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RAMP Wireless Module RM024

1. Bit O set GIO 4 GIO 0 Bit 1 set GIO 8 GIO 1 Bit 2 set GIO 7 GIO 3 Bit 3 set CMD Data GIO 2 Bit 4 set RTS CTS Bit 5 set RXD TXD Bit 6 clear Bit 7 clear All IO are Outputs Bit 6 set Bit 7 clear All I O are Inputs Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 27 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 RSSI_Lag EEPROM 0x67 Controls a filter on the PWM output to smooth out the changes made to the PWM signal Setting the value to a very Low number will result in very quick changing output Setting the value to a higher number will result in a slower varying PWM output Setting the value to 0x00 will result in an instantaneous RSSI Because RSSI is measured per hop and the radio can hop over 43 or 79 hops instantaneous RSSI may move too quick to be of use as a signal strength indicator The default value is Ox40 and should be sufficient for most applications It should be set to a value of less than Ox80 RSSI Lag affects the PWM Output according to the following equations Cumulative Lag Cumulative Lag RSSI Current Old RSSI Avg e New RSSI Avg Old RSSI Avg Cumulative Lag mod EE Lag Cumulative Lag is then stored in memory until the next time RSSI is calculated If Cumulative Lag mod EE Lag gt 0 then Cumulative Lag remainder of Cumulative Lag mod EE Lag RSSI Output to PWM A moving RSSI Average can be wri
2. OxCC lt RSSI gt Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 44 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless Laird Technologies RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Write Digital Outputs OxCC 0x23 Data OxCC Data Write PWM OxCC 0x24 Data OxCC Data Set Power Control OxCC 0x25 Power OxCC Power Antenna Switch Command OxCC 0x26 Port Select OxCC 0x26 Port Select EEPROM COMMANDS EEPROM Byte Read OxCC 0OxCO Start Length OxCC Start Length Data n O gt EEPROM Byte Write OxCC lt 0xC1 gt lt Start gt Length lt Data gt lt Start gt lt Length gt lt Last Byte Written gt Write Flash lt 0xCC gt lt 0xC4 gt lt Start_H gt lt Start_L gt lt OxCC gt lt 0xC4 gt lt Result gt lt Length_H gt lt Length_L gt lt Data gt lt Start_H gt lt Start_L gt Decrypt New Image OxCC 0xC5 OxCC 0xC5 Data Erase Flash OxCC 0xC OxCC 0xC Read Flash lt OxCC gt lt OxC9 gt lt Start_H gt lt Start_L gt lt OxCC gt lt 0xC9 gt lt Result gt lt Start_H gt lt Length_H gt lt Length_L gt lt Start_L gt lt Length_H gt lt Length_L gt lt Data gt Set Vendor ID lt OxCC gt OxF2 0x06 Vid H Vid L OxCC OxF2 0x06 Data Utility Commands Ent
3. calibrated Number of Bytes 5 Returned Parameter Range lt Response gt bit 0 Sleep Crystal check If set Sleep timing crystal failed to start bit 1 Wake Event f set the radio was awakened from sleep with the Sleep Interrupt Force 9600 Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 48 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1 628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 pin bit 2 Boot Error If set last reset was due to brown out or power on reset If not set then reset was due to uP Reset pin or Soft Reset command bit 3 Calibration Event If set then the sleep timer is performing a calibration Check Firmware Status In firmware v2 6 and forward the Check Firmware Status command is used to verify proper loading of the firmware Because v2 6 and forward requires the firmware to be loaded via multiple images this command verifies that all pages have been upgraded Should an error be encountered the first page encountered that is out of date is reported in the response Command OxCC 0x00 0x02 Response OxCC 0x02 Error Page Parameter Error 0x00 success 0x09 firmware not Range complete Page 0x00 no error Ox10 Ox1E corresponds to first page in memory that needs to be upgraded Bin Analyzer The Bin Analyzer is a powerful command for understanding the link conditions between two radios over the entire frequency
4. lt Timer_H TIMER_L gt 0x0001 OxFFFF Reset The OEM Host issues this command to perform a soft reset of the transceiver Any transceiver settings modified by CC commands will revert to the values stored in the EEPROM Command OxCC OxFF Number of Bytes None Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 47 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Returned Response None Restore Factory Defaults In firmware v1 7 and forward the OEM can issue this command to restore the original factory EEPROM settings to the module The Command also issues a reset as well as restoring the EEPROM The default EEPROM will be active following the reset Command lt OxCC gt lt OxFF gt lt OxDF gt Number of Bytes 0 Returned Response None Status Commands Check Status Registry In firmware v2 2 and forward the Status Registry contains error codes which may be useful for the OEM to note Note Sleep crystal is only checked on boot Wake Event is written every time the module wakes from sleep Boot Error is written on boot Calibration Event indicates that the module is performing a calibration of the external crystal used to track the length of sleep during a Sleep Timer sleep mode If Sleep Calibration is enabled in the EEPROM this bit will always be set The sleep timer will constantly be
5. time it takes to expend all retries Remote I O is disabled when the Force 9600 pin is set at boot Remote I O control lines occur in pairs with the Digital Input on the local radio driving a Digital Output on the remote radio and vice versa This makes Remote I O useful for both point to point and point to multipoint networks Multipoint to point networks will not benefit from using a single pair of lines as the central point won t be able to tell where the line change was sourced Multiple control lines are available though so up to four pairs of lines can be used simultaneously Likewise analog inputs can be used Address 0x57 bit 4 as the input with a PWM output on the remote radio though analog states will only be transmitted when a Utility packet is sent which are only triggered by the change of a Digital Input Threshold settings are not available on analog Inputs Output lines will be initialized at boot according to Remote I O Status Address OxC9 OxCA for the Digital lines and PWM Init Address OxC8 for the PWM output Which control lines are used in Remote 1 0 is set by the Remote I O Control bit field Address 0x60 Note TxD RxD is one pair of Remote I O lines available If this pair is used the module will Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 24 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 not respond to Commands and will not be able
6. 0x44 1 0x00 0x02 Baud E is used for setting custom OxFF baud rate see Serial Interface Baud Rate section for more details Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 30 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Control O 0x45 Bit Adjustable 0x88 Settings are bit 7 Reserved Do not modify bit 6 Sleep Indicator GIO 1 O Disable Sleep Indicator Enable Sleep Indicator bit 5 Reserved Do not modify bit 4 Auto System ID 0 Disable Auto System ID 1 Enable Auto System ID bit 3 Command Data Receive Disable 0 Disable CMD Data RX Disable 1 Enable CMD Data RX Disable radio will accumulate received RF packets until the CMD Data pin goes High at which time it will forward all stored packets to its host bit 2 Legacy RSSI 0 Disable Legacy RSSI 1 Enable Legacy RSSI bit 1 Sniff Report 0 Discard sniffed packets 1 Report sniffed packets bit O Sniff Permit 0 Disable Sniff Permit 1 Enable Sniff Permit Transmit Ox4C Retries 0x01 OxFF 0x03 Maximum number of times a packet is retransmitted when Addressed packets are being sent Note A setting of 0x00 will select 256 retries Broadcast 0x4D Attempts 0x01 OxFF 0x03 Number of times each packet is transmitted when Broadcast packets are being sent Note A setting of 0x00 will select 256 attempts Utility Retri
7. Data Rate sight estimated FCC 2 5 miles 4 km 1300 ft 400 m CE 1 5 miles 2 4 km 790 ft 240 m Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 4 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Temperature Operational 40 C to 85 C Temperature Storage 50 C to 150 C SMD Multi Antenna Dimensions 1 0 x 1 54 x 0 14 25 4 mm x 39 mm x 3 6 mm SMD U FL Dimensions 1 0 x 1 28 x 0 14 25 4 mm x 32 4 mm x 3 6 mm Pluggable Multi Antenna Dimensions 1 05 x 1 56 x 0 44 26 7 mm x 39 6 mm x 11 3 mm Pluggable U FL Dimensions 1 05 x 1 29 x 0 42 26 7 mm x 33 mm x 10 6 mm FCC Part 15 247 KQL RMO24 Industry Canada IC 2268C RMO24 CE Yes RMO24 x50 x versions RoHS Yes Japan TBD Brazil Anatel 4 None 1l Maximum Output power stated step measurements for power could vary by 2 0 dBm 2 Sleep currents are estimated 3 Range distances are estimated measurements were taken at 4 1 miles with 5 dBi antenna for FCC module 4 Contact your sales representative for more details Pin Definitions 7 O GIO 0 Generic Output Hop Frame 2 6 O GIO_1 Generic Output 3 8 DNC Do Not Connect 4 17 O GIO_2 RS485 Driver Enable 5 19 O GIO 3 PWM Output 6 3 RXD Asynchronous serial data input to transceiver 7 2 O TXD Asynchronous serial data output from transceiver 8 10 GND GND Sign
8. Data rate is set by the appropriate RF Profile EEPROM Address 0x54 Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 je Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 A rule of thumb for RF systems is every 6 dB of gain doubles the effective distance The 4 dB increase of Receive Sensitivity for the lower data rate solution means it will be able to transmit almost 60 farther than the higher data rate solution Modes of Operation The RM024 has three different types of interface modes Transparent Mode API Mode Command Mode The first two modes are used to transmit data across the RF and the third mode is used to configure the radio Transparent Mode When operating in transparent mode the RMO24 can act as a direct serial cable replacement in which RF data is forwarded over the serial interface and vice versa In transparent mode the radio needs to be programmed with the MAC Address of the desired recipient The destination address can be programmed permanently or on the fly When Transparent Mode is used datais stored in the RX buffer until one of the following occurs The RF packet size is reached EEPROM address Ox5A An Interface Timeout occurs EEPROM address 0x58 All parameters can be configured by entering Command Mode using either AT commands or by toggling the Command Data pin Low on the transceiver Transparent Mode is the defa
9. Ox5E Ox5F signaling to the OEM Host that it may resume sending data to the transceiver Note Itis recommended that the CEM Host cease all data transmission to the radio while CTS is de asserted High otherwise potential data loss may occur Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 19 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 TXD Data Buffer and RTS As data to be forwarded to the OEM Host accumulates it is stored in the RMO24 s outgoing buffer until the radio is ready to begin sending the data to the OEM Host Once the data packet has been sent to the Host over the serial interface it will be removed from the buffer and the radio will begin processing the next data packet in the buffer With RTS Mode disabled the transceiver will send any data to the OEM Host as soon as it has data to send However some OEM Hosts are not able to accept data from the transceiver all of the time With RTS Mode Enabled the OEM Host can prevent the transceiver from sending it data by de asserting RTS High causing the transceiver to store the data in its buffer Upon asserting RTS up to two additional bytes can be received over the serial interface before the flow is stopped Once RTS is re asserted Low the transceiver will continue sending data to the OEM Host beginning with any data stored in its buffer Note Leaving RTS de asserted for too long can cause
10. Parameter Range Control 0x007 Turn Bin Analyzer Off 0x01 Turn Bin Analyzer On lt NumRuns gt Ox00 Continuous 0x01 OxFF Number of runs bins lt Bin gt Bin from 0 to max bin number according to the selected RF Profile lt RSSI_1 gt How strongly the remote radio heard the local radio s bin request RSSI 2 How strongly the local radio heard the remote radio s response Command Descriptions Read Temperature The OEM Host issues this command to read the onboard temperature sensor Note The temperature sensor is uncalibrated and has a tolerance of 3 C For calibration instructions contact Laird Technologies technical support Command OxCC lt OxA4 gt Number of Bytes 2 Returned Response OxCC lt Temp gt Parameter Range Temp Temperature Celsius in two s complement format Change Channel The OEM Host issues this command to set a new RF Channel Number Command lt OxCC gt lt OxA4 gt Number of Bytes 2 Returned Response OxCC lt Temp gt Parameter Range Temp Temperature Celsius in two s complement format Change Server Client The OEM Host issues this command to set the module as a server or a client on the fly Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 50 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Comma
11. a client once the Beacon Skip count is reached the client will listen to every hop until it successfully hears a beacon It will then wait a number of hops specified by the Beacon Skip before listening again Enabling this will allow the transceiver to conserve power by disabling its RF circuitry during the beacon time Enabling this on the server will cause substantially longer sync times on the clients Destination 0x70 6 0x00 Specifies destination for RF packets MAC OxFF Only the last four LSBs are used for RF Address Communication System ID 0x76 1 0x00 0x01 Similar to network password Radios OxFF must have the same System ID to communicate with each other MAC 0x80 6 Factory set unique MAC Address of Address radio Only the last four LSBs are used for RF Communication Part 0x90 16 Factory set part number for the unit Numbers User OxAO 16 Ox00 OxFF OxFF This memory is reserved host memory Memory and will never be used by the radio The host is free to use this memory as desired and it will only be modified when instructed to do so by the host Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 38 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 API Control OxC 1 0x01 0x00 Settings are OxFF bit 7 Broadcast Mode 0 Disable 1 Enable bit 6 In range High on Wake bit 5 Antenna Select 0 Select Integrated Chip Antenn
