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User`s Guide

1. nn cti ACIE LOUIS an Ari n we 2 Image 29 PRINTOUT WIZARD dialogue box last tab 86 CHAPTER 3 FILE Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS 12 Press OK The typical SAVE AS dialogue box will appear Type a new name and press SAVE You have created a second template in rtf format which you can process with the help of any text processor e g MS WORD that can open files of this type Through the text editor you can send the file to the printer EXIT With the EXIT command the program is terminated If there is an active project the program examines if there are any changes to the project which have not been saved In case there are the message of Image 30 will appear Reply YES so that all changes are saved or NO if you do not want to save them e x 2 Project has not been saved Are you sure you want to continue Image 30 The save changes prompt dialogue box To terminate your work and close the program follow the procedure 1 LC the File Exit command or the icon 2 If there are actions which have not been saved the message of Image 30 will appear Reply accordingly selecting YES or NO 3 If you select YES the program will save all actions you have made until that moment and close If you select
2. uring rai sep cia Foll ns dns Dein Le K tii Tue Figure 36 The PARAMETERS dialogue box Mateial Properties CONNECTIONS In the connections tab the programme enables you to choose the type and the quality of the components weldings and holings that are going to be used later during the check and design of the connections The Connections tab is shown on figure 37 Follow the procedure below 1 By clicking on the Connections you are transferred in the Parameters tab 2 In the WELDINGS and BOLTS unities choose the following off the lists a For weldings choose a steel quality off the CATEGORY list You are informed about the Tensile Strenght the Correlation Coefficient and the Weld Safety Coefficient by the values tables under the list b For bolts choose a bolt category from the CATEGORY list and watch the relevant parameters 102 CHAPTER 4 PARAMETERS Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Choose a bolt s dimension off the BOLT list and watch the parameters related to your choice d In the end click on OK or go over to another tab of the PROJECT PARAMETERS dialogue box Figure 37 CONNECTIONS TAB FOUNDATION PARAMETERS The fifth tab is related to the parameters relevant to the soil and the foundation elements For greater convenience the values are arranged in groups according to their relation More precisely these g
3. n t Status Bar Useful information about current program functions is provided Window operation keys They are the typical WINDOWS keys for maximizing minimizing and exiting the basic window and the current project window Horizontal and vertical sliding bars Changing their position also moves the model through the graphic display window Properties Frame In this frame you can search and modify the properties of the members you have chosen The fields of the frame is automatically updated if the member choice has changed 12 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTI ON VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS LOOKI NG FOR HELP VK STEEL help system For faster familiarization of the VK STEEL program and its more efficient use a range of aids is provided the form and content of which will constantly be updated The basic principal that rules the design of the help system is immediate convenience for the user with the providing of appropriate suggestions as well as answers to any problems or queries arise during the use of the program In the following paragraphs we cite the help scheme that has been adopted User Manuals The best way to get acquainted and familiarized with the program is to read the current detailed user manual which you are holding in your hands Special effort has been given so that the book is as complete as possible in terms
4. 216 BN S pre kd dya dh nd Gr ten 217 Interventions esse hh h nd edie wees 217 Connection Design Truss 1 2 219 Study by VK Steel areri ve ve ve ae 220 Accept 222 Joint Design 223 Estimation 1 22 227 CHAPTER 11 CONNECTION DESIGN FRAME 229 Project Ment oce ere iain atone eae ua deer eyes 230 I riformationr a ice M ascia ad ass 231 ender v ndin Mee Marin M ass 231 Load 2 2 2 0 707 77 4 232 Print Settings rave din eccentric tq tase ne aft 233 Printout main etie etre insi 234 Save as 234 Edit Menit S ah 235 ZOOM U ad Dara DA ves ad Dr da ra Nana dar 235 PREVIOUS ZOOM dar das He rn de 235 Select Nodes from b ra 235 Dbeselect Nodes ebore kaba 236 View MENU sre ineo eru suh e 237 dai EEES ans 237 Ju e 240 Ne 240 Status banin sish
5. Baias T EL Mone aul P Can ne Figure 106 The VIEW menu TOOLBARS Use this option to make Toolbar visible or not visible Qa XX ok jo a X f M Figure 107 The Toolbar Most of the Toolbar s keys already exist in a menu If you let the mouse indicator to rest on one of these keys the tool tip which designates each key s operation will appear VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 237 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS INFORMATION ON PROJECT Provides you with information on the Project as described in Projects Information menu PRINT See Projects Print Settings ZOOM IN PREVIOUS ZOOM As described in the Edit Zoom In menu ROTATION ANGLE Define the structure s rotation angle by typing its value in the ROTATION ANGLE dialogue box figure 108 in degrees and integral values Rotation Angle zi Rotation angle fin degrees integer Figure 108 The ROTATION ANGLE dialogue box CHOOSE AXIS OF ROTATION Choose the axis around which you wish to rotate the structure from the list that opens 238 CHAPTER 11 CONNECTION DESIGN FRAME VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS ROTATE AT ANGLE ROTATE AT ANGLE Click on these keys to rotate the structure once for every click you make at a pre determined angle and around a pre determined axis As positive angle of rotation we de
6. where c the drive where the program is stored This means that the NEW command creates a files group and not a single file In this directory all necessary files are stored that are created by the program during your work on the project in question VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 63 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS Additionally VK STEEL prepare the working environment by activating a new project window new document and all the necessary menus with the program commands To create a new project follow the procedure 1 Start the program 2 Select with LC the File gt New command or LC the icon icon The dialogue box of image 17 will appear New Steel Li Project X Cancel Image 17 The NEW PROJECT dialogue box Project Project Information Cancel Image 18 project number insertion box 64 CHAPTER 3 FILE Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS 3 LCthe Project icon 4 LC on OK the dialogue box of Image 19 will appear 5 Type a three digit number of you choice between 100 and 999 on the Project text field 6 You have the option to type a short comment to describe the project on the Project Information text field This text will appear when you select the project see OPEN PROJECT 7 LC on OK The program will create a new document and activate all menus If in steps 4 or 7 you decide to cancel the
7. Each one of the following paragraphs refers to a certain command and includes instructions as well as general information about the command s function and usefulness If you need direct information about a command press F1 or choose the command CONTENTS off the HELP menu to gain access to the programme s help system TOPOLOGY CHECK The command TOPOLOGY CHECK serves as a final integrity check of the structure s description when and if this has been completed Thus it should be used before any other command of the ANALYSIS menu is chosen This command allows the user to ascertain any problem that the connections might have and to correct them before the structural analysis takes place so as to save his or her time and labor VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 175 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS If the programme meets any problems while checking it will show the appropriate messages on your screen and it will also create a diagnostics file Before any of the checks begin the programme will present to you a dialogue box with which you are able to choose which checks you wish to take place Follow this procedure 1 Choose the command Analysis gt Topology Check or the RE appropriate icon KA The dialogue box of figure 77 vvill appear xi Debration Suoports Definion Ig Check ior Zan Values Check ici Integnity Structure Fast Check Eher M adim Integy E der
8. 183 General 22 184 Column Base 0 2 2 2 2 2 185 Foundation Design 191 CHAPTER 9 ELEMENTS PROPERTIES 199 VK STEEL USER S GUIDE VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS General information on how to use toolbars 200 Member Properties 202 Proj ct Fibra ys nd hehe N S 203 subi Du an pana 203 me 204 Default Member Loads 205 Section Properties iier xr REX EE RR EXER RENNES YR 207 Geometry iios st ERR ORE ERREUR EET 207 Members l oads Too does doo d odo edd 210 Node Properties nana aaa aaa nana ne nene Hem 211 Node Loads zanin sish Fed ded via ads 211 Change Node 212 EUR ald aves ada WO NGHE TU RTS 213 CHAPTER 10 CONNECTION DESIGN TRUSS 215 The joints program s function 216 NVOFKDAN S Gee t LL 216 Members lt 22 eese eoe eet i ee ntu n d ndn o a e 216 cid depu dede dadas 216 HDI ette I EEEE
9. 2 On the top text fields type in the coordinates values for the start node and in the following text fields type in the coordinates values of the end node 3 Press OK to confirm Both nodes are set automatically along with the member itself Thus when deleting a member its nodes are deleted with it If two members have a common node and you choose to delete one of them the common node will not be deleted In any case you can use the UNDO command to cancel a member s insertion MIRROR This is a very useful command during the structure s description process By using the mirror command you can reduplicate a selected group of members or even the entire structure in relation to a certain plane This plane is defined by choosing three points As the name of the command denotes the reduplicated entities are set specular like in relation to the defined plane VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 149 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS The MIRROR command enables the user to create a complex structure that presents symmetry towards a certain plane very quickly Follow the procedure 1 Select the group of members or even the entire structure 2 Choose Edit gt Mirror or the appropriate icon Ma The dialogue box shown in figure 67 will appear Define plane E xi xim Y m Z m 2nd Point 3nd Poin e vox x Cancel Help Figure 67 DEFINE PLANE dialogue box 3 The coordi
10. By choosing YES the programme will return to the initial screen situation where we can set the footing s new dimensions or change any of the already set elements and re analyse it by pressing Verification again By choosing NO the programme will pass by the particular check to move on to the next one In case of an excess the programme will stop the calculations again to display the appropriate message By choosing END the programme will stop the calculations to return to the initial menu When the footing s analysis is complete a second screen where we can see the footing s and connecting beams dimensions set results as shown in figure 83 VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 195 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Figure 83 The window showing the dimensions settings second phase where the end plate and the footing with its reinforcement are developed eIndications 1 2 3i Fey Footing s reinforcement along the Y axis in cm2 Fex Footing s reinforcement along the X axis in cm2 M Moment along the X Y axis in TM according to DIN or in KNm according to N K O S C E B ob The maximum stress that the footing s concrete can take along the X or Y axis in kg cm according to DIN or in N cm according to N K O S L C The loading combination off which the moments and concrete s stresses have resulted Stress in shear in kg cm according to DIN or in N cm according t
11. Integrity Tests 3 Members Definition amp Supports Definition Check for Zero Values EYE Check for Members Lenath Limits Check for Matrix Integrity Structure Fast Check Check for Matrix Integrity Structure Extended Check Show Messages Cancel P Help Image 8 Integrity Tests dialog box 89 On the dialog box check all options and press OK 90 The should not be any errors If there is one then follow again all steps in STEP 5 VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 53 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS WORK FLOW USER ACTI ONS Structural Analysis 91 If nothing went wrong in the Topology Tests then you can proceed to the Space Frame structural analysis Select the ANALYSIS STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS command After a few seconds a dialog frame will appear like the one in Image 9 VKSTEEL Static Analysis Disk for Temporary Files cau Accidental eccentricity eg 0 05 o Restrict rotational dof of pinned elements Continue in case of unstable structure Image 9 Analisys dialog box 92 Make sure that the Analysis drive disk is the same with the one you have installed your program and the value of Accidental eccentricity gt is zero Press OK Analysis Report 93 When the structural analysis has been completed the analysis report will appear on the screen It should look like the one in Image 10 54 CHAPTER 2 A
12. 74 the SECTION PROPERTIES frame on the right On the field Load Cases select Dead Type 0 5 kN m in the lt gt field Select Wind Y and type 1 2 kN m Select Snow 1 and type 0 1 kN m Select the command EDIT gt UNSELECT MEMBERS At the Members Properties toolbar type lt 18 43 gt at the EULER field LC the icon to see the ELEMENTS LOADS dialog frame again Uncheck all checked loads Press Update and OK Select again the consecutive LC the following nodes 8 17 9 185 We will define the members loads with the change method a Select the command EDIT gt SELECT MEMBERS and select members 21 22 b Inthe frame SECTION PROPERTIES make the Members Loads tab visible VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 49 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS PROGRAM FLOW Secondary Beams Load Correction 76 Select the USER ACTI ONS C Select Dead and type 0 5 kN m at lt gt on the Global Z Axis d Select Wind Y and type 0 9 Kn m at Q on the Local Z axis e Select Snow 2 and type 0 120 for Q on the Global Z axis 75 Select the command EDIT UNSELECT MEMBERS icon again Make consecutive LC on the following nodes 4 13 77 We will define the members loads with the change method Select the command EDIT gt SELECT MEMBERS and select members 23 In the
13. These parameters are analytically explained in NEAK s chapter 2 5 Zone the seismically dangerous zone from which factor a results automatically factor a soil acceleration due to gravity accelogram see Table 2 2 of NEAK Factor s a 96 CHAPTER 4 PARAMETERS Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS value in the text field comes in as an automatic consequence of your choices Importance Factor From this category the factor of importance y accrues automatically Table 2 3 of The factor s value in the text field is calculated considering your options Soil We set the category of the soil on which the project is going to be realized NEAK s Table 2 5 NOTE The check box under importance factor y refers to a multiplying factor of Eurocode 2 In any case of a structural analysis by NEAK its value must remain 1 8 Seizmic Behaviour Factor we give the seismic behavior s factor q the MAXIMUM value desirable in our construction Table 2 6 of NEAK value in 0 s text field is calculated according to your choices 9 Influence Factor of Foundation We give a value to the foundation s influence factor 0 For soils categorized as and B type this value is f while for soils of C type or worse we find the values from Table 2 7 of NEAK The value in 0 s text field is calculated according to your choices 10 Tx Ty characteristic period of the building on the x or y axis
14. Figure 102 The MATERIAL Table vvindovv LOAD COMBINATIONS Click on this command to view the load combination s table The combinations have been defined in the main programme s Parameters menu Load Combinations 232 CHAPTER 11 CONNECTION DESIGN FRAME VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS lf n le dal sh deo Kr GEE wv So um m m 0 a D 4 L Hi Figure 103 Load Combination s table In the above table you can view all load combinations including seismic ones in both directions as well as the consequent combinations due to accidental eccentricity If you haven t asked for these last combinations to be considered during the analysis the stress values related to those will be zero Click on OK to close the table PRINT SETTINGS Allows you to view and correct printer settings VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 233 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Print settings Printer WMAKIS HP OfficeJet R65 Change Max number of lines in each 83 page v Start page numbering from 1 Font size From node s To node 31 Cancel Figure 104 PRINT SETTINGS dialogue box Click change to choose a printer determine the maximum number of lines to be printed per page size of letters if you change this param
15. NO it will go back to the state it was before you selected the command VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 87 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS NOTICE case you selected EXIT and no non saved actions are detected the program will close without any other warning ADVICE It would be useful before you decide to terminate your work to have decided if it is worth saving the changes or the whole work If you select to change the program without having saved the changes bear in mind that they will be lost without any possibility to restore them RECENT PROJECTS An alternative way to open an existing project is through the selection of its three digit number if it is visible in the RECENT PROJECTS sub menu We should point here that not all available projects appear there but only the most recent ones If the project that interests you is not among the ones that are seen in RECENT PROJECTS then you should look for it through the OPEN command To open one of the recent projects follow the procedure 1 LC the File Recent Projects commands Hold the mouse cursor on the phrase The directory with the recent projects will appear 2 LC the three digit project number that you want to select NOTI CE The default number of recent projects that appear in the sub menu is 10 88 CHAPTER 3 FILE Menu CHAPTER 4 PARAMETERS MENU VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS GENERAL Th
16. The maximum value Rd t results 11 For qz2 5 0 whereas 12 4 lt 2 5 1 13 Spectrum T1 T2 set values according to the soil category Table 2 4 ofNEAK 14 Bd 0 we set the value 9 8 15 Bd T1 the spectral reinforcement factor of NEAK Bo 2 5 16 Bd min we set the value 0 25 q 8 17 T2 T B the value of the superscript B of the equation 2 1y for NEAK 18 Damp ratio the percentage of critical damp VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 97 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Table A 1 Annex A of NEAK The appropriate seismic factors Rdx T g and Rdy g result from the above values CHOICES FOR THE OLD GREEK CODE 1 Uniform Distribution It is chosen when the anti seismic check requirements refer to the older anti seismic code of 54 59 2 Triangular Distribution It is chosen when the anti seismic check requirements refer to the anti seismic code of 84 3 Seismic Comp X X Type straightway the value of the anti seismic factor on the X X axis 4 Seismic Comp Y Y Type straightway on the Y Y axis This usually has the same value as the anti seismic factor X X 5 LC Factor Live Type the value 1 because according to older codes live loads were considered to participate 100 to the movements caused by the earthquake 6 Thermal Loading Value Celsius Same as above SECTION LIBRARY The second tab of PROJECT PARAMETERS includes the section library Figure
17. VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 111 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Parameters included in group Reinforcement are the following In the three following parameters we define the diameters set in mm of the bars to be used during the foundation s measuring 1 Longitudinal Bar Diameter in bending mm 1 da Longitudinal Bar Diameter in bending mm 274 3 Longitudinal Bar Diameter in bending mm 314 4 Min Bar Spacing of Longitudinal Reinf in cm 2 Max Bar Spacing of Longitudinal Reinf in cm 6 Anchorage Length for Longitudial Reinforcement COEFFICIENT x max for bars We set a factor which multiplied by the diameter of the principal reinforcement will result in the anchorage s length side 7 Side Cover in cm We set the side topping of the foundation s reinforcement 8 Bottom Cover in cm We set the lower topping of the foundations reinforcement see iTable 5 1 paragraph 5 1 of N K O S Minimum Longitudial Bar diameter in Tie beams in mm We set the minimum diameter of the bar that is going to be used for the connecting beams dimensions setting paragraph 18 6 3 of N K O S 10 Maximum Longitudial Bar diameter in Tie beams in mm We set the maximum diameter of the bar that is going to be used for the connecting beams dimensions setting Ll Min N of Longitudial Bars in Tie Beams We set the minimum number of the connecting beams bending bars e g 3 paragraph 18 6 3 of N K
18. include at least one load case A load case takes part in a load combination if the table cell where the combination with load case in question meet has a value that is not zero Those values that correspond to the Safety Factors are defined each time by the user depending on the project s special requirements Generally they are given by the codes VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 39 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS PROGRAM FLOW USER ACTI ONS 34 We should point here that the factors values are chosen for this project only and are not typical 35 Type the values of the safety factors as seen on Table 2 bellow NOTICE We should point that we fill in the load safety factor according to the regulations only in the first three and eleventh columns In all other cases the title e g Wind X is just indicative and you could use the column for live loads Dead Seismic Seismic Wind Wind Wind Wind Snow Snow Other Live Loads X Y HX FY px 1 2 Loads Loads 1 1 35 1 50 211 35 1 50 0 90 0 90 311 35 0 90 1 50 0 90 4 1 35 1 50 0 90 0 90 5 1 35 0 90 1 50 0 90 6 1 35 1 50 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 7 1 35 0 90 1 50 0 90 0 90 0 90 811 00 1 00 0 30 0 30 911 00 0 30 1 00 0 30 10 1 00 1 00 0 30 1 00 1 00 1 00 11 1 00 0 30 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 Image 5 Load combinations form and the values of the safety factors for the exam
19. miss the chance to undo your latest actions The same will happen in case you close the programme and save the changes When you will restart the programme and open the particular study you will not be able to undo your previous actions I MPORTANT The programme does not provide you with the ability to undo the undo command itself REDO COPY The copy command uses the clipboard as a temporary storage space of certain chosen elements i e a group of joints and members along with their properties in order for you to be able to put them in a different place within the study window The copy command goes along with Paste command alternatively its use would have no meaning Follow the procedure 1 Select by using any method the elements you wish to copy 2 Select Edit gt Copy Alternatively you can choose the appropriate icon or press Ctrl C the chosen elements are copied into the clipboard NOTE Each time you choose entities to copy the programme will replace al of clipboard s previous contents with the new ones Clipboard is used by every Window s programme Consequently its contents will be replaced if you use the copy command even through a programme other than STEEL VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 145 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS NOTE If you use the command COPY without choosing an entity the programme will copy the entire structure as it is formed up to that moment PASTE Paste
20. type the measurement of the distance between the member s start node and the loads application Point Choose the load s axis if it has not yet been chosen this axis is usually the global 2 axis Press UPDATE Follow steps 1 7 for other loading cases except for L case 2 Earthquake Y and the L case 3 Earthquake X which the programme will automatically calculate considering all information given in Parameters Load Combinations Press OK to close the dialogue box IMPORTANT Units must agree with the members dimensions set chose regulation Therefore if we have chose EC3 EUROCODE all loads must be introduced in kN while for DIN Allowable Stresses Regulation loads must be introduced either in kg or in t COMMENTS For a load to be applied the user must firstly determine the appropriate loading combinations and then check the Loading case cell for non zero safety factor If for example there are no seismic loading combinations the 274 and 3 loading combinations to which the loading cases 2 and 3 are participating along with their corresponding safety factors the seismic loads are not taken under consideration Notice the difference between the global and the local system of axis For example a column s x x axis of the local system concurs with its length axis and it is vertical to the global x x axis Consequently the load that will be applied on the local x x axis of the column will be axial NOTE Throu
21. where all files of the 100 project will be stored It has also formed appropriately the project window and displays the toolbars and the program menu bar 8 RCon any icon The TOOL BARS command will appear Make sure that all check boxes will be checked If any of them is not checked then LC on the check box to select it SHORTCUT CREATION on the Windows desktop If a program icon has not been automatically created you can very easily create it by following the procedure bellow 1 RC anywhere on the desktop as long as there is no other shortcut at this place 24 CHAPTER 2 AN EXAMPLE VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 2 On the pop up menu that will appear select the New command and LC on the command Shortcut The CREATE SHORTCUT dialog frame will appear 3 Press the button BROWSE The familiar dialog frame for files browsing will appear Look for the file Winsteel exe in the program folder If during set up you didn t change the default place of the STEEL folder then you can look for the file at c vk windows steel WinSTEEL exe 4 Press the NEXT button 5 Press the FINISH button MOVE COPY COMPRESS A VK STEEL PROJECT To move a project of the program from the directory they were saved all you have to do is move the folder with the name of the project The same applies for copying a VK STEEL project The compression of the project is a simple procedure as well althoug
22. 5 5 2 2 paragraph of NEAK this factor s value is 1 2 In the Old Anti seismic regulation there is no such factor which means that whatever value you set for it does not affect the checkings B D 1954 By choosing this group the FOUNDATION PARAMETERS tab is modified as shown in figure 39 e The parameters contained in this group are the following 1 Modular Ratio n Steel Concrete When the current concrete regulation is B D 1954 DIN the Ratio equals 15 regardless of the materials quality concrete and steel 106 CHAPTER 4 PARAMETERS Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 2 Moduls of Elasticity of Concrete in T m The concrete young moduls value is given in T m2 Figure 39 Footings Parameters tab gt B D 1954 3 Allowable Concrete Stress in Compression oben in kg cm The allowable concrete stress value is given in kg cm CONCRETE DIN kg cm C16 20 70 C20 25 90 25 30 110 Table 8 Concrete s allowable stress compression according to DIN 4 Minimum Concrete Stress in Shear rmin in kg cm This value is given in kg cm Shear check of the footing is not required VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 107 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS CONCRETE DIN kg cm2 B160 6 225 7 B300 8 Table 9 Concrete s minimum stress in shear according to DIN 5 Maximum Concrete Stress in Shear Tmax in kg cm We set this value ove
23. O S 112 CHAPTER 4 PARAMETERS Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 12 Minimum Link Bar Diameter in Tie Beams in mm We set the minimum diameter of the stirrups i e 10 paragraph 18 6 3 of N K O S 13 Maximum Link Bar Diameter in Tie Beams in mm in mm We set the maximum diameter of the stirrups i e 12 14 Minimum Link Spacing in Tie Beams in cm i e 10 15 Maximum Link Spacing in Tie Beams in cm i e 15 paragraph 18 6 3 of N K O S MODELING By choosing this group the FOUNDATION PARAMETERS tab is modified as shown in figure 42 T I Figure 42 FOUNDATION PARAMETERS MODELING TAB VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 113 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS The parameters included in group B D 1954 are the following Footing Cone Hmin Hmax 1 FACTOR i e for gt 2 It is valid for stiff footings The factor equals the ratio of the entire height of the footing to the height of the rectangular part Form 218 29 of comments paragraph 18 6 2 of N O S Minimum Height of Cone Base in Conical Footing in cm We set the minimum height we wish to the rectangular part of the foundation base of the cone Maximum Height of Cone Base in Conical Footing in cm We set the minimum height we wish to the rectangular part of the foundation base of the cone Footing Min Height cm Footing Type 1 Cone Ftng O Rectangular Ftng We set the type
24. OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS The main goal of the example that follows is the quick familiarization of the user with the working environment of the VK STEEL program For this reason emphasis has been given to the structure definition procedure model design while to avoid an information overload the validation of the elements calculations is not extensively commented In the example what is explained are the procedure of the design of a simple frame structure its calculation the members efficiency check according to the requirements of Eurocode 3 as well as the check and design of on of its nodes After the completion of this example you will have e A quick familiarization with the most important commands and functions of this program Aconcise view of the work flow in the program e project example that you can use in the future as reference Read the next paragraphs of this introduction Their aim is to inform you on the project you intend to create as well as the ways to look for help about operating matters that are being covered in another part of tho user manual or the on line help system Specifically e The next paragraph STRUCTURE OF THE EXAMPLE presents graphically the main steps that will be explained in the next chapters The LOOKING FOR HELP paragraph guides you so that you can take advantage as much as possible of the help system as you are working on the example e The ABBREVIATION paragraph include
25. OK you can confirm the changes you have made and by clicking on CANCEL you can return to the previous situation 164 CHAPTER 6 EDIT Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 3D TRUSS TYPE 4 This type of 3D truss is shown in figure 72 40 Truss Wizard Type 1 Type 2 di Type 5 Type 6 Figure 72 3D TRUSSES WIZARD TYPE 4 To create a TYPE 4 3D TRUSS follow this procedure 1 While the dialogue box 3D TRUSS WIZARD is open click on the TYPE 4 label The table shown in figure 72 will appear 2 Type the values of the repetition parameters in the text fields a n1 Its value equals the times that the rudamentary part has been repeated along the x x axis VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 165 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS b n2 Its value equals the times that the rudamentary part has been repeated along the y y axis 11 The length of the rudamentary part s side that is parallel to the y y axis d 12 The length of the rudamentary part s side that is parallel to the z z axis Type the coordinates of the 3D trusses insertion point in the x y z text fields On the draft the insertion point is pointed out by the red square The truss will be inserted in the study window exactly the way it is presented on the draft ADVICE It is preferred that the axis shown in the draft will coincide with the axis shown in the study window globa
