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1. FOREIP Switch Configuration AM T FOREIP Switch Configuration ForeView 50 Module 6 Page Network Troubleshooting Problem Isolation One Switch Problems Connected Pair of Switches Problems All Switches Related to a Connection Problem Continued on next page Table of Contents Troubleshooting Configuration T 8 Statistics port AMI Statistics connection Fore View HOJNE SYSTEMS Module 1 Copyright FORE Systems 1 15 98 Core Switch 1 1 wey fOreRunner ATM Core Switch la Usage ASX 200WG 25 or LE 155 ATM LAN Workgroup ATM to the Desktop ForeRunner ATM LAN Backbone ica E E EE ATM Core switching ForeRunner ASX 200B or TNX 210 ForeRunner ASX 1000 or TNX 1100 a ATM Link r MSC Ethernet ASX 200BX ATM Muxing Concentrating erie Past ewernet or TNX 210 Coie Switch ASX 1000 or TNX 1100 1 15 98 1 2 The ForeRunner switches are designed specifically to meet the unique needs of enterprise or Service Provider networks All ForeRunner switches include non blocking switch fabrics a distributed shared memory architecture and advanced quality of service QoS features through ForeThought Bandwidth Management ForeRunner ASX or TNX switches and MSC concentrators provide modularity and scalability through an advanced family of ATM LAN and WAN network modules ranging in speed from 1 5 to 622 Mbps The switch fabric is a
2. Core Switch 1 30 98 5 29 To display advanced information about every LES or a specific one that is currently configured on the switch enter the command configuration lane les show advanced This information includes names of any ELANs associated with this switch the LES anycast BUS and peer NSAP addresses the peer connections configuration information specific to this ELAN the point to multipoint connections maintained to all non proxy and proxy LECs the MAC to NSAP address mapping for each LEC in this ELAN and whether or not it is a proxy the point to point connection the LES maintains to each LEC Copyright FORE Systems Core Switch 5 29 1 30 98 LEC Command Definition myswitch configuration lane lec gt admin arp gt delete default gt new show myswitch conf lane lec gt admin lt LEC index LEC index range x y gt up down myswitch conf lane lec gt arp delete all lt MAC address gt myswitch conf lane lec gt arp show advanced myswitch conf lane lec gt delete lt LEC index LEC index range x y gt up down myswitch conf lane lec gt default mode manual wellknown lt LECS address gt myswitch conf lane lec gt default show myswitch conf lane lec gt new lt LEC Selector byte HEX gt lt ELAN name gt ip lt IP Address gt mask lt IP netmask gt wellknown manual manual mode options lecs lt LECS address gt or les
3. Seetch S oftermcn areis Mpi Diir Hama Salish Rea Dm r rnin teri ams valde LLS Hecho diate TT L Pome Gent Skee Hap core be Fila ela Toole E File Paik Ahas Toren E TF es Liri of Filas per P bailei ety ralig Pma Meisa Thar Conrmct iy ta feded Tem i Core Switch 1 27 98 3 10 To upgrade with ForeView select the Upgrade icon from the FVMAP screen and you will see a list of the switches preselected on the fvmap Any or all switches with at least FT 4 1 software may be selected for upgrade with the tar file and path to the tar file listed at the middle of the Software Upgrade screen 1 27 98 Core Switch 3 10 Normal boot operation ASX 200BX BOOT PROCESS Core Switch 1 27 98 3 11 The slide above shows that in a normal boot process the operating system pointed to in Current is used to boot up the system Copyright FORE Systems 1 27 98 Core Switch 3 11 Abnormal boot operation EES ar ASX 200BX i 3 Bootp Server bootp datagram w MAC address 1 titpboot caf directory ash BOOT PROCESS Core Switch 1 27 98 3 12 1 In an abnormal boot situation the SCP cannot boot from FLASH memory the Current operating system software in FLASH being pointed to is corrupted or the FLASH has been recently initialized 2 The switch attempts to locate a bootp server by broadcasting its MAC address in a bootp datagram across its
4. Overflows indicate the number of cells dropped on this port because the output buffer was full To get more specific statistics related to a particular port type type the AMI command statistics port lt port type gt In the example above sonet specific information is presented such as Section Line and Path information Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 56 Statistics port ForeView Core Switch 1 22 98 2 57 Notice that Port related ForeView statistics are collected on the Port Control screen and on the Media Control screen Notice also that there is a Graph and a Log button on each of these screens to allow graphing or logging of the statistical data These features are shown on the next two slides Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 57 Port Graphing foreView The Graph dialog box will yield the graph 1 22 98 2 58 When you select Graph from the Port Control screen the Graph Tool dialog box appears which allows you to select which items will be graphed Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 58 Port Logging foreView e The logging dialog box is very similar to the graphing box Calle Ae m Celie Te ciiir e Reem ete Beperte Poris Exh fhetieice Eremi Haa Core Switch 1 22 98 2 59 When you select Log from the Port Control screen the Logging dialog box appears which allows you to select which items will be logged and
5. Match Ordering lt elan name gt lt elan name gt This defines the order in which to examine the available ELANs i e Match Ordering mktg hr sales Core Switch 1 30 98 5 19 The Match Ordering line shown above is mandatory any time Accept and Reject rules are used This line identifies the order in which all potential clients are filtered and as such those ELANs with the most clients or unique needs should appear first Core Switch 5 19 1 30 98 Sample LECS Configuration File VCC_Timeout_Period 300 default Address 47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21a 01b9 0020480605b2 11 default Accept XX XXXX XX XXXXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XX eng Maximum_Frame_Size 18190 eng Address C5 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21a 01b9 0020480605b2 13 eng Accept C5 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21a 01b9 xxxxxxxxxxxx xx VCC_TimeOut_Period 600 eng Reject C5 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21a 01b9 00204893bc4 07 Match Ordering default eng Shortcut_Protocols IP Shortcut_Threshold 34 3 MPOA_KeepAlive_Time 30 Core Switch 1 30 98 5 20 Copyright FORE Systems So as discussed in the previous slides even though an lecs cfg file may look complicated each line has a purpose and when examined line by line it is fairly simplistic The three lines at the bottom of the screen above are related to MPOA as follows The Shortcut_Protocols line indicates on which set of protocols to perform flow detection the default is IP
6. SecurlD Tokens Core Switch 1 22 98 2 19 The SecurlD tokens either a credit card sized device or a key fob are completely external and do not attach to the switch in any way All they do is display a changing number that is synchronized with the servers Every 60 seconds the numbers change There is a mechanism for synching a small time slip between the server and the card For instance if you enter the number that was valid last minute the server assumes that your card is slipping by a few seconds and compensates for that There is an option to enter a PIN directly onto the card itself picture on top right If the card is stolen it does little good since it also needs a PIN which hopefully you did not write on the back of the card This is referred to as two factor security If you forget your card the administrator can issue you a one time password Notice the key on the chain That is not part of SecurlD but is a good reminder that if the switch is not in a locked room then anyone could go up and pull the plugs Denial of service is just as costly as theft of service perhaps more so Computer crimes could be classified into the following 5 categories and examples denial of service shutting down their machine theft of service using it without paying theft of information stealing credit card numbers damage of information changing my grade from a D to an A recreational pranks post a file
7. The Shortcut_Threshold line indicates that 34 frames in 3 seconds must be forwarded to the same destination using the default path before switching to the shortcut path the default is 10 frames per second the frame range is 1 65 535 and the second range is 1 60 The MPOA_KeepAlive_Time line indicates how often an MPS must send keep alive messages to all MPCs to which a shortcut path has been created the default is 10 seconds and the range is 1 300 seconds For more information on MPOA and its configuration on FORE ATM switches see the ForeRunner ATM Switch Network Configuration Manual Core Switch 5 20 1 30 98 ROJN SYSTEMS LANE Services Creation AMI Core Switch 1 30 98 5 21 Using AMI commands on a switch you can create all of the available ATM Forum LANE services as shown below and on the following slides myswitch configuration lane gt default gt bus gt lec gt lecs gt les gt Copyright FORE Systems 1 30 98 Core Switch 5 21 Creating a Default ELAN myswitch configuration lane gt default gt bus gt les gt myswitch configuration lane default gt new delete show myswitch configuration lane default gt new Do you want to create default ELAN LES BUS LECS LEC n y Created LANE Services and a LEC for the default ELAN Core Switch 1 30 98 5 22 A default ELAN may be created very simply as shown above As a result of running the configur
8. myswitch operation environment gt power PowerSupply Type InputState OutputState 1 psAutoRangerAC normal normal 2 psAutoRangerAC normal fail or PowerSupply Type InputState OutputState S N Version 1 psRM1000HA normal normal 12 2 psRM1000HA normal fail 22 1 or InputState OutputState 5VoltState Current S N Version 1 ps30ADC normal normal normal normal 10 1 2 ps30ADC normal fail fail normal 11 1 myswitch operation environment gt temperature TemperatureSensor SensorState enclosure normal power supply A normal power supply B normal Core Switch 1 27 98 3 18 FORE ATM switches provide status information about their power supply voltage and temperature through AMI operation environment commands Shown above are power supply status for ASX 200BX TNX 210 at the top AC power supply status for MSC 900 ASX 1000 TNX 1100 below that and DC power supply status for MSC 900 ASX 1000 TNX 1100 below that The operation environment power command shows what type of power supply is in each power supply slot 1 left for 200 210 or 900 1000 1100 DC or top for 900 1000 1100 AC or the one and only power supply for a WG 25 or LE155 and the input and output voltage state The operation environment temperature command shows the state of temperature sensors in that particular switch s power supplies and hardware enclosure The MSC 900 ASX 1000 TNX 1100 also provides individual fabric threshold setting and a
9. Core Switch ATM User 1 30 98 5 2 UNI User to Network Interface ATM UNI could be 3 0 3 1 SPANS or eventually 4 0 FUNI Frame based UNI NNI Network Node or to Network Interface ATM NNI could be private IISP PNNI 1 0 or FT PNNI or public B ICI 2 0 3 0 IISP Interim Inter switch Signaling Protocol PNNI Private NNI FT PNNI ForeThought PNNI B ICI Broadband Inter Carrier Interface FRS Frame Relay Service DXI Data Exchange Interface DSU CSU Data Service Unit Channel Service Unit LEC BOC Local Exchange Carrier Bell Operating Company IEC IXC Interexchange Carrier Core Switch 5 2 1 30 98 weg ILMI NSAP Addressing SYSTEMS e UNI signaling is based on a relationship between a host and a switch NNI signaling is based on a switch to switch relationship All of these devices must be uniquely identified to the ATM network for dynamic connections to be made to anyone else NSAP ATM addressing enables unique ATM network device identification eILMI is the messaging protocol which facilitates ATM address registration e The registration process involves combining a switch identifier with a host identifier Core Switch 1 30 98 5 3 AIM interfaces are either UNI User to Network or NNI Network to Network or Network Node interfaces This equates to a messaging relationship between a host and a switch UNI or between switches NNI In order for devices in an SVC based AT
10. S_ForeThought_5 1 0 1 16721 asx200bx london login ami ATM Management Interface v5 1 0 Copyright c 1994 1997 FORE Systems Inc General commands to get list of commands at the current level up to go up one menu level top to go to the root menu exit to leave AMI Opening a session for 127 0 0 1 please wait Connected to 127 0 0 1 asx200bx myswitch gt Core Switch 1 22 98 2 39 Clicking right mouse button on the serial port from the front panel display while running ForeView is the same as starting a telnet session on the switch whose front panel is displayed This allows you full switch access to all AMI commands You could also pull down the File menu at the top left of the front panel display and select the switch option This action would result in a telnet session to the switch whose front panel is displayed Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 39 Displaying Module wa information AMI myswitch configuration gt module admin reset show traffic gt myswitch configuration module gt sh Module Series Admin Speed Ports Timing Rev _ Serial ProductNumber 1A C2 up 1 544 6 yes 1 0 NA NMCE 6 DS1C 1B c up 2 048 6 yes 1 0 N A NM 6 E1C 1C c up 100 0 6 no 1 0 N A NM 6 100MMSCC 1E B up 2560 0 4 yes 1 0 N A NM 4 BPB myswitch configuration module gt reset 1c Resetting the network module will destroy the existing connections tempora
11. The On Off switches for these power supplies are located to the right of each along with an LED that displays the current power supply status Red indicates power failure input or output and green indicates the power is OK both input and output The power supplies are located in the top left and right bays They are hot swappable and each is capable of assuming the entire load of a fully populated switch Copyright FORE Systems 1 15 98 Core Switch 1 3 FORE ASK 200WG 25 Hardware wa Configuration Single Power Supply ForeRunner O peme E O maT Prete O O sleet ole O O eee oO i Ee Y a Single SCP Core Switch 1 15 98 1 4 The ASX 200WG 25 incorporates a single i960ha as the switch control processor SCP which can only be located in the lower left X bay of the switch chassis The front panel of the SCP includes the same features with the same functions as the ASX 200BX when using an i960 processor a RESET button an RS 232 serial port an Ethernet 10BaseT port a NEXT button a SELECT button a display LED and a power LED The ASX 200WG 25 is wired only to accept a single power supply in the top left bay The On Off switch is located on the right of the power supply along with an LED that displays the current power supply status red for power failure input or output and green for power OK both input and output The ASX 200WG 25 is available in two configurations one with three 6 port 2
12. configuration module show on an ASX 1000 5 To delete an SPVC use the delete command with the local and remote index number True False What is the primary reason for employing an SPVC over a PVC Dynamic network resiliency ABR is the primary ATM service provided by service providers True False CAC is the process that is used to police connections based on a contract True False 10 As cells are policed if they are found not to be in conformance with the contract what action s are taken dropped or tagged Copyright FORE Systems i 4 32 1 27 98 Core Switch mO N SYSTEMS Module 5 Configuring SUC Network Connections Core Switch 1 30 98 5 1 In order to understand SVC based applications such as LANE and CLIP one must first understand switched connections in an ATM environment This module starts with a brief overview of the things which need to be considered and potentially configured when creating SVCs in an ATM environment It shows the interfaces encountered plus the addressing messaging and filtering configuration possibilities with these interfaces Copyright FORE Systems 1 30 98 Core Switch 5 1 Copyright FORE Systems ATM Interface Overview Private ATM FUNI normal NNI Router vit F NI DSU CSU FUNI Eaa ANA FUNI ATM FUNI ER ie Te P m paa ATM DXI X Public Router oa Tee oo Publi ATM ATM DXI Public work A Frames UNI X ra
13. 1 28 98 Core Switch Copyright FORE Systems Troubleshooting Configuration e Establish a confined troubleshooting area switch pair of switches end to end connection etc e Insure your area is safe for possible re configuration e Troubleshoot just that area completely before expanding scope e Do not hesitate to change connection types SVC to PVC if possible e Establish a known traffic source sink Core Switch 1 28 98 6 8 For network troubleshooting in general it is imperative to first limit your scope of problem solving Establish a confined test area and then test that area fully before moving to other or larger areas Record you Original test setup and steps that were taken plus results Remember that ATM is connection oriented and that information will not pass without a connection being established first Also remember that PVC connections although cumbersome are also able to be used to test devices interfaces links addressing etc One of the most important steps is to establish what you are going to use as your traffic source to prove that a connection was made i e directed ping broadcast ping meaty ping resident program ELAN join request etc and what you are going to use to monitor success i e ping response elconfig show configured atm statistics gathering etc Core Switch 6 8 1 28 98 Copyright FORE Systems Debug Commands myswitch debug gt dump gt m
14. Always backup your CDB before upgrading or downgrading the switch OS Copyright FORE Systems 1 27 98 Core Switch 3 13 SCP Diagnostics from AMI myswitch operation environment gt cpu CPU Type OCpuStep State DRAMSize FlashSize BoardRev 1X i960ha 1 normal 16777216 4194304 D 1Y i960ha 1 standby 16777216 4194304 D myswitch operation environment gt cpu CPU Type CpuStep State DRAMSize FlashSize BoardRev 1X p55 68 fail 67108864 8388608 A 1Y p55 68 normal 67108864 8388608 A Core Switch 1 27 98 3 14 The first step in diagnosing an SCP problem is verifying its parameters as shown above The CPU column shows which fabric 1 4 and SCP slot X left or top Y right or bottom each SCP resides in The State column will reflect normal or standby for properly functioning primary or secondary SCPs and fail if something is wrong with that SCP The DRAMSize and FlashSize columns should reflect the appropriate size for that type SCP as follows ASX 200WG 25 i960ha 4M Flash 16M RAM single onl LE 155 i960cf 3M Flash 16M RAM not swappable ASX 200BX amp ASX i960ha 4M Flash 16M 1000 standard 1000 optional Pentium 8M Flash 64M RAM Penn MSC 900 standatd comes with two MSC a one TNX 210 amp TNX 1100 Pentium 8M Flash 64M RAM optional Copyright FORE Systems Core Switch 3 14 1 27 98 Copyright FORE Systems SCP Diagnostics from switch front panel terminal e R
15. Was Here inside a CIA machine Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 9 19 Access Choices ner UserID e Serial e From serial port only e Network e Using Telnet only e ATM in band Ethernet out of band All e Via serial port and telnet default e None e No access to switch is allowed 1 22 98 2 20 The slide above shows the various terminal access methods available to be assigned to any configured UserlD Notice that the default is al which means that the ami asx and any specific userlD which is configured has initial access from both the serial port and via telnet in band or out of band Switches may also be accessed via SNMP using Foreview or a remote AMI session A remote AMI session is initiated from an existing terminal session by issuing the open command as shown below myswitch gt open 208 121 29 2 private Opening a session for 208 121 29 2 please wait Connected to 208 121 29 2 asx200bx otherswitch gt The asterisk in front of otherswitch above indicates that this prompt is for another switch other than the one on which it is being displayed Password usage is not required To return to your local session type in localhost and press lt RETURN gt Many commands are not available through a remote session including most of the operation flash all of the operation panic reboot and version some of the configuration system
16. get lt host gt lt remotefile gt lt localfile gt Core Switch 1 30 98 5 24 The LECS index is a unique positive integer dynamically assigned by AMI when the LECS is created LECS Selector Byte Enter the 20th byte in HEX of the switch s NSAP address that you want assigned to the LECS service Use the AMI command conf atmarp getnsap to display the entire NSAP address of the switch db lt LECS database file gt This optional parameter indicates the full path to the location and name of the LECS configuration file The default filename is ecs cfg default lt LES atm address gt Indicates a default LES address to use in case the LECS configuration file is inaccessible In order to implement this feature properly the LECs must specifically ask to join an ELAN named default If one exists in the lecs cfg file and the lecs cfg file is readable by the LECS then the LEC will be given the LES address defined in the configuration file lecs cfg If the configuration file is unreadable the LEC will be given the LES address defined by this parameter default lt LES atm address gt lt LECS wka gt none LECS wka indicates an NSAP address to use as the wellknown address instead of the ATM Forum s None indicates that the wellknown address is disabled so the LECS can only be contacted using the switch s actual NSAP address The get command can be used to retrieve the LECS configuration file from a
17. memory on the standby SCP Note once switched from Primary to Standby the Standby becomes Primary and does not switch back if the original Primary is restored Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 34 Dual SCP Configuration ForeView e Right click on the LED Display to select Dual SCP Configuration x Foreview SCP Configuration _ O x SCP Control SCP Status Primary Slot x Failover enable State standalone Failover Threshold 2 Synchronize State Suspended Cdb Synchronize Mode automatic Last Switchover Time 0 Automatically Remove Old Files disable Synchronization Statistics Synchronization Request List Number of Synchronization Requests 0 A Number of Synchronization Failures 0 ji Apply Update Cancel Help Core Switch 1 22 98 2 35 This screen shows the ForeView method of configuring the Dual SCP feature The Primary button selects which fabric is primary The Failover button is used to enable or disable the feature The Failover Threshold represents how many seconds the Standby SCP waits before taking over when the Primary SCP fails The CDB Synchronize Mode button enables or disables automatic CDB and Password writing to the Standby SCP whenever the Primary is written to The Automatically Remove Old Files button enables or disables that feature on the Standby SCP when it recognizes newer files from the synchronization process initiated by the prima
18. 0 0 0 is a wildcard which allows all addresses All entries are also filtered against the flags that are configured and shown above In the slide above all loose source routed packets are disallowed even if their address matches one in the table The default for ipaccess is no entries all IP addresses have access and all flags set to allow no source route packet restrictions If you do choose to enter an ip address make sure the first one includes an address or mask that supports the terminal you are using to configure the switch or you may lock yourself out Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 23 NSAP Address Filtering e Filters consist of one or more templates e A template consists of e Source and destination port and VPI e Source and destination NSAP and mask e Action accept or reject e Each switch interface may have one incoming and one outgoing filter applied e Filters may be tested without impact myswitch configuration security nsapfiltering gt filters gt templates gt interfaces gt myswitch configuration security nsapfiltering gt new lt filter id gt lt template id gt lt template id gt 1 22 98 2 24 NSAP Address Filtering allows you to filter calls VCs based on a combination of calling and called addresses source and destination ports and VPIs paths An NSAP Address Filter is created by linking it to one or more templates as shown above The filter and template ids may b
19. 25 1 27 98 this page intentionally blank Copyright FORE Systems 1 27 98 Core Switch 3 26 Switch Maintenance Practice Total Time 10 minutes Completion 5 minutes Review 5 minutes It is suggested that you try to complete this exercise from memory However if you need to consult your notes or the manual feel free to do so An administrator can determine the ForeThought O S versions stored in flash memory and the current O S running by typing the AMI command operation flash dir True False When the AMI command operation environment power is issued power supply 2 indicates a fail condition under Input State and Output State This condition can be caused by no power cord attached to power supply 2 power supply 2 is switched off power supply 2 has failed both a and b a b and c o a aog ogw List 4 components of an ASX1000 switch that are hot swappable Which of the following AMI commands will set a FORE switch to its factory default settings a operation cdb reset b operation cdb restore c operation cdb init d operation cdb manufact To delete the current version of switch O S software the administrator should delete the file in flash called CURRENT True False Copyright FORE Systems Core Switch 3 27 1 27 98 Switch Maintenance Answers Total Time 10 minutes Completion 5 minutes Review 5 minutes It is suggested that you try to complete this
20. 98 Upgrading Over the Network myswitch operation gt upgrade 198 29 21 158 asx i960_5 1 0_1 16721 Received 1849280 bytes in 13 9 seconds upgrade successful Reboot the switch y myswitch configuration system dualscp gt synchronize OS Core Switch 1 27 98 3 9 The AMI command operation upgrade allows the user to upgrade the switch software When the command is issued AMI looks for the designated software images in the tftpboot directory of the designated workstation When the file is sent to the switch AMI will inform you that the switch must be rebooted before the new software is used and will give you a prompt to confirm the reboot before performing it Notice that the full pathname to the software on the remote host must be given along with the IP address of the remote host The host that contains this software must also be configured to be a tftpboot server If there is not enough room in FLASH to hold the new operating system the resident OS will be deleted as the new OS is loaded into FLASH If you are using redundant SCPs you can upgrade the secondary SCP by forcing it to synchronize with the primary by performing the command above Note that if you are going to issue the switchover command to try out the new OS on the secondary SCP you should also synchronize CDBs password files etc Copyright FORE Systems 1 27 98 Core Switch 3 9 Copyright FORE Systems Upgrading with foreView
21. 98 5 7 To configure an NSAP prefix with ForeView use the Front Panel pull down menu to select Configure NSAP and Prefixes The screen on the right above will appear Notice that it shows you the current default NSAP prefix at the top of the screen Copyright FORE Systems Core Switch 5 7 1 30 98 Displaying ILMI Configuration AMI myswitch configuration nsap gt prefix gt ilmi gt e164 gt registry gt myswitch configuration nsap ilmi gt show myswitch configuration nsap ilmi gt show lt port gt Port NsapAddress 1A1 47000580ffe1000000f21a00de00204810046400 Core Switch 1 30 98 5 8 When a switch is powered on it begins registering hosts that are attached to its ports over the ILMI interface VPI 0 VCI 16 Once the switch has sent its NSAP switch prefix to each host and the host has added its ESI field and SEL byte to this NSAP address the completed address 20 bytes is sent back to the switch The switch enters this information into its topology tables so that any connections destined for that host may be routed by the switch To display which ports have completed this process for their attached hosts run the AMI command conf nsap ilmi show as shown above Copyright FORE Systems Core Switch 5 8 1 30 98 Displaying ILMI f Configuration foreWew B L ta OOO i Sig Hode E LAI Side Say Ao temas F sam dran Coan Ered H Tare Doak Core Switch 1 3
22. Always related to the Input Port oport the port number where the through path leaves the switch Always associated with the transmit side of the physical port ovpi the virtual path identifier at the output point of the switch Always related to the output port The optional parameters for a through path are upc lt index gt the UPC index or contract to be applied to this through path If no index is given the switch assumes the default index of 0 which is a UBR contract name lt name gt a name may be assigned up to 32 ASCII characters to this particular path which may be useful for billing purposes inctype orig tran term indicates the connection type for the incoming path outctype orig tran term indicates the connection type for the outgoing path pmp mpp mpmpy indicates the type of path for billing purposes shapeivpi lt vpi gt this parameter is specified when through paths are used to shape traffic coming from a port connected to a WAN On an ASX 1000 you may go through the E fabric to enable building a VPC from a port on one fabric to a port on another fabric saving ports in the process Copyright FORE Systems Core Switch 4 5 1 27 98 Copyright FORE Systems ea Creating a Through Path VPC SYSTEMS AMI Example myswitch configuration gt vpc delete new show myswitch configuration vpc gt new 1a1 10 1b2 20 name fore inctype tran outctype tran m
23. Constant Bit Rate CBR traffic Per VC Queuing is a fundamental requirement for an ATM switch It guarantees multiple levels of service and ensures that the switch performs packet level discard Per VC queuing provides a dedicated queue for each virtual circuit with each network module supporting up to 12 000 virtual circuits This allows the switch to distinguish between virtual circuits and to allocate to each virtual circuit its own output buffer Because each connection is treated independently each connection is serviced in turn according to its requirements Copyright FORE Systems 1 15 98 Core Switch 1 2 m ASK 200BX amp TNK 210 Hardware Configuration Redundant Power Supplies ForeRunner _RX1 B TX1 _RX1 _RX1 _RX1 _RX1 _RX1 _RX1 _RX1 00 00 00 00 0900 00 00 TX1 TX1 TXI N TXI lt T 1 T 1 ai TX1 A _RX1 _RX1 _RX1 _RX1 _RX1 _RX1 _RX1 _RX1 B O 20 00 00 00 0900 00 00 00 Q TXI TX1 TX TXI TXI TX1 TX 1 Xx Te Rx y RESET E i i Y Oa e OE SER ETH SER ET Netmod Ta Redundant Slots Reset Serial Ethernet SCPs Button Port Port 1 15 98 1 3 Core Switch The ASX 200BX or TNX 210 incorporates an i960ha or Pentium switch control processor The primary SCP occupies the lower left X bay of the switch chassis In dual SCP mode standard for the TNX optional for the ASX the secondary SCP occupies the
