Digital Atlas User Manual
Contents
1. Global Water for Sustainability RAM FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE User Guide 2015 Water Resources Digital Atlas To the Wami Ruvu and Coastal River Basins Tanzania 5 00 S_ RAILWAY STATION 756 6 adini aqa oyo SBEVVJI 640 4 BUNGO MAJI 1034 Es Salaam 7 15 S_ 7 30 S _ TATER MISGKI y 7 45 S__ Tanzania Integrated Water Sanitation and Hygiene WASH program CA ji FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miamis public research university USAID FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE Global Water for Sustainability OGRAM User Guide 2014 Water Resources Digital Atlas of the Wami and Ruvu River basins Tanzania Digital ATLASI of the Wami and Ruvu River Basin Tanzania 2014 Global 4 S Water for Tanzania iWASH program XC Sustainability Global Water for Sustainability Program Florida International University 3000 NE 151 Street Miami FL 33181 USA Wami Ruvu Basin Water Office Morogoro Tanzania What the ATLASi is A geospatial Information gateway on all sectors connected with water resources Climate and monitoring stations surface water features water infrastructure water use forests biodiversity geology administration transport settlements population demography vulnerability Features at a glance No internet connection necessary to run Atlas e Atlas can be installed on any operating system as a self contained set o2. Eastern Arc mountains over this period on account of reserved forests there and areas outside the reserved forests were deforested before 2000 Even so there is continued deforestation Each red dot is at a 30 30 mscale Mammals ranges are shown for each mammal along with the IUCN population conservation status for the species The user can change the display style from a range area to a point located at the centroid of the range in the interests of decreasing the display overlap between species ranges Zooming into an area of interest also reduces the overlap of polygons representing individual species ranges Reptiles Similar to mammals Amphibians of special relevance to water since amphibians need functioning aquatic ecosystems to exist Both water quality and flow regime are fundamental to maintaining the structure and function of an aquatic ecosystem To get an idea of the relative sizes of ranges of each species click on Charts Available on the upper right panel that shows a graph of the area Aquatic macroinvertebrates and fish a survey was carried out in wet and dry seasons of 2007 and 2011 at six sites on the Wami river and 5 sites on the Ruvu not shown presently These six sites were chosen from the headwaters to close to the estuarine end and hence represent different stages of the river One can select either the aquatic invertebrate or the fish layer from the left side panel under LEGEND th
3. macroinvertebrates requires knowledge of the invertebrate diversity in pristine free flowing streams as a reference or control to which other streams are compared and the condition evaluated These are also the areas that provide habitat to wildlife and plants in different degrees of protection human disturbance In addition croplands with trees also provide varying degrees of habitat to a subset of the species of birds small mammals reptiles amphibians and insects However shrinking and fragmentation of forest cover and increasing distance between wildlands and croplands suggests the likely loss of all species except generalists that can survive in disturbed habitats This section includes maps of known sightings in the WR basin taken from reports that are included in the Literature section of this Atlas Source various Forest Cover Change these maps are based upon classification of Landsat satellite images of the WR Basin over 2000 2012 by Hansen et al 2013 and displayed using Google Earth Engine The forest cover change layer shows the forest cover in the year 2000 in green forest increase in blue and forest loss in red The second map shows just the forest cover loss Most of the deforestation Digital Atlas User Manual over 2000 2012 has occurred in the lowland forests or miombo woodlands savannahs between Morogoro and Dar es Salaam primarily for extensive charcoal production Relatively less deforestation has happened in the
4. 137 30 E 38 00 E 38 30 E 39 00 E 39 30 E l lL 100km Map shown in WGS_1984 _UTM_Zone_37S Mouse coordinate 487 120 5 9 334 465 0 Digital Atlas User Manual On the right side Define value ranges to be painted in different colors choose a color scheme as desired Click on Classify method Manual and decide how many classes are needed usually 5 10 are adequate Then click on each elevation class decide upon a color and adjust the text for the legend label One can put red for the elevation range closest to sea level to easily identify the most vulnerable zones 4 2 River flow analysis and comparison Clicking flow stations hydrological monitoring stations on the map with the T button crosshair cursor will bring up the plots of the monthly river discharges averaged from 1950s to 2012 WRBWO data This allows comparison of the seasonal magnitudes of flow in different tributaries of the Wami and Ruvu river systems 4 3 Evapotranspiration analysis with land vegetation cover Examining the evapotranspiration map indicates the highest annual ET occurring in the EA mountains This is correlated with high incident rainfall and forest cover One can switch between ET and land cover maps at the same spatial resolution to observe the connection between land cover and ET 4 4 Borewells aquifers and fault zones A map of borewell locations gives an idea of where groundwater use is concentrated Monitoring wells are suggested