26. The window displays the contents of the automatic section change file it should be blank for you since you did not use that method Press CONTINUE again to complete the procedure Correction 109 To restore the beam you have to reset the original beam as we have previously described and to proceed again to structural analysis and members check Warning Hessea I 2100 DESIGN FAILURES LOG FILE 1 Herbu 2 sponi 13 00 mered from dart LC 2 1 0 ren orspaecsion hess due bo mishim bending mored ZX 1988 2173081 2 1 ab eration 18 20 matan ror chat for LC 2 12691 1 5054 Image 14 The Error Messages file excess messages on display window You can print the file by selecting the PRINT button 60 CHAPTER 2 AN EXAMPLE CHAPTER 3 FILE MENU VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Introduction The FILE menu is the first from the left menu The commands that are included in the FILE menu along with a short description can be seen on the following table COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION NEW Creates a new project OPEN Ctrl Opens the projects directory to select an existing project SAVE Ctrl 5 Saves your project IMPORT Opens the import project from DXF or TXT files dialogue box EXPORT TO Opens the dialogue box to export the project to TXT fil
27. This command leads to the 3D trusses creation wizard The 3D TRUSS command allows the user to quickly and easily create complex 3D trusses by multiplying the characteristic values of the parameters which relate to a certain model selected from the programme s library The dialogue box that encloses the standard 3D trusses of the library appears with the following procedure 1 Choose the command Edit gt 3D TRUSS or the appropriate icon 2 The dialogue box shown in figure 70 will appear 2 Each one of the TYPE labels displays the special tab of the standard 3D TRUSSES Choose each one of them to view the library s contents 160 CHAPTER 6 EDIT Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS Ar Truss Wizard T Type 2 Type 4 5 Type 6 ll k SET m A IN M Je Figure 70 3D TRUSSES Wizard TYPE 1 Most types of 3D TRUSSES can be created by repeatedly arranging their rudamentary part along one of their axis The creation of a 3D TRUSS through one of VK STEEL S wizards takes place by choosing the most appropriate rudamentary part and by defining its repetition parameters The last step you have to take is to set the coordinates of the part s insertion point If a part of the structure has already been described you have to choose the point where the 3D TRUSS will be connected to the existing structu
28. USER S GUIDE 153 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Selleck Members Pini regj Pire Pinned ponsin settings AcconingtoLosdiype Load Cases aioe poc vane LBS SHI Finned Pinned Henis Shee X ue Figure 68 Select using filters dialogue box b According to constrain settings The list includes all four bearing conditions Choose one of them C According to the Load type The list includes all loading cases Choose one of them d According to the group name The list includes all groups of members Choose one of them 3 When you finish with the criteria chose OK to confirm your choices NOTE The colour of the chosen members has changed into blue which is the by definition colour of selected members For more information in relation to colours seek for COLOURS command Parameters gt Options Colours You cannot undo the Select using filters command To cancel any selection of members you have made use the command UNSELECT MEMBERS 154 CHAPTER 6 EDIT Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS UNSELECT MEMBERS You can use the command Unselect Members to repeal the action of selecting members Follow the procedure 1 Since you have already chosen a member a group of members choose the command Edit gt Unselect Members or the appropriate icon The members are going to de selected You can c
29. and re set the footing s dimensions 198 CHAPTER 8 COLUMN BASE DESIGN FOUNDATION DESIGN CHAPTER 9 ELEMENTS PROPERTI ES VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS eVK STEEL recognizes two types of elements 1 Nodes and 2 Members Every element of the programme holds a number of properties Loads for example constitute a nodes property as much as a members one On the contrary inertia is example of a member s property while support is exclusively related to joints An essential step in the structure s description is the determination of its element s properties This chapter refers to all commands leading to the structure s elements properties eThese commands are included in the following toolbars 1 MEMBER PROPERTIES 2 SECTION PROPERTIES 3 NODE PROPERTIES GENERAL I NFORMATI ON ON HOW TO USE THE TOOLBARS Toolbars usual position is below the menu bar eVK STEEL S toolbars are the following 1 FILE 2 EDIT 3 EDIT II 5 WIZARDS 6 MEMBER PROPERTIES 7 SECTION PROPERTIES 8 ANALYSIS 200 CHAPTER 9 ELEMENTS PROPERTIES TOOLBARS VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS NOTE In some cases we may refer to SECTION PROPERTIES toolbar to see the properties of selected members eTo either view or hide one or more toolbars follow this procedure 1 Choose the View Toolbars command The dialogue box shown in figure 84 will appear You may also righ
30. and their length i Press PICK The dialogue box will temporarily disappear ii Choose two existing joints by consecutively clicking on them iii Activate the Number of multiple members to insert check box and type in the number of members iv Activate the Length of multiple members to insert m check box Type in the length of each member v Press ADD The programme will insert the members starting from the start node of the first member moving toward its end node The length of each member will be the one you have determined If the overall length of the inserted members is smaller the distance between the two joints you have selected the end node of the last member will not concur with the second joint 2 When you complete press CLOSE to close the dialogue box NOTE You can always cancel up to ten insertions of members by using the UNDO command REMI NDER The start node and end node that have their coordinates determined through the NEW MEMBER dialogue box are inserted automatically at the same time that the member is inserted VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 159 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS In addition during a member s deletion its joints are deleted as well unless one of them is connected to another member This means that if you delete a member that has a common joint with another one and a free joint only the free joint will be deleted with the member 3D TRUSS
31. are automatically created during installation NOTICE We recommend you not to move the projects you need immediately from the project directory of the program However if you do it they will not be available in the program To make them 66 CHAPTER 3 FILE Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS available use any copy or move method and restore it in the project directory The copying or moving a directory does not alter their content SAVE As with almost all programs that operate under Windows the frequent use of the SAVE command is recommended The reasons you have to save your work frequently are many but the most practical value of this command is one and simple it is the only way that minimizes the possibility to permanently lose data To save your work follow the procedure 1 LC the command File gt Save or the icon NOTICE The command that is equivalent to SAVE is Save and not Save As As it has been pointed the program cannot save in a directory other than the default one I MPORTANT Every time you select SAVE the program frees all memory that it uses to save data and permanently saves them in the hard drive In other words this means that you cannot anymore undo your actions As with the other Windows programs the undo command is valid only for data that is stored in the system memory The frequency of the use of this command is therefore relevant to your wish to save your
32. cm 4 L Connecting beam s length in m ATTENTION The programme will consider all stress values axial intersecting moments during setting the footing s dimensions Therefore in some cases the connecting beams intersecting one if described can relieve the footing On the footings dimensions set screen we can see an indicative draft of how the footing s sides and angles are numbered eConnecting beams are placed as shown in the draft More analytically 1 The connecting beam that has been described on side 1 is always considered by the programme to be parallel to the global X axis 2 The connecting beam that has been described on side 2 is always considered by the programme to be parallel to the global Y axis 194 CHAPTER 8 COLUMN BASE DESIGN FOUNDATION DESIGN VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS The connecting beam that has been described on side 3 is always considered by the programme to be parallel to the global X axis The connecting beam that has been described on side 4 is always considered by the programme to be parallel to the global Y axis irrespective of the member s angle and Lx Ly dimensions rotation VERIFICATION When all data has been introduced the footing s analysis can start by activating the Verification function key The programme will stop the calculations to display the appropriate message on your screen in case of an excess in relation to a loading combination
33. composition DRAWING SORT VK STEEL PART MEMBERS NODE DRAWIMG FRAME NODE STRUCTURE Y Y DRAWING TRUSS NODE Y Y CONNECTION DRAWING FOUNDATION Y DRAWING COLUMN Y DRAWING FRAME NODE Y CONNECTION DRAWING Table 1 Drawing creation availability depending the composition of VK STEEL e g to produce the Frame Node Connection you should have MEMBERS and FRAME NODES the other parts of the program are not essential All drawings processing and printing is done in an autonomous drawing program which is installed in a separate sub folder in the basic STEEL program folder To confirm that the DRAWING part is properly installed look for the ICAD directory in STEEL This drawing platform is based in 4M s IntelliCAD and has similar functions with AutoCAD A FIRST CONTACT WITH THE WORKI NG ENVI RONMENT General The VK STEEL program is based on the object oriented data processing technology The formation of the simulation to be analyzed the graphic display of the mathematical model is reduced to the insertion of the elements and calculation of their properties VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 9 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Elements for STEEL are the nodes and members Depending on the element type the program forms the properties directory The node object for example is the meeting point of the center axes of the members so the properties direc
34. data and to be able to undo your actions VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 67 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS IMPORT VK STEEL has an integrated graphic environment and an array of tools that allow the model s definition The modeling of the structure consists of the consecutive insertion of the members that comprise it through the help of appropriate commands This is the most usual way to define a structure However under some circumstances which will be explained in this paragraph you have the option to insert the entire structure overriding almost the whole members insertion procedure The principal of a structure insertion is simple you import to STEEL a file that includes all information that is needed for the defining of a structure You go on to defining the elements properties members and nodes and the defining of the codes and load parameters The VK STEEL program provides the option to insert two types of files DXF format files ASCII TXT format files The selection of the insert file is achieved through the dialogue box of image 20 To start the structure defining procedure form an existing file you should do it through the options of the IMPORT dialogue box Follow the procedure 1 Start the program 2 Create a new project the way it was previously described 3 Do all actions that are described in the ESSENTIAL ACTIONS BEFORE FILE INSERTION paragraph 4 Select with LC the
35. details read the Load Combinations paragraph of the PARAMETERS MENU chapter e IMPORT ASCII FORMAT FILES The ASCII format file is the simplest form of a file since it includes information in alphanumerical characters that comprise the text or the tables without the format parameters the text editors add like MS WORD Many programs that perform structural analysis on steel structures provide the option to export file of this type which include structure members and nodes geometry parameters in table format The goal is compatibility with other programs to the extent that is possible and to avoid additional work by repeating the time consuming structure defining procedure The VK STEEL program needs two ASCII format files to fully insert he structure geometry The one should include the coordinates of all the structure nodes and the second one the information on members connection and optionally some of their properties CAUTION Those files should strictly follow a certain composition You can look for details about the structure of those files in the VK STEEL help system on the chapter FILE IMPORT STRUCTURE In case you find any differences in the files structure you should correct them using any ASCII files processing program Provided that you have those two files and have checked their structure follow the procedure 1 Follow the instruction that were described in the two previous paragraphs 2 Save the two TXT fil
36. drive Speed 16X or higher 5 Monitor Resolution at least 800x600 For a system operating Windows NT 4 0 with SP4 2000 1 Processor Intel Pentium 111 500 MHz or higher 2 System Memory 128 MB RAM or higher 3 Storing space At least 20 MB free hard disk space fo program installation and 200 MB for its operation 4 CD ROM drive Speed 16X or higher 5 Monitor Resolution at least 800x600 I NSTALLATI ON To install VK STEEL the following are required 1 The program installation disk 2 The locking device HASP 6 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTI ON VK STEEL 3 DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Optionally the detailed installation guide that can be found in the program packaging Before you start the installation make sure of the following All the requirements of the unit System and Software requirements are met Your system has been booted without problems and the operating system has been loaded No other application is running If there is one you have to terminate it The virus protection application you are using is does not forbid system files installation Those files are installed in the c windows and c windows system directories The directory names may differ according to the options you had chosen during Windows installation The same also applies for performance checking programs you may have If it is seems difficult for you to accordingly modify your settings you can te
37. is given in KN m and depends on the concrete s quality Table 2 2 paragraph 2 5 2 0 5 Young Moduls of Steel in KN m e g 20000 KN m If we have chosen EC3 regulation steel s pliancy counter value is given in KN m For all steel qualities this value is 200 Gpa paragraph 3 1 6 2 of N Q 2 Characteristic Concrete Compressive Strenght FcK in Mpa e g 16 Table 2 1 of Q 2 Characteristic Steel Tensile Strenght Fyk in Mpa e g 400 paragraph 3 1 3 of N Q 2 Characteristic Tensile Strenght of Shear Reinf Fywk in Mpa e g 400 The value of the steel that the stirrups of the connecting beams are made of is given in Mpa paragraph 3 1 3 of N Q Concrete Partial Factor of Safety yc Fcd Fck yc yc is concrete s safety factor and for basic combinations or for combinations unpredictable in earthquakes yc s values equals 1 5 while for functionality combination yc s value becomes 1 according to table 6 6 of N K Q 2 Maximum Concrete Stress COEFFICIENT x Fcd e g 0 85 Multiplying factor of concrete s maximum resistance For basic and unpredictable combinations its value is O 85 according to paragraph 10 4 3 1 of N K Q 2 For functionality combinations its value becomes 0 60 according to paragraphs 15 2 and 15 4 of N Q 2 Steel Partial Factor of Safety ys Fyd Fyk ys For basic and unpredictable combinations in earthquakes its value is 1 15 according to ta
38. member s support conditions without changing the type of the section You are also able to change the steel quality and keep the same type of section NOTE a change has been made any of the section s properties the UPDATE key will be activated When all changes are made press this key to save them VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 209 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS MEMBERS LOADS The second tab of the SECTION PROPERTIES BOX is that of MEMBERS LOADS Geometry Members Loads Name 1 Load Cases B kN m ifo gu Local Global CX t Z VY Update d Find Member Figure 89 The MEMBERS LOADS tab Here as in the GEOMETY tab the member s loading elements are introduced after the member has already been selected view and modify if necessary a member s loading choose this procedure 1 Use one of the selection methods to choose a member 210 CHAPTER 9 ELEMENTS PROPERTIES TOOLBARS VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 2 Click on the LOAD CASES field in the MEMBERS LOADS tab of the SECTION PROPERTIES box 3 Click again on the arrow The LOAD CASES list should appear Choose one of them 4 Check and correct if necessary the particular loading s application axis 5 Check the values of the Q P and a You can modify those after you click on the fields to activate them NODE PROPERTIES The user is
39. nt Rte eq eere ebbe b ER 240 Refres ons 240 ERR E 241 Window Menu 243 Connection 20 1 1 244 Select node for Design 244 te iet s e a dn 244 Select Connection 245 Connection Editor o rre s 246 TOOLS a 2 32 i dolci sila du PI Ha NGA ia 247 Edit Menu 2 248 Edit Menu 4 4 0 0700 2 2 252 THEORY i uere oeste ye Mes eese 254 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS VK STEEL USER S GUIDE CHAPTER1 INTRODUCTION VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS SYSTEM AND SOFTWARE REQUI REMENTS The VK STEEL program is designed for systems that are IBM PC compatible and are operating the following systems e MS Windows 95 98 98 SE MS Windows NT SO4 2000 e MS VVindovvs ME Minimum system requirements For a system operating Windows 95 95B 98 98 SE 1 Processor Intel Pentium 11 400 MHz or higher 2 System Memory 64 MB RAM or higher 3 Storing space At least 20 MB free hard disk space fo program installation and 200 MB for its operation 4 CD ROM
40. of content as well as appearance The goal is the transfer of information to be achieved through a readable and tasteful text Those requirements are covered with the implementation of PDF Portable Document Format technology by the Adobe company in the formation of all text files of the aforementioned titles So apart from the printed user manuals you also have at your disposal their files in electronic format The great advantage of the latter is the possibility to easily update them through their version upgrade that can be achieved at any time through the web site of the 4N VK company www 4m vk gr without having to wait to be delivered by mail or to repeat an installation You can get more information on those new ways and their availability from the site www 4m vk gr On Line Help While you are using the program you may have queries that you would like to answer without having to look the books VK STEEL is supplied with help files of the chm type NOTICE For the electronic help system to function properly you should have correctly installed Microsoft INTERNET EXPLORER This applies to all subsequent editions of Windows 95 SE or second edition English or Greek In the original edition of Windows 95 the help system will not function if Internet explorer is not installed Moreover there is no case for a problem to arise during VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 13 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS STEEL
41. of Subgrade Reaction Ks gt type 40000 b On lt Young Moduls of Soil gt type 11000 VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 37 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS PROGRAM FLOW USER ACTI ONS 30 Select from the list the 31 lt MODELING gt sub group and make the following changes a On Column Perticipation Percentage gt type 20 b On lt Perticipation Percentage in Tie Beam gt type 60 c On lt Footing type gt type 0 Having completed the defining of the essential parameters and after you have made sure that lt Set as Default gt is not checked press OK Your program will save your selections at the parameters file of this project 38 CHAPTER 2 AN EXAMPLE VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS STEP 4 DEFINI NG THE LOADS AND LOAD COMBI NATI ONS On the forth step you will fill in the load combinations table that will be used for the classification of the stress values during the members efficiency test Additionally you will separate the given load into member load and nodal load Follow the procedure PROGRAM FLOW USER ACTI ONS Safety factors selection and 32 Select with LC the Load Combination defining PARAMETERS LOAD COMBINATIONS command The Load Combinations table will open 33 On this table the columns represent the Load Cases while the rows represent the load combinations Each load combination to be valid should
42. of footing Cone based footings are considered stiff while box based footings are considered flexible Column Perticipation Percentage 0 100906 We set the percentage of a footing s moment of torsion that a column is taking up Column 1 Fixed We define the column s top as a fixed end or a pinned end Tie Beams 1 Top O Bottom We determine the connecting beams position They are set on the neck or on the ground B COEFFICIENT x Vcd COEFFICIENT i e 2 50 Factor is necessary to overcome certain practical problems By N concrete s resistance in shear is very decreased compared to concrete s resistance according to the allowable stresses regulation I e for C16 the allowable stress value is Vcd 2 2 kg cm while for 225 Vcd 8 kg cm This can be surpassed by increasing Vcd with a multiplying factor p 114 CHAPTER 4 PARAMETERS Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 10 Max acd We set the magnification capacity factor s acd maximum value that we want to join in the calculation The programme will consider in its calculations the smaller values between the behaviour factor q which is given on the calculation s box of the anti seismic factor and the maximum value of the acd that you are going to give in the foundation model parameter s group 11 Participation Percentage ly Tie Beam 0 100906 Set the percentage of the connecting beam
43. of the four types of a member s support conditions eFixed Fixed eFixed Pinned ePinned Pinned ePinned Fixed The list support condition of the above pairs refers to the start node and the second one refers to the end node Thus if you choose Fixed Pinned the new member will have its start node Fixed and its end node Pinned eFollow this procedure VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 203 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 1 By clicking on the list s arrow you will view the contents of the CONSTRAINTS toolbar 2 Click on the most appropriate condition 3 Use one of the members insertion methods to describe the new member EULER ANGLE The Euler Angle is defined as the amount of the diverging from a member s section s mass center axis rotation around the member s axis of length We consider the anti clockwise rotation of the above system of axis to take values above zero The angle is measured in degrees rotatbn ange Figure 86 Schematic representation of the EULER ANGLE S definition In this figure the x x axis is vertical to the plane defined by the paper with direction towards the reader insert the Euler Angle s value follow the procedure 1 Type the value of the angle in the EULER ANGLE field 2 Choose one of the members introduction method to describe a member 204 CHAPTER 9 ELEMENTS PROPERTIES TOOLBARS VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND A
44. once select the second icon FLANGES PARAMETERS The parameters that control the flange s application are the following 1 Flange Thickness mm 6 2 Minimum distance between flange and the member s side mm 20 3 Minimum distance between members on a flange mm 100 4 Distance between flange and welding edge mm 30 5 Distance between flange and edges mm 6 6 Rectangular 1 max cut offs 2 min cut offs 3 2 7 Max cut offs angle 9 85 The programme recognizes the perimetrical members and it can only apply the fifth parameter on the workpane s external perimeter ESTI MATI ON FILES When joints editing has been completed you are able to create estimation files ATTENTION Estimation files are created for every workpane separately but the programme will save them as one To prepare these files for a workpane it is necessary that the MEMBERS edit stage has been passed for all the joints of the workpane VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 221 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS To prepare the estimation files it is nessesary for the program to calculate first members welds bolds and flanges In other case no estimation files will be prepared e When your operation is complete the following message will appear Should the estimation files be prepared Yes or No If you choose Yes the previous estimation file of the structure will be deleted if existing and a new one will be
45. other steel qualities are not checked All sections you will select from now on will be of Fe360 steel quality Select with LC on the left side of the dialog box the IPB sections The table in the middle will show the list of all available IPB sections along with their properties With LC select the IPB200 section to select it Without moving your cursor away from the selected row with RC pop up the menu with the commands to insert the selected sections to the Project Library 21 With LC select the Insert Selected Sections command The IPB 200 section has been added to Project Library VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 35 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS PROGRM FLOW USER ACTI ONS 22 Repeat process 18 23 for the following sections e 80 e 180 e IPE 220 KT 40x40x2 6 Square Hollow Section 23 The Project Library creating process has been completed Notice that the arrow next to all section types that have been selected has turned to black Make sure that Set as Default down on the left is not checked and proceed to the next task in the PROJECT PARAMETERS dialog box which is the steel quality parameters check NOTICE It is understandable that the selection of the Sections is dictated by the nature and function of the structure As it was pointed in Step 2 it is essential that you have done some preliminary calculations so that you avoid multiple tests for t
46. process instead of the OK button chose the CANCEL button The program cancels all actions you have done so far OPEN This command enables you to open an existing project from the VK STEEL project directory The program looks for the project directory with all relevant files that are saved in the c vk windows steel meletes sub folder and accordingly formats the project window and menu To open a saved VK STEEL project follow the procedure 1 Start the program 2 Select with LC the File gt Open command or LC the e icon The dialogue box of image 17 will appear VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 65 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Open Project xl New Steel Project 100 first Open Project X Cancel Help Image 19 OPEN PROJECT dialogue box 3 LC the STEEL tab The window of image 19 will appear with the icons of the projects that are saved in the directory vk windows steel meletes 4 LC the icon of the project you want Notice that on the left window you can see the comment that is included in the project if you had typed it during its creation 5 LC on OK or the underlined text Open the project The program will open the project in question and all menus NOTICE The program can save and restore only the projects you create in this project directory This project like all the directories that are included in the vk directory
47. start which is due to the absence of essential system files of Windows To anticipate it you should install Internet Explorer 4 or newer Access to the ON LINE HELP system can be achieved either through the appropriate shortcut command INDEX of the HELP menu or by pressing the F1 key of the keyboard You can look for the subject that interests you with following two ways 1l looking for a specific article in the subject units where it is situated 2 using the search engine for words or whole phrases wherever they can be found in the articles of the help system The help files are automatically installed in the program installation directories Newer versions can be available without charge form the company site www 4m vk gr Looking for further help on the Internet The supply of information and in general services through the Internet is a tendency that is being adopted by most large software companies The 4 company through its web site www 4m vk gr covers VK STEEL and its users with a constantly increasing collection of various companions small programs and documents Among others you can find e The most recent Frequently Asked Questions FAQ file e Independent articles with explanation of select subjects e g regulations passages regulation implementation through the program etc Project examples Presentation of notable projects that were carried out with the use of VK STEEL Technical R
48. start up A Show next tip Figure 47 Tip of the Day dialogue box This dialogue box appears each time you start the programme and contains a number of useful advice It consists part of the programme s helping facilities If you wish that the Tip of the Day dialogue box does not appear each time the programme starts check on the check box Don t show tips at start up VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 123 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS MEMBER GROUPS Each group takes its name according to the position its members have within the structure By using this command you are able to modify the by definition names used by the programme and replace them by the ones you choose e To replace the by definition names of the groups follow the procedure 1 Choose Parameters Options Member Groups names command The dialogue box shown on figure 48 will appear 2 Replace the name of each group by typing the one you prefer on the appropriate line 3 Choose OK or CANCEL to confirm or cancel your actions Members Group Name List Vertical Brace Member X Cancel Figure 48 Member Groups dialogue box 124 CHAPTER 4 PARAMETERS Menu CHAPTER 5 VIEW MENU VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS General The View menu is the third from the left on the pevou The commands that this menu contains as well as a short descrip
49. system of footings and connenecting beams Although it is an independent program it is part of MEMBERS TRUSS NODES The Truss Nodes sub program takes over the check and design of truss structures nodes It also provides the possibility to produce drawings of the structure model To be able to check and design the nodes the truss must be previously described in MEMBERS To confirm that the Truss Nodes program has been installed you have to look for the Connection Design Truss command in the ANALYSIS menu of the program If the command is absent or disabled then the Truss Nodes program is not installed properly if at all FRAME NODES The Frame Nodes takes over the check and design of frame structure nodes It incorporates the possibility to produce its own technical report without reference to the one produced by MEMBERS and connections detail drawings To confirm that the Frame Nodes program has been installed you have to look for the 8 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTI ON VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS Connection Design Frame command in the ANALYSIS menu of the program If the command is absent or disabled then the Frame Nodes program is not installed properly if at all DRAWING VK STEEL can produce and export most of the drawings that are required for the completion and validation of a project The following table features the sorts of technical drawings that are available depending on the program s