12. and Interface Timeout as criteria for processing incoming data the radio will also delineate packets up to once per hop once a minimum of six characters has been received over the serial port Legacy RSSI EEPROM 0x45 bit 2 RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator is a measure of how well the receiving radio is able to hear the transmitting radio By default RSSI is reported in 2 s complement format therefore values range from 0x80 Ox F Many preceding products have instead reported RSSI in the range of 0x00 OxFF Legacy RSSI causes 0x80 to be added to the RSSI result prior to reporting it to the host Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 22 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Max Power EEPROM 0x63 The transceiver has an adjustable RF output power Power can be adjusted dynamically to optimize communications reliability and conserve power Each increment represents a 3 dBm 50 decrease in power The radios have a maximum input RF level of 0 dBm When operated very close together at full power the radio s receiver can saturate and no transmissions are possible If the distance between the transmitter and receiver is very short generally less than 2 ft 6 m with 2 5 dBi antennas the Max Power should be reduced Mode Server Client EEPROM 0x41 The server controls the frequency hop timing by sending out regular beacons trans
13. be read from the module Command OxCC lt OxC5 gt Number of Bytes 3 Returned Response OxCC 0xC5 Data Parameter Range Data 0x00 No Error 0x01 Errorin File integrity erase Flash and retry download 0x02 Not enough free memory Reset the module and try again 0x04 Image Already Decrypted Erase New Image from Flash It is not necessary to issue this command Radio automatically erases the new image upon loading it into active memory However if the wrong image is loaded the image can be erased It is not possible to overwrite a downloaded image without erasing it or activating it This command erases the memory between addresses 0x0000 and Ox7FF Memory between addresses 0x800 and Ox3BFF is erased automatically by the first write exceeding to address 0x800 or higher Because this memory contains active code the radio will now disconnect from the network until the upgrade process is completed Command OxCC lt 0xC 6 gt Number of Bytes 2 Returned Response Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 63 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Parameter Range lt OxCC gt lt OxC6 gt Read Flash This command is used to read the encrypted image of the flash that resides on the radio module If the image has already been decrypted then this command will report an error Note The len
14. data loss once the radio s TXD buffer reaches capacity Tip Can l implement a design using just TXD RXD and Gnd Three wire Interface Yes However it is strongly recommended that your hardware monitor the CTS pin of the radio CTS is taken High by the radio when its interface buffer is getting full Your hardware should stop sending at this point to avoid a buffer overrun and subsequent loss of data You can perform a successful design without monitoring CTS However you need to take into account the amount of latency the radio adds to the system any additional latency caused by retries how often you send data non delivery network timeouts and interface data rate Laird Technologies can assist in determining whether CTS is required for your application Radio Configurations Antenna Switch EEPROM 0xC1 bit 5 Selects either integrated chip antenna or U FL connector for external antenna Note On RM024 C units with no integrated antenna the RF switch is still active and it is possible though not advised to switch to the Integrated Antenna option even though there is no antenna connected RF performance in this configuration would be very degraded Auto Channel EEPROM 0x56 bit 3 To allow for more flexible network configurations Auto Channel can be enabled in clients to allow them to automatically synchronize with the first server they detect regardless of channel number Note A client with
15. header information Start Delimiter Request 0x81 Data Data Bytes 2 Payload Data Length 0x01 0x50 Byte 3 Reserved Byte 4 Transmit Retries Broadcast Attempts Byte 5 7 3 LSBs of Destination MAC Address Bytes 8 n Payload Data Figure 5 Transmit API Packet Format Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 67 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Note Setting the Destination Address of OxFF OxFF OxFF will broadcast the packet to all available transceivers in the network Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 68 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 MECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS Mechanical Drawing The pluggable versions of the RMO24 consist of the surface mount RMO24 on a pluggable adapter board RM024 C versions which only feature an UEL connector and no integrated antenna are the same dimensions as below with the stub for the antenna connector removed For the surface mount units this means the module is 32 38 mm long For the pluggable units the module is 33 02 mm long Note on Mechanical Drawings All dimensions are in millimetres PC Board Material is 0 79 mm thick FRA Provide clearance of at least 1 5 mm around the module to be free of other components and features Module should not exceed 260 degree
16. hopping spectrum The Bin Analyzer will cause the local radio to send an RSSI request packet to the radio specified in the Destination Address field The remote radio will respond with RSSI information and this is then streamed to the OEM through the Serial UART This sequence occurs once per hop Due to the random frequency hopping sequence of the radios it is not possible to associate a specific bin with a specific frequency though the OEM can use the Bin Analyzer response to identify any possible interferers and to provide a quantitative analysis of the total number of good versus bad bins The Bin Analyzer command will stream data results back for each hop until the command is turned off or the number of runs is met The Bin Analyzer command must be issued from Command Mode but it will continue to stream results back even after the OEM has exited Command Mode The Bin Analyzer packet is sent as part of the RF Packet Header and does not affect the throughput of data between two radios See the RSSI section of the manual for equations to convert RSSI to a dBm value Command OxCC lt Ox8F gt Control lt NumRuns gt Number of Bytes 2 Returned Response OxCC 0x01 Americas 4 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 49 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Bin Response Stream lt OxCC gt lt Bin gt RSSI 1 RSSI 2
17. interference and randomness of the sync function It can vary from 150 ms to over 1500 ms GO_0 Hop_Frame The Hop Frame indicator functionality is disabled by default and controlled by the Control 1 Bit 6 EEPROM Setting When enabled this pin will transition logic Low at the start of a hop and transition logic High at the completion of a hop The OEM Host is not required to monitor Hop Frame RTS and Handshaking With RTS mode disabled the transceiver will send any received data to the OEM Host as soon as it is received However some OEM Hosts are not able to accept data from the transceiver all of the time With RTS enabled in EEPROM the OEM Host can prevent the transceiver from sending it data by de asserting RTS High Once RTS is re asserted Low the transceiver will send packets to the OEM Host as they are received Note Leaving RTS de asserted for too long can cause data loss once the transceiver s transmit buffer reaches capacity CTS Handshaking If the transceiver buffer fills up and more bytes are sent to it before the buffer can be emptied data loss will occur The transceiver prevents this loss by deasserting CTS High as the buffer fills up and asserting CTS Low as the buffer is emptied CTS should be monitored by the Host device and data flow to the radio should be stopped when CTS is High DE RE When enabled RS485 Data Enable will use the DE RE pin to control the DE pin on external RS 485 circuitry When
18. scanning the available frequencies listening for a beacon from a server in their network When a client detects the server s beacon the client will synchronize to it and transition the In Range pin Low When the server and the client are synchronized they can begin transferring data Table 2 EEPROM Parameters Product ID 0x00 0x23 Product identifier string includes revision information for software and hardware Range Ox3D 0x01 0x48 Specifies the maximum amount of Refresh OxFF time a transceiver will report In Range without having heard a server s beacon Equal to hop period value do not set to 0x00 Channel 0x40 1 79 Hops 0x00 Selects a unique hopping sequence Number 0x00 in order to demarcate collocated Ox4E networks 43 Hops 0x00 Ox2A Mode 0x41 1 0x01 0x02 Sets the mode type Each network Server Client Server has one and only one server and any 0x02 number of clients The server is Client responsible for transmitting beacons which are used by the clients to locate and synchronize their hopping to that of the server Baud Rate 0x42 1 0x00 0x09 Baud Rate see Serial Interface OxOA section for details Default represents OxE3 115 200 kbps Setting this address to OxE3 will allow the user to set a custom baud rate with the Baud M and Baud E registers Baud M 0x43 0x00 0x00 Baud_M is used for setting custom OxFF baud rate see Serial Interface Baud Rate section for more details Baud_E
19. written Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 59 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Vendor ID This command is used to set the Vendor ID in the radios The Vendor ID is a one time writable parameter which is not able to be read back for security purposes Radios with the Vendor ID set will only communicate to other radios that have Vendor ID set to the same value Once the Vendor ID is set it cannot be changed Setting this value incorrectly will result in a radio which will not be able to communicate with other radios on the network Setting the Vendor ID is not necessary for the radios to operate and care should be taken when using it To see if the Vendor ID has been set the OEM can issue the command OxCC lt OxF2 gt 0x06 lt OxFF gt lt OxFF gt If the response is OxFF OxFF then VID has not been set If the response is 0x00 0x00 then the VID has been set Issuing the command OxCC OxF2 0x06 lt OxFF gt OxFF will not set the Vendor ID Command OxCC OxF2 0x06 Vid H Vid L Number of Bytes 2 Returned Response OxCC OxF2 0x06 Value Vid Hz Ox00 OxFF Vid L Ox00 OxFF Value If Vid is set the response will be 0x00 0x00 If Vid is not set the response will be OxFF OxFF Parameter Range Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 60 Laird Technologies Eur
20. 2 35 D OO 73 20 18 O O TE O5 O o E aid 0000 6 48 PCB Pad Pattern 0 00 AAARAAARA top view 2 00 typ 85 S ga se rr 10 00 on NIS IS 7 52 EN e 40 o 0000000000 _ i g z 22 00 26 67 E z dE 3 000000000 0 062 pad 0 033 hole 7 32 Lu 20 places Figure 7 Form Factor Pluggable RM024 RM024 PXXX M 01 Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless Z Laird Technologies RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 The Pluggable RM024 uses a single row header with 2 mil spacing The Mill Max 831 43 010 10 001000 is used on the RMO24 development kit as a mating connector Thisbagcontains MOISTURE SENSITIVE DEVICES 4 Shelf life in sealed bag 24 months at lt 40 C and lt 90 relative humidity 2 Peak package body temperature 245 C 3 After this bag is opened devices that will _ be subjected to reflow solder or another high tem Rerature process must be a within 168 hours at factory conditions of S 30 C 60 RH or b Stored at lt 10 RH l 4 Devices require bake before mounting if a Humidity indicator card is IBS when read at 23 5 C or b 3a or 3b is not met 5 If baking is required devices may be baked for 48 hrs at 125 5 C Note If device containers can not be subjected to high temperature or shorter bake times are desired reference IPC JEDEC J STD 033 fo
21. 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 RSSI Control 0x68 1 Ox0O OxFF OxF1 Settings are bit 7 PWM Output Port bit 6 PWM Output Port bit 5 Use Average RSSI 0 Ignore RSSI Lag and report instantaneous RSSI 2 Uses RSSI Lag and reports moving average of RSSI bit 4 Invert Report 0 PWM Outputs higher duty cycle for a stronger signal 1 PWM Outputs lower duty cycle for a stronger signal bit 3 Unintended Report 0 Disable Unintended report 1 Reports RSSI on packets not intended for this transceiver bit 2 Broadcast Report 0 Disable Broadcast Report Reports RSSI on Broadcast packets received bit 1 Addressed Report 0 Disables Addressed Report 1 Reports RSSI on packets specifically addressed to this transceiver bit O Beacon Report 0 Disables Beacon Report 1 Reports RSSI on the beacon from the server 1 PWM Output Port The OEM can control which ports are used for PWM Output according to the following table Bit 6 Bit SMT Pluggable Pin Pin 0 2 6 7 1 0 5 19 5 19 Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 37 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Beacon Skip Ox6F Ox00 OxFF Ox00 When set the transceiver will send server or listen client for a beacon on hops spaced by the Beacon Skip number On
22. 923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 CTS_Off_H Ox5E CTS_Off_L Ox5F Max Power 0x63 Destination MAC Address 0x72 3 Destination MAC Address 0x73 2 Destination MAC Address 0x74 1 Destination MAC Address 0x75 0 System ID 0x76 Command lt 0xCC gt lt 0x0A gt Location Number of Bytes 2 Returned Response lt 0xCC gt Value Parameter Range lt Location gt Dependant of parameter Value Ox00 OxFF Write IRAM This command is used to change the IRAM contents The IRAM contains the active in memory copy of the EEPROM parameters Some of these fields are available for reading and writing to provide on the fly instantaneous setting of parameters Parameters changed via the IRAM commands will take effect immediately and will remain in effect until the radio is reset IRAM changes do not persist after a reboot Restrictions on the specific IRAM parameters are the same as for the EEPROM parameters Available locations in IRAM are Range Refresh Ox3D RF Channel Ox41 Interface Timeout 0x58 Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 52 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless Laird Technologies RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 RF Packet Size Ox5A CTS_On_H Ox5C CTS On L Ox5D CTS Off H Ox5E CTS Off L Ox5F Max Power Ox63 Destination MAC Address 0x72 3