5. Q lists layers in a map theme as well as an Info tab for the overall map theme These layers can be clicked on or off to display in the right hafid side map panel he submenu for each layer allows the user to customize the appearance of each layer on the map to look at the underlying data in the attribute table to display statistics plots filter data and access information for that layer The map panel also has its own menu bar with controls to zoom and pan as well as display information specific to locations by clicking specific features such as monitoring stations From the field to the user s screen The process of Atlas development Spatial data whether hydrological ecological water use or demographic is collected and used to make shapefiles data geo referenced with geographic coordinates through GIS The shapefiles Shapefile are then imported into the Digital Atlas as layers Figure 3 Ready to GIS use shapefiles are also available from other sources both from Tanzania and internationally The Atlas is then saved and exported as a data driven executable Den S a Updates to the Atlas are possible by developers such as hydrologists pcos and technicians in the Basin Water Office with knowledge of GIS and a ue basic understanding of GeoPublisher that can be acquired in one day Figure 3 Atlas development steps Digital Atlas A universal tool The Digital Atlas can be utilized by a wide variety of users engaged
6. different layers for analysis of linkages eg Between evapotranspiration and land cover or between rainfall and discharge ee Climate WaterResources Public Health Admin Demographics Literature Help Legend info Towns A a Hr major town other town iy F Search Wetlands 4 iaAw Zoom in coastal areas for viewing mangrove dominated areas ___ Fresh water marsh D Lake WD Mangrove gt Tidal wetland estuary coastal rivers2014 shp af Y Hydrological Monitoring Stations AR On map Select T and then click on a station to see historical monthly discharge data Water level recording Perennial Rivers Old Map IAA Rivers flowing all year a a Seasonal Rivers Old Map MSN poo a Rivers that dry up in the dry season Ppoerana cay Fa ajian a a thos vente 4 owe 4 ii 1GB1A Oiwale Ngomeni Subcatchments ias 7 18 S o e Region and District boundaries oN i WRBasinBoundaryNOT Shaded AA i i aot Latest Wami Ruvu River Basin boundaries j i i i i i i LLL 137 30 s la7 4s 8 l3s oo s bse 1s s l3e s0 s lag 4as s l3s oo s las is s 100km Map shown in GCS WGS_1984 Mouse coordinate 37 5 6 3 Figure 2 The Atlas has a very intuitive Graphical User Interface The main menu GD consists of the sub menus File for saving screenshots of maps changing the language Landscape Ecosystem Climate Water Resources Public Health Administration Demographics and Literature The left panel
7. in those areas as well as in neighboring areas to monitor water table dynamics on a daily and seasonal basis FIU FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miamis public research university Global Water for Sustainability Program Florida International University Biscayne Bay Campus 3000 NE 151St ACI 267 North Miami FL 33181 USA Phone 1 305 919 4112 Fax 1 305 919 4117 http glows fiu edu
8. on the spanner wrench tool icon gt Style Digital Atlas User Manual e090 Topography and Digital Elevation Model Atlas of the Wami and Ruvu basins File Physical Features Biodiversity Climate Water resources Society and Economy Infrastructure Literature Help 00 RARIAIR Fa wrmosaic 1 tif IAA Da EA style E T remove Towns IAA 5 90 S_ Chandama major town Nondoto a iberas ni other town 5 30 S_ Haneti Samatwa Tamota Meia Meia ee Kwekivu Negero 6 0 S Makutapora we Njoge Tunguli phoma Kwanyange z i nga Mbwewe Sadani Chibwangula Turiani Dodoma Rubeho Mandera e Msagali Mkadini 6 30 S Idifu om Mindu Tulieni Bagamoyo E Kiwisa _ _Yombo Kibakwe Biera Kilosa Morogoro Kidugallo Soga Dar Es Salaam 7 00 S_ Mkuyuni Mangulubwida Mzenga Vikindu Msongozi Kibwegere Kikeo Mvuha Saungubweni Msanga Kikoboga 7 30 S_ Kisaki Dakawa 8 00 S_ l35 00 E 35 30 E 36 00 E 36 30 E 37 00 E 137 30 E 38 00 E 38 30 E 39 00 E 39 30 E l4 E E OOk Map shown in WGS_1984_UTM_Zone_37S Mouse coordinate 102 492 9 9 506 944 0 This opens the AtlasStyler window 4 Topography and Digital Elevation Model Atlas of the Wami and Ruvu basins File Physical Features Biodiversity Climate Water resources Society and Economy Infrastructure Literature Help wrmosaic 1 tif Info IAA 4 30 S__ VO KX g amp N A Search 7 AtlasStyler wrmosaic1 tif a e Usage mode eas
9. values of chemical water quality parameters sampled on those dates This layer can be updated with more water quality data to then make water quality maps 3 7 Public Health Nd Nd Nd LGAs Local Government Authorities jurisdiction map map of districts with demographic and area information iWASH water supply and sanitation interventions map showing locations of Sanitation interventions along with information on school name whether boys or girls school number of users served and so on Water and sanitation in the Basin map layers include households with access to improved water sources sanitation literacy life expectancy and infant Digital Atlas User Manual mortality number of deaths per thousand births Data is from the 2002 National census 3 8 Administration and Demographics Administrative regions wards districts and regions Population demographics a detailed census data map at the sub ward level is included here Sub wards are shown with street boundaries and population demographic socioeconomic information from each sub ward is available by clicking a particular sub ward with the i button selected after zooming in Information includes the population of each ward gender ratio economic level and nationalities of residents Transportation locations of cities and towns along with the road and railway network and bridges Village streets are available in another la
