Firesting O2 - Pyro Science
Contents
1. 163 1 13 6 Explanation of the Sensor Code The oxygen sensors are delivered with an attached sensor code which can be entered in the basic settings refer to chapter 6 2 1 The following figure gives a short explanation about the information given in the sensor code Sensor Type LED Intensit Amplification Fa microsensor A 10 1 1x Y minisensor B 15 2 Ax A miniprobe C 20 3 20x WwW sensor spot D 30 4 40x etc E 40 5 80x F 60 6 200x G UK D 400x H 100 8 800x wn AER factory calibration factory calibration at 0 air sat at 100 air sat dphi0 x 10 dphit00 x 10 The shown example code refers to a full range oxygen microsensor measured at 10 LED intensity at 60x amplification The factory calibration is given as dphi0 53 2 and dphi100 20 4 the factory calibration is not given for trace oxygen sensors 662. and or decrease Amplification in the Advanced settings and or decrease LED Intensity in the Advanced settings Low Signal Sensor signal is too low check whether the sensor cable is connected increase Amplification in the Advanced settings and or increase LED Intensity in the Advanced settings replace sensor the tip might be broken bleached Bad Reference Internal problem of the electronics contact PyroScience 58 13 2 Measuring Principle The new REDFLASH technology is based on the unique oxygen sensitive REDFLASH indicator showing excellent brightness The measuring principle is based on the quenching of the REDFLASH indicator luminescence caused by collision between oxygen molecules and the REDFLASH indicator immobilized on the sensor tip or surface The REDFLASH indicators are excitable with red light more precisely orange red at a wavelength of 610 630 nm and show an oxygen dependent luminescence in the near infrared NIR 760 790 nm A red light excitation REDFLASH sensor NIR emission B red light ind excitation O esch sensor S EA ten emission Principle red light excited REDFLASH indicators show luminescence in the near infrared NIR which decreases with increasing oxygen quenching effect A high NIR emission at low oxygen and B low NIR at high oxygen The REDFLASH technology impresses by its high precision high reliability low power consump
3. the liquid content of the cuvette A Basic Spot Adapter item no SPADBAS has to be fixed glued to the outside of the cuvette at the spot position The spot adapter is then connected with the Spot Fiber item no SPFIB to a channel of the FireSting O2 5 5 Flow Through Cells The flow through cell has an integrated oxygen sensor spot allowing online monitoring of the oxygen concentration in a gas or 15 liquid sample pumped through the cell The flow through cell can be directly connected with the Spot Fiber item no SPFIB to the FireSting O2 The tubing has an outer inner diameter of ca 2 1 5 mm 5 6 Robust Miniprobe The sensor tips of the robust oxygen miniprobes consist of a Stainless steel tubing 3 mm in diameter and 3 or 10 cm in length item no OXROB3 OXROBi10 It can be used for long term measurements in gases and liquids The whole sensor including its cabling is completely submersible in water and specified for longtime submersion in liquid media In contrast to the needle type sensors the sensitive sensor tip of the miniprobe is protected by the steel tubing and is more robust for standard laboratory applications Due to the significantly bigger dimensions of this miniprobe compared to our micro and minisensors diffusion limitation in liquid samples of oxygen towards the 3 mm tip has a measurable effect on the response time For optimum operation conditions it is therefore recommended to utilize
4. FireStingO2 is a multipurpose oxygen meter that is compatible with all available oxygen sensors from PyroScience needle type bare fiber and contactless sensors miniprobes Most sensors are available for the full range 0 100 O2 and for the trace range 0 21 O2 The optical detection technology is based on the unique oxygen sensitive REDFLASH indicators which use red light excitation and lifetime detection in the near infrared see Appendix 13 2 for more details The oxygen sensitive REDFLASH indicators show excellent brightness and their red light excitation significantly reduces stress in biological systems and interferences caused by autofluorescence The FireSting O2 is a high precision compact PC based fiber optic oxygen meter with 1 2 or 4 channels for measurements in the laboratory Additionally one temperature sensor can be connected allowing for automatic temperature compensation of the oxygen measurement The FireSting O2 is operated via an USB connection to a PC with a Windows operation system The included logging software FireSting Logger provides comfortable calibration and logging functionality The FireSting O2 can be used in various environments but is designed as a laboratory instrument If used in the field please protect the FireSting O2 from heating moisture and corrosion The FireSting O2 comes with 1 2 or 4 channels connectors S1 to S4 on the right side panel for up to 4 fiber optic oxygen sensors and one
5. THEO STANDARD EE 44 8 2 1 Water Flushed with Nitrogen Ggs 44 8 2 2 Water Mixed with a Strong Reductont 45 8 23 NOJN GOS ain faeces hee E E 45 9 CALIBRATION OF CONTACTLESS SENSORS ccsceeceeeeeeees 46 9 1 EIERE REENEN ee 46 9 2 BACKGROUND COMPENSATION ssssnnnsesennnneserrrressrrrrrnsrnrrresenne 46 10 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT wisssvccsssccsccscccciastcsncinsciessiescnen 49 10 1 AVAILABLE TEMPERATURE SENSORG ccccccsssseeeceeesseeeecseeseeess 49 10 2 AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION 49 11 SPECIFICATIONS OF THE FIRESTING Oz 51 12 SENSOR SPECIFICATIONS et 52 12 1 leie 52 12 2 AVAILABLE SENSOR DIMENSIONS s0eccceeeseeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeaaaeeeess 53 12 3 POSSIBLE CALIBRATION MODES ENNEN EEN 53 12 4 DETECTION LIMIT AND RESOLUTION ccccccssseeeeceeesseeeecseesseees 54 125 ACCURA C Varsha EE 55 126 RESPONSE HE 56 12 7 LONG TERM BIG 57 12 8 TYPICAL VALUES FOR ADVANCED SETTINGS 0cccceeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeees 57 aa APPENDIX ccor a ee eae eee eee 58 131 REESEN 58 13 2 MEASURING PRINCIPLE ee ee 59 13 3 OPERATING SEVERAL FIRESTING O2 IN PARALLEL ssnnnnnnennnneneeaenne 61 13 4 DEFINITION OF OXYGEN Uwe ENEE EN 62 13 5 TABLE OF OXYGEN SOLUBILITY NENNEN 64 13 6 EXPLANATION OF THE SENSOR CODE 66 1 Overview The compact PC based fiber optic oxygen meter FireSting O2 with 1 2 or 4 channels unifies several innovative technological improvements making it the new standard
6. The actual sample interval is shown in the display actual The acquired data can be smoothed by a Data Smoothing range 1 10 default 3 a value of 1 means no data smoothing For continuous or duration measurements with a sample interval lt 10 S data smoothing is done by a simple running average e g with Data Smoothing s5 always the last 5 sampled data points are averaged However for single data point measurements and for continuous or duration measurements with sample intervals gt 10s the data smoothing is done by averaging repetitive measurements e g with Data Smoothing 3 for each data point 3 oxygen measurements are performed as fast as possible sequentially and the average of these 3 measurements is displayed as the new data point To activate data saving click on the red start button SB of Log to File Select a file name in the appearing file dialog The saved data files are simple text files with the file extension txt which can be easily imported into common spreadsheet programs E E E E Save Load Flash Raw Clear Warning The data are currently Setup Setup Logo Data Charts not saved into a data file Thereafter the indicators Comment and File Path are additionally shown in the main window In the field Comment the 23 measurements can be commented and this comment is then saved together with the next data point into the data file During data logging the data file can be displayed and opened by
7. Three main modes of calibration can be chosen 1 Point Calibration taking the o value from the sensor code and the 100 value from a manual calibration 2 Point Calibration taking the o and the 100 value from a manual calibration Factory Calibration for a quick rough calibration taking the o0 and the 100 values from the sensor code During the calibration of a sensor connected to a specific channel the Sample Interval is automatically set to 0 25 s and the Data Smoothing to 10 Furthermore all other oxygen sensor channels 35 are temporarily de activated This allows a fast determination of a precise mean value during the sensor calibration After finalization of the calibration the program returns automatically to all former settings NOTE The correct sensor code must have been entered before in the Settings see chapter 6 2 If Advanced sensor settings were chosen in the Settings the dialog window Calibration Mode enables only a 2 Point Calibration or Advanced Calibration 7 4 Factory Calibration NOTE Factory Calibration only for rough measurements and testing purposes is only possible if Basic is chosen in the Settings and the correct Sensor Code has been entered in the Settings see chapter 6 2 If Factory Calibration is chosen the dialog window Calibration Mode closes and a new dialog window opens to ensure that the correct sensor code has been entered in the Settings After cli