50. take form in the central screen Calculations are also going to take place in the same screen You have to insert the necessary data about the plate connection the bolts and the weldings as shown in the tools right window CONNECTION EDITOR dialog box The number of the joint of which the connection we calculate is recorded 246 CHAPTER 11 CONNECTION DESIGN FRAME VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 1 TOOLS PLATE Check if you wish the beam to be welded onto the plate If you wish the beam to be welded directly on the column s ngzApa do not check the box The programme will then un check the holing as this cannot exist without an end plate Thickness Width Height mm The end plate s geometric characteristics Steel Select the quality of steel for the end plate from the list that opens HOLING Mark the check box to describe the bolts used for the connection of the plate to the column If there is no plate and the beam is directly welded on the column there is no point in marking this check box REINFORCEMENT If you wish to reinforce the connection insert the reinforcement s data in this position Height The height of the section s part that is going to be welded for reinforcement Angle The programme cannot estimate how you are going to cut the section in order to reinforce the joint but it will consider the data inserted for reinforcement to be valid and applicable The
51. the first frame 28 CHAPTER 2 AN EXAMPLE VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Image 3 Ground Plan These images have been created with the program VK STEEL through the command Export To Image combined with the RENDER command Design Codes The regulations that have been followed are Forloads Eurocode 1 Aseismic NEAK Forthe members Eurocode 3 When it comes to other assumptions from the aseismic code the followig assumptions have been taken 1 The structure is in Athens 2 The Importance of the building is 22 3 The soil is class B 4 The building although a frame will be designed in elastic area section class 3 with earthquake behavior factor q 1 5 5 The foundation coefficient is 1 0 VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 29 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 6 C 3 0 Vo According to the assumptions above the components of the earthquake coefficient in the YX plane are Rd T g x x Rd T g 0 31 while the activity of the vertical component of the earthquake is considered negligible Loads For the load of the structure the following assumptions have been made e DEAD Dead load strains the secondary beams as distributed load The main beams are being strained due to dead load only on the secondary beams base points e WIND amp SUB PRESSURE The wind s load for the needs of the example has been reduced to only one direction with angle a I
52. x axis 6 Area cm2 The section s area Field of values YES 7 Gamma Angle Gamma Angle Field of values YES 8 Young Moduls Field of values YES 9 Sy Shear effective area factor Field of values YES along the y axis 10 Sz Shear effective area factor X Field of values YES along the z axis 11 Se Shear factor Field of values YES 12 Thermal The member s thermal YES expansion conductivity 13 Wy cm3 Resistance moment Field of values YES along the y axis 14 Wz cm3 Resistance moment Field of values YES along the z axis 15 Weight kg m section s weight in kg m Field of values YES 208 CHAPTER 9 ELEMENTS PROPERTIES TOOLBARS VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 16 Steel grade The quality of the steel that Field of values YES the section is made of 17 Constrains member s support List YES conditions 18 Member Group The group which the member List YES belongs to Table 19 The contents of the GEOMETRY tab Properties 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 and 16 of the above table are affected by the selection you have made in the section s type list Thus if you change a selected member s type of section by choosing another one off the list the above fields will be automatically informed This will not happen with the Gamma Angle and the boundary conditions There are not affected by the member s type of section In other words you are able to change the Gamma Euler angle s value as well as the
53. 35 e The second tab Section Library is divided in three parts 1 The Section Type Table which is set on the left side of the screen This table includes every section category in the section s library of the programme You can choose a category by left clicking on it 2 The Section s table which occupy s the central and greatest part of the screen According to the choice you made on the last table the section s table is formed In other words if you choose a particular sections category on this table you can see every section included in it You 98 CHAPTER 4 PARAMETERS Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS can choose a section simply by clicking in one of the table s cells If the section you have chosen is the first of the particular category the grey arrow which is next to the category s name in the section s type table turns black erg Sector Lien Ponari Freire Pannen ion miis Uras gaz ve Dh nie Cim 16 90 b Urram 834 P b Lola P m hs Den Lee X cess 7 Figure 35 PROJECT PARAMETERS SECTION LIBRARY 3 The three choices of steel quality just under the sections table This choice is made only by checking the check box next to the quality indication You can choose as many of the qualities as you wish you can even choose all of the three qualities at the
54. 35 1 50 0 90 0 90 3 1 35 0 90 1 50 0 90 4 1 35 1 50 0 90 0 90 511 35 0 90 1 50 0 90 6 1 35 1 50 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 7 1 35 0 90 1 50 0 90 0 90 0 90 811 00 1 00 0 30 0 30 911 00 0 30 1 00 0 30 10 1 00 1 00 0 30 1 00 1 00 1 00 11 1 00 0 30 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 Table 14 Load combinations table Note that the value of the safety factors varies according to the bearing structure On the table the loading case 12 does not appear since it does not participate in any loading combination 118 CHAPTER 4 PARAMETERS Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS INDICATION If you wish to add a loading combination on the table above you have to start from line 10 which is not obvious on this table but only on the corresponding one of the programme In addition in case you leave a vacant line a line on which all safety factors values in all the cells that belong to this line are zero then all the loading combinations below this line will not be considered during the dimension set performed by the programme OPTIONS The command OPTIONS leads to a sub menu where the following commands are found 1 Fonts 2 Colours Visible Items 4 Show Tip of the Day Member Groups 6 Toolbars Each one of these leads to a dialogue box consisting of a number of options All of the above commands refer to auxiliary functions and relate to the deve
55. CONTENTS VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS CONTENES nie D Chapter 1 1 NTRODUCTION enne 5 System and software requirements 6 6 Program Structures ERR ERE RA ERR nnn 8 A first contact with working 9 i Io Mete ME 9 User Int ractioh 10 The VK Steel entities oio tette Petron 11 Work Environment presentation 12 Looking for Help cred nerven rte e pe e ce oe iR 13 VK Steel Help System 4 2 13 User MANUAIS nte rea er denm enm eee re e rd 13 On Eine Helpsis INI INIM Mie 13 Personal SUPPO T sti asi dado deas 15 CHAPTER 2 AN 17 G n rali sesa ren ete MEE 18 Structure of the Example 2 19 LOOKING for Help uidet reto Rea ror REO ht 20 Abbreviations ehde on duru 21 Step 1 Creation of the project 23 Shortcut Creation ec A dat 24 Step 2 Preliminary work 26 Eritro d ctlon ate aaa ua re
56. CRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS NOTE We remind you that it is not possible to have more than one member diverging from the same joint If this happens you have to add a new member and ignore its dimensions 214 CHAPTER 9 ELEMENTS PROPERTIES TOOLBARS CHAPTER 10 CONNECTION DESIGN TRUSS VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS THE JOI NT PROGRAM S FUNCTI ONS WORKPANES The programme s primary function is the verification of the workpanes sub structures for which the joints are going to be designed Sub structures have already been partly described during the data insertion they are verified as main workpanes MEMBERS SET UP The programme will automatically arrange the members diverging from each joint of every sub structure The programme will also verify the successive bars that may exist considering the parameters you have previously set it will also distinguish the ones that are closer to the theoretical joint WELDS The required welds evaluation measurement of length and definition of position will follow The programme will carry out the regulation s check and use the allowable stresses introduced in the Material Library folder to go through this evaluation Parameters will also be considered FLANGES The programme will consider the assembly number and type of members that concur from the joint the dimensions of which are going to be set the
57. D Wind loading parallel to the X axis of the general system on the positive direction 6 WIND Y Wind loading parallel to the Y axis of the general system with a negative direction 7 WIND X Wind loading parallel to the X axis of the general system with a negative direction 8 SNOW 1 Loading due to snow 1 case 9 SNOW 2 Loading due to snow 274 case 10 OTHER LOADS Loading of non specified name subject to use according to the project s needs 11 LIVE LOADS Loading due to live loads It is going to be used for the automatic calculations of the seismic loads 12 THERMAL Thermal loading automatic calculation Table 13 STEEL S loading cases The participation rule for every loading case in a loading is very simple if the value within the appropriate cell is zero the VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 117 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS corresponding loading case does not participate If the value within the cell is other than zero the loading case it refers to will participate to the loading combination ATTENTION According to the regulation the value of the safety factor for each loading case is always different NOTE For the Allowable stresses regulation Each combination is characterized as H or HZ in the last column H0 HZ 1 Dead SeismicY Seismic Wind Wind Wind Wind Snow Snow Other Live Loads X Y HX FY px 1 2 Loads Loads 111 35 1 50 211
58. EEL CONSTRUCTIONS Old Greek Code NEAK Cypus Code and EAK 2000 Choose after considering the anti seismic requirements of the structural analysis and of the members check The codes chosen are not totally independent from each other For example a structural analysis that is taking place at the moment November 2002 and considers a building to be constructed has to be studied according to Eurocode 3 requirements along with the anti seismic assumptions and methods of NEAK If the structure under analysis was constructed e g in the 70 s and it is going to be subject to a sufficiency check then we have to select DIN and Old Greek Code NOTE DIN indication refers to the known German standards that were officially valid in Greece before being replaced by Eurocode 3 These regulations codes are also known as Method of Allowable Stresses cei Pr Sector t e Popa Convair Paras Paria Code Ui ea Leon D alcuna O ion Tarai Carp HC ri Level jem Them d Lisa nm Taka Dem X cone 7 Figure 34 PROJECT PARAMETERS DESIGN CODES DIN Old Geek Code IMPORTANT The contents of the code tab will follow according to the Anti seismic code chosen If your choice is VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 95 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTR
59. ESIGN VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS EDIT This key enables you to reset both values and particular column s dimensions NOTE If you have a member Type 0 connected to the plate it will appear nothing You can put desirable plate dimensions using the EDIT command After that you can continue with footing design NOTE By right clicking or pressing Esc after changing any of the above values the following message will appear on your screen Do you want to resume calculation with the DATA you provided if you reply with YES the programme will recalculate the end plate of the column s base considering the changes you have made to the parameters FOUNDATION DESIGN At this stage the programme carries out the description and dimensions set of the steel framed structure s columns It is necessary to complete the column base design and set its dimensions in order to move on to the foundation design eTo do the foundation design follow this procedure 1 Choose the Analysis Foundation Design command The window of figure 82 will appear on the screen Choose which joint you wish to be checked by left clicking on the FOOTING indication that you see on the top left part of the window When the joint s check is complete and its dimensions are set you have to return to the same area of the window in order to choose another one VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 191 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALY
60. File gt Import command The dialogue box of Image 20 will appear 5 Depending on the file type you want to import mark on the check box ASCII Files or DXF Files Read the detail in the following paragraphs 68 CHAPTER 3 FILE Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS CT x t ASCII Files Members File Name Nodes File Name C DXF File DF File Name Divide Arcs Filter f Number of Members Partitions of same angle value de Decimal Symbol m X Cancel Help Image 20 the IMPORT dialogue box ESSENTIAL ACTIONS BEFORE FILE INSERTION Before using the option of the program to import a structure from a file and for any file you want to use you should start a new project as mentioned and do the following in VK STEEL 1 Fill in he relevant parameters of the seismic code Old or NEAK EAK 2000 and the steel members design code DIN or Eurocode 3 For more details on the relevant procedures read the paragraphs Design Codes Material Properties and Foundation Parameters of the PARAMETERS MENU chapter 2 Fill in the Project Library the sum of the original sections that resulted from the first estimation of the structure For more VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 69 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS details read the Section Library paragraph of the PARAMETERS MENU chapter 3 Fill in the Load Combinations table For more
61. LBARS DIALOGUE BOX TOOLBARS dialogue box consists of a number of choices equal to the number of the independent toolbars If the check box next to each toolbar s name is checked the particular toolbar will show on your screen in its position or in the position it was left the last time the programme was used If its check box is not checked the toolbar will not show NOTE These toolbars by definition position is below the menu bar Alternative positions are the left and right side margins of the study window You can move a toolbar by keeping the left key of the mouse pressed over the double vertical bar of the toolbar and then move it towards the left or right margin of the study window When you have found the position you wish stop pressing the key of the mouse If you do that while in the study window the toolbar becomes a fly out menu Its title is shown on the top of the toolbar To remove a fly out menu follow the same steps with 134 CHAPTER 5 VIEW Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS the only difference that the mouse s indicator should be over the menu s title zone By clicking on OK you confirm the changes you have made RENDER It is extremely important for the correct structural analysis of a model as well as for the code check of the members and the connections to precisely define the rotation angle of the profile s axis around the length axis This angle is widely known
62. Main ones At the lower part of the screen you can choose CONTINUE or EXIT The first option allows you to verify workpanes The EXIT OPTION will return you to VK STEEL S main menu VERIFY WORKPANES If one of the previous options is checked the 3D structure will appear on your screen drawn in dotted lines Workpanes that have been verified by the programme we are excluded The ACCEPT option allows you to create a workpane s aqwe ym Either you choose ACCEPT or DELETE the verification of the next workpane will continue until it completes or until you choose END NOTE You cannot cancel a Main workpane but it is possible to ignore it during the design procedure VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 221 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS ACCEPT WORKPANES The JOINT programme s first important function is the verification confirmation of workpanes sub structures for which the joints are designed The structure s workpanes or sub structures verification or rejection procedure is the following After choosing CONTINUE in the JOINTS DESIGN WIZARD dialogue box the WORKPANE VERIFICATION screen will appear figure 96 A perspective draft of the structure that presents all members which do not belong to the first workpane suggested for verification in yellow will appear in the window The members that constitute the workpane to be recognized are represented in white colour To accept one of the wo
63. Members Loads table shown on figure 54 LETT io 1 Figure 54 MEMBERS LOADS table 132 CHAPTER 5 VIEW Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS QUANTITY ESTIMATION VK STEEL provides you with the ability to quickly pre calculate the quantity of the materials to be used for the structure s members described up to the moment you choose the command Always keep in mind that these calculations are approximate and in case you need greater precision you must search for the pre calculation tables resulting from the dimensions set of the structure s members e To make the Quantity Estimation table appear on the screen follow the procedure 3 Choose View gt Quantity Estimation command 4 If the table is too large use the sliding bar When finished click on OK to close the window Quantity Estimation table is shown on figure 55 gt Lex Figure 55 QUANTITY ESTIMATION table VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 133 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS TOOLBARS Show Toolbars command allows you to choose which toolbars or fly out menus will constantly appear on the screen while working on the programme To show or hide toolbars follow these steps 1 Right click on View Toolbars command The dialogue box shown on figure 56 will appear DENS x EF Wizards amp Member Properties Section Properties Analysis Figure 56 TOO
64. Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS NODES LOAD The NODES LOAD command presents the load taken by the joints arranged on a table This table as every table in VIEW MENU is of informative character No change made on the table will be taken under consideration by the programme You can change the loads taken by the joints only through the procedure of their description see ELEMENTS PROPERTIES paragraph NODE PROPERTIES e To make the NODES LOAD appear on the screen follovv the procedure 1 Choose View NODES LOAD command 2 If the table is too large use the sliding bar When you finish click on OK to close the window The NODES LOAD table is shown on figure 53 LI Lx Figure 53 NODES LOAD table VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 131 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS MEMBERS LOADS The MEMBERS LOADS command presents the data of the load taken by the members of the structure in the form of a table The description of these loads takes place either during the description of each particular load or after this description through the procedure of changing the members properties see chapter ELEMENTS PROPERTIES paragraph Member Properties To make the MEMBERS LOADS table appear on the screen follow the procedure 1 Choose View Members Loads command 2 If the table is too large use the sliding bar When finished click on OK to close the window The
65. N EXAMPLE VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Zum Fx Zum Sum Fr ANALTUIS JPATAF DATAF AMALTZIS j er a 25 44 Image 10 The Result Test Screen VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 55 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS STEP 7 MEMBERS CHECK After the structural analysis the relevant node displacements and therefore the member deformations have been calculated In other words we have found all stress magnitude everywhere where the program will run the checks During the checks procedure the procedure the program factorises the stress values and according to their position e g beams columns etc will run all Eurocode 3 required efficiency tests In case of failure the check stops and the relevant failure message will appear in a dialogue frame citing the member and failure type For this example we will change a part of a beam so that it fails Follow the procedure WORK FLOW USER ACTI ONS Section change for a beam 94 Select the command for this example only EDIT SELECT MEMBER 95 SELECT beam 3 96 In the Geometry tab of the Section Properties frame from the Section Type list select lt IPE80 Fe360 gt and click on the field right bellow The section of the beam 3 has changed from lt IPE Fe360 gt to lt IPE80 Fe360 gt 97 Repeat the procedure we have described in STEP 6 Members Check 98 Select the command ANALYSI
66. NALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS NOTE For more information about the angle search for INDEX A EULER ANGLE at the backpages of the book DEFAULT MEMBER LOADS Through the Member loads icon the user is able to designate each member s load before this is described eFollow the procedure 1 Click on the icon SS The dialogue box shown in figure 87 will appear Elements Loads 1 21 x Dead Load Q Kn m or z Seismic Load Y PKn or Tn Seismic Load X 0 000 wind Y du 7 Wind X d Kn m or Tn m Wind dPiKn or Tn 7 Wind Coordinate System CS 7 Snow 1 Loca CS Global CS Snow2 Seismic VertComponenth X CZ Live Load Thermal wv Update X Cancel Figure 87 The members load designation dialogue box 2 On the left side of the dialogue box all the loading possibilities a member as well as their check boxes through which you can activate a loading option Check the box that corresponds to DEAD LOADS 3 Type the distributed dead load s value in the Q field kN m or t m remember that the section s weight is automatically calculated by the program VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 205 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS In the P field kN or t type the value of the concentrated dead load i e a roof support beam s load in case you are not going to describe roof support beams In the a field m
67. ND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Choose View Render command By clicking on Render you will notice that it stays pressed which indicates the Render situation In the study window you will also notice that the chosen members appear with their section set on an angle equal to the one you have inserted during their description Continue to select members For each one you choose its profile s position in space will appear on the screen You can also use the appropriate commands to change viewpoint in combination with the screen Refresh command until you achieve the most satisfying result To escape the RENDER situation you only have to re click on RENDER through the View menu NOTE RENDER is basically used to check and correct the EULER angle In case you wish to correct this angle while you are still in rendering you have to choose View Refresh or press ctrl to see the new corrected position of the member The programme will refresh all the contents of the study window including the EULER angle which is modified 136 CHAPTER 5 VIEW Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS EXAMPLE In the following figures 57 and 58 you can see a group of members before and after rendering Figure 57 The chosen group of members before rendering Figure 58 The same group after rendering VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 137 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 138 CHAPTER 5 VIE
68. NOTE The colour of the chosen members has changed into blue which is the by definition colour of selected members For more information in relation to colours seek for COLOURS command Parameters gt Options Colours You cannot undo the Select members window command To cancel any selection of members you have made use the command UNSELECT MEMBERS 152 CHAPTER 6 EDIT Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS SELECT USI NG FILTERS This command enables you to choose a number of members that satisfy certain criteria you introduce The usefulness of this command is more obvious in cases of structures which contain numerous members of a great variety of properties one of which you wish to modify To choose members with the use of filters follow the procedure 1 Choose the command Edit gt Select using filters or the appropriate icon Y The dialogue box shown in figure 68 will appear Determine the criteria within the SELECT MEMBERS dialogue box by making the appropriate choices through the four drop down lists The criteria you have chosen are displayed on the lower part of the dialogue box If no indication is displayed there then no criteria are selected The four criteria you can select are a According to section type The list includes all the section types included in the project s library When you choose one of them all the members of that type will be selected VK STEEL
69. ON AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS must be reconsidered A mechanism is usually formed as part of a structure that includes hinges ANALYSIS This command starts the procedure of the structure s analysis The structure is treated as a frame within space so as for the stress values on its members and its joints to be determined These values are going to be used in every following part of the study for example during Members Check Connection Design etc NOTE In case you are interested in more information on the Structural Analysis method used by the programme search for APPENDIX A in the end of this book Before you start the structural analysis you should keep the following advice mind The description of you structure must be as error free as possible Thus it is important to know the structure you are going to describe and not to discover it during the description It is also expected that you have an idea about how the structure is going to behave when loads are applied before you determine these loads You can always correct any errors through VK STEEL S appropriate commands This does not mean that the advice given above should be ignored Great attention should also be paid to the members conditions of support Wrong evaluations in defining the conditions of support constrains usually leads to the appearance of mechanisms unstable sub structures and results to an erroneous structural an
70. OUNDATION DESIGN VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Set the concrete steel allowable stress interrelation see 17 3 and 17 4 Tables off 2 17 5 paragraph 22 Length factor for anchorage Anchorage bolt s insertion depth s reduction factor The anchorage length s a value a depends on the type of the anchorage bolts which connect the metal plate to the footing According to Scheme 17 1 of N K O S the factor s value for hooks is 0 70 while for rectilinear anchorage this value becomes 1 If you have selected DIN off in the MATERIAL LIBRARY DESIGN CODES tab some of the above parameters are modified as shown below 1 Allowable stress of concrete Tn cm Set the allowable stress s value for the footing s concrete in Tn cm 2 Allowable stress of steel Tn cm Set the allowable stress s value for the plate and the anchorage bolts in 2 3 Allowable stress of welding ow kg cm Set the allowable stress of the weld between the column and its end plate in shear in kg cm 4 Allowable shear stress of welding tw kg cm Set the allowable stress of the weld between the column and its end plate in shear in kg cm 5 Allowable stress of anchorage bolts kg cm We set the anchorage bolts which hold the end plate on the reinforced concrete footing allowable stress in kg cm 6 CURRENT By pressing this key you can set the plate s dimensions and also have the calculat
71. S gt MEMBERS CHECK The dialogue frame in Image 11 will appear 56 CHAPTER 2 AN EXAMPLE VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Image 11 The Members Design Dialog box 99 Make the following selections a On the Designation unity select Frames and Non Sway b On the Display Messages unity select Show messages on design excess and New failure log File c Make sure the Check all members check box is checked 100 Press CONTINUE 101 After a while the program will stop and the message of image 12 will appear VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 97 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS oriras iC Dana neamen com rerba 1 Dri sario aru U Desa ab cran chc li iic nadie 7 succ hans Posen Library Pe am aim bem Liban 2 Wemnber T a p esitim 17 IUJ meee From rtari for LC I Ob SRG e 0 e di SO SE Dumpcasaroo dua gxialsmiaxzal banin limit j 21T3 037 Imaae 12 The Stop in Excess window 102 103 104 105 106 The message says which member fails where it failed the load combination during which the message appeared and the reason Press CONTINUE This time the message of Image 13 will appear Notice that while w
72. SIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 11 ON NON Figure 82 The window of the sub programme that performs the footing s code check and sets its dimensions eS The footing s serial number At this stage the structure s list opens up Choose the support connected to the footing the dimensions of which you wish to set eDIMENSIONS 1 Ly the footing s dimension along the global Y axis in cm 2 Lx the footing s dimension along the global X axis in cm 3 Keep in mind that the footing s local axis system concurs with its global axis system 4 Angle the footing s rotation angle in degrees 192 CHAPTER 8 COLUMN BASE DESIGN FOUNDATION DESIGN VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS You are able to describe the footing by using any of the 3 following methods eFIXED POINT 1 cx the distance between the footing s mass center and the column s mass center along the X axis in m 2 the distance between the footing s mass center and the column s mass center along the X axis in m When we rotate the footing its local axis system rotates too As a result the cx value changes causing the Ym c value given in the global system along cx to change as well This happens because of the local axis system s rotation which by causing a change of the cx affects the Ym c s coordinates eDISTANCE BETWEEN SIDES 1 Point Select the footing s side or sides no mo
73. Select the bolts that you wish to move Click on Move and left click on a point onto the slab where you wish to put the selected bolt s Move the mouse to watch the change of coordinates in relation to the mass center of the group of bolts Click on the desirable position to view the following window through which you can correct the change in coordinates 250 CHAPTER 11 CONNECTION DESIGN FRAME VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Move bolts D fi4 bv hs Cancel Figure 120 The MOVE BOLTS dialogue box gt Delete Bolts Select the bolts that you wish to erase The programme will automatically erase the bolts and then exit 7 Cancel Action In the the lower part of the screen is displayed the operation that is taking place at that time Choose cancel to stop the proceeding VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 251 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS WELDING Insert the welding of the beam on the plate or on the column Set the welding s thickness in mm Follow the procedure below to describe the welding figure 121 f d Dmm Rum ssaP vm cma TTE Figure 121 The Welding tab of Tools dialogue box that consists of the commands related to a welding s insertion Click on the desirable position select a line off the section s perimeter Notice that the welding is designed as a rectangular and each part s dimensions are filled in