10. 2 3 Exploring the Atlas 2 3 1 Selecting a thematic map The user can select thematic maps from the menu bar on the top maps have been grouped as physical environment biodiversity climate water resources infrastructure society literature and help In addition there are pdf reports also included in the atlas which can be accessed from the menu tab literature These can also be accessed from many of the maps through internal links vu amp x eg Wami Ruvu basin subcatehments AS A Cw Towns O iss i 66466466666 m Seasonal Rivers Aye A Thematic maps are grouped under Environment Infrastructure Society and Economy imao gt _ OVewes tee age tee 1 ene eee wows 7 18 s a 3 z d E SE 7 i k e ee A list of relevant articles are available Start wow wikisqur J Geopublisher vi S Rivers and m 2 lt B49G0R88 sam Under Library The Atlas has a very intuitive Graphical User Interface whose features are explained in detgilin the User Manual The main menu O consists of the sub menus File for saving screenshots of maps changing the language Environment physical and ecological features monitoring stations Infrastructure Society amp Economy and Library for published articles The left panel lists layers in a map theme as well as an Information tab for the map theme These layers can be clicked on or off to display in the
11. BIR A A searen wrmocict rif sama i AtlasStyler wrmosaic1 tif j gt Define value ranges to be painted in different colors Town Usage mode easy _ expert Set colors and opacity for all Classify T la N ARa Band 1 4 z pe Z Opacity 1 0 Apply V Colors for value ranges l e098 Classify Classification 7 r Descriptive statistics 5 Method Quantiles Statistics on only every 63th r Fgpodani Count 3054915 Classes 5 4 Minimum 32 768 000 P Maximum 2 604 000 adini Sum 4 796 850 564 p moyo Mean 1 570 208 Kombo e NODATA Value null Median 548 000 480ga Qe Es Salaam Standard deviation 8 351 693 Add new Duplicate Remove gdal_ r Show Show AODA reuen gt Wikindu Columns 60 A m ie Hibwegese _ std dev mean Jgaungubweni Wisanga Update pre Break values n V automatic ides 8 1 000 000 Use the mouse buttons to change class L x L a breaks manually 750 000 Break values 500 000 250 000 4 absolute frequenc te 38 0 E 138 30 E 139 00 E I 39 30 E l4 30 000 20 000 10 000 values Mouse coordinate 151 649 4 9 293 070 0 Click on Classify to specify the ranges of values that comprise each class Colors are then specified for the classes for display There are several methods of classifying dat
12. N Uae nents EE EE a ATE A E AEE A EAE AE A E A 7 22 Landscape Physical Features asneira EE 7 TODOS AD My and Terrain SIO DS rsrsrsr rrean E E 7 a ECO ESO a EE e ee e 8 s SUIT ACS Water Fe UG sore E E E 9 w ENCO e A A E E E 9 3 3 Biodiversity Forest COVEI aera centres rob scree naceniet EE tunwielatacaannedontacaucviasnntiettaee 9 Forest reserves and national DAL KS eeeessessssrrrrrrrrsesesssssssrrrrtttrrrrrereeusssssrrrrrtttrrrrrreresessrrrrereerene 9 a FPO OT E E a EE E 9 Wee A e E A E E E 10 Me REDUC e EE A AE E 10 w AMD a E E E E E E 10 Aquatic macroinvertebrates and fiSh eesssssssssssrrrrresseseesesssssrrrrrrrtrrrrrerernssssssrrrrrtrtrrrreereeessseee 10 A AE eee sega So ete E E E 10 MES PIO AGI OI e E EE EEA E E E E E 10 Me TEMO A E r EEE E AE AE E 11 Weather and hydrology monitoring Stations ccccccccccccccccscecsseeesesececeeeceecccceceeeeeeeuaeeeeeeeeeeeess 11 Evapotranspiration and land COVES ccccsssssssssccececcceccccseeeeeeesaeeeesseseeeecececceseseeeeeeeuuueeesseeeeeees 11 Se Be Ach od E SO E a E E e e 11 w SUC water TealU SS pac eres ernst npg es betes EEEE EENS 11 Digital Atlas User Manual EE 5 10 0121310 5124 een ee A T EEE ee 12 Ce NATE MISE GAMES eE EE E OA A EAE E OAA E 12 Water treatment plants reservoirs and bridges ssesssessssssssrrrrrrrrrrrrrereeessssrrrrrrrrrrrrrrereeeeeesseens 12 a Borewell ANG TESEIY ON Sisacdeccertassonrieseuasientennsomsedeccneausnnniareiasd
13. RES A2 high greenhouse gas emission scenario and downscaled to a 50km grid more information in www climatewizard org as well as in the Climate Change Vulnerability report included in the Literature section of the Atlas Weather and hydrology monitoring stations this thematic map contains individual layers for weather rainfall hydrology river stage flow and water quality stations In addition sampling points for a stable isotope study are also shown Just like other maps layers can be turned on and off to avoid overcrowded map displays while selecting the information button and clicking on individual stations can yield more information relevant to that station Looking at the locations of stations can suggest locations for more stations to yield a spatially homogenous collection of data for both rainfall and river level Source WRBWO Evapotranspiration and land cover evapotranspiration ET is a very large and Significant part of the water budget in a watershed ET is driven by primarily net solar radiation and the availability of water while othger meteoriological factors such as relative humidity air temperature and windspeed also play a role Finally the type of vegetation crop types tree species also adds a high degree of variation in ET fluxes This map shows ET estimates obtained by the MODIS project that are satellite borne estimates that have been compared with eddy flux measurements across a variety of eddy covarianc
14. a some of which are 1 Natural Breaks Jenks that automatically look for clustering in the data 2 Quartiles that group the bottom 25 25 50 50 75 and 75 100 3 Manual where the user decides how to create the groups Usually manual mode is chosen for specifying elevation classes for instance Natural Breaks is the default method in AtlasStyler Topography and Digital Elevation Model Atlas of the Wami and Ruvu basins File Physical Features Biodiversity Climate Water resources Society and Economy Infrastructure Literature Help Legend Info E OO QARA A Msc Wrmosc3ict rif RA AtlasStyler wrmosaicl tif_ Define value ranges to be painted in different colors Usage mode easy _ expert Set colors and opacity for all Classify Tl lS 3 ihe Tams Arry Band a type e 098 V Colors for value ranges Label Label for class 0 0 D gt 0 00 pelea San eje EN Sea Level 0 00 34 00 Town ka i gt 330 00 133 00 330 00 E gt 548 00 330 00 548 00 k 2 816 00 548 00 816 00 975 00 816 00 975 00 1975 00 gt 1133 00 975 00 1133 00 11133 00 gt 1309 00 1133 00 1309 00 Add new Duplicate Remove gdal LA N 1 1309 00 gt 2604 00 1309 00 2604 00 riurca V automatic preview Update preview 135 o0 E 135 30 E 36 00 E 1 136 30 E 37 00 E