24. Core Switch 1 27 98 4 20 UPC contracts are created using the AMI command conf upc new Until ABR is fully defined and standardized the contract types that you may create are UBR CBR with and without tagging and VBR with and without tagging For each of these you may define many unique parameters which means that the total number of contract types is virtually unlimited Parameters which may be assigned include an index number for that particular contract the type as shown above and pcr01 peak cell rate for all cells CBR or VBR pcr peak cell rate for CLP 0 cells tagging may be selected CBR or VBR scr01 sustainable cell rate for all cells VRB only scr0 sustainable cell rate for CLP 0 cells tagging may be selected VBR only mbs01 maximum burst size for all cells VBR only mbs0 maximum burst size for CLP 0 cells tagging may be selected VBR only tag non conforming CLP 0 cells are to be tagged cdvt us Cell Delay Variation Tolerance in us for PCRs CBR or VBR noGCRA disables GCRA policing for CBRs and VBRs aal5 indicates connection is using AAL5 noPktDisc disables EPD PPD on this connection ubrTagging tags all UBR traffic makes it CLP 1 PPPol enables Partial Packet Policing for this connection AItCLP for Series D netmods allows use of an alternative CLP threshold scheduling for Series D netmod indicates the output method for traffic flow name lt name gt assign a unique
25. Disable Modify Update Close Help Core Switch 1 30 98 5 50 FOREIP configuration with ForeView requires only asxO interface IP address creation From the Front Panel display select Configure IP Interfaces and use the IP interface screen to then configure the asx0 interface Copyright FORE Systems 1 30 98 Core Switch 5 50 SVC Network Connections Practice Total Time 10 minutes Completion 5 minutes Review 5 minutes It is suggested that you try to complete this exercise from memory However if you need to consult your notes or the manual feel free to do so 1 The ATM Forum LANE standard allows for the use of which of the following MTU maximum transmission unit sizes 1516 bytes 18 190 bytes 65 535 bytes a and b Dagono b and c 2 In the LECS configuration file a missing group implies that the key and value apply only to the next emulated LAN listed True False 3 LECS configuration file accept and reject rules consist of the following four types 4 When configuring DLE peers you only have to enter the NSAPs of other devices and not your own True False 5 The configuration lane les show lt index gt advanced AMI command provides the following information about a LES on the switch a control distribute connections the LES maintains to each LEC b LES and BUS NSAP addresses c MAC to NSAP address mapping for each LEC in the ELAN and whether or
26. Ethernet interface 3 Bootp servers on the Ethernet network look up that MAC address in their bootptab file 4 If they find the MAC address for the switch they broadcast a reply that contains a pointer to the switch software image file residing in the tftpboot directory on the bootp server 5 The SCP then initiates a tftp session with the bootp server using the path and filename in the datagram from the bootp server 6 The switch software image is then sent to the SCP NOTE In order for this process to work you must Set up an Ethernet connected host as a bootp server Add your switch MAC address to the bootptab file Set up a tftpboot directory containing the software image on your tftp capable bootp server Copyright FORE Systems 1 27 98 Core Switch 3 12 Checking changing the software version e To check what software versions are currently loaded type e operation flash dir e To check what software version is currently running type e operation version e To change to a different software version type e operation version lt new version gt e You must reboot the switch to load this new version e operation reboot Core Switch 1 27 98 3 13 When switching versions of software it is important to note the Switch Configuration Database CDB may not be compatible with the version of software you are installing i e LANE configuration may not be supported on releases earlier than ForeThought 4 0
27. Panel display menu bar VPC VCC Control To configure a virtual channel connection select PVC When the screen above appears fill in the port path and channel info that you require and select Create On ASX 1000 or TNX 1100s you can configure end points on different fabrics unlike AMI commands where multiple commands utilizing the E fabric are required Copyright FORE Systems 1 27 98 Core Switch 4 17 This page intentionally blank Copyright FORE Systems 1 27 98 Core Switch 4 18 Policing Overview e ATM offers QoS Management CBR rtVBR nrtVBR ABR and UBR e Contracts are established through CAC Connection Admission Control action e Connections are then policed UPC against parameters agreed to in CAC contract e Cells which are found not conforming to the contract are either dropped or tagged Core Switch 1 27 98 4 19 One of ATM s advantages over other technologies is its capability of supporting a unique Quality of Service on a per connection basis The ATM Forum has established various classes of service to help support ATM s original goal of ubiquitous information handling These include Constant Bit Rate CBR real time and non real time Variable Bit Rate rtVBR nrtVBR Available Bit Rate ABR and Unspecified Bit Rate UBR Each of these classes of service defines a set parameters which will be used to establish the contract through the Connection Admission Control CAC process a
28. SCPs must be either i960ha or Pentium Copyright FORE Systems 1 15 98 Core Switch 1 9 Netmods for switch products DOOD C7 7 SOO Oy 7 DEO OKOM Core Switch 1 15 98 1 10 Notice that the name of each particular netmod is printed on the lower right corner of the netmod All netmods will physically fit in any netmod slot of an ASX 1000 ASX 200BX ASX 200WG 25 TNX 1100 TNX 210 or MSC 900 but certain restrictions may apply i e uplink netmod will not work in a pure access slot of an MSC 900 The LE 155 does not use netmods because it has a fixed configuration There are three different series netmods available C LC and D each with different properties which are detailed on the following page The complete line of netmod interfaces ranges from DS1 1 544 Mbps rates to OC 12c 622 Mbps rates and comes in a variety of port configurations including 1 port 2 port 4 port 6 port and 8 port Connectors range from RJ45 to ST to SC A common way to remember SC is stick and click connector and the ST for stick and turn connector bayonet type LEDs can be configured for a variety of purposes but generally green indicates traffic or carrier present red indicates no connection or carrier and yellow generally indicates some sort of generic SONET alarm For all netmods port numbering starts at the left and each individual port is referenced by board switch board then slot and then port number so 1a3 bo
29. Switch 3 24 AMI Password Changes myswitch configuration security login gt password ami Old local password lt old local password gt and or New local password lt new local password gt Retype new local password lt new local password gt Core Switch 1 27 98 3 25 The AMI user account password is assigned just like any other user account password using the configuration security login password command This command has to be performed from an admin privilege level user account connected directly or via telnet directly not through another switch If you ever have to remove a password from the AMI user account that you don t know on an ASX MSC or TNX switch perform the following steps With a terminal attached to the serial port reset the switch using a straightened paper clip When Decomp displays on the front panel display press and hold both the Next and the Select buttons After a short time the display should stop scrolling When you release the buttons the prompt Boot without reading flash y n should be displayed on your terminal Type y and press lt ENTER gt The prompt Clear the AMI password y n will be displayed Type y and press lt ENTER gt The AMI user account on the switch now has no password just as it is when delivered from the factory None of the other user accounts are affected by this procedure Copyright FORE Systems Core Switch 3
30. VC 7 per VC Core Switch 1 11 Power Supply Modules e Any one power supply will power the entire switch Core Switch 1 15 98 1 12 The ASX 200BX and ASX 1000 switches may be ordered with up to two load sharing redundant power supplies in an AC or DC configuration The TNX 210 TNX 1100 and MSC 900 come standard with both these redundant supplies The supplies have true load sharing ability with each capable of powering the entire switch The supplies are hot swappable for ease of maintenance The ASX 200WG 25 and LE 155 each comes with only one AC power supply Copyright FORE Systems 1 15 98 Core Switch 1 12 ASK 1000 TNX 1100 Unique wa Components e CEC CEC Module e Power Supplies e Fan Tray e Switch Board Fabric Swapability e Inter Fabric Link Simplicity Inter Fabric Timing Capability 1 15 98 1 13 The ASX 1000 TNX 1100 and MSC 900 have several unique components as listed above and detailed on the following pages The CEC or Common Equipment Card Plus provides several functions to support the multiple switch fabrics that may exist in one chassis Instead of each SCP in each fabric using its own Ethernet connector the CEC provides a single Ethernet connector to a common management station The CEC also provides alarm indications for malfunctioning fans or overheated power supplies and fabric enclosures The CEC also adds the capability of obtaining common timing input from an external clock sourc
31. VCI range of per path What is the maximum number of items that will display when you type the AMI command configuration module show on an ASX 1000 To delete an SPVC use the delete command with the local and remote index number True False What is the primary reason for employing an SPVC over a PVC ABR is the primary ATM service provided by service providers True False CAC is the process that is used to police connections based on a contract True False 10 As cells are policed if they are found not to be in conformance with the contract what action s are taken Copyright FORE Systems i 4 31 1 27 98 Core Switch Configuring PVC amp SPVCs Answers Total Time 10 minutes Completion 5 minutes Review 5 minutes It is suggested that you try to complete this exercise from memory However if you need to consult your notes or the manual feel free to do so Through Paths may be assigned a name with a maximum of 16 ASCII characters True False What command is used to show the endpoint connection types for the ingress egress and path type label assigned to a through path conf vpc show lt port gt advanced PVCs do not have to stay on the same path and channel as they move from port to port through a switch True False All netmods have a default VCI range of 32 511____ per path What is the maximum number of items that will display when you type the AMI command
32. admin or user for each new userid created Admin allows access to all AMI commands and is the default privilege User does not allow access to any configuration security commands except the one used to modify your own password all debug commands and the configuration snmp sets command Access may be designated in one of four different ways Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 16 Configuring SecurlD myswitch configuration security login gt securid getconf delete showconf myswitch configuration security login securid gt showconf SecurID Client Configuration ACE Server VERSION v 2 1 104 CLIENT RETRY 5 times CLIENT TIMEOUT 5 sec BAD PASSCODES 3 DES ENCRYPTION allowed and enabled DURESS MODE not allowed MASTER SERVER linus MASTER SERVER ADDRESS 204 95 89 107 PORT NUMBER 1024 AUTHENTICATION SERVICE securid or Securid configuration file does not exist or is corrupted Core Switch 1 22 98 2 17 If securid is selected for the userid authentication method configuration security login new lt userid gt auth securia this means that this user will be validated by the SecurlD server when he attempts to login to the switch The SecurlD file Shown above is located on and only editable from the SecurID server You use the getconf command to retrieve the file from the SecurlD server and put it into FLASH memory on your switch You use the delete comma
33. and the operation cdb init commands See the AMI Manual for a complete list Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 20 Starting a Telnet Session gt telnet lt ip address of SCP gt Trying 204 95 89 231 Connected to myswitch Escape character is f or Userid lt lt userid gt gt is already logged into AMI Exiting S_ForeThought_5 1 0 1 16721 asx200bx myswitch login ami Password or Enter PASSCODE ATM Management Interface v5 1 0 Opening a session for 127 0 0 1 please wait Connected to 127 0 0 1 asx200bx myswitch gt Core Switch 1 22 98 2 21 This slide shows how to access the SCP through telnet either in band with ATM or out of band with Ethernet As you can see the SCP has to have at least one of its interfaces configured with an IP address If another userid is running a telnet or serial port session on that SCP you will see the message shown above Remember only one telnet or serial port session at a time on any one SCP Once you see the login prompt just type in ami and the assigned password if one is required or PASSCODE Telnet sessions like serial port direct connections time out by default after five minutes of inactivity After four minutes of inactivity you get a message stating that AMI will timeout in 60 sec if there is no activity At ten second intervals following this first message the message is repeated counting down the final
34. are situated on top of each other Copyright FORE Systems 1 15 98 Core Switch 1 16 Fan Tray ASX 1000 TNX 1100 MSC 900 chassis ai Fan Tray Core Switch 1 15 98 1 17 The fan tray for the ASX 1000 TNX 1100 and MSC 900 is removable and replaceable with power applied Each fan tray contains four fans and the speed of each fan is monitored by circuitry in the CEC module so that failure of any or multiple fans can be detected immediately Do not run a fully loaded ASX 1000 TNX 1100 or MSC 900 without a fan tray for more than 15 20 minutes or its power supplies may shut down based on high power supply or fabric enclosure temperatures Copyright FORE Systems 1 15 98 Core Switch 1 17 this page intentionally blank Copyright FORE Systems 1 15 98 Core Switch ATM Switch Hardware Practice Total Time 10 minutes Completion 5 minutes Review 5 minutes It is suggested that you try to complete this exercise from memory However if you need to consult your notes or the manual feel free to do so Network Modules netmods are available in interface speeds ranging from 1 5 Mbps to 622 Mbps True False The ASX switch models which support DC power supplies are All models ASX 200WG ASX 200BX ASX 1000 LE155 and ASX 200WG None of the above ao ow How many netmods can be installed in an ASX 1000 On a Common Equipment Card CEC in an ASX 1000 what are contact pins labeled AL1 and AL2
35. class3 class4 bqos class0 class1 class2 class3 class4 myswitch conf spvc pnni gt new 1a1 0 100 47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21b 19cd 1b1 myswitch conf spve pnni gt parameters pacing gt reroute gt myswitch conf spvc pnni parameters gt pacing interval number show myswitch conf spvc pnni parameters gt reroute interval number show threshold Core Switch 1 27 98 4 28 To configure PNNI SPVCs using AMI commands you will use the subcommands under conf spvc pnni Notice that there is a subcommand parameters which as shown at the bottom of the slide which includes pacing information and reroute information Pacing allows you to indicate a number of SPVCs to be reopened at one time default is 20 range is 1 1000 after an outage then a time period to wait before attempting the next number of call setups default is 2 seconds range is 1 300 seconds Reroute allows you to indicate a number of SPVCs default is 20 range is 1 1000 at one time to have their route costs re evaluated and re established if new routes would improve their route costs by a certain threshold default is 50 range is 1 99 and then the time period to wait before the next route re evaluation default is 10 seconds range is 1 3600 seconds The conf spvc pnni new command includes local port vpi vci information and destination nsap or switch prefix plus port number for FORE switches vpi vci information plus a user
36. end user through each ATM network component s support of either proprietary or standards based signaling SVCs e Connections may also be made using a combination of these processes and are called SPVCs e The following slides cover PVCs and SPVCs and the next module covers SVCs Core Switch 1 27 98 4 2 As discussed previously ATM is a connection oriented technology requiring connections to be established prior to any information passing These connections can be created by some centrally located system administrator who has complete knowledge of network resources and end user needs If this method is used the connections are generally left in place for some time and are called Permanent Virtual Circuits PVCs If an end user is able to signal his desire to communicate with another end user and if all devices in the ATM network can support this request and build a connection this is called signaling and the result is an SVC or Switched Virtual Circuit The signaling messages and methods used may be from one vendor proprietary or adhere to a published set of standards If an end user has end to end management capability of the network he could build PVC like connections at both ends of the network and let the network switches build a connection between themselves using signaling This combination is called a Smart Permanent Virtual Circuit or SPVC This module presents the steps necessary to configure PVC and S
37. lower right Y bay of the switch chassis The front panel of the SCP includes RESET reset the SCP perform a warm boot and initial power on diagnostics It is recessed into the faceplate to prevent accidental activation and must be pushed with an object like a straightened paper clip RS 232 Port provide terminal access to the SCP using a Dsub 9 pin connector female for i960 and male for Pentium SCPs A user logging into the switch through this port can de activate other AMI sessions that may be running via telnet for instance Ethernet 10BaseT Port provide out of band access to the SCP using standard Ethernet UTP RJ45 connector There is a transmit LED to the left of the port and a receive LED to the right The ForeRunner ATM switch User s Manual describes the LED states in detail NEXT button scroll through the menu on the display LED after the power is turned on and after the SCP is reset or rebooted SELECT button choose menu option shown on the LED display after the power is turned on and after the SCP is reset or rebooted DISPLAY LED show initial power up diagnostic messages during boot process After booting show user defined switch name Power LED red indicates that power is on but that the SCP has failed diagnostic Green indicates that the SCP has power and is in good status The ASX 200BX and TNX 210 incorporate dual load sharing redundant power supplies standard on the TNX optional on the ASX
38. mask Each individually defined ELAN must have at least one Accept Reject rule for anyone to be able to join it The filtering process for accept reject is as follows 1 First pair and process any NSAP length accept rejects 2 Then pair and process any MAC length accept reject LEC NSAPs or MAC addresses may also have individual parameter overrides attached to them The example shown below overrides the LECS based Configuration Direct VCC TimeOut with one specific to this client or group of clients 47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21a 01b9 xxxxxxxxxxxx xx VCC_TimeOut_Period 600 Copyright FORE Systems Core Switch 5 17 1 30 98 EA LECS Accept Reject Example Example Sales Address 47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21a 01b9 0020480605b2 11 Sales Accept 002048102aef 47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21a 01b9 0020480605b2 00 00 0000 00 000000 0000 f21b 0000 000000000000 00 00 0000 00 000000 0000 ffff 0000 000000000000 00 Sales Reject xx xXxXxx XxX XXXXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX 002048101487 xx Core Switch 1 30 98 5 18 In the example above you see the NSAP address for the Sales LES and an accept statement which includes one MAC address one NSAP address and a masked NSAP for anyone on a WG There is also one reject for a particular MAC address no matter where it shows up Copyright FORE Systems 1 30 98 Core Switch 5 18 Copyright FORE Systems LECS Match Ordering e All ELANs with Accept Reject rules must be ordered with
39. minute Remember also that a serial port direct connection has the highest priority and access level so if someone decides to run a serial port session while you are running a telnet session that person gets a prompt asking if he would like to disable your telnet session If he types y for disabling your session you will see the following prompt The ami client running on the serial line has suspended your session Try again later Connection closed by foreign host Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 9 24 IP Access Filtering e Accept Addresses e with Wildcards masks e no reject e Source Routing e Strict ssr e Loose Isr All 1 22 98 2 22 This is Layer 3 IP Filtering for filtering calls to the SCP not inter port traffic IP addresses which are authorized to access the SCP are entered into an IP Filter table which contains a maximum of 32 entries No entries the default means accept anyone myswitch configuration security ipaccess gt accept delete ssr Isr all show The accept command is used to make a table entry ip address and mask The delete command is used to remove an entry from the table There are no commands to explicitly reject certain IP addresses The ssr Strict Source Routing how did get here no learned routes tag helps to prevent spoofing of addresses To only accept ssr packets from anything on the 12 34 0 0 subnet type the following commands confi
40. network information ee e Automatically e mailed to FORE s Technical Assistance Center TAC e Simplifies and speeds Feet t problem resolution i e The fvtacink form lets you enter information about the stack trace comments and environment before it is tee Han m nenn wn sent via e mail to TAC Core Switch 1 28 98 6 21 FV TAClink is a GUI application provided with Fore View that helps the user of ForeView report problems back to FORE Systems Technical Assistance Center TAC ForeView applications launch FV TAClink automatically when a fatal error occurs in the application Alternatively the user may launch FV TAClink directly from the command line FV TAClink allows the user to provide information about the ForeView user and also retrieves information about the system on which ForeView is running A user may select which pieces of information should not be included The information that is gathered is automatically packaged by FV TAClink and the user may choose to send the information directly to FORE Systems Technical Support via email or to save the information to file The information is stored in clear text so that the user can inspect the information and make sure that no company sensitive information is mistakenly sent to FORE Systems The information that FV TAClink gathers from the ForeView workstation is organized into 3 sections First there is ForeView specific information including the ForeView licen
41. not it is a proxy d point to point connections the LES maintains to each LEC e all of the above 6 The information concerning a colocated bus is displayed under the configuration lane bus show menu True False Copyright FORE Systems Core Switch 5 51 1 30 98 SVC Network Connections Practice Total Time 10 minutes Completion 5 minutes Review 5 minutes It is suggested that you try to complete this exercise from memory However if you need to consult your notes or the manual feel free to do so 7 Which of the following statements is true of Classical IP over ATM a Classical IP over ATM is defined by the IETF in RFC 1577 b Classical IP over ATM has no broadcast or multicast capability c Classical IP over ATM employs SPANS UNI signaling and ILMI NSAP address registration d The default MTU size for FORE s CLIP interface is 9 180 bytes e a b andd above 8 When configuring the FORE switch using ForeView ARP Server creation is done from the Configure pull down menu on the Front Panel View True False 9 Match the data over ATM application on the left with the proper feature listed on the right indicate all that apply LANE a IP supported only CLIP b Multi protocol FOREIP c Broadcast Multicast supported d Standards based Signaling e Uses ILMI for Address Registration 10 The VLAN Manager supplied with ForeView 4 2 is able to change the LE_ARP Cache aging time for a particular E
42. one direction on one path on one port Copyright FORE Systems i 4 11 1 27 98 Core Switch Automatic Virtual Path and SYSTEMS Channel Configuration e One PVC Path will be created by the Switch Control Software e VPI 0 Used for Signaling and SVCs e On Path 0 at every port four PVC channels will be created automatically e VPI 0 VCI 5 used for UNI signaling e VPI O VCI 14 used for FORE s CLS Connectionless Service e VPI O VCI 15 used for FORE s SPANS Simple Protocol for ATM Network Signaling e VPI 0 VCI 16 used for ILMI Interim Local Management Interface Core Switch 1 27 98 4 12 Note The default path and channels may be deleted by the user A caution here is that if Path 0 is deleted the underlying channels 5 14 15 and 16 will also be deleted If Path O is then re created by the user these channels will not be automatically restored In order to re create these channels the user must re enable SPANS and or UNI signaling on that path If any other new path is created the same actions must be taken if signaling is needed on that new path Copyright FORE Systems j 4 12 1 27 98 Core Switch Virtual Path and Channel VPI VCI Ranges e Default Ranges for VPI and VCI Values e VPI e 6 port netmod 0 511 per port e 2 and 4 port netmod 0 1023 per port e 1 port netmod 0 4095 per port e VCI e all netmods 32 511 per path Core Switch 1 27 98 4 13 The virtual path ident
43. that the Circuit Emulation service port information is separate from the rest of the port information Copyright FORE Systems i 6 11 1 28 98 Core Switch Statistics port AMI myswitch statistics gt port Input Output Cells Cells Port VPs VCs BW VPs VCs BW Received Transmitted ErrSecs Overflows 1A1 1 6 0 8K 1 6 00K 0 742025 0 0 1A2 1 6 0 8K 1 6 00K 0 742025 0 0 1CTL 1 12 0 0K 1 14 0 0K 2756927 1283307 0 myswitch statistics gt port sonet sonet Port 1D1 Counter Value sonetSectionBIPs 1571776380 sonetSectionLOSs 32745 sonetSectionLOFs 32745 sonetLineBIPs 0 sonetLineFEBEs 0 sonetLineAlSs 32745 sonetLineRDIs sonetPathBIPs sonetPathFEBEs sonetPathLOPs sonetPathAlISs sonetPathRDIs Press return for more q to quit Core Switch 1 28 98 6 12 Overall port statistics can be obtained by typing the AMI command statistics port To get more specific statistics related to a particular port type type the AMI command statistics port lt port type gt In the example above sonet specific information is presented such as Section Line and Path information Copyright FORE Systems j 6 12 1 28 98 Core Switch Statistics port ForeView Poe er Pel Geer Poel Lede Bt E r diua Cw tee Core Switch 1 28 98 6 13 Notice that Port related ForeView statistics are collected on the Port Control screen and on the Media Control screen Notice also that t
44. the CLS channel Copyright FORE Systems 1 30 98 Core Switch 5 48 FOREIP Switch Configuration myswitch configuration ip gt address asx0 198 29 21 1 myswitch configuration ip gt admin asx0 up myswitch configuration ip gt show asx0 interface state address netmask broadcast asx0 up 198 29 21 1 255 255 255 0 198 29 21 255 myswitch configuration atmarp gt show IPaddress If VPI VCI AAL Type Direction 198 29 21 156 asx0 0 63 aal5 forelpSVC outgoing IPaddress If NSAP Address 198 29 22 156 qaa0 0x47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21a 00de 0020481a0138 00 Core Switch 1 30 98 5 49 To configure FOREIP on our switches using AMI commands one needs to simply turn on the power and assign an IP address to the asxO interface as shown above To view FOREIP or Classical IP ARP cache entries use the AMI command conf atmarp as shown above Copyright FORE Systems Core Switch 1 30 98 5 49 FOREIP Switch Configuration ForeView e Select Configure IP Interfaces to configure the switch s asx0 interface address Fale p t Con jaar Tehama Polling YOON oaral Sila E iir a E ii x ForeView IP Interfaces labsw3 ioj x Name State IP Address IP Mask Broadcast asx0 up 198 29 21 3 255 255 255 0 All 1s el10 down 198 29 20 3 295 255 255 0 All 1s qaa2 gqaa3 ie up Pakal 255 255 0 0 All 1s M qaa0 up 198 29 233 255 255 255 0 All Os IP Forwarding E Enable
45. the information related to a certain port Notice also that by applying the tm traffic management extension to the show command allows viewing of traffic management specific information about a port For each column except Poort and CAC the choices are allOn allOff svcOn svcOff or N A Each of these selections means either all connections or just SVC connections of the type indicated by the column sub heading i e CBR are to be subjected to the particular policing process shown in that column s main heading i e GCRA Policing For PVC connections the UPC contract for that particular connection determines the exact policing parameters Although normally enabled CAC may be disabled on a per port basis This allows you to overbook sporadic CBR traffic Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 42 Displaying Port Information foreview e Configure a port or multiple ports selected from the Front Panel Ports can be selected i mrn using the Edit pull down menu or by double clicking any port on the front panel Ports can be configured using the Configure and then Port pull down menus Core Switch 1 22 98 2 43 To configure ports using ForeView either select the port using the Edit pull down menu or double click the specific port Once selected ports may then be configured using the Configure Port pull down menus Each port type is shown and may be selected for configuration as detailed in the following
46. used for Below is an outline of the components of an ASX 1000 Please label them oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo into oan m o Copyright FORE Systems 1 15 98 Core Switch 1 19 ATM Switch Hardware Practice Answers Total Time 10 minutes Completion 5 minutes Review 5 minutes It is suggested that you try to complete this exercise from memory However if you need to consult your notes or the manual feel free to do so Network Modules netmods are available in interface speeds ranging from 1 5 Mbps to 622 Mbps True False The ASX switch models which support DC power supplies are a All models b ASX 200WG ASX 200BX ASX 1000 c LE155 and ASX 200WG d None of the above How many netmods can be installed in an ASX 1000 __16_ On a Common Equipment Card CEC in an ASX 1000 what are contact pins labeled AL1 and AL2 used for Dry contact closure used to actuate an audible or visible alarm Below is an outline of the components of an ASX 1000 Please label them oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo Copyright FORE Systems 1 15 98 Core Switch 1 20 HOJNE SYSTEMS Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 21 Rack Mounting Considerations 200 210 WG 25 LE 900 1000 1100 Rack Mount Kit x Optional Optional N A Left amp Right Bracket X Optional Optional N A Cable Strain Relief Rail X Optional N A N A Stacking Bracket amp Rubber Feet N A N A Optiona