74. TEEL project window For circular member fragmentation or in other words to approximate them with a polygon line the program provides two options NUMBER OF MEMBERS In this field you should type an integer that declare the number of straight parts that will comprise the polygon PARTITIONS OF SAME ANGLE VALUE DEGREES In this field you should type the desired angle of arc to divide the curve part in elementary straight parts The number you can type is any reasonable value The program will initially try to divide the curve part in arcs with the angle you have typed and if this is not possible it will suitably adapt the value of the arc so that the result is equal arcs The approximation of the value is done on the nearest integer while if the decimal part is equal to 5 to the nearest even integer 72 CHAPTER 3 FILE Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS EXPORT The program provides three options to export files 1 In dxf format the familiar standard for drawing CAD programs including AutoCAD and IntelliCAD IMPORTANT the option to export DXF format drawings is available only if the independent DRAWING program has been installed With its installation a new ICAD directory is created in the main STEEL directory of the program 2 In ASCII format files 3 In BMP or JPG format image files Generally the file export makes sense if the structural analysis has already taken place and all membe
75. UCTIONS DIN Eurocode EC3 no obvious change will take place on the code tabs but the contents of Material Properties tab will change CHOICES FOR NEAK CYPRUS CODE 1 Choose a method of distributing the horizontal seismic load You have the following options a Equivalent Static Analysis Equation 3 7 NEAK or 3 15 EAK b Equivalent Static Analysis Equation 3 6 NEAK or 3 14 EAK c Response Spectrum Method Gr Code d Cyprus Code Distribution of seismic load according to equation 4 2 4 1 1 paragraph 4 2 4 1 of the Cyprian Seismic Code 3 LC Factor Live It is the factor of the live load s participation the moment the earthquake is taking place This value enters into the seismic factor s estimation as well as into the live load s safety factors but in seismic loading combination exclusively According to NEAK requirements at the time of the earthquake should consider that a 30 of the live load is participating Therefore the value usually typed is O 3 4 Thermal Loading Value Celsius Type in the value of the suggested thermal loading in the form of temperature difference The unit in use is Celsius degrees 9C e g 30 On the vertical right side of the tab you will find the anti seismic factor equation s parameters At this stage the seismic factors Rd t g on the main directions X and Y are calculated as well as the ratio Rd t Bd t which is irrelevant to the period see equation 2 1 of NEAK
76. VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 2 ob Concrete s stress on section in kg cm according to DIN or in KN according to N K O S 3 M Moment in T according to DIN or in KN according to N K O S 4 L C The loading combination off which the concrete stress s and the moment s value resulted eSHOW STRESSES By selecting this option the user can view the list of the loading combinations given in PARAMETERS LOAD COMBINATIONS By choosing any of the loading combinations we can view their corresponding stresses graphic representation in the central part of the screen for the allowable stresses method values are given in kg cm while for the ultimate resistance method values are given in N cm following function keys appear on the bottom right part of the window 1 RESULTS 2 VERIFICATION 3 EXIT eRETURN By activating the RETURN key on the second scrren of dimensions set the programme will return to the footing s analysis initial screen On the first screen of dimension s set the following keys are activated eRESULTS After the footing s dimensions are set the RESULTS function key is activated By pressing it we can view the results of the dimensions setting again on the second screen e VERIFICATION the information given above is still valid If you make any changes to the footing s dimensions if you add more loads for example you can use this function key to re analyse
77. W Menu CHAPTER 6 EDI T MENU VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS General The EDIT menu is the third from the left on the menu bar It contains all the commands of description and EDIT of the structure Generally you can access these commands either through the title bar or through the menu bar or even through the pop up menu which becomes active after you right click anywhere outside the study window The commands included in EDIT menu as well as a short description of those are presented on the following table 16 COMMAND KEYS DESCRI PTI ON UNDO 2 Cancels the previous command It is also working even if the previous command was a member s insertion COPY Ctrl C Creates copies of selected entities or of the entire content of the workspace into clipboard PASTE Ctrl V Transfers the contents of clipboard within your workspace DELETE Ctrl Del Deletes the selected entities SPLIT REBUILD DATABASE DYNAMIC VIEW Check the model s rotation NEW MEMBER Displays New Member 140 CHAPTER 6 EDIT Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS MIRROR SELECT MEMBERS SELECT MEMBERS SELECT USING FILTERS UNSELECT MEMBERS SELECT NODES SELECT NODES WINDOW UNSELECT NODES dialogue box Uses a selected plane as a mirror to create the reflection of a chosen entity or even number of entities Allows the user to choose an ent
78. X A S8 Fe Figure 61 EDIT II toolbar and the commands it contains 142 CHAPTER 6 EDIT Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS mN Figure 62 WIZARD toolbar and the commands it contains A simpler way to access a command of the EDIT MENU is through the two pop up menus that will appear on your screen if you right click inside the study window By right clicking anywhere but on a joint the pop up menu shown below will appear on the screen Undo Copy Paste X Delete X Split 2 Rebuild Database Dynamic View New Member Ah Mirror fa Select Members Select members window Unselect Members Select Nodes gr Select nodes window Unselect Modes py Wizard Cg 3D Truss g Visible Items Figure 63 EDIT pop up menu In case you right click on a joint or a group of joints the pop up menu shown in figure 64 will appear VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 143 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 1 Node Loads 5 Change Node Coordinates 2 Support Figure 64 NODES PROPERTIES pop up menu Each one of the following paragraphs refers to a certain command and includes instructions as well as general information about the commands function and usefulness If you need direct information about a command you might as well take advantage of the electronic he
79. able to access the joints properties through the pop up menu that will appear by clicking after a joint has been selected eThis menu includes the following commands 1 NODE LOADS 2 CHANGE NODE COORDINATES 3 SUPPORT NODE LOADS This command allows the user to insert loads that will be applied on joints These loads may be stresses along the system of coordinates axis and moments parallel to these axis eTo insert loads that will be applied on joints 1 Choose the joint by using any of the known methods on which the loads are going to be applied The chosen joints colour becomes pink 2 Double click on the joint The following pop up menu will appear Node Loads 5 Change Mode Coordinates 2 Support Figure 90 The pop up menu which presents the joints properties changing options VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 211 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS x D aad J Figure 91 The NODE LOADS dialogue box 3 Click on the NODE LOADS command The dialogue box of figure 91 will appear 4 Choose the appropriate loading case from the LOAD CASES list 5 Type the loads values in the fields of the Fx Fy and Fz forces values as well as in the fields of the Mx My and Mz moments values 6 Repeat steps 3 5 for other loading cases 7 Press OK CHANGE NODE COORDINATES This command allows the user to move a selected joint according to the variation of the selecte
80. alysis A very common example is the two dimensional frame lattice 2D frame which does not hold any ties on the direction vertical to its plane In this case although the conditions of support are correctly determined for the structure s members during the structural analysis the entire structure will be considered a mechanism on the direction vertical to its plane because of the absence of ties on this direction The effect of mechanisms on the structural analysis is traced at once by the structural analysis TEST which will show up after the programme has finished its calculations But mechanisms are 178 CHAPTER 7 ANALYSIS Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS also traced during the special diagnostic check off the TOPOLOGY CHECK which take place before the structural analysis Another procedure during which we should be very cautious is loadings designation The most usual error in this procedure is that of invalid loading But errors are also noticed in relation to the type and value of load As far as the type of load is concerned the user has to read carefully the relevant paragraph in this book where the process of describing loads is analysed as well as the Loading Combinations paragraph The load s value has to be realistic and to correspond to the units imposed by the regulations you have selected and to the units you have previously used during the members or other types of loading descript
81. and or the appropriate icons The corresponding aspect of the structure will appear on the screen MEMBERS LIST An important facility provided by VK STEEL is the appearance of the elements of the members that have been described in the form of a table 128 CHAPTER 5 VIEW Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS This table though is of properly informative use By using this table you are able to find a member s or several members identity very quickly since these are arranged next to their serial number on a table e To make the table appear follovv the procedure 1 Choose Members List command 2 Use the sliding bar if the table is large When ready click OK to close the window An indicative picture of the table is shown on figure 51 n 12 ea 1 E M ru m 1 3 4 ts i 1 t E i Figure 51 MEMBERS LIST VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 129 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS NODES LIST As in members list the NODES LIST command presents joints elements arranged on a table To make the NODES LIST show up follow the procedure 3 Choose NODES LIST command 4 If the table is too large use the sliding bar When you finish click on OK to close the window The NODES LIST is shown on figure 52 Figure 52 NODES LIST 130 CHAPTER 5 VIEW
82. angle we refer to at this stage is the angle formed by the horizontal and the bottom edge of the reinforcement You can use the Edit View Windows and Help options through the menu that will appear 2 EDIT Menu The Edit menu consists of the commands that you can see in figure 116 VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 247 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Figure 116 The EDIT menu s commands Zoom in Previous Zoom As reported before Connection type Parameters The window that displays the connection data appears on the screen the Plate s Thickness in mm dimensions in mm and the quality of the plate s steel If the beam is directly welded on the column un mark the related check box as well as the welding s one You can access the same data through the connection tab in the Tools window HOLING gt gt Select Bolts It is activated only if bolts have been previously described Click on each bolt to select it You can also use the arrow of the toolbar gt Insert Bolts Start by defining the bolt s type the quality from the relevant list and its diameter through the Tools tab Bolts You can also use the second from the left key of the toolbar 248 CHAPTER 11 CONNECTION DESIGN FRAME VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS By using the mouse Click on the selected position This will open a window that displays the coordinates of the selected point th
83. as EULER angle an appellation adapted by VK STEEL while in the international bibliography it is referred to as BETA or GAMMA angle NOTE You can find out more about the EULER angle in the paragraph name by the angle of the Members Properties unity of the ELEMENTS PROPERTIES chapter It is necessary for the user to understand this concept thus we recommend that you spend some time on it for your facilitation The RENDER command is used for the repousse representation of the members morphology which is not possible through the entire procedure of members description NOTE The 3 D representation of values and surfaces is generally one of the most demanding operations for the processor and the graphics accelerator Even today s PCs are testing their limits in cases of complex solids which require high quality of representation By presenting members in that way you can easily verify EULER angle s value for a member or a group of members In other words by using this command you can attain a satisfying representation of the arrangement of the members within a part of the structure and if necessary to modify the value of the angle To check the EULER angle of a member or a group of members follow the procedure 1 By using the Edit Select Members command pick member or group of members you are interested in the picked members will appear in a different colour VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 135 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION A
84. ata and ask for a re calculation If you return to the programme s original window and change the distance between the member and the plate s end for example from 30 mm to 15 mm through View gt Options gt Connection and then go to connection s calculation you must ask to Redraw Joint in order to have the old data replaced by the new one VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 253 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS BACK Click on Return to go back to a previous situation where you can draw the next joint If the connections calculation procedure is already complete and you wish to make some changes use the connection editor to open the programme of the connections calculation again THEORY Bibliography eChapter 6 Eurocode 3 about Connections Appendix J eBolts resistance in tension compression shear eWeldings resistance in shear stress tension and compression eColumn s resistance in shear stress tension and compression eBeam s resistance in tension and compression ePlate s resistance in bending eStiff or semi stiff link s check eNote that connections cannot be covered by angles 254 CHAPTER 11 CONNECTION DESIGN FRAME
85. bers check code and define all their relevant parameters You will also create the Project Library having made the appropriate choices from the General Section Library that accompanies the VK STEEL program The Project Library sections will be used later during members insertion STEP 5 The whole parameters defining procedure will take place through the PROJECT PARAMETERS dialog box Follow the procedure PROGRAM FLOW USER ACTI ONS Code Parameters defining 9 Select the command Parameters Material Library The PROJECT PARAMETERS dialog box will appear which includes all the essential code parameters which are organized in successive tabs 10 Pop up if it is not already visible the CODES tab with LC on its title 11 On the lists Design Codes and Aseismic Code select Eurocode EC3 gt and lt NEAK gt 12 Select the lt Equivalent Static Analysis Eq 3 7 gt for the lateral seismic forces distribution 13 On lt LC Factor Live gt type 0 30 14 On lt Termal Loading Value gt set to zero 0 32 CHAPTER 2 AN EXAMPLE VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 15 Make sure that the check box Set as Default is not checked On the right side of the tab make the following changes a Choose Zone II for seismic risk zone Choose S2 for category of importance Choose B for soil class Without clicking any of the Influence Factor of Foundation op
86. ble 6 0 of 7 For functionality combinations its value becomes 2 0 according tables 6 6 15 1 and 15 2 and paragraphs 15 2 and 15 3 of 2 This value 2 0 is taken out of tables 15 1 for 20 and 15 2 for maximum distance between the bars equal to 200mm when the class of enviroment is 3 or 4 and the steel quality S400 Maximum Compression Concrete Strain in Bending e g 0 0035 Concrete s maximum deformation due to 110 CHAPTER 4 PARAMETERS Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS bending proper or by axial stress vertical or oblique is set Its value is set to 0 002 according to paragraph 10 4 10 of N Q 10 Maximum Concrete Strain in axial compession e g O 002 Concrete s maximum deformation due to compression is set Its value is set to 0 002 according to paragraph 10 4 10 of N 2 11 Maximum Tensile Steel Strain e g 0 010 Reinforcement s maximum deformation due to tension is set Its maximum value according to paragraph 10 4 1 of N K Q 2 is 0 020 but we can also set the value 0 010 that was valid before the regulations were modified in 1995 as a limit REINFORCEMENT By choosing this group the FOUNDATION PARAMETERS tab is modified as shown in figure 41 SacicriL ram Preece Comer Paci Parasia 0 ae Figure 41 Tab FOUNDATION PARAMETERS REINFORCEMENT
87. brary card gives you the ability to choose one or more segmentations from the segmentation library of the programme as well as the quality of steel The segmentations you have chosen as the project s segmentations up to that point one or all of these you are going to use later in the member s insertion In the Material Properties card you can modify if this is necessary the quality parameters of the steel In the Foundation Parameters card all the parameters relevant to a columns footing and the foundation system are included VK STEEL is capable of framed structures settlements the columns of which are founded on a footing system with or without connection beams and also of structures without their foundation In the first case it is necessary to set the values for the parameters of these cards NOTE In case of a structural analysis that will not include any foundation it is necessary to define a number of SUPPORT MEMBERS These members are auxiliary and possess inertia of such values so as to be considered practically stiff VK STEEL symbolizes them as TYPE members A member can be defined as a SUPPORT MEMBER during its description see NEW MEMBERS and MEMBERS WIZARD by choosing TYPE O from the PROJECT LIBRARY see ELEMENTS PROPERTIES MEMBER PROPERTIES Like the rest of the members SUPPORT MEMBERS hold a start node and an end node One or both of these nodes are expected to be either PINNED or FIXED ENDS The
88. command is used in combination with the Copy command Follow the procedure 1 Select and copy the joints and members you wish and then choose Edit gt Paste Alternatively you can choose the appropriate icon or press Ctrl V Coordinates of displacement point relative to base point dx dy dz 1 X Cancel Figure 65 Members Offset PASTE MEMBERS dialogue box 2 Within the dialogue box figure 65 that will appear type the desirable values of any change of distance in the dx dy and dz text fields either in one or in all of them The programme will create a copy of the selected group of entities on a new workpane and in distance from the copy point defined by the values in the dx dy and dz text fields 146 CHAPTER 6 EDIT Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS DELETE By using this command you can erase selected elements or even the entire structure Follow the procedure 1 Select the entity or group of entities you wish to delete 2 Choose the command Edit gt Delete Alternatively you can choose the appropriate icon X or press Ctrl Del You can recall the deletion of entities by using the command undo DYNAMIC VIEW Automatic rotation allows you to quickly rotate the structure by simply moving the mouse This way you can achieve the best possible viewing angle particularly important for three dimensional structures Follow the procedure 1 Se
89. created By choosing No you return to the main menu without any creation or replacement of the estimation file taking place 228 CHAPTER 10 CONNECTI ON DESIGN TRUSS CHAPTER 11 CONNECTION DESIGN FRAME VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS PROJECT Menu The first one of the programme s menus consists of all operating commands of the projects files including printing commands e PROJECTS menu position and development is shown in figure 99 DE Desa sew Fr QE Comte mia Paden uvm DEF i L BL DI Hwee 1 Figure 99 PROJECTS menu 230 CHAPTER 11 CONNECTION DESIGN FRAME VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS INFORMATION This command allows you to view condensed information on your project Project name n 2 Comment nap ewun 7 Number ofnodes 32 Number of ler Number of supports 4 Figure 101 INFORMATION dialogue box MATERIAL You are provided with information on MEMBERS WELDINGS and HOLINGS materials When you choose the MATERIAL command the central window is formed as shown in figure 102 VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 231 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS did B 7 err hari chrii During 11 E E
90. d 98 Material 101 GonhectionS ndo 102 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS Foundation Parameters 103 Load nnn 115 OPLONS iiri ii o f ERES ERR RE 119 FOES 119 COlOUIS 121 Visible temes simin nisi iii ini land idee on aks a 121 Show tip of the day 1 ina aaa 123 sve ee Poda da da BRE 124 CHAPTER 5 VIEW MENU 125 oda t en n da TTG 125 Refresh cete A C rece Dona eate P E a 128 VICW si 128 Members e re Ae 128 Nodes LIS i gerant tte reete D e e riv 130 Nodes l oads 5 an eerte dre Pale a De i rax 131 Members Eoads nisi c ea E Red ee 132 Quantity 2 2 4 133 TOOIDARS DER ne ob ni IX 134 ocv Ew e T WC E Dr eia o pa es 135 CHAPTER 6 EDI T MENU 139 General Cre eerte dti dde e
91. d coordinates values eTo move a joint follow this procedure 1 Select the joint on which the loads are going to be applied The joints colour becomes pink 2 Click on the joint The pop up menu of figure 92 will appear i Node Loads b Change Node Coordinates 2 Support Figure 92 The pop up menu which presents the joints properties changing options 212 CHAPTER 9 ELEMENTS PROPERTIES TOOLBARS VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 3 Click on the CHANGE NODE COORDINATES command The dialogue box of figure 93 will appear Change Nodes Coordinates E xi New Coordinates Det tt de e Je Figure 93 CHANGE NODE COORDINATES 4 Type the values in the NEVV COORDINATES fields of the CHANGE NODES COORDINATES dialogue box 5 Press OK NOTE By moving a joint all members connected vvith it are going to move too SUPPORT This command allows you to define a selected joint as support 1 Choose the joint that is going to carry the loads The selected joints colour will turn pink 2 Click on the joint The pop up menu of figure 94 will appear i Node Loads Change Mode Coordinates 2 Support Figure 94 The pop up menu which presents the joints properties changing options 3 Click on the SUPPORT command The support symbol will be added to the selected joint VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 213 VK STEEL DES
92. d to consult an expertise b This choice is not available through every VK STEEL edition If you have the option of a dynamic analysis and you have chosen the Response Spectrum Method from Parameters gt Material Library gt Design Codes you have to set the number of modes Type this number in the Response Modes text field In the ACCIDENTAL ECCENTRICITY field make sure that the value remains zero for the great majority of models 2 Press OK to start the structural analysis When the analysis is complete the analysis TEST will appear An example of the TEST is shown on figure 79 180 CHAPTER 7 ANALYSIS Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS i Zum Fx I Zum 724 Zum Fr B TAF A amp HALTEIS AHALTRIS s m m m F S00 1 040 i ij sul LE II Figure 79 The analysis TEST window MEMBERS CHECK This command makes it possible for the user to check each member s competence Figure 80 Members Check dialogue box VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 181 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Follow the procedure 1 Choose the command Analysis Members Check or the appropriate icon If it is the first time you ever use this command for the particular structure the dialogue box of figure 80 will show up If you have used the command before a relevant messag
93. drag slowly the cursor to the right and bottom Stop when you feel think that the viewpoint is satisfactory VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 47 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS PROGRAM FLOW Define Secondary Beams 65 66 Member Load Correction 67 68 USER ACTI ONS At the Members Properties Toolbar make the following changes a Select the IPE 180 Fe360 section from the Project Library list b Select the lt Fixed Fixed gt option from the lt Constrains gt list Type 18 43 at the EULER field d Select secondary beams in the Members Groups list e Loads LC on the icon Dead Global Z with lt Q gt 0 250 kN m lt Wind Y gt lt Local Z gt with lt Q gt 0 70 kN m Check the lt Snow 1 gt lt Global Z gt with lt Q gt 0 05 kN m Uncheck all other options LC on the consecutive on the following nodes 2 11 5 145 6 15 7 16 Because the secondary braces in the middle bear a load that is greater than the ones in the sides we will correct the loads Select the command EDIT gt SELECT MEMBERS While keeping the Ctrl key pressed select members 18 19 20 48 CHAPTER 2 AN EXAMPLE VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS PROGRAM FLOW Define the rest of the secondary beams USER ACTI ONS 69 LC on MEMBERS LOADS on 70 71 72 73
94. ds On the draft the insertion point is pointed out by the red square The truss will be inserted in the study window exactly the way it is presented on the draft ADVICE It is preferred that the axis shown in the draft will coincide with the axis shown in the study window global coordinates system As in every dialogue box by clicking on OK you can confirm the changes you have made and by clicking on CANCEL you can return to the previous situation 170 CHAPTER 6 EDIT Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS ROTATI ON OF THE MODEL AROUND AN AXIS You can access the ROTATION commands only through the EDIT toolbar To rotate the model as shown in the study window around an axis follow this procedure 1 Left click on the icon with the indication X or Y of the EDIT toolbar Select the rotation axis off the list that will appear by clicking on it 2 Click one or more times on one of the two icons 9 Or Notice that the model will slightly rotate each time you click on those NOTE Use the command VIEW to return to one of the model s main views VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 171 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 172 CHAPTER 6 EDIT Menu CHAPTER 7 ANALYSIS MENU VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS General The ANALYSIS menu is the last one of the programme s main menus except the HELP menu which allows t
95. e 3 for the Eurocode EC3 and two for the allowable stresses DIN In other words the formation of this part depends on the regulation selected in the first tab Design Codes IMPORTANT It is not feasible to un choose a section but this is not a problem because the PROJECT LIBRARY the file of the programme where the selected sections are stored can take an unlimited number of sections Despite that you should be cautious when choosing section so as to choose for the PROJECT LIBRARY about as many as you are going to need for your own convenience Remember that you can add new section for the PROJECT LIBRARY any time you return to that tab MATERIAL PROPERTIES The third tab is the Material Properties one The contents of this tab as well depend directly on the CODE you have chosen in the Design Code tab For NEAK this tab is shown on figure 36 We should point out that no change is necessary for the parameters of the steel quality If you still wish to modify a value in the VALUE column you can choose the cell of your interest by clicking on it and then click again to open the cell The cell accepts the new value if it becomes white from grey You can then type the value in the cell VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 101 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Erret Parr Damna Stan ip Papin Connector ardane Paaran Targ Vcr JULI Eee 1 273 Sahip Faika t
96. e 50 Some of the commands consisting the VIEW menu are included in the EDIT toolbar Each one of the following paragraphs is dedicated to one command and contains operation instructions as well as general information for its usefulness and its function If you need direct information about a command you can take advantage of the electronic help system provided with the programme To access this system press F1 or choose the INDEX command from the HELP menu VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 127 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS REFRESH This command redraws the content of your workspace It is of the same use as the REFRESH command of the WINDOWS or the REDRAW and REGEN commands of AutoCAD Use this command in case you think that certain elements are not shown properly on the screen VIEW The VIEW command leads to a sub menu which contains the following commands 1 XY 2 XZ 3 YZ These commands show the bearing structure from a view point corresponding to the chosen plane IMPORTANT The plane that appears with the start of the programme the by definition plane is YZ The semi axis Z takes positive values upwards and the semi axis Y takes positive values towards the left X axis takes its positive values directed towards the screen opposite to the user To watch the structure in one of the XY XZ and YZ planes follow the procedure 1 Click on the SHOW gt NEW gt XY or XZ YZ comm
97. e and the parameters definition However inaccuracies in the structure s description and in a joint s formation may occur and must be corrected VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 217 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS In any case the programme will attempt to arrange each member in such a way so as to offer the member s largest side for welding However certain erroneous arrangements may result after the application We are going to refer to these cases in the following paragraphs The first case results from a mistake made during the description In the following scheme the programme recognized member 1 to be in Front of the flange Front Back Member 1 Member 2 itis trying to weld the larger side because the member s Euler angle is wrongly determined for this joint s geometry thus the flange cannot be welded The programme has chosen to retain the Euler angle s value it has accepted the angle s value to be correct It welds member 1 at the Front and member 2 at the Back If you wish the member 1 to be welded at the Back of the flange b shape you can only achieve it by changing the assembly reverse the end joint with the start joint Consequently the workpane s verification the members set up the weld s measurements and the flange s placement for the entire structure must be done one more time The second case is related to sections of double symmetry that have their side
98. e are still on the same member the failure is due to another reason This time select Overcome all warning stops for all remaining members Press CONTINUE again The program should not stop until the end 58 CHAPTER 2 AN EXAMPLE VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Danis 17 Devanzaca erae Nope En me ama eee V e o Men 3 20 maamurad from start for LE 2 DEC meting los sos id j i Image 13 The Stop In Excess window frame This time the excess is due to member buckling on the Z axis because of Load Combination 2 107 After having selected the CONTINUE button the program vvill keep on checking all members Because you have selected sNo more interruptions from all diagnosis in all members the Members Check will not stop even if it meets some excess This of course does not mean that the checks do not take place All excess messages are collected and written in a printable format file the appearance of which notifies for the check procedure end The excess message file will look like the one in Image 14 VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 59 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 108 Press CONTINUE A new window will appear the section modification results window
