit It is impossible to start up a link in the COE COE or CPE CPE configuration The devices are delivered in the CPE Customer Premises Equipment mode default setting Version 1 0 Page 33 of 89 Flexpse User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG Connection at a fixed speed Fixed Mode The devices can communicate at a fixed speed The line speed adaptation to the line parameters will not take place i e the communication will be at a fixed speed even if the line allows higher speeds COE is configured for fixed speeds while CPE is configured for adaptive mode Connection with an automatic speed regulation Adaptive mode To simplify the setup the devices can automatically adjust the line rate they adapt to the line quality The lack of lost packets during the test time is the criterion of the optimal line rate adjustment The adaptive mode is set on both COE and CPE devices 4 2 2 Ethernet 10 100 BaseT interface The Ethernet interface functions depend on the device operation modes Bridge mode The bridge mode is used to connect LANs The algorithm of the Ethernet traffic encapsulation into ATM is used in accordance with RFC 1483 The FG PAM SAN 4Eth R V1 device implements both the transparent bridge or spanning tree algorithms These
84. us OFF ON BLINKING Failure or start of the Low quality of the line Alarm Normal operation f device BER gt 15 NE mL Synchronization is in Synch Dsl line is not connected Synchronization is set up process The packet exchange The Ethernet is not between shdsl and Link The Ethernet is connected connected Ethernet modules of the devices The Ethernet packet is Act received Power is off Power Pwr i is on The hub port is not active The Link hub 1 2 3 4 port is i active 100M The chosen rate is 10 The chosen rate is 100 1 2 3 4 Mbit Mbit FDX Halfduplex Fullduplex 1 2 3 4 Version 1 0 Page 35 of 89 Flexps User Manual Telecommunications AG 5 MECHANIC DESIGN FlexDSL Pam Ethernet 1 Its a compact unit to be mounted on the tabletop desktop or another horizontal surface Fig 18 FG PAM SAN 4Eth R V1 top view The front panel of the device has five LEDs LINK SYNCH ALARM O O O Fig 19 FG PAM SAN 4Eth R V1 front panels DC IN MONITOR x4 x2 xa x4 Fig 20 FG PAM SAN 4Eth R V1 rear panel Version 1 0 Page 36 of 89 Flexps User Manual FlexDSL Pam Ethernet Telecommunications AG 6 EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION The installation and connection of the FlexDSL PAM devices is implemented in the following order e before the installation make sure that the set is complete e mount the device in 19 shelf for the devices of the Sub Rack type

FG-PAM-SAN-4ETH-R, V1

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