47. your console to communicate with the ASX switch product line 9600 8 N 1 2 What is the interface designation fora Classical IP interface _qaa0 FOREIP interface _ asxO_ Emulated LAN interface _elx_ 3 Can you adjust the delay the standby SCP waits before taking over for the primary SCP in the event of a primary SCP failure Yes No gt A What is the default reserved VCI range for Point to Multipoint connections 155 255 5 User ids other than AMI and ASX can be assigned Admin privileges True False 6 How would you determine if there are OC 3 LOS LOF section errors using ForeView Highlight port right click select media OC3 control Using AMI statistics port sonet 7 The AMI command statistics is a submenu item under the AMI command configuration True False 8 What AMI command line do you type to find VPI lookup errors statistics board 9 What AMI command line do you use set the switch name a b conf name C d oper flash name configuration switch name lt name gt oper switch name 10 Initial configuration of an ASX switch can be performed through the Ethernet port on the Switch Control Processor SCP True False Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 62 ROJN SYSTEMS Module 3 ForeRunner ATM Switch Maintenance Copyright FORE Systems 1 27 98 Core Switch 3 1 Component Replacement e Netmods on all switches except LE15
48. 0 98 5 9 To display ILMI configuration using ForeView you must have previously selected Signaling from the port control screen selected UNI3 x Signaling info for viewing and then ILMI from the pop up menu associated with the top button of the UNI Signaling screen Copyright FORE Systems i 5 9 4 30 98 Core Switch mO N SYSTEMS LAN Data over ATM SWC Applications LANE Classical IP FOREIP Core Switch The following section covers three different LAN data over ATM applications LANE Classical IP FOREIP We will soend considerably more time on LANE as it is an application with less restrictions and much more robust standardized support in the industry Copyright FORE Systems Core Switch 5 10 1 30 98 LANE Overview e ATM Forum Standard for IEEE 802 3 or 802 5 LAN traffic any protocol over ATM e Client Server model with LECS for configuration LES for registration BUS for broadcast multicast and LEC clients e MTU size up to 18 190 bytes default is 1516 for Ethernet 4544 for Token Ring e LEC ID encapsulation e Sixteen virtual interfaces per switch fabric elx e SVC operation based on ATM F UNI signaling and ILMI NSAP address registration Core Switch 1 30 98 5 11 The LANE standard from the ATM Forum supports both Ethernet IEEE 802 3 and Token Ring IEEE 802 5 LAN emulation for any protocol not just IP over ATM The model for LANE is client server with L
49. 0 ffe100 0000 f21a 3596 0020481a3596 f0 Core Switch 1 30 98 5 23 By typing configuration lane default show you will see the status of all services and the client that you created Notice that the LECS uses the ATM F wellknown address assigns itself the selector byte f1 and makes your switch the default LES Notice also that the default ELAN LES and BUS are co located on your switch selector byte f0 assigned and set up to support Ethernet with an MTU of 1516 The SECURE disable entry means that ELAN access control is not running The TLVs enable entry means that this ELAN can work in an MPOA environment A single LEC is created on your switch selector byte 00 with the interface designation of el0 After you have given the elO interface an ip address and admin d it up it should look like the display shown above Core Switch 5 23 1 30 98 LECS Command Definition myswitch configuration lane lecs gt admin delete new show get myswitch configuration lane lecs gt admin lt LECS index LECS index range x y gt up down myswitch configuration lane lecs gt delete lt LECS index LECS index range x y gt myswitch configuration lane lecs gt new lt LECS Selector byte HEX gt db lt LECS database file gt default lt LES atm address gt lt LECS wka gt none myswitch configuration lane lecs gt show lt LECS index gt myswitch configuration lane lecs gt
50. 1TransmittedMessages q2931ReceivedMessages Press return for more q to quit q myswitch statistics nsapfilter gt calls Port VPI Direction Accept Reject Unmatched 0 incoming 0 outgoing Core Switch 1 28 98 6 16 To display signaling UNI in the above example statistics for a particular fabric using AMI commands simply type statistics spans or signalling as shown above The display shows you the value in the counter for each specific item and the delta to that value since you checked it last Notice also that you can gather nsap address filter statistics for the individual port path entities Copyright FORE Systems 4 28 98 Core Switch 6 16 ESA Statistics signaling ForeView x Poem Sl a kusadis YP BLES 109 1 2 CEE Sra Slats we W iia Dust e LA kbi ea iF _ LB Sh Sia be dit Core Switch 1 28 98 6 17 Signaling statistics in ForeView are obtained by selecting Signaling from the Port Control screen shown above on the left This brings up the Signaling Control screen shown above upper right By selecting the type of signaling you want information about and clicking the upper right info button you are taken to the Signaling Information screen By selecting Status amp Statistics from the button at the top you will see the Signaling Status and Statistics information Copyright FORE Systems 6 17 4 28 98 C
51. 4 4 4 FOREIP Intf 1 1 1 4 4 CLIP Intf 4 4 4 16 16 LANE Intf 4 16 16 64 64 LES BUS 2 4 4 16 16 Hot Swap NM Yes No Yes Yes Yes Hot Swap Pwr No No Yes Yes Yes Hot Swap SCP No No Yes Yes Yes Hot Swap Fab No No No Yes Yes Hot Swap Fans No No No Yes Yes DC Power No No Yes Yes Yes Dual Feed AC No No Yes Yes Yes Copyright FORE Systems 1 15 98 Core Switch 1 8 Switch Control Processor Oe Wiel sew NEXT SELECT Core Switch 1 15 98 1 9 The Switch Control Processor SCP is available as an i960 based processor or as a Pentium based processor The i960ha is used as the ASX 200WG 25 processor the i960cf is found in the LE 155 The i960ha is also the standard SCP for the ASX 200BX TNX 210 and ASX 1000 TNX 1100 MSC 900 The Pentium based SCP is an option for all ASX and TNX switches Each SCP type supports a unique combination of Flash and RAM ASX 200WG 25 i960ha 4M Flash 16M RAM single onl LE 155 i960cf 3M Flash 16M RAM not swappable ASX 200BX amp ASX i960ha 4M Flash 16M 1000 standard ASX 200BX amp ASX i960ha 4M Flash 32M RAM i960ha 1000 optional Pentium 8M Flash 64M RAM Pentium TNX 210 ee 1100 amp i960ha an PEJ 32M RAM TNX MSC 900 standard es with two MSC with one TNX 210 amp T 1100 aT Flash S N RAM optional The LE 155 contains an i960cf but does not have an Ethernet connection Next or Select buttons or a display as shown above For dual SCP operation both
52. 5 are hot swappable e i960ha amp Pentium SCPs are hot swappable e Switch boards fabrics on MSC 900s ASX 1000s amp TNX 1100s are hot swappable e Fan Tray on MSC 900 ASX 1000 amp TNX 1100 is hot swappable e Should be completed in 15 20 minutes e Power Supplies on all switches except LE155 and ASX 200WG 25 are hot swappable e CEC TCM on MSC 900 and TNX 1100 is hot swappable Core Switch 1 27 98 3 2 Copyright FORE Systems With the exception of the LE155 all switches contain netmods which are hot swappable Netmods and ports can be admin d down for testing purposes or netmod removal and netmods can be reset which performs the same functions as swapping the netmod with power applied Both i960ha and Pentium SCPs may be hot swapped and both are capable of dualscp configuration and operation In the case of single SCP operation if an SCP is removed with power applied new VCs will not be able to be built SVC connections will begin to be taken down as their signaling link status messages are not processed but PVCs may remain for some time This is because the SCP is only involved in the signaling setup and status processing of VCs not cell flows Entire fabrics are hot swappable on the multi fabric switches in the case where the fabric Switch board itself has faulted Fan trays are hot swappable and for those sites containing a large number of multi fabric switches it woul
53. 5Mbps netmods and one 4 port 155Mbps netmod or a configuration with four 6 port 25Mbps netmods as shown above Copyright FORE Systems 1 15 98 Core Switch 1 4 LE 139 Hardware wa Configuration Port Expansion Module PEM optional e Blank Faceplate i e No PEM 4 ports UTP5 Status LEDs and Reset 2 ports UTP5 and 2 ports MMF 4 ports MMF or Serial Port 1 port OC 12c STM 4c MMF Rack Mount Base Unit Holes 12 ports of 155 Mbps UTP5 or MMF Sides OC 3c STS 3c SONET SDH ATM Switching Fabric e Output Buffers e Switch Control Processor Integral Power Supply Outlet Back Core Switch 1 15 98 1 5 The LE 155 incorporates an i960cf as the switch control processor The LE 155 is offered in a fixed configuration with 12 ports of ATM interfaces in either UTP5 or MMF 155Mbps SONET SDH One optional Port Expansion Module PEM can also be included as a 4 port UTP5 ATM module a 2 port UTP5 and 2 port MMF ATM module a 4 port MMF ATM module or a 1 port OC 12c MMF ATM module Note that the serial interface on the LE 155 is a male Dsub 9 pin connector like the ASX Pentium switch series Note also that each port only has one LED associated with it The LED will blink green for Tx and Rx traffic yellow for receive side SONET alarms and red for loss of signal LOS Near the Reset button same form and function as ASX series are two LEDs labeled S1 and S2 S1 s use is undetermined at this time but S2 perfo
54. 8 Core Switch Problem Isolation e In a multi switch environment first determine if the problem affects one switch a connected pair of switches all switches related to one or more connections or all switches e Depending on the outcome of the above step troubleshoot the switch the NNI link the connection VPI VCl or the application LANE services or Classical IP ARP server Core Switch 1 28 98 6 2 In any multi product in this case ATM switch network the first troubleshooting step is to ascertain the extent of the problem Does the problem seem to be affecting only one switch a pair of connected switches all switches involved in the support of one end to end connection or all switches This first step will dictate the approach used to troubleshoot If that approach is followed to the end it will either solve the problem or lead to the discovery of a more extensive problem In either case these are positive corrective actions The following slides review each of these possible approaches Copyright FORE Systems j 6 2 1 28 98 Core Switch One Switch problems e Does the switch look right e Power polarity display e Is the switch responsive e Telnet Serial Port ForeView e What is its configuration e Is signaling ilmi on for appropriate ports e Are PVCs present and appropriate e Are the application services configured correctly on this switch Core Switch 1 28 98 6 3 For
55. 98 Core Switch 2 47 Configuring Other Port Types e AMI ForeView methods are same as for SONET ports e Exception is TAXI whose media is not configurable e Following slides are AMI methods for e ATM DS3 e ATM DS1 e CES DS1 Core Switch 1 22 98 2 48 All other port types are configured using very similar methods and ForeView screens An exception is TAXI whose physical media is not configurable through AMI or ForeView Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 48 Configuring DS3 Ports AMI myswitch configuration port gt ds3 emptycells framing length loopback mode scrambling show timing myswitch configuration port ds3 gt sh Port Carrier Status Mode Framing Loopback Timing Scrambling EmptyCells Length 1A1 yes 0x1 plcp cbit none internal off unassigned Gt225 1A2 yes 0x1 plcp cbit none internal off unassigned Gt225 1 22 98 2 49 By typing the AMI command conf port ds3 you can see each item that is configurable for ds3 interfaces The mode may be set on a per port basis to plcp Physical Layer Convergence Procedure or hcs Header Check Sequence based framing for cell delineation The default is hcs DS3 framing may be designated on a per port basis as cchannel clear channel M23 or cbit cbit parity which is the default Per port cell payload line diag loopbacks may be assigned to isolate problems to the network netmod port On a per port basis timing may be selected as internal defaul
56. C 900 come with redundant load sharing hot swappable power supplies in either 120 240 VAC or 48 VDC and a hot swappable fan tray The MSC 900 is a fixed configuration concentrator subset of the TNX 1100 product It must be configured with one slot used only for uplink purposes Two additional slots can be also used as uplinks or may be used for access The potential uplink slots are slot A and B in fabric 1 and slot C in fabric 4 Uplink slots must contain OC 3c interfaces or greater i e OC 12c The remaining 13 slots are used only for access Access slots must contain DS 3 interfaces or smaller i e DS 1 Placing an uplink netmod in an access slot causes an error message to be displayed Copyright FORE Systems 1 15 98 Core Switch 1 7 Switch Comparison Matrix Switches ASX 200WG 25 LE 155 ASX 200BX ASX 1000 TNX 210 TNX 1100 MSC 900 of Ports 22 24 12 16 2 32 2 128 61 124 Processor i960ha i960cf i960ha P5 i960ha P5 i960ha P5 Intf Rates 25 155Mbps 155 622Mbps_ 1 5 622Mbps 1 5 622Mbps 1 5622Mbps Sw Band 2 5Gbps 2 5Gbps 2 5Gbps 10Gbps 10Gbps Timing Yes Limited Yes Yes Yes UNI 3 0 3 1 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ILMI Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NSAP E 164 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes IISP FT PNNI Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ATMF PNNI Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 2 bucket UPC Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Per VC Queue Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes EPD PPD Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes EFCI ER Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Cell Buffer NM up to 32K up to 64K up to 64K up to 64K up to 64K QoS levels 4 4
57. CES LOF 32 CES LOS 64 By typing conf port cesds1 linestatus you can get an individual port and alarm status plus an indication of loopback status Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 9 51 Configuring Port LED ee indication AMI myswitch configuration port gt led model show myswitch configuration port led gt model lt port gt lan1 wan1 lan2 wan2 myswitch configuration port led gt show Port Type rxLED txLED Model 1B1 OC3 auto auto lani 1B2 OC3 red auto lan2 1B3 OC3 red green wani 1B4 OC3 red yellow wan2 Core Switch 1 22 98 2 52 For Series C LC and D netmods the LEDs associated with each port s transmit and receive connection can be configured to represent one of four different models Typically LAN port LEDs blink to indicate traffic flow while WAN port LEDs illuminate solid green unless an error condition is encountered on that port For the lani and wani models red means a fault in the receive direction yellow means a fault in the transmit direction and green means no fault auto indicates that the LED is under hardware control and is normally dark with green blinks to indicate traffic flow For these two models only the receive LED color changes lan1 is the default mode For the lan2 and wan2 models red means a line fault yellow means a path fault and auto green means no fault For these two models both transmit and receive
58. Creation Core Switch 1 30 98 5 13 Although this is not a switch specific event it is essential for a proper lecs cfg file to be created which matches your eventual LANE network requirements Lecs cfg files are created using text editor programs or VLAN Manager which will be discussed later and stored in a tftpboot directory ready for download to any device running the LECS server software Before configuring this file perform the following tasks 1 Determine the topology of the ELAN environment 2 Assign a name for each ELAN 3 Determine the ATM NSAP address for the LES of each ELAN 4 Determine which ELANs require LEC failover or DLE support 5 Determine a selector byte sequence for servers and switch based LECs 6 Determine if you require or desire a redundant LECS 7 Determine if any or all LECs will require a default ELAN 8 Determine if any of the ELANs will require specific parameters i e timeouts MTU size changes etc 9 If you are using an existing or the default lecs cfg file to start with make a copy of the original file and move it to the tftpboot directory for editing Core Switch 5 13 1 30 98 Sa Sample LECS Configuration File Core Switch 1 30 98 5 14 Shown above is a sample lecs cfg file which includes examples of most all optional types of fields The following slides provide more detail about each of these fields Copyright FORE Systems i 5 14 o Core Switch Copy
59. ECs as clients and three different functional servers LES for MAC to ATM NSAP address registration BUS for broadcast multicast support and LECS for configuration services We support up to 16 virtual client interfaces LECs per switch fabric LANE is an SVC based service utilizing ATM F based UNI signaling connections to NSAP ATM addresses registered using ILMI Copyright FORE Systems Core Switch 5 11 1 30 98 LANE Switch based Services e Use AMI or ForeView VLAN Manager e Use a logical order e Review network requirements e Create lecs cfg file to reflect requirements e Perform switch functions e Get lecs cfg e Start LECS e Start LES BUS pairs and DLE peers as appropriate e Start any required switch LECs e Verify switch functionality e Add non switch LECs and verify functionality Core Switch 1 30 98 5 12 Creating ATM switch based LANE services should be a very logically ordered process First determine what you are trying to accomplish with this network Then create an lecs cfg file which supports those goals Then if you are using the switch as the ELAN service provider start any services which the switch will support including switch based clients Then add any non switch based clients to those ELANs In all cases verify each step as you proceed with the process Copyright FORE Systems Core Switch 5 12 1 30 98 Copyright FORE Systems ROJN SYSTEMS LECS Configuration File
60. FORE Systems Inc General commands to get list of commands at the current level up to go up one menu level top to go to the root menu exit to leave AMI Opening a session for 127 0 0 1 please wait Connected to 127 0 0 1 asx200bx myswitch gt Core Switch 1 22 98 2 4 When you have connected to the serial port correctly the login prompt will display Type in ami If a password has been assigned you will be prompted to enter the password If no password was assigned the messages shown above will be displayed and a session is opened with the SCP The 127 0 0 1 IP address shown is for the lo0 loopback or localhost interface for the SCP s IP stack This interface is up by default at power on for serial port based ami configuration access to the other switch interfaces e g Ethernet out of band or ATM virtual interfaces in band By default a serial port connection times out after five minutes of inactivity After four minutes of inactivity you get a message stating that AMI will timeout in 60 sec if there is no activity At ten second intervals following this first message the message is repeated counting down the final minute Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 4 Initial Switch Configuration e FORE s ATM switches are operational without user configuration e Recommended initial configuration includes e IP address for Ethernet ATM Interface
61. LAN True False Copyright FORE Systems Core Switch 9 92 1 30 98 SVC Network Connections Answers Total Time 10 minutes Completion 5 minutes Review 5 minutes It is suggested that you try to complete this exercise from memory However if you need to consult your notes or the manual feel free to do so 1 The ATM Forum LANE standard allows for the use of which of the following MTU maximum transmission unit sizes a 1516 bytes b 18 190 bytes c 65 535 bytes d aandb e b andc 2 In the LECS configuration file a missing group implies that the key and value apply only to the next emulated LAN listed True False 3 LECS configuration file accept and reject rules consist of the following four types MAC Address NSAP Address NSAP Equal Length Bit Mask NSAP with embedded X don t cares 4 When configuring DLE peers you only have to enter the NSAPs of other devices and not your own True False 5 The configuration lane les show lt index gt advanced AMI command provides the following information about a LES on the switch a control distribute connections the LES maintains to each LEC b LES and BUS NSAP addresses c MAC to NSAP address mapping for each LEC in the ELAN and whether or not it is a proxy d point to point connections the LES maintains to each LEC e all of the above 6 The information concerning a colocated bus is displayed under the configuration lane
62. LEDs may change color but faults in the receive direction may mask some transmit faults Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 52 This page intentionally blank Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 53 EA Switch Module and Port Statistics e May be used as a diagnostic or installation configuration verification tool ATM Layered Statistics e Connection Statistics Product Statistics e Board Fabric e Module Port Core Switch 1 22 98 2 54 By examining the available switch statistics the user can determine if the switch or any of the installed modules ports paths and channels are operating properly Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 54 Statistics hoard module AMI myswitch statistics gt aal0 aal4 atm atmroute gt board cese1 cesds1 ces ctlport icmp interface i ipaccess module nsapfilter gt port spans tcp signalling vcc vpc myswitch statistics gt board Board VPI Lookup Errors VCl Lookup Errors 1 1241 562 myswitch statistics gt module 1A Module Priority Status Size Qlength Overflows 1A 0 enabled 512 0 0 1A 1 enabled 512 0 0 myswitch statistics gt module traffic 2B Module Model Ucasts Mcasts Mouts Cells Shared Used 2B 2 30 1 6 0 7392 4 Core Switch 1 22 98 2 55 Statistics may be gathered for a large number of items using the statistics AMI command You may gather statistics related to the ATM layered model i e aalx atm and physical laye
63. M network to communicate build dynamic connections they must each be identifiable The ATM Forum and ITU T have decided to use Network Service Access Point NSAP ATM addresses to uniquely identify these devices in a primarily private ATM network and E 164 addresses in a primarily public global ATM network Interim Local Management Interface ILMI was chosen by these same organizations to act as the messaging protocol which would allow NSAP address registration to take place When an NSAP address is built using ILMI over a UNI interface what actually happens is that the switch sends its portion of the address switch prefix to each active host The host then adds its unique portion End System Identifier ESI field and virtual interface Selector Byte SEL to the switch prefix and sends it back over ILMI to the switch In this way each ATM device in the network has a unique address Copyright FORE Systems 1 30 98 Core Switch 5 3 Signaling Configuration AMI myswitch configuration gt signalling delete modify new show myswitch configuration signalling gt new lt port gt lt vpi gt version auto uni30 uni31 pnni10 ilmi up down side user network type auto publicUNI IISP privateNNI privateUNl atm layer options sigvci lt vci gt ilmivci lt vci gt insigupc lt upc index gt outsigupc lt upc index gt minvei lt vci gt maxvei lt vci gt protocol options
64. PVC connections Copyright FORE Systems j 4 2 1 27 98 Core Switch Virtual Circuit Review First we have the cable e ATM Addressing Defines Paths and Channels Core Switch 1 27 98 4 3 Setting up virtual circuits means that the user creates spaces within the media to carry the data A good analogy is creating a paved highway and then drawing lines to segregate the traffic into specific lanes These are like paths within the media Similarly some superhighways have special lanes within lanes for different types of vehicles for example high occupancy lanes These lanes within lanes are similar to constructing channels within a path Remember that no channel can be created without first having a defined path Each ATM cell has a potentially unique Path and Channel identification number This number defines a unique channel within a unique path within a unique physical cable attached to an ATM device port An ATM switch looks at that path and or channel number on a specific port and maps it to a potentially equally unique path and or channel number on a different port This process enables switching Devices which conduct the full path and channel mapping are called Virtual Path Terminators VPTs Some switches only map path to path without regard to channel number and these Virtual Path Connections VPCs are called through paths Copyright FORE Systems j 4 3 1 27 98 Core
65. SPVC Channel Tool screen shown above Notice that besides source and destination selections there are buttons for Bearer Class Clipping etc PNNI SPVCs are inherently bidirectional which means that a single call setup establishes the circuit in both directions unlike SPANS SPVCs you do not have to open a session to the remote switch to create the SPVC Copyright FORE Systems i 4 29 1 27 98 Core Switch Showing PNNI SPVCs AMI myswitch configuration spvc pnni gt show usage show lt spvcid gt orig term advanced myswitch configuration spvc pnni gt show Originating PNNI SPVCs Source Destination INDEX PORT VPI VCI UPC PORT VPI VCI UPC VPVC SEL STATE 16451 1A1 0 100 0 1B1 any any 0 noPref down Destination 0x47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21b 19cd 0020480d0008 00 24341 1A1 0 101 0 1B1 0 32 0 noPref up Destination 0x47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21 b 19c3 0020480d0008 00 Terminating PNNI SPVCs Source Destination INDEX PORT VPI VCI PORT VPI VCI STATE 11 1B1 0 100 1A3 0 32 up Source 0x47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21b 19 3 0020480d0008 00 myswitch conf spve pnni gt show advanced adds BearerClass ForwardQ oS BackwardQoS Clip Cost Reroute FT PNNI DTL Name Domainid QoSExpIndex Last Failure Cause Uptime Downtime and Retry Count information to above display for each Originating and Terminating PNNI SPVC as appropriate Core Switch 1 27 98 4 30 Notice that you may select a certain SPVC by id to sh
66. Switch PVC Through Path VPC Usage e Through paths allow cells to pass through a switch without being fully processed no channel mapping e Port Path mapped to Port Path Laurel Core Switch 1 27 98 4 4 PVC Through paths VPCs route an entire virtual path which may consist of one or more virtual channels through an ATM switch When a cell is received by a switch on a through path the VPI is examined to determine the cell s output port and VPI The VPI value may change but the VCI remains the same In this example switch Larry will hand off the cells that it receives from Moe to Curly The next slide elaborates on this concept Copyright FORE Systems 1 27 98 Core Switch 4 4 Creating a Through Path VPC e Through paths switch on VPI only e Creating a through path conf vpc new lt iport gt lt ivpi gt lt oport gt lt ovpi gt upc lt index gt name lt name gt inctype orig tran term outctype orig tran term pmp mpp mpmp shapeivpi lt vpi gt e Connections are uni directional In Port In Path OutPort Out Path 1A1 10 1B2 20 Core Switch 1 27 98 4 5 The required parameters for creating a Through Path VPC are iport the port number where the through path enters the switch Always associated to the receive side of the physical port ivpi the virtual path identifier at the input point of the switch
67. Technical Education ATM Core Switch Table of Contents ATM Core Switch Course Module 1 ForeRunner ATM Switch Hardware Description _ Rack Mounting Considerations Management Configuration Login from the serial port Login for Setting the Switch Name SSS Setting the Date and Time i _ 1 1 nitial Switch Configuration ATM Switch IP Interfaces P Address Configuration Starting a ForeView Session 00 Continued on next page Starting a Telnet Session Module 2 Page ForeRunner ASX Switch Installation and Configuration 7 10 11 13 14 15 16 17 2 T 2 3 5 T 0 1 2 3 2 2 2 2 N Table of Contents Module 2 Page ForeRunner ASX Switch Installation and Configuration PO O o Statistics board module AMI 45 Displaying Port Information ForeView 25 26 28 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 46 47 Port Graphing ForeView J Port Logging ForeView J ASX Installation Verification J5 Module 3 Page ForeRunner ASX Switch Maintenance 9 0 2 7 Upgrading with ForeView 10 12 Continued on next page Table of Contents Module 3 Page ForeRunner ASX Switch Maintenance ak O O1 13 14 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 Displaying Port Information AMI Displaying Port Information ForeView Configuring SONET Por
68. UPC Contracts ForeView x ForeView Virtual Path Channel Tool ioj x Tool Type PE A Channel Control B Switch 198 29 21 5 Direction A gt B Switch 198 29 21 5 Port fit ed a Wel wip iebes 0 wip yer 100 UPC Contract default_ubr 0 ycr 100 Browse Clear Options Modify Delete Traci Channel Sre Sre Input Sre Input Sre Input Dest Output Dest Output Te Type Switch Port VPI YEI Port VPI VC PYC 1c2 0 100 202 0 PYC 202 0 100 1c2 0 198 29 21 5 100 198 29 21 5 100 Core Switch 1 27 98 4 23 To apply a UPC contract using ForeView select UPC Contract from the PVC or PVP creation screen select the UPC pre configured contract of your choice and select Apply Copyright FORE Systems j 4 23 1 27 98 Core Switch This page intentionally blank Copyright FORE Systems i 4 24 1 27 98 Core Switch SPVCs An Overview PVC Ea Ea PVC gt Es Ea Ea PVC s PVC gt PVC Core Switch 1 27 98 4 25 Smart PVCs SPVCs were created mainly to overcome a problem inherent with PVCs As shown in the top drawing a PVC is made link by link from switch to switch in a permanent fashion If any one of the links fails that PVC is not functional until the system administrator detects the problem and manually creates a new set of links around the problem This takes time at least seconds maybe minutes SPVCs on the ot