15. ania Global Water for Sustainability Program Florida International University 46 pp ISBN Global Water for Sustainability FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE Water Resources Digital Atlas of the Wami Ruvu River Basin Tanzania Benefits and challenges of visualizing spatial data for IWRM Visualizing spatial data such as rainfall river discharge and the location of water users in the form of maps is essential for effective water resources management Maps illustrate spatial patterns not evident in tabular data Yet maps on paper are static and at a fixed scale Geographic Information System GIS can help analyze and display data However in developing countries there are several constraints facing the widespread adoption and continued upgrading of GIS software with time such as 1 2 3 4 ArcGIS the industry standard in spatial analysis is expensive Cannot be freely installed on any number of computers Open Source GIS has a steep learning curve and there is a dearth of technical trainers Internet connectivity is very patchy and slow A Digital Atlas has been developed by GLOWS and Tanzania iWASH over 2013 2014 using the open source atlas publishing software GeoPublisher The Atlas contains a wide variety of data relevant to water resources management that can be used by a person with no GIS knowledge nor any internet connection needed Most of the data has been provided by the Wami Ruvu Basin Water Office with addi
16. c 135 30 E 36 00 E 36 30 E 37 00 E 137 30 E 38 00 E 38 30 E 39 00 E 39 30 E l4 E E 100km i Map shown in WGS_1984_UTM_Zone_37S Mouse coordinate 102 492 9 9 506 944 0 Select Colors for Value Ranges eoo Topography and Digital Elevation Model Atlas of the Wami and Ruvu basins File Physical Features Biodiversity Climate Water resources Society and Economy Infrastructure Literature Help Legend Info i a a a a AtlasStyler wrmosaic1 tif wrmosaic L tif Define value ranges to be painted in different colors Usage mode easy _ expert Set colors and opacity for all Classify Towns S o Apply Band 1 4 type z Opacity 10 Apply z major town M Colors for value ranges other town Color Opacity Limits Label i Add new Duplicate Remove gdal LA N Rar E Wikir V automatic preview Update preview g v vee a ee _ ee el 7 30 S__ Kisa akawa Under Define value ranges to be painted in different colors Select a color scheme and opacity level The Opacity level allows other layers such as towns for reference to be seen in a layer Digital Atlas User Manual Topography and Digital Elevation Model Atlas of the Wami and Ruvu basins File Physical Features Biodiversity Climate Water resources Society and Economy Infrastructure Literature Help CEN info eo ee ena OOD QE
17. e or for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the prior permission in writing from the Florida International University Global Water for Sustainability Program Any inquiries can be addressed to the same at the following address Data contained in the Digital Atlas has been provided by the Wami Ruvu Basin Water Office of the Ministry of Water Tanzania Japan International Cooperation Agency JICA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA FAO AFRICOVER and cover University of Montana MODIS 16 Evapotranspiration Google Earth Engine Hansen et al 2013 Forest cover change and ClimateWizard precipitation and temperature projections The Atlas has been created using the open source atlas development and publishing software GeoPublisher www geopublisher org developed by Stefan Tzegeai Germany Developers Amartya Saha Ph D Associate Scientist Mercy Asha Mohamed Global Water for Sustainability Program GLOWS Water Resources and GIS Florida International University IWASH Tanzania Program 3000 NE 151 st AC1 271 Miami FL 33181 USA PO Box 768 Morogoro TANZANIA Global Water for Sustainability Program Florida International University Biscayne Bay Campus 3000 NE 151 St ACI 267 North Miami FL 33181 USA Email glows fiu edu Website www globalwaters net For bibliographic purposes this document should be cited as GLOWS FIU 2015 User guide to the Digital Atlas of the Wami Ruvu and Coastal River Basins Tanz
18. e tower stations A graduated scale in green is used to display ET magnitudes Data here refer to actual ET and not potential ET hence the semi arid Dodoma region shows lower ET than the Eastern Arcs mountains owing to high water limitation in the semi arid regions However if irrigation using groundwater increases in the region so will the water availability and hence ET will be expected to increase Also included here is a land use layer that can be overlaid with the ET layer Source www modis org for ET dataset and JICA for Land Use Map 3 6 Water resources Surface water features This map contains the river drainage and major wetlands in the Basin Other elements include hydrological monitoring stations stage and discharge in some cases perennial amp seasonal rivers topographic elevation towns subcatchment and administrative jurisdiction boundaries Nd Digital Atlas User Manual Hydrogeology This thematic map includes information on the various aquifer types and fault structures as well as groundwater level SWL and quality in the network of sampling wells maintained by WRBWO Water user permits this thematic map shows the locations of water use permit holders along with information on levels of abstraction and classification by use such as industry irrigation domestic hotels and commercial livestock aquaculture and water supply entities The location of industries for instance can suggest the possibili