23. AUTION Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by Laird Technology could void the user s authority to operate the equipment NOTE This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does not cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures e Re orient or relocate the receiving antenna e Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver e Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit that is different from that to which the receiver is connected e Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help CAUTION THIS DEVICE COMPLIES WITH PART 15 OF THE FCC RULES AND INDUSTRY CANADA LICENSE EXEMPT RSS STANDARD S OPERATION IS SUBJECT TO THE FOLLOWING TWO CONDITIONS 1 THIS DEVICE MAY NOT CAUSE HARMFUL INTERFERENCE AND 2 THIS DEVICE MUS
24. Auto Channel will only synchronize with a server having a matching System ID Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 20 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Auto Config EEPROM 0x56 bit 0 The optimal settings for Interface Timeout and RF Packet Size vary according to the selected RF Profile and Interface Baud Rate Enabling Auto Config will bypass the value for these variables stored in EEPROM and use predetermined values that have been optimized for the given mode When Auto Config is disabled these values must be programmed in the transceiver EEPROM Auto Destination EEPROM 0x56 bit 4 To simplify EEPROM programming Auto Destination can be enabled in the radio which allows the radio to automatically set its destination to the address of the radio from which it last received a successful transmission from beacon or data packet Auto Destination on Beacons Only Address 0x56 bit 7 When Auto Destination is enabled the client radio will address itself to the source of any received packet including beacons from the server and any addressed or broadcast packets it receives For point to multipoint networks where the client is intended to only communicate back to the server this could cause the client to inadvertently become addressed to another client By enabling Auto Destination on Beacons Only the client will only address itself upon r
25. CC 0x20 Number of Bytes 2 Returned Response OxCC Digital Out Parameter Range Digital Out bit 1 GIO 8 bit 0 GIO 4 Read ADC The OEM host issues this command to read the analog to digital converters at up to 12 bit resolution Higher resolutions can cause slower responses from the command The time required for a conversion is Tconv decimation rate 16 0 23 US In most applications this will be used to measure the input voltage to detect reduced battery power with Vcc 3 the temperature sensor or the Analog input pin For the most accurate results the 1 25 V internal reference should be chosen though this would limit the OEM to a maximum A D Input of 1 25 V Vcc 3 and the temperature sensor readings should use the internal 1 25 V reference as those voltages will never exceed 1 25 V The ADC result is represented in a two s complement form The result is the difference between ground and the selected channel and will be a value between 2048 and 2047 with 2047 representing the maximum value where the ADC result equals the reference voltage and 2048 equals the negative of the reference voltage The ADC cannot measure a voltage higher than the reference voltage Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 55 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Command OxCC 0x21 Data Number of Bytes 3 Returned Respons
26. D The RM024 accepts 3 3 VDC TIL level asynchronous serial data from the OEM Host via the RXD pin Data is sent from the transceiver at 3 3 V levels to the OEM Host via the TXD pin Pins should be left floating or high when not in use Leaving the RXD tied Low will result in the radio transmitting garbage serial data across the RF Force 9600 When pulled logic Low before applying power or resetting the transceiver s serial interface is forced to 9600 8 N 1 8 data bits No parity 1 stop bit regardless of actual EEPROM setting The interface timeout is also set to 3 ms and the RF packet size is set to the default size for the selected RF Data Rate To exit the transceiver must be reset or power cycled with Test pin logic High or disconnected When enabled in the EEPROM 9600 Boot Option causes the 9600 pin to be ignored on cold boot power up command boot OxCC OxFF and brown out conditions Therefore the 9600 pin is only observed on warm boots reset pin toggled This can be helpful so that brown out conditions don t cause the baud rate to change if the 9600 pin happens to be Low at the time When 9600 Boot Option is disabled the 9600 pin will be used for all boot conditions 9600 Boot Option is enabled by default Force 9600 also is used to wake the radio from sleep When the pin is taken Low the radio will wake The transceiver will not sleep if the pin is Low when the sleep command is issued Note Because this pin disables s
27. Destination MAC Address 0x73 2 Destination MAC Address 0x74 Destination MAC Address 0x75 0 System ID Ox76 Command OxCC lt 0x0B gt Location Value Number of Bytes 3 Returned Response OxCC Location Value Parameter Range Location Dependant of parameter Value Ox00 OxFF Write Destination Address The OEM Host issues this command to the transceiver to change the Destination Address OxCC 0x10 MACI lt MAC2 gt lt MAC3 gt Command Number of Bytes 4 Returned Parameter Range 0x00 OxFF corresponding to the 3 LSBs of the destination MAC Address MAC3 is the LSB Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 53 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Destination Address The OEM Host issues this command to the transceiver to read the Destination Address Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x11 gt Number of Bytes 4 Returned Response OxCC lt MAC1 gt MAC2 lt MAC3 gt Parameter Range 0x00 OxFF corresponding to the 3 LSBs of the destination MAC Address MAC3 is the LSB Auto Destination Channel The Host issues this command to change the Auto Destination setting When issuing this command the Auto Destination setting will only be changed if the corresponding enable bit is set Otherwise the command performs a read of Auto Destinat
28. Duplex packet 0 Half Duplex Full Duplex bit O Auto Config 0 Auto Config Disabled Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless Laird Technologies RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Auto Config Enabled Control 2 0x57 Ox00 OxFF 0x01 Settings are bit 7 Discard Framing Errors 0 Framing error register is ignored 1 Upon detecting a framing error the entire packet is discarded bit 6 Hop Packet Delineation 0 Disabled 1 UART data will be transmitted once per hop as soon asa minimum of six bytes have been accumulated regardless of whether Interface Timeout or RF Packet Size has been reached bit 5 Override 485 timing 0 485 DE RE timing is set by the radio automatically 1 485 DE RE timing is set by value in EEPROM bit 4 Remote Analog Enable 0 Disable Remote Analog Enable Remote Analog bit 3 Remote I O Mode 0 Disable Remote O Mode 1 Enable Remote I O Mode bit 2 RS 485 Data Enable 0 Disable RS 485 Data Enable 1 Enable RS 485 Data Enable bit 1 Nine Bit Mode 0 Disable Nine Bit Mode Enable Nine Bit Mode bit 0 9600 Boot Option 0 Disable 9600 Boot Option Enable 9600 Boot Option Interface 0x58 0x02 0x03 Specifies a byte gap timeout used in Timeout OxFF conjunction with RF Packet Size to determine when a packet coming over the interface is complete 200 us Americas 1 800 492 2320
29. Laird TECHNOLOGIES gt Innovative Technology for a Connected World RAMP Wireless Module RM024 User Manual Version 2 1 global local RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 CONTENTS RAMP MOdUIeS cien eene eue en deu in d 3 eM AT E nEnETE 3 Eie E deere 3 Ree Bee We ll A Pin DETIAITIONS REPRE 5 INPUT CMOGClEMiStles PE A AA E E O E O 8 Output ChiaracterisliGs 2 o rotto rtr et P ED E LO REPE ER EPOR E EE FOTO Pe FE EE TP a na aans 8 BIOCK DIG GF iur TTCTOER 8 THMUIA GS DECIIC CMIOINS E MR 9 RE HOP FOMIO NEEDED RPM 10 FGPOW GLE le ene Le 11 PID DSS CO IOn d 11 Theory Of OperclloDi suisse hr E E RR RERO EAR E Pe EE E o REEL ERES ERSTES EAD 13 Server Client Architecture ccccssccssccsscsssccsscsssccsscsssccsscssscesscesscesssenssesssesseesscesssenssessesssenssenssenssenssenssenss 13 Adjustable RF Data ROIG nibhr ie Fi Mie et pede P bae eene be ed t ede 13 Mod s e Ree EE 14 Serial internace BaUd ROEe ttti terrere re teer tb Pe Fes ev eee exe Pe levet Pe Ps ev eee Pene Pu bu deve quas 16 Interface Timeout RF Packet Size eese eseeesee eese tesa tns tn sata satus atas a tasa tu satu aso asas asa sa sess ansa sn sa 17 FOW Gio EE 18 Radio COMU OMS sess onn ctim eR ameet 20 EEPROM POOPING lier 3 itis tt p eI RH REPERTA RE ERE ENS TRA TERI TIE GEREATRA TERI canssani CERERI A saad cdaetuadonaeeeade 30 C
30. Option 3 16 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Radio can accept Serial combinations number of bits Parity Number of Stop Bits of 8 N 1 7 N 2 7 1 1 by Default Modes of 8 1 1 8 N 2 7 1 2 are acceptable with 9 bit mode enabled Interface Timeout RF Packet Size Interface Timeout Interface Timeout specifies a maximum byte gap between consecutive bytes When that byte gap is exceeded the bytes in the transmit buffer are processed as a complete packet Interface Timeout EEPROM address 0x58 in conjunction with the RF Packet Size determines when a buffer of data will be sent out over the RF as a complete RF packet based on whichever condition occurs first Interface Timeout is adjustable in 200 us increments and should be equal to or greater than two full bytes times The minimum Interface Timeout is 0x02 The radio will use the default Interface Timeout for a given baud rate if Auto Config is enabled despite what is written in the Interface Timeout address To use a non standard Interface Timeout the OEM would need to disable Auto Config RF Packet Size RF Packet Size is used in conjunction with Interface Timeout to determine when to delineate incoming data as an entire packet based on whichever condition is met first When the transceiver receives the number of bytes specified by RF Packet Size EEPROM address Ox5A without
31. Option 3 33 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 per increment This is only used when Auto Config is disabled RF Packet Ox5A See 0x60 Size Description Used in conjunction with Interface Timeout specifies the maximum size of an RF packet Value in address is only used when Auto Config is disabled RF Packet Size should not be less than 0x06 to ensure AT Commands can be issued The maximum value is 0x60 for 280 kbps RF Data Rate and OxEF for 500 kbps RF Data Rate Note Must be set to a minimum of 6 in order to send the Enter AT command CTS On Ox5C 2 0x0000 OxlFFF Ox01CO If the transceiver buffer fills up and more bytes are sent to it before the buffer can be emptied data loss will occur The transceiver prevents this loss by deasserting CTS High as the buffer fills up and asserting CTS Low as the buffer is emptied CTS should be monitored by the Host device and data flow to the radio should be stopped when CTS is High CTS will be deasserted High when the transmit buffer contains this many characters or more CTS Off OxSE 2 0x0000 Ox01FE 0x0180 If the transceiver buffer fills up and more bytes are sent to it before the buffer can be emptied data loss will occur The transceiver prevents this loss by deasserting CTS High as the buffer fills up and asserting CTS Low as the buffer is emptie
32. S Porti Low Communications idle Upgrading FW Commands These commands are used to upgrade the FW on the RMO24 these commands are only valid on FW version 1 3 and above Command Descriptions Write Flash This command is used to write an encrypted binary file to the reserve flash The OEM should first issue the Erase Flash command before writing a new image to the flash Writes can only be done in increments less than 256 bytes The Binary file should start being written at address 0x00 and incremented from there Command OxCC 0OxC4 StartAdaress 1 0 gt lt Length 1 0 gt lt BytesToWrite gt Number of Bytes 5 Returned Response OxCC gt OxC4 Result StartAddress 1 0 gt Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 62 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 lt Length 1 0 gt 0x00 0x01 0x00 OxFF lt BytesToWrite gt The actual data being written lt Result gt 0x00 No Error 0x03 Command Timed Out Ox06 Bounds Exceeded Start Address Length is outside the image download area 0x04 A valid image already exists erase that Flash before overwriting Decrypt New Message This command is used to decrypt the binary file that was previously downloaded to the radio The next reboot of the module will cause this decrypted image to be loaded into the memory Once the file is decrypted it cannot
33. T ACCEPT ANY INTERFERENCE RECEIVED INCLUDING INTERFERENCE THAT MAY CAUSE UNDESIRED OPERATION RM024 Firmware History This section will detail key differences between firmware releases of the RMO24 The previous sections of the User Manual only deal with the latest version Some features and default settings have changed from one firmware to the next This section will detail those differences Hardware changes FW1 0 1 Initial Release Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 76 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless
34. a 1 Select U FL bit 4 Disable Status Bin 0 Use Status Bin 2 Ignore Status Bin bit 3 Unicast Only 0 Disable Enable bit 2 Send Data Complete API 0 Disable Enable bit 1 Transmit API 0 Disable Enable bit O Receive API 0 Disable 1 Enable Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 39 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Random OxC3 Ox00 0x00 Backoff OxFF The transceivers utilize a Carrier Sense Multiple Access CSMA protocol with Random Backoff and a programmable back off seed Therefore in the event of a collision the transceiver will back off and retry the packet Specifically when two transceivers collide with each other transmitting packets at the same time each transceiver will choose a random number of packet times that it will wait before retrying the packet Ideally they will each choose a different number and will be successful in the next transmission A good rule of thumb is to set Random Backoff to a number slightly larger than the maximum number of transceivers that would be expected to be transmitting at the same time Settings 1 packet time 0x00 1 2 packet times 0x01 1 4 packet times OxO3 1 8 packet times 0x07 1 16 packet times OxOF 1 32 packet times Ox1F 1 64 packet times Ox3F 1 128 packet times Ox7F 1 256 packet times OxFF PWM OxC8 OxOO OxFF OxFF Init