69. VCI number for VCCs using this vpt default 511 VCs the number of VCCs currently using this vpt Protocol the protocol used to create this path PVC Shape Indication of whether shaping has been enabled for this path VBROB Indicates the bandwidth overbooking level assigned to this vpt default 100 for VBR connections BuffOB Indicates the buffer overbooking level assigned to this vpt default 100 for VBR connections Copyright FORE Systems Core Switch 4 10 1 27 98 Creating a Terminating and Originating Path foreView u Fanien Weba Paik harsa Teal mi Te Pdh rp ape Originating Path wit as Reri letter Fp Teise Viina Paths Charwel To Port S aal aE Wome Cisr kira many a fori fs ol calor oe SENES Hr rr E Dait I Darrela e oe e amm Batter Oserbotirg LE Terminating Path ee m wt apne hca m ae Gajak camels Dhala Core Switch 1 27 98 4 11 To configure virtual paths or channels with ForeView you use the Channel Tool this tool can be chosen from the FVMAP icons or from the Front Panel display menu bar VPC VCC Control To configure a Terminating Path select Path from the pull down VPC VCC Control menu The screen shown on the left above will appear To configure an Originating Path select OPath from the pull down VPC VCC Control menu The screen shown on the right above will appear Notice for either you are only configuring
70. VLAN machine or host by name Find and an icon used to perform a demand poll of the network Poll Copyright FORE Systems 1 30 98 Core Switch 5 37 Creating Domains a Ene bee ieranji daman oe Core Switch 1 30 98 5 38 An administrative domain is a group of VLANs segregated by the fact in LANE that they are supervised by a unique configuration server lecs cfg file in ELAN speak To create a new domain select File Create Admin Domain from the Main Menu VLAN Manager display You will be asked to name the domain one per physical network just like LECS and the host name or IP address for the location s where the configuration server is to be located If LANE is not being used leave the configuration server host name blank If you select the advanced button you will see the screen shown above on the right where you may select the selector byte for the LECS adjust some default LECS parameters and even indicate the location where the default ELAN is to be created If you want to modify a domain after creation there is a File Modify Domain selection on the Main Menu from which you can add redundant configuration server locations or adjust default or previously configured LECS parameters Copyright FORE Systems Core Switch 5 38 1 30 98 Creating ELANS i s Creat VLAH Mikan ST TLAN Tyge a ELAN a EUa LAH A Hinala HAN anmha Typi Ehina Ee 4 Opeitienal Made Cissi
71. ackup usage backup lt host gt lt full path to backup file gt myswitch operation cdb gt backup 198 29 21 158 tftpboot bob or myswitch operation cdb gt backup bob CDB backup was successful myswitch operation cdb gt restore usage restore lt full path to backup file gt lt host gt myswitch operation cdb gt restore 198 29 21 158 tftpboot bob Core Switch 1 27 98 3 4 Notice than when you choose to backup or restore the database to from a remote host you must give the full path and filename to the backup file while if you are backing up to or restoring from flash memory you may simply enter the file name s On the switch you can use operation flash dir to see a list of cdb files in flash memory however there is currently no editing capability within flash memory Of course when backed up to a remote host you may list and manipulate these files as usual per that workstation type It is important to note that when restoring a configuration database from a file or a remote host the switch control software will be halted and restarted Be sure that your system can tolerate a momentary drop out before performing this operation When using multiple database files be sure to store them under different file names Before backing up your CDB to a remote Sun host using the tftp protocol you must create an empty file using that same name in the tftpboot directory of the host that you will be using for ba
72. al lt 130 0x1 2A3 ESF B8ZS none internal lt 130 64 2A4 ESF B8ZS none internal lt 130 64 2A5 ESF B8ZS none internal lt 130 64 2A6 ESF B8ZS none internal lt 130 64 myswitch configuration port cesds1 gt inestatus Rx Tx Rx x Alarm LOF LOF AIS AIS LOF LOS Loopback no no no no no no no ff no no no no no no no no no no no no no yes no no no no no no yes no no no no no no yes no no no no no no yes Core Switch 1 22 98 2 51 By typing the AMI command conf port cesds1 you can see each item that is configurable for cesds1 interfaces The Port column indicates the port number and its state The framing mode may be set on a per port basis to SF Super Frame or ESF Extended Super Frame The Line Code may be set on a per port basis to either B8ZS Binary 8 Zero Substitution or AMI Alternate Mark Inversion A per port line loopback may be assigned to isolate network problems On a per port basis timing may be selected as internal default or network where the receive timing on that port is used as the transmit timing reference Line length may be designated on a per port basis to adjust to the length of the cable attached to the port lt 130 if the cable is shorter than 130ft 130 260 260 390 and gt 390 if the cable is longer than 390ft The Line status column represents a summation of the following possible conditions No alarm 1 Receive LOF 2 Transmit LOF 4 Receive AIS 8 Transmit AIS 16
73. ard 1 slot a and port 3 3c6 board 3 slot c and port 6 Copyright FORE Systems 1 15 98 Core Switch 1 10 Netmods Netmod Comparison Matrix Series C Series LC Series D Interfaces OC 12c OC 3c DS3 E3 ATM25 J2 E1 T1 Cell Buffers dependencies size in cells Connections dependencies Unicast max Multicast max QoS Support Buffer Mgmt Scheduling Shaping Port stats Conn stats Copyright FORE Systems 1 15 98 MM SMIR UTP MM SMSR SMLR Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes memory model 2 048 ATM25 10 240 others memory model 11 264 1 024 UNI 3 1 CBR VBR UBR UNI 4 0 CBR nrtVBR UBR EPD module CLP1 QoS port 3 WRR QoS amp priority Q0S VP 1 per port 4 none MM SMIR UTP MM SMIR No No No No No No VC counters off 32 768 OC 3c 65 536 OC 12c memory model MM SMIR SMLR MM SMIR SMLR Yes Yes No No Yes Yes none 32 768 all fixed with 8 counters VC amp port 6 144 12 288 OC 3c OC 12c 10 240 DS3 E3 E1 T1 512 1 024 OC 3c OC 12c 512 DS3 E3 E1 T1 UNI 3 1 CBR UNI 3 1 CBR VBR UBR VBR UBR UNI 4 0 CBR UNI 4 0 CBR nrtVBR nrtVBR rtVBR rtVBR ABR UBR ABR UBR EPD module EPD module UBR amp CBR VBR UBR amp CBR VBR CLP1 QoS port CLP1 CLP01 QoS port CLP1 CLP01 VC QoS 3 WRR QoS 3 per VC smoothed CBR amp W rest guaranteed round robin none VP and VC 4 per QoS 7 per QoS 2 4 per
74. are unidirectional When setting up connections the user must remember that originating and terminating are from the switch perspective In the example above The host Laurel has established a connection to a port on the first switch Moe where it terminates Moe originates an inter switch connection to Larry Larry has a terminated connection from Moe and also originates a connection to Curly Finally Curly originates a connection to host Hardy Connections are also set up through the switches from Hardy to Laurel in the opposite direction Each of these connections can be setup to ride on a specific virtual path identifiers VPI or virtual channel identifiers VCI on a link by link basis Core Switch 4 8 1 27 98 Copyright FORE Systems Creating Terminating and Originating Paths VPTs AMI e Creating a Terminating Originating path e conf vpt new lt port gt lt vpi gt termjorig reserved lt Kbs gt minvci lt minvci gt maxvci lt maxvci gt e Advanced options shapeovpi lt vpi gt vbrob lt percent gt vbrbuffob lt percent gt e Modifying a Terminating Originating path e conf vpt modify lt port gt lt vpi gt term orig reserved lt Kbps gt Bes Fore Extended QoS options for both Create and Modify cbr none default lt QosExt Index gt rtvbr nrtvbr ubr abr Same as cbr Core Switch 1 27 98 4 9 The require
75. ation lane default new command you will have created a single ELAN with the name default It is an Ethernet ELAN with an MTU size of 1516 The LES and BUS are colocated and the LECS uses the ATM F well known address A single LEC is also created on this ELAN To make this LEC active simply go to configuration ip and assign an IP address to the el0 interface that was created and make it active with the command configuration ip admin elO up Remember that your switch resident lecs cfg file must contain an ELAN with the name default and your switch s LES NSAP address with the appropriate accept statement all x s most likely Copyright FORE Systems 1 30 98 Core Switch 5 22 Copyright FORE Systems Displaying the Default ELAN myswitch configuration lane default gt show LECS Information Index AdminStatus OperStatus Selector WKA Database 1 up up Oxfi atm forum lecs cfg Default LES 0x47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21a 3596 0020481a3596 f0 LES BUS Information Index AdminStatus OperStatus LesSel Type MTU ELAN SECURE TLVs 1 up up Oxf0 ethernet 1516 default disable enable LES 0x47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21a 3596 0020481a3596 f0 BUS 0x47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21a 3596 0020481a3596 f0 Co_Located LEC Information Admin Oper Index Status Status Sel Mode MACaddress_ If Name ELAN 1 up up 0x00 wellknown 0620481a3596_ el0 default LECS 0x47 0079 00 000000 0000 0000 0000 00a03e000001 00 LES 0x47 0005 8
76. broadcast lo0 up 127 0 0 1 255 0 0 0 N A ie0 down 169 144 229 45 255 255 255 0 169 144 229 255 asx0 down qaa0 down 169 144 230 45 255 255 255 0 N A qaal down qaa2 down qaa3 down IP Forwarding State not forwarding Core Switch 1 22 98 2 10 Notice that setting the address for a given interface does not change its administrative state You must specifically enter the admin command next slide for each interface whose state you wish to change You can selectively set the state to up or down Notice also that you do not have to type in netmask and broadcast mask values unless you want to use something different from the assigned default values Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 10 SYSTEMS myswitch myswitch myswitch interface lo0 ie0 asx0 qaa0 qaa1 qaa2 qaa3 IP Address Configuration cont d state up down down down down configuration ip gt admin ie0 up configuration ip gt adm qaa0 up configuration ip gt sh address netmask broadcast 127 0 0 1 255 0 0 0 N A 169 144 229 45 255 255 255 0 169 144 229 255 169 144 230 45 255 255 255 0 N A IP Forwarding State not forwarding myswitch configuration ip gt Core Switch 1 22 98 2 11 Notice on this slide that after each individually addressed interface has been admin d up its state now has changed from down to up At this point the switch can transmit to or receive from any other valid interface on the
77. bus show menu True False Copyright FORE Systems 1 30 98 Core Switch 5 53 SVC Network Connections Answers Total Time 10 minutes Completion 5 minutes Review 5 minutes It is suggested that you try to complete this exercise from memory However if you need to consult your notes or the manual feel free to do so 7 Which of the following statements is true of Classical IP over ATM a Classical IP over ATM is defined by the IETF in RFC 1577 b Classical IP over ATM has no broadcast or multicast capability c Classical IP over ATM employs SPANS UNI signaling and ILMI NSAP address registration d The default MTU size for FORE s CLIP interface is 9 180 bytes e a b and d above 8 When configuring the FORE switch using ForeView ARP Server creation is done from the Configure pull down menu on the Front Panel View True False 9 Match the data over ATM application on the left with the proper feature listed on the right indicate all that apply LANE bcde a IP supported only CLIP ade b Multi protocol FOREIP_ ac c Broadcast Multicast supported d Standards based Signaling e Uses ILMI for Address Registration 10 The VLAN Manager supplied with ForeView 4 2 is able to change the LE_ARP Cache aging time for a particular ELAN True False Copyright FORE Systems 1 30 98 Core Switch 5 54 ROJN SYSTEMS Module 6 Network Troubleshooting Copyright FORE Systems i 6 1 1 28 9
78. ch 1 22 98 2 28 If you select a switch by clicking on it once with the mouse the switch icon will be surrounded by a blue box indicating that it is selected as shown above The first icon on the left of the above screen may then be used to move to a front panel view of that selected component click on icon and release on front panel pull down The front panel view shown on the next page may then be used to monitor items related to switch module port characteristics Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 28 ca foreVew Front Panel Screen e From this view you get an accurate representation of switch configuration and alarms port type and status etc File Gace Detigee Tate Pla OLA Geel ate Tm mM AAKER d od 0d oo og 0d OC OG habe Core Switch 1 22 98 2 29 The Front Panel view allows you access to many switch specific pieces of information Clicking on the FORE logo displays switch information like running conf sw sh under AMI Clicking on a port shows port statistics Clicking on the display LED shows SCP statistics The port LEDs represent current link status and even show the name of the device to which that port is attached The panel at the top of the switch shows power supply and temperature status In the following slides you will see which of these are very useful to complete a thorough switch installation Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 29 Dis
79. ckup For the examples shown above perform the following steps Change to the tftpboot directory cd tftpboot Create an empty file called bob touch bob Allow the switch to write to bob chmod 777 bob Copyright FORE Systems 1 27 98 Core Switch 3 4 CDB Reset and Init myswitch operation cdb gt backup init reset restore myswitch operation cdb gt reset kkkkkkkkkk W A R N l N G kkkkkkkkkk This operation resets the switch configuration database As a result the switch control software will be restarted You will lose connectivity with the switch while this operation is progressing Are you sure you want to reset the CDB n y The switch will restart momentarily Core Switch 1 27 98 3 5 Copyright FORE Systems The reset option allows the user to remove all database information i e PVCs while maintaining all switch interface and associated IP address information The init option will completely remove all the database information including IP addresses assigned to the switch interface s If you do not wish to remove the IP configuration of the switch choose the reset option rather than init The response to the issuance of the operation cdb init command is different from that of the operation cdb reset command stating This command will re initialize the CDB and reboot the switch Do you really want to remove ALL permanent information from the database INCLUDING the conf
80. d make sense to have a spare fan tray on site With the exception of the LE155 and ASX 200WG 25 who only have one power supply all other switches have hot swappable power supplies in either AC or DC configuration The CEC contains two Timing Control Modules TCMs which are hot swappable in the event of a failure Core Switch 3 2 1 27 98 Configuration Database Operations tftpboot directory ASX 200BX PET F ASH backup restore Restore must be tftp server destroy destroy ATM info all info save IP conf info Core Switch 1 27 98 3 3 The drawing above shows the four different operations available under operation cdb backup restore reset init The Switch Configuration Database is used to store user configurable parameters such as Port SPANS State PVC entries etc You may choose to have multiple database files stored in flash memory on the switch or alternatively on a remote host This function allows you to use different configurations when required as well as keeping a back up of configuration changes in the unlikely event of a switch failure If you wish to remove entries from the configuration database you must either manually delete them through AMI or by choosing reset or init you may delete the entire database Copyright FORE Systems 1 27 98 Core Switch CDB Backup and Restore myswitch operation cdb gt backup init reset restore myswitch operation cdb gt b
81. d parameters for a Terminating or Originating path include port amp vpi the physical input output port and input output virtual path identifier to be created termljorig identifies this path as either a Terminating or Originating Path The optional parameters for a Terminating or Originating path include reserved the amount of bandwidth specified in Kbits second that should be reserved for this path This parameter is optional and if not specified is assumed to be 0 or UBR minvci the minimum number of Virtual Channels the path should support This parameter is optional and if not specified is assumed to be 1 maxvei the total number of Virtual Channels the path should support This parameter is optional and if not specified is assumed to be 511 The advanced optional parameters for an Originating path include shapeovpi indicates the output port of a traffic shaping originating path This parameter is optional and is used only when shaping is required for the originating path vbrob indicates the percentage of bandwidth overbooking assigned to this path for VBR traffic Only integer values greater than or equal to 1 are valid The default is 100 which implies that no overbooking has been defined Values less than 100 imply underbooking greater than 100 implies overbooking vbrbuffob indicates the percentage of buffer overbooking assigned to this path for VBR traffic Valid values for this parameter are the sam
82. d with a table of 32 authorized entries may gain access to the IP interfaces of the switch NSAP filtering may be configured for calls based on a combination of calling and called NSAP addresses as well as source and destination ports VPls and NSAP address masks There are four access methods which may be associated with a User ID serial network telnet all both serial and network and none All of these options are presented in more detail in the following slides Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 14 Displaying UseriD Information myswitch configuration gt security myswitch configuration security gt ipaccess gt login gt nsapfiltering gt myswitch configuration gt ogin myswitch configuration security login gt show Authentication Login Userid Method Privileges Access 123456789 ami admin is amp S admin marketing securid user network myswitch configuration security login gt Core Switch 1 22 98 2 15 To display your current UserlD configuration simply type configuration security login show Note that this command is only available to users with admin privileges The display shows a list of Userids their associated authentication methods their privilege level and their access method Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 15 Creating a new UseriD and or new password conf security login new lt userid gt auth local securid priv admin user acce
83. ddress for the internal switch interface s set the broadcast and subnet masks turn IP forwarding on or off add or delete static routes bring the switch interface s administratively up or down and show the current state of the interface s By issuing the show command AMI will read the current status of the switch interfaces and return this information to the screen Notice that with a new switch the asx0 and qaa lt n gt interfaces as well as the Ethernet interface are unconfigured and that the LANE el lt n gt interfaces do not even show up until specific LANE commands are issued In order to allow IP access to the switch which in turn will enable SNMP access you must configure an IP address for at least one of the interfaces The loO interface is up and assigned a default address automatically so you can always determine the state of your IP stack by pinging that address By setting an IP address for the asx0 one of the qaa lt n gt or one of the el0 interfaces you allow in band over ATM access to the switch control processor By configuring an IP address on the Ethernet interface ie0 you enable out of band access to the switch control processor Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 9 IP Address Configuration SYSTEMS contd myswitch configuration ip gt address ie0 169 144 229 45 myswitch configuration ip gt add qaa0 169 144 230 45 myswitch configuration ip gt sh interface state address netmask
84. der myswitch configuration system dualscp gt Core Switch 1 22 98 2 34 As shown above the configuration system dualscp AMI section allows you access to several areas related to utilizing dual SCPs The show command allows you to see your current dualscp configuration The primary command is used to designate which SCP will be utilized initially to control the switch after start up The failover command allows you to enable the failover function i e the standby SCP will activate when the controlling SCP fails The threshold command allows you to designate the amount of time that the standby SCP waits for a heartbeat signal from the controlling SCP before it takes over The autoremove command enables the standby SCP to automatically remove files or directories if they do not match the files being synchronized with from the controlling SCP The autosync command enables automatic synchronization of the CDB and password to the standby SCP anytime those files are written to on the controlling SCP The reset command forces the standby SCP to reboot The switchover command forces the standby SCP to take over from the controlling SCP The synchronize command forces SCPs to synchronize one or more of the following items as shown above Flash CDB LECS OS Password Securid Secret Securid node secret file and Loader Mini Loader The Init option initializes the Flash
85. e You may also reset the netmod all connections on this network module will be torn down and rebuilt as appropriate as a result of this command Depending on the number and type of connections involved it may take a few seconds Resetting is similar in effect to removing and replacing with power applied Copyright FORE Systems Gore Switch 3 16 1 27 98 Copyright FORE Systems Testing Series D Netmods myswitch configuration module gt admin 3A down Disabling the network module will destroy all existing connections on the module Disable the network module n y myswitch operation module gt test 3A Testing a network module may take 5 10 minutes Start the test n y Press the ENTER key to abort the test Network module tests successful myswitch configuration module gt admin 3A up Core Switch 1 27 98 3 17 Series D netmods may be tested using the operation module test command You should first admin the netmod down as discussed previously and shown above The tests take 5 10 minutes to complete If you want to abort the tests before completion just press lt ENTER gt during the tests You will receive the message Do you want to abort the tests n Tree You may type y to abort or n or lt ENTER gt to continue with the tests Remember to admin the netmod up after the test is completed Core Switch 3 17 1 27 98 Switch Environment Troubleshooting
86. e as for vbrob QoSExt index references may also be assigned on a per VPT per QoS basis Core Switch 4 9 1 27 98 Creating a Terminating and Originating Path AMI Example myswitch configuration vpt gt new 1c7 20 term reserved 10000 Would you like to create the originating side also y myswitch configuration vpt gt show 1c1 Input Output Port VPI Port VPI ResBW CurBW MinVCI MaxVCs VCs Protocol 1C1 0 terminate N A 0 8K 1 511 6 pvc 1C1 20 terminate 10 0M 0 8K 1 511 6 pvc originate 1C1 0 N A 0 8K 1 511 6 pve originate 1C1 20 10 0M 0 8K 1 511 6 pvc myswitch configuration vpt gt show advanced 1c1 Input Output Port VPI Port VPI Shape VBROB BuffOB 1C1 0 terminate N A N A N A 1C1 20 terminate N A N A N A originate 1C1 0 100 100 originate 1C1 20 100 100 Core Switch 1 27 98 4 10 This slide illustrates an example of the actual command string entered through AMI to create a vpt and then shows the normal and advanced versions of the conf vpt show AMI command for a particular port The information shown in this display can be interpreted as follows Input Port VPI the actual port number this path arrives at Output Port VPI the actual port number this path leaves from ResBW the bandwidth reserved for the virtual channels using this vpt CurBW the bandwidth being used by the virtual channels on this vpt MinVCI the lowest VCI number for VCCs using this vpt default 1 MaxVCI the highest
87. e either a positive decimal integer or name string up to 20 characters long To see which filters have been configured on the switch type the following myswitch contiguration security nsaptiltering filters gt show Index Name Template Ids 1 2 48 3 256 okay let_these_in 15 Notice that each filter index number or optional name has several templates with which it is associated The templates are applied left to right as shown in the display Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 24 Creating a filter template myswitch configuration security nsapfiltering templates gt new lt template id gt srcport lt port gt srcvpi lt vpi gt srcnsap lt nsap gt srcmask lt mask gt dstport lt port gt dsivpi lt vpi gt dstnsap lt nsap gt dstmask lt mask gt action accept reject myswitch configuration security nsapfiltering templates gt show Source Destination Index Action Name Port VPI Mask Port VPI 1 accept let_these_in 1A1 5 128 Source NSAP 0x47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21a 3596 0020481a3596 f0 Destination NSAP 0x47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21a 2a1d 0020481a2a17 00 3 reject keep_these_out 1A1 104 1CTL Source NSAP 0x47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21a 11 2 002048100464 00 Destination NSAP or myswitch configuration security nsapfiltering templates gt show No Address Filtering Templates are present Core Switch 1 22 98 2 25 Templates are created as shown above using the configuration s
88. e to synchronize multiple fabrics switches The power supplies of the ASX 1000 TNX 1100 and MSC 900 are unique because they can supply power from either an AC or DC source to up to four switching fabrics Because of the multiple switching fabrics and separate power supplies cooling is provided by a fan tray which takes in cool air at the bottom and blows it up through all the components These switches are also unique in their ability to allow hot swapping or the addition of complete switching fabrics The backplane allows inter fabric connection and timing distribution without the need for physical cables Copyright FORE Systems 1 15 98 Core Switch 1 13 ASK 1000 CEC Module AL1 pin 1 AL1 pin 2 AL2 pin 3 AL2 pin 4 Alarms AL2 AL1 PS1 PS2 SW3 SW4 Fabrics sw1 sw2 Power Supplies LI RX LI green receiving link integrity pulses 4 RX green receiving traffic POL amber reverse polarity condition COL red collision on CEC Ethernet port POL Core Switch 1 15 98 1 14 The four pins at the top of the CEC are used as alarm relay contacts for AL1 and AL2 alarms e Pins 1 and 2 AL1 are jumpered together when no power is applied or in the event of a major alarm fan failure over temperature condition or power supply failure e Pins 3 and 4 AL2 are jumpered together when no power is applied or in the event of a minor alarm SPANS or link failure e Both sets of pins remain open w
89. ecurity nsapfiltering templates new command Enter all of the appropriate parameters and select an action accept or reject The action identifies the action to take with NSAP addresses that match the parameters in the template An asterisk is used as a wild card which indicates any port VPI or NSAP address A zero mask indicates match all addresses Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 25 Displaying filtered interfaces myswitch configuration security nsapfiltering interfaces gt show lt port gt svpi gt filters templates myswitch configuration security nsapfiltering interfaces gt show filters Port VPI Direction Filter Template Ids Incoming 10 12 40 Incoming 459 keep _them_out 45 46 47 48 Outgoing 94 49 50 Outgoing 36 filter_36 3984 Outgoing 37 ctlport 625 myswitch configuration security nsapfiltering filters gt ookup lt filter id gt srcport lt port gt srevpi lt vpi gt srcnsap lt nsap gt dstport lt port gt dstvpi lt vpi gt dstnsap lt nsap gt Core Switch 1 22 98 2 26 As mentioned previously filters may be applied to incoming and out going interfaces one each In the example shown above two different filters are applied to the port 1A2 path 0 interface 459 for incoming and 94 for outgoing If you want to test a particular call setup message to see if the call would be established against a particular filter use the configuration security nsa
90. eset button e Select Monitor Mode e test all from terminal 10 15 seconds e except Flash and SRAM e test manufact from terminal 6 10 min e tests everything e insure CDB is backed up Core Switch 1 27 98 3 15 Running switch diagnostics on FORE ATM switches is performed through the use of the RESET SELECT and NEXT buttons on the front of the Switch Control Processor You will also need to have a terminal connected to the serial port of the switch to perform the tests Refer to Chapter 4 of the ForeRunner ATM Switch Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Manual for instructions on performing this operation Prior to running SCP diagnostics it is a good idea to backup your CDB as some of the tests involve temporarily storing Flash contents in a volatile area while performing Flash memory tests To access the Monitor mode to enable SCP diagnostics first press the Reset button with a straightened paper clip Then press and hold the Select button on the front panel The front panel display will cycle through various tests and because you are holding the Select button it will stop at TEST BUS The next section of the SCP to be tested is the Flash memory so when you release the Select button Flash will be displayed Press the Next button twice quickly to move to the Monitor display and then press the Select button The terminal will be displaying SCP Debug Monitor at this point and when you press lt ENTER gt the term
91. et sh port you are able to see how all or designated ports are configured Width reflects the line rate Line reflects the interface type SMSR SMIR other MM or UTP By typing conf port sonet sh port status you are able to see sonet specific information The display in each column represents a summation of the following possible conditions Section Line Path Atm no problem 1 Section LOS LineAIS Path LOP Atm LCD 2 Section LOF Line RDI Path AIS 4 Path RDI 8 Path not provisioned 16 Path Signal Label Mismatch 32 Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 44 Configuring SONET Ports foreview Single click on any port to select it Use the right button of the mouse to bring up an options list Choose pabis Pat lates Pot Cordial 7 Bares Port Status to give relevant port control Part Staton Fpa Copan iy PO ily information Armir E wn l aA Hiina E TE Oe Alere Pathe Hima Fatiha hip berii iila i Hia E Pi haml Pet Heriss Fha Cally Ee Core Switch 1 22 98 2 45 To configure ports using ForeView click on a port from the front panel display to select the port Then click on the right mouse button to choose Port Control A screen will appear which contains port status and statistical information You have the option of updating the display or choosing to configure signaling or port media Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 45 Configuring SONET Port S