8. can be connected to the PC in parallel and multiple measurements can be performed by opening the FireSting Logger 24 software a number of times corresponding to the number of connected FireStingOz The different windows operate completely independent of each other and are assigned to exactly one FireSting O2 This allows measurements in different setups at the same time The flashing of the logo for ca 1 sec after pressing the button can help to assign a specific logger window to the corresponding FireSting O2 meter more details see chapter 13 3 Clicking on Raw Data opens a pop up window FireSting Raw Data which is described in chapter6 5 Clicking on Clear Charts will clear the charts in all panels This will not affect the saved data in the data file 6 2 Settings In the settings the user has to define for each channel 1 the measuring parameters and 2 also the environmental conditions of the sample under investigation To open the dialog window FireSting Settings click on Settings in the Main Window Each oxygen channel of the FireSting O2 has its own tab in the settings window By clicking on Copy these Settings all settings adjusted in the active channel tab can be pasted to all other channels The channels can be activated independently by clicking on the button Active Activation is indicated by changing from dark to light green of the arrow in the button A text for describing the channel s application during
9. clicking on the button Show File The data saving is indicated by the light green arrow in the grey Log to File button and be can be stopped by clicking this button again Comment Log to File Stop Log to Fie for LJ LI LI LJ LJ LJ P A adjusting settings Save Load Flash Raw Clear Show File d C tempitest txt e Setup Setup Logo Data Charts File Path The button Save Setup can be used to the save the current settings and calibration data They can be reloaded anytime by pressing the button Load Setup This allows e g to switch between different laboratory setups with a single FireSting O2 This function might be also useful if different computers are used for the calibration and for the actual measurements You might calibrate the sensors with the first computer save the configuration with Save Setup By transferring this file and also the oxygen meter Firesting O2 to asecond computer you can load there again this configuration with Load Setup giving you calibrated sensors immediately ready for the measurement Note that all current settings and calibration data are automatically saved when closing the FireSting Logger software by clicking on the cross in the upper right corner of the main window after finalization of the measurements and they are automatically loaded again at the next startup The button Flash Logo induces a flashing of the logo FireSting O2 on the corresponding FireSting O2 meter Several FireSting O2 meters
10. connector T for a temperature sensor The USB connector on the left side panel provides the energy supply and the data exchange with the PC 4 Software Installation System requirements PC with Windows XP Vista 7 but not Windows 7 Starter Edition and min 200 MB free disk space Installation steps e download the installer package for the newest version of the FireStingLogger software from the PyroScience homepage www pyro science com downloads html e unzip and start the installer and follow the instructions e connect the FireStingO2 with the USB cable to the computer The red logo will flash shortly indicating the correct startup of the oxygen meter After the successful installation a new program group Pyro FireSting O2 is added to the start menu and a short cut named FireSting can be found on the desktop 5 Oxygen Sensor Types 5 1 Needle Type Sensors The needle type oxygen sensors are composed of a fiber optical cable C 2 5 m standard length with a plug P for connection to the FireSting O2 meter a metal housing H fixed or retractable and a syringe needle N 40 mm standard length including the fiber with a fragile sensing tip On each sensor a specific Sensor Code SC is attached to the cable At the tip of the sensors T the oxygen sensitive REDFLASH indicator is immobilized in a raisin The needle type oxygen sensors are offered with different tip diameters including micros
11. of high precision oxygen sensing with fiber optical oxygen sensors optodes The FireSting O2 utilizes a new unique measuring principle based on red light excitation and lifetime detection in the near infrared using novel luminescent oxygen indicators REDFLASH technology see Appendix 13 2 for more details It is a multipurpose oxygen meter e working with oxygen needle type retractable fixed bare fiber and contactless sensors sensor spots sensor cuvettes and flow through cells as well as robust miniprobes and e working with full range and trace oxygen sensors Along with the FireSting O2 we offer a variety of fiber optical oxygen sensors differing in tip diameter tip geometry and measuring concentration range which can be adjusted at your needs Furthermore we also offer turnkey motorized microprofiling setups enabling the measurement of depth profiles of oxygen concentration in environmental samples at high temporal and spatial resolution The FireSting O2 enables a diverse range of applications for measuring oxygen at different concentration ranges sample types and spatial scales This multipurpose oxygen meter allows measurements with microsensors in small samples and detection of depth resolved oxygen microgradients in semi solid samples like sediments biofilms or tissue With the same oxygen meter it is also possible to monitor oxygen concentrations in air or aquatic environments using minisensors robust miniprobes or s
12. these miniprobes in permanently stirred liquids this diffusion limitation is neglectable in gaseous samples 5 7 Connecting the Sensors The fiber optic oxygen sensors including needle type and bare fiber micro and minisensors miniprobes as well as spot fibers 16 needed for contactless sensors spots cuvettes flow through cells are connected to the ST connectors of the FireSting O2 S1 to S4 with a male fiber plug First remove the protective caps from both the plug of the sensor see picture and the receptacles at the FireSting O2 Then insert the male fiber plug M of the sensor cable into the ST receptacle female fiber connector of the FireSting O2 and turn the bayonet coupling gently clockwise until the plug is locked firmly Note Detailed sensor specifications are listed in chapter 12 17 6 The Software FireSting Logger This chapter describes all functions of the FireSting Logger software excluding the calibration Please refer to the chapters 7 8 and 9 for a detailed description of the calibration procedure 6 1 Main Window After start of the software FireSting Logger the following main window is shown CP Firesting Logger Firesting Logger vo 12by ee Ma WWW pyro soence com Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel3 Channel 4 Temperature Overview Eare 2 12 PY Signal Intensity BT 415 3 Calbration Status Temperature fi ed Calibrate l l 8 Oxygen 78 58 raw value S
13. 0 95 vol e ambient air with known humidity e air saturated water 100 air saturation 8 1 1 Water Vapor Saturated Air Enclose wet cotton wool in a flask e g DURAN flask with a lid prepared with holes for the oxygen sensor and a temperature sensor Select in the Calibration Conditions Gas Phase and enter 100 for the Humidity Adjust also the temperature Temp C at 100 a s and the Atmospheric Pressure of your calibration standard Insert the oxygen sensors into the flask let it equilibrate for about 15 min and perform the calibration as described in chapter 7 8 1 2 Ambient Air If the normal ambient air should be used as the 100 a s standard it is important to measure the humidity with a hygrometer Select in the Calibration Conditions Gas Phase and enter the measured Humidity Adjust also the temperature Temp C at 100 a s and the Atmospheric Pressure of your calibration standard Expose the oxygen sensors to the air and perform the calibration as described in chapter 7 43 8 1 3 Air Saturated Water Fill water into a flask and stream for 10 min air through it with an air stone connected to an air pump available as commercial equipment for fish aquaria Alternatively if no air pump is available fill water into a flask leaving about 50 air in the head space and shake it strongly for about 3 min Select in the Calibration Conditions Water and adjust also the temperature Temp