35. acknowledgement indicator When a radio sends an addressed packet it will look for a received acknowledgement transparent to the OEM Host If an acknowledgement is not received the packet will be retransmitted until one is received or all retries have been exhausted For applications where data loss is not an option the OEM Host may wish to monitor the acknowledgement process using the API Send Data Complete If an acknowledgement is not received failure the OEM Host can send the packet to the transceiver once again Because the Send Data Complete is reliant upon a successful RF Acknowledgement from the receiving radio a false positive is not possible but a false negative may occur That is the receiving radio Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 65 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 may have received the packet successfully but the acknowledgement was not received at the transmitting radio For Broadcast packets the Send Data Complete will always report success API Send Data Complete is enabled when bit 2 of the API Control Address OxC1 byte is enabled The transceiver sends the OEM Host the data shown in Figure 3 upon receiving an RF acknowledge or exhausting all attempts Start Delimiter Request 0x82 J Data Data Byte 2 Transmit RSSI Byte 3 Receive RSSI Byte 4 Success 0x00 Fail 0x01 Success Figure 3 Send Da
36. al Ground Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 5 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 9 PWR Vcc 2 3 3 6 V 50 mV ripple must be connected 10 PWR Vpa 2 3 3 6 V 5 OmV ripple must be connected 11 GND GND Signal Ground 12 9 Force 9600 Force 9600 When pulled logic Low and then applying power or resetting the transceiver s serial interface is forced to a 9600 8 N 1 rate Note Because this mode disables some modes of operation it should not be permanently pulled Low during normal operation 13 14 l GIO 4 Generic Input 14 5 UP Reset RESET Controlled by the RMO24 for power on reset if left unconnected After a stable power on reset a logic Low pulse will reset the transceiver 15 11 CMD Data When logic Low the transceiver interprets incoming OEM Host data as command data When logic High the transceiver interprets OEM Host data as transmit data 16 15 O In Range When logic Low the client is in range and synchronized with a server This will always be Low on a server 17 16 RTS Request to Send Floats high if left unconnected When enabled in EEPROM the module will not transmit data out the Serial UART unless the pin is Low 18 13 O CTS Clear to Send CTS is used for hardware flow control CTS will toggle high when the input buffer reaches the CTS On threshold until the buffer r
37. back to the settings stored in the EEPROM EEPROM Configuration Commands Two Commands are available to read and write the EEPROM of the radio These commands are very powerful as they can control the entire configuration of the radio They should be used with caution as overwriting reserved areas of memory can adversely affect the operation of the radio The radio must be reset for any changes to the EEPROM to take effect Utility Commands Utility Commands are used to enter and exit AT Command Mode and to reset the radio Status Commands Status Commands are used to query the radio for information Status commands can be used to poll GPIOs ADCs or to retrieve information about the state of the network Status commands do not affect the operation of the transceiver aside from being in Command Mode Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 43 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 UTILITY COMMANDS Enter AT Command Mode lt 0x41 gt 0x54 Ox2B Ox2B Ox2B OxOD OxCC 0x43 Ox4F Ox4D Exit AT Command Mode OxCC 0x41 0x54 Ox4F lt 0x0D gt lt OxCC gt lt 0x44 gt lt 0x41 gt 0x54 Enter Sleep lt 0xCC gt lt 0x86 gt lt Mode gt lt Res gt None lt Timer_H gt lt Timer_L gt Soft Reset lt 0xCC gt lt 0xFF gt None Restore Factory Settings lt 0xCC gt OxFF
38. ce must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation Label and text information should be in a size of type large enough to be readily legible consistent with the dimensions of the equipment and the label However the type size for the text is not required to be larger than eight point CAUTION The OEM should have their device which incorporates the RMO24 tested by a qualified test house to verify compliance with FCC Part 15 Subpart B limits for unintentional radiators Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 75 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 WARNING This device has been tested with an U FL connector and the antennas listed in the table above When integrated into the OEM s product these fixed antennas require professional installation preventing end users from replacing them with non approved antennas Any antenna not listed in the above table must be evaluated for compliance with FCC Part 15 203 for unique antenna connectors Contact Laird Technology for assistance WARNING This equipment has been approved for mobile applications where the equipment should be used at distances greater than 20 cm from the human body Operation at distances of less than 20 cm requires additional RF exposure evaluation and possible testing including SAR requirement according to FCC RF Exposure guideline C
39. d CTS should be monitored by the Host device and data flow to the radio should be stopped when CTS is High Once the CTS has been deasserted CTS will be reasserted Low when the transmit buffer contains this many or less characters Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 34 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless Laird Technologies RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Remote I O 0x60 Control Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless Settings are bit 7 Use Pairs 0 Disable pairs and allows radio 1 O already set in bits 5 0 to be all input or all output Enable pairs with bits 5 0 set bit 6 All Inputs 0 All configured I O are output if Bit 7 is clear 1 All configured I O are inputs if Bit 7 is clear bit 5 Enable RXD TXD Pair 0 Disable RXD TXD Pair for Remote I O Mode Enable RXD TXD Pair for Remote I O Mode disables serial data bit 4 Enable RTS CTS Pair 0 Disable RTS CTS Pair for Remote I O Mode Enable RTS CTS Pair for Remote I O Mode disables RTS bit 3 Enable CMD Data GIO 2 Pair 0 Disable CMD Data GIO 2 Pair for Remote I O Mode 1 Enable CMD Data GIO 2 Pair for Remote I O Mode May affect DE RE bit 2 Enable GIO 7 GIO 3 Pair 0 Disable GIO 7 GIO 3 Pair for Remote I O Mode 1 Enable GIO_7 GIO_3 Pair for Remote I O Mode I O Type depend
40. d on the transmitting radio RF Channel Number EEPROM 0x40 This product uses FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum protocol in which the transceiver will communicate using frequency bins spaced throughout the frequency band Therefore RF Channel Number specifies a unique pseudo random hopping sequence RF Profile EEPROM 0x54 RF Profile can be adjusted to provide a trade off between throughput and range Deciding which RF Profile to choose depends on the individual application Selecting a higher RF baud Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 25 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 rate will provide increased RF bandwidth However selecting the lower RF baud rate will provide significantly improved range Selecting fewer hops provides a shorter sync time whereas more hops will provide better interference and collocated system immunity Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 26 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator RSSI is available to the OEM through a number of means AT Commands such as Bin Analyzer and Report RSSI will report RSSI API Packets for Received and Send Data Complete will report RSSI and one of three pins can be configured to provide a PWM output representing the RSSI By defau
41. e OxCC Hi ADC gt Lo ADC gt Parameter Range Data bits 7 6 Reference Voltage 00 Internal 1 25V reference 10 Voltage on Vcc pin Data bits 5 4 Resolution 00 64 decimation rate 7 bits resolution 01 128 decimation rate 9 bits resolution 10 256 decimation rate 10 bits resolution 11 512 decimation rate 12 bits resolution Data bits 3 O gt Channel 0000 AD In GIO 7 1100 GND 1101 Positive Voltage Reference 1110 Temperature Sensor 1111 Vcc 3 Hi ADC gt MSB or requested 12 bit ADC value lt Lo ADC gt LSB of requested 12 bit ADC value Get Last RSSI This command is used to report signal strength RSSI information from the last RF Packet the radio received This command will report the signal strength of any received RF packet including the server beacon data packets and even RF Packets that were not intended for this radio eg packets with a different Destination MAC Address than this radio Command OxCC 0x22 Number of Bytes 2 Returned Response OxCC RSSI Parameter Range RSSI 0x00 OxFF Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 56 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Write Digital Outputs The OEM Host issues this command to write both digital output lines to particular states These states will be persistent unless over
42. e USB Eval Boad and one RS FCC IC DVK RM024 P125 C 232 Eval Board containing the RM024 P125 C 01 radios Full Development Kit with one USB Eval Boad and one RS FCC IC DVK RM024 P125 M 232 Eval Board containing the RM024 P125 M 01 radios Full Development Kit with one USB Eval Boad and one RS FCC IC CE DVK RM024 P50 C 232 Eval Board containing the RM024 P50 C 01 radios Japan Full Development Kit with two RM024 P50 M 01 radios DVK RM024 P50 M FCC IC CE Japan Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless Laird Technologies RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 REGULATORY INFORMATION FCC IC Requirements for Modular Approval Agency Identifications Numbers Family US FCC CANADA IC RM024 KQL RM024 2268C RM024 RM024 Family PART FORM FACTOR TX OUTPUT ANTENNA RM024 S125 C XX Surface Mount 125mW U FL RM024 S125 M XX Surface Mount 125mW U FL or chip RMO24 P125 C XX Pluggable 125mW U FL RMO024 P125 M XX Pluggable 125mW U FL or chip RM024 S50 C XX Surface Mount 50mW U FL RM024 S50 M XX Surface Mount 50mW U FL or chip RM024 P50 C XX Pluggable 50mW U FL RMO024 P50 M XX Pluggable 50mW U FL or chip ast two slots XX in Part are used for custom setups Can be values 01 99 aa zz Antenna Information RMO24 family has been designed to operate with the antennas listed below and hav
43. ecedes below CTS Off 19 18 GIO_8 Generic Input 20 13 GIO_5 Reserved for future use Do not connect 21 4 GIO_6 Reserved for future use Do not connect 22 20 GIO_7 Analog to Digital Input Tips s All I O matches the Vcc e All inputs are weakly pulled High via a 20k Ohm pull up resistor and may be left floating during normal operation e Minimum Connections VCC VPA GND TXD amp RXD Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 6 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1 628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 e Signal direction is with respect to the transceiver e Unused pins should be left disconnected Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 7 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Input Characteristics P Reset 0 8 v Vcc 0v 0 6 v RTS 231v Vcc Ov 99 v AD In N A Vcc Ov N A All other inputs 70 Vcc Vcc Ov 30 Vcc Output Characteristics GO 0 2 5v 3 3v Ov 0 4 v 20 MA GO 2 5 v 3 3 v Ov 0 4 v 20 MA PWM_Output N A 3 3 V Ov N A 4mA All other 2 5v 3 3 v Ov 0 4 v 4 MA inputs Block Diagram InRange PWM go pd uP Reset is RM024 A DE RE RTS as Output Buff
44. eception of Beacons therefore it will only address itself to the server Auto Destination on Beacons Only is only functional when Auto Destination is also enabled Auto System ID EEPROM 45 bit 4 When enabled Auto System ID allows a client to attach to any server on the same RF Channel regardless of the System ID on the server or the client Beacon Skip EEPROM Ox6F When set the transceiver will send server or listen client for a beacon on hops spaced by the Beacon Skip number On a client once the Beacon Skip count is reached the client will listen every hop until it successfully hears a beacon It will then wait a number of hops specified by the Beacon Refresh before listening again Enabling this will allow the transceiver to conserve power by disabling its RF circuitry during the beacon time Enabling this on the server will cause substantially longer sync times on the clients Broadcast EEPROM OxC1 bit 7 In Broadcast mode the transceiver will transmit the packet to all transceivers with the same Channel Number and System ID settings There is no RF acknowledgement sent from the recipient s back to the transmitter therefore the packet is sent out the number of times specified by Broadcast Attempts Broadcast Attempts EEPROM Ox4D When transmitting broadcast packets the RF packet is broadcast out to all eligible receivers on the network Broadcast Attempts is used to increase the odds of successful delivery to the i
45. ed to have the same serial data rate This value determines the baud rate used for communicating over the serial interface to a transceiver For a baud rate to be valid the calculated baud rate must be within 3 of the OEM Host baud rate Table 1 Baud Rate Interference Rate 230400 OxOA 0x02 1152002 0x09 0x02 57600 0x08 0x02 38400 0x07 0x02 28000 0x06 0x03 19200 0x05 0x05 14400 0x04 0x07 9600 0x03 0x10 4800 0x02 0x15 2400 0x01 Ox2A 1200 0x00 0x53 Non standard OxE3 Use equation below 1 Interface Timeout 200 us per increment the EEPROM address 0x58 is ignored if Auto Config is enabled To use a non standard Interface Timeout disable Auto Config 2 Default baud rate For baud rates other than those shown in Table 1 the following equations can be used 256 BAUD_M 284UD_E FREQUENCY Baud Rate 228 Where FREQUENCY 26 MHz BAUD_M EEPROM Address 0x43 BAUD E EEPROM Address 0x44 100000 Minimum Interface Timeout Baud Rate Tips e The RM024 supports a majority of standard as well as non standard baud rates To select a standard baud rate use the value shown for EEPROM address 0x42 in Table 7 above To enable a non standard baud rate program EEPROM address 0x42 Custom Baud Enable to OxE3 and then use the equation above to solve for BAUD_M and BAUD_E Adjusting the Serial Interface Baud Rate does not affect the RF data rate Americas 1 800 492 2320