19. en click on on the upper right information navigate to a station and click on that to get information on the invertebrate families orders or fish species observed at that site Additional stream habitat whether pools and riffles is also presented There is a paucity of data in general and hence the Atlas presents whatever data that is available SS High wildlife diversity in an area suggests the existence of good quality habitat Hence such areas can provide locations for sampling water quality in relatively un impacted pristine watersheds for both chemical parameters as well as aquatic macroinvertebrate based biomonitoring 3 5 Climate Precipitation mean annual rainfall for the WR Basin is presented in an isohet form with legend showing the rainfall range of each zone The highest annual rainfall is seen to occur in the Eastern Arcs mountains almost upto 2400 mm Next is the coast region The lowest rainfall is seen over the semi arid western WR basin The layer of Individual rainfall stations can be turned off and on while selecting the information button and positioning the cursor over a rainfall Station and clicking brings up a window with additional information of that Station Source IRLC GIS Unit Digital Atlas User Manual Temperature maps present annual and quarterly seasonal temperature predictions for the WR basin by an ensemble of 16 General Circulation Models or Global Climate Models run at the S
20. enteorivncdenterausemaaaaiencenineseeaens 12 Water quality Sampling lOCations ccccseesssssseeeeecccecccccseeeeeeeeeeeeesseeeeececeecesseseeseeeuaueeesgeeeeeess 12 3 6 ple ed a ai e ee nen ae een ee ee ee ee 12 LGAs Local Government Authorities cccccccccccccceceeesssessssssssnceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesesesesssaaaaaaeeeeeeeeeess 12 iWASH water supply and sanitation iInterventiOns ccccssssseseseecececccceceseeeeeseeueeeeenseeeeeees 12 Water and Sanitation in the BASIN secsepizesees denisssqetedesniassvesepieaceuds deciscegetedusniassveswpieaceveseecansegetedavas 12 3 7 Administration and Demographics ccccseseccccesecccceesececeuececeeecceeausececeeeceeeeueceeseusecetsueceesenes 13 s Admins Wee G1 regions arnesi esas cect se se eeie wales lenin aac bau saaieeleousaaulenin anon aeons 13 TAN SOI AU ON Mateos tages votsucaisa AEEA AA A EAE A E OAA T 13 Me WATS USEF Ae O a N S 13 ro NG e UO EEEE AE E A E A ET AAT E A E A E A EE 13 BD AS IDa sseetees esecawnedseecnesusvareasvieeteeneaecaveessccssereueeuervsereececcen 13 Sample PAI SIS Case S UGE reren AA 13 Coastal flooding vulnerability from Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge sssssscesesreserrssrrrserrserreerrresrress 13 River flow analysis and COMpariSon ssssssesssseesssrrresrrererrrresererssrrressreresrrressreroserresereresereesereresereesereee 17 Basic Water Balance Spatial assessment of rainfall ET and runoff esesessesseserrserrese
21. f vector raster data and Java environment files This set of folders is portable and can be transferred using a CD external memory or stored on the web Atlas has been created using GeoPublisher an Open Source Atlas creation software www geopublisher org Data for the Atlas has been obtained from WRBWO JICA NASA MODIS ClimateWizard GooglEarthEngine and other sources Information displayed as layers whose display and combination can be adjusted by the user to create custom maps that can be saved in image format e Ability to ZOOM in a map access information pertinent to a particular site and combine different layers of data without the need of a GIS Funding for this publication was provided by the American people through the United States Agency for International Development USAID as a component of the Tanzania Integrated Water Sanitation and Hygiene GW ASH Program The views and opinions of the authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Agency for International Development the United States or Florida International University Copyright Global Water for Sustainability Program Florida International University This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder provided acknowledgement of the source is made No use of the publication may be made for resal
22. ional Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA and Japan Space Research Organization JSRO The DEM is a raster image with elevation data for each pixel The DEM layer can be displayed as a color coded set of elevation ranges just like a typical Digital Atlas User Manual topographic map The user has the ability to define a range of elevation values as an elevation class and then assign a colour scheme for the set of elevation classes or assign individual colours to individual classes This ability to create elevation classes and display them can come in useful for terrain analysis For instance in order to examine which regions along the coast are vulnerable to flooding from sea level rise and storm surges one can create elevation classes such as 0 1 m 1 2 m 2 3 m and so on assigning different colours to each range By coloring 0 1 m in red and 1 2 m in orange for instance one can see which areas are prone to what level of flooding For more information refer Sample Case Studies The other layer in this thematic map is the Terrain Slope map that is generated from the DEM using the ArcGIS Slope function It represents the angle of slope or gradient of a 30m 30m pixel same pixels as the DEM The default colour scheme is green yellow orange red along an increasing gradient of slope steepness with slopes gt 45 degrees shown in red Steep slopes are more susceptible to soil erosion The slope map identifies the regions in the ba