14. 00 calibration standard used select Water or Gas Phase see chapter 8 In the latter case the of Humidity of the gas phase e g air needs to be determined with a hygrometer and entered If the current Humidity cannot be determined a 37 medium value of 50 is a good estimate under normal conditions around 20 C an incorrectly entered humidity will cause a max calibration error of ca 1 deviation After insertion of the sensor into the 100 calibration 100 set standard and after reaching QO stable readings observe the chart in the main window click on Set 100 value for a manual 1 Point Calibration The actual sensor reading shown in the main window is then taken as 100 calibration value and the green indicator 100 set lights up A re calibration is possible at any time simply by clicking on Set 100 value again Finalize the calibration of the m Calibration Status sensor by clicking on OK Pont Calibrate closing the calibration window and returning to the main window where now the Calibration Status shows 1 Point 7 3 The 2 Point Calibration If in the window Calibration Mode the 2 Point Calibration is selected the dialog window 2 Point Calibration for the corresponding channel opens to enter the Calibration Conditions and to determine the calibration points at 100 and o air saturation Set 100 value and Set 0 value The preparation of appropriate 0 and 100 calibration standards is explained i
15. 11 Specifications of the FireSting O2 Dimensions Ivan Supported operating systems Windows 2000 XP VISTA 7 but not Windows 7 Starter Edition Max relative humidity Non condensing conditions lifetime detection of REDFLASH indicator luminescence fiber optic ST plug Temp measuring principle Max sample rate 20 samples per second with enabled high speed sampling in contact us for details Settings gt Options Extension port UART interface contact us for details 51 12 Sensor Specifications 12 1 Measuring Range All full range oxygen sensors show an optimal and a maximal possible range of measurements in the gas phase and in water dissolved oxygen Full Range Sensors 0 250 air saturation Trace Sensors 0 50 air saturation 52 12 2 Available Sensor Dimensions The following standard sensor dimensions are available Type of Sensor Tip or Spot Diameter Microsensor 40 60 um retractable Minisensor 230 um 430 um retractable 0 5 mm 1 1 mm fixed Sensor Spot 5mm 8mm Please refer to the homepage www pyro science com whether in the meantime additional standard sensor types are available Other sizes on request 12 3 Possible Calibration Modes Full Range Sensors Full Range Sensors Sensors Type of Sensor Micro Mini Mini Sensor Calibration Mode sensor sensor probe Spots Rough factory calibration sensor code yes attached to the sensor 1 point ca
16. 2 concentration C pmol L Definition C umol L A a s 100 x C T P S Used in water phase with C T P S interpolation formula for dissolved oxygen concentration in units of wumol L at temperature T atmospheric pressure P and Salinity S see chapter 13 5 Dissolved O2 concentration C mg L ppm Definition C mg L C umol L x 32 1000 Used in water phase Dissolved O2 concentration C mL L Definition C mL L C umol L x 0 02241 Used in water phase 63 13 5 Table of Oxygen Solubility The following Table shows the equilibrium oxygen concentration Cioo T P 1013mbar S in units of umol L at standard atmospheric pressure of 1013 mbar as a function of water temperature in units of C and salinity in units of PSU practical salinity unit g L In order to correct these values for the actual atmopsheric pressure Patm the following formula has to be applied Cio0 T P S Cio0 T P 1013mbar S X Pam 1013mMbar References Garcia HE and Gordon LI 1992 Oxygen solubility in seawater Better fitting equations Limnol Oceanogr 37 1307 1312 Millero FJ and Poisson A 1981 International one atmosphere equation of state of seawater Deep Sea Res 28A 625 629 64 Sal PSU Temp C 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 200 4 198 3 196 3 194 3 192 3 190 3 188 4 186 5 184 6 182 7 180 8 179 0 177 1 175 3 173 5 171 7 170 0 168 2 166 5 164 8
17. C at 100 a s and the Atmospheric Pressure of your calibration standard Insert the sensor into the water and perform the calibration as described in chapter 7 8 2 The o Standard The o calibration standard can be e water flushed with nitrogen gas N2 e water mixed with a strong reductant e nitrogen gas N2 8 2 1 Water Flushed with Nitrogen Gas Stream nitrogen gas for about 10 min through water enclosed in a glass flask e g Duran flask with a lid prepared with holes for inserting the oxygen sensor and a temperature sensor You might speed up this process by first boiling the water and thereby removing all dissolved gases and then stream the nitrogen gas during cooling through it Adjust in the Calibration Conditions the temperature of the calibration standard Temp C at o a s and the current Atmospheric Pressure Insert the oxygen sensor into the flask and perform the calibration as described in chapter 7 44 8 2 2 Water Mixed with a Strong Reductant Add a strong reductant like sodium dithionite Na S 0 or sodium sulfite Na SO at a concentration of 30 g L in water enclosed in a flask creating oxygen free water by chemical reaction It is not recommended to use saline water e g sea water for this because the high salinity of the water might prevent a proper dissolution of the reductant Stir the solution until the salt is completely dissolved and let the solution stand for about 3 minutes Adjust i
18. Sensor Spots PyroScience offers a infrared detector range of contactless oxygen sensors comprising sensor red light infrared emission spots sensor cuvettes 77 and flow through opnearnwer cells The sensor spots are coated with the red excitation novel REDFLASH indicator with PET a foil or glass as carrier sensor spot with material The sensor REDFLASH dye spots allow oxygen measurements in closed vessels in combination with the FireSting O2 They have standard diameters of 5 mm or 8 mm and can also be obtained with an optical isolation black coating The sensor spots have a rough sensing surface SF which is whitish green and facing towards the paper side of the packaging The backside BS is smooth shiny BS SF and dark green The sensor spots can be glued with their backside on transparent clean and dry inner container walls plastic or glass wall thickness o 6 mm using an appropriate adhesive e g transparent silicone based on acetic acid item no SPGLUE After the glue has dried 13 the gas or liquid sample has to be filled into the container so that the whitish green sensing surface of the spot is completely covered and in contact with the sample For containers with wall thicknesses of o 2 mm the Basic Spot Adapter a 10x10x10 mm plastic cube item no SPADBAS needs to be fixed tightly or glued to the outer container wall at the spot position Then the sensor signal ca
19. Stings can be easily operated at a single PC as described in the following Connect each FireSting to a free USB port of your PC If the PC does not provide a sufficient number of USB ports you can use an external USB hub Ensure that the USB hub provides sufficient power each FireSting needs max 70 mA an external power supply for the USB hub might be advisable The FireSting Logger software has now to be started separately for each connected FireSting So if you want to operate e g 6 different FireStings you have to start the FireSting Logger software 6 times which will open 6 FireSting Logger windows on your desktop The different windows operate completely independent from each other and are associated to exactly one of the FireStings In order to check which window is associated to a specific FireSting simply press the Flash Logo button in the main window of the FireSting Logger software which induces a flashing of the red FireSting logo on the associated device for about 1 sec When closing the FireSting Logger software all settings and all current calibration data are saved in a setup file which is automatically loaded at the next startup This setup file is saved specifically for each FireSting serial number i e each FireSting in the above described setup keeps its own settings and calibration data 61 13 4 Definition of Oxygen Units phase shift dphi The phase shift dphi is the fundamental unit measured by the op
20. ase in water Response Time t90 with optical isolation Microsensor Minisensor Miniprobe Sensor Spots Flow touch cells lt 3 Sec lt 3 Sec lt 3 Sec lt 3 Sec standard standard standard standard lt 1 Sec lt 1 Sec lt 0 5 Sec high speed __ high speed high speed lt 4 Sec lt 15 sec lt 20 Sec lt 20 Sec standard standard standard standard lt 1 Sec lt 7 sec lt 5 Sec high speed high speed high speed 56 Gas phase in water 12 7 Long term Drift Optical oxygen sensors show a slight long term drift due to photobleaching The drift is proportional to the number of sampled data points i e decreasing the sample rate will decrease the drift and it is dependent on the chosen Measuring Mode in the settings see chapter 6 2 1 Typical absolute drift for full range sensors after 100 000 data points in aerated solution Measuring Micro Mini Mini Sensor Mode sensor sensor probe Spots 12 8 Typical Values for Advanced Settings Full Range Sensors Type of Sensor Typeofsensor Seins peee mre pass men 208 2086 soot moian _ wm wn soon zogen __ eoms pm soms Refer to chapter 6 2 2 for more details 5 13 Appendix 13 1 Troubleshooting How to respond to the warnings shown in the FireSting Logger Signal Too High Too much ambient light exposed to the sensor or amplification is too high or LED intensity is too high darken the surrounding