99. e bolt s mass center in mm Click on the numbers to correct them The plate s top left corner has zero coordinates Click on OK to insert the bolt on the particular position Insert bolt Insert bolts 5 x 150 Y 121 Cancel Figure 117 The INSERT BOLT dialogue box e By using a wizard Activate the Bolt s Wizard key either through the toolbar or through the Edit Holing Wizard menu Determine the dimensions that are shown on the draft and click on Next Set the number of bolts for each row as well as the number of rows Click again on Next to complete the procedure Distance between bos dyt immi This wizard will help you insert bolts Distance from plate age del mmi 0 Distance between bos d mm Distances mam edge dy imi Previn Hed Cancel Figure 118 The BOLTS WIZARD VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 249 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS using the editor Go to Tools gt Bolts and type in the coordinates of the bolts mass centers in mm considering the plate s top left edge as your reference point Figure 119 The Bolts tab of Tools dialogue box that includes the commands related to the bolts coordinates ATTENTI ON Bolts must be inserted in even numbers and in a row at least one row that includes two bolts The bolts that belong to the same row must have the same coordinate along the Y axis gt Move Bolts
100. e e 140 9 144 oM EIS 145 Paste E ERR EY eV e XR E v P e A T a 146 Delete ete e REPE dd dt vd 147 DYNAMIC VIG 147 MEMBER enar Eee ELE rfe Ra 148 din ve er LT RR WEE E TM ad ER PR ELA X 149 Select Members Window 152 Select Using 222222 153 Unselect Members eoe ere nd a e PP ts 155 Select NOd65 uis estate nba EE seti a a T Eu 155 Select Nodes WiNdOW 22 2 1 156 Unselect Nodes e a eo a 157 BIDS TRUSS Te 160 3D Truss TYPE T iini ceri balte rere lO P beds 161 SD Truss TYPE Q ng kada are beba aha hehe ee t e te ru e D 163 3D Truss TYPE ED RR XR ET ER Ras 165 S Darussa YVP SD tetti tetra Bale Ra do de dana Fete ao o a eua 167 3D rss LYDE Q ne e dina dee Deed te reae oe rete Di aec ss 169 Rotation of the model around 171 CHAPTER 7 ANALYSIS 173 Generali iot den a VESTEM VOCE RERBA MAR E Ma E 174 Topology CHECK nnii eee eS 175 Analysis UAE so st 178 Members Check EDU Ee 181 CHAPTER 8 COLUMN BASE DESI GN FOUNDATION
101. e e tat ro od haj ede 26 Preliminary model definition data 27 Step 3 Defining the project 32 Step 4 Defining the loads and load combinations 39 Step 5 Structure defining sss 42 Step 6 Diagnostic checks 53 Step 7 Members Check aaa nana aaa ann ann vep ever rreket 56 CHAPTER 3 FILE MENU ee sis ese siss OL IN rOdUC ON E C 62 NEW ine xev exe a EE me ERE Weeds rue Narr t Eu 63 255 ee MAY 65 Save quests UM ITEM 67 PAT OM REM CT P LE 68 Essential actions before file insertion 69 Import ASCII Format 0 70 Import DXF Format Files 2 44 1 71 EX POM sie torre e Dp over entes e v x Ex e ek ers 73 Export DXF Format Files 75 Export ASCII Format Files 2 2 77 Export Dr WiN gnoi ioiii abonimit 78 Print eese XN Ra EE AEE V MEET RR YU 81 E 87 Recent Projects ote eren p e EI eee 88 CHAPTER 4 PARAMETERS MENU 89 Generalinis EU E 90 MEKKE 91 Desigri codes 94 e cete toit AE dv
102. e included in the Members Table 3 Separately for the Nodes File and the Members File you have to define a name and its place in the hard drive or other drive LC in the typical file open icon at the left end of the File Name text field The typical Windows browse window will appear Type a name in the File Name text field and define where the file will be saved VK STEEL USER S GUIDE TI VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 4 Complete by pressing OPEN The file has been saved 5 the Export dialogue box select OK EXPORT DRAWING VK STEEL provides the option to export a series of drawings in a DXF file The creation of this file is undertaken by the DRAWING sub program which is not part of MEMBERS With DRAWING you can create floor plans view drawings etc of the whole structure or detailed drawings of the truss nodes connections NOTICE The relevant drawings for frame nodes connections are produced and exported in DXF form by the FRAME NODES CONNECTIONS sub program The workpane or workpanes identification through the NODE program procedure is a condition for the creation of any drawings Additionally the identified workpanes will have to be roughly designed so that they are created with the commands that we will describe in this paragraph In any case the final processing of the DXF file can take place in the independent CAD program that comes with VK STEEL e We are outlining
103. e joint that you wish to calculate The joint is marked by a yellow square If you wish to un select the joint recall the same command and select the joint you wish SELECT MEMBERS Use the mouse to select the members that concur from the joint and that you wish to connect It can be very useful to rotate the structure or to zoom in so as to gain a better view and select the correct members 244 CHAPTER 11 CONNECTION DESIGN FRAME VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Note that the connections library includes three types of connection each one consisting of two members SELECT CONNECTION TYPE e Connection type Figure 114 The Tool s library consisting of the types of connection The three types of connection are the following eColumn beam edge connection eColumn beam intermediate connection eColumn beam intermediate connection when members present different gradients Click on a type to select it When the type of connection is selected the menu related to the connection s management and calculation will open VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 245 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 21 Endplaie h Fiale Thickness 10 Yid mum 00 Height 252 Steal Fasen B Haling Stifener Height o Angle Jo Figure 115 CONNECTIONS options dialogue box The connection plate and the section of the beam
104. e omitted This will improve the appearance of the printings Select SAVE to save your changes in the template Select the PAGE LAYOUT tab The tab can be seen in Image 27 The commands that are included in the tab are the usual ones that are met in almost every text processor Select page size font page orientation format the borders and add page numbers When you have finished select SAVE 84 CHAPTER 3 FILE Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS Wizard Image 27 The PRINTOUT WIZARD dialogue box third tab 10 Select the SYSTEM VARIABLES tab The tab can be seen in image 28 System variables mention general information that will automatically be printed by the program You can modify each variable s text by selecting it and correcting the text that can be seen in the field bellow 11 Select the LOAD CASES tab The tab can be seen in image 29 In the two fields of the tab you can select which Load Cases and Combinations will be included in your Volume The selection can be made with LC in the relevant check box VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 85 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS TELET 0174 DLBITLCB Ca 1 T Bret T HE SLs 1 5IrLCTI OU 0971073 nm I 3PLC2 TOL pinum 554 22 4x Drric2 xri cs dare 12012 AICI 13H CTI OFLC 037073 1 D
105. e second menu from the left is the Parameters menu In the chart 5 that follows you can see the commands included in this menu as well as a short presentation of those COMMAND KEYS DESCRIPTION Material Library Opens the dialogue box Project Parameters through which you can specify the parameters of the regulations and complete the Project Library Load Opens the chart of Combinations Load Combinations Options Leads to a sub menu which containscontrol commands of the window of study functions Language Chart 5 The commands consisted in the PARAMETERS menu If you click on the word Parameters the drop down list of commands will appear on the menu bar as shown below Material Library 111 Load Combinations Options 2 Language Figure 31 The PARAMETERS menu and its commands The first two parameters are basic steps as far as the flow of the programme is concerned whilst the third consists of commands 90 CHAPTER 4 PARAMETERS Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS relevant to the formation options of the elements appearing on the window of study Each one of the following paragraphs is dedicated to one command and includes operating instructions as well as general information for the command s usefulness and its function If you need direct information about a command you can use the electronic help system that goes along with the programme To ope
106. e will appear You have to answer accordingly in order to continue This message will appear on the screen every time you use the command MEMBERS CHECK and the previous command used not the ANALYSIS one Answer YES to continue MEMBERS CHECK dialogue box through which the programme presents to you the checking parameters will appear on your screen Fill in the parameters and press CONTINUE After a while the time depends upon the number of members and the speed of your PC the BENDING FACTORS Table will show up In the BENDING FACTORS Table you can check and modify the factors Press CONTINUE to move on The programme will then start checking the members and at every excess it may meet it will stop the checking to present you with the appropriate message The messages dialogue box disposes six setting options Choose the one that serves you best by left clicking in its check box To continue the checks press CONTINUE 182 CHAPTER 7 ANALYSIS Menu CHAPTER 8 COLUMN BASE DESIGN FOUNDATION DESIGN VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT FOUNDATION CHECK With the COLUMN BASE DESIGN and FOUNDATION DESIGN commands the programme carries out a columns support joints competence check and sets the dimensions of the joints by using real profiles meaning that it is not possible to set the dimensions of joints which belong to support members These two commands cons
107. em in a file in case you wish to check them out another time 242 CHAPTER 11 CONNECTION DESIGN FRAME VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Failure report file Each time calculations are taking place even in case of a failure you can ask the programme either to create a new diagnostics file or to retain one diagnostics file where it will record every additional failure WINDOWS Menu This menu s options are related to the management of the windows that are simultaneously open Wr rrr 7 alli xl Bum epe veins Heli PLE 3 Ke Si 2 d 3 F dn Lali Hri six JI n m EX Figure 112 The WINDOWS menu You are able to open numerous windows and view them at the same time Cascade Arrange the windows one behind the other Tiled Horizontal Arrange the windows horizontally Tiled Vertical Arrange the windows vertically VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 243 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS CONNECTI ONS Menu This menu s options are related to the calculations of each joint s connection dpi ud F roe em prens Haki als xi 9 pesa dd m E eli T n FF erent M E ijr sti j En Figure 113 The CONNECTIONS menu SELECT NODE FOR DESIGN PROCESS Use the mouse to select th
108. embers Chosen Members etc Open one by left clicking on its arrow and simply choose the colour you prefer VISIBLE ITEMS This option is probably the most useful one because it is related to whether several elements of the bearing structure will appear on the screen or not The ability to hide information will be very useful in cases of complex or large structures VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 121 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS To choose which of all the elements will stay visible follow the procedure 1 Choose Parameters Options Visible Items command The dialogue box shown in figure 46 will appear Visible Items 4 zi xi All Members Selected Members Only Dead loads Seismic Y Seismic O Wind Y Wind x O Wind Y Wind X Members Loads Nodes Loads Members Names YF Nodes Names Deformed Frame Reference Plane Qy Diagrams 02 Diagrams TI Diagrams My Diagrams Mz Diagrams Seismic Vert Comp Live Loads Thermal Multiplication Factor 30 0 A d Cancel Max Displacement mm 51 Figure 46 VISIBLE ITEMS dialogue box On the upper part of the dialogue box you can choose whether all the members of the structure will be visible or only the ones selected You can select members by using one of VK STEEL S appropriate commands which are analytically presented i
109. en the column and its end plate in mm Allowable stress of welding ow Mpa We set the allowable stress of the weld between the column and its end plate in Mpa Allowable shear stress of welding w Mpa We set the allowable stress of the weld between the column and its end plate in shear in Mpa Allowable equivalent stress of welding ovw Mpa Allowable stress of anchorage bolts Mpa We enter the anchorage bolts which hold the plate on the reinforced concrete footing allowable stress in Mpa Anchorage bolt s diameter mm We set the anchorage bolt s desirable diameter a bolt s diameter is equal to its bore s diameter 20 mm suggested minimum diameter Area of Anchorage bolt section cm Set the anchorage bolt s core section area Minimum distance of anchorage bolt from the edge L k x danch k Set the anchorage bolt s minimum distance from the edge of the plate which equals the K factor multiplied by the anchorage bolt s diameter Set K factor s value Minimum distance between anchorage bolts a k x d anch k Set the minimum distance between bolts This distance is equal to the K factor multiplied by the anchorage bolt s diameter Set K factor s value Maximum number of anchorage bolts Set the maximum number of anchorage bolts that you wish to place on the plate The programme can take up to 50 anchorage bolts Allowable stress of concrete steel interrelation Mpa CHAPTER 8 COLUMN BASE DESIGN F
110. eport examples Technical Drawing examples 14 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTI ON VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS The update about the subjects and availability of this stuff will be done through the pages of the company web site PERSONAL SUPPORT If despite all this you still have queries or problems the 4M VK company covers the VK STEEL program with a full support scheme You can get more information on the terms the way and the cost of personal support by looking at the details of the annual contracts the company can offer Among the services that are included in personal support communication with local Authorized Dealers for all Greece or the Programs Support for Athens for answering any queries and solving any problems 4M VK Athens Headquarters Programs for Civil Engineers Athens 9 Mikinon and Makedonias st Chalandri 15233 Tel 010 6857200 Fax 010 6846237 Internet http www 4m vk gr E MAIL gen 4m gr or the personal email addresses of each support engineer 4M VK AUTHORI ZED DEALERS Thessaloniki CENTRAL MACEDONIA SILICON 75 AG DIMITRIOU STH tel 0310 240077 fax 240077 email silicon spark net gr amp A Petras tel 0310 323501 email petras classic diavlos gr http www silicon gr VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 15 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 16 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTI ON 2 EXAMPLE VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS
111. er is the option to process the complex drawings of a STEEL analyzed structure in AutoCAD Apart from this though it is also possible to process your drawing with any other compatible program e To be able to create and save the structure levels that you have recognized with the NODE sub program follow the procedure VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 75 VK STEEL 1 DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Execute the procedure that is described in the EXPORT DRAWING paragraph later in the same chapter and after you have finished follow the steps bellow In the Export to File tab of the Export dialogue box select with LC the DXF option button Type a numerical value in the Font Height text field Select which one of the colors that are available with the lists to define Text Color and Entities Color Finally you have to define a file name and its directory in the hard drive or other drive where it will be saved LC in the typical file open icon in the right side of the File Name text field The typical Browse window from Windows will appear Type any name in the File Name text field and define the directory where the file will be saved Complete by selecting OPEN The file has been saved In the Export dialogue box select OK After a few seconds the CAD drawing application that comes with STEEL will start where you will see the drawing of the level you have created NOTICE The CAD program tha
112. ere you can free the key PREVIOUS ZOOM The previous zoom replaces the one on the screen SELECT NODES FROM TO Click on this command to open a window through which you can determine from which and to which joint you wish to select figure 105 From node To node 32 Cancel Figure 105 The SELECT NODES dialogue box An alternative way to choose joints is by click on SELECT on the Tools right window This is the most appropriate way if you wish to choose a particular part of the structure VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 235 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS If you wish to view a particular part of the structure follow the procedure below 1 Select the joints numbers 2 Click on Layer Management Mark the Draw Selected Part option in the window that opens The part of the drawing between the selected joints will appear on your screen DESELECT NODES Use this command to open the window through which you can define from which and to which joint you wish to deselect joints An alternative way to achieve this is by clicking on DESELECT in the Tools right window 236 CHAPTER 11 CONNECTION DESIGN FRAME VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS VI EW Menu Choose the elements that you wish to view on your screen Figure 106 shows the position and development of the VIEW menu Bee UM Dr Hep le o GE a Le lin
113. es create DXF drawings and get BMP or JPG form images PRINT Opens the dialogue box for the creation of the project printouts volume EXIT Exit the program RECENT From the submenu you can quickly PROJECTS open one of the recent projects Table 4 The commands that are included in the FILE menu If you click on the word File on the menu bar the pop up command list will appear as seen in the following image 62 CHAPTER 3 FILE Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS D New 2 Open Ctr o Save Ctri S Import Export E Print 1 Exit Recent Projects p Image 15 The FILE menu and the commands it includes An alternative way to access the most usual commands is through the icons that are included in the FILE toolbar as seen in the following image INNEN beni g Image 16 The FILE toolbar floating menu Each one of the following paragraphs is about a command and includes user directions as well as general information about their usefulness and function If you need immediate information on a command you can take advantage of the online help system that come with the program To open the help system press the F1 key or select the INDEX command from the HELP menu NEW This command is for the creation of a new project Each one of the projects of VK STEEL is stored in its own directory in c vk windows steel meletes
114. es has been recognized The user is able to design joints with flanges as well as joints with frontal welding by choosing the appropriate command from EDIT menu MEMBER S POSITION Choose the POSITION command to relocate an allowed member see INTERVENTIONS The dialogue box shown in figure 98 will appear C Double Continue Figure 98 The dialogue box that will appear if you choose the POSITI ON command There are three possible situations Front Back Double as you can see in the dialogue box Change the selection and the member s form in the drawings will automatically change dotted if back normal if front SET UP MEMBERS You can define the members order when their POSITION is correct This is feasible by choosing the toolbar s second icon The programme will apply the selected order to all joints which belong to the workpane Alternatively by choosing the first icon from the left the programme will apply the selected order to the chosen joint The 224 CHAPTER 10 CONNECTI ON DESIGN TRUSS VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS joint that is edited by the programme will be designed on the screen NOTE If this order has been re used the programme will warn you that the rest of the data is going to be lost The final outcome depends to a great extent on the parameters that the user controls MEMBERS PARAMETERS By choosing the PARAMETERS command o
115. es in the project directory It is recommended that you should chose appropriate names so that you can easily distinguish the nodes file from the members file 3 In the IMPORT DATA dialogue box select with LC the ASCII FILES check box 70 CHAPTER 3 FILE Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS LC the file open icon under Members File Name and look for the members file in the project directory Repeat the procedure for the nodes file Press the OK button After a while you should be able to see your structure defined in your project window Go on to the next steps of the work flow e g change the members and nodes define loads on the members and nodes structural analysis and members check NOTICE The reverse procedure to the one we have just described is to export ASCII format files which is described in detail in the EXPORT TO paragraph later in the same chapter The program creates the two ASCII files we have described and gives you the option to transfer the geometry elements of the structure to other applications Apart from structural analysis programs such as VK STEEL the study of steel structures has brought out applications like MS EXCEL or LOTUS 123 into useful calculations programs In those programs you can easily create your own spreadsheets and import with one go the structure data form the nodes and members files IMPORT DXF FORMAT FILES The VK STEEL program provides you
116. eter the programme will automatically determine the number of lines that each page can take You also have to define from and to which joint you wish to print the results PRINTOUT The printings of the calculated joints are loaded on screen Click on the Printer key to print the results or click on RTF to save printing in RTF files which you can view through Microsoft Word WordPad or any other programme created to read such files Click on Return to close Printings SAVE AS DXF You can create the analysed joints dxf files irrespective of whether connections are competent or not Enter the dxf file s name in the screen that opens and then select joints in the next one You can choose more than one joints by either pressing shift and left click if the joints are continuous or by pressing ctrl and 234 CHAPTER 11 CONNECTION DESIGN FRAME VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS left click when they are not Click on Exit to close down the connections calculations programme The numbers you will see under the Exit option denote VK STEEL S last four projects that have been opened through the current programme EDI T Menu ZOOM IN Click on this command to replace the pointer of the mouse with a magnifying glass which you can use to enclose the area you wish to zoom into within a window Use the mouse to click on the first end of the window s diagonal and drag it to the diagonal s other end wh
117. ff the Project menu you can change the following values 1 Minimum angle for continuous bars 9 5 2 Minimum distance between members and ideal node mm 10 3 Minimum distance between members mm 30 Consequently if two members of the same kind have the same Euler angle and concur from a joint with their axis diverging no more than the angle given here they are considered to be one continuous bar When a member is given the priority to approach the notional joint and it does not constitute another member s part it will be kept in a distance of x mm determined in the second parameter The third parameter is the minimum allowable distance between two members except the composing members of a continuous one This distance should be kept not only between the members axis but also between their ends The fourth parameter appears only if we have asked for frontal welding without flanges We set the sections cut in joints from which three or more members concur See 1 2 scheme The ZOOM IN and ZOOM OUT keys are active during the joints design procedure Their function is the typical one WELDINGS The command you must choose next is WELDINGS off the EDIT menu VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 225 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS By choosing the first icon of the toolbar you can set the selected joints dimensions If you wish to set the dimensions of a workpane s joints at once select the sec
118. frame SECTION PROPERTIES make the Members Loads tab visible Select lt Dead gt and type 0 25 kN m at lt Q gt on the lt Global Z gt Axis Select Wind Y and type 0 45 kN m at lt Q gt on the Local Z axis Select Snow 2 and type 0 06 for Q on the Global Z gt axis 50 CHAPTER 2 AN EXAMPLE VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS PROGRAM FLOW USER ACTI ONS 78 Select the command EDIT gt UNSELECT MEMBERS Define loads through filters 79 While the structure definition has been almost completed we have not defined any live loads on the secondary beams We will define them with the Member Selection through filters method 80 Select the command EDIT gt SELECT USING FILTERS The dialog box of Image 7 will appear Select Members E According to section type 0 ti According Fixed Fixed constrain settings According to Load type Jan Load Cases According to group name Member Steel Jd Cancel Help Image 7 SELECT USING FILTERS dialog box VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 51 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS PROGRAM FLOW Define Roof Braces USER ACTIONS 81 In the field According to the Group select Secondary Beam Steel gt and press OK The program will automatically select all the members that have been defined as secondary beams 82 On the Members Load
119. fy the process more than others In other words it is not necessary to repeat to the last word this procedure in your next project Follow the procedure PROGRAM FLOW USER ACTI ONS Columns Insertion 39 If you do not see the MEMBERS PROPERTIES toolbar make it visible The toolbar should look like the on in Image 6 Properties x Fmec Fimec m Momber Steel 7 iki Imaqe 6 MEMBERS PROPERTIES toolbar 40 Select the IPB200 Fe360 section from the Project Library list 41 Select the Fixed Fixed option from the lt Constrains gt list 42 Type 90 at the EULER field 43 Select column in the Memmers Groups list 42 CHAPTER 2 AN EXAMPLE VK STEEL PROGRAM FLOW DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS USER ACTI ONS 44 LC on the icon The Elements Loads dialog box appears a the Wind Y gt option b Select the lt Local Z gt axis as load axis c Set the lt Q gt value to lt 1 5 gt d Press Update and close the dialog box by pressing OK 45 RC anywhere in the project window On the pop up menu select WIZARD You can select the same command from the Edit menu The New Member dialog box will appear 46 In the lt Start Node gt dialog box fill in the bottom node of the column co ordinates as follows 1 0 1 0 and 1 0 In the lt End Node gt dialog box fill in the top node of the column co o
120. g of cube shape connected with inflexible beams The support node is considered to be fixed and the assumption that there is a suitable mechanism that transfers the torsional moment to the foundation system To make more strict the overturning check of the footing the participation percentage of the beams their inflexibility of torsional moment receipt has been reduced In terms of the frames the nodes that connect beams to columns are considered fixed BEAMS The beams have been considered as fixed in terms of their connections to the columns as well as each other SECONDARY BEAMS The secondary beams have been considered as pinned in both sides ROOF BRACES We have already talked about the crosswise pairs of roof braces We should say here that they will be defined with a buckling length that is twice the actual one to make sure that the relevant check will succeed In practice the pair of roof braces is set up ready on the frame and consists of four members which are connected in their meeting point with a brace strut In the program we will define those members from the node of one frame to the one on the diametrical opposite of the other frame in other words we will define two members of each pair with length twice the actual one VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 31 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS STEP 3 DEFINING THE PROJECT PARAMETERS On the 3 step of the project you will select the aseismic code the mem
121. geometry and the parameters determined by the user 216 CHAPTER 10 CONNECTI ON DESIGN TRUSS VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS Based on these information the programme will determine the flange s best geometry as well as their width that will satisfy the selected Regulation s check best The JOINT will place and check the members on both workpanes of the flange RULES At this stage we are going to refer to the JOINT programme s few rules This will help you to avoid inaccurate results during the joints dimensions set following rules are important for the programme s function 1 Main workpanes must be successively numbered starting from 1 2 A workpane s joints must geometrically belong to this workpane 3 Only the workpanes that have been worked out under this code will produce estimate of quantities and design data JOINT S functions must keep their compulsive sequence Each one of these functions eliminates the following one s folders 4 A workpane s re verification will cause the elimination of all data related to members welds and flanges that belong to the particular workpane The new members set up results in the elimination of the data referring to the welds and flanges connected to these members INTERVENTI ONS The JOINT programme functions automatically The user s intervention is not requested in any situation apart from the workpane s acceptance or non acceptanc
122. gh the SECTION PROPERTIES tool bar you can check the loading application s integrity after members are introduced Through the same toolbar you are also able to modify them 206 CHAPTER 9 ELEMENTS PROPERTIES TOOLBARS VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS NOTE Loads cannot be un designated through the UNDO command SECTION PROPERTIES The SECTION PROPERTIES box appears on the right margin of the study window Figure 88 The SECTION PROPERTIES box Its most basic function is to allow the user to find quickly the selected members properties and to modify those eWe find two tabs in the SECTION PROPERTIES box 1 The GEOMETRY tabs 2 The MEMBERS LOADS tab The first one is divided in two columns The left one consists of the properties names while the right one contains the properties value or the available options VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 207 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS eEach fields Properties and characteristics are presented in the following table S N PROPERTY DESCRI PTI ON TYPE OF CHANGES FIELD ALLOWED 1 Profile The member s serial Indication NO number 2 Section Type Type of section List YES 3 Iz cm4 Static inertia moment Field of values YES along the z axis 4 Iy cm4 Static inertia moment Field of values YES along the y axis 5 Ix cm4 Static inertia moment Field of values YES along the