92. etmods only dropped due to EPD CellsLostUnintent cells on this path for LC or D netmods only dropped due to CLP or output memory shortages and the number of cells transmitted on this path Series D netmods can also show CLPO vs CLP1 traffic or Cells vs Packets sent and CLP0 1 and CLP1 cells lost VCC statistics are collected per port path channel and may be displayed as cells received rejected or as channel traffic statistics indicating Cells Lost CellsLostintent CellsLostUnintent and the number of cells transmitted on this channel for LC and D netmods Series D netmods can also show CLPO vs CLP1 traffic or Cells vs Packets sent and CLP0 1 and CLP1 cells lost Copyright FORE Systems j 6 18 1 28 98 Core Switch Statistics connection foreView Fart Conceal Part Status Gerim rele Brel j PHE hma s FANS fakiron BOBENEATL Ii fool a OE tears IHI J a fasta daa a Caneel Cored 1 io Rk Se eitch fie Ea E Hirection eit Fore F hine Ee Miia brakis E Eas ae dibya Gated mdr dng iF Part nati tes fiw Unt Contract dimit brill Ieper Copaciiy activity Pil kestas B 0 Foie H To ajiri Pathe i rem tow tice n Daw we Tolyn colpi Gece Bert Ak H Tipa haish Bara Ga EI BA a AT Rene ii a Pt Ee g a i aL H Core Switch 1 28 98 6 19 Connection statistics within Fore View are displayed in two areas If you select a particula
93. etrieved put allows the user to transfer a file to a server The command will need the local file name and the full path to the server as well as the filename to be saved on the server rename allows the user to rename a file stored in the flash memory system There should always be a file in the flash memory called CURRENT This is a pointer to the version of the software that is currently running on the switch To find out which version this is enter the lt operation version gt command When this command is given the switch will show the currently running software version as well as any other versions of the software stored in the flash memory system similar to lt operation flash dir gt To delete a ForeThought operating system file from flash you must first delete the actual executable foreos exe as shown above and then delete that files name directory ft5 0 as shown above Copyright FORE Systems 1 27 98 Core Switch 3 6 Copyright FORE Systems Upgrading the Switch Control Software e Upgrade software comes on floppy disks CD ROM or can be obtained via FTP e Unload floppy disks or FTP file onto a workstation on the same network as the switch to be upgraded ATM or Ethernet e Set up a tftpboot server on the machine that contains the software images e Upgrade file retrieved over the network and installed automatically Core Switch 1 27 98 3 7 The procedure for upgrading the Switch Contro
94. exercise from memory However if you need to consult your notes or the manual feel free to do so An administrator can determine the ForeThought O S versions stored in flash memory and the current O S running by typing the AMI command operation flash dir True False When the AMI command operation environment power is issued power supply 2 indicates a fail condition under Input State and Output State This condition can be caused by a no power cord attached to power supply 2 b power supply 2 is switched off c power supply 2 has failed d both a and b e a b and c List 4 components of an ASX1000 switch that are hot swappable fabrics power supplies netmods fan trays Which of the following AMI commands will set a FORE switch to its factory default settings a operation cdb reset b operation cdb restore c operation cdb init d operation cdb manufact To delete the current version of switch O S software the administrator should delete the file in flash called CURRENT True False Copyright FORE Systems Core Switch 3 28 1 27 98 ROJN SYSTEMS Module 4 Configuring PVC and SPUC Network Connections Copyright FORE Systems i 4 1 1 27 98 Core Switch Creating Network Connections e ATM Network Connections between end devices are necessary to pass information e Connections can be set up manually by a system administrator PVCs or dynamically from an
95. fg file is on a SUN workstation make sure that the TFTP daemon in tftpd is running Also by default most SUNs are configured to direct TFTP requests to the directory tftpboot If this is the case the ecs cfg file must be saved into that directory You can check your SUNs current TFTP configuration by viewing and editing if necessary the file named inetd conf which is located in the etc directory If the switch is configured to use FTP just type the command as described below you will be asked for the remote userid and password From the configuration lane lecs directory on the switch you can use the get command to retrieve the LECS file as shown above To configure the switch to run LECS services simply type the new command and enter the selector byte to be used If using a name other than lecs cfg for the configuration file enter it here as well Notice when we show the current LECS configuration that the Default LES address is all zeros This is correct since we did not define one using the default parameter Copyright FORE Systems 1 30 98 Core Switch 5 25 LES Command Definition myswitch configuration lane les gt admin delete new peeradd peerdelete security show myswitch configuration lane les gt admin lt LES index LES index range x y gt up down myswitch configuration lane les gt delete lt LES index LES index range x y gt myswitch configuration lane les gt new lt LES Selector by
96. ght FORE Systems i 4 26 1 27 98 Core Switch Copyright FORE Systems 1 27 98 Configuring SPANS SPWCs foreView e SPANS SPVCs are created by selecting SmartPVC from the VPC VCC Control pull down menu FP display and filling in values k beeen Veisa Path karei r foal iger SiP Chere imira E Banah 1 HE Pirtin Fo ih oe oe Pert fic a Port fi Fd wile Yl a mio ic Diwel e SrevTrowi irala Sehe t batiga feat her ajith fort i wi Sitch Pe a i 5 Lio ont TRA E Tha xi a SAL HENS x Be Be E a Core Switch 1 27 98 4 27 To configure SPANS SPVCs using ForeView select SPVC from the pull down VPC VCC Control menu Notice that for SPVCs it is expected that you will be entering port path and channel information from different switches Core Switch 4 27 Configuring PNNISPUCs AMI myswitch configuration gt spvc spans gt pnni gt myswitch conf spve gt pnni delete new parameters gt show myswitch conf spvc pnni gt new lt port gt lt vpi gt lt vci gt lt desinsap desiprefix destport gt spvcid lt index gt domainid lt id gt name lt name gt desivpi lt vpi gt desivci lt vci gt reroute enable disable fupc lt index gt bupc lt index gt advanced options ftpnniDil lt index gt bearerClass X A C clip no yes QoSExpindex lt index gt fqos class0 class1 class2
97. guration security ipaccess gt accept 12 34 0 0 255 255 0 0 configuration security ipaccess gt sr disallow configuration security ipaccess gt ssr allow The Is command can be used to specify that the switch allows or disallows loose source routed packets from the list of IP addresses in the table The all command is used to allow or disallow all forms of source routed packets from the list of IP addresses in the table Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 9 29 Displaying IP Access Info myswitch configuration security ipaccess gt show Accepting IP traffic from the following addresses IpAdress Mask 198 24 65 2 255 255 255 255 204 19 95 89 255 255 0 0 Configuration Flags Flag State all allow ssr allow Isr disallow myswitch configuration security ipaccess gt Core Switch 1 22 98 2 23 To see all the entries which have been made into the ipaccess table simply type configuration security ipaccess show Notice that the entries are listed by IP address and mask There are a maximum of 32 entries allowed The mask indicates the significant part of the IP address to be used when filtering IP access of the SCP The top entry shown above of 198 24 65 2 with a mask of 255 255 255 255 indicates that only address 198 24 65 2 is accepted against that entry while the second entry of 204 19 95 89 with a mask of 255 255 0 0 indicates that addresses 204 19 are accepted against that entry A mask of 0
98. he Advanced button to see the screen shown above on the right Notice that from this screen you can adjust LE_ARP parameters BUS parameters Multicast QoS parameters and Others The Def indicator shows if this value is a default value inherited from the lecs cfg The Local indicator tells you if this value applies only to this specific ELAN Copyright FORE Systems 1 30 98 Core Switch 5 40 Adding ELAN Members DS 1 POORER 07 BOSCGE AEH BO Fi ae g T Prum Caf Lem L ARP Fa ited bia imum Per Coan Eo igrali Ks Fimepatd Ebpliry itm epee LE ARP Ape fee BL Fim ide il fine oboe Pome Cost fae ea ae biia ie Linde fimi Timi Prica iaca bireen Ged YOL Tya Geet Bon Core Switch 1 30 98 5 41 To create an ELAN member select Member Create from the Main Menu Enter the hostname or IP address of the machine being added The VLAN Manager will query the machine for its NSAP address or this value will have to added manually When you select OK this machine is added to the unassigned member area on the Main Menu From there you can drag and drop the member onto any VLAN shown in the VLAN Member area of the Main Menu If after creating an ELAN member you decide to adjust some parameter select Member Modify from the Main Menu and press the Advanced button to see the screen shown above on the right Notice that from this screen you can adjust LE_ARP parameters BUS parameters Mu
99. hen no alarm conditions are present There are eight LED indicators e The top two LEDs just below the alarm relay contacts light to indicate a major AL1 or minor AL2 alarm e The second two LEDs illuminate yellow to indicate a good power supply they are out if the supply is bad e The bottom four LEDs blink to indicate a functioning switch board If they are on solid or out it indicates a fault condition The Ethernet connector is essentially a repeater for all of the SCP Ethernet connectors on each switch board allowing one connection to a management station for multiple switch fabrics Remember that each ieO interface will have to have a unique IP address LEDs indicate connection status Note that when detecting reverse polarity condition on the twisted pair CEC Ethernet connector the condition is automatically corrected but the LED remains lit until a corrected cable is inserted into the port Copyright FORE Systems 1 15 98 Core Switch 1 14 TNK 1100 MSC 900 CEC SYSTEMS Modules e ASX has only one CEC model e TNX MSC have 4 CEC models e CEC adds 2 BITS inputs hitless failover 5 relays 123485 COL SELECT TH o Ge j BoG zo RELAY INPUT ALARM ETH R8 POL NEXT SERIAL Ra 1 15 98 1 15 TNX MSC have four CEC flavors e T 1 Stratum 3 e T 1 Stratum 4 e E 1 Stratum 3 e E 1 Stratum 4 A CEC consists of e Frame card carrier and passive backplane interface e Timing Control Module TCM Environmen
100. her hand rely on signaling SPANS and FT PNNI PNNI to add resilience to all the links between the first switch and the last switch creating what has been called a PVC cookie hard on the outside and soft on the inside Copyright FORE Systems 1 27 98 Core Switch 4 25 Configuring SPANS SPVCs AMI myswitch configuration gt spve spans gt pnni gt myswitch conf spvc gt spans delete new show myswitch gt open 198 29 22 46 private 198 29 22 46 gt localhost myswitch conf spvc spans gt new lt port gt lt vpi gt lt vci gt lt dest session gt lt dest port gt lt dest vpi gt lt dest vci gt peak lt Kbps gt source destination bidirectional myswitch conf spvc spans gt new 1c7 0 49 198 29 22 46 1b1 0 50 myswitch conf spvc spans gt show Local Remote ID Port VPI VCI BW Direction ID Port VPI VCI Switch 65364 1C1 0 49 0 0 bidirectional 42591 1B1 0 50 198 29 22 46 myswitch conf spve spans gt delete 65364 Core Switch 1 27 98 4 26 To configure SPANS SPVCs using AMI commands you will use the subcommands under conf spvc spans Before creating a SPANS SPVC from your local ami session you must open a private ami session with the remote switch at the far end of your ATM network Then revert to the still open local ami connection and issue the conf spvc spans new command as shown in the example above To delete a SPANS SPVC simply delete the local ID number Copyri
101. here is a Graph and a Log button on each of these screens to allow graphing or logging of the statistical data These features are shown on the next two slides Copyright FORE Systems 6 13 4 28 98 Core Switch Port Graphing ForeView e The Graph dialog box will yield the graph Core Switch 1 28 98 6 14 When you select Graph from the Port Control screen the Graph Tool dialog box appears which allows you to select which items will be graphed Copyright FORE Systems j 6 14 1 28 98 Core Switch Port Logging foreView e The logging dialog box is very similar to the graphing box eee Pete h Sere ae ait fp Tiis p abis d m pee Shni Party F a Lah pei U aT ed a a Pa iag iiim urar A Calle Ax Calle Tx ction Po w Biija ot HH Fee eee Bd Be Be ed ca Bo oe ee a a De Sree Sorte Cth for inlice Sool Lees Cancel Enip Core Switch 1 28 98 6 15 When you select Log from the Port Control screen the Logging dialog box appears which allows you to select which items will be logged and the logging interval All logged items will be stored as comma delimited text files in the foreview directory under log fvlog 1 Copyright FORE Systems 6 15 4 28 98 Core Switch Statistics signaling ANI myswitch statistics gt signalling Port 4A1 Counter q2931VCCs q2931Restarts q2931CallsCompletions q2931CallsFailures q2931CallsRejections q293
102. host on the network via TFTP host is the ip address of the host from which the file is to be retrieved remotefile is the name of the configuration file to be retrieved from that host localfile is an optional parameter indicating the filename where the retrieved file is to be stored Copyright FORE Systems Core Switch 5 24 1 30 98 Getting the lecs cig File and starting the LECS service myswitch configuration lane lecs gt get usage get lt host gt lt remotefile gt lt localfile gt myswitch configuration lane lecs gt get 198 29 22 46 lecs cfg Received 84 byes for fs lecs cfg LECS configuration file download successful myswitch operation flash dir FT5 1 CURRENT LECS CFG myswitch configuration lane lecs gt new lt LECS Selector byte HEX gt db lt LECS database file gt default lt LES atm address gt lt LECS wka gt none myswitch configuration lane lecs gt new 0x40 myswitch configuration lane lecs gt show Index AdminStatus OperStatus Selector WKA Database 1 up up 0x40 atm forum lecs cfg Default LES 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 Core Switch 1 30 98 5 25 In the example above the LECS will reside on the switch so we must retrieve the file from the host and place it into Flash memory on the switch If the switch is configured to use the TFTP protocol instead of FTP the host which contains the file must be set up to support this For example if the ecs c
103. ies by specific MAC address Copyright FORE Systems i 5 32 1 30 98 Core Switch fa LEC Default Configuration Core Switch 1 30 98 5 33 This command allows the user to set the default mode for configuring all of the ELANs that may be created on this switch manual wellknown Choosing manual means that the LECS address specified here is used as the LECS address The default option wellknown indicates that the ATM Forum s well known LECS address will be used LECS address This address is the NSAP address for the LECS to be used instead of the well known LECS address Copyright FORE Systems j 5 33 1 30 98 Core Switch sua IP Configuration of Created LECS Core Switch 1 30 98 5 34 Each time you issue the configuration lane lec new command a new LEC instance is created on the switch In order for this LEC to operate on the ELAN it must be given an IP address and enabled The configuration ip address command enables you to assign an IP address to the switch interfaces In this case we are configuring el5 The configuration ip admin command enables that interface Remember if you assign an ip address and mask as part of the configuration lane lec new command this is all done automatically for you Copyright FORE Systems 5 34 1 30 98 Core Switch LANE Switch based Services e Use AMI or ForeView VLAN Manager e Use a logical order e Review ne
104. iew statistics include above plus the ability to Graph or Log e Remember to establish a known good source of information prior to statistics gathering Core Switch 1 28 98 6 10 Copyright FORE Systems i 6 10 1 28 98 Core Switch Statistics board module AMI myswitch statistics gt aald aal4 atm atmroute gt board cese1 cesds1 ces ctlport icmp interface i ipaccess module nsapfilter gt port spans tcp signalling vec vpe myswitch statistics gt board Board VPI Lookup Errors VCl Lookup Errors 1 1241 562 myswitch statistics gt module 1A Module Priority Status Size Qlength Overflows 1A 0 enabled 512 0 0 1A 1 enabled 512 0 0 myswitch statistics gt module traffic 2B Module Model Ucasts Mcasts Mouts Cells Shared Used 2B 2 30 1 6 0 7392 4 Core Switch 1 28 98 6 11 Statistics may be gathered for a large number of items using the statistics AMI command You may gather statistics related to the ATM layered model i e aalx atm and physical layers You may gather statistics related to virtual connections i e vcc vpc and vpt You may gather statistics related to signaling You may gather statistics related to the IP stack running on the switch fabric i e icmp interface ip tcp or udp Or as in the case of installation configuration and troubleshooting you may gather statistics related to the switch product itself i e board module as shown above and port as shown on the next slide Note
105. ifier VPI range is dependent on whether the connection exists in the UNI or NNI of the network 256 for UNI connections and 4 096 for NNI connections The table above suggests some VPI ranges you can assign to the ports of a network module A virtual channel identifier VCI can be created within a path Since VPI 0 is automatically created by the switch control software SCS the SPANS CLS UNI Signaling and ILMI channels are created automatically as well Channels 15 14 5 and 16 respectively Other channels between 0 and 31 may eventually be reserved for other needs ATM Forum LAN Emulation 1 0 uses channel 17 ATM Forum PNNI 1 0 uses channel 18 etc so it is suggested that users start their connections at Channel 32 through 511 Copyright FORE Systems j 4 13 1 27 98 Core Switch Creating PVC Virtual Channel e VCCs must be created on existing VPTs e VCC Parameters are e conf vcc new lt iport gt lt ivpi gt lt ivci gt lt oport gt lt Ovpi gt lt ovci gt upc lt index gt name lt name gt inctype orig tran term outctype orig tran term pmp mpp mpmp ForeRunner 1C1 0 100 1D2 20 100 gt Core Switch 1 27 98 4 14 The required parameters for creating a PVC Virtual Channel Connection include iport the port number where the virtual channel enters the switch Always associated to the receive side of the physical port ivpi the virtual path identifier at the input poi
106. ignaling oreView _ Port beird i aeae e You can select signaling configuration from the Por Control box then select which to configure and display that control box fer GAS Harakin Pot i OT gt Ged m i Pewee Pood ksbere 8 Sorsha Cee f Worda PI n E i fee Fen Oe e a SPAR aT at i mrri ip Al ee ben FF SSS rin Ber ee 7 wre toa Poni lal Facies Jii Cim str Core Switcn 1 22 98 2 46 If you choose to configure signaling the Signaling Configuration dialog box appears Choose which type of signaling you would like to configure and click on the info button to bring up the appropriate signaling control screen SPANS signaling control screen is shown on the left and the UNI signaling control screen is shown on the right Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 46 Configuring SONET Port Media foreView e You can also select media control from the Port Control box to display the media control box Perit Pa Lato Do Cardeal 2 Seat Erri cerir TH ia La a kire Tae W Ac Same 4 UAT Bar kiima PE TAA A Poe F tees A hae jarai ja TINA 1 22 98 2 47 To configure the physical media from the port control screen click on the media control button to bring up the appropriate media control screen Notice that on this screen you see status and statistics information related to this specific type of port media Copyright FORE Systems 1 22
107. iguration of all the network interfaces n After initing you will have to use the serial port to access the switch as all previously configured data over ATM or Ethernet interfaces will be unconfigured Core Switch 3 5 1 27 98 Managing the Flash File System myswitch operation flash gt copy delete dir free get init put rename myswitch operation flash gt dir LECS CFG FT5 0 FT5 1 CURRENT myswitch operation gt version Software versions installed FT5 0 FT5 1 Current software version is FT5 1 myswitch operation flash gt del ft5 0 foreos exe myswitch operation flash gt del ft5 0 Core Switch 1 27 98 3 6 The flash file system of FORE ATM switches allows the user to store multiple versions of the switch software In some cases it is possible to retain two or more versions of the software at the same time plus cdb and lecs cfg information remember while the i960ha has 4M of flash the Pentium has 8M Below is a description of the commands used to manipulate the flash memory contents copy allows the user to copy a file in the flash system to another file delete allows the user to delete a file from the flash memory system dir allows the user to list the files currently in the filesystem free displays the amount of free space left in the flash memory system get allows the user to retrieve a file from a server The command will need the full path to the host and the filename to be r
108. imum number of letters that make them unique on that level i e co instead of configuration as shown above Typing his and lt RETURN gt displays a history of commands that have been previously executed To change levels simply type the name of the desired sub level The existence of a sub level is designated by a gt at the end of the name i e Typing oper from the initial screen called root level would change levels to the operation sub level To go up a level type up or Commands and level changes can also be executed with an absolute pathname at any sub level i e Typing conf vcc show lt RETURN gt has the exact same functionality as typing conf lt RETURN gt vcc lt RETURN gt show lt RETURN gt Typing lt command name gt lt RETURN gt will display usage information for that command and typing help lt command name gt displays general information about that command It can also be used without any parameters which will show general information about all commands on that level Some commands are executable at any level i e exit ping top and up Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 6 AMI Configuration Commands myswitch configuration gt alarms gt atmarp gt atmroute gt board gt cec gt ces gt ilmiproxy gt ip gt lane gt module gt nsap gt port gt qos gt qosext gt rs232 gt security gt snmp gt spans g
109. inal will return a gt prompt Type and press lt ENTER gt to see a complete list of available Monitor commands To test every thing related to the SCP except Flash and SRAM memory type test all and press lt ENTER gt This test should take 10 15 seconds and as it is running the terminal will display OK results to various tests To test everything related to the SCP including Flash and SRAM memory type test manufact and press lt ENTER gt This test will take 6 10 minutes and writes various bit patterns to Flash memory Because your CDB is stored in volatile memory during this test a power outage during the test would destroy your CDB Because of this it is recommended to perform a CDB backup prior to running this level of diagnostics Core Switch 3 15 1 27 98 Netmod Resetting myswitch configuration port gt admin lt port gt up down myswitch configuration module gt admin 2B down Disabling the network module will destroy all existing connections going through it Disable the network module n y myswitch configuration module gt reset 3b Resetting the network module will destroy the existing connections temporarily Reset the network module n y Core Switch 1 27 98 3 16 If one port or all ports on a particular network module do not appear to be functioning correctly you may admin that port or the entire netmod down for testing purposes as shown above and on the next slid
110. ings used for configuring your console to communicate with the ASX switch product line 2 What is the interface designation for a Classical IP interface FOREIP interface Emulated LAN interface 3 Can you adjust the delay the standby SCP waits before taking over for the primary SCP in the event of a primary SCP failure Yes No 4 What is the default reserved VCI range for Point to Multipoint connections 5 User ids other than AMI and ASX can be assigned Admin privileges True False 6 How would you determine if there are OC 3 LOS LOF section errors using ForeView Using AMI 7 The AMI command statistics is a submenu item under the AMI command configuration True False 8 What AMI command line do you type to find VPl lookup errors 9 What AMI command line do you use set the switch name a b C d oper flash name configuration switch name lt name gt conf name oper switch name 10 Initial configuration of an ASX switch can be performed through the Ethernet port on the Switch Control Processor SCP True False Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 61 Switch Installation amp Configuration Answers Total Time 10 minutes Completion 5 minutes Review 5 minutes It is suggested that you try to complete this exercise from memory However if you need to consult your notes or the manual feel free to do so 1 What are the default settings used for configuring
111. interface is connected to a public ATM switch and signaling is to be used select publicUNI If this is to be an IISP link with no signaling select IISP auto is the default The atm layer options allow you to specify unique features for this path i e the signaling channel used min max VCls supported etc The protocol options allow you to specify the signaling mode and allocation of connections The timer option allows you to set the SSCOP no response timer The public options are related to e164 address mapping etc The iefilter options allow you to filter call setups based on information element parameters while the NSAP Address Filtering options allow you to filter connections based on configured filter ids Copyright FORE Systems 1 30 98 Core Switch 5 4 Signaling Configuration foreVview e You configure signaling starting at the VCC VPC _ Control pull down menu and select SigPath Fils t Gagre labane klg AOAC Geral ae US i rri Tel fi Slat ine tooth Lick Tee mute F Sigeal bey Path Caral awha A 7 aio inet af Ls lt aaklig IW enin mie wj a E Airaa Validation Harellling Heie emt Ete Aks ir mlio alec Core Switch 1 30 98 5 5 Selecting SigPath from the VCC VPC Control pull down menu on the Front Panel display brings you to the Signaling configuration screen From there yo
112. isa Pols horne pa Tok Te PF a P iliroah Poth Cortina Saitoh AE hrekja eii eee Fort pra zl 5 Prt EM l LP beira i Sy af kem Chr ition Fadi fy biaia race thera on imdha boies beri ese te ii va p S p e a BF CEET Ice i IH m z r Sane m Ea w a Core Switch 1 27 98 4 7 To configure virtual paths or channels with ForeView you use the Channel Tool This tool can be chosen from the FVMap icons or from the Front Panel display menu bar VPC VCC Control To configure a through path select PVP When the screen above appears fill in the port and path info that you require and select Create On ASX 1000s you can configure end points on different fabrics unlike AMI commands where multiple commands utilizing the E fabric are required Copyright FORE Systems i 4 7 1 27 98 Core Switch Copyright FORE Systems PVC Virtual Path Terminator VPT Usage e Virtual Path Terminators are either Originating Path Terminating Path e Reference the Viewpoint of the Switch e Connections are unidirectional e VPTs may be created deleted or modified Laurel Hardy gt Core Switch 1 27 98 4 8 Originating VPT paths are those which originate or begin at the switch Terminating VPT paths are those which terminate or end at the switch It is important to note that these paths
113. itch 1 22 98 2 31 To display switch information using ForeView simply click right mouse button on the FORE logo in the upper left corner of the front panel view or select system from the pull down tools menu at the top right of the front panel display A screen is then displayed showing the name of the switch how long it has been running and the versions of hardware and software as was shown using the AMI command conf sw sh Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 31 Displaying SCP Information SYSTEMS AMI myswitch operation environment gt cpu CPU Type CpuStep State DRAMSize FlashSize BoardRev 1X i960ha 1 normal 16777216 4194304 D 1Y i960ha 1 standby 16777216 4194304 D myswitch operation environment gt cpu CPU Type CpuStep State DRAMSize FlashSize BoardRev 1X p55 68 fail 67108864 8388608 A 1Y p55 68 normal 67108864 8388608 A myswitch operation flash gt free There are 1891974 bytes of flash still available Core Switch 1 22 98 2 32 The AMI command operation environment cpu shows information about the SCPs in the switch to which the AMI connection is made Notice that it gives you information about which Intel processor type is in which SCP slot and the state of that processor The state can be normal or standby for an operational primary or standby SCP or fail if an SCP has failed Notice also that you can see the size of DRAM memory and Flash memory that is instal
114. k connection status of this end to end connection Copyright FORE Systems j 6 6 1 28 98 Core Switch All Switches Problem If the problem seems to be present on all switches in the network look to e Application level configuration e Incorrect ARP Server or LES NSAP address e Incorrect stand alone BUS NSAP address e lecs cfg configuration errors accept reject at switch type level e Software feature set support e Application not supported on this release Core Switch 1 28 98 6 7 If your problem seems to be present on all switches or all hosts on all switches it is most likely related to the application that you are attempting to run on the network For instance if the real NSAP address of the ARP server or LES is different from that which was configured originally i e replaced ATM card in host or SCP in switch acting as ARP server or LES or the stand alone BUS NSAP address was incorrectly entered Also lecs cfg problems related to ATM network parameters affecting all ELANs or accept reject rules problems at the switch type level i e accept one NSAP of a particular switch type says to reject all other NSAPs of that switch type Finally it is possible however unlikely that someone would try to run an application on products which do not support that application in the release of software running on the product i e LANE 1 0 support on a 3 x release of FT software Copyright FORE Systems j 6 7