21. calibration of the temperature sensor default o 6 2 5 Optional Settings The panel Options is only for advanced users Here the USB communication speed can be adjusted e g for improving the maximum sampling rate default 19200 Activation of the button Enable High Speed Sampling will enable the adjustment of a Sample Interval lt o 25 s in the main window Clicking on the Flash button of Flash Settings and Calibration will save the current Settings and Calibration data into the flash memory of the FireSting O2 This is only relevant for OEM modules or third party software n O Firesting Settings Copy these Settings l KE e mme Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel3 Channel4 Temperature Options Only for advanced users USB communication speed Enable High Speed Sampling 19200 Defaut 19200 e Flash Settings and Calibration 31 6 3 Temperature Panel In the Temperature panel of the Main Window the measured temperature of the connected and activated temperature sensor can be displayed The temperature unit can be chosen in the Settings in degree Celsius C default setting degree Fahrenheit F or Kelvin K NaN denotes Not a Number when no temperature sensor is connected or the sensor was not activated in the Settings f rd O Firesting Logger S Firesting Logger vos dmzbe Ma i gt WWW DT SCHEIER puro Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel3 C
22. cking on OK and thereby returning to the main window of the corresponding channel the Calibration status Calibration Status displays Factory Factory 7 2 The 1 Point Calibration NOTE The 1 Point Calibration is only possible if Basic is chosen in the Settings and the correct Sensor Code has been entered in the Settings see chapter 6 2 If a Point Calibration is selected the dialog window 1 Point Calibration for the corresponding channel opens to enter the Calibration Conditions and to determine the calibration point at 100 air saturation Set 100 value The preparation of appropriate 100 calibration standards is described in chapter 8 36 In the Calibration Conditions the Temperature of the 100 calibration standard has to be adjusted Ch 1 Point Calibration Also the actual Atmospheric Pressure determined with a barometer during the calibration must be entered Normal conditions refer to 1013 hPa mbar default setting If the actual atmospheric pressure cannot be determined on site it is alternatively possible to enter the actual Elevation in meters m above sea level For this click on Elevation and enter the actual elevation Please note that this option takes only the elevation dependent pressure change into account but not the variations due to the actual weather conditions Therefore determining the actual atmospheric pressure with a barometer gives more precise results Depending on the 1
23. d if the temperature will be determined by the Salinity g l Hoo Temperature Sensor connected to the FireSting O2 or if measurements are performed under a Constant Temperature see also chapter 10 If Temperature Sensor is selected automatic temperature compensation of the respective oxygen sensor readings is activated see chapter 10 2 Please note that if Temperature Sensor is chosen in one of the 4 oxygen Channel panels of FireSting Settings the temperature sensor connected to the FireSting O2 is automatically activated in the Temperature Panel see chapter 6 2 4 If Fixed Temperature is chosen the temperature of the environmental sample has to be determined with an external 29 thermometer or with a temperature sensor from PyroScience connected to the FireSting O2 and has to be adjusted manually The Atmospheric Pressure mbar should be determined with a barometer and changed in the software under conditions of increased decreased pressures e g if measurements are performed in locations above or below sea level Normal conditions refer to 1013 mbar default setting If the actual atmospheric pressure cannot be determined on site it is also possible to enter the Elevation in meters m above sea level For this click on Elevation and enter the actual elevation This procedure will only calculate the average atmospheric pressure for this elevation therefore this option is less precise than measuring the actual atmos
24. dvanced Calibration the phase shift dphi dphi see chapter 6 5 and 13 2 for the o calibration standard dphi 0 in and for the 100 calibration standard dphi 100 in can be adjusted manually 40 Further the Background Amplitude in mV and the Background dphi phase shift in can be adjusted refer to chapter 9 for more details These two values are only relevant if Background Compensation for measurements with contactless sensors has been activated in the Advanced Settings of the respective channel The Advanced Calibration is finalized by clicking OK closing the Advanced Calibration window and returning to the main window where Calibration Status shows now Advanced 41 7 5 Background Compensation of Contactless Sensors The calibration of contactless sensors i e sensor spots sensor cuvettes and flow through cells offers additionally a background compensation i e compensation of potential background fluorescence from the setup So if in the settings a contactless Sensor Type i e S or W has been selected then a separate Background Compensation will open automatically during the calibration procedure just before the main calibration window opens Further details about the background compensation and the calibration of contactless sensors are provided in chapter 9 42 8 Calibration Standards 8 1 The 100 Standard The 100 calibration standard can be e water vapor saturated air 2
25. e user s authority Before using the Firesting O2 and its sensors read carefully the instructions and user manuals for the oxygen meter Firesting O2 In case of problems or damage disconnect the instrument and mark it to prevent any further use Consult Pyro Science for advice There are no serviceable parts inside the device Please note that opening the housing will void the warranty The Firesting O2 is not watertight is sensitive to corrosive conditions and to changes in temperature causing condensation Avoid any condition e g direct sun light causing a heating of the device above 50 C 122 F Handle the sensors with care especially after removal of the protective cap Prevent mechanical stress to the fragile sensing tip Avoid strong bending of the fiber cable Prevent injuries with needle type sensors Calibration and application of the sensors is on the user s authority as well as data acquisition treatment and publication The sensors and the oxygen meter Firesting O2 are not intended for medical or military purposes or any other safety critical applications The sensors should be used in the laboratory only by qualified personal following the user instructions and the safety guidelines of the manual as well as the appropriate laws and guidelines for safety in the laboratory Keep the sensors and the oxygen meter Firesting O2 outside the reach of children 3 Introduction to the FireSting O2 The
26. emperature sensor can be simply used for recording the temperature in the measuring setup However the temperature sensor is especially useful in order to compensate automatically the oxygen sensor signals for temperature variations in the setup The temperature compensation is needed due to two reasons e the luminescence of the REDFLASH indicator is temperature dependent and e the conversion of some oxygen units needs to be compensated for the temperature In order to activate automatic temperature compensation the option Temperature Sensor has to be selected in the 49 Environmental Conditions in the Settings of the respective channel The temperature readings are also saved into the data file However it is also possible to use the automatic temperature compensation e g only for a single channel whereas the other channels can be used for measurements at a Constant Temperature For the channels running at constant temperature this temperature must be entered in the Environmental Conditions in the Settings It is on the users authority to ensure that the sample is kept under this constant temperature during the measurements Even if measurements with all activated oxygen sensors are performed under Constant Temperature the temperature sensor can be used for independent temperature measurements This requires a separate activation of the temperature sensor in the Temperature panel of the Settings see chapter 6 2 50