23. oduct very easily These user created maps can be saved in various image formats for presentations reports and publications 2 Using the Digital Atlas The Digital Atlas is a standalone installation on a computer The atlas has been created using GeoPublisher which is an open source atlas creation software developed at the University of Bonn Germany The Atlas runs on the Java platform which can be bundled along with the atlas installation files for installation on any computer An internet connection is not required to use the Atlas 2 1 Installation All the files data and Java operating system of the Digital Atlas are contained in a folder called DISK This folder about 600 Mb should be copied in its entirety into a location on the user s computer either the desktop or a directory of the user s choice Most of the space is taken up by the Digital Elevation Model 375 Mb file and the Terrain Slope file QOMb 2 2 Launching the Atlas On a Windows PC open DISK folder and click on atlas exe file this also has an icon associated The icon can be saved on the desktop for easy access On a Macintosh inside the DISK folder navigate to the folder atlas_data and click on atlas _resources jar Digital Atlas User Manual Clicking will launch the Atlas with the message caching codes may take a minute A pop up screen appears that has general introductory detail on the Atlas Close that by clicking x on the upper right
24. oom in and out to pan and navigate on the map as well as an information icon To look at information related to a particular map feature such as a graph of river discharge at a hydrological monitoring station clicking I on the right side map panel changes the cursor into crosshairs One can then click on any feature on the map such as a river or station or district for added information that pops up as a table Some of the layers such as village streets have a whole lot of other information associated with those streets such as census data male female total number employed age distribution etc There are different ways to display them on a map and the user can then right click on the layer bar choose STYLE and then choose different ways to display the data from the menu Digital Atlas version 1 0 layout File Environment Literature Infrastructure Society and Economy Help J If SN AN test 3A Geology and Soils of the Wami and Ruvu basins OO Bos GA E Search j la gt population demographics 2 Topography Drdinage basin andssub basin boundaries Ss ore as 1A J LGAs Pn AN SN e f t www lt Weather and hydrology monitoring ai S borewells P SEO 5 Y iWASH sanitation 2 14 Precipitation gt 5 water treatment plants irrigation intakes reservoirs J n mee Pe Mkindo catchment gt 3 a F Rivors and monfioring AMON N gt Settlements roads and rail net
25. right hand side ma panel The submenu for each aver allows the user to customize the appearance of each layer on the map to look at the underlying data in the attribute table to annj Eatme Japita vt Jiman arator B B4 750988 som Oossooseolesscesce display statistics plots filter data and access information for that layer The map elena or anann panel also has its own menu bar that displays information on clicking specific features es ee twos tres tet toe such as monitoring stations 6 controls to zoom a an The coordinate system The user can change colour symbols size projection and scale of a map are given at the bottom oO and filter data for each layer to create custom maps that can be saved as images 1 1 1 Features of a thematic map Choosing a map opens a window has a LEFT and a RIGHT panel with a divider that can be moved to increase or decrease the size of each panel The LEFT panel is the map legend interpretation and information panel It has two tabs legend and info In the legend one can turn layers off and on by clicking on the eye Digital Atlas User Manual Clicking the info tab brings descriptive information about the thematic map including links to pdfs in the atlas library as well as web resources Layers also have their own information available by clicking on the layer bar The RIGHT panel is the map panel The toolbar on top has controls to z
26. rrrerrrerrrrerrrerrreen Evapotranspiration analysis with land Vegetation COVED ccccccssseccccsscccceeseceeeeneceeeeeeceesausecetsensess 17 BOVE WEIS aguifers and Taulit ZO CS eers 17 Digital Atlas User Manual 1 Objectives of the Digital Atlas The atlas is intended as a gateway to information about the Wami Ruvu and Coastal river basins administratively known as the Wami Ruvu Basin from the perspective of water resource management The geophysical setting of the basin land cover the various water resources and the linkages of water with human activities and the ecosystem are geospatially presented The Atlas has a built in library of information about the Wami Ruvu Basin The information in the Digital Atlas is presented in the form of user selectable and clickable map layers data analyses and interpretation as well as links to reports publications and websites A selection of reports and publications pertaining to the Wami Ruvu Basin has been included under the Literature section for quick reference A major advantage of the Digital Atlas over a printed atlas or a book atlas is that a user can zoom into a map for a detailed view at any scale Specific features such as forest reserves or hydrological stations can be clicked on to obtain more information Furthermore the user can combine different layers of data adjust visual styles scale ranges colours and symbols and labels and create their own maps using the digital pr
27. s include areas under rice cultivation Reservoirs are shown colour coded as per storage capacity The majority of the reservoirs are located near the coast and in the agricultural areas while there are very few reservoirs in the semiarid Dodoma region There are also regions of high rainfall with few reservoirs By clicking on the information button i on the upper right panel the cursor turns to crosshairs that can then be clicked on a feature for more information For instance clicking on a borewell yields further information on its name location river and capacity Source JICA Land cover land cover maps from 2001 2004 and 2005 are included here Forests are largely restricted to the Eastern Arcs mountains while most of the lowland miombo woodlands have been deforested and converted to agriculture Savanna grazing areas or degraded lands Forests being critical to rainfall storage and regulation in catchments the continual shrinking of forest areas is a matter of extremely grave concern for the water security of WR basin and deserves action at all levels Source JICA 2001 2004 AFRICOVER FAO 2005 3 4 Biodiversity Forest Cover 9 Forest reserves and national parks these are the areas with the lowest human impact deforestation mining agriculture roadbuilding etc and hence are expected to have the best water quality in streams and rivers Biomonitoring of water quality in streams based upon the diversity of aquatic