46. eep timer expiring When a server enters PM2 it stops sending beacons until it awakes Upon awakening from PM2 a client will calculate which frequency the server should be located on based on the duration of the sleep period and will attempt to re sync with the server on that frequency As such a client will not be permitted to transmit data following PM2 until receiving a beacon from its server Enabling In Range High on Wake permits the host to monitor the In Range pin to determine when the client has received a beacon from its server PM3 The module can only be awakened by the Sleep Interrupt pin Force 9600 The sleep timer is not active in PM3 and the bytes controlling the timer RES Timer H Timer L are disregarded and can be omitted from the command as well Sleep Time is calculated according to the following formula Sleep Time RES TIMER H amp L 32 768 khz Sleep modes must last for a minimum of 11 08 ms Firmware History v1 0 v1 1 4 Only PM3 supported command is xOXCC 0x86 0x03 v1 1 6 v2 1 PM2 and PMG supported command is lt OxCC gt lt 0x86 gt lt Mode gt lt RES gt Timer H Timer L v2 2 forward PM2 and PM3 supported both prior commands are supported Command OxCC 0x86 Mode RES Timer H Timer LS Number of Bytes None Returned Response None Parameter Range Mode 0x02 PM2 0x03 PM3 RES 0x00 20 0x01 21 0x02 22 0x03 23
47. eless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 0x03 4 dBm typical 0x03 TBD Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 58 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Antenna Select Command The OEM Host issues this command to select the antenna port Command OxCC lt 0x26 gt lt Port Select Number of Bytes 3 Returned Response OxCC 0x26 Port Select Parameter Range Port Select 0x00 Integrated Chip Antenna 0x01 UEL Port EEPROM Byte Read Upon receiving this command a transceiver will respond with the desired data from the EEPROM addresses requested by the OEM Host Command lt OxCC gt 0OxCO Start Length Number of Bytes 4 Returned Response OxCC Start Length Data Parameter Range Start EEPROM address to begin reading at Length Length of data to be read Data Requested data EEPROM Byte Write Upon receiving this command a transceiver will write the data byte to the specified address but will not echo it back to the OEM Host until the EEPROM write cycle is complete Command OxCC lt 0xC 1 gt Start Length Data Number of Bytes 3 Returned Parameter Range Start EEPROM address to begin writing at Length Length of data to be written Data Data to be written Last byte Value of last byte
48. er Transmitter PA Serial UART ez CPU ni TD o o Receiver LNA met RXD Input Buffer EEPROM ntegrate Antenna Figure 1 Block Diagram of RM024 Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 8 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Timing Specifications Power on to 5 ms 10 ms N A The first boot after a FW CTS Low upgrade will require more than the typical amount of time for CTS to toggle Low EEPROM 800us 1ms 2ms Measured from last byte of Read command to first byte of response 870 us for 1 byte 1 1 ms for 80 bytes 1 4 ms for 256 bytes EEPROM Write 20 ms 30 ms 40 ms Measured EEPROM writes will cause the radio to resynchronize Power on to Client only 13ms 600ms 1700 ms Maximum time assuming all In Range server will go beacons are heard RF in range in interference could extend fewer than 13 the maximum time ms indefinitely Hope Period 13 19 ms In Range Hop Period Client only 38 4 ms Out of Range Reset Pulse 250 ms PWM Output 315 077 us Period Restore 10 ms 38 ms Restore command also Default initiates a soft reset so EEPROM monitoring CTS is the best Command indication of a completed command Non Specific ms 10 ms Some AT Commands could AT Command wait indefinitely for a response Write Flash For FW Upgrade Read Flash Decry
49. er AT Command Mode Prior to sending this command the OEM Host must ensure that the transceiver s serial RX buffer is empty This can be accomplished by framing the command with rest periods equal to the Interface Timeout or greater depending on radio configuration If the buffer is not empty the radio might concatenate the string to existing data in the buffer and it will be sent over the RF Number of Bytes 4 Returned Exit AT Command Mode The OEM Host should send this command to exit AT Command mode and resume normal operation Number of Bytes 4 Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 45 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1 628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Returned Response lt OxCC gt 0x44 lt 0x41 gt 0x54 Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 46 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Enter Deep Sleep The OEM Host issues this command to put the module into a Sleep state to minimize current draw While sleeping the processor has all interfaces disabled including RF and serial Pin states are maintained while in sleep A reset of the radio soft or hard cancels any current sleep mode Two sleep modes are supported in the module PM2 and PM3 PM2 The module can either be awakened by the Sleep Interrupt pin Force 9600 going Low or the sl
50. erent Channels The RM024 utilizes an intelligent Frequency Hopping algorithm which ensures minimal interference between networks The possible interference between collocated networks is given by the equation Maximum number of interfering bins of collocated servers 1 For example with 10 collocated networks there will be up to 9 bins every hop cycle that are occupied by more than one network at the same time Although two or more networks might occupy the same hop bin at the same time there will truly only be interference if two or more radios from alternate networks are trying to transmit on the same bin at the same time in the same coverage area Adjustable RF Data Rate The RMO24 s RF data rate can be adjusted to provide a trade off between throughput and range All RMO24 Ox00 500 kbps 43 94 dBm 250 kbps 125 mw Ox01 280 kbps 79 95 dBm 120 kbps versions RMO24 X125 only All RMO24 0x03 280 kbps 43 95 dBm 120 kbps 1 Throughput is ideal one direction with no retransmissions All practical RF applications should allow for retransmission of data due to interference or less than ideal RF conditions Deciding which RF Data Rate to choose depends on the individual application The fast RF Data Rate will deliver much faster throughput but will have much less range In addition because the lower data rate solution uses more hops it is better situated for collocated networks In firmware version 1 2 5 and above the RF
51. ericas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 3 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Detailed Specifications Form Factor SMD ANT U FL Pluggable ANT U FL SMD U FL Pluggable U FL Antenna External antenna through U FL connector or dual antenna with integrated antenna and U FL Serial Interface Data Rate Baud rates from 1200 bps to 460800 bps Non standard baud rates are also supported Channels FCC 43 or 79 selectable channels CE 43 selectable channels Security Channelization System ID and Vendor ID Minimum Flash EEPROM Memory Endurance 1000 Write Erase Cycles Frequency Band 2400 2483 5 MHz RF Data Rate Raw 280 kbps or 500 kbps selectable Hop Bin Spacing 900 kHz over 79 hops 1500 kHz over 43 hops RF Technology Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Modulation MSK Maximum Output Power Conducted FCC 5 to 21 dBm selectable CE 3 5 to 18 dBm selectable Supply Voltage 2 3 3 6 V 50 mV ripple Current Draw 100 Tx 166 MA 85 mA 1 8 Tx when 40 mA 40 mA selected 100 Rx 36 mA 36 mA Rx average 9 5 mA 11 6 mA idle current Deep sleep 50 uA 50 UA Receiver Sensitivity 176 PER 95 dBm at 280 kbps RF Data Rate 94 dBm at 500 kbps RF Data Rate Range based on external 2 0 dBi Outdoor line of Indoor antenna at 280 kbps RF
52. es 0x4E Ox00 OxFF 0x03 Used by Remote I O mode to increase the odds of delivery of a Remote I O line update Sets the number of retries or attempts used to transmit a Remote I O line status Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless 31 Laird Technologies RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 change RF Profile 0x54 See RF RF Number Details Description Profile Data of Hops Rate 0x00 500 43 Valid for international use Kbps Can be selected on any PRM1xx product 0x01 280 79 For FCC Markets only This is Kbps the default settings for the PRM 110 111 120 121 0x03 280 43 This is the default setting for Kbps PRM 112 113 122 123 Superseded RF Data Rate addresses 0x51 0x53 in FW v1 3 and beyond Control 1 0x56 0x01 0x61 Settings are OxFF bit 7 Auto Destination on Beacons only only functional when Auto Destination is also enabled 0 Disable Radio will set destination based on any received Enable Radio will set destination based only on the beacon from the server bit 6 Disable Hop Frame 0 Disable Turns on Hop Frame Pin 1 Enable Turns off Hop Frame Pin bit 5 Reserved bit 4 Auto Destination 0 Use Destination Address 1 Use Auto Destination bit 3 Client Auto Channel 0 Disable Auto Channel 1 Enable Auto Channel bit 2 RTS 0 Disable RTS handshaking 1 Enable RTS handshaking bit 1
53. experiencing a byte gap equal to Interface Timeout that block of data is processed as a complete packet Every packet the transceiver sends over the RF contains extra header bytes not counted in the RF Packet Size Therefore it is much more efficient to send a few large packets than to send many short packets The maximum RF Packet Size is 239 bytes or OxEF at 500 kbps RF Data Rate and 96 bytes or Ox60 at 280 kbps RF Data Rate The RF Packet Size in Address Ox5A will not be used if Auto Config Address 0x56 bit O is enabled The default for the RF Data Rate will be used instead The RF Packet Size should not be set to less than 0x07 to ensure AT commands can still be issued RF Packet Size is also used by the radio to determine the number of data slots per hop In order to efficiently transmit data across the RF the radio will automatically add more data slots to the hop to correspond to a smaller RF Packet size The number of slots per hop is given in the table below 280 kbps 0x01 0x09 4 slots 280 kbps OxOA 0x25 3 slots 280 kbps 0x26 0x60 2 slots 500 kbps 0x01 OxOC 6 slots 500 kbps OxOD 0x25 5 slots 500 kbps 0x026 0x47 4 slots 500 kbps 0x48 Ox D 3 slots 500 kbps Ox7E OxEF 2 slots Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 17 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1 628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Tips The more slots per hop t
54. gth of this command is dictated by the dynamic memory heap If the heap is mostly free then a length of up to 700 bytes could be accepted However if the heap is full the command will return with an error or possibly no response at all if the heap is completely full Command OxCC lt OxC9 gt StartAddress 1 0 lt Length 1 0 gt Number of Bytes 5 Returned Response lt 0xCC gt lt 0xC9 gt Result lt StartAddress 1 0 gt lt Data gt Parameter Range lt StartAddress 1 0 gt 0x00 0x00 Ox3A OxFF lt Length 1 0 gt 0x00 0x00 0x02BC lt BytesToWrite gt The actual data being written lt Result gt 0x00 No Error 0x03 Command Timed Out Ox06 Bounds Exceeded Start Address Length is outside the image download area 0x04 Image Already Decrypted 0x02 Not Enough Free Memory try the command again with a shorter Length lt Data gt Contents of Flash Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 64 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Process to Manually Upgrade RM024 Using the above AT commands it is possible to upgrade a RMO24 over the UART from a microcontroller or other device The basic steps to do this are 1 Make sure the OEM Host has a copy of an encrypted binary firmware upgrade files 2 Erase the Existing flash on the RM024 Command OxCC OxC Response OxCC OxC 3 Write binary
55. he less likely that retries will occur on a new frequency this may reduce the effectiveness of the module as a Frequency Hopping radio Idle current consumption will increase as more slots are added You need fo use the same number of slots for every radio on the network Full duplex still only reserves the first slot for the server If there are 6 slots the first slot is reserved for the server to transmit and the remainder is shared by the clients RS 485 Data Enable The Timing of the DE RE pin will vary depending on the Interface Baud Rate selected Prior to firmware v2 2 these parameters are set automatically if Auto Config is enabled If Auto Config is Disabled these values must be set correctly even if RS 485 Data Enable is not being used In v2 2 and beyond these parameters are not controlled by Auto Config but instead by Address 0x57 bit 5 The values to set are 485 Delay_H Address 0x49 485 Delay M Address 0x4A 485 Delay L Address Ox4B To set them use the equation round the result up Address 0x49 and Ox4A 485H M 8 125 MHz 81 Baud_Rate quotient only Address Ox4B 485L 8 125MHz Baud Rate mod 81 So for 19 200 you should calculate 00 05 12 Flow Control Although flow control is not required for transceiver operation it is recommended to achieve optimum system performance and to avoid overrunning the RMO24 s serial buffers The RMO24 Uses separate buffers for incoming and o
56. ialize Initializes PWM Output GIO 3 at boot to this value Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 40 Europe 44 1 628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless Laird Technologies RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Remote I O OxC9 Ox00 OxFF OxFF Initialize High Settings are bit 7 Reserved Do not modify bit 6 Reserved Do not modify bit 5 RXD Initialize 0 RXD is initialized Low at boot 1 RXD is initialized High at boot bit 4 RTS Initialize 0 RTS is initialized Low at boot 1 RTS is initialized High at boot bit 3 CMD Data Initialize 0 CMD Data is initialized Low at boot 1 CMD Data is initialized High at boot bit 2 GIO 7 Initialize 0 GIO 7is initialized Low at boot 1 GIO_7 is initialized High at boot bit 1 GIO_8 Initialize 0 GIO_8 is initialized Low at boot 1 GIO_8 is initialized High at boot bit 0 GIO 4 Initialize 0 GIO 4is initialized Low at boot 1 GIO_4 is initialized High at boot 1 Pin 18 GIO 8 on board revisions 0050 00203 Rev 0 and 0050 00196 rev 2 and below is internally not connected This pin is unavailable as a GPIO on these boards Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 4 Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless Laird Technologies RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Remote I O OXCA Ox0O OxFF OxFF Settings are Initialize Low bit 7 Reserved Do not modify bit 6 Reserved Do not modify b