27. ensor spots for long term measurements Our consulting service is available to inform you about the e new and outstanding FireSting Oz e different sophisticated sensor types e microprofiling setups from PyroScience e their applicability and e integration into existent devices as OEM solution More information concerning our products can be found at www pyro science com or contact us under info pyro science com We would be pleased to serve you concerning all needs for sensing oxygen at high precision and resolution with state of the art technology Profit from our innovation scientific expert knowledge and flexibility to develop customized solutions for high performance sensing technology Your PyroScience Team 2 Safety Guidelines The FireSting O2 is a laboratory instrument to be used with fiber optic oxygen sensors optodes from PyroScience for measuring oxygen at high precision and resolution In order to guarantee an optimal performance of the FireSting O2 please follow these operation instructions and safety guidelines Before starting a measurement with the FireStingO2 please allow for an appropriate e installation of the FireSting Logger software before plugging the FireSting O2 for the first time into a USB port of your PC e ambient temperature cleanness and humidity e connection of sensors and products extension module supplied from PyroScience e calibration of the sensors e precaution during hand
28. ensor 1 Not Calibrated 18 07 C Measurement C stop je single data point continuous _ duration 00 01 00 HH MM SS 72 1 1 1 1 I I 1 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 Sample Interval s set f actual Data Points J f x LX anal Plot Style BAM Data Ponts BI Data Smoothing ail for raw vatue AW SE 9 RES Save Load Flash Raw Clear Warning The data are currently Setup Setup Logo Data Charts not saved into a data file The four panels Channel 1 4 correspond to the channels 1 4 of the fiber optic oxygen sensors connected to the FireSting O2 For the 1 or 2 channel version of the FireSting O2 only the respective panels will be visible The default sensor readings are shown as raw value i e the uncalibrated sensor readings which give no quantitative information of the actual oxygen concentration After the activation of the respective channels in the Settings see chapter 6 2 the sensor readings of each channel are displayed in 18 its corresponding panel in a numeric display D and in a chart recorder C in the chosen oxygen unit UD The color and appearance of each graph can be changed by clicking on the color control CC The description of the sensor as defined in the Settings is shown in the description display DD The Signal Intensity SI of the oxygen sensor is shown as a horizontal indicator bar just above t
29. ensors with a tapered sensor tip of ca 40 60 um in diameter A and minisensors with a flat sensor tip B of 230 um 430 um 0 5 mm and 1 1mm in diameter The sensor tip can be retractable R or fixed F in the housing Microsensor retractable Minisensor fixed The retractable sensor tip allows sensor insertion through septa package material or tissue and subsequent extension of the sensor tip into the sample for oxygen measurements The retractable sensors are available as microsensors 40 60 um and as minisensors 230 um 430 um The sensors are shipped in positiono retracted position to protect the tip from breaking The needle is covered with a protective cap PC which has to be removed carefully before using the sensor After removal of the protective cap from the needle the sensor should be fixed in a stable set up like a solid laboratory stand or a micromanipulator mounted on a heavy stand from PyroScience In case of retractable sensors move gently the push button PB from the retracted position o to the extended positions 1 tip flush with needle tip 2 or 3 thereby moving the sensor tip ca 6 mm position 2 or 12 mm position 3 out of the needle into the water or gas phase of the sample 10 Retracted Position position 0 tip inside needle Extended position 1 tip flush with needle tip ca 6 mm extended Fully extended position 3 tip ca 12 mm extended The needle type mic
30. hand the user has the possibility to click onto the chart and move the whole area while keeping the mouse button pressed 2 For advanced users raw value 100 dphi whereby dphi denotes the phase shift of the luminescence life time measurement 20 There are several possibilities to change the display range of the chart The upper and lower limits of both axes can be changed by clicking with the mouse onto the limit tags so that a new value can be entered if autoscaling is off The buttons Ki and Ki provide autoscaling for the x or y axis respectively This feature can be permanently activated by clicking on the respective lock buttons a By default only the y axis is in autoscale mode The buttons ET and PRE can be used for changing the format precision or the mapping mode linear logarithmic The warning display WD can show the following warnings Low Signal Signal too high Bad reference Low signal indicates that the sensor is either not connected or needs to be replaced by a new one In case of contactless sensors it might indicate that the distance between the spot fiber and the sensor spot is too large For advanced users increase the LED intensity and or the amplification in the Advanced Settings Signal too high requires a change of the environmental conditions during measurements avoiding direct sun light exposure or illumination with a lamp For advanced users decrease the LED intensity and or t
31. hannel4 Temperature Overview l Firmware 2 12 Temperature Temperature l 17 98 Ke Measurement L stop ja single data point continuous Temperature CC duration 00 01 00 HH MM SS l 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 I Sample Interval s 8050 8100 8150 8200 8250 8300 8350 8400 8450 8500 8582 set actual Data Points 10 25 11 26 gem Eege VII Plot Style B z Data Points IK DESS HI E Temperature Bi lag SE J Save Load Flash Raw Clear Warning The data are currently Setup Setup Logo Data Charts not saved into a data file Please note that each FireSting O2 meter provides only a single port for a temperature sensor For Automatic Temperature Compensation see chapter 6 2 of gt 1 oxygen sensor all sensors connected to the selected channels with automatic temperature compensation have to measure at the same temperature condition as determined with the connected and activated temperature sensor see also chapter 10 32 6 4 Overview Panel The sensor readings of all activated oxygen sensors and the temperature sensor are graphically displayed in the panel Overview Each channel reading is shown also as a numerical value in the chosen unit The plot style of each channel in the chart can be changed by clicking on x With Common Plots Color Line Style and Width Interpolation and Point each plot in the chart can be changed The items Bar Plot Fill BaseLine and Y Scale are not app
32. he amplification in the Advanced Settings Bad reference indicates internal problems of the FireSting O2 Please contact PyroScience for support Refer also to Troubleshooting in chapter 13 1 On the ride hand side of the main window the actual temperature as measured by the connected and activated temperature sensor is shown in the temperature display TD in the chosen unit TUD The temperature can be set in the Settings to the unit degree 21 Celsius C degree Fahrenheit F or Kelvin K NaN denotes Not a Number when no temperature sensor is connected or if it is not activated in the Settings see chapter 6 2 TD TUD MSB DUD SB A Measurement is started by clicking on the measurement start button MSB The arrow in the button turns from dark green to light green indicating that a measurement is in progress Clicking again on it will stop the measurement The mode of Measurement can be chosen as single data point acquisition continuous sampling default setting or as continuous 22 sampling limited to a defined time interval The duration of the time interval can be adjusted in the duration display DUD shown as hour HH minutes MM seconds SS The Sample Interval for continuous sampling can be defined in the field designed with set Setting the sample interval to 0 25 will give the maximal possible scan rate The exact maximal rate depends on the settings and the number of activated channels
33. he numeric display D A reasonable oxygen sensor shows signal intensities well above 50 typically 100 1000 If the signal intensity drops below 50 this indicator bar turns gradually from grey to red indicating that the sensor might get degraded soon Most sensors will still work even at a signal intensity of ca 10 yet with increased noise But at even lower signal intensity the warning Low signal will appear in the warning display WD see below and chapter 13 1 f Q Firesting Logg 2s Fi ing Logger 235 c 2012 by tro My Channel 1 2 Channel 3 Channel 4 Tempefature l Overview Geesse PY Signal Intensity 115 3 Calibration Status Temperature Oxygen 78 58 raw value Sensor 1 Not Calibrated l 18 07 Ke 82 Measurement 80 79 C stop je ER S single data point 77 q 76 75 74 73 o continuous _ duration S 00 01 00 4 HH MM SS Sample Interval el S actual A 1 4 Data Smoothing SP 4 Log to File Warning The data are currently ES not saved into a data file 72 H i i 1150 1200 11250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 Data Points Data Points Gf 1S 43 Plot Style S HEA H o2 raw value BD ea TO Setutl Setup Logo Data Charts WD C CC Note Exceptions are trace oxygen sensors During the 100 calibration at 21 O2 these sensors show naturally a very low signal intensity as low as 10 But the sig