28. sin with steeper slopes that can then be analyzed for soil erosion potential based upon the land cover rainfall and soil type High rainfall together with low forest cover fragmented forests thin forest canopy forest cleared for agriculture can result in high soil erosion These regions thus identified can be targeted for soil conservation measures 142 00 209 00 76 00 Map shown in EPSG WGS 84 Mouse coordinate 37 Geology and Soils the geology layer provides information on the dominant geology of the basin This information is also used to determine aquifer characteristics For example the Dodoma region overlies granitic rock with very little porosity indicating low aquifer capacity However the presence of geological faults in the region suggests higher groundwater yield and lateral flow The soils map indicates the dominant soil types The city town layer has been added to provide a spatial location reference this layer can be turned on and off Source Japan International Cooperation Agency JICA Nd Digital Atlas User Manual Surface Water Features this thematic map features rivers wetlands lakes and reservoirs in the WR Basin Each layer can be turned on or off for avoiding a crowded display Seasonal rivers are those that dry up in the dry season while perennial rivers have water flowing all through the year in most years Wetland systems along river networks are displayed these wetland
29. tional sources such as MODIS data NASA University of Montana ClimateWizard Google Earth Engine Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics and IUCN What the Digital Atlas is A geospatial Information gateway on all sectors connected with water resources Figure 1 topographic erosion vulnerability geological climate ecosystem surface and groundwater resources monitoring wells and hydrologic data water use permit locations public health administrative demographic and infrastructure In addition a literature section includes a collection of relevant publications for the Wami Ruvu basin Digital Atlas Features at a glance e No internet connection necessary to run Atlas e Atlas can be installed on any operating system as a self contained set of vector raster data and Java environment files Figure 1 Examples of different kinds of maps diplayed in the Atlas e This set of folders is portable and can be transferred clockwise from top left rivers and subcatchments rainfall using a CD external memory or stored on the web isohyets soil classification and administrative districts e Information for each thematic map are displayed as layers The user can change colour symbols size and filter data for each layer to create custom maps that can be saved as images e Ability to zoom into a map access information pertinent to a particular site and combine different layers of data without the need of a GIS e Can combine
30. ty of water pollution both surface and groundwater and thereby sites for additional water quality monitoring in future Similarly irrigation users can also indicate whether they are tapping surface water or groundwater Source JICA WRBWO Water treatment plants reservoirs and bridges individual layers showing locations of the above with added information on each available on clicking with selected Reservoirs are surface water reservoirs with symbols colour coded to indicate capacity Source JICA Borewells and reservoirs locations of borewells are colour coded according to groundwater yield cubic meters second Borewell locations are concentrated in the semi arid Dodoma region and the coast region Borewells are an indicator of groundwater use the clustering in Dodoma region calls for computing a water balance to estimate the natural rate of groundwater recharge in that region in order to avoid over extraction of groundwater that can subsequently lower the groundwater table to levels that lead to shallow wells and streams drying up as well as possible land subsidence Similarly over extraction of groundwater in the coast region around Dar Es Salaam can result in accelerated sea water intrusion in coastal aquifers While groundwater is a reliable and high quality water source water table monitoring programs are essential Water quality sampling locations locations of past water quality sampling are indicated along with
31. ublic Health Administration Demographics Literature Help VVVVVV VV V 3 2 File This menu option has the following sub menu options Save screenshot save the map displayed on the screen in three ways with legend and coordinates with coordinates and just the map Saved as a png file Portable Network Graphics that is an image format compatible with all programs and operating systems The saved image can be used in reports publications and presentations Change language the Atlas has the capability to display information in several languages However at this time all information is in English only Kiswahili can be added in the future if desired Open popup window basic information including contact information for the Atlas Open terms of use window Exit to close the Digital Atlas Application SCS SCS 3 3 Landscape Physical Features Topography and Terrain Slope this thematic map displays the topography of the WR Basin as generated from the 30m ASTER Digital Elevation Model DEM the most current DEM available as of 2014 Seven tiles have been mosaicked to generate the coverage over the basin The DEM file is large 375 Mb and hence can take some time to open Horizontal spatial resolution is 30 m and vertical resolution 20m A layer showing cities towns has been added to provide a meaningful location reference for the topo map this layer can be turned on and off Source Nat