123. gram and create a New Project Every new project creates directory in C vk windows steel meletes as well as a first series of essential files The place where the program looks for the saved projects is determined and therefore you should not change it until you have fully completed your work If you move for any reason the project folder to another part of the disk this project will not be available anymore on the PROJECT dialog frame e Follow the procedure Flow User Actions Program Start Up Start the STEEL 2001 application doing one of the following 1 Select the WinSTEEL command from the typical Windows 5 gt 5 gt WinSTEEL menu 2 LDC the icon that you will find on Windows desktop If this icon does not exist read the notice bellow about the ways to make an on the Windows desktop VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 23 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS New Project 3 Select the command FILE NEW or LC the D The dialog frame NEW PROJECT will appear 4 With LC select the Steel tab and make sure that there is no other project with the same number you are about to use 5 Select again the New tab and LC the Project icon Press OK 6 On the Steel New Project dialog frame type the number 100 on the field Project and the text Simple frame structure on the Information field 7 Press OK The program has created a directoy named 4100
124. h it requires the existence of a relevant application Many programs or compression algorithms allow the compression of files but not of directories A VK STEEL project though does not comprise of only one file but of a group of files This means that for the right compression you have to create first the compressed file e g if you use the ZIP algorithm through an application such as WinZip the 100 zip file and you have to include all the files that are included in the 100 folder of the VK STEEL project This can be achieved with the help of the command Add to archive of the compression program VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 25 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS STEP 2 PRELIMINARY WORK REQUIRED TASKS BEFORE THE DESCRIPTI ON Before we move on to the structure definition in the program we have to mention some comments about the tasks that are required to be done first INTODUCTI ON The VK STEEL program is designed in such way that it allows any corrections that you may need to do during the model definition phase However the best way to start your work is if you have from the start a concise view of your data and you project s requirements specifically you should 1 Have a clear view of the geometry of the structure and also of the section categories that will be used In other words you should bear in mind any architectural or other constraints and have checked the extent in which the struc
125. h member you wish to select while pressing the Ctrl key Stop pressing the Ctrl key when you complete your selection NOTE the colour of the selected members has changed Selected members are presented blue on your work space For more information in relation to colours seek for COLOURS command Parameters gt Options gt Colours You cannot undo the SELECT MEMBERS command To cancel any selection of members you have made use the command UNSELECT MEMBERS VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 151 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS SELECT MEMBERS WI NDOW The second method for selecting members is more useful in case you wish to choose a group of members When you wish to select members by using a window it is absolutely necessary that both joints of every member you choose are enclosed within the window If a member s joint is excluded from the window then the member itself will be excluded from the selected group Follow the procedure 1 Choose Edit gt Select members window the appropriate icon Ba Notice that the mouse indicator has changed 2 Click on a random point on the left side and above the member that sets left at the top of the group of members you wish to choose 3i Click on a random point below and on the right side of the member that sets right at the bottom of the group of members you wish to choose 4 All the members included in the window have been selected they turned blue
126. he execution of a command is followed by the appearance of a message 3 CLOSE Sign on a button Other examples OK CANCEL 4 DIN Sign on a list or a field Select one of the contents of a list after you have opened it by clicking on the word with the left button of the mouse Left Click Abbreviation of the phrase Click with the left button of the mouse Right Click Abbreviation of the VK STEEL USER S GUIDE VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS phrase Click with the right button of the mouse 7 LDC Left Double Abbreviation of the Click phrase Click twice with the left button of the mouse 8 C vk windows steel Place of the It means The steel steel folder folder is in the windows file which is in the VK file of hard drive c 9 C vk windows steel Win Place of the It means The steel exe Winsteel exe Winsteel exe file is file in the etc 10 C vk windows steel Contents of It means All the the steel files and all the folder folders that are in the folder steel which is etc 22 CHAPTER 2 AN EXAMPLE VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS FIRST UNIT STEP 1 CREATION OF THE PROJ ECT FOLDER Working with VK STEEL starts with the creation of a new project and the appropriate adjustment of the program environment In the first step you will start up the pro
127. he selection of the appropriate sections for the structure in question and its load conditions For this example we have selected a IPB200 section for the column which is more suitable for combined strain in axial load and biaxial pressure while for the beams are mainly pressed elements main and secondary we have chosen 80 IPE180 and IPE220 sections Finally for the roof braces that act only in tension we have chosen square hollow sections 36 CHAPTER 2 AN EXAMPLE VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS PROGRAM FLOW Steel Quality Parameters Check Connections Parameter Check Defining the Foundation Parameters 24 25 26 27 28 29 USER ACTI ONS Chose with LC the Material Properties tab At this point the program allows the modification of the steel quality parameters Without making any changes move on to the Connections parameters Select with LC the CONNECTIONS tab At this point the program allows the modification of the welds and or bols that will be later used during nodes design Without making any changes move on to the Foundation parameters Select with LC the Foundation PARAMETERS tab At this point the program allows access to the foundation parameters which are organized in sub groups Select from this list the SOIL sub group With two successive LC in every field you can make the necessary changes Make those changes a On Moduls
128. he template which you saw in the previous tab On the left there are titles that while they are available they are not included in the original Select with LC the title that interest you in the window on the lef and LC the first button the one with the arrow that points to the right This title will be transferred to the window on the right which means that it will be included in the template contents The second arrow bellow transfers all the available titles from the window on the left to the one on the right If you want to remove one of the template contents that are in the window on the right use the buttons with the arrows that point to the right VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 83 VK STEEL Printout Wizard Select a Template Page Layo System Varisblez Losd Cases DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Hodes Docrdiesates DATAK Members Conneciivir Table DATS Members retia Table DAT AM EM gt md pe Members Design Tension and Bam Members Design Max Tension and a Members Design Buckling Members Dengi Shear and Tors Members Desin Al Brask Include Zen Values Bliss X cna Tue Image 26 The PRINTOUT WIZARD dialogue box second tab 6 LC the PAGE BREAK check box to select it Th program will place at the beginning of each unit a page break Leave the INCLUDE ZERO VALUES check box unchecked On the tables that will be printed the zero values will b
129. he user to access VK STEEL S help system The commands that are included in the ANALYSIS menu as well as their short description are shown on the following table 17 COMMAND KEYS DESCRI PTI ON TOPOLOGY CHECK Ctrl R Activates the structural integrity s diagnostic checks FRAME CLASSIFICATION ANALYSIS The structural analysis takes place in space MEMBERS CHECK It starts the procedure of designing and checking the structure s members COLUMN BASE DESIGN FOUNDATION DESIGN The foundation system is starting to be designed and checked CONNECTI ON DESIGN Truss Joints of trusses are starting to be designed and checked CONNECTI ON DESIGN Frame Connections of frames are starting to be designed and checked Table 17 The ANALYSIS menu and the commands it contains If you click on the word Analysis on the menu bar the drop down list that contains the commands will appear 174 CHAPTER 7 ANALYSIS Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS w Topology Check w Frame Classification Analysis Members Check Column Base Design Zp Foundation Design Connection Design Truss P Connection Design Frame Figure 75 The ANALYSIS menu and the commands it contains The user can also access the most common commands through the icons on the ANALYSIS toolbar which is shown below Figure 76 The icons of the ANALYSIS toolbar
130. ialogue box first tab 3 In the same tab and on the right side there are two options Selecting INTERNAL EDITOR the printout file when its formatting has been completed will be sent to the VK STEEL text editor for further processing e g page formatting font change etc The other option SYSTEM RTF EDITOR will send the printings file either to MS WORD 97 2000 or if WORD is not installed to WORDPAD The latter applies to most systems If you have another text processing program which is set as default then the printings file will be sent to you program provided that it can read 8 rtf format files 82 CHAPTER 3 FILE Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS NOTICE At this point we should make some clarifications on the term TEMPLATE The template is not a printings file itself but a collection of information on the formatting of many other printings files In other words the template is the matrix document based on which is the base for the creation of every other printings document that follows it The latter may differ in terms of content however to have exactly the same format and include the same units With this VK STEEL function you can if you have two different templates create to different printings files of the same project Select with LC the second in order tab CREATE A TEMPLATE The look of the tab can be seen in Image 26 In the field on the right you can see the contents of t
131. ided Cheat x cred Tue Figure 77 Topology Check dialogue box 2 In this dialogue box check the boxes of any pre check that you wish to take place Here you can also determine if you wish to see any messages in case of a problem by checking the Show Messages check box The programme will interrupt the checking procedure each time and it will present the appropriate message on your screen If you decide not to check the check box all checks will finish uninterrupted and the messages will be saved in the diagnostic s file 3 When all checks are finished the message Would you like to read the diagnostics file will appear on the screen if you choose OK a text box which contains the messages of the diagnostic checks will show up 176 CHAPTER 7 ANALYSIS Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS The integrity checks that the programme is going to carry out when you choose the Topology Check command are the following MEMBERS DEFINITION The programme will attempt to trace a sub carrier As sub carrier we define the part of the structure that is not connected through a member to the rest of the structure Usually sub carriers are formed when we delete members When a sub carrier is traced the user must either erase it or determine at least one member that will connect the disconnected carrier to the rest of the structure SUPPORTS DEFI NI TION The programme will search fo
132. inertia of 92 CHAPTER 4 PARAMETERS Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS the SUPPORT MEMBERS will not change by changing their length which is their only modifiable dimension meaning they are not subject to any of the sufficiency checks suggested by VK STEEL Do not forget that the SUPPORT MEMBERS are of theoretical existence and they are only used in order to simulate the conditions of support NOTE VK STEEL is already equipped with full libraries and parameters files stored as all other files during the installation process A typical example of a library is the Section Library table The parameters values and the libraries elements are shown on the Text fields and the cells of the Project Parameters dialogue box each time a new project is started The programme will always save a copy of the files and the libraries within your project catalogue in order to present a number of pre determined values with every new project even if you modify erase these values or add new elements during previous project In case it is estimated that the parameters files of a certain project are corresponding more properly to your needs that the pre determined values you are capable of changing them by checking the check box Set as Default before closing down the Project Parameters dialogue box The General Parameters Files of the programme will be replaced by the proper ones of the current project a
133. ion Especially difficult is to correctly define the EULER angle Read carefully the paragraphs RENDER VIEW menu and EULER ANGLE ELEMENTS PROPERTIES chapter The user has to carry out the diagnostic checks of TOPOLOGY CHECK before the structural analysis takes place Follow the procedure 1 Choose the command Analysis Analysis or the appropriate icon e After a few seconds during which you are going to watch indications of the calculation that are taking place the dialogue box of figure 78 will appear VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 179 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS VICSTERL Static Analysis 1 7 Desk tor Temporary Pies Accidental eccentricity eg 0 D5 m Restrict roistional dot of pinned elements Gon nur in case of urab xiructure Figure 78 ANALYSIS dialogue box a Select the disk in which you wish the structural analysis files to be saved The most appropriate one is usually the disk that the programme is installed in before we reach this stage we must make sure that all requirements for available space within the disk which are refered to in paragraph SYSTEM DEMANDS are fulfilled NOTE A structural analysis by VK STEEL does not lead to swap files creation Since all requirements that we have previously refered to are fulfilled the user is unlikely to meet any problems related to the system s function In case of a problem the user is advice
134. ions 5 Step 5 Structure description Modifications and corrections 6 Step 6 Diagnostic checks and calculation 7 Step 7 Members check 8 SECOND UNIT 9 Step 8 Foundation Design 10 Step 9 Connection Design VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 19 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 11 Step 10 Results LOOKING FOR HELP This example has been designed in such way that it guides the beginner user quickly and in a concise way in the completion of a project For that end the references to alternative ways to the same function or more detailed explanations have been omitted However if you need any clarification you will need to read the printed user manual where the relevant subject is explained in more detail For example in STEP 3 Defining the project parameters only the parameters determination procedure is mentioned which is needed in the project Details on the rest of the parameter can be found in paragraph MATERIAL LIBRARY of chapter THE PARAMETERS MENU An other fruitful way to look for more details is through the electronic online help system that accompanies the program For the same subject the materials and their parameters look for details following the next procedures Start up the program Press the F1 key or execute the command Help Index in other words select the Index command which you will find in the Help menu The electronic help window of VK STEEL will appear At the left side of the
135. ions for the anchorage bolts of a particular column recorded on the top left list 7 ALL By pressing this key you can set the plate s dimensions and also have the calculations for the anchorage bolts of all the structure s columns done In case of an excess the VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 189 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS programme will stop the calculations to display a message informing the user of which column is incompetent and why When the dimension s setting procedure is complete the programme will return to the first column s results results of the dimensions set are the following END PLATE S WELD STRESSES ANCHOR BOLTS DIMENSIONS width mm OX anchor bolts number B cm Ty dbolt mm width cm TZ anchor length cm OVW L C TABLE 18 The table containing the results from the dimensions setting and the column base s end plate s check eWhere eow Column plate main weld stress ety Shear weld stress along the column s Y axis eTZ Shear weld stress along the Z axis eovw Equivalent weld stress ovw 02 3T2 Va el C The loading combination off which the previous values resulted NOTE If we have chosen the Allowable Stresses regulation off the MATERIAL LIBRARY DESIGN CODES tab stresses are calculated in kg cm while for selecting EC3 the unit is Mpa 190 CHAPTER 8 COLUMN BASE DESIGN FOUNDATION D
136. is This ratio is usually 1 1 to 2 3 and very rarely 1 2 Minimum thickness of plate cm We set the end plate s minimum thickness construction requirement The suggested minimum thickness is t 12mm Maximum thickness of plate cm We set the end plate s maximum allowable thickness The suggested maximum width is t 25 30 mm 40mm in very rare occasion Same value for plate thickness for all suports 1 Yes If we wish for the end plate to have the same thickness for all elements of support the maximum thickness that will result from the calculations we type in 1 By typing in 0 the required thickness of each element s end plate will be recorded as it results from the calculations Net Cantilever length along a direction cm We enter the desirable length of the end plate s cantilever on the direction of the a dimension the distance between section and the plate s side Net Cantilever length along b direction cm We enter the desirable length of the end plate s cantilever on the direction of the b dimension the distance between section and the plate s side Min thickness of welding mm We enter the minimum thickness of the weld between the column and its end plate in mm Max thickness of welding mm VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 187 VK STEEL 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS We enter the maximum width of the weld betwe
137. ity or a group of entities Allows you to choose entities by WINDOW using a window Allows you to select entities according to attributes determined by the user Cancels the selection of entities you have previously selected Allows you to choose joints Allows you to select joints by using a window Cancels you previous selection of joints WIZARD Insert members by using the wizard 3D Truss Displays the wizard for inserting space structures Table 16 EDIT menu and its contents If you click on EDIT a drop down list of the commands reported above will emerge from the menu bar VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 141 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS Undo Copy Ctrl C t Paste Ctrl Delete Split 5 Rebuild Database Dynamic View New Member Aj Mirror Select Members Select members window Sy Select using filters Unselect Members go Select Nodes gr Select Nodes window Unselect Nodes py Wizard S 3D Truss Figure 59 EDIT menu and its commands You can access these commands directly through the icons which consist the EDIT EDIT Il and WIZARD toolbars see below Edit ai o X xhejqqaqa R agx z Figure 60 EDIT toolbar and its consisting commands Some of the commands belong to VIEW menu while other ones like Zoom In and Zoom Out are not included in any of the menus x Z
138. k NOTE The colour of the chosen joints has changed into pink which is the by definition colour of the selected joints For more information in relation to colours search for Colours command Parameters gt Options gt Colours You cannot Undo the Select Nodes window command To cancel any selection of joints you have made use the command UNSELECT NODES 156 CHAPTER 6 EDIT Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS UNSELECT NODES Uses this command to de select joints irrespective of the method you have used to select them Follow the procedure 1 Choose the command Edit gt Unselect Nodes or the appropriate icon amp to de select the joints you have previously selected You can confirm the change by checking the joints colour WIZARD The simplest way to describe members is by using the members wizard Members Wizard is a dialogue box which appears through the command WIZARD The Members Wizard is an advantageous method compared to other ones because it enables the user to define a number of members at the same time with two different ways either graphically or by typing in their coordinates and by two different criteria either by specifying the number of members or by defining the length of each member VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 157 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Follow the procedure 1 Choose the command Edit gt Wizard or the appropriate ico
139. l coordinates system As in every dialogue box by clicking on OK you can confirm the changes you have made and by clicking on CANCEL you can return to the previous situation 166 CHAPTER 6 EDIT Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 3D TRUSS TYPE 5 This type of 3D truss is shown in figure 73 3D Triss Wizard 1 Type 2 Tope E Type au Mri NA i cs H 1 Juaj ir iia meee n Figure 73 3D TRUSSES WIZARD 5 To create a TYPE 5 3D TRUSS follow this procedure 1 While the dialogue box 3D TRUSS WIZARD is open click on the TYPE 5 label The table shown in figure 73 will appear 2 Type the values of the repetition parameters in the text fields a n1 Its value equals the times that the rudamentary part has been repeated along the x x axis VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 167 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS b n2 Its value equals the times that the rudamentary part has been repeated along the y y axis I1 The length of the rudamentary part s side that is parallel to the x x axis d 12 The length of the rudamentary part s side that is parallel to the z z axis e R the radius of the diagonal member Type the coordinates of the trusses insertion point in the x y z text fields On the draft the insertion point is pointed out by the red s
140. lect Edit gt Dynamic View or the appropriate icon 2 Left click on any random point within the study window near the structure Move the mouse until you have the viewing angle that serves you best ADVICE Use one of the view commands XY XZ YZ to restore the view of the structure VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 147 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS NEW MEMBER The New Member command constitutes the principal means that VK STEEL holds for inserting new members But it is not the only one Other commands such as MEMBERS WIZARD can also do the same thing and probably in a better way It is on you to decide which one can adapt better in your way of working Initially the programme will perceive the new member as a linear element that connects two points in space the start node and the end node In other words to insert a new member before everything else you need to know its start and end node s coordinates As far as the rest of a member s properties are concerned you can define them before or after the member s insertion To insert a new member follow the procedure 1 Choose the command Edit gt New Member or the appropriate icon The dialogue box on figure 66 will appear 148 CHAPTER 6 EDIT Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS New Member x x m Y 2 m Start Node End Node Add Close Figure 66 NEW MEMBER dialogue box
141. lopment of the text or even of the whole programme and they are not considered as an essential step of the programme s flow In the following paragraphs you can find information for each one of these commands and their function FONTS To change the type of lettering used by the programme to create a text follow this procedure 1 Choose the Parameters gt Options gt Fonts command The dialogue box shown in figure 44 will appear VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 119 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS O Palatino Linotype PMingLiU Roman SAFon Figure 44 The FONTS dialogue box The appearing dialogue box is the windows typical one Choose OK to confirm a choice or CANCEL to return to your previous settings 120 CHAPTER 4 PARAMETERS Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS COLOURS e To change the colours of the elements e g joints members etc on your screen follovv this procedure 1 Choose Parameters Options Colours command The dialogue box shown on figure 45 will appear Color Selection x Members Selected Members Distributed Loads and Forces Bil Maroon ri Moments and Moment diagrams Back Diagrams Q Back Diagrams N Back Background white x Cancel Figure 45 COLOURS dialogue box There is a drop down list related to each one of the indications i e M
142. lp system that goes along with the programme To access the help system you have to either press the Fl key or choose the command INDEX off the HELP menu UNDO The undo command is one of the most useful commands of the programme elt is very simple to use it 1 Select the command Edit gt Undo or the appropriate icon EE The programme vvill then cancel every change you have made on your vvork since it vvas last saved Although the Undo command is very simple and easy to use there are certain details connected to its use which require the user s attention In VK STEEL action is considered to be the result of a command s single use For example if you copy the Members by using COPY command three times one for each member it constitutes three actions whereas if you copy all three members at once it constitutes one action Entities of the structure are its joints and its members In every action you take the results of the Edit and Edit ll commands related to the structure s entities are included Contrariwise the results of the commands related to the structure s properties 144 CHAPTER 6 EDIT Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS modification e g loads section types and the results of the commands related to the structure s appearance e g 200mm are not included The programme can undo up to ten 10 actions You should keep in mind that every time you save your work you
143. mporarily disable them and enable them after the installation of VK STEEL The locking device is firmly attached to the parallel port on the back of the CPU box NOTICE The locking device installation must be carefully done and as long as you have made sure that the central unit and the printer are switched off To install the program follow the instructions 1 2 Place the CD on the CD ROM driver After a short while the installation wizard will appear Follow the on screen instructions VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 7 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS PROGRAM STRUCTURE The VK STEEL program comprises of the following parts Members Foundation Truss Nodes Frame Nodes Drawing MEMBERS It is the basic part of the program In the working environment of MEMBERS you can describe your structure and calculate it You can also check the members adequacy The MEMBERS application is autonomous which means that the presence of another program or another part of VK STEEL is not required If no other parts of VK STEEL are installed then structure analysis is confined up to the members check In other words it is not possible to check the nodes whether it is a truss or a frame structure or to produce drawings FOUNDATION The FOUNDATION sub program takes over the check and design of the column base as well as the foundation members The structure foundation may be done either in individual bases or in a
144. n The dialogue box shown in figure 69 will appear si Kl Ti Zim fr Humber ni rambat ba inert C Length of mulipismenbers to rest n pes Tue Figure 69 Members Wizard a METHOD A Description of a member by inserting its coordinates i Choose the Number of multiple members to insert check box and type in the number 1 ii Type the coordinates in the text fields START NODE and END NODE iii Press ADD b METHOD Graphical description of a member In this method it is necessary that the joints have already been described i Choose the Number of multiple members to insert check box and type in the number 1 ii Press PICK The dialogue box will temporarily disappear iii Select the start node and the end node of the new member by double clicking on them The new member must not coincide with an already existing one c METHOD Graphical description of many members by determining their number and their length 158 CHAPTER 6 EDIT Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS i Same as in Method A with the only difference that into the check box Number of multiple members to insert you type the desired number and as joints coordinates you type in the coordinates of the first member s start node and the last member s end node d METHOD D Graphical description of many members by determining their number
145. n other words the vector of the resultant of the load that corresponds to wind pressure has the direction of the positive Y axis Based on this assumption the value and direction of the distributed load has been calculated on the columns and secondary beams for the case of positive pressure LC 4 Wind Y and sub pressure LC 6 Wind Y Because the frame does not have any draperies or other surfaces on a level that is vertical to the X X axis the load of the wind in this direction has not been taken into account while to avoid any complexity the relevant Eurocode 1 prevision has been ignored e SNOW For snow load the simplest case of different load has been taken on the left and right leaning surfaces of the frame Like in the case of wind the load strains the secondary beams as a uniformly distributed along them Snow load is being developed in two Load Cases LC 8 Snow 1 and LC 9 Snow 2 e LIVE According to Eurocode 1 even in cases of non passable roofs such as the case in this example the live load for the case of repair should be taken into account This load that will also be known as is taken based on the weight of the workers that will make the maintenance work 30 CHAPTER 2 AN EXAMPLE VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS The resulting load due to frame imperfections has been ignored as negligible Connections COLUMNS The columns are considered to be fixed on flexible footin
146. n the chapter EDIT MENU On the left middle part you can choose which one of the elements categories you wish to remain visible by checking on the appropriate check boxes On the right middle part you can choose the schematic diagram of the loading case you wish to be shown But it is necessary that you first check on the check box Members Nodes Loads If this 122 CHAPTER 4 PARAMETERS Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS check box is not chosen then no schematic diagram of any loading case will be shown On the lower part of the dialogue box there are two parameter options related to the way the programme makes the bearing structure appear when deformed You can modify the Multiplicaton factor or the Maximum displacement to attain a better view of the structure and then check the result on you screen As before these fields are activated if the option Deformed Frame on the left middle window is checked Otherwise the schematic depiction of the deformed bearing structure will not be visible Show Tip of the Day By choosing the Parameters gt Options gt Show Tip of the Day command the dialogue box shown on figure 47 appears on your screen Tip of the day x Do you know You can define which of the elements or the properties of the elements will be visible through the options of the VISIBLE command of the PARAMETERS gt OPTIONS menu Dont show tips at