34. libration yes 100 air saturation 2 point calibration 0 yes 100 air saturation Trace Sensors 2 point calibration 53 12 4 Detection Limit and Resolution Typical detection limit and resolution for 2 point calibrated sensors for Measuring Mode default see settings in chapter 6 2 1 Full Range Sensors for Measuring Mode default Unit Limit of Resolution Resolution Detection low levels high levels O gas 0 02 O 0 01 O 0 05 O at 1 O at 20 O hPa mbar 0 2 hPa 0 1 hPa 0 5 hPa at 10 hPa at 200 hPa mol ppm 0 01mgL 0 005mgL 0 025mgL ato smgL jat8mgL air saturation 0 1 a s 0 05 a s 0 25 a s at 5 a s at 100 a s Trace Sensors for Measuring Mode default O gas 0 004 O 0 002 O at 0 2 O hPa mbar 0 04 hPa 0 02 hPa at 2 hPa mg L ppm 0 002 mg L 0 001 mg L at o 1 mg L air saturation 0 02 a s 0 01 a s at 1 a s For Measuring Mode low drift the values in the tables must be typically multiplied by a factor of 2 for Measuring Mode low noise the values must be divided by 2 54 12 5 Accuracy The absolute accuracy of the full range sensors depends on the calibration mode Full Range Sensors Unit Accuracy low level Accuracy high level O gas 0 3 O at 1 O a P mg L ppm 0 15 mg L at o 5 mg L air saturation 1 5 a s at 5 a s O gas 0 04 O at 1 O P O Fact
35. ling of the needle type sensors to avoid injuries or breaking of the sensor and e functioning of the FireSting O2 If any problems or damage evolve please disconnect the instrument immediately mark it to prevent any further use and consult PyroScience for repair or maintenance service The FireStingO2 should not be manipulated or opened by unauthorized persons only by PyroScience or persons advised directly from PyroScience The FireSting O2 and sensors should be kept and stored outside the reach of children in a secure place under dry and clean conditions at room temperature avoiding moisture dust corrosive conditions and heating of the instrument This device is not intended for medical military or other safety relevant areas It should be used in the laboratory by qualified personal only following the operation instructions and safety guidelines of this manual Please follow the appropriate laws and guidelines for safety like EEC directives for protective labor legislation national protective labor legislation safety regulations for accident prevention and safety data sheets from manufacturer of chemicals used during measurements Calibration of the sensors data acquisition data processing and data publication is on the user s authority When used in the field the environmental conditions like high humidity dust exposure to direct solar radiation may cause damage or interference of the FireSting O2 which is on th
36. measurements the sensor tip of the oxygen sensors should be rinsed carefully with demineralized water In case of retractable sensors retract the sensor tip and put on the protective cap PC onto the needle to protect the sensor Store the sensor at a dry dark and secure place A signal drift of the sensor can indicate photobleaching of the oxygen sensitive REDFLASH indicator depending on the intensity of the excitation light and frequency of measurements The needle type oxygen sensors are also optionally available with optical isolation for measurements in samples with auto fluorescence With this optical isolation interferences between the REDFLASH indicator uminescence and autofluorescence e g from photosynthetic pigments are reduced However the optical isolation causes an increase in the response time tgo which is the time for 90 of the total sensor signal change see chapter 12 5 2 Bare Fiber Sensors The bare fiber sensors are identical to the retractable needle type oxygen sensors except that they do not contain a housing They comprise only the bare optical fiber with the REDFLASH indicator immobilized on the fragile sensor 12 tip The bare fiber sensors are available both as microsensors 40 Go um tip diameter and as minisensors 230 um 430 um tip diameter They can be used with customized housing with complex geometries or they might be inserted directly into samples implantable sensors 5 3
37. n be read out using the Spot Fiber item no SPFIB connecting the basic spot adapter with the FireSting O2 For measurements Spots WE6 530 19 gt 201 Ng s L l 28 45 sence through containers with wall thicknesses of 2 6 mm the metallic Lens Spot Adapter item no SPADLNS with an integrated collimating lens has to be used instead It comes together with a flexible re adjustable cable binder for quick positioning of spot adapters e g on laboratory flasks with a maximal diameter of 10 cm The spot adapter is then connected with the Spot Fiber to a channel of the FireSting O2 14 The general characteristics like cross sensitivity optimal and maximal range of measurements limit of detection accuracy and resolution are the same as for the needle type sensors see chapter 5 1 and 12 The sensor spots offer a versatile field of application for multi sampling measurements and online monitoring of oxygen at greater scales This includes the application in e g respiration and photosynthesis chambers bioreactors growth experiments studies of enzyme kinetics cell biological approaches and industrial process water monitoring including aqua farming sewage treatment and cooling water cycling 5 4 Sensor Cuvettes The oxygen sensor cuvettes are standard plastic cuvettes 10x10x45 cm with an oxygen sensor spot glued to one side wall of the cuvette They allow precise contactless oxygen measurements within
38. n chapter 8 38 The Calibration Conditions need to be defined and entered as described for the 1 point calibration see chapter 7 2 The Temperature for both the 0 and the 100 calibration standard needs to be determined and entered manually After insertion of the sensor into the defined 100 calibration standard and after reaching stable readings observe the chart in the main window click on Set 100 value The actual sensor reading is then taken as 100 calibration and the green indicator 100 set lights up Then insert the sensor subsequently into the o calibration standard and after reaching stable readings click on Set o value Now the actual sensor reading shown in the main window is taken as 0 calibration value and the green indicator 0 set lights up Both calibration values can be re calibrated any time simply by clicking again on Set 100 value or Set o value 39 If both indicators 100 set and 0 set are bright green the 2 Point Calibration can be finalized by ae on OK In the main window the Calibration Calibra Status shows then 2 Point Besides the three main modes of calibration factory 1 point 2 point it is also possible to select Advanced Calibration in the window Calibration Mode In the dialog window Advanced Calibration the Calibration Conditions have to be defined and entered for the corresponding channel as described for the 1 point calibration see chapter 7 2 In the A
39. n the Calibration Conditions the temperature of the calibration standard Temp C at 0 a s and the actual Atmospheric Pressure Insert the oxygen sensor into the flask and perform the calibration as described in chapter 7 8 2 3 Nitrogen Gas Flush 100 nitrogen gas through a flask with a lid prepared with holes for inserting the oxygen sensor and a temperature sensor Ensure that all air has been replaced by the nitrogen gas before performing the calibration Adjust in the Calibration Conditions the temperature Temp C at 0 a s and the Atmospheric Pressure of your calibration standard Insert the oxygen sensor into the flask and perform the calibration as described in chapter 7 45 9 Calibration of Contactless Sensors For preparing a setup with contactless oxygen sensors please refer to the chapters 5 3 5 5 9 1 Calibration Procedure In general the calibration procedure for contactless sensors is the same as for the needle type bare fiber oxygen sensors However if a 1 point or a 2 point calibration should be performed the calibration standards have to be filled directly into the vessel intended for the later measurements e g the chamber flask reactor where a sensor spot is glued into or into the tubing of the flow through cell 9 2 Background Compensation Further for an optimal measuring precision of contactless sensors a background compensation should be performed This compensates for poten
40. nal intensity will strongly increase when a trace oxygen sensor is applied within its specified range of o 10 O2 19 Note that the signal intensity can be influenced by varying the LED Intensity or the Amplification in the advanced settings see chapter 6 2 2 The calibration status is shown in a separate calibration display CD As long as the sensors are not calibrated it shows Not Calibrated and the data can only be displayed as uncalibrated raw or dphi The raw value reflects only qualitatively the value measured oxygen concentration i e increasing oxygen concentrations will result in increasing raw values However this dependency is not linear and especially 0 O2 does not correspond to a raw value of zero In order to switch to quantitative oxygen units like hPa or 02 a calibration has to be performed by clicking on the button Calibrate The calibration procedure is explained in chapter 7 The plot style of the data in the charts can be changed by different chart tools wD PiotSyie E Gaspar Wew owend A Di The Plot Style of the chart displayed can be changed by clicking with the right mouse button onto the black field of the color control x opening a pop up menu With Common Plots Color Line Style and Width Interpolation and Point Style the chart appearance can be changed The button with the magnifying glass offers different zoom options After clicking the button with the