32. with water resources management such as water resources planners managers government policy decision makers hydrologists and scientists who can readily access and analyze the data by just referring to the accompanying User Manual The Atlas can also be utilized as a tool by educational institutions community organizations and think tanks to demonstrate linkages between geophysical ecological anthropogenic administrative and infrastructural factors that influence the availability and management of water The open source platform independent Atlas has the potential to be widely used as a demonstrative and analytical tool for facilitating sustainable water resources management Digital Atlas User Manual Contents Dp OND CCUM ES Ol CIS DE CAS ceca cec cates seecstecaeriectaciaisee spaces eaciecc asus ducauaicnocua E 4 2 Using THE DIST AU ES serieren ear e E EA EEEE E 4 D Ne MAS ANON seer E EE E E A E EEEE 4 DD Launching UNG lS sreesiinso E T T 4 PoFo e A S A 5 PA A E e e a E A o A R A A E A EA A EE O A E E 5 2 3 2 Features of a thematic MAD seseris eera TE E E 5 3 Guide to the interpretation of maps and geospatial information essssssssesesreresrersrreresrrreesrererrrrsssrerene 7 Atlas Menu SUR CO Ce osere T 7 3 1 PA E E E E E alae acutvaarekde nies suuisteneedereaiendiiercesenseaines 7 D N SN a E E terete aendeerusicackesceeoureueceeuen 7 a 072 624 lan a oe eee ee ee 7 We Open OU WINOOW starter cates tance action uiearts A 7 ee E
33. works Tip Surface water bodies W Administrative regions a gt Water quality dhendema X Weg wey lt 5 30 S_ n ot in r i a ig A 5 land use patterns 2S ee Ecology A 2 Forest reserves and National Parks JICA_water_balance_analysis pdf YEwanyange Forest reserves and National Parks TS ipiie aS See e LA Field_guide_Tanzania_fish_Eccles pdf N A WildlifeSurveyMkindoForestReserve J wami_river_usaid_profile pdf A wami_efa_hydrology pdf 1 Aquatic macroinvertebrates and freshwater fish gt Reptiles gt Mammals 7 00 S _ EXAMPLE let us choose the Monitoring Stations thematic map from Climate Here one can display both perennial and seasonal rivers then display different types of monitoring stations such as rainfall hydrological water quality isotope weather stations by clicking the eye on each layer toolbar One can also zoom on and then click T for information on map panel upper right to change cursor from arrow tip to crosshairs and then click ona station to get info for that station There are also links to reports that have graphs and analysis of data from the basin Digital Atlas User Manual 3 Guide to the interpretation of maps and geospatial information 3 1 Atlas Menu structure On launching the Digital Atlas the main menu top lists the following menu options File Landscape Ecosystem Climate Water Resources P
34. y _ expert type pero buli Kwanyange Mbwewe Sadani Select a RuleList from the left or add a new RuleList Mandera Mkadini Mindu Tulieni Bagamoyo isa Yombo Ubenazomozi O Kidugallo Soga Dar Es Salaam ingulubwida Mzenga ae Vikindu Kibwegere Saungubweni Msanga Add new Duplicate Remove gdal LAI LY Update preview M automatic preview l35 00 E 135 30 E 136 00 E 36 30 E 37 00 E 37 30 E 38 00 E 38 30 E 39 00 E 39 30 E l4 a 100km Click on Add new Map shown in WGS_1984_UTM_Zone_37S Mouse coordinate 102 492 9 9 506 944 0 Digital Atlas User Manual 4 Topography and Digital Elevation Model Atlas of the Wami and Ruvu basins File Physical Features Biodiversity Climate Water resources Society and Economy Infrastructure Literature Help Legen Info glen AIAIA Ted n EEA eo OO AARIAIA wees wrmosaic L tif IAA L 4 30 S_ Add styling to null You are styling a raster dataset Choose a method to visualize your data Explicit color per value Colors for value ranges mbuli Kwanyange ja Mbwewe Sadani JeList Mandera Mkadini Mindu Tulieni Bagamoyo Kiwisa Yombo Ubenazomozi oro Kidugallo Soga Dar Es Salaam ulubwida Mze pre te Vikindu Kibwegere fvuha Saungubweni R Msanga Add new Duplicate Remove gdal A Y wa V automatic preview Update preview le 8 00 S_ a 135 0
35. yer To look at villages in an area the user needs to turn on the village streets layer and zoom in Source Tanzania Census 2002 Water User Associations this map shows the locations of the villages belonging to the Mkondoa and the Mkindo Water User Associations respectively In addition the hydrologically delineated catchment boundaries are also included 3 9 Literature A partial list of reports and publications relevant to the WR basin from a water resources perspective pdf format are included with the Atlas These reports can be downloaded and opened using Adobe Acrobat Reader available online freely 3 10 Help 4 Sample Analysis Case Studies Examples of the types of questions and analyses made possible with the Digital Atlas are presented here 4 1 Coastal flooding vulnerability from Sea Level Rise and Storm Surge Adjust the DEM in the Physical Environment submenu to create elevation classes starting from 0 1 m 1 2 m 2 3 m and so on assigning bold colours to the lowest elevation classes This then highlights the low lying areas along the coast and river estuaries that are liable for flooding The user can even change the classification to 0 0 5 m 0 5 m 1 m however given the accuracy of the DEM such a visualization is just to get an idea More accurate elevation determination is performed using LIDAR technology Open Physical Features gt Topography and DEM In the LEFT panel under the wrmosaicl1 layer click
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