147. n the system of help press the F1 key or choose the command Index off the HELP menu Material Library The command MATERIAL LIBRARY leads to the dialogue box of Project parameters shown on picture 32 rem rummi 02 Daag Dijes farinn Enri EC hinisna HEEF prn cem Ca ma rgi ry S Pren S piei Gar Arshi Er 17 MDAK or 215 F 54 T rie tof Dy 2 MEAK Ica 2 14 FE ro 100 Peta lacis 7 Paq s Docs r TET n wu Cun Cade T eme EN misafi n lcu abad Ju ua LE Facts Lei je E Renis Pia Parti xi us he Bai da Ded X cone Picture 32 The dialogue box Project Parameters Design Codes In the dialogue box four tabs are accommodated each one containing a group of parameters These tabs are Design Code Section Library Material Properties Connections Foundation Parameters ps ps VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 91 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS In the Design Codes card you can choose the regulation of settlement of the bearing structure the regulation of control of the structure s members and joints and to properly modify these parameters The Section Li
148. nates of the three points that determine the plane of symmetry will appear in the dialogue box a Type in the coordinates values b If the points that will form the plane of symmetry coincide with any of the existing joints instead of typing in the coordinates values into the text fields you can select these joints by using the mouse To do this you have to just click on PICK The dialogue box will temporarily disappear to allow you to select the joints Left click on three non lineal joints when you complete that the dialogue box will reappear 4 Press OK and note that a copy of the selected entities is set specular like in relation to the original ones 150 CHAPTER 6 EDIT Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS NOTE Under any circumstances you can recall this action by using the UNDO command HOW TO SELECT MEMBERS VK STEEL provides you with three methods which you can use to select members The first one is SELECT MEMBERS the second one is SELECT MEMBERS by WINDOW and the third one is SELECT USING FILTERS When using the first one you can choose one member at a time By continuously pressing the Ctrl key you can add more members to your initial choice Follow the procedure Ex 1 Choose Edit gt Select Members or the appropriate icon 7 a If you plan to choose a single member just click on it b If you plan to choose more than one members repeat step a for eac
149. ncheck the Wind Y check box a LC to the Pick button Select node 2 the upper node of the left column b RC anywhere in the drawing window Select the SHOW DIALOG command c In the End Node fields type 1 0 4 0 6 0 d LC on lt Number of multiple members to insert gt In the field bellow type 3 Press the Add button and then press Close program has created a beam and divided it to three equal parts Select EDIT WIZARD so that the New Element dialog box appears Click the Pick button Select the nodes indexed 7 and 4 At the Number of multiple members to insert field type 3 VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 45 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS PROGRAM FLOW USER ACTI ONS 53 Press the Add button and then press Close NOTICE If you cannot see the numbering of members or nodes select the command Parameters Options Visible The dialog box Visible Items will appear Check the options Member Names Node Names If the nodes themselves are not visible then you can check the Nodes option Defining the support 54 You will now set the start property of the bottom nodes of both columns to column nodes support joints Select the command EDIT SELECT NODES 55 Press the Ctrl key and keep it pressed Select with LC the nodes 1 and 3 the bottom nodes of the columns The selected nodes will change their color 56 Having
150. nd program Properties Frame Informational Functional On the one hand they feature all the properties of the object that has been chosen and on the other hand they provide the user with the possibility to modify them Message Slide Informational It features some of the useful information on the object that has been chosen Pop up menu Informational It is the same as all other menus only in this case it is called by right clicking on the project window It includes shortcuts and their content It is formed according to the object choice Table 2 Table entities and their interpretation VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 11 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS WORK ENVIRONMENT PRESENTATION Title Bar It includes the program logo as well as information on the number of the current project Graphic Display Window The model is displayed here and it is processed with the use of the graphic processing tools Toolbars They may be floating or permanently placed along the sides of the main window They include all shortcuts buttons of the program commands fmm db Message Slide According to the object choice information is provided e g about the nod or the member their number and their coordinates Menu Bar program commands are grouped one of the menus that comprise the menu bar s LPS 1 i 4 x
151. nd will appear every time you create a new project VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 93 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS DESIGN CODES The codes tab is usually the first one appearing after the Parameters Material Library command is executed The formation of this tab in order to combine Eurocode regulations and NEAK regulations is shown on figure 33 Demi Chis Geren Liam Famil Pup Francilor Duran Cinder EDT Anne HE Coe Zuma CENE fea Fach V Haidna En ATHEA E TE ERG sh aje Esini bish rar i Eu A NEAR a 314 rt ro pw Prha Pack qy C Pepo S pastum betor Conde LD Fran t FE 7 Dega O Posee Tp p F Taie Wisi oj pue Figure 33 PROJECT PARAMETERS DESIGN CODES EC3 NEAK e On the upper zone of the tab you can choose the appropriate code under which the members are going to be checked and anti seismic regulation In other words 1 The drop down list next to Design Codes indication consists of two choices Eurocode EC3 and DIN Choose one by taking under consideration the requirement for the structure s and its member s check 2 The drop down list next to Aseismic indication consists of the choices 94 CHAPTER 4 PARAMETERS Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF ST
152. ns and click on it The contents of the window on the right will be replaced by the table of the IPB HEB profiles Make sure the only steel quality that is selected is Fe 430 Choose IPB 360 and click on any white cell that belongs in the same line with its denomination The entire line will change colour it will turn blue which is an indication that it is selected Without moving the mouse double click From the fly out menu that comes into view choose the command Insert Selected Sections The IPB 360 section of Fe 430 quality is registered in the PROJECT S LIBRARY Observe the left window in the IPB registration You will see that the arrow on the left has turned black which indicates that the PROJECT LIBRARY includes at least one section from the particular category In a similar way by repeating steps 1 4 you can add as many sections as you want in the PROJECT LIBRARY Although there is no limit to the number of sections you can choose it is better for your convenience to keep that number as small as possible 100 CHAPTER 4 PARAMETERS Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS In step 4 in the fly out menu if instead of choosing the usual command Insert Selected Sections you choose the command Select all it is obvious that all the sections of the table will be added in the PROJECT LIBRARY Generally we do not recommend the use of the particular command NOTE The steel qualities ar
153. nt STATUS BAR Choose whether you wish this bar to appear on the lower part of your screen over the windows taskbar or not This bar will provide you with certain information related to the task you are currently operating You will find out about its function and utility later in connections REFRESH Redraws the structure on screen 240 CHAPTER 11 CONNECTION DESIGN FRAME VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS OPTIONS Click on OPTIONS to view the following three tabs figure 109 110 and 111 Figure 109 The OPTIONS DRAWING dialogue box Options Figure 110 The OPTIONS gt CONNECTION dialogue box VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 241 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS x Drawing connection Check Fallure report f Save messages to F Show messages and save to file Failure report nis C Mer ie Add to file Figure 111 The OPTIONS gt CHECK dialogue box e OPTIONS gt DRAWING Everything that the book refers to in Layer Management is valid here as well You can choose by window the elements that you wish to view on screen members and joints numbers selected parts etc e OPTIONS gt CONNECTION Enter the distance from the top edge of the plate that you wish the section to be welded in mm e OPTIONS gt CHECK Ask the programme to save these error messages in a file or to display those on screen and save th
154. nts and the way to export drawing from VK STEEL IMPORTANT The field next to the Decimal point index allows you to select the decimal point that will be used for the formatting of the exported files You have two options the comma and the point To decide which on of the two serves your needs make sure you know how the program you are about to use for the exported file recognizes the decimal point It would be useful if you do already know to confirm which of the two symbols Window itself recognizes as decimal point since this setting is used by most of the programs e g MS EXCELL NOTI CE More details on the use and parameters of each file format can be found in the paragraphs dxf format files and ESCII format files You can read about drawings in the EXPORT DRAWING paragraph EXPORT DXF FORMAT FILES The dxf file format is in fact a text file and was originally created for the communication between programs that could recognize it with AutoCAD This communication was and still is two way The generalization of its use made it the essential means to exchange data between the standard CAD programs as well as in general between all programs that support import export functions of this type Most structural analysis programs like VK STEEL and several graphics and image processing applications are the most usual examples of programs that are not drawing programs The main use of this file format for an engine
155. o N K O S 196 CHAPTER 8 COLUMN BASE DESIGN FOUNDATION DESIGN VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 7 TO Stress in punching shear kg cm according to DIN or in N cm according to N K O S 8 Fed Reinforcement against punching shear stress in cm2 MAX stress at soil 1 go Even soil stress in kg cm according to DIN or in N cm according to N K O S 2 ol Extreme soil stress in kg cm according to DIN or in N cm according to N K O S 3 N Vertical load in T according to DIN or in KN according to N K O S 4 MY Moment along the Y axis in TM according to DIN or in KNm according to N K O S 5 MZ Moment along the Z axis TM according to DIN or in KNm according to N K O S CHANGES The user is able to change various calculations and measurement the programme has made For example we can change the footing s height as well as its reinforcement along the X or Y axis 1 If you choose NO the new value will be set but no calculations are going to take place 2 If you choose YES you have to define you wish the programme to consider if necessary reinforcement in compression during the new calculations reinforcement will not be printed Similar changes can be made to connecting beams reinforcement either in shear or in bending eCONNECTING BEAMS 1 The connecting beam s required reinforcement in bending in cm VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 197
156. ocode 1 have been taken into account PRELI MI NARY MODEL DEFI NI TI ON DATA OF THE EXAMPLE Introduction The structure we are about to define is a simple space frame that could represent a shed Geometry The structure comprises of two parallel frames that are connected with secondary beams Each frame comprises of two columns of height 4 m and a pair of leaning beams with an 18 43 degrees angle from the horizontal axis The frames are connected by parallel secondary beams that as it is conceded take part in the structural analysis To avoid any unwanted relevant distortions a pair of bracings has been placed in each leaning plane comprising of members which it is conceded for that they take only tension Those members will be hollow beam of rectangular section and be connected to the main beams through brace struts The parallel secondary beams system comprises the main mechanism of load transfer from the cover of steel leaves of trapeze section with expectation in the load of future insulation of wind pressure and sub pressure by snow and moving loads temporary load as is provided by Eurocode 3 for frames with an angle less than 20 degrees The form of the structure can be seen in the series of successive drawings and images VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 27 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Image 1 Three dimensional model of the structure after its definition Image 2 View of
157. oint is the same with the one in the previous tab The program will respond by making the dialogue box of Image 23 visible 5 the CREATE DRAWING dialogue box select again the level that interests you and press CONTI NUE 6 If it is not the first time you create the drawing then the message of image 24 will appear Press OK to continue VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 79 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Create drawing Workpane Existing drawing Workpane 1 ok Continue Cancel Image 23 The CREATE DRAWING dialogue box Warning Bi xi You have chosen to create the drawing For the Foundation of which drawing already exists Choose for regenerating drawing 4 Cancel Image 24 The message box that appears when the program detects a previous drawing with the same name 7 n case another message appears press CONTINUE A few seconds later the drawing will be created 8 To proceed to saving and processing follow the procedure that is described in the DXF Format Files paragraph from step 2 80 CHAPTER 3 FILE Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS PRINT With the PRINT command provided that you have completed the project you can create the printouts volume The general logic of the program s printouts is adapted to the creation and export of an rtf format file so that further processing of the text with a text p
158. ond icon WELDINGS PARAMETERS The parameters related to weldings design are the following 1 Minimum welding thickness mm 7 2 Maximum welding thickness mm 20 3 Minimum length of continious welding mm 100 4 Maximum length of continious welding mm 500 5 Distance from member s start mm 5 6 Unit length of intermittent welding mm 50 7 Distance between parts in an intermittent welding mm 30 8 Minimum number of parts in an intermittent welding 2 9 Maximum number of parts in an intermittent welding 16 10 Continuous 1 intermittent 01 11 Slot Weld 2 1 Fillet Weld 0 12 Quality Fe360 1 Fe430 2 Fe510 3 user defined 4 13 Uniform weld thickness at joint 1 YES O No 14 Uniform weld thickness at sub model 1 YES 0 When we have asked for a frontal welding the 1 2 11 13 and 14 are the only parameters that are going to appear NOTE The programme will make the calculations and check the weldings based on the minimum and maximum width we have set in the parameters and not on any regulation s boundaries 226 CHAPTER 10 CONNECTION DESIGN TRUSS VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS FLANGES JOINT S last function is to adapt flanges on any joint and in any way that the user indicates You can set the dimensions of the select joint on which flanges are applied by choosing the first icon of the toolbar If you wish to set the dimensions of a workpane s joints at
159. onfirm that by checking the difference in their colour SELECT NODES To choose any joint follow this procedure 1 Choose the command Edit gt Select Nodes or the T appropriate icon 8 Left click on the joint you wish to choose If you wish to add more joints to your selection you can continue choosing the joints by clicking on them while you constantly press the Ctrl key VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 155 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS NOTE The colour of the chosen joints has changed into pink which is the by definition colour of the selected joints For more information in relation to colours search for Colours command Parameters gt Options gt Colours You cannot Undo the Select Nodes command To cancel any selection of nodes you have made use the command UNSELECT NODES SELECT NODES WINDOW This command enables you to select one or more joints by enclosing them into a window Follow the procedure 1 Choose the command Edit gt Select Nodes window or the appropriate icon a i 2 Click on a random point on the left and above the top left joint of the group of joints you wish to choose You can now notice that the outline of the window has been formed by dashed lines 3 Click on a random point on the right and below the bottom right joint of the group of joints you wish to choose 4 All the joints that have been enclosed by the window are selected they became pin
160. ple project 40 CHAPTER 2 AN EXAMPLE VK STEEL PROGRAM FLOW 36 37 38 DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS USER ACTI ONS At this point you should check the loads in relation to the load combinations you have just defined We recommend you to compare the table above to all we have mentioned about load assumptions at STEP 2 and at the Loads unit The loads values that will be defined as distributed along the member have resulted from the calculation of the weight surface in each member according to its position and angle e g Outside Inside members with an angle of the axes of the local coordinates system turned towards the load implementation level LC on OK to close the window VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 41 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS STEP 5 STRUCTURE DEFINING MODIFICATIONS AND CORRECTI ONS On the fifth step you will define the elements that comprise the structure and you will modify their properties The data insertion process is the most time consuming stage of your work For this reason the program has many alternative ways for the most necessary parts of your work so that the formation of the structure can be simplified In our case we have tried to describe the most possible ways The more you use the program the more you will see that depending on the individual requirements of each structure some of the alternative ways for the same work simpli
161. quare The truss will be inserted in the study window exactly the way it is presented on the draft ADVICE It is preferred that the axis shown in the draft will coincide with the axis shown in the study window global coordinates system As in every dialogue box by clicking on OK you can confirm the changes you have made and by clicking on CANCEL you can return to the previous situation 168 CHAPTER 6 EDIT Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 3D TRUSS TYPE 6 This type of 3D truss is shown in figure 74 30 Truss Wizard Type 1 2 Type 5 Figure 72 3D TRUSSES WIZARD TYPE 6 To create a TYPE 6 3D TRUSS follow this procedure 1 While the dialogue box 3D TRUSS WIZARD is open click on the TYPE 6 label The table shown in figure 74 will appear 2 Type the values of the repetition parameters in the text fields a n1 Its value equals the times that the rudamentary part has been repeated along the x x axis VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 169 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS b n2 Its value equals the times that the rudamentary part has been repeated along the y y axis 11 The length of the rudamentary part s side that is parallel to the y y axis d 12 The length of the rudamentary part s side that is parallel to the z z axis Type the coordinates of the 3D trusses insertion point in the x y z text fiel
162. r joints that are defined as support VK STEEL needs at least one support so as to do the structural analysis The appropriate number of supports depends upon the form and the dimensions of the structure as well as from the static laws The demand of the programme for at least one support relates more to the programme s ability to do the analysis than to the sufficiency and integrity of the particular structure s support If the relevant message appears on your screen you will have to determine the supports on certain joints where from no more than 1 members run through If there are no such joints theoretical members of support must be designated CHECK FOR ZERO VALUES The programme checks its records for possible zero values The programme is unable to do the structural analysis if it traces a zero value The value has to change either by changing the member or by changing the member s load CHECK FOR MEMBERS LENGTH LIMITS The programme checks the structure for possible exceedingly long or short members CHECK FOR MATRIX INTEGRITY STRUCTURE fast extended There are three kinds of structures static over static and mechanisms Mechanisms cannot be analysed by Statics As a result the programme is unable to do their structural analysis Consequently the part of the structure that constitutes a mechanism must be traced and then the bearing conditions of its consisting members VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 177 VK STEEL DESCRIPTI
163. r which we have to change the footing s dimensions in kg cm CONCRETE DIN kg cm B160 16 B225 18 B300 20 Table 10 Concrete s maximum stress in shear according to DIN 6 Minimum Concrete Stress Torsion rmin kg cm2 Footing s check in tortion is not required CONCRETE DIN kgjcm2 B160 5 225 6 B300 7 Table 11 Concrete s minimum stress in tortion according to DIN 108 CHAPTER 4 PARAMETERS Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 7 Maximum Concrete Stress Torsion in kg cm Above this value we have to change the footing s dimensions in kg cm 8 Allowable Tensile Stress of Steel callow in Kg cm2 STEEL DIN kg cm STI 1400 STIII 2400 Table 12 Steel s allowable stress in tension according to DIN N K O S By choosing this group the FOUNDATION PARAMETERS tab is modified as shown in figure 40 Sartor Valeria Finger Cannes Porsi Parts un Ms a ced n FH ond jeg Hed Paru Factor od Sabes Fede fick fre 15 Concrete ja g pe Figure 40 FOUNDATION PARAMETERS tab N K O S e The parameters included in K O S Group are the following VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 109 VK STEEL 1 DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Young Moduls of Concrete in KN m If we have chosen EC3 regulation concrete s pliancy counter value
164. rdinates as follows 1 0 1 0 and 5 0 Press the Add button and then press Close VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 43 VK STEEL PROGRAM FLOW Defining Beams DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS USER ACTI ONS 47 Click on the icon again The a 48 Elements Loads dialog box appears again Before you do anything else uncheck the lt Wind Y gt check box LC the lt Wind Y gt option Select the lt Local Z gt axis Set the lt Q gt value to lt 1 0 gt Press Update and close the dialog box by pressing OK Select the EDIT gt WIZARD command Like in the previous column on the values fields type the following SN 1 7 0 7 0 1 0 and EN 1 0 0 5 0 Press the Add button and then press Close 49 At the Members Properties toolbar make the following changes a Select the IPE220 Fe360 section from the lt Project Library gt list b Select the lt Fixed Fixed gt option from the lt Constrains gt list c Type 0 at the EULER field d Select beam in the Memmbers Groups list 44 CHAPTER 2 AN EXAMPLE VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS PROGRAM FLOW 50 51 52 USER ACTI ONS The beams do not bear any other load apart from the secondary beams reaction so we will not define any load during their defining Select EDIT WIZARD so that the members New Element dialog box U
165. re The general procedure remains the same irrespective of the type of 3D TRUSS The parameters of repetition though vary according to the type VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 161 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 3D TRUSS TYPE 1 This type of 3D truss is shown in figure 70 To create a TYPE 1 3D TRUSS follow this procedure 1 While the dialogue box 3D TRUSS WIZARD is open click on the TYPE 1 label The table shown in figure 70 will appear 2 Type the values of the repetition parameters in the text fields a n1 Its value equals the times that the rudamentary part has been repeated along the x x axis b n2 Its value equals the times that the rudamentary part has been repeated along the y y axis I1 The length of the rudamentary part s side that is parallel to the y y axis d 12 The length of the rudamentary part s side that is parallel to the z z axis Type the coordinates of the 3D trusses insertion point in the x y z text fields On the draft the insertion point is pointed out by the red square The truss will be inserted in the study window exactly the way it is presented on the draft ADVICE It is preferred that the axis shown in the draft will coincide with the axis shown in the study window global coordinates system As in every dialogue box by clicking on OK you can confirm the changes you have made and by clicking on CANCEL you can return to the previo
166. re than two of which we are going to set the distance from the end plate s corresponding sides Thus if we have chosen the footing s side 1 and the end plate s side 2 the number we enter is 12 the end plate s sides are numbered as shown below 2 09 angle 90 angle 90 angle 3 Ax the first side s distance from the end plate s corresponding side in m 4 Ay the second side s distance from the end plate s corresponding side in m eMASS CENTER 1 Ym c the Y coordinate of the footing s mass center in m 2 Xm c the X coordinate of the footing s mass center in m eADDITIONAL LOADS By using the editor we can move into N MY and MZ areas and type in the additional stress values VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 193 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS 1 N Additional axial load vertical in T according to DIN or in KN according to N K O S C E B 2 MY Additional moment along the Y axis in TM according to DIN or in KNm according to N K O S 3 MZ Additional moment along the Z axis in TM according to DIN or in KNm according to N K O S ATTENTION The new stress values are algebraically added to the initial stress values eCONNECTING BEAMS Again we can move into side B D and L areas by using the editors and type in the connecting beams data 1 Side footing s side which is connected to the connecting beam 2 B Connecting beam s width in cm 3 D Connecting beam s height in
167. rkpanes suggested by the programme click on ACCEPT To reject the under verification workpane click on DELETE To stop the workpanes verification procedure click on END Figure 96 The workpanes verification central window 222 CHAPTER 10 CONNECTI ON DESIGN TRUSS VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS JOI NTS DESIGN WELDINGS After the workpanes verification and confirmation has completed you will enter the JOINT S main programme This programme s central window is shown in figure 97 LIT NES EE DES Figure 97 JOINT PROGRAMME S central window The second field from the toolbar s left represents the workpanes numbers it shows the first workpane in this case Through this field you can choose an already recognized workpane by opening the list to set its connection s dimensions The second field next to the workpanes list shows the joint s number By clicking on the list you can view the catalogue of the joints that belong to the chosen workpane In the sub structure s detail scheme the window of which occupies the central window s right part you can view the joint with its concurring members The central drawing shows the joint s detail if this has been worked out the first time it will show nothing VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 223 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS NOTE If no sub structure drawing is shown none of the workpan
168. rocessing program is possible However the final formatting of the volume will have do be done by the text editor where the rtf file will be loaded You can create many templates and save them in the disk You can also use more than one templates to format printout sets of the same project e g a detailed and a short printout e To create a printout template modifying an existing one follow the procedure 1 Select the File gt Print command or the relevant icon The PRINTOUT WIZARD dialogue box of Image 2 5 will appear 2 In the first one in order of appearance SELECT A TEMPLATE tab LC in the file open icon The typical Windows Browse window will appear Look for the Templates directory that is in c vk windows steel steelpar templates Select and open the steel tpl file you will find in the directory Notice in the field at the bottom the template contents will appear This file is a ready template that is stored in the templates folder during program installation You have the option to use this template for all your projects or to create your own template collection and store them at the same point VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 81 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Creale a Template Page Layou System Varables Load Cases Lf Select Text Edinr 3 t Inema Editor C System Image 25 The PRINTOUT WIZARD d
169. roups are SOIL B D 1954 N K O S REINFORCEMENT VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 103 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS MODELING To make one of the tabs appear so as to modify its parameters follow the procedure below 1 To begin click on the Foundation Parameters to go over to the Parameters tab 2 The top field is a choice list Click on the arrow on the right edge of the field to open the list and select one of the groups by clicking on it Notice that the Parameters names are going to change in every other field on the left as well as in the contents of the values fields on the right In the following paragraphs explanations of all parameters are given They are divided in groups according to the sequence they follow on the list SOIL By choosing this group the Foundation Parameters tab is modified as shown in figure 38 The parameters included the SOIL group are the following 1 Soil Allowable Bearing Pressure in kg cm2 for DIN or in N cm2 for C E B 2 Moduls of Subgrade Reaction Ks in T m3 for DIN or in KN m3 for C E B This value is used by the programme for the creation of an elastic ground 3 Young Moduls of Soil in T m2 for DIN or in KN m2 for C E B 104 CHAPTER 4 PARAMETERS Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Figure 38 FOOTING PARAMETERS SOIL tab The table below contains indicative values of the above parameter
170. rs Those choices commit the program in its turn to accordingly prepare for the next stage Information exchange between the user and the program is structured in various entities so that the procedure is simplified and the efficiency improvement The entities that are used in STEEL are 10 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTI ON VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS NAME Nature Usefulness Title Bar Informational The name of the program and information on the project are included Menu Bar Functional It includes all the commands of the program organized in menus Tool Bar Functional It includes almost all the commands of the program organized in shortcuts buttons Status Bar Informational functional Useful messages about the work stage in the Project Window appear there It also features some commands Project Window or Graphic Display Window Informational Functional It features the model in every work stage as it is formed and saved much information relating to the changes that are being done in it while according to the choice access to the most useful commands is provided through accordingly formed pop up menus Dialog Box Functional The program carries many different dialog boxes different to each other according to the functions they are destined for It is one of the most essential tools of the interactive communication between user a