57. ile devices Portable Portable is a classification of equipment where the user in general will be within 20 cm of the transmitting antenna Portable equipment is further broken down into two classes within 2 5 cm of human contact and beyond 2 5 cm The RMO24 does not hold a portable approval classification due to its peak output power and modular approval restrictions Further RF evaluation is required by customers who want to use the RMO24 in portable applications Contact a qualified test house or a Laird Technologies representative for further information on this topic Reference FCC Part 2 1093 for further details on portable devices Maximum Permissible Exposure report has been created which shows the minimum distances for Public and Occupational use of the RMO24 Occupational Limit Minimum Distance 4cm Public Limit Minimum Distance 9cm Full MPE report available upon request OEM Responsibilities WARNING The OEM must ensure that FCC labeling requirements are met This includes a clearly visible label on the outside of the OEM enclosure specifying the appropriate Laird Technology FCC identifier for this product as well as the FCC notice below Contains FCC ID KQL RMO24 IC 2268C RMO24 The enclosed device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules and Industry Canada License Exempt RSS Standard s Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 This device may not cause harmful interference and 2 This devi
58. images to flash Note that the firmware is loaded in multiple images The primary image the file denoted as 00 MUST be sent first The first write to memory location 0x800 or above will incur a 300 ms delay while the memory between addresses 0x800 and Ox3BFF is erased Because this memory contains active code the radio will now disconnect from the network until the upgrade process is completed While not end of binary file Command OxCC OxC4 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x80 80 bytes of data Response OxCC OxC4 0x00 0x00 0x00 Check EEPROM Write Command OxCC OxC9 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x80 Response OxCC 0xC 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x80 80 bytes of data Verify Read response is the same data that was written Increment start position Verify length Repeat steps a f until entire image has been loaded 4 Decrypt FW image Command OxCC OxC5 Response OxCC OxC5 0x00 5 Resetradio to begin using new FW image Command OxCC OxFF 6 Repeat steps 2 5 for each binary file API OPERATION API Operation is a powerful alternative to the default Transparent operation of the RM024 and provides dynamic packet accounting abilities to the OEM Host without requiring extensive programming by the OEM Host API operation utilizes specific packet formats The API features can be used in any combination that suits the OEM s specific needs and can be different between radios operating on the same network API Send Data Complete API Send Data Complete can be used as a software
59. ing a maximum gain of 9dBi The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms lem Part Number JL Mfg JL Type Gain ERI o WIC2450 A Laird Technologies NZH2400 MMCX Laird Technologies E ID2450 RS36 Laird Technologies Paai 9 IG2450 RS36 Laird Technologies omi 6 S151 6 PX 2450S The OEM is free to choose another vendor s antenna of like type and equal or lesser gain as an antenna appearing in the table and still maintain compliance Refer ence FCC Part 15 204 c 4 for further information on this topic To reduce potential radio interference to other users the antenna type and gain should be chosen so that the equivalent isotropically radiated power e i r p is not more than that permitted for successful communication Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 74 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Power Exposure Information In general there are two agency classifications for RF radiation exposure in wireless applications portable and mobile Mobile A mobile device is defined as a transmitting device designed to be used in such a way that a separation distance of at least 20 centimeters is normally maintained between the transmitter s radiating structures and the body of the user or nearby persons The RMO24 is fully modular approved for mobile and fixed applications Reference FCC Part 2 1091 for further details on mob
60. ion If both Broadcast Mode and Auto Destination are enabled the radio will send the RF packets in Broadcast Mode Command OxCC 0x15 Data Number of Bytes Returned 2 Response OxCC Auto Dest gt Parameter Range Auto Dest gt bit 7 Ignored bit 6 Ignored bit 5 Enable Modification of Auto Channel bit 4 Enable Modification of Auto Destination bit 3 Ignored bit 2 Ignored bit 1 Auto Channel bit 0 Auto Destination Read API Control The OEM Host issues this command to read the API Control byte Command lt OxCC gt lt 0x16 gt Number of Bytes 2 Returned Response lt OxCC gt API Control Parameter Range Auto Dest gt bits 7 3 0 bit 2 Send Data Complete Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 54 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 bit 1 Transmit API bit 0 Receive API Write API Control The OEM Host issues this command to write the API Control byte to enable or disable the API features Command OxCC 0x17 API Control Number of Bytes 2 Returned Response OxCC API Control Parameter Range Auto Dest gt bits 7 3 0 bit 2 Send Data Complete bit 1 Transmit API bit O Receive API Read Digital Inputs The OEM Host issues this command to read the state of both digital output lines Command Ox
61. it 5 TXD Initialize 0 IXD is initialized Low at boot 1 TXD is initialized High at boot bit 4 CTS Initialize 0 CTS is initialized Low at boot 1 CTS is initialized High at boot bit 3 GIO_2 Initialize 0 GIO_2 is initialized Low at boot 1 GIO_2 is initialized High at boot bit 2 GIO_3 Initialize 0 GIO_3 is initialized Low at boot 1 GIO_3 is initialized High at boot bit 1 GIO_1 Initialize 0 GIO_1 is initialized Low at boot 1 GIO_1 is initialized High at boot bit 0 GIO O Initialize 0 GIO_Ois initialized Low at boot 1 GIO_O is initialized High at boot D O B OxEO 4 Provides factory calibration and test date Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 42 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 CONFIGURING THE RM024 The RM024 can be configured using AT Configuration Commands These commands can be issued only in Command Mode Command Mode can be entered by setting the CMD Data pin of a transceiver Low or by issuing the Enter AT Command AT Commands There are four types of configuration supported by the RMO24 On the Fly commands for dynamic reprogramming of running memory EEPROM commands for making persistent changes to EEPROM Utility commands for dealing with Command Mode and Status Commands for querying the radio for information When in Command Mode the RF is still active and incoming RF packets are queued in the
62. ith Hardware Handshaking Enabled Verify that the Port Status in Port 1 is Open In the Radio Firmware Upgrade box select Firmware Upgrade In the Open File Window that appears select the appropriate RMO24 FW binaries When the download is successful a Success window will appear and the new firmware is now active 8 Send the lt OxCC gt lt 0x00 gt lt 0x02 gt command to the radio from the Command page to verify that all pages have been upgraded If this command reports an error locate the corresponding binary image and repeat this process with that file SU Osee Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 61 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 gt Se L T2510 Configuration Test Utility Configure Range Test ep Porti Settings Options Ge USB COM Po v Save Settings on Ext C TCP IP Po 1 J Clos V ReadhWrte with AT Commands Port Status Use Auto BaudfPort Port Prolific USB to Serial C Auto Archive EEPROM Settings Monitor UDP for new devices Baud Rate 115200 Product Parity None recommended M Product LT2510 M Handshaking Hardware recommended v Data Bis 8 D Stop Bits D Port2 Settings Enabled Add Find Ports Ports Step 5 Step 8 Radio Firmware Up Read Radio to Image Hendshaking Hardware recommended Blename Porti Open COM1 115 200 8 N 1 RTS Poet High CT
63. ith other radios with the same set Vendor ID The Vendor ID is a protected EEPROM parameter and its value cannot be read It can only be written once OEMs should be aware that improperly setting the Vendor ID can cause communication issues Setting the Vendor ID to an unknown setting will effectively render the radio unable to communicate in a network Note The Vendor ID is a one time write parameter it cannot be read 9600 Boot Option EEPROM 0x57 bit 0 When enabled 9600 Boot Option causes the 9600 pin to be ignored on cold boot power up and brown out conditions Therefore the 9600 pin is only observed on warm boots reset pin toggled This can be helpful so that brown out conditions don t cause the baud rate to change if the 9600 pin happens to be Low at the time When 9600 Boot Option is disabled the 9600 pin will be used for warm and cold boots as well as brown out conditions Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 29 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 EEPROM PARAMETERS The RM024 utilizes a server client network architecture to synchronize the frequency hopping Each network must have one radio configured as a server and all other radios configured as clients When a radio is configured as a server it will transmit a beacon at the beginning of each hop Radios configured as clients will default to a receive mode where they are
64. led Disable Status Bin EEPROM OxC1 bit 4 When set disables the reception on the status slot of the bin The result is that the Bin Analyzer and Remote O functionality will be disabled on the radio with the benefit of saving approximately 1 mA average current consumption Discard Framing Error Packets EEPROM 0x57 bit 7 When set the radio checks for a framing error in the UART buffer before processing incoming data If an error is detected on any of the bytes in the buffer the entire buffer is discarded Full Duplex EEPROM 0x56 bit 1 In Half Duplex mode the transceiver will send a packet out over the RF immediately This can cause packets sent at the same time by a server and a client to collide with each other over the RF To prevent this Full Duplex Mode can be enabled This mode reserves a transmit slot for the server If the server does not have any data to transmit clients are permitted to transmit during that time If the server does have data to send clients will not be permitted to transmit during that slot Likewise the server will not be able to transmit during a client slot Though the RF hardware is still technically half duplex it makes the transceiver seem full duplex This can cause overall throughputs to be cut in half Note All transceivers on the same network must have the same setting for Full Duplex Hop Packet Delineation EEPROM 0x57 bit 6 When enabled in addition to using RF Packet Size
65. lt all of these commands except PWM Output represent RSSI as that is a hexadecimal 2 s complement form Legacy RSSI detailed above can be enabled to provide the RSSI in a non 2 s complement form from 0x00 very weak signal to OxFF very strong signal The control commands for PNM output utilize a Legacy RSSI format from 0x00 to OxFF The RSSI values reported can be converted to a decibel value with the following formulas For Non Legacy values where the RSSI in Hexadecimal ranges from 0x80 to Ox7F fthis value is greater than or equal to 128 then RSSI d m RSSI Dec 256 2 RSSI Offset If this value is less than 128 then RSSI_dBm RSSI_Dec 2 RSSI Offset Where For Legacy RSSI the equation is RSSI d m RSSI Dec 128 2 RSSI Offset mRSSI Dec is the reported value represented in Decimal notation RSSI Offset 82 Reported RSSI values are meant as estimate and have an accuracy of 2 dBm The RSSI reported by various commands has an effective range of 25 dBm to 95 dBm outside of this range the accuracy is not maintained RSSI_ Control EEPROM 0x68 RSSI Control is a bit field used to control the output of the RSSI PWM output and what messages the radio reports on Note if Disable Hop Frame is Disabled so as to report Hop Frame it will be output on GO 0 pin 1 of SMT module so the PWM Output should not be set to output to that pin or conflicting signals will be sent on that output pin
66. lt 0xDF gt None and Soft Reset STATUS COMMANDS Status Request lt 0xCC gt lt 0x00 gt lt 0x00 gt OxCC Firmware Version Status Check Status Registry OxCC 0x00 0x01 OxCC Response 32bits Bin Analyzer OxCC lt Ox8F gt Data Optional NumRuns gt OxCC Data Read Temperature lt OxCC gt 0OxA4 OxCC Temperature ON THE FLY COMMANDS Change Channel OxCC 0x02 Channel OxCC Channel Change Server Client OxCC 0x03 Data OxCC Firmware Version Status Set Broadcast Mode OxCC 0x08 Data OxCC Data Read IRAM OxCC 0OxOA Location OxCC Value Write IRAM OxCC OxOB Location Value OxCC Location Value Write Destination OxCC 0x10 Dest Address OxCC Dest Address Address last thee bytes Read Destination OxCC 0x11 OxCC Dest Address Address Auto OxCC 0x15 Data OxCC Data Destination Channel Read API Control OxCC 0x16 OxCC API Control Write API Control OxCC 0x17 API Control OxCC API Control Read Digital Input OxCC 0x20 OxCC Data Read ADC OxCC 0x21 Data OxCC ADC Hi ADC Lo Get Last RSSI OxCC 0x22
67. nd OxCC lt 0x03 gt lt Data gt Number of Bytes 3 Returned Response OxCC Firmware Version gt lt Status gt Parameter Range Data 0x02 Server Ox03 Client Firmware Radio Firmware version Status 0x02 Server 0x03 Clients In Range 0x01 Client not In Range Set Broadcast Mode The Host issues this command to set the addressing mode in the radio If both Broadcast Mode and Auto Destination are enabled the radio will send the RF packets in Broadcast Mode Command OxCC 0x08 Data Number of Bytes 2 Returned Response OxCC Data Parameter Range Data 0x00 Disable Broadcast Mode 0x01 Enable Broadcast Mode Read IRAM This command is used to view the IRAM contents The IRAM contains the active in memory copy of the EEPROM parameters Some of these fields are available for reading and writing to provide on the fly instantaneous setting of parameters Parameters changed via the IRAM commands will take effect immediately and will remain in effect until the radio is reset IRAM changes do not persist after a reboot Restrictions on the specific IRAM parameters are the same as for the EEPROM parameters Available locations in IRAM are Range Refresh Ox3D RF Channel Ox41 Interface Timeout 0x58 RF Packet Size Ox5A CTS On H Ox5C CTS_On_L Ox5D Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 5 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2