41. on of the oxygen concentration O2 uM oxygen partial pressure O2 hPa and air saturation O2 air sat see also chapter 13 2 The temperature measured by the temperature sensor and the internal temperature in the FireSting O2 meter are also displayed The Signal Intensity in mV gives a measure of the quality of the oxygen measurement which is also displayed in the horizontal bar indicator in the main window see chapter6 1 Ambient Light in mV gives a measure of the ambient light entering the sensor from outside At too high ambient light levels the detector of the FireSting O2 might get saturated giving the warning Signal too high in this window and in the warning display of the main window see chapter 6 1 On the left side different warnings can be indicated by the software concerning the signal and reference intensity too low too high and the detection of the temperature sensor 34 7 Calibration Procedure To calibrate a sensor click on the button Calibrate in the corresponding channel panel ain enue Note that during data logging Not Calibrated this button cannot be used until Log to File was stopped A dialog window opens in which the Calibration Mode for the corresponding channel can be selected Ch Calibration Mode DA Select the Calibration Mode for Channel 1 Discard Calibration 1 Point Calibration 2 Point Calibration Advanced Calibration Factory Calibration Cancel
42. or Type S Sensor Type SS or W a Background Woe ees i sr default Compensation can _ be 10 lt i 200x fe activated optionally by CSRS Oxygen Measuring In default H L checking the little square The Time ms 10 ms background compensation is erte Gre described in detail in chapters Nermal Range CH Standard Sensor Spot Black Fiber 7 5 and 9 2 The Advanced Measuring Parameters comprise the LED Intensity for excitation of the REDFLASH indicator in and the Amplification of the sensor signal default 200x As a rule of thumb the LED Intensity should be 10 30 for microsensors minisensors and miniprobes but can be increased up to 100 for contactless sensors The Amplification should be typically chosen as 80x 200x or 400x Note that varying the LED Intensity and the Amplification has direct influence on the signal intensity and therefore on the signal to noise ratio see chapter 6 1 The Oxygen Measuring Time default 10 ms defines the integration time for the acquisition of a single data point Shorter measuring times provide low long term drift whereby longer 28 measuring times assure less noise The maximal possible value is 200 MS 6 2 3 Environmental Conditions The next step is the determination of the Temperature Sensor Environmental Conditions a Const Temp DC d 20 0 in the Sample in which the KR oxygen measurements will be performed It needs to be selecte
43. ory Calibration mg L ppm 0 02 mg L at o 5 mg L air saturation 0 2 a s at 5 a s To Lea hPa ato hPa 1 point Calibration O gas 0 02 O at 1 O hPa mbar 0 2 hPa at 10 hPa mg L ppm 0 01 mg L at o 5 mg L air saturation 0 1 a s at 5 a s 2 point Calibration 1 O at 20 O 10 hPa at 200 hPa 0 5 mg L at 8 mg L 5 a s at 100 a s 0 2 O at 20 O 2 hPa at 200 hPa 0 1 mg L at 8 mg L7 1 a s at 100 a s 0 2 O at 20 O 2 hPa at 200 hPa 0 1 mg L at 8 mg L7 1 a s at 100 a s Trace Sensors typically 2 of reading but not better than 0 01 O 55 12 6 Response Time The response time t is defined as the time for 90 of the total sensor signal change in stirred media Beside the standard sensor types PyroScience offers on request also selected high speed sensor types Note that the response time increases slightly if the sensor is provided with an optional optical isolation Response Time tool no optical isolation Microsensor Minisensor Miniprobe Sensor Spots Flow through cells lt 2 Sec lt 3 Sec lt 3 Sec lt 3 Sec standard standard standard standard lt 0 5 Sec lt 1 Sec lt 0 5 Sec high speed gh speed high speed lt 2 Sec lt 10 Sec lt 15 sec lt 15 sec standard standard standard standard lt 0 5 Sec lt 5 Sec lt 5 Sec high speed high speed high speed Gas ph
44. pensation is performed After the background compensation is finished the window closes and the program proceeds with the calibration window see chapter 7 It is important that for the subsequent calibration process the Spot Fiber is again fixed underneath the sensor spot position e g by connecting this spot fiber end again to the Spot Adapter or to the flow through cell 48 10 Temperature Measurement 10 1 Available Temperature Sensors The FireSting O2 provides one port for a temperature sensor PyroScience offers two standard temperature sensors the dipping probe temperature sensor TDIP15 with 1 5mm tip diameter and the submersible temperature sensor TSUB21 with 2 1mm tip diameter completely Teflon coated The TSUB2z is fully specified for long term submersion into aquatic samples i e the complete sensor including the cable can be submersed In contrast the TDIP15 is only specified for long term immersion of the 100 mmlong probe tip into aquatic samples However the complete TDIP15 including the cable is splash proof and withstands easily short term submersion into water The measuring range of the Temperature sensors is 70 C to 200 C 95 F to 390 F Please note that the oxygen sensors have a different temperature range typ 0 50 C specified 20 C to 70 C not specified The resolution is typically 0 02 C and the absolute accuracy is typically 0 2 0 3 C 10 2 Automatic Temperature Compensation The t
45. pheric pressure The Salinity of the environmental sample in g L in which the oxygen measurements will be performed needs to be adjusted e g in case of saline water For measurements in gaseous samples this value has no relevance 6 2 4 Temperature Settings The temperature sensor connected to the FireSting O2 can be independently made Active in the panel Temperature even if the oxygen measurements of all sensors are performed with Constant Temperature and hence are not affected by the temperature sensor measurements After activation the measured temperature is displayed in the Temperature panel see chapter 6 3 and Overview panel see chapter 6 4 of the main window and saved also into the data file The temperature units can be adjusted in Units of degree Celsius C default setting degree Fahrenheit F or Kelvin K 30 The Temperature Measuring Time default only multiples of 300 ms 100ms possible can a in order be optionally increased to reduce the noise of the temperature measurement or b decreased in order p O Firesting Settings Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4 Temperature Options Active Units Cc Temperature Sensor Kai Temperature Measuring 7 200 Defsult 300 Time ms Manual Offset CC 10 00 Defaut 0 yy these Settings Cancel to achieve higher sampling rates A Manual Offset might be entered for possible re
46. puroscience sensor technology FireSting O FIBEROPTIC OXYGEN METER USER MANUAL Document Version 2 04 Refers to FireSting Logger Software version gt 2 35 The FireSting O is manufactured by PyroScience GmbH Hubertusstr 35 52064 Aachen Germany Phone 49 0 241 4004 555 Fax 49 0 241 4004 558 Email info pyro science com Internet www pyro science com Registered Aachen HRB 17329 Germany TABLE OF CONTENT OVERVIEW eege eege EE EE 1 SAFETY EE 3 INTRODUCTION TO THE FIRESTING Oz NENNEN 6 SOFTWARE INSTALLA TION ice 8 OXYGEN SENSOR TYPES zoon 9 5 1 IST E TEE 9 5 2 BARE FIBER SENSORS enee Ee 12 5 3 SENSOR SPOTS EE 13 5 4 EE 15 5 5 MEOW Reiter CR osaman easeeeianei eel haGates 15 5 6 Keng lie ee 16 5 7 CONNECTING THE ES 16 THE SOFTWARE FIRESTING LOGGER aaen 18 6 1 MAIN lee 18 6 2 DEMING Steatetac tateeatessie Manian cotati geg 25 02t EE ee 27 62 2 ee CN 27 6 2 3 Environmental Conditions sini Ee Ee 29 624 Temperature sel UNGS rene 30 6 25 ODUONG EE 31 6 3 TEMPERATURE PANEL ee ee ee ER 6 4 OVERVIEW PANE eege ees 33 6 5 THE RAW DA TANVINDO E EE 33 CALIBRATION PROCEDURE NENNEN REENEN 35 7 1 FACTORY EBI Le 36 7 2 TEE ERT eege 36 7 3 THE Z FONT GALIBRATION EE 38 7 4 ADVANCED CALUIBRATION 4 0 7 5 BACKGROUND COMPENSATION OF CONTACTLESS GENSORS 42 8 CALIBRATION E E TR KE 43 8 1 THE TOO STANDARD EE 43 8 1 1 Water Vapor Saturated Air 43 Ge EES 43 8 17 Alr Saturated Water seiko Mas 44 8 2