115. l N A e Remove feet 200 210 WG and install left and right bracket Install cable strain relief rail after 200 210 WG is installed in rack LE 155 may be set on desk top with rubber feet or stacked using stacking bracket and rubber feet Use two persons to install all ASX TNX MSC switches Insure switches are grounded to rack and rack is connected to earth ground e See Switch Installation and Maintenance Manual X included N A Not Applicable Core Switch 1 22 98 2 2 Rack mount kits consisting of left and right brackets plus cable strain relief rails are included with the ASX 200BX or TNX 210 and optional on the ASX 200WG 25 ATM switches The LE 155 s optional rack mount kit does not include the strain relief rail but does include a stacking bracket and rubber feet To install the rack mount kits turn the unit over on its top and remove the feet from the bottom 200 210 and WG 25 only The left and right brackets may then be installed After installing the switch in the rack the cable strain relief rail may be installed to aid in cable management 200 210 and WG 25 only Information such as power requirements environmental considerations measurements and weights may be found in the specific ATM Switch Installation and Maintenance Manual Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 9 Management Configuration e All switches are supplied with a serial cable to be attached from the serial port on the switch t
116. l Software is described in detail in Chapter 4 of the ForeRunner ATM Switch Installation and Maintenance Manual The upgrade file may be sourced from FORE s Web site by doing an FTP to ftp fore com and logging in as anonymous Use your full email address as the password At the ftp gt prompt change to the priv release sunny directory which contains the upgrade and readme files FORE TAC will supply you with the correct software and readme file name as they are not displayed or listed Readme files are ASCII text and so may be loaded directly You must be in binary mode to FTP the software files If the file has a Z extension it is compressed and must be uncompressed before upgrading Once uncompressed if necessary upgrade files should be placed in the tftpboot directory for proper upgrading through AMI Sourcing the upgrade file from floppy diskette or CD ROM is discussed on the next page Core Switch 3 7 1 27 98 Software upgrade from diskette or CDROM HOST ASX 200BX tftpboot director upgrade must be tftp server reboot Core Switch 1 27 98 3 8 Before upgrading software the software image must be put into a tftpboot directory on the host The software image is a file with a name such as ASX 200BX_ lt version gt or ASX_i960_ lt version gt You will need the filename and path to tftpboot later when you actually perform the the upgrade procedure Copyright FORE Systems Gore Switch 3 8 1 27
117. l the SCPs installed in the ASX 1000 It is connected to each SCP via the backplane and simple Ethernet repeaters Power supplies redundant load sharing hot swappable either 120 240 VAC or 48 VDC Fan tray hot swappable Be aware that swapping fans must be done quickly due to the temperature sensor built into each switch board If the temperature of the board exceeds 65 degrees Celsius an environment alarm will trigger Major advantages of the ASX 1000 are the ability to hot swap the switching fabrics and a unique distributed switching fabric architecture Copyright FORE Systems 1 15 98 Core Switch 1 6 TNK 1100 MSC 900 Hardware Dd Configuration Power ForeRunner Su ppl ies DC AC Fan Tray Core Switch 1 15 98 1 7 The TNX 1100 can have as many as four independent switching fabrics housed in a single chassis Each fabric has the same features as the TNX 210 and comes with two i960ha or Pentium SCPs If switching is required from one fabric to another data can be transferred over an integrated shared backplane In addition in the two bays on the far left the TNX 1100 has redundant Common Equipment Card Plus CEC cards for management station timing input They have Stratum 3 or 4 T 1 or E 1 timing input output a D sub 25 pin connector for alarm relay contacts alarm LEDs for all fabrics and an D sub 9 pin connector and Ethernet connector for a common management interface Both the TNX 1100 and MS
118. larms as shown on the next slide Copyright FORE Systems 1 27 98 Core Switch 3 18 Switch Fabric Environment Troubleshooting myswitch operation environment fabric gt temperature 50 55 myswitch operation environment fabric gt show Fabric State 1 normal 2 overTemp Alarm trap reset threshold this fabric 50 degrees C or lower Alarm trap trip threshold this fabric 55 degrees C or greater myswitch operation environment gt fans FanBank FanBankState 1 normal 2 failed 3 normal 4 normal Core Switch 1 27 98 3 19 The MSC 900 ASX 1000 and TNX 1100 add two additional operation environment AMI commands to allow threshold setting of the temperature at which a fabric over temperature alarm is turned on and the temperature at which the alarm is reset and the capability of determining a failed fan in the fan tray Copyright FORE Systems 1 27 98 Core Switch 3 19 Saa and Troubleshooting ma foreView Alarm Configuration u Facet eer Aiie thim File fy beare Teeter Polla J OA ieee See Look at the icons that represent the power supplies temperature fan tray status and link status Click on any of the alarm icons at the top of the 3 Front Panel view to FEFE F 5 BH Foren launch the alarm kakapo a configuration T E dialogue box Core Switch 1 27 98 3 20 Every ForeRunner switch can have user defined alarms for input and output power supply statu
119. led This display does not indicate how much of that memory is currently used just how much raw memory was installed originally You may use the command oper flash free to find out how much flash memory is available Note the command also optimizes the flash memory first and depending on how long it has been since your last optimization may take several minutes During this time the screen shows Doing Garbage Collection Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 32 Displaying SCP Information foreView e Right click on the LED R Display where the Ly EPE switch name would trairai Sans p appear for SCP info in Lee eal ee nee i 3 ba 33 fd IF kije imirakier oo 00 0d oo po 1 22 98 2 33 Clicking on the LED display area with a right mouse button click brings up a screen of SCP control port information Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 33 Dual SCP Configuration AMI myswitch configuration system gt dualscp autoremove autosync failover primary reset show switchover synchronize threshold myswitch configuration system dualscp gt sh Auto CDB Sync Sync SCP State Primary Failover Threshold Remove SyncMode Requests Failures 3X standalone X enable 2 secs disable automatic 0 0 Synchronization queue empty Synchronization state Suspended myswitch configuration system dualscp gt synchronize Flash CDB LECS OS Password Securid Secret Init Loa
120. lt LES address gt myswitch conf lane lec gt show lt LEC index gt advanced Core Switch 1 30 98 5 30 The LEC index is a unique positive integer dynamically assigned by AMI when the LEC is created LEC Selector Byte Enter the 20th byte in HEX of the switch s NSAP address that you want assigned to the LEC ELAN name enter the name of the ELAN or failover LES that this LEC is to join ip mask entering ip address and netmask information here means you do not have to do it for the el interface through the configuration ip both address and admin wellknown manual wellknown indicates that the well known address will be used by this LEC to contact the LECS manual allows you to specify a specific NSAP address which this LEC will use to contact the LECS or a specific LES address to be contacted by this LEC bypassing the LECS all together wellknown is the default mode lecs lt LECS address gt Enter the LECS NSAP address to be used instead of the well known LECS address les lt LES address gt Enter the LES NSAP address to be used instead of the LES that is assigned to this ELAN in the LECS configuration file Copyright FORE Systems 1 30 98 Core Switch 5 30 Creating the LEC myswitch conf lane lec gt new lt LEC Selector byte HEX gt lt ELAN name gt ip lt IP Address gt mask lt IP netmask gt wellknown manual manual
121. lticast QoS parameters and Others for this particular client The Def indicator shows if this value is a default value inherited from the lecs cfg The Local indicator tells you if this value applies only to this specific ELAN client Copyright FORE Systems 1 30 98 Core Switch 5 41 LECS Operations a Hraj inep LE Wana Free Gs Read Free LODE ifachioe Game s Gayle is Friar Coan Local Pas Fiber Teak ue fareel Brew bj a Kami ba ay SR Pagh Fupes Spee lermapemd oF G tils Tera ited Lint of Filan i Firtiiiii Ferpsimai oF g Cares Core Switch 1 30 98 5 42 Before performing any LECS operations it is important to note that all releases of VLAN Manager prior to release 4 2 are incompatible with release 4 2 because release 4 2 utilizes 40 character NSAP addresses for each client instead of 12 character MAC addresses So prior to doing any of the steps below make copies of any existing lecs cfg files and print the contents out if possible To retrieve a configuration file lecs cfg select File Retrieve config from LECS from the Main Menu and type in the machine name IP address of the location for the lecs cfg If it is an older version you may get the prompt The file on lt lecs host name gt is an older version It needs to be converted to the current version Refer to the user manual for information on converting the file to new format To create a local backup
122. mand By naming switches logically such as by geographic location or department name it can be much easier for the user to identify the switch they are connected to Additionally ForeView Network Management Software will label switches in the network map with their name if one is given The configuration system prompt command shown is used to change the prompt displayed at the beginning of each AMI command line In the case above the prompt name london3 was used instead of the longer switch name london_asx1000_ 3 To match the prompt to the actual switch name simply type configuration system prompt default Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 9 12 Setting the Date and Time myswitch configuration switch gt timezone EST5EDT myswitch configuration switch gt top myswitch gt operation myswitch operation gt date Dec 29 12 44 13 1997 myswitch operation gt date 12 30 1997 12 45 00 myswitch operation Core Switch 1 22 98 2 13 The proper timezone of your location should be set using the configuration switch timezone command Available automatic timezones are EST5EDT Eastern Standard Time CST6CDT Central Standard Time MST7MDT Mountain Standard Time PST8PDT Pacific Standard Time AKST9AKDT Alaska Standard Time Setting the timezone with this command also allows your switch to automatically adjust for Eastern Standard or Daylight Savings Time For locations ou
123. mode options lecs lt LECS address gt or les lt LES address gt myswitch conf lane lec gt new 0x91 myswitch conf lane lec gt show Admin Oper Index Status Status Sel Mode MACaddress If Name ELAN 1 up up 0x91 wellknown 0e20481c10bb e1145 eng LECS 0x47 0079 00 000000 0000 0000 0000 00a03e000001 00 LES 0x47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21c 10bb 0020481c10bb 90 Core Switch 1 30 98 5 31 To join the ELAN make a client on a switch you must specify the selector byte for the LEC and define the name of the ELAN you wish to join The default mode is wellknown which tells the LEC to connect to the LECS using the well known address The LEC first attempts to discover the LECS address using ILMI If this doesn t work then it tries using the ATM Forum wellknown address If manual is selected you may specify a specific NSAP address which this LEC will use to contact the LECS or a specific LES address to be contacted by this LEC bypassing the LECS all together Copyright FORE Systems Core Switch 5 31 1 30 98 fo Displaying the LEC ARP Cache Core Switch 1 30 98 5 32 The configuration lane lec arp show command displays the MAC to ATM address mappings in the ARP cache as well as the associated ELAN name By adding the optional advanced parameter the VPI VCI combination being used for each connection and any flags associated with each entry is displayed Notice that you can delete arp cache entr
124. name for this contract flags When used with show lists the status of all traffic management flags options Copyright FORE Systems j 4 20 1 27 98 Core Switch Copyright FORE Systems Creating UPC Contracts foreView e UPC contracts are created by selecting UPC from the Configure pull down menu Front Panel display and filling in needed values hae LL an Te 1S a BEIA Maij hnr Teer HEPC Daaa WE Garrat EE a 3 kik mS bees iga a a o a o i ot ics FE OAT bales See Ui irig Puisi humdi ie Core Switch 1 27 98 4 21 To configure UPC contracts with ForeView use the Front Panel display s menu bar to select Configure and then UPC The UPC Contract display screen shown above will appear and may be used to create all of your different UPC contracts Core Switch 4 21 1 27 98 Applying PVC UPC Contracts SYSTEMS a AMI myswitch conf vpc gt new lt iport gt lt ivpi gt lt oport gt lt ovpi gt upc lt index gt name lt name gt myswitch conf vec gt new lt iport gt lt ivpi gt lt ivci gt lt oport gt lt ovpi gt lt ovci gt upe lt index gt name lt name gt Core Switch 1 27 98 4 22 When using AMI to manage the switch apply your pre configured UPC contracts by referring to the UPC index number for the particular contract that you want to apply to this connection Copyright FORE Systems 1 27 98 Core Switch 4 22 Applying PVC
125. nd then used to police the contract through the User Parameter Control UPC process As cells are policed if they are found not to be in conformance with the contract that was established they are either dropped or tagged their CLP bit in the cell header changed from 0 to 1 UPC contracts may be applied in three ways as part of the original signaling request call setup message SVC based as part of VPC VCC UNI or SPANS configuration PVC based or as part of an SPVC PNNI setup The following slides discuss the PVC approach to UPC policing Copyright FORE Systems i 4 19 1 27 98 Core Switch Creating UPC Contracts AMI myswitch configuration gt upc delete new show myswitch conf upc gt new lt index gt ubr aal5 noPktDisc ubrTagging AItCLP name lt name gt or myswitch conf upc gt new lt index gt lt UPC gt cdvt us noGCRA aal5 noPktDisc PPPol AltCLP scheduling roundrobin smoothed guaranteed name lt name gt Where UPC is one of the following combinations of traffic parameters cbr lt pcr01 gt cbro lt pcr0 gt lt pcr01 gt tag vbr lt pcr01 gt lt scr01 gt lt mbs01 gt vbro lt pcr01 gt lt scr0 gt lt mbs0 gt tag myswitch conf upc gt show Index PCRO1 SCRO1 MBS01 PCRO SCRO MBSO CDVT TAG Name 0 default_ubr myswitch conf upc gt show lt index gt flags Index GCRApol PPpol AAL5 PktDisc UBRtag AItCLP Scheduling Name 0 roundrobin default_ubr
126. nd to delete the file from FLASH memory All of these commands require admin level privileges The following two slides give more detail in regards to the SecurlD process and components Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 9 17 SecuriD Hardware Components serial or telnet 2345678 SecurlD ACE Servers a Primary 1 22 98 2 18 Security Dynamics http www securid com sells add on hardware software to enhance the security of the switches The servers are UNIX workstations with approximately 240 MB free disk and some physically secure links ATM or Ethernet to the switches i e in the same locked room A switch could be configured for a SecuriID ACE Server or not If it is then password prompts are sent encrypted to the active server for confirmation Multiple switches can share the same server If that server were to fail a backup server can take over If all servers are dead the switch could use its optional local password files The servers are administered with a GUI interface that code is purchased separately from Security Dynamics When someone attempts to log in to a switch the user will enter a PIN number plus a constantly changing number from the SecurlD token see next page The number changes once per minute Security Dynamics SecurlD ACE Server are all registered trademarks of Security Dynamics Technologies Inc Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 18
127. nd was successful Notice the admin status and operation status should indicate up Notice also that the LES and BUS were automatically configured as co located and given the same selector byte Copyright FORE Systems 1 30 98 Core Switch 5 27 faa Creating a LES BUS w DLE Core Switch 1 30 98 5 28 To create a LES BUS which is DLE capable simply add the anycast address of the DLE server and all peers NSAP addresses for each peer including the DLE server The show command in this case shows the LES the anycast version of the LES the BUS and each peer address Copyright FORE Systems i 5 28 wages Core Switch LES Show Advanced myswitch configuration lane les gt sh 1 advanced ELAN Name eng LES 47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21c 10bb 0020481c10bb 90 c5 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21c 10bb 0020481c10bb 66 anycast Point to Multipoint VCC to Peers 0 714 BUS 47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21c 10bb 0020481c10bb 90 PEER 1 47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21a 3552 0020481a3552 10 Point to Point VCC to Peer 0 713 Point to Multipoint VCC from Peer 0 61 LAN Type Ethernet IEEE 802 3 Maximum Data Frame Size 1516 Non proxy Control Distribute VCC 0 716 Proxy Control Distribute VCC Multicast Forward VCC 0 718 Number of local clients 1 LEC 1 at 47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21c 10bb 002048102b83 00 non proxy 00 20 48 10 2b 83 gt 47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21c 10bb 002048102b83 00 Control Direct VCC 0 715
128. ne individual ELANs specify each ELAN name as a group and give an NSAP ATM Address value to each Address key denoting the ATM address of the ELAN s LES Notice that for DLE purposes the NSAP address uses an anycast version of the address C5 vs 47 ELANs may be configured to override the overall LECS values with statements such as Sales Maximum_Frame_Size 9234 Copyright FORE Systems 1 30 98 Core Switch 5 16 LEC Accent and Reject Rules e Members of an ELAN can be specified with Accept Reject Rules These are comma separated lists consisting of aMAC Address Sales Accept 0020489304c1 002048910662 an ATM address Sales Accept 47000580ffe1000000f21a01b90020480605b200 47000580 ffe1000000f21a01b900204856da2300 an ATM address and equal length bit mask Sales Accept 47000580ffe10000000000000000204800000000 ff fffffff fff ff000000000000FfffffO0000000 an ATM address with embedded X don t care nibbles Sales Accept 47000580ffe1000000f21a0323XXXXXXXXXXXX00 Core Switch 1 30 98 5 17 To control which clients LECs may or may not join a particular ELAN Accept and Reject entries may be added to the LECS configuration file When using the bit mask option a client will be admitted to the ELAN if its ATM address matches that in the Accept statements everywhere that the mask has a 1 bit f Notice that there is no comma placed between the ATM address and the
129. nection creation process Lastly if you are running LANE or Classical IP this switch may not be configured correctly for the application Perhaps its NSAP address was incorrectly entered into an lecs cfg file or it is not part of the Classical IP subnet etc Copyright FORE Systems i 6 3 1 28 98 Core Switch Connected Pair of Switches Problems If a pair of connected switches are exhibiting the problem look at e the physical link polarity between switches e any loopbacks on the physical link e Path 0 status on the link between switches e Appropriate use of alternate paths and channels on the link e Port problems at one end of the link Core Switch 1 28 98 6 4 For problems related to a pair of connected switches the approach is to focus on the link between the switches First look at the port LED indicators for the interconnecting link Are the polarity indications correct Next access conf port sh under AMI or the Port Control screen under ForeView to determine if the interconnecting link port on either end is in loopback Is path O required on the link signaling for the application you are running and if so is it enabled and the proper signaling up Use conf spans sh or conf sig sh under AMI or look at the color of the port status bars under ForeView to determine if the appropriate signaling type is active and address registration has taken place for the device attached to the port Is
130. nel number at the input port Output Port The actual port number this channel is to leave from VPI The path number used for this channel at the output port VCI The channel number at the output port UPC the unique UPC index applied to this channel Note that if this option is not given the default is a UPC index 0 or a UBR contract Protocol the protocol used to create this channel This field will show PVC for channels that you create using this command Name The name for this channel that you have assigned Note that for this specific example the output path 1D2 20 would have to be created before this channel could be created Notice also that the four channels shown besides the one created by the user are the default channels created at each port by the switch control software Copyright FORE Systems j 4 16 1 27 98 Core Switch PVC Virtual Channel Creation JoreView e VCCs are created by selecting the PVC tool and entering the port path and channel for each end poni and l on Create Tel Tga J 4 theral Central i Baith DAAL Breii i h E Part iE Fil reife sal wE wE xii FI birie Pet ee en ec he boa Cier J Palria ia Chere Src r cg Dikip Beant Te Teich Wl PE 2 21 4 i re RAHE E Core Switch 1 27 98 4 17 To create virtual channel connections using ForeView you use the Channel Tool This tool can be chosen from the FVMap icons or from the Front
131. non blocking 64 bit contentionless Time Division Multiplexed TDM bus running at 40 MHz and providing 2 5 Gbps of bandwidth FORE Systems Contentionless Time Division Switching fabric permits all input output ports to transmit at their maximum rate without encountering blocking or congestion within the switching fabric That s because the sum of all the network module ports time slots cannot exceed the total capacity of the switch The capacity of FORE Systems Smart output buffers ranges from 13 312 to 65 536 cells FORE s high performance network modules feature automatic and dynamic buffer allocation per VC queuing packet level discard and multiple service priorities The ForeRunner ASX 1000 is also the first enterprise ATM switch to cross the threshold of over 1 000 000 cell buffers per ATM switch These features are essential for effective bandwidth management when connecting high speed LAN environments to lower speed WAN services FORE s Smart Buffers have the ability to automatically and dynamically allocate memory space based upon a connection s service level requirements This dynamic allocation statistically increases the effective size of the buffers by 1 5 to 3 times giving FORE s switch an effective capacity of almost 40 000 cells per port or 75 000 to 150 000 cells per switch Buffer capacity can also be statically allocated to some connections if the connection s service level requires it as is the case with
132. nt of the switch Always related to the input port ivci the virtual channel identifier at the input point of the switch Always related to the input port oport the port number where the virtual channel leaves the switch Always associated with the transmit side of the physical port ovpi the virtual path identifier at the output point of the switch Always related to the output port ovci the virtual channel identifier at the output point of the switch Always related to the output port The optional parameters for creating a Virtual Channel Connection are upc lt index gt the UPC index or contract to be applied to this Virtual Channel Connection If no index is given the switch assumes the default index of 0 which is a UBR contract name lt name gt a name may be assigned up to 32 ASCII characters to this particular VCC which may be useful for billing purposes inctype orig tran term indicates the connection type for the incoming channel outctype orig tran term indicates the connection type for the outgoing channel pmp mpp mpmpy indicates the type of channel for record keeping purposes Copyright FORE Systems i 4 14 1 27 98 Core Switch SYSTEMS ASK 1000 TNKX 1100 PVC VCC Configuration AMI 1 27 98 4 15 On an ASX 1000 or TNX 1100 if you want to configure a PVC VCC from a port on one fabric fabric 2 port a1 in the example above to a port on another fabric fab
133. o the serial port of a workstation or a terminal device VT100 e Default parameters for the serial port are 9600 N 8 1 Core Switch 1 22 98 2 3 Nearly any standard terminal device can be used to connect to any Fore ATM switch Commonly a workstation is used by simply connecting the serial port of the workstation to the serial port on the switch using the factory supplied cable 25 pin male d subminiature to 9 pin male d subminiature for i960 SCP equipped ASX TNX MSC switches 9 pin female d subminiature to 9 pin female d subminiature for the LE 155 and Pentium SCP equipped ASX TNX MSC switches A process e g HyperTerminal or Tip Hardwire can then be run on the workstation to communicate with the switch The serial port may also be connected to a modem by using a null modem adapter on the factory supplied cable The following configuration should be used on any Hayes compatible modem Setting Comment ATEO Turn off Echoing ATQ1 No Return Codes AT amp CO Force Carrier Detect CD High AT amp DO Ignore Data Terminal Ready DTR AT amp W Save Modem Configuration Sample String ATEOQ1 amp C0 amp D0 amp W Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 9 3 Login from the Serial Port login ami Password or Enter PASSCODE Warning Userid ami does not have a local password set Please use configuration security login password to set the local password ATM Management Interface v5 1 0 Copyright c 1994 1997
134. ode trace gt myswitch debug gt mode debug mode is set to novice myswitch debug dump gt cdb size kkkkk WARNING kkkkk Debug commands nay have negative effects on the switch software Dump commands pause the switch control software for their duration may have many pages of output and cannot be stopped mid execution Various trace commands can overload the switch with syslog messages You can turn off this warning with debug mode wizard Execute the debug command n y CDB size 7998 bytes Core Switch 1 28 98 6 9 The debug commands are normally used after a problem has been encountered on a switch or in a network The mode can be set to novice or wizard and the difference is mainly in the amount of dialog presented to you when running the commands an example of the novice script is shown above In wizard mode the command would have been executed without the warning Besides mode the other two debug options are dump and trace Trace is utilized to turn on or off collection of information and dump is used to display the information collected Details of all the debug commands are found in the ForeRunner ATM Switch Diagnostics and Troubleshooting Manual Core Switch 6 9 1 28 98 Statistics Gathering e ATM statistics can be gathered for switching products using AMI or ForeView e AMI statistics include board module port signaling connection and OAM e ForeV
135. of the facility s current priority level At the bottom of the slide shown above is an example of a syslog output for AMI Notice that it tells you the date and time of the activity the switch name it was performed on the user login the address that was used to reach the SCP in this case a direct connection to the serial port the command and the result of the command For more detail of the audit command refer to the AMI Configuration Commands Reference Manual Core Switch 3 22 1 27 98 Panic Condition myswitch operation panic gt show name tWdTickle status 0x00000004 pri 0 edi 0000000000 esi 0x03e37e10 ebp 0x03e37dd0 esp 0x03e37dcc Software version 5 1 0 rev 1 16721 with 0 deltas The panic dump is complete or There is no panic dump to show you myswitch operation panic gt clear OK Core Switch 1 27 98 3 23 If a FORE ATM switch ever reboots without provocation or hangs up in a particular inoperable state requiring a reboot a panic file is generated automatically and sent to the syslog host if one has been designated as on an earlier slide Fore s TAC should be contacted with regard to this situation and if no syslog host was designated TAC will request that you perform the AMI command operation panic show to view and potentially copy the panic file associated with this switch problem Panic files are stored in Flash memory or as part of syslog and may be directed to a remote hos
136. of the lecs cfg select File Local Backup Save as from the Main Menu Type in the path to use and the file name To open a locally saved and edited lecs cfg select File Local Backup Open from the Main Menu This screen allows you to modify the path and name of the locally stored configuration file Copyright FORE Systems 1 30 98 Core Switch 5 42 ROJN SYSTEMS Configuration Core Switch 1 30 98 5 43 Classical IP is the second form of LAN data over ATM support presented in this module Although it has been around for some time it has not changed functionally since its initial release and continues to offer the same disadvantages while other applications such as LANE have improved over time Copyright FORE Systems 1 30 98 Core Switch 5 43 Classical IP Overview e RFC 1577 contains the rules e IP only unicast only arpserver required e MTU size up to 65 535 bytes 9 180 default e IP encapsulation per RFC 1483 Sec 4 1 e Four virtual interfaces per switch fabric Qaa 0 3 e Clients join LISs each with unique subnet address e Must route between LISs e SVC operation based on ATM F UNI signaling and ILMI NSAP address registration Core Switch 1 30 98 5 44 Unlike LANE Classical IP is defined by the IETF through RFC 1577 and addresses IP LAN data over ATM only Notice that today it is unicast only and all communications are established with the help of an ARP server FORE
137. on requires an AMI session you could open a session from the File pull down menu on the Front Panel display and perform the steps listed in the previous slide Copyright FORE Systems Core Switch 5 46 1 30 98 ROJN SYSTEMS FOREIP Overview and Configuration Core Switch 1 30 98 5 47 FOREIP was at one point in time the only method available for moving LAN data over ATM Although its functionality has not changed significantly over time it is only very recently that standards based support has been made available which duplicates all of the features inherent in an original FOREIP SPANS network environment Copyright FORE Systems 1 30 98 Core Switch 5 47 FOREIP Overview e IP only Broadcast Multicast supported using Connectionless Server e MTU size up to 65 535 9 188 bytes default e IP encapsulation per RFC 1483 Sec 5 e Only one virtual interface per switch fabric asx0 e Clients all join one subnet e SVC operation based on SPANS signaling and CLS SPANS address registration Core Switch 1 30 98 5 48 FOREIP was introduced in the 1992 time frame as a prestandard solution for moving LAN data specifically IP over ATM Although an IP only solution like Classical IP it fully supported broadcast and multicast operations unlike Classical IP FOREIP supports only one virtual interface SVC connections are made utilizing SPANS signaling to other SPANS addresses which are registered over