68. ntended receivers Transparent to the OEM host the transmitter will send the RF packet to the receivers If a receiver detects a packet error it will throw out the packet This will continue until the transmitter exhausts all of its attempts Once the receiver successfully receives the packet it will send the packet to the OEM host It will throw out any duplicates caused by further Broadcast Attempts The received packet will only be sent to the OEM host if it is received free of errors Because broadcast packets have no RF acknowledgement each packet is transmitted Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 21 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 the number of times specified by Broadcast Attempts This makes for very inefficient use of the available bandwidth therefore it is recommended that Broadcast Attempts be set as Low as possible and that broadcast packets be limited in use Note Setting to O is equal to 256 Destination Address EEPROM 0x79 0x75 The Destination Address is simply the MAC IEEE address of the intended receiver on the network In Addressed Mode the RF packet is sent out to the intended receiver designated by the Destination Address Only the four LSBs Least Significant Bytes of the Destination Address are actually used for packet delivery This field is ignored if Broadcast Mode Auto Destination or Transmit API is enab
69. ome modes of operation it should not be permanently pulled Low during normal operation up RESET UP Reset provides a direct connection to the reset pin on the RMO24 microprocessor and is used to force a hard reset For a valid reset reset must be asserted Low for an absolute minimum of 250 ns Command Data When logic High the transceiver interprets incoming serial data as transmit data to be sent to other transceivers When logic Low the transceiver interprets incoming serial data as command data When logic Low data packets from the radio will not be transmitted over the RF interface however incoming packets from other radios will still be received Enabling CMD Data RX Disable in the EEPROM will cause incoming RF packets to be queued by the receiving radio while CMD Data is Low When CMD Data goes High the data will be sent over the serial interface Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 11 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 In_Range The In Range pin will be driven Low when a client radio s frequency hopping is synchronized with that of a server In Range will always be driven Low on a server Following boot In Range will transition Low in approximately 12 ms on a server For a client the In Range will take an average of 500 ms this time is dependent on the signal strength of the received beacon the presence and strength of
70. ontouring the o 07 ER 43 AAT EIERE EIS HET P RP 43 Billy e cl nl neue MP 45 Ste UE e Lu ue ee n M 48 Command DescriptiOriss csi ei hehehe wees dota Nhu ba pod dae bedi eda Dade as bea pecus 50 Sleeve Ile ele E 61 GM c 61 Upgrading Via Windows OEM Configuration Ulf 61 Upgrading FW gel ue ele E 62 Command Descip ele 62 Process to Manually Upgrade RMO24 ce cessesscesscssscssecesecesecssecesecesecesecesecesecsecesecesecesesesssesesessenseeeaeees 65 APlODGIONlON BEE 65 APL SENG DOLE ombplete use perte te trt ee Pet edo pati Cue tea cesadeeadenaetead dedeeadeaae ERR Td nud epa teats 65 API Rec ive POCKET 66 AP Ironsro M PO CK ST sisi ccs RERO RR 67 Mechanical CONnSIDECilONs RM ERR 69 tree EEN ee 69 Note on Mechanical Drewlrnigs eet died Mais e ada sais ieee Maden adie Ze EE 69 Iere irerelleieliasrolllolpee E 73 PrOGUCT B ola NUM ME REPE 73 Approved Antenna List cssccssccsssessecssscsssesssessccsssesssesssesssesssesseesseeees Error Bookmark not defined FCC IC Requirements for Modular AppDrOvOl 74 OEM Equipment Labeling Requirements sessessessessessessessessessessessessesses Error Bookmark not defined Antenna Re Un Ne EE 75 Warnings Required in OEM Momnuos Error Bookmark not defined Regulatory glo et ln e S 74 CE Approved Antenne List ceret teer eter pe studere eee ds Error Bookmark no
71. ope 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 SERIAL FIRMWARE UPGRADES Overview In FW versions 1 3 x and above it is possible to upgrade the active firmware running on the module via the serial interface The Windows OEM Configuration Utility v5 07 and above can perform this operation for modules with access to a PC but for embedded applications it may be necessary for the OEM to program the FW upgrade through a microcontroller Upgrade of the FW over the air is not supported on the RM024 The firmware upgrade procedure will not affect the radio EEPROM settings except to update the version number Upgrading Via Windows OEM Configuration Utility Upgrading through the OEM Configuration Utility is a straight forward process The PC Settings tab has an option when the RMO24 is the selected product to perform a Radio Firmware Update This section of the OEM software can be used to upgrade the FW of the radio connected to Port 1 of the software To perform a firmware upgrade follow these steps 1 Connect the Development Kit or other interface board with the RM024 to the PC 2 Select the Find Ports button then select the appropriate Windows Comm Port from the drop down Note If the appropriate port doesn t appear use the Add Ports button to add the port manually then repeat step 2 3 Set the correct settings for the radio in Port 1 By default this is 115 200 8 N 1 w
72. ower transmit power consumption and the number of RF Channels available Differences between the two versions where applicable will be denoted based on part number This document contains information about the hardware and software interface between a Laird Technologies RM024 transceiver and an OEM Host Information includes the theory of operation specifications interface definitions configuration information and mechanical drawings Note Unless mentioned specifically by name the RM024 modules will be referred to as radio or transceiver Individual naming is used to differentiate product specific features The host PC Microcontroller Any device to which the RM024 module is connected will be referred to as OEM Host or Host Key Features Retries and acknowledgements Configurable network parameters Multiple generic I O 280 kbps or 500 kbps RF data stream Idle current draw of 9 5 mA sleep current of 50 UA Software selectable interface baud rates from 1200 bps to 460 8 kbps Upgradable FW through serial port Low cost low power and small size ideal for high volume portable and battery powered applications All modules are qualified for Industrial temperatures 40 C to 85 C Advanced configuration available using AT commands Easy to use Configuration amp Test Utility software Switchable antenna output either integrated antenna or external antenna through U FL Am
73. parent to the transceiver host which contain system timing information This timing information synchronizes the client radio frequency hopping to the server Each network should consist of only one server Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 23 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Nine Bit Mode EEPROM 0x57 bit 1 With Nine Bit mode disabled the transceiver communicates over the asynchronous serial interface in 8 N 1 format 8 data bits No parity 1 stop bit Some systems require a parity or 9th data bit Enabling Nine Bit Mode causes the transceiver to communicate using 8 1 1 format 8 data bits 1 parity bit 1 stop bit In this mode the transceiver will not validate the parity bit but simply transmits it over the RF This is useful as some systems use the ninth bit as an extra data bit and not just a parity bit However because the ninth bit is transmitted over the RF enabling Nine Bit Mode cuts the transceiver interface buffer size by 1 9 and reduces the RF bandwidth by the same ratio Random Backoff EEPROM 0xC3 The transceivers utilize a Carrier Sense Multiple Access CSMA protocol with Random Backoff and a programmable back off seed Therefore in the event of a collision the transceiver will back off and retry the packet Specifically when two transceivers collide with each other transmitting packets at the same time each tran
74. pt Image Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 9 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1 628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 RF Hop Frame The RMO24 will hop every 13 19 ms and can be configured for two different RF Data Rates to provide options for range or throughput During each hop the RMO24 reserves a certain amount of time for overhead such as the synchronization beacon internal messaging and user data transmission The diagrams below outline the various transmissions that occur during a hop These transmissions are transparent to the user sending data but may be useful for applications that require critical timing User data is only transmitted during the data slots and after the Interface Timeout or RF Packet Size criteria has been met Data transmission will only begin at the beginning of a data slot When configured for Full Duplex data slot 1 is reserved for the server and data slot 2 is shared by all clients for transmissions RF Data Rate 500kbps Se ne ov on oo re U seg eez xew z 01S 880 1 19ms 4 89ms 4 89ms 2 22ms RF Data Rate 280kbps seg 96 xen 190S eq seXg 96 xen zs GEO 13 19ms Figure 2 RF Hop Frame Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 10 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 HARDWARE INTERFACE Pin Descriptions RXD and TX
75. r bake procedure Figure 8 Moisture Content Warning Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 72 Europe 44 1 628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless Laird Technologies RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 ORDERING INFORMATION Product Part Numbers Table 3 RM024 Part Numbers RMO24 S125 C 01 SMT RMO24 S125 M 01 SMT RMO24 P125 C 01 RMO24 P125 M 01 RMO24 550 C 01 SMT RMO24 S50 M 01 SMT RMO24 P50 C 01 RMO24 P50 M 01 Pluggable Pluggable Pluggable Pluggable 125 mW 125 mW 125 mW 125 mw 50 mw CE 50 mW CE 50 mW CE 50 mW CE Table 4 RM024 Development Kits Part Numbers U FL Jack Chip Antenna U FL Jack Chip Antenna U FL Jack Chip Antenna U FL Jack Chip Ant RMO24125CO1 RMO24125MOI RMO24125CO01 RMO24125MOI RM02450C01 RMO2450MOI RMO2450CO01 RMO2450MOI Full Development Kit with one USB Eval Boad and one RS FCC IC DVK RM024 8S125 C 232 Eval Board containing the RM024 S125 C 01 radios Full Development Kit with one USB Eval Boad and one RS FCC IC DVK RM024 8S125 M 232 Eval Board containing the RM024 S125 M 01 radios Full Development Kit with one USB Eval Boad and one RS CE FCC IC DVK RM024 S50 C 232 Eval Board containing the RM024 S50 C 01 radios Full Development Kit with one USB Eval Boad and one RS CE FCC IC DVK RM024 S50 M 232 Eval Board containing the RM024 S50 M 01 radios Full Development Kit with on
76. radio until Command Mode has been exited If in Command Mode via the CMD Data pin and Command Data RX Disable has been disabled incoming RF packets will not be queued and will be sent to the host immediately AT Commands sent to the RMO24 must still adhere to the interface guidelines specified by the Interface Timeout and RF Packet Size For this reason standard terminal emulators such as Hyperterminal cannot be used to configure the RMO24 Manually typing AT Commands will cause the Interface Timeout to be reached between characters and the command will be discarded if already in Command Mode or transmitted if not AT commands should be issued either with the Laird Technologies OEM Configuration Utility or sent directly from a microcontroller or other host When an invalid command is sent the radio discards the data and no response is sent to the OEM Host Table 8 below shows a quick summary of the basic configuration and diagnostic commands available on the RMO24 For detailed command information please refer to the Command Descriptions immediately following the Quick Reference Table On the Fly Control Commands The RM024 transceiver contains memory that holds many of the parameters that control the transceiver operation Using the On the Fly command set allows many of these parameters to be viewed and changed during system operation Because the memory these commands affect is dynamic when the transceiver is reset these parameters will revert
77. s C during reflow soldering Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 69 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Keep erae under the module free of other Components or any aces and copper on the outer layer PCB Mounting Top View Koep shaded area free of any components traces copper and vias on ALL layers of the pc board Also avoid any metal above below or near the antenna d 11 43 and T y La coe Te NE 8 2362 27 18 25 40 44 45 1 Llc b BB Bg sa L Riva RF Sheld 2 00 typ 4 19 UEL Connector 358 Blackchip Amenna 0 79 0 00 e U FL Connector 2540 25 40 Pad Detail j 19 56 15 72 2 00 typ 9 68 3 17 T 0 00 0 00 4 is 1 78 Figure 6 Form Factor SMT RM024 RM0240SXXX M 01 Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 70 Europe 44 1 628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless Laird Technologies RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Side View U FL Connector Blackchip RF Shield Antenna l I a 8 08 7 47 i HILAL AAA i UUUUUUUTI 200 typ 282 3 20 T 52 I 4 25 58 4 39 62 9j e UEL Connactor Top View Blackchip Antenna 22 86 P D 0 0 0 2
78. s on Remote Analog Enable bit 1 Enable GIO 8 GIO 1 Pair 0 Disable GIO 8 GIO 1 Pair for Remote I O Mode bit 0 Enable GIO_4 GIO_0 Pair 0 Disable GIO 4 GIO 0 Pair for Remote I O Mode 1 Enable GIO 4 GIO 0 Pair for Remote I O Mode may affect Hop Frame output 1 Pin 18 GIO 8 on board revisions 0050 00203 Rev 0 and 0050 00196 rev 2 and bels WP is temi Rot connected This pin is unavailable as a GPIO on these boards RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Max Power 0x63 0x00 0x00 Used to increase decrease the 0x03 output power PRM110 111 120 121 PRM112 113 122 123 0x00 21 dBm typical 0x00 17dBm typical 0x01 17 dBm typical 0x01 14 dBm typical 0x02 14 dBm typical 0x02 11 dBm typical 0x03 11 dBm typical 0x03 8 dBm typical Note The transceivers are shipped at maximum allowable power RSSI High Ox00 OxFF OxFF Sets the High threshold for RSSI If the Threshold 0x65 RSSI is above RSSI Threshold High then High OxFF 100 Duty Cycle will be written to the PWM Output See RSSI Output on PWM for more details RSSI 0x66 Ox00 OxFF 0x50 Sets the Low threshold for RSSI If the Threshold RSSI is below RSSI Threshold Low then Low 0x00 0 Duty Cycle will be written to the PWM Output See RSSI Output on PWM for more details RSSI Lag Ox67 Ox00 OxFF 0x40 Constant controlling the rate of change of the PWM Output Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 36 Laird Technologies Europe