47. ropriate for this application O Firesting Logger GC 2S Firesting Logger v23 Im A e wwe pyro science com pur Oo Channel i Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel4 Temperature Overview Firmware 217 Temperature Overview l 18 93 Ke cht 101 7 air sat Ch2 21 00 dphi E w Ch3 NaN fraw value Measurement Cha NaN raw value stop ap Channel 1 S e single data point I I 1 t I I I I I I L Channel2 WEMA 652 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1252 continuous Channel3 Ri Beete 21 det ee Channels MA 00 01 00 Temo SS EI HH MM SS B Sample Interval s 5 S actual a S 0 25 10 86 Data Smoothing 1 1 1 WE 1100 1200 1251 JE FF FF FF Log tp mie Save Load flash Raw Clear Warning The data are currently Setup Setup Logo Data Charts not saved into a data file 6 5 The Raw Data Window The Raw Data Window is only intended for trouble shooting not for use during normal measurements After clicking on the Raw Data button in the Main Window see chapter 6 1 the following FireSting Raw Data window opens NOTE While the Raw Data window is opened all raw values are additionally saved into the data file in additional columns behind the standard data columns 33 The panels of each channel Chan 1 4 show the phase shift as delta phi dphi in dphi is the actual measured raw value which is used for the internal calculati
48. rosensors are appropriate for high resolution measurements in semi solid samples like sediments biofilms or tissues with PyroScience turnkey motorized microprofiling setups They allow measurements in small sample volumes along steep gradients and of depth resolved oxygen profiles at high spatial resolution Please always use a stable stand and a micromanipulator to move the sensor into a semisolid sample like sediment biofilm tissue The minisensors are standard sensors for robust long term oxygen measurements in gaseous or aquatic environments Fixed minisensors with a mechanically protected tip 0 5 mm diameter can be used for insertion through a rubber septum without addition of air to gas samples Here the very sensor tip is flush with the tip of a beveled needle and glued into it In case of fixed minisensors with a tip diameter of 1 1 mm the fixed sensor tip extends 1 mm from the needle tip and is hence unprotected after removal of the protective cap Avoid any contact to harsh surfaces 11 The needle type sensors can be sterilized with ethylene oxide EtO and can be cleaned with peroxide 3 H202 soap solution or ethanol They can be applied in gas phases aqueous solutions ethanol methanol and isopropanol Other organic solvents and gaseous chlorine Cl2 induce interferences with the sensor reading No cross sensitivity was found for pH 1 14 CO2 CH4 H2S and any ionic species After finalization of the
49. t Measuring Mode includes information for optimal bk i a 1 2 3 4 5 sensor settings and for calibration DS ee OR eh EE data needed for the factory and the 1 point calibration A sensor description is then displayed below the Sensor Settings Normal Range O2 High Speed Minisensor Brown Fiber lt i The Measuring Mode can be adjusted gradually between low drift 1 and low noise 5 of the sensor signal by moving the arrow with the mouse along the scale thereby changing the oxygen measuring time An intermediate mode 3 is default 6 2 2 Advanced Settings If Advanced Settings are chosen more complex settings controls get visible In order to get a good starting point for the advanced settings you should first go to the Basic Settings and enter there the Sensor Code and the preferred Measuring Mode If you now change to the Advanced Settings the Advanced Settings will 27 reflect exactly the measuring conditions as defined in the Basic Settings The first letter of the sensor code attached to the sensor cable Sensor Type 2 p DEE sensor code defines the Sensor Type e g R LED Intensity Amplification stands for Normal range O2 default 10 vl 200 9 Minisensor Brown Fiber and has m Me j ry default to be adjusted accordingly en Tne ms A 10 10 ms Normal Range O02 Minisensor Brown Fiber For contactless sensors e g sensor spots flow through a first letter of cells with the Sens
50. the measurements can be entered in the Description display This description will be shown above the charts in the main window DD and also in the data file 25 CT Firesting Settings Es Channel1 Channel2 Channel3 Channel 4 Temperature Options Active Description CD Sensor Jaret Environmental Conditions in the Sample Please enter the sensor code _ Temperature Sensor attached to the sensor Measuring Mode Copy these Settings The units of oxygen concentration can be selected for each channel by the selector Units The selectable units include raw value default air saturation O gas ml L umol L mg L ppm hPa Torr dphi and ug LU ppb For detailed information refer to the chapters 13 2 and 13 4 3 for advanced users raw value 100 dphi whereby dphi denotes the phase shift of the luminescence life time measurement 26 6 2 1 Basic Settings The settings mode has to be chosen as Basic or Advanced The first time user is advised to work with the Basic Settings If Basic is chosen the sensor code attached to the sensor has to be entered into the field Sensor Settings A detailed explanation of the sensor code is given in chapter 13 6 Please take care that the sensor Please enter the sensor code code of the sensor connected to a attached to the sensor specific channel of the FireSting O2 YA 7 5145 200 meter is entered in the same channel panel in the window Settings I
51. tial background fluorescence of the fiber optic setup In order to perform a background compensation ensure in the Settings e either that in the Basic settings the correct Sensor Code for the contactless sensor is entered starting with S or W e or that in the Advanced settings Sensor Type S or W is selected and Background Compensation is activated These settings ensure that the dialog window Background Compensation will automatically open during the calibration process before the actual calibration window is shown 46 Ch Background Compensation Here the background fluorescence of the connected Spot Fiber can be compensated For this it is important that one end of the SpotFiber is connected to the corresponding channel of the FireSting O2 and the other end of the Spot Fiber is not placed underneath the sensor spot i e disconnect this end from the spot adapter or from the flow through cell Then wait for steady state and press the button Take Actual Values Alternatively the button Keep Last Values can be used if the sensor spots are re calibrated with the same spot fiber which was background compensated before Then the last values for the background compensation are kept It is also possible to enter values for the Background and dphi manually into the field Manual and subsequently clicking on Take 47 Manual Values If you enter manually zero both for Background and for dphi no background com
52. tion low cross sensitivity and fast 59 response times The red light excitation significantly reduces interferences caused by autofluorescence and reduces stress in biological systems The REDFLASH indicators show much higher luminescence brightness than competing products working with blue light excitation Therefore the duration of the red flash for a single oxygen measurement could be decreased from typically 100 ms to now typically 10 ms significantly decreasing the light dose exposed to the measuring setup Further due to the excellent luminescence brightness of the REDFLASH indicator the actual sensor matrix can be now prepared much thinner leading to fast response times of the PyroScience oxygen sensors K red light source infrared detector syringe needle infrared emission optical fiber red excitation REDFLASH dye The measuring principle is based on a sinusoidally modulated red excitation light This results in a phase shifted sinusoidally modulated emission in the NIR The FireSting O2 measures this phase shift termed dphi in the software The phase shift is then converted into oxygen units based on the Stern Vollmer Theory 60 13 3 Operating several FireSting O2 in parallel The fiber optic oxygen meter FireSting O2 is available as 1 2 or 4 channel version However in order to realize extendable multichannel systems with higher channel numbers e g 8 16 32 or 64 several Fire
53. toelectronics in the Firesting O2 see chapter 13 2 Please note that dphi is not at all linearly dependent on the oxygen units and increasing oxygen levels correspond to decreasing dphi values and vice versa As athumb of rule anoxic conditions will give about dphi 53 whereby ambient air will give about dphi 20 raw value raw value Definition raw value 100 dphi The unit raw value has the sole purpose to avoid confusion about increasing or decreasing oxygen conditions In contrast to dphi the raw value increases with increasing oxygen levels and vice versa Therefore the unit raw value is the default unit for uncalibrated Sensors partial pressure po hPa mbar Used in gas and water phase For a calibrated sensor the partial oxygen pressure po in units of hPa equivalent to mbar is the fundamental oxygen unit measured by the Firesting O2 partial pressure po Torr Definition Poa Torr po hPa x 759 96 1013 25 Used in gas or water phase volume percent py O2 gas Definition Py Po hPa Patm X 100 Used in gas with Patm actual barometric pressure 62 air saturation A a s Definition A a s 100 x Po P1000 Used in water phase with 1009 0 2095 Patm PH20 T Py20 T 6 112mMbar x exp 17 62 T C 243 12 T C Po2 actual partial pressure Patm actual barometric pressure T actual temperature Ph20 T saturated water vapor pressure at temperature T Dissolved O
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