A Wireless Gas Leakage & Level Detection with Auto
Contents
1. button The microcontroller continuously reads the voltage from the sensor and compares the reading with the calibration value It displays the change of sensor voltage _V relative to the threshold the maximum allowed change _ Vth If the reading of the sensor voltage exceeds the threshold the microcontroller activates an audiovisual alarm and sends a message to the receiver module indicating that there is change in gas concentration This is done by the ARM processor by sending out a UART encoded packet through I O port The load sensor is used for continuous monitoring of the level of the LPG to detect the weight of the cylinder at the time of dispatch and throughout the usage when the cylinder is emptied the information is displayed in the LCD display and also in the mobile 13 B Receiver module The receiver module is a mobile unit that receives state events from the gas detection and sends it to the ARM Processor 14 The receiver module is a mobile unit that could be placed in within the premises of the house so that the alarm can be detected and heard at a distance from the place of gas leakage The ARM Processor reads the data decodes it and displays it onto the output devices buzzer and LCD display and If the controller predicted that the load cell value is more than the critical limit then the information is sent to the presorted number in the processor through SMS to Home user using GSM technology 15 U User mobile Mobile C AR2. in fields of safety industry environment and emission control In developing countries besides the huge use of LPG in household activities 50 is used in industries and vehicles also use LPG As a result accidents from gas leakage increase each and every day So gas leakage and level detection is at most needed and auto renewal system reduces the burden of user s manual effort The remainder of this paper is organized as follows Section II introduces the proposed gas safety system and section II Components design Section IV discusses the proposed Auto renewal system and in Section V the Communication module and summary of the paper is presented in section VI respectively Copyright to JAREEIE DOI 10 15662 ijareeie 2015 0404181 2095 ISSN Print 2320 3765 ISSN Online 2278 8875 Pe IJAREEIE International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering An ISO 3297 2007 Certified Organization Vol 4 Issue 4 April 2015 II PROPOSED GAS SAFETY SYSTEM A wireless safety device for gas leakage detection is proposed The device is intended for use in household safety where appliances and heaters that use natural gas and liquid petroleum gas LPG may be a source of risk 1 The system also can be used for other applications in the industry or plants that depend on LPG and natural gas in their operations The proposed wireless home gas leakage system consists of three
3. M Processor The ARM processor reads the sensor voltage continuously using the 8 bit ADC If there is a normal gas concentration detected the ARM Processor displays a message onto the LCD display indicating normal conditions 16 The message also contains the percentage In this way the change of concentration can be tracked even if it was below the threshold level for the alarm In case of an elevated gas concentration levels the LCD displays a dangerous gas levels message and a buzzer goes on The microcontroller sends a message to the receiver mobile module to activate the alarms and also SMS is sent to the user 17 D Auto Renewal System This section describes the structure and functions of the new proposed Auto renewal system which provides the basic platform to simulate Gas Booking Office _ d Server The currently proposed system uses wireless technologies like GSM GPRS for transferring information 18 Copyright to IJAREEIE 10 15662 ijareeie 2015 0404002 2098 ISSN Print 2320 3765 ISSN Online 2278 8875 Ko EN op IJAREEIE H International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering An ISO 3297 2007 Certified Organization Vol 4 Issue 4 April 2015 The auto renewal system is used to automatically book the gas cylinder when the information from the load cell that the cylinder is empty is received This reduces the manual effort of the consumer to call an
4. Z ISSN Print 2320 3765 ISSN Online 2278 8875 f IJAREEIE H T Fr _ International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering An ISO 3297 2007 Certified Organization Vol 4 Issue 4 April 2015 A Wireless Gas Leakage amp Level Detection with Auto Renewal System S Sivajothi Kavitha S Senthilkumar Assistant Professor Dept of Electronics amp Instrumentation Engineering Jerusalem College of Engineering Chennai Tamil Nadu India Associate Professor Director Robotics Research Center Dept of Electronics amp Instrumentation Engineering Bharath University Chennai Tamil Nadu India Corresponding Author ABSTRACT A wireless safety device for gas leakage detection is proposed The device is intended for use in household safety where appliances and heaters that use natural gas and liquid petroleum gas LPG may be a source of risk The system also can be used for other applications in the industry or plants that depend on LPG and natural gas in their operations The proposed wireless home gas leakage system consists of three major modules the gas leakage and level detection and transmission module GSM GPRS MODEM and the receiver module GSM mobile The gas leakage detection and transmission module detects the change in concentration of LPG and natural gas and activates an audiovisual alarm when it exceeds a certain threshold Furthermore i