79. sceiver will choose a random number of packet times that it will wait before retrying the packet Ideally they will each choose a different number and will be successful in the next transmission A good rule of thumb is to set Random Backoff to a number slightly larger than the maximum number of transceivers that would be expected to be transmitting at the same time Range Refresh EEPROM Ox3D Range refresh specifies the maximum amount of time a transceiver will report In Range without having heard a server s beacon It is adjustable in hop periods Do not set to O Remote I 0 Mode Address 0x57 bit 3 Remote I O Mode allows GPIOs on two radios to be joined together so their states will be reflected on the other radio Enabling Remote I O Mode will allow the local radio to transmit its GPIO states whenever there is a change The states will be transmitted to the radio specified by the Destination Address or as a Broadcast if Broadcast mode is enabled State information will only be transmitted when there is a change on one of the enabled Digital Inputs The states will be retransmitted up to the number of specified Utility Retries Address Ox4E Any changes to the Digital Inputs that occur while a Utility retransmission is occurring will not be transmitted unless the change persists until all Utility retries have been sent or an acknowledge was received Therefore this feature should only be used for slow moving changes that occur less than the
80. stem ID EEPROM 0x76 System ID is similar to a password character or network number and makes network eavesdropping more difficult A receiving transceiver will not go in range of or communicate with another transceiver on a different System ID System ID can be ignored on a client by enabling Auto System ID Transmit Retries EEPROM 0x4C When transmitting addressed packets the RF packet is sent out to the receiver designated by its destination address Transmit Retries is used to increase the odds of successful delivery to the intended receiver Transparent to the OEM host the transmitter will send the RF packet to the intended receiver If the receiver receives the packet free of errors it will send the transmitter an acknowledgement If the transmitter does not receive this acknowledgement it will assume the packet was never received and retry the packet This will continue until the packet is successfully received or the transmitter exhausts all of its retries The received packet will only be sent to the OEM host if and when it is received free of errors Note Setting to 0 is equal to 256 Unicast Only EEPROM 0xC1 bit 3 To prohibit transceivers from receiving broadcast packets Unicast Only can be enabled Unicast Only restricts the transceiver to only receive addressed packets Vendor ID The Vendor ID like the System ID can be used to uniquely identify a network Radios with the Vendor ID set will only communicate w
81. t defined CE Tested Antenna List ccessescsecssessesssscssecssecssesssesseesssesssesssessensseess Error Bookmark not defined Japan Approved Antenna List nennen Error Bookmark not defined Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 g Laird Technologies Europe 44 1 628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Indications of Symbols on Eoutpment Error Bookmark not defined RMO24 Firmware FIST ONY e sssrin rE erii PENE EAEE E E EENE E PiN ES e S EESE E 76 RAMP MODULES Laird Technologies RAMP Range Amplified MultiPoint modules are designed to provide robust wireless communications for any number of applications requiring a wireless transport for serial data RAMP modules feature a Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum FHSS protocol for excellent interference and multipath immunity RAMP modules Server Client architecture allows for more than 16 million clients to be addressed and communicating within the network Overview The RM024 RAMP module is based on Laird Technologies LT2510 core technology enhanced with a new RF front end for improved sleep improved link budget and a switchable antenna output The RM024 is available in two versions one with 125 mW maximum conducted output power and approved for North American and similar markets and one with 50 mW maximum conducted output power and approved for European and similar markets These modules are identical except for output p
82. ta Complete Packet Format API Receive Packet By default the source MAC is not included in the received data string sent to the OEM Host For applications where multiple radios are sending data it may be necessary to determine the origin of a specific data packet When API Receive Packet is enabled all packets received by the transceiver will include the MAC address of the source radio as well as an RSSI indicator which can be used to determine the link quality between the two API Receive Packet is enabled when bit 0 of the API Control Address OxC1 byte is enabled Upon receiving a RF packet the radio sends its OEM Host the data as shown in Figure 4 Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 66 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Start Delimiter Request 0x81 Data Byte 3 Reserved Byte 4 Received RSSI Byte 5 7 3 LSBs of Sender s MAC Address Bytes 8 n Payload Data Figure 4 Receive API Packet Format API Transmit Packet API Transmit Packet is a powerful API Mode that allows the OEM Host to send data to a single or multiple via Broadcast transceivers on a packet by packet basis This can be useful for many applications including polling networks and mesh networks API Transmit Packet is enabled when bit 1 of the API Control address OxC 1 byte is enabled The OEM should pre pend each packet of data with the following
83. the transceiver has data to send to the host it will assert DE RE High send the data to the host and then take DE RE Low PWM Output PWM output can be configured to output on any of three pins SMT Pins 5 6 or 7 The PWM Output can optionally produce a pulse width modulation for RSSI with a period of 315 077 uS Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 12 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 THEORY OF OPERATION Server Client Architecture The RM024 utilizes server client network architecture to synchronize the frequency hopping Each network must have one radio configured as a server and all other radios configured as clients When a radio is configured as a server it will transmit a beacon containing timing and identification information at the beginning of each hop The beacon is never visible to the OEM host Upon boot radios configured as clients will enter receive mode where they are scanning the available frequencies listening for a beacon from a server in their network When a client detects the server s beacon the client will synchronize its frequency hopping to that of the server and transition the InRange pin Low When the server and the client are synchronized they can begin transferring data Each network consists of one and only one server Multiple networks can exist in the same area provided the networks are configured on diff
84. to transmit or receive serial data If this pair is enabled Force 9600 must be Low at boot to disable Remote 1 0 if serial communications are desired Bit O set GIO_4 GIO_O Bit 1 set GIO 8 GIO 1 Bit 2 set GIO 7 GIO 3 Bit 3 set CMD Data GIO 2 Bit 4 set RTS CTS Bit 5 set RXD TXD Bit 6 clear Bit 7 All I O are Outputs clear Bit 6 set Bit 7 clear All O are Inputs Bit 7 set Inputs and outputs are as specified in table 1 GIO 8 Pin 18 on board revisions 0050 00203 Rev 0 and 0050 00196 rev 2 and below is internally not connected This pin is unavailable as a GPIO on these boards Tips When using GIO 7 GIO 3 Pairs the input output will be digital unless Remote Analog Enable bit is set Address 0x57 bit 4 in which case the input is Analog and the output is PWM e TXD and RXD are not available for UART serial data when used as in Remote I O Force 9600 must be Low on boot to disable Remote I O Mode and issue commands e When not using pairs bit 7 clear one radio should have all I O as inputs and the other radio or radios should have all I O as output Remote I O Mode must be enabled on both the local and remote radio and the Remote I O Control Bit must be set for the same pair on both radios e All I O state information for all lines is transmitted when any update is triggered Thus on the receiving radio any enabled output pins will be updated regardless of whether those pins were enable
85. tten to the PWM Output as a signal strength indicator The output pin to use the threshold range for the RSSI and the RSSI Type reported can all be configured through EEPROM Addresses The PWM Output has a 315 077 uS period The duty cycle is set by the RSSI value recorded by the transceiver and the RSSI Threshold High and RSSI Threshold Low values RSSI Threshold High EEPROM 0x65 The upper limit of the recorded RSSI reading RSSI Values reported above this value strong signals will report a 100 Duty Cycle on the PWM Output To calculate the thresholds use the equation RSSI Dec RSSI dBm 82 2 128 Then convert this from Decimal to Hexadecimal notation Sleep Indicator EEPROM 0x45 bit 6 When enabled GIO 1 will toggle Low during sleep and high when the module is awake Sniff Permit EEPROM 0x45 bit 0 Sniff Permit will allow a radio to receive a data packet from another radio on the network regardless of the Destination MAC Adaress in the packet This allows an OEM to create a Sniffer for all network traffic Sniff Permit would need to be enabled on the transmitting radio to grant its permission to be heard Sniff Report and Sniff Permit would need to be enabled on the sniffer radio to cause it to send sniffed packets out the serial port Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 28 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Sy
86. ult radio operation mode API Mode API Mode is an alternative to the default Transparent operation of the RMO24 and provides dynamic packet routing and packet accounting abilities to the OEM Host without requiring extensive programming by the OEM Host API Mode utilizes specific frame based packet formats specifying various vital parameters used to control radio settings and packet routing on a packet by packet basis The API features can be used in any combination that suits the OEM s application specific needs The RMO24 has three API functions Send Data Complete Receive API Transmit API For additional details and examples please refer to the API Operation section of this manual Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 14 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Command Mode Command Mode is used to configure and poll for status of the transceiver Command mode can be entered by issuing the Enter AT Command string or by setting the CMD Data pin Low Details of using Command Mode to configure the RMO24 are detailed in Configuring the RMO24 Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 15 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 Serial Interface Baud Rate In order for the OEM Host and a transceiver to communicate over the serial interface they ne
87. utgoing data RXD Data Buffer and CTS As data is sent from the OEM Host to the radio over the serial interface it is stored in the RMO24 s buffer until the radio is ready to transmit the data packet The radio waits to transmit the data until one of the following conditions occur whichever occurs first The RF packet size is reached EEPROM address 0x5A An Interface Timeout occurs EEPROM address 0x58 The data continues to be stored in the buffer until the radio receives an RF Acknowledgement ACK from the receiving radio addressed mode or all transmit retries broadcast attempts have been utilized Once an ACK has been received or all retries attempts have been exhausted the current data packet is removed from the buffer and the radio will begin processing the next data packet in the buffer To prevent the radio s RXD buffer from being overrun it is strongly recommended that the OEM Host monitor the radio s CTS output When the number of bytes in the RXD buffer reaches the value specified by CTS ON EEPROM address Ox5C Ox5D the radio de asserts High CTS to Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 18 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wireless RM024 User Manual Version 2 0 signal to the OEM Host to stop sending data over the serial interface CTS is re asserted after the number of bytes in the RXD buffer is reduced to the value specified by CTS_OFF EEPROM addresses
88. written by another enabled function such as Hop Frame Command OxCC 0x23 Number of Bytes 2 Returned Response OxCC Digital Out Parameter Range Digital Out bit 1 GIO 1 bit 0 GIO 0 Write PWM Output The PWM output is a square wave with a 630 1 uS period The PWM ratio is the ratio of the high pulse time to the Low pulse time A value of 0x00 will output a continuous Low signal A ratio of OxFF will output a continuous high signal A ratio of 0x80 will put out a repeating pulse of 315 05 uS high and 315 05 uS Low Command OxCC 0x24 PWM Ratio Number of Bytes 2 Returned Response OxCC 0x24 Parameter Range lt PWM Ratio 0x00 OxFF the ratio of the high pulse versus the Low pulse for a single period Set Max Power The OEM Host issues this command to adjust the maximum output power Max Power settings are typical and can vary by 2 dBm The maximum output power will never exceed 8 dBm for PRM210 211 220 221 or TBD for PRM212 213 222 223 Command OxCC lt 0x25 gt lt Max Pwr gt Number of Bytes 2 Returned Response OxCC lt Max Pwr gt Parameter Range lt Max Power gt PRM210 211 220 221 PRM212 213 222 223 0x00 7 5 dBm typical 0x00 TBD 0x01 4 dBm typical 0x01 TBD 0x02 0 dBm typical 0x02 TBD Americas 1 800 492 2320 Option 3 57 Laird Technologies Europe 44 1628 858 940 Hong Kong 852 2923 0610 www lairdtech com wir

RAMP Wireless Module RM024

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