138. one switch problems those affecting only one switch in the network the approach is to focus only on that one switch from a logical physical to application progression First just look at the switch Are there any lights on Are there any red lights on Remember our LAN port LED indicators are out when polarity is correct and when the switch is powered off Are the power supply lights on and green Remember only one has to be on and green for BXs and 1000s Is the display indicating the name of the switch Some people create a name longer than the display so that it must constantly scroll Is it scrolling If not what does it say If it flashes Bootp over and over it means the operating system can t be found and it is looking for a new one on its Ethernet interface Can you access the switch using any management technique If you can look at conf sw sh using AMI or click on the FORE logo on the Front Panel display in ForeView to see if you can find out which revision of hardware firmware and software is running Use conf spans sh or conf sig sh under AMI or look at the color of the port status bars under ForeView to determine if the appropriate signaling type is active and address registration has taken place for the device attached to the port Use conf vpc sh conf vpt sh and conf vcc sh under AMI or PVP VPC control under ForeView to determine whether any PVCs are present and potentially causing problems for your con
139. or AMI configurable spvc id number Notice also that you can specify a forward and backward upc index for this bidirectional SPVC Advanced features include the ability to indicate a preferred SVC call route through the use of a FT PNNI Designated Transit List DTL to indicate a bearer class X all ATM media A non ATM CBR media and C non ATM VBR UBR ABR media to indicate whether this SPVC is susceptible to clipping loss of a brief interval at the beginning of a speech spurt to indicate the use of a QoS expansion table and to indicate the forward and backward QoS class for this SPVC connection Copyright FORE Systems j 4 28 1 27 98 Core Switch Configuring PNNI SPWCs foreView e PNNI SPVCs are created by selecting PNNI SPVC from the VPC VCC Control pull down menu FP display and filling in values Wrted Path hammi Foot Faries Tool Tee Praia i E PH PAE Fegi j mgh jar ea we s a Setichrt Mar Tibe jiran c m i E T TE E Fort Ha m asrar Clann Elm z nk Tei Te en Far a zl Timirg ralsice io ub a pai Chiri Birki le J Bros Eier kira Ermia Darel rs Talisma Callim Calling Cal baal a Ter urieh Pot vl fl ATMichi e ps l Core Switch 1 27 98 4 29 To configure PNNI SPVCs using ForeView select PNNI SPVC from the VPC VCC Control pull down menu on the Front Panel Display You will be shown the PNNI
140. ore Switch Statistics connection ANI myswitch statistics gt vpt fabric lt port gt lt vpi gt myswitch statistics gt vpt 2a4 Input Output Failures Port VPI Port VPI CAC VCI Setup 2A4 0 terminate 0 0 0 originate 2A4 0 0 0 0 myswitch statistics gt vpc traffic lt port gt lt vpi gt myswitch statistics gt vpc traffic 1a1 Input Output CellsTx CellsLost Port VPI Port VPI CLPO CLP1 EPD CLP0 1 CLP1 Unintent Intent 1A1 1 142 1 0 0 NA 0 0 0 N A 1A1 2 1A3 2 0 0 NA 0 0 0 N A myswitch statistics gt vcc traffic lt port gt lt vpi gt lt vci gt myswitch statistics gt vec la1 0 15 Input Output Cells Cells Port VPI VCI Port VPI VCI Uptime Received Rejected 1A1 0 15 1CTL O 32 0d 03 22 67821 0 Core Switch 1 28 98 6 18 Statistics may be gathered on a connection basis for VPT VPC and VCC type connections per fabric or individually VPT statistics are collected per fabric port path direction and indicate Call Admission Control failures not enough bandwidth VCI failures VCI already in use out of range or not enough VCls on this path and Setup failures output netmod cannot support this connection VPC statistics are collected per port through path and may be displayed as cells received rejected similar to VCC display above or as path traffic statistics indicating Cells Lost cells on this path dropped by output netmod CellsLostIntent cells on this path for LC or D n
141. ort for distributed timing and configuring support of different traffic models However the front panel display itself provides a wealth of information visually It shows what type of modules are installed in each slot including their model designation which connectors are active and even the name of the device to which each port is attached Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 41 Displaying Port Information AMI myswitch configuration gt port aal5packetdiscard admin aisrdi cac cdvt cesds1 gt cese1 gt delay ds1 gt ds3 gt e1 gt e3 gt gcrapolicing j2 gt led gt policing pppolicing show sonet gt taxi gt tp25 gt traffic gt ubrtagging vbrbuffob vbrob myswitch configuration port gt show 1A2 Port Carrier Admin Mbps ATM Rate CDVT Policing VBROB BuffOB AIS RDI Model 1A2 yes up 155 0 149 8 250 enabled 100 100 disabled OC3 myswitch configuration port gt show 1A2 tm GCRA Policing AAL5 PP Pol AAL5 Packet Discard Tag All Port CAC CBR VBR CBR VBR CBR VBR UBR UBR 1A2 disabled svcOn svcOn_ allOff allOff svcOn svcOn svcOn svcOff Core Switch 1 22 98 2 42 The AMI command conf port shows all the sub commands in the port area Notice that specific port type i e ds1 etc sub commands are combined with specific functional commands i e traffic We will be covering several specific types of ports in the following slides Notice also that the show command can be used to show all port information or just
142. our problems In addition use the Comments box to provide additional configuration information SNMP configuration software version etc Copyright FORE Systems i 6 22 1 28 98 Core Switch Switch Troubleshooting Practice Total Time 10 minutes Completion 5 minutes Review 5 minutes It is suggested that you try to complete this exercise from memory However if you need to consult your notes or the manual feel free to do so Both transmit and receive lights out on a netmod port always indicates a proper functioning port True False The Channel Trace Tool provided with ForeView only traces a channel up until the point that its VPI VCI changes True False If one wanted to gather physical layer SONET error statistics one would a Type the AMI command statistics sonet b Type the AMI command statistics port sonet c Select Signaling from the ForeView Port Control screen d All of the above AUPC contract may be applied to a connection which in so doing disables the application running over the connection True False ILMI being on or off on a switch port has little to do with the LANE functionality on that port True False Copyright FORE Systems j 6 23 1 28 98 Core Switch Switch Troubleshooting Answers Total Time 10 minutes Completion 5 minutes Review 5 minutes It is suggested that you try to complete this exercise from memory However if you need to consult your note
143. ow just originating or terminating SPVCs advanced information or just a normal show which shows all originating and terminating information for all SPVCs but without advanced information Notice also that UPC is assigned only for originating SPVCs and that Source UPC fupc lt index gt and Destination UPC bupc lt index gt The VPVC SEL column under Destination identifies your selection for destination VPI VCI values NoPref means you did not specify If the switch is a FORE switch the values selected will be displayed in the Destination VPI VCI columns If the destination switch is not a FORE switch is displayed in the destination VPI VCI columns Require means that you did specify VPI VCI values to be used by the destination switch Copyright FORE Systems i 4 30 1 27 98 Core Switch Configuring PVC amp SPVCs Practice Total Time 10 minutes Completion 5 minutes Review 5 minutes It is suggested that you try to complete this exercise from memory However if you need to consult your notes or the manual feel free to do so Through Paths may be assigned a name with a maximum of 16 ASCII characters True False What command is used to show the endpoint connection types for the ingress egress and path type label assigned to a through path PVCs do not have to stay on the same path and channel as they move from port to port through a switch True False All netmods have a default
144. pE E Fame Sioa hk Cancel Help Core Switch 1 30 98 5 39 Once a domain has been established VLANs may be created There are three types 802 style VLANs ELANs or Hybrid VLANs which indicate the type of clients supported The determination of which type of VLAN is created is made automatically as the first client member is added or may be pre defined using the advanced button To create a VLAN select VLAN Create from the Main Menu and select the advanced button after typing in the VLAN name The screen shown above on the right will be displayed Select which type of VLAN you want to create by pressing one of the buttons at the top of the screen This will enable either the ELAN portion of the screen the 802 style VLAN portion of the screen or both if Hybrid is selected Enter the type of ELAN its frame size and its LES and BUS server locations You may let the NSAP selector byte be automatically selected or show and adjust it by selecting Show NSAP If 802 style VLAN or Hybrid was selected select either Port Based or MAC Address Based as the client definition membership type Copyright FORE Systems 1 30 98 Core Switch 5 39 Modifying ELANS TI bii ibe Pe ree CL Pareles Einar Bf 1 peecatta rad ae Dami Core Switch 1 30 98 5 40 If after creating an ELAN you decide to adjust some parameter select VLAN Modify from the Main Menu and press t
145. pfiltering lookup command as shown above The switch will return an answer of accepted or rejected and the template id of the specific template that accepted or rejected the tested call setup message If the message does not match any of the templates in the filter the switch returns an answer of rejected and address unknown This is a test only and as such does not set a trap or show up as a failed connection attempt Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 26 Starting a foreView Session e On a Sun workstation simply run fvmap from usr local foreview bin e Insure your switch shows in the dialog box e Note Sun will use SNMP over FOREIP interface configured at power up e On a WindowsNT PC select the ForeView program group and double click on the FVMAP icon e Note PC would need interface configured for SNMP over ATM Ethernet on same network as switch not initially configured 1 22 98 2 27 Either of the steps above will lead you to the same ForeView network map screen shown on the next slide from which you can go into Front Panel view VCC creation mode etc You can even run the previously discussed AMI or Telnet sessions from this initial screen Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 27 Initial ForeView Screen Discovers all ATM attached devices on the network and shows them in relationship to your defined first discovered component Core Swit
146. playing Switch information AMI london configuration gt switch london configuration switch gt sh Switch london Type asx200bxtnx210 up 2 days 19 40 Hardware version B Software version S_ForeThought_5 1 0 1 16721 Maximum Virtual Path Connections 32768 Maximum Virtual Channels 16384 SPANS address 00000038f21a0e87 PMP Minimum Reserved VCI 155 PMP Maximum Reserved VCI 255 Switch TimeZone N A london configuration switch gt Core Switch 1 22 98 2 30 Notice that when using AMI to display switch information you are told the name of the switch how long it has been running and the versions of hardware and software Also shown is the switch s SPANS address and what time zone it has been assigned if different from factory default Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 30 Displaying Switch w information oreWew natal beta ce R i g ht c l i c k O n the Control process uptime 6 days 21 46 21 FOR E Systems log O Switch hardware model 5 ie Switch serial number 16009 Switch hardware version 0 0 0 0x6 Switch software version 5 1 0 0x50100 Path lookup errors 7 Channel lookup errors 32644 Maximum input paths 32768 Maximum input channels 1638 e 3 File aas Doiga Tahar Foclang LYR Carral Software version detail S_ForeThought_5 1 0 1 16721 Type of CPU in SCP i960ha 7 Ieee it ioe hji barjaire ima Diar ei The TH mith board ml meter Core Sw
147. r type of connection under Control VPC VCC on the Front Panel display you will be taken to that type of connection s channel tool VPC is shown above on the left When you browse that connection type information is displayed showing all connections of that type including uptime Also information such as transmitted cell counts and errors associated with cell movement can be found as part of the port status screen right click on a selected port Copyright FORE Systems 1 28 98 Core Switch 6 19 Copyright FORE Systems Working With TAC e TAC may be called at any point in your troubleshooting procedure but e First try to collect as much information about the problem as possible e Try to duplicate the problem at least once e Then call 800 671 FORE 3673 or fax questions to 724 742 7900 or send email to support fore com e Or use TAClink part of ForeView to send error log file or stack trace to TAC Core Switch 1 28 98 6 20 TAC may be called faxed emailed or written anytime you encounter a problem with FORE equipment but it will help both parties if some information collection is done first As part of ForeView we also offer TAClink which is an automated way to inform TAC of a problem encountered by ForeView at your site The following slide shows the TAClink screen and explains how it is used Core Switch 6 20 1 28 98 ForeViewTACIink e Auto manual retrieval of m critical
148. rectly for one of the links in the connection or incorrect IP addressing applied to one end of the connection Again the channel trace tool of ForeView is a very valuable tool to determine this If the connection has a UPC contract or nsap filtering rules applied to it there is a possibility that the parameters defined are not robust enough to allow the application to operate In this case try removing the contract or rules or try increasing the UPC values Many single connection problems are related to the application itself such as ILMI off on a link or device requiring signaling pointing to the wrong ARP server NSAP address or incorrect application of accept and or reject statements in the lecs cfg Core Switch 6 5 1 28 98 The foreView Channel Trace Tool D ErsereaTrari rg ims Tm imini Brn ifur MRSN Triat iwr Fah Tmar Fean Co ae Cisar TEN Coui bpn het Se Fi a igs hr iye oF a f Le Ls kl ii E mi 1 H n oad E IE 1 Se Core Switch 1 28 98 6 6 To perform a channel trace with ForeView select Trace VP VC from the Front Panel display Control VPC VCC pull down menu The Trace screen shown above on the right is displayed showing all end point addresses in this network Select an end point to start tracing from and then select either to trace the connection or trace and graph the connection The area at the bottom of the trace screen will show a link by lin
149. ric 4 port b1 in the example above you may go through the intra fabric e above The intra fabric port 2e4 means that traffic is coming from fabric 2 and going to fabric 4 The intra fabric port 4e2 means that traffic is coming from fabric 4 and going to fabric 2 So the commands in AMI to complete this vcc connection would look as follows configuration vcc gt new 2a1 0 100 2e4 0 100 configuration vcc gt new 2e4 0 100 2a1 0 100 and configuration vcc gt new 4b1 0 100 4e2 0 100 configuration vcc gt new 4e2 0 100 4b1 0 100 Copyright FORE Systems i 4 15 1 27 98 Core Switch PVC Virtual Channel Creation AMI Example myswitch configuration gt vcc delete new show myswitch configuration vec gt new 1c1 0 100 1d2 20 100 myswitch configuration vecc gt show 1c1 Input Output Port VPI VCI Port VPI VCI UPC Protocol Name 1C1 1CTL 0 40 uni N A 1C1 1CTL 0 39 spans N A 1C1 1CTL 0 38 spans N A 1C1 1CTL 0 55 uni N A 1C1 1D2 20 100 pvc Core Switch 1 27 98 4 16 This slide illustrates the command used to create a new virtual channel connection Notice the new channel for this port 1C1 is shown at the bottom of the display list Notice also that the software sorts the display by the input port number The remaining information in this display can be interpreted as follows Input Port The actual port number this channel comes from VPI The path number used for this channel on the input port VCI The chan
150. right FORE Systems LECS Configuration File Syntax e Each line takes this general form group key value e Groups Represent ELANs by name and clients by ATM or MAC address as well as miscellaneous LECS control information e Keys denote individual parameters within a Group e Values denote values for those parameters Core Switch 1 30 98 5 15 The LECS Configuration file is a sequence of lines The lines may be continued by placing a backslash at the end of the line Each line takes the general form of group key value A missing group implies that the key and value apply to all groups For example to specify a maximum frame size of 18190 bytes for all ELANs defined in this lecs cfg file rather than the default value of 1516 for Ethernet or 4544 for Token Ring enter the following Maximum_Frame_Size 18190 LECS specific parameters can also be defined The example below specifies the length of time that an idle data connection Configuration Direct VCC remains open before being closed the default value is 1200 seconds VCC_TimeOut_Period 300 Core Switch 5 15 1 30 98 Defining an ELAN e Creating individual ELANs lt elan name gt Address lt ATM address of LES gt Example Sales Address 47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21a 01b9 0020480846b2 10 or for DLE Sales Address C5 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21a 01b9 0020480846b2 10 Core Switch 1 30 98 5 16 To defi
151. rily Reset the network module n y myswitch configuration module gt Core Switch 1 22 98 2 40 Typing conf mod sh under AMI shows each module installed on this switch and some specific details about each module Notice that there are several different types of netmods each with its own series designation info rate per port and even support or lack of support for distributed timing C2 designates a Circuit Emulation module If you would like to reset a netmod or perform tests offline you should first admin the netmod down with the following command myswitch configuration module gt admin lt netmod gt down You can then reset the netmod without affecting the other netmods in that switch This action is the same as removing and replacing the netmod with power applied All connections will be torn down and rebuilt as necessary The configuration module traffic command is used to configure or display information in regards to traffic management parameters associated with each specific type of netmod For more detail on this area refer to the AMI Configuration Commands Reference Manual Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 40 Displaying Module w information oreWew e Use the Front Panel Display e Select a port and pull down Configure Module File bait Cankiget Tice Pali WLAT Goel hati Core Switch 1 22 98 2 41 At a module level ForeView allows only two options configuring supp
152. rms the same function as the power LED on the ASX series flashes red during reset to indicate i960 self test and turns green upon successful completion red for failure Notice that there is no Ethernet port which eliminates the possibility of utilizing the ASX series Bootp method for recovering a loss of operating system The LE 155 supports an xmodem serial boot capability Copyright FORE Systems 1 15 98 Core Switch 1 5 ASK 1000 Hardware Configuration Power ForeRunner Su ppl ies AC DC Fan Tray Core Switch 1 15 98 1 6 The ASX 1000 can have as many as four independent switching fabrics housed in a single chassis Each fabric has the same features as the ASX 200BX with up to two i960ha or Pentium SCPs If switching is required from one fabric to another data can be transferred over an integrated shared backplane In addition the ASX 1000 has a management station interface in the far left bay called the Common Equipment Card CEC with these features Alarm relay contacts normally closed when there is no power to the switch The user may attach alarm circuits to these contacts to trigger alarm LEDs called AL1 and AL2 also located on the front of the management station which can then be defined by the user as major or minor alarms The actual cause of the alarm can be determined by using AMI Ethernet 10BaseT Port standard RJ45 supplied on the CEC to be used as a single unified Ethernet connection to al
153. rs You may gather statistics related to virtual connections i e vcc vpc and vpt You may gather statistics related to signaling i e Spans or uni You may gather statistics related to the IP stack running on the switch fabric i e icmp interface ip tcp or udp Or as in the case of installation and or configuration verification you may gather statistics related to the switch product itself i e board module as shown above and port as shown on the next slide Note that only Series C LC and D netmods support the traffic extension Note also that the Circuit Emulation service port information is separate from the rest of the port information Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 55 Statistics port AMI myswitch statistics gt port Input Output Cells Cells Port VPs VCs BW VPs VCs BW Received Transmitted ErrSecs Overflows 1A1 1 6 0 8K 1 6 0 0K 0 742025 0 0 1A2 1 6 0 8K 1 6 0 0K 0 742025 0 0 1CTL 1 12 0 0K 1 14 0 0K 2756927 1283307 0 0 myswitch statistics gt port sonet sonet Port 1D1 Counter Value Delta sonetSectionBIPs 1571776380 863766 sonetSectionLOSs 32745 18 sonetSectionLOFs 32745 18 sonetLineBIPs 0 0 sonetLineFEBEs 0 0 sonetLineAlSs 32745 18 sonetLineRDIs 0 0 sonetPathBIPs 0 sonetPathFEBEs 0 sonetPathLOPs 0 sonetPathAlSs sonetPathRDIs Press return for more q to quit Core Switch 1 22 98 2 56 Overall port statistics can be obtained by typing the AMI command statistics port
154. rtlvs Entering enable the default allows the LES to operate fully in an MPOA environment anycast Indicates the anycast address that all LECs in the ELAN use to connect to one of the DLE servers for that ELAN peers Enter the ATM addresses of this DLE server s peers The peeradd peerdelete and security commands allow LES modification after creation Copyright FORE Systems Core Switch 5 26 1 30 98 Creating a LES BUS myswitch configuration lane les gt new lt LES Selector byte HEX gt lt LES name gt bus lt BUS Selector Byte HEX gt type ethernet token ring mtu 1516 4544 9234 18190 secure wka lt LECS ATM Address gt registertlvs enable disable anycast lt LES Anycast ATM Address gt peers lt atm addr gt myswitch configuration lane les gt new 90 eng myswitch configuration lane les gt show Index AdminStatus OperStatus LesSel Type MTU ELAN SECURE TLVs 1 up up 0x90 ethernet 1516 eng disable enable LES 0x47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21a 3596 0020481a3596 90 BUS 0x47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21a 3596 0020481a3596 90 Co_Located Core Switch 1 30 98 5 27 Creating a LES BUS ELAN instance on a switch is very simple Decide what selector byte you are going to use for this ELAN and its name Then just type configuration lane les new lt sel byte gt lt name gt Typing configuration lane les show will show you if your new comma
155. ry SCP Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 35 Configuring AMI Timeout and UPC Units AMI myswitch configuration gt system show dualscp gt prompt protocol syslog gt timeout units myswitch configuration system gt sh AMI Session Timeout 60 File transfer protocol tftp UPC Units cps myswitch configuration system gt prompt default lt new prompt gt myswitch configuration system gt protocol ftp tftp myswitch configuration system gt timeout lt minutes gt myswitch configuration system gt units cps kbps myswitch configuration system gt Core Switch 1 22 98 2 36 The configuration system command gives you a control of a variety of system level functions Besides the previously discussed dualscp function you may change the prompt displayed by your switch or align it with the system name change the default protocol for such transfer functions as cdb backups perform syslog configuration change the AMI timeout or the default units for such functions as UPC From the configuration system AMI screen you may configure the number of minutes of non activity after which an AMI session telnet and serial port sessions will time out and exit you out of the session A configuration system show command will give you the current AMI settings in minutes the default is 5 minutes A reading of 0 indicates that AMI will not time out The configuration system
156. s e To access the switch in band over ATM or out of band over Ethernet e Unique switch name e Date and Time if necessary e Passwords for ami and asx admin accounts 1 22 98 2 5 Although FORE s ATM switches are shipped ready to begin switching ATM cells without configuration you may wish to provide ATM in band or Ethernet out of band management access to the switch by assigning an IP address to one of those interfaces You may also want to give the switch a unique name and adjust the date and time to your specific location switches are all shipped with the name ATM SWITCH and referenced to a Pittsburgh time zone Optionally you may want to password or passcode protect access to the switch s SCP through the ami and asx userids All of these initial configuration options are discussed in greater detail in the following slides Hint Make the name longer than 8 digits so that it scrolls across the front panel display and you will be able to tell at a glance that the switch s processor is functioning Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 5 Navigation in AMI myswitch gt about close configuration gt display gt exit help open operation gt ping rows statistics gt top myswitch configuration or co myswitch configuration gt Core Switch 1 22 98 2 6 Navigation through AMI is quite simple Typing shows the commands available on that level Commands can be executed with the min
157. s ambient temperature of the board signaling status and link status The user can define whether failure is a Major or Minor alarm through the use of the Alarm Control dialogue box Copyright FORE Systems Core Switch 3 20 1 27 98 System Log Messages myswitch configuration system syslog gt show No remote syslog host set Syslog messages will not be sent Syslog Facility daemon Console enabled myswitch configuration system syslog gt set 198 29 21 158 local2 Remote Syslog Host 198 29 21 158 Syslog Facility is now local2 myswitch configuration system syslog gt console Syslog console output is currently ON myswitch configuration system syslog gt console disable Core Switch 1 27 98 3 21 All FORE ATM switches create system log messages as they operate and send these messages to the console and to a remote host based syslog if configured To determine the current state of system log messages type the AMI command configuration system syslog show as shown above If you want to set up a remote host based system log facility type the AMI command configuration system syslog set lt remote host IP address gt localx x 0 7 This means that you may collect up to 8 switches worth of syslog info on one host The use of this information for diagnosing a panic condition is discussed on a later slide If you want to disable the syslog output to the console port type the AMI command configuration system sy
158. s or the manual feel free to do so Both transmit and receive lights out on a netmod port always indicates a proper functioning port True False The Channel Trace Tool provided with ForeView only traces a channel up until the point that its VPI VCI changes True False If one wanted to gather physical layer SONET error statistics one would a Type the AMI command statistics sonet b Type the AMI command statistics port sonet c Select Signaling from the ForeView Port Control screen d All of the above AUPC contract may be applied to a connection which in so doing disables the application running over the connection True False ILMI being on or off on a switch port has little to do with the LANE functionality on that port True False Copyright FORE Systems j 6 24 1 28 98 Core Switch
159. se file the ForeView site wide configuration file ForeView version etc Second there is Switch Topology information which gives Technical support some information about the network that is being managed with ForeView Finally there is OpenView specific information which is retrieved including a database dump local registration files etc A section for user comments exists so that the user can insert more information about what caused the fatal error to occur If a stacktrace file is not specified the error log file in usr fore foreview tmp directory is sent as long as the environment variable FOREVIEW_HOME is set Selectable filter options ForeView Specific Network Topology OpenView Specific provide additional information to aid in troubleshooting your problems In addition use the Comments box to provide additional configuration information SNMP configuration software version etc Copyright FORE Systems i 6 21 1 28 98 Core Switch fvtacink form e The fvtacink form lets you enter information about the stack trace comments and environment before it is sent via e mail to FORE TAC 1 28 98 6 22 If a stacktrace file is not specified the error log file in usr fore foreview tmp directory is sent as long as the environment variable FOREVIEW_HOME is set Selectable filter options ForeView Specific Network Topology OpenView Specific provide additional information to aid in troubleshooting y
160. show command also shows the current setting for User Parameter Control UPC units cells per second or Kilobits per second This setting determines which units are used for configuring and displaying policing parameters related to cell rate i e PCR SCR etc Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 36 This page intentionally blank Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 37 Serial Port Configuration AMI myswitch configuration gt rs232 show speed myswitch configuration rs232 gt show Port Type Speed Flow Bits Stops Parity A rs232 9600 none 8 one none myswitch configuration rs232 gt speed A B lt speed gt myswitch configuration rs232 gt Core Switch 1 22 98 2 38 As shown above you can determine the communications characteristics of the serial port on your switch by running the command configuration rs232 show On an LE 155 you may define the speed of the port by using the command configuration rs232 speed and entering the desired speed for the serial port The default SCP serial port speed of 9600 bps on an ASX 200WG 25 ASX 200BX TNX 210 ASX 1000 or TNX 1100 may not be changed Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 38 Serial Port Usage ForeView e Right clicking on the DB 9 Serial port will bring up an AMI command line session on the switch z Trying 198 29 21 3 Faries Arira abra Connected to london Escape character is f