5. d book the cylinders and also saves time and energy and thus reduces the delivery time of the cylinders IV COMMUNICATION MODULE Low cost and effective communications with sufficient bandwidth is necessary to pass information between vehicles and the controllers in order to perform effective process Various communication protocols achieve reliable two way communication networks such as ZigBee Bluetooth but sending information through mobile phone or GSM GPRS modem is used This is used to send SMS messages to the authorized user A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network A wireless modem behaves like a dial up modem it sends and receives data through radio waves Like a GSM mobile phone a GSM modem requires a SIM card from a wireless carrier to operate A GSM modem can be an external device or a PC Card Typically an external GSM modem is connected to a computer through a serial cable or a USB cable V CONCLUSION This paper presents a prototype for wireless gas leakage and level detection systems that can be used mainly in household safety and many other applications in the industry and environment For example it can be used in facilities where gas cylinders are stored Any leakage can be recognized through the detection module and intimated to the user immediately through the SMS The use of a sensor that is sensitive to small changes of concentration provides an excellent tool to detect a gas leak as it can det
6. drogen gas leakage into the stator coil water cooling system of a hydrogen cooled electric generator United states patent no 4 766 557 1988 7 Madhubala V Subhashree A R Shanthi B Serum carbohydrate deficient transferrin as a sensitive marker in diagnosing alcohol abuse A case Control study Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research ISSN 0973 709X 7 2 2013 pp 197 200 8 T Iseki H Tai and K Kimura A portable remote methane sensor using a tunable diode laser Meas Sci Technol Vol 11 pp 594 602 2000 9 W Chung and D Lee Real time muti channel gas leak monitoring system using CPLD chip Sensors and Actuators B Vol 77 pp 186 189 2001 10 V Diduck Integrated local or remote control liquid gas leak detection and shut off system United States patent No 6025788 2000 11 Khanaa V Thooyamani K P Saravanan T Simulation of an all optical full adder using optical switch Indian Journal of Science and Technology ISSN 0974 6846 6 S6 2013 pp 4733 4736 12 H Endres W Gottler R Hartinger S Drost W Hellmich G M ller Ch Bosch V Braunmiih A Krenkow C Perego and G Sberveglieri A thin film SnO2 sensor system for simultaneous detection of CO and NO2 with neural signal evaluation Sensors and Actuators B Chemical Vol 36 pp 353 357 1996 13 U Hoefer H Bottnera A Felske G Kiihner K Steiner G Sulz Thin film SnO2 sensor arrays controlled by variation of contact po
7. ect small concentrations down to 100 ppm The sensor used in the system may be affected by the surrounding temperature and humidity therefore calibrating the system must be done to avoid any false alarms The algorithm used in the microcontroller system depends on detecting the change of gas concentration levels and therefore the output voltage of the sensor This gives the system the advantage of detecting leaks of the gases that the sensor detects The level detection of the cylinders helps the user in identifying the status of the usage of cylinders and the auto renewal system helps in saving time and effort of the user REFERENCES 1 Mandelis and C Christofides Physics Chemistry and technology of solid state gas sensor devices Wiley 1999 2 J Jaber M Mohsen and B Akash Energy analysis of Jordan s commercial sector Energy Policy Vol 31 9 pp 887 894 2003 3 Krishnamoorthy P Jayalakshmi T Preparation characterization and synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using phyllanthusniruri for the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic effects Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research ISSN 0975 7384 4 11 2012 pp 4783 4794 4 Department of civil defense statistics book 2007 5 D S Lee D D Lee S W Ban M Lee and Y T Kim SnO2 gas sensing array for combustible and explosive gas leakage recognition IEEE Sensors J Vol 2 pp 140 149 2002 6 M Twerdochlib Oviedo FL Apparatus for monitoring hy
8. edita Human Brain Mapping based on COLD Signal Hemodynamic Response and Electrical NeuroimagingarXiv preprint arXiv 1307 4171 2013 Daimiwal Nivedita Sundhararajan M Shriram Revati Respiratory rate heart rate and continuous measurement of BP using PPGIEEE Communications and Signal Processing ICCSP 2014 International Conference on PP 999 1002 2014 21 Shriram Revati Sundhararajan M Daimiwal Nivedita Effect of change in intensity of infrared LED on a photoplethysmogramIEEE Communications and Signal Processing ICCSP 2014 International Conference on PP 1064 1067 2014 22 Daimiwal Nivedita Sundhararajan M Shriram Revati Comparative analysis of LDR and OPT 101 detectors in reflectance type PPG sensorIEEE Communications and Signal Processing ICCSP 2014 International Conference on PP 1078 1081 2014 23 Shriram Revati Sundhararajan M Daimiwal Nivedita EEG Based Cognitive Workload Assessment for Maximum Efficiency 24 Daimiwal Nivedita Sundhararajan M Shriram Revati Non Invasive FNIR and FMRI system for Brain Mapping Copyright to IJAREEIE 10 15662 ijareeie 2015 0404002 2100
9. major modules the gas leakage detection and transmission module GSM GPRS MODEM and the receiver module GSM mobile 2 The gas leakage detection and transmission module detects the change in concentration of LPG and natural gas and activates an audiovisual alarm when it exceeds a certain threshold Furthermore it sends another alarm message to the mobile through serial communication using GPS GPRS technologies 3 Also continuous monitoring of the level of the LPG to detect the weight of the cylinder at the time of dispatch and throughout the usage is performed 4 Auto renewal system is alerted when the cylinder is going to be emptied and auto booking is done with the gas station also giving the information to the consumer The schematic diagram of the proposed system is shown below 5 SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION Management Console Level Detector amp Sensor Gas Booking Station MI COMPONENT DESIGN The proposed wireless home gas leakage system consists of three major modules the gas leakage detection and transmission module GSM GPRS MODEM and the receiver module GSM mobile 6 The detection and transmitting module detects the changes in the gas concentration using a special sensing circuit built for this purpose This module checks if a change in concentration of gas has exceeded a certain pre determined threshold If the sensor detects a change in gas concentration it activates and audiovisual alarm and sends a sig
10. nal to the receiver module 7 The receiver module acts as a mobile alarm device to allow the mobility within the house premises The receiver module is a mobile unit that could be placed anywhere within the premises of the house so that the alarm can be detected and heard at a distance from the place of gas leakage 8 The system was tested using LPG and the alarm was activated as a result of change in concentration The block diagram of the gas leak and level detection system is shown below Copyright to IJAREEIE 10 15662 jareeie 2015 0404002 2096 ISSN Print 2320 3765 ISSN Online 2278 8875 International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering An ISO 3297 2007 Certified Organization Vol 4 Issue 4 April 2015 Power supply Load Amplifier cell LPG Gas Sensor Fig 1 Block Diagram of Gas leak and level detection system A Gas leakage and Level detection module The main functions of this module are to detect changes in gas concentration activate an audiovisual alarm and transmit a signal to the receiver unit It consists of a gas detection sensor a sensing circuit a microcontroller and an GSM GPRS Modem 9 The gas detection is done using a solid state gas sensor Model MQ 5 that is sensitive to LPG natural gas or methane and other gases such as CO and H2 but not sensitive to air therefore the reading is not affected by the presence of air 10 The se
11. nsing part is made from Tin Dioxide SnO2 layer which is a resistive element with a resistance Rs that changes with the change of concentration of gases like LPG CH4 CO and alcohol The sensor can detect small concentrations of the above mentioned gases as small as 0 1 mg L 11 which makes it suitable for gas leak detection Rs Ro 10 10 10 Conc ppm Figure 2 shows the sensitivity characteristics of the MQ 5 sensor normalized to the sensor resistance Ro at 1000 ppm of H2 in air The driving circuit of the gas sensor requires a DC power supply of 5 Volts and a load R The output voltage Vo from the sensing circuit is given by Vo R R Ryi Vc Copyright to IJAREEIE 10 15662 ijareeie 2015 0404002 2097 ISSN Print 2320 3765 ISSN Online 2278 8875 f WAREEIE H TE ai International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering An ISO 3297 2007 Certified Organization Vol 4 Issue 4 April 2015 and is fed into a ARM processor where it is digitized using an 8 bit analogue to digital converter ADC The microcontroller reads the voltage from the sensor and uses it to calculate change in concentration Under normal conditions the microcontroller starts with a calibration stage where it reads the sensor voltage under normal conditions and considers it as the zero value 12 Also the calibration of the system can be done by pressing a calibrate
12. t sends another alarm message to the mobile Continuous monitoring of the level of the LPG is done to detect the weight of the cylinder at the time of dispatch and throughout the usage Auto renewal system is alerted when the cylinder is going to be emptied and auto booking is done with the gas station also giving the information to the consumer KEYWORDS Gas Leakage level detection Gas sensor Embedded system ARM Controller I INTRODUCTION Household safety is becoming an issue due to the increase use of LPG and natural gas for heating and home appliances Petroleum gases LPG and natural gas consists mainly of methane are used to meet the increasing demand for energy and to replace oil or coal due to their environmental disadvantages LPG and natural gas burn cleanly and are less harmful to the environment They have been widely used in industry heating home appliances and motor fuel Although LPG and natural gas are environmental friendly they can pose a serious threat if they leak They are normally stored in pressurized steel cylinders in liquid form and vaporize at normal temperatures LPG is heavier than air therefore it flows along the floor and settle in low points which makes it difficult to disperse If leak happens LPG and natural gas boil into air and replace oxygen which can cause suffocation Moreover ignition may happen and cause an explosion Therefore the detection of gases has gain more interest in recent years especially
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