161. sig_alloc vp link auto sig_mode nonAssoc vpAssoc auto qos_exp lt QoSExpIndex gt carrier_loss_action clearCalls noClear atmroute options cost lt cost gt domain lt domain gt timer options sscopnoresp_timer lt sec gt public options ilmireg disable ignore addressformat private el64 el64address lt el64Address gt el64mapping enable disable plantype international national subscriber iefilter Information Element filtering options iefilter one or more of cg cgs cds blli blli23 bhli aal defaultcpn lt NSAPAddress gt NSAP Address Filtering options incomingfilter lt filter id gt outgoingfilter lt filter id gt Core Switch 1 30 98 5 4 Before a signaling channel can be created on a given VPI an originating and a terminating path must exist for that same VPI You may specify which protocol to use for this signaling channel UNI 3 0 or 3 1 or PNNI 1 0 or allow the switch to determine which to use based on setup messages received The default is auto When a host is connected to this interface the ilmi option allows you to enable disable ilmi The default is up If this interface is an IISP interface select down lf this interface is connected to a host select network If connected to another switch over an IISP link one switch must select user and one must select network If this
162. slides The Generic selection under Port when selected displays a screen of overall port information similar to the AMI command conf port show Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 43 Configuring SONET Ports AMI myswitch configuration port gt sonet emptycells loopback mode scrambling show timing myswitch configuration port sonet gt sh 4c7 Port Width Line Mode Loopback Timing Scrambling EmptyCells 4C1 sts3c MM sonet none internal on unassigned myswitch configuration port sonet gt sh 4c1 status Port Carrier Section Line Path Atm 4C1 yes 0x1 0x1 0x1 Ox1 Core Switch 1 22 98 2 44 By typing the AMI command conf port sonet you can see each item that is configurable for sonet interfaces Emptycells are sent as filler for those connections requiring end to end timing synchronization They are designated unassigned CLP 0 by default or idle CLP 1 on a per port basis Per port line diag path loopbacks may be assigned to isolate problems to the network netmod port OC 12 path The mode may be set on a per port basis to sonet US or sdh synchronous digital hierarchy common in Europe Scrambling of the ATM cell payload may be enabled on a per port basis should be set to the same on each end of the network On a per port basis timing may be selected as internal default or network where the receive timing on that port is used as the transmit timing reference By typing conf port son
163. slog console disable This is sometimes handy when you are trying to configure something and are constantly being interrupted by syslog messages Copyright FORE Systems 1 27 98 Core Switch 3 21 Syslog Audit Commands myswitch configuration system syslog audit gt show ami snmp myswitch configuration system syslog audit gt show Facility Priority ami info snmp notice ilmi off myswitch configuration system syslog audit gt ami usage emerg alert crit err warning notice info debug off DEC 28 12 36 40 london AMI ami the serial port units cps Pending DEC 28 12 36 40 london AMI ami the serial port units cps Success Core Switch 1 27 98 3 22 Copyright FORE Systems The configuration system syslog audit command allows you to configure what type of actions trigger a system log entry to be generated and control the priority level assignment of those entries Three types of activities AMI SNMP and ILMI can be configured to elicit a syslog entry If configured an entry of the priority level assigned will be generated each time you issue an AMI command issue a remote AMI or Foreview command or elicit the use of ILMI Each of these three may be configured to generate entries at a selected priority level as shown above with AMI The priority is highest on the left emerg and lowest on the right off The audit show command can be used to display one or all
164. ss all network serial none myswitch configuration security login gt new sales auth local priv user access networi New local password lt new local password gt Retype new local password lt new local password gt New userid sales created with local authentication user privileges and network login access myswitch configuration security login gt password lt userid gt Old local password lt old local password gt New local password lt new local password gt Retype new local password lt new local password gt Core Switch 1 22 98 2 16 A first step in switch security can be implemented by configuring userids for anyone who will have access to each switch The userid can be up to 16 characters long and any characters are acceptable except colons and blanks Authentication may be configured in one of two ways Local authentication requires a userid and a password which is stored locally in the switch Password validation is done when opening an AMI session using the serial port or by telnet but not when using a remote switch or ForeView Local is the default authentication method SecurlD authentication requires a userid and a SecurlD passcode which is comprised of a PIN and an assigned SecurID token You are prompted to assign a password regardless of which authentication method is selected and null local passwords are accepted Passwords may be changed as shown above Privileges may be assigned as
165. subnet designated by the address field of each up interface Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 11 Setting the Switch Name myswitch configuration gt switch myswitch configuration switch gt name london_asx1000_3 london_asx1000_3 configuration switch gt sh Switch london_asx1000_3 Type asx1000tnx1100 up 2 days 19 40 Hardware version B Software version S_ForeThought_5 1 0 1 16721 Maximum Virtual Path Connections 32768 Maximum Virtual Channels 32768 SPANS address 00000038f21c184a PMP Minimum Reserved VCI 155 PMP Maximum Reserved VCI 255 Switch TimeZone N A london_asx1000_3 configuration switch gt up london_asx1000_3 configuration gt london_asx1000_3 configuration gt system london_asx1000_3 configuration system gt prompt Current prompt is london_asx1000_3 london_asx1000_3 configuration system gt prompt london3 london3 configuration system gt Core Switch 1 22 98 2 12 Setting a name on the switch can be useful when a network contains a large number of switches The default name for the switch is ATM SWITCH and if a unique name is not given it may be difficult for the user to verify that he is logged into the desired switch As shown above when a unique name is given using the configuration switch name command the name of the switch will be shown as the new switch prompt unless a different prompt name was already assigned using the configuration system prompt com
166. supports 4 virtual interfaces for Classical IP on any switch and they are defined as qaa0 3 To communicate between Logical IP Subnets LISs which interfaces may be members of you must route Notice just like LANE Classical IP is an SVC based service which utilizes ATM forum UNI signaling to NSAP ATM addresses registered over ILMI Copyright FORE Systems 1 30 98 Core Switch 5 44 Copyright FORE Systems Classical IP Switch Configuration AMI myswitch configuration atmarp gt geinsap qaa0 qaa0 NSAP address 47000580ffe1000000f21a00de0020481900de00 myswitch configuration atmarp arpserver gt set 47000580ffe1000000f21a 00de0020481900de00 qaa0 myswitch configuration atmarp arpserver gt show qaa0 Interface ARP Server Addr Enabled qaa0 0x47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21a 00de 0020481900de 00 Yes myswitch configuration ip gt address qaa0 198 29 22 1 myswitch configuration ip gt admin qaa0 up myswitch configuration ip gt show qaa0 interface state address netmask broadcast qaa0 up 198 29 22 1 255 255 255 0 N A Core Switch 1 30 98 5 45 Classical IP networks consist of an ARP server entity and clients who register with the ARP server to become members of a virtual subnet Using AMI commands on the switch you can create the ARP server and create clients As will be shown on the next slide ForeView allows only client creation To determine the NSAP address of the switch you are managing with AMI run
167. t Once the file has been viewed and copied TAC will instruct you to perform the AMI command operation panic clear to clear the panic acknowledgment flag and resume normal operation Copyright FORE Systems 1 27 98 Core Switch 3 23 Debug Commands Core Switch myswitch debug gt dump gt mode trace gt myswitch debug gt mode debug mode is set to novice myswitch debug dump gt cdb size kkkkk WARNING kkkkk Debug commands nay have negative effects on the switch software Dump commands pause the switch control software for their duration may have many pages of output and cannot be stopped mid execution Various trace commands can overload the switch with syslog messages You can turn off this warning with debug mode wizard Execute the debug command n y CDB size 7998 bytes 1 27 98 3 24 The debug commands are normally used after a problem has been encountered on a switch The mode can be set to novice or wizard and the difference is mainly in the amount of dialog presented to you when running the commands an example of the novice script is shown above In wizard mode the command would have been executed without the warning Besides mode the other two debug options are dump and trace Trace is utilized to turn on or off collection of information and dump is used to display the information collected Copyright FORE Systems 1 27 98 Core
168. t or network where the receive timing on that port is used as the transmit timing reference Scrambling of the ATM cell payload may be enabled on a per port basis should be set to the same on each end of the network Emptycells are sent as filler for those connections requiring end to end timing synchronization They are designated unassigned CLP 0 by default or idle CLP 1 on a per port basis Line length may be designated on a per port basis to adjust to the length of the cable attached to the port Lt225 if the cable is shorter than 225 ft Gt225 if the cable is longer than 225 ft Gt225 is the default Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 49 Configuring ATM DS1 Ports AMI myswitch configuration port gt ds1 emptycells length loopback mode prbs scrambling show timing myswitch configuration port ds1 gt sh Port Carrier Status Mode Framing Loopback Timing PRBS Scram Length EmptyCells 4C1 0x1 hcs ESF none internal off off Lt110 unassigned 4C2 0x1 hcs ESF none internal off off Lt110 unassigned 4C3 0x1 hcs ESF none internal off off Li110 unassigned 4C4 0x1 hcs ESF none internal off off Lt110 unassigned 4C5 0x1 hcs ESF none internal off off Lt110 unassigned 4C6 0x1 hes ESF none internal off off Li110 unassigned Core Switch 1 22 98 2 50 By typing the AMI command conf port ds1 you can see each item that is configurable for ds1 interfaces The mode may be set on a per port basis to plcp Physical La
169. t spvc gt switch gt system gt timing gt signalling gt upc gt vcc gt vpc gt vpt gt myswitch configuration gt Core Switch 1 22 98 2 7 Each of these configuration commands will open a sub menu each sub menu having commands specific to that part of the switch s overall configuration For example alarms allows you to display enable disable or reset various system alarms while ces allows you to configure circuit emulation service connections and port allows you to manage the configuration of individual ports For a complete list of details concerning all of the AMI configuration commands refer to the AMI Configuration Commands Reference Manual Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 7 sud ATM Switch IP interfaces e The switch has a number of internal IP based interfaces mainly used for ATM in band and Ethernet out of band management access e The ATM interface supports a number of virtual interfaces that are used with IP data over ATM applications e Switch Interfaces e ied Ethernet Interface asx0 ATM interface for FOREIP e qaa0 3 ATM interfaces for Classical IP up to 4 e elx ATM interfaces for LANE up to 16 lo0 Switch localhost interface e Each interface must be on a different IP subnet 1 22 98 2 8 The switch identifies each of its internal IP based network interfaces with the following notations ie0 asx0 qaa0 3 elx and lo0 Some of these interfaces are
170. tal Control Processor ECP External Synchronization Input ESI The TCM ECP ESI cards can have a redundant pair as well total of four cards in the frame The hardware includes an Intel 25 MHz i960ca processor 4 8M DRAM 2M Flash and other circuitry The Ethernet port disables the other Ethernet ports on the SCPs The DB9 serial allows access by the Environmental Management Interface EMI a superset of AMI to all four SCPs The BITS Building Integrated Timing Supply in and out RJ45 allow a tree of switches for timing Holdover netmods good fabric mediocre switch bad but with a CEC the holdover is excellent Copyright FORE Systems 1 15 98 Core Switch 1 15 mg ASK 1000 TNX 1100 and MSC 900 Power Supplies AC LEDs indicate Input VAC OK Power supply fault Out of temp range Overload condition LEDs indicate Input Voltage Current OK e 5V supply fault Input Output VDC out of range 38 70 Input current out of limits and feed wires reversed on input Core Switch 1 15 98 1 16 The ASX 1000 TNX 1100 and MSC 900 have redundant load sharing hot swappable power supplies that can be either 120 240 VAC or 48 VDC The power supplies are unique because they can supply power from either an AC or DC source to up to four switch boards As shown above the DC supplies are tall and are situated side by side The AC supplies are twice as wide and
171. te HEX gt lt LES name gt bus lt BUS Selector Byte HEX gt type ethernet token ring mtu 1516 4544 9234 18190 secure wka lt LECS ATM Address gt registertlvs enable disable anycast lt LES Anycast ATM Address gt peers lt atm addr gt myswitch configuration lane les gt peeradd lt LES index gt lt Peer ATM Address gt myswitch configuration lane les gt peerdelete lt LES index gt lt Peer ATM Address gt myswitch configuration lane les gt security lt LES index gt disable enable lt wka LECS Adar gt myswitch configuration lane les gt show lt LES index gt advanced Core Switch 1 30 98 5 26 The LES index is a unique positive integer dynamically assigned by AMI when the LES is created LES Selector Byte Enter the 20th byte in HEX of the switch s NSAP address that you want assigned to the LES service LES name Enter a name for the LES This field helps you remember which ELAN this LES services Although you can place any name here as a rule of thumb enter the ELAN name bus Enter the BUS s selector byte if you want to use a different selector byte instead of the one the LES is using mtu Enter a maximum frame size in bytes This value must be the same for all hosts or edge devices on this ELAN secure Indicates a desire to use ELAN access control LECS NSAP addresses other than the wka must be typed in fully registe
172. the ForeView NNI symbol showing up on the interconnecting ports Front Panel view If you are using an alternate path between switches is that path configured correctly and is signaling required for that path on the link for the application you are running and if so is it enabled Lastly insure that the interconnecting ports on either end of the link are configured correctly Copyright FORE Systems i 6 4 1 28 98 Core Switch Copyright FORE Systems All Switches Related to a e If the problem only seems to be related to a single end to end connection but over every switch that connection traverses look for e A good connection traversing the same switches to be used for comparison e Problems related to host IP addressing or VPI VCI addressing switch or host e Problems related to UPC AV parameters e Application related problems Core Switch 1 28 98 6 5 To troubleshoot a connection related problem where a connection cannot be made or is broken between two end points in a multi switch environment first try to find a good connection to compare against In some cases it is easiest to start at one end of a connection and verify link by link in a uni directional fashion This can be done using conf vcc sh under AMI for each link or the channel trace tool under Fore View shown on the next slide Another place to look is addressing If this is a PVC connection VPI VCI addressing may have been typed incor
173. the command conf atmarp getnsap as shown above To make the switch an ARP server run the AMI command conf atmarp arpserver set as shown above Use the show sub command to prove the ARP server is functional To create Classical IP clients on the switch use the AMI command cont ip add and conf ip admin for the qaax interface created Use the show sub command to prove the client was created successfully Use directed pings remember no broadcasting is supported to prove connectivity between clients i e switch to host Core Switch 5 45 1 30 98 Classical IP Switch Configuration foreView e Select Configure IP Interfaces to configure the switch s qaa0 3 interface addresses e No Arpserver functionality available Fale p rt Co jaar Tree Falling CAST arol Spila x ForeYiew IP Interfaces labsw3 ioj x Name State IP Address IP Mask Broadcast asx0 up 198 29 21 3 255 255 255 0 All 1s el10 down 198 29 20 3 255 255 255 0 All 1s qaa2 gqaa3 g ie up Pakal 255 255 0 0 All 1s H qaad up 199 29 23 3 255 255 255 0 All Os IP Forwarding E Enable Disable Modify Update Close Help Core Switch 1 30 98 5 46 Classical IP configuration with Fore View is limited to client creation From the Front Panel display select Configure IP Interfaces and use the IP interface screen to then configure qaa0 3 interfaces Since ARP server creati
174. the logging interval All logged items will be stored as comma delimited text files in the foreview directory under log fvlog 1 Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 59 ASX Installation Verification e Switch powers up OK LEDs display e Switch accepts serial port configuration e Switch name and IP address e AMI Fore View verifies modules ports e conf mod sh and conf port sh e AMI ForeView verifies info flow e statistics port e AMI ForeView verify OS version e conf sw sh Core Switch 1 22 98 2 60 After installing and potentially configuring any FORE ATM switch use the above steps to verify the installation The front panel LEDs or display may be used to prove that the hardware and software came up OK when power was applied Port LEDs may be used to determine polarity problems If your user interface AMI or ForeView locates the switch you can use either to verify all modules and ports You can use statistics to verify that information is flowing through a port Finally you can use AMI or ForeView to verify what OS you are running Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 60 Switch Installation amp Configuration Practice Total Time 10 minutes Completion 5 minutes Review 5 minutes It is suggested that you try to complete this exercise from memory However if you need to consult your notes or the manual feel free to do so 1 What are the default sett
175. ts ForeView Configuring SONET Port Signaling Fore View Displaying Module Information ForeView Configuring SONET Ports AMI Configuring SONET Port Media ForeView r 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Configuring Other Port Types Configuring DS3 Ports AMI Configuring ATM DS1 Ports AMI 4 Module 4 Page Configuring PVC and SPVC Network Connections 2 Creating a Through Path VPC AMI Example Creating a Through Path VPC ForeView 7 PVC Virtual Path Terminator VPT Usage Creating Terminating and Originating Paths VPTs AMI Creating a Terminating and Originating Path AMI Example 10 Continued on next page oO oO Table of Contents Module 4 Configuring PVC and SPVC Network Connections Creating a Terminating and Originating Path Fore View Automatic Virtual Path and Channel Configuration Virtual Path and Channel VPI VCI Ranges Creating PVC Virtual Channel Connections VCC AMI PVC Virtual Channel Creation AMI Example ASX 1000 PVC VCC Configuration AMI PVC Virtual Channel Creation ForeView Policing Overview Creating UPC Contracts AMI Creating UPC Contracts ForeView Applying PVC UPC Contracts AMI Applying PVC UPC Contracts ForeView SPVCs An Overview Configuring SPANS SPVCs AMI Configuring SPANS SPVCs ForeView Configuring PNNI SPVCs AMI Configuring PNNI SPVCs ForeView Showing PNNI SPVCs AMI Configuring PNNI SPVCs ForeView Module 5 Configuring SVC Net
176. tside these timezones consult the AMI Configuration Command Reference Manual for the exact POSIX standard 1003 1 1988 formula After setting the timezone you may need to adjust the date or time from Pittsburgh s to your location s Use the operation date command to adjust the actual date and time within the timezone as shown above Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 9 13 Controlling Switch Access e User ID e AMI or ASX supplied from the factory e Configurable up to 16 characters e Privileges admin or user e Authentication e Local Passwords e SecurlID Passcodes e Access Method serial telnet all none e Control Port IP Filtering e NSAP Filtering ore Switch 1 22 98 2 14 There are two User IDs supplied by FORE Systems from the factory ami and asx Unique User IDs of up to 16 characters in length may also be created Each of these User IDs may be used to login to a switch and each may be individually assigned a privilege level an authentication method filtered by way of SCP ip access filtered by way of VC NSAP address and individually assigned a unique access method There are two levels of privileges which may be assigned to a User ID admin or user Authentication may be designated for a User ID as local requiring a password or SecurID requiring a passcode IP filtering may be configured for the switch s control port such that only those IP addresses associate
177. twork requirements e Create lecs cfg file to reflect requirements e Perform switch functions e Get lecs cfg e Start LECS e Start LES BUS pairs and DLE peers as appropriate e Start any required switch LECs e Verify switch functionality e Add non switch LECs and verify functionality Core Switch 1 30 98 5 35 So far we have shown how to create an lecs cfg file transferred the lecs cfg file to the flash memory on the switch started the LECS services on the switch started LES BUS services on the switch started a LEC client instance on the switch and configured that client with an IP address to make it able to be contacted Now we will perform all of those functions using VLAN manager and ForeView Copyright FORE Systems Core Switch 5 35 1 30 98 ROJN SYSTEMS LANE Services Creation foreView VLAN Manager Core Switch 1 30 98 5 36 This section discusses LANE Services creation from a Fore View VLAN Manager perspective This section will show VLAN Manager screens from the ForeView 4 2 release although each version of VLAN Manager has offered similar ELAN functionality this is the first release to enable VLAN ELAN and Hybrid VLAN configuration capability Copyright FORE Systems Core Switch 5 36 1 30 98 VLAN Manager User Interface Domains VLANs Members Managed mj aj Machines m tet Core Switch 1 30 98 5 37 By running usr local foreview bin f
178. u can make individual choices associated with this particular signaling path Copyright FORE Systems 1 30 98 Core Switch 5 5 FORE SYSTEMS prefix gt NSAP Prefix switch Address myswitch configuration nsap gt ilmi gt e164 gt registry gt myswitch configuration nsap prefix gt new show delete myswitch configuration nsap prefix gt new lt port gt lt vpi gt lt prefix gt myswitch configuration nsap prefix gt show Port 1A1 1A2 1A3 1A4 1CTL or VPI 0 0 0 0 NSAP Prefix 0x47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21a 00de 0x47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21a 00de 0x47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21a 00de 0x47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21a 00de 0x47 0005 80 ffe100 0000 f21a 00de No user configured NSAP prefix information is available Core Switch NSAP switch prefix information is written into switch firmware at the factory If for some reason you need to create a new or different switch NSAP prefix on a port use the conf nsap prefix new AMI command shown above Since only one NSAP is allowed on each port delete the old one first before creating a new one Copyright FORE Systems 1 30 98 Core Switch 5 6 NSAP Prefix switch Address Configuration foreView X ForeView NSAP Prefixes 198 29 21 5 Of x Default NSAP Prefix 0x47 000580 ffe100 0000 f21c 03b5 Create Delete Update Help Close Port WPI NSAP Prefix m FERE Core Switch 1 30
179. very similar to the interfaces that are found in a workstation They are associated with the SCP s out of band ethernet port and in band atm virtual interfaces which are used to support FOREIP Classical IP and LANE data over ATM applications The localhost interface actually allows AMI to run on the switch in a default condition from the serial port prior to any of the other interfaces being configured Hosts with Ethernet adapters see their Ethernet interface as le0 but the switch calls its Ethernet interface ieo Hosts with ForeRunner ATM adapters see their FOREIP ATM interface as fa0 but the switch calls its FOREIP ATM interface asx0 Both hosts with ForeRunner ATM adapters and switches use the terms qaa0 3 and elx to describe their Classical IP and LANE interfaces respectively Since each type of interface represents a different form of IP communication i e different encapsulation each needs to be associated with a different IP subnet address Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 8 xua IP Address Configuration myswitch configuration gt ip myswitch configuration ip gt address admin broadcast forwarding mask mtu route gt show unconfigure myswitch configuration ip gt sh interface state address netmask broadcast lo0 up 127 0 0 1 255 0 0 0 N A ie0 down asx0 down qaa0 down qaa1 down qaa2 down Core Switch 1 22 98 2 9 By changing to the ip sub menu you may set the a
180. vlan on a Sun workstation or clicking on the FVLAN icon on a PC s ForeView Program Group you are presented with the VLAN Manager s Main Window as shown above This VLAN Manager User Interface is divided into three parts The top section shows managed domains which have already been created test in the example The middle section shows the managed VLANs pubs1 in the example and their associated members The bottom section shows managed machines diablo in the example In ELAN speak a domain everything managed by one LECS redundancy is supported The color of the domain icon indicates status as follows red all servers down yellow some servers down green all servers up blue unknown perhaps no LANE servers configured and gray edited state meaning changes have been made but not yet committed Managed VLANS can be ELANs VLANs or Hybrid VLANs The pull down menu bar at the top of the main menu includes a File menu to control domains a VLAN menu to control VLANs ELANs a Member menu to control members and a Services menu to control LANE services There is also an icon bar below the pull down menu bar which includes an icon for committing changes Commit an icon for synchronizing the stored admin domain configuration with any changes made to the network Synch an icon used to show the differences between the actual network configuration and VLAN manager s current view of the network Diff an icon used to find a
181. work Connections ATM Interface Overview ILMI NSAP Addressing Overview Signaling Configuration AMI Signaling Configuration Fore View NSAP Prefix switch Address Configuration AMI NSAP Prefix switch Address Configuration ForeView Displaying ILMI Configuration AMI Displaying ILMI Configuration Fore View LAN Data over ATM SVC Applications LANE CLIP FOREIP LANE Overview LANE Switch based Services Creation Overview LECS Configuration File Creation Sample LECS Configuration File LECS Configuration File Syntax Defining an ELAN LEC Accept and Reject Rules LECS Accept Reject Example LECS Match Ordering l h l h h Continued on next page Table of Contents Module 5 Page Configuring SVC Network Connections 21 22 23 24 25 26 Creating a LES BUS 27 Creating a LES BUS w DLE 28 LES Show Advanced 29 30 Creating the LEC 31 Displaying the LEC ARP Cache 32 LEC Default Configuration 33 IP Configuration of CreatedlECs a TANE Switch based Services Creation Review 35 TANE Services Creation Fore View VLAN Manager 36 VLAN Manager User te as 7 Creating Domains 38 Creating ELANs 39 Modifying ELANs 40 Adding ELAN Members 41 LECS Operations 42 Classical IP Overview and Configuration 43 Classical IP Overview 44 Classical IP Switch Configuration AMI 45 Classical IP Switch Configuration Fore View 46 FOREIP Overview and Configuration 47 FOREIP Overview
182. yer Convergence Protocol or hcs Header Check Sequence based framing for cell delineation The default is hcs ESF Extended Super Frame is the default framing structure Per port payload line diag loopbacks may be assigned to isolate problems to the network netmod port Pseudo Random Bit Sequence PRBS generation is available also on a per port basis On a per port basis timing may be selected as internal default or network where the receive timing on that port is used as the transmit timing reference Scrambling of the ATM cell payload may be enabled on a per port basis should be set to the same on each end of the network Line length may be designated on a per port basis to adjust to the length of the cable attached to the port Lt110 if the cable is shorter than 110ft 110 220 220 330 330 440 440 550 550 660 and Gt655 if the cable is longer than 655ft Emptycells are sent as filler for those connections requiring end to end timing synchronization They are designated unassigned CLP 0 by default or idle CLP 1 on a per port basis Copyright FORE Systems 1 22 98 Core Switch 2 50 Configuring CES DS1 Ports AMI myswitch configuration port gt cesds1 admin framing length linestatus loopback mode show myswitch configuration port cesds1i gt sh Port Framing Carrier Line Loopback Port Line Line Mode State Code State Timing Length Status 2A1 ESF yes B8ZS none internal lt 130 0x1 2A2 ESF B8ZS none intern
183. yswitch configuration vpc gt show 1a7 Input Output Port VPI Port VPI UPC Prot Name 1A1 10 1B2 20 0 pvc fore myswitch configuration vpc gt show 1a1 advanced Inport Output Port VPI Port VPI Shape ConType 1A1 10 1B2 20 tran tran pp Core Switch 1 27 98 4 6 This slide illustrates an example of the actual command string entered through AMI to create a VPC through path and then shows the normal and advanced versions of the conf voc show AMI command for a particular port The information shown in this display can be interpreted as follows Input Port VPI the actual port number this path arrives at Output Port VPI the actual port number this path leaves from UPC the UPC index contract number applied to this path Prot the protocol used to create this path PVC Name the name of this particular path that was assigned Shape Indication of whether shaping has been enabled for this path ConType Indicates the endpoint connection types for the ingress egress and path type label assigned to this path Orig originating node Term terminating node Tran Transit node pp point to point default pmp Point to multipoint mpp mutipoint to point mpmp multipoint to multipoint Core Switch 4 6 1 27 98 Creating a Through Path VPC foreView e Users can create Through Paths via the PVP tool PVPs only need port and path info since Through Paths only switch on VPIs n Primm a

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