171. rs have been defined To select any of the file export formats follow the procedure 1 LC the FILE gt Export command 2 The dialogue box of image 21 will appear VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 73 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS gt Export to File Export Drawing Export Image t DXF Font Height 1 5 Text Color Yellow Y Entities Color white m File Name dxf ASCII Include Moments of Inertia Nodes File N txt t Members File Decimal Symbol X Cancel Help Image 21 EXPORT dialogue box 3 To export DXF files use the first tab combined with the second one For ASCII files all options are in the first tab For image files the options can be found in the third tab Select one of the two available options with LC on the relevant option box 4 Fill in the necessary parameters and select OK With the CANCEL button you simply return to the state befor the execution of the EXPORT command IMPORTANT The option to save Export To gt DXF format files DXF format files makes sense if you have already made the necessary preparation To create a drawing file you should have the sup programs DRAWING and NODE installed In the Export Drawing paragraph later in the same chapter 74 CHAPTER 3 FILE Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS you can read about the requireme
172. s tab select Live and type 1 0 kN m at Q 83 Change this value for the secondary beams to 0 5 kN m in the way that was described in steps 69 70 84 At the Members Properties toolbar make the following changes a Select the KT 40x40x2 6 Fe360 gt section from the Project Library list b Select the Pinned Pinned option from the lt Constrains gt list c Type lt 18 43 gt at the EULER field d Select lt bracing gt in the Members Groups list 85 Followin the procedure at 52 define the members between the nodes 5 15 6 14 86 At the Members Properties toolbar type 18 43 at the EULER field and repeat the procedure in step 52 for nodes 8 18 and 9 17 87 You have just completed the model definition process Select FILE SAVE to save your work 52 CHAPTER 2 AN EXAMPLE VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS STEP 6 DIAGNOSTIC CHECKS STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS Having completed the structure definition you should check its integrity and move on to the Space Frame structural analysis The VK STEEL program provides a set of diagnostic checks to warn you about mistakes with a relevant message On STEP 6 we will describe those two actions Diagnostic checks and Space Frame structural analysis Follow the procedure WORK FLOW USER ACTI ONS Topology Check 88 Select the command ANALYSIS TOPOLOGY CHECK The frame of Image 8 will appear
173. s torsional inertia which serves to prevent footings from overturning LOAD COMBINATIONS The command leads to the load combination s definition table The programme will check the member s sufficiency based on these combinations e For the load combinations table to emerge follow the procedure below 1 By clicking on the Parameters gt Load combinations command the table shown on figure 43 will appear i Ba nd e Je sind ad ma ex cl ne bon on EE bun ou om Ti bon om 130 bon bod 19 J bon di bon bon 15 1t Dun tran bon buon on um bon 150 i Don bn Lal Don bun i Don bod bon 11 12 bon bon nn Ls Don im nag non Tn nag nog um Dno non Ga 100 uad um nn nua I non un om 154 Don om L Don nm nm I nm nm nm nm nm I nm nm nm nm nm nai nn Figure 43 LOAD COMBINATIONS dialogue box VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 115 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS The LOAD COMBINATION window is basically a large table divided in two parts The table s lines constitute the loading combinations and the columns constitute the loading cases In the upper part of the table that has a white background you can determine the loading combinations by simply typing the safety factors in the appropriate cells As you will notice cer
174. s a table with the printing conventions of this example This table is an essential reference help for the understanding of the abbreviated words that are used for the sentences 18 CHAPTER 2 AN EXAMPLE VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS NOTICE We recommend before you go further to take a quick look to the INTRODUCTION chapter of the official user manual Among others you will find short presentation of the working environment and the features of the program STRUCTURE OF THE EXAMPLE The procedure is structured in ten steps organized in two units The first unit steps 1 7 include the actions you can do with the main part of the VK STEEL program MEMBERS This unit corresponds to the largest part of your work in the program since after the completion of step 7 you will have solved the structure and have secured the efficiency of its members according always to the requirements of the selected regulation in our example we have selected as Members Regulation Eurocode 3 and as Aseismic Code NEAK The second unit steps 8 10 is mainly about nodes design foundation check and use of the program s results Printings and Drawings The program structure is the following FIRST UNIT 1 Step 1 Introduction Creating the project folder 2 Step 2 Preliminary work Actions that are required before the description 3 Step 3 Defining the project parameters 4 Step 4 Defining the loads and the load combinat
175. s equal in area In that case the programme will arbitrarily place the member on the flange which you are able to change on the spot by using the POSITION dialogue box The program will put the flange between the parts of the member 218 CHAPTER 10 CONNECTION DESIGN TRUSS VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS CONNECTI ON DESI GN TRUSS The flow of the programme is very simple 1 VK STEEL analysis must be successful 2 Choice of proceedings through the Connection Design truss 3 Workpanes verification 4 Selection of workpane and automatic dimensions set of the joints that belong to this workpane 5 Estimation of the materials qualities estimation files The fourth step is further analysed to the following 1 Members 2 Welding or holing 3 Flanges 4 Position VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 219 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS STUDY BY VK STEEL In order to start the JOINT calculations it is necessary that a structure has already been studied described and analysed by VK STEEL without any problems occurring To continue with checking a truss joints follow the procedure 1 Choose Connection Design Truss from the ANALYSIS menu Analysis gt Connection Design Truss or left click on the appropriate icon The JOINTS DESIGN WIZARD will appear figure 95 x Workpanes Connections 3 Repeat verification proce
176. s in relation to the soil s quality SOIL gt KN m KN m E KN m Flabby slack loose 100 10 000 15 000 3 000 Moderate 150 15 000 30 000 5 000 8 000 Good stable strong 200 300 30 000 60 000 10 000 15 000 Stone gt 400 2100 000 25 000 Table 6 Indicative values of soil parameters NEAK NKOS VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 105 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS SOIL gt T m K T m3 T m Flabby slack loose 10 1 000 1 500 300 Moderate z 15 1 500 3 000 500 800 Good stable strong 20 30 3 000 6 000 1 000 1 500 Stone 240 210 000 2 500 Table 7 Indicative values of soil parameters B D 4 Ratio Active Area Total Area for Overturning check e g 0 50 We set the ratio of the active area of footing per its total area taken under consideration when the footing will be checked in over turning See paragraph 5 2 3 2 1 of NEAK This check is valid and does not relate to the code 5 Dynamic Moduls of Sub Rctn Ks Coefficient x Static coeff Certain soils behave in a different way when supporting dead loads than when supporting live loads Therefore it is possible that the Ks taken under consideration for the analysis could be a number multiple or sub multiple of the appropriate static e g saturated clay under dead load behaves as a compressed coat while in live load as an incompressible one 6 Capacity Coefficient x Mr Me e g 1 2 According to relation 5 2 of the
177. same time If you choose all three of the qualities it means that every section chosen on the sections table will enter three times each time with one of the steel qualities Generally we suggest that you choose only one of the steel qualities each time At this point we think it is of great significance to appose two definitions in order to avoid any misunderstandings e SECTION LIBRARY is the name of the existing file that contains the standardized sections that VK STEEL holds A copy of this file is created in every project folder see NEW in order to allow the user to choose the members that will VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 99 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS be used i e to allow the PROJECT LIBRARY file to be created PROJECT LIBRARY is the name of the file that contains all the sections selected to be used in each project It is created during the first selection of a section from the SECTION LIBRARY and it can be enriched later in another stage of the project Besides the sections chosen from the SECTION LIBRARY the PROJECT LIBRARY includes the SUPPORT MEMBERS as well This file is unique for every project and it has no copy besides the one in the project s folder To choose a section from the Section Library in this case we choose IPB 360 HEB 360 of Fe 430 quality Follow this procedure On the sections tab and on the list that is set to the left sided of the tab search for the IPB sectio
178. selected the two nodes RC and select the SUPPORT command The two bottom nodes of the columns will be turned into support nodes 57 Select the command EDIT gt UNSELECT NODES to get off the Select Nodes environment Define the second frame 58 You have just completed the definition of the first frame The second frame will be defined by creating a copy of the first in a distance in the x x direction The copy apart from the members and their geometry will also have all information relevant to the loads 46 CHAPTER 2 AN EXAMPLE VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS PROGRAM FLOW Change The Structure View Point USER ACTI ONS 59 Select the EDIT SELECT MEMBERS WINDOW command 60 LC somewhere on the left of 61 62 63 above the structure Release the button and move the cursor to the right and bottom so that the window includes the entire structure LC again All structure members have been selected Select EDIT COPY Select EDIT PASTE In the appearing dialog box type 3 to the dx field The Program has copied the first frame with the loads on a distance of 3 m and created the second with its members parallel to the members of the first ones Select the command EDIT UNSELECT MEMBERS to get off the Select Members environment 64 LC on the icon LC anywhere near the top node of the structure the beams meeting point Release the button and
179. signation will appear in a yellow box TOOL TIP MEMBER PROPERTIES xj n Fixed Feed D Hamer Steal kk mM Figure 85 The MEMBER PROPERTIES toolbar consisting of two drop down lists a field and an icon MEMBER PROPERTIES toolbar consist of 1 The PROJECT LIBRARY drop down list 2 The CONSTRAINS drop down list 3 The EULER ANGLE field 4 The DEFAULT MEMBER LOADS icon 202 CHAPTER 9 ELEMENTS PROPERTIES TOOLBARS VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS PROJECT LBRARY This list includes the sections you have selected through the Parameters Material Library Section Library dialogue box You have to choose the appropriate section off the available ones before inserting the new member eFollow this procedure 1 You can view the contents of the project library by clicking on the arrow that sets on the lists right side 2 Click on the most appropriate section 3 Select one of the members insertion method to describe the new member NOTE During the description of the member the user is able to enrich the project s library First of all you must return to Parameters Material Library Section Library dialogue box in order to follow the selection procedure The sections you have selected will be included in the Project Library list CONSTRAINS The particular list consists
180. ss on selected C Holing workpanes r Verify all workpanes welding Workpanes that have been verified are 001 Continue Exit Figure 95 The Joints Design Wizard dialogue box 2 In the Joints Design Wizard dialogue box check the option you wish off the workpanes unity In the connections unity choose whether workpanes joints are going to be welded or bolted When all selections have been made click on Continue The next thing to do is WORKPANE VERIFI CATI ON 220 CHAPTER 10 CONNECTI ON DESIGN TRUSS VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS The available options are Verify additional workpanes In case you wish for additional workpanes to be verified you check the appropriate check box The programme will then ask you to verify those workpanes Repeat verification process on selected workpanes After you have modified certain workpanes and have changed the inserted data you may not want to loose all workpanes joints data only the ones you are going to verify this time If you check this command the programme will ask you which workpanes you wish to recreate If for example you wish workpanes 2 7 and 11 to be recreated you must enter 2 7 11 no blanks only comma between the numbers Verify all workpanes By checking this option the previous ones are canceled If you choose to check it you must verify all workpanes including the
181. t click on the grey margin of the toolbars Toolbars ae amp Member Properties Section Properties amp Analysis Figure 84 The Toolbars dialogue box 2 Choose which toolbars you wish to view on the screen by checking the appropriate check boxes To hide a toolbar de check the appropriate dialogue box The toolbars can also be placed on the left or right side margins of the study window or even turn them into fly out menus and place them anywhere within the study window eTo move any of the toolbars follow this procedure 1 Choose the toolbar that you wish to move by clicking on the vertical bar found on every toolbar s left side 2 Move the toolbar by keeping the left key of the mouse constantly pressed You can place it VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 201 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS a On the study window s left or right side margin by quitting the key of the mouse when you have approached enough b Within the study window just by quitting the key of the mouse on the point you wish the toolbar to be placed The SECTION PROPERTIES toolbar holds a special check box titled Docked If this is activated and you check it the SECTION PROPERTIES toolbar will be placed on the study window s right side margin automatically NOTE To find out which command corresponds to each icon or toolbar leave the mouse indicator swing over it for a few seconds The command s de
182. t is installed with STEEL is a full application based on IntelliCAD 76 CHAPTER 3 FILE Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS EXPORT ASCII FORMAT FILES ASCII files are on of the simplest text forms and precisely because of this they are widely used for data transfer between different programs Given the multitude of data processing programs with exceptional possibilities e g MS Word the ASCII format is not used for the presentation of the text itself but for woks for which the text is required but usually not obvious to the user An example of such work is the import of the structure nodes co ordinates table to another calculations program The co ordinates table should be stored in an ASCII format text NOTICE The design and check for certain connection types that for the time being are not covered by the program can be made easier if you have the geometry of the structure s nodes and members You can take advantage of the option that is provided by VK STEEL so that you can easily import the full nodes and members tables in the program you use for the connections e To prepare and save the nodes and members files follow the procedure 1 In the Export to File tab of the Export dialogue box select with LC the ASCII option button Notice that the parameters text fields right bellow are activated 2 Declare with LC on the check box if you wish the members inertia properties to b
183. tain factors are already filled in The programme offers the basic loading combinations which required in the majority of projects as by definition values If you find it necessary it is possible to correct the safety factors values or even add more factors to the existing ones Start from the first free line of the table and add values in the appropriate cells In the lower part of the table that has a green background the programme presents the additional loading combinations that are performed automatically It is not feasible for the user to interfere with those cells contents The lines of this table which represent the loading combinations are numerated by serial numbers each of these numbers characterizing particular combination The columns of the table which represent the loading cases are characterized by the name written on the columns nameplate 116 CHAPTER 4 PARAMETERS Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS More specifically the 12 loading cases accepted by the programme are the following Seismic Vertical Component S N Serial No TYPE INTERPRETATION 1 DEAD LOADS Static loading due to dead loads It will also be used to automatically estimate the seismic loads 2 SEISMIC Y Seismic loading parallel to the Y axis 3 SEISMIC X Seismic loading parallel to the X axis 4 WIND Y Wind loading parallel to the Y axis of the general system on the positive direction 5 WIN
184. termine the anti clockwise one Thus the clockwise rotation is taken as negative INITIAL POSITION Click on this key to change the structure s position to its initial one LARGER CHARACTERS SMALLER CHARACTERS By clicking on one of these keys you can change a letter s height click once to enlarge or minimize the letter This command is very useful in case you are dealing with a dense drawing consisting of numerous joints and members It enables you to reduce the letter s size so as to gain a better view of the structure even when you zoom in OPTIONS SELECT JOINTS WINDOW Click on this key to make your selection graphically Simply determine the window in which you wish to enclose the joints This procedure is very useful if you wish to view particular members on your screen and it does operate along with the Layer Management command DESELECT JOINTS Click on this key to determine the window in which you wish to enclose the joints VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 239 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS HELP On line help on how to operate the programme TOOLS View or Hide the Tools window on the right part of the screen NODE Use this option only if you have already chosen a joint to check You can view the 3D representation of the members connected on the selected joint The programme will design the joint s axonometric view so as to clearly present you with the exact members position on the joi
185. the diagram of the work that is required for the creation of a DXF drawing of a frame structure 1 Defining structural analysis design members check of the frame structure 2 Complete the structure workpanes identification and design procedure for the workpanes you want to create the drawing of through the NODE program for more information read the CONNECTION DESIGN TRUSS chapter 3 Provided that you have identified and designed at least one of the structure levels select the File Export command and LC the EXPORT DRAWING tab The dialogue box of Image 22 will appear you can see in the image apart from the linear structure three identified levels 1 3 and 5 This means that the structure has other levels that have not been identified by 78 CHAPTER 3 FILE Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS NODE and therefore there is no option to create the relevant drawings xi to Fle Export Charing Expert image al Fardin Lia Lii r Lam wl Dase Dine ing Pis Demy Let Tum Image 22 The EXPORT DRAWING dialogue box 4 You can see in the dialogue box the list with the structure workpanes that have been identified Select the one that interest you deselect the rest in the image we show you would select Level 1 and deselect the wireframe and press the CREATE DRAWING FILE button In the list on the left bottom make sure that the decimal p
186. the option to import DXF format drawings This way you can draw your structure in a CAD application such as AutoCAD or IntelliCAD and import it ready in STEEL STEEL considers that the lines are straight members with start and end nodes the relevant points in the lines while for the curves there are special parameters that have to be defined by the user for their fragmentation into small straight members This action is essential given that the program approximates curves with polygons VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 71 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS NOTICE There are certain restrictions in the creation of the structure drawing During import to STEEL only entities that have been created with the LINE POLYLINE and ARC can be recognized If you already have a drawing in DXF format save it in the project directory and follow the procedure 1 Follow the instructions that were described in the IMPORT and Essential Actions Before File Insertion 2 In the IMPORT dialogue box select with LC the DXF FILES check box Notice that the options in the Divide Arcs have been activated 3 LC the file open icon under Dxf File Name and look for the members file in the project directory 4 In the Divide Arcs unit select with partitions of same angle value and type the value on the field that is righjt bellow 5 When you have finished press the OK button You should be able to see your structure in the VK S
187. the tools right window 1 X1 in mm Y1 in mm The coordinates of the welding s parallelogram s top left corner 2 X2 in mm Y2 in mm The coordinates of the welding s parallelograms lower right corner 3 Thickness in mm The welding s thickness NOTE The top left corner of the plate is the coordinate s system s starting point 252 CHAPTER 11 CONNECTION DESIGN FRAME VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS Click anywhere on the screen to open the weldings management menu figure 122 Select welds Insert welding Delete welds Cancel action Figure 122 The weldings management menu gt Select welds Click on the welding s that you wish to select gt I nsert welding As described earlier in this chapter gt Delete welds Erases the selected weldings gt Cancel Action As described earlier in this chapter You can also insert a welding through the Edit Welding menu Calculate Connection When all connection s weldings and bolts data are inserted go to Calculate Connection You can also ask for the calculation by clicking on the key computer of the connection s toolbar The connection s check takes place All information given on the plate the holing and the welding are taken under consideration Recalculate connection All data related to the joint s calculation is deleted including bolts weldings reinforcement etc Thus you can insert the new d
188. tion of those are shown on Table 15 below COMMAND KEYS DESCRI PTI ON REFRESH Ctrl R Refreshes the contents of the study window It is usually used after corrections VIEW It allows the user to choose one of the structure s pre selected view points MEMBERS LIST Informative It shows in the form of a table the properties of the sections already described NODES LIST Informative It shows in the form of a table the properties of the joints already described NODES LOAD Informative It shows in the form of a table the load taken by the sections which have already being described MEMBERS LOADS QUANTITY ESTIMATION Shows a pre calculation of the materials table MOVE TOOLBARS It allows the adaptation of the workspace RENDER It shows the geometry of the section of a certain member of a group of members Table 15 The VIEW menu and its commands 126 CHAPTER 5 VIEW Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS If you click on VIEW the drop down list of the commands will appear on the menu bar as shown below Refresh Ctrl R Ga View Members list Nodes List Nodes Load Members Loads Quantity estimation Move Toolbars 53 Render Figure 49 The VIEW menu and the commands it contains An alternative way to access the most useful commands is through the icons of the EDIT toolbar shown below 0X oX XPE AQAA K agx Figur
189. tions type 1 5 for the q factor value Type 0 15 in the Tx and Ty fields Type 0 15 and 0 6 in the T1 and T2 fields respectively Type 1 5 and 2 5 in the lt Bd 0 gt and lt Bd T1 gt fields respectively Type lt 0 375 gt in the lt Bdmin gt field Type 3 in the lt Damp Ratio gt field VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 33 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS j When you are finished with all necessary changes the Code tab should look similar to the one illustrated in the following figure NOTICE Defining Rd T Bd T Rd T g X X and Rd T g Y Y is done automatically so it is not necessary to type anything on those fields Image 4 The Design Codes tab after defining the parameters 34 CHAPTER 2 AN EXAMPLE VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS PROGRM FLOW Sections Selection Project Library Creation 16 17 18 19 20 USER ACTI ONS The next step is to select the sections that will be used for the structure members you are about to define With LC select the Section Lirary tab The tables that comprise your tab provide you with access to the General Sections Library which will enable you to create the Project Library in other words a list of the sections that will be used in your project Activate if it is not already active the check box next to Fe360 and make sure that all
190. tions related to the column footing connecting slab 184 CHAPTER 8 COLUMN BASE DESIGN FOUNDATION DESIGN VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS the required anchorage bolts which connect the slab to the reinforced concrete footing as well as the welding of the column on the slab eFOUNDATION DESIGN At this stage the programme will carry out the description of the steel structure s column s foundation and it will also set the foundation s dimensions COLUMN BASE DESIGN e To check the base of a column follow this procedure 1 Choose the command Analysis COLUMN BASE DESIGN The central window of the sub programme that is responsible for the Column Base Design will appear on your screen figure 81 Figure 81 The window of the sub programme that carries out the end plate s competence checks and sets its dimensions 2 At the top left part of the window choose which one of the support joints you wish to check When the checking and VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 185 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS dimensions setting is complete you have to return to the same point to choose the next joint You will find more information and instructions on how to modify the lay out of your work space as well as on the available commands in the following paragraphs The following keys are activated on this screen 1 CURRENT 2 ALL 3 EDIT 4 AXIS 5 PARAMETERS More anal
191. titute VK STEEL S FOUNDATION CHECK The programme can carry out the COLUMN BASE DESIGN only when the structure is framed with columns that end up in support joints A support joint is formed when the column is welded on a rectangular flange stabilized on a reinforced concrete footing by anchorage bolts In addition there is the possibility to connect the footings to the columns so as to prevent the foundation system s members from overturning or sliding As you have probably realized by reading the description of the support foundation joint given in the previous paragraph there are limits in the number of calculations that the programme can do compared to the great variety of formations we meet in reality For example the programme cannot consider in the calculations the effects of stiffeners we often use on a column s base NOTE Another point that requires the user s attention is the definition of the moment s transfer mechanism to the footing The usual choice of two fixed ends as a boundary condition of support is rarely the best solution and sometimes it doesn t correspond to reality at all The definition of a support joint as fixed or pinned is of great importance since it will give different results for the rest of the joints of the Space Frame eVK STEEL carries out the following checks so as to successfully complete the support joint s check eCOLUMN BASE DESIGN At this stage the programme will carry out the calcula
192. tory that is formed for every such element includes geometric features e g coordinates in the global coordinate system load values that are implemented in the node coordinates On the contrary the member object represents an entity with physical essence e g a steel beam of a defined length and as it is obvious in the properties directory physical features e g steel quality weight etc are included The object oriented term is referred to the complete independence of each element and the possibility for the user to alter one of its attributes without the modification of the attributes of the neighboring elements or the whole model Thanks to this technology apart from the easy elements input of elements and modification of their attributes it is possible to cut and paste those attributes at any time Another important convenience is the possibility to undo an action or even a whole series of actions that have preceded As is the case of most programs created for windows the directory of the actions to be undone is refreshed when the file is saved In other words when the Save command has been chosen the possibility to undo previous actions is no longer available USER INTERACTION All work in STEEL is based on user program interaction The program depending on the work stage prepares the appropriate choices frame in which the user should work by choosing the commands and defining the values of the paramete
193. ture you are about to define meets them or not In regard to the sections the correct choice of category will save much of your precious time 2 Have done some kind of preliminary work in regards to the load In VK STEEL you can input two sorts of load a distributed along the member and b concentrated forced on the nodes Both the distributed and concentrated on the members and nodes respectively will have to be given in units that are according to the regulation that will be used for the design of the members If for example Eurocode 3 EC 3 is being used then the distributed load should be given in kN m and the concentrated in kN For the time being the program is not able to process the loads and therefore the modification of the load from kN m as they emerge from the regulations to kN m as they have to be input distributed on the members will have to be done by the user 26 CHAPTER 2 AN EXAMPLE VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS In this unit we will give a description of the problem that we are about to describe and solve Some details will be given about the project data and some drawings and images in which you will be able to get as reference any time you have a query during the definition of the structure NOTICE The regulations that will be used for the structural analysis and design of he structure are NEAK and Eurocode therefore to define the loads the relevant provisions of Eur
194. us situation 162 CHAPTER 6 EDIT Menu VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTI ONS 3D TRUSS TYPE2 This type of 3D truss is shown in figure 71 10 Truss Wizard Type i Tipe 2 Type 4 Type 5 Type 6 Figure 71 3D TRUSSES WIZARD TYPE 2 To create a TYPE 2 3D TRUSS follow this procedure 1 While the dialogue box 3D TRUSS WIZARD is open click on the TYPE 2 label The table shown in figure 71 will appear 2 Type the values of the repetition parameters in the text fields a n1 Its value equals the times that the rudamentary part has been repeated along the z z axis VK STEEL USER S GUIDE 163 VK STEEL DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS b n2 Its value equals the times that the rudamentary part has been repeated along the y y axis I1 The length of the rudamentary part s side that is parallel to the y y axis 12 The length of the rudamentary part s side that is parallel to the x x axis e K The trusse s leaning percentage 96 Type the coordinates of the trusses insertion point in the x y z text fields On the draft the insertion point is pointed out by the red square The truss will be inserted in the study window exactly the way it is presented on the draft ADVICE It is preferred that the axis shown in the draft will coincide with the axis shown in the study window global coordinates system As in every dialogue box by clicking on
195. window you can see the tabs Contents and Search At the center the larger window features the texts of each subject as well as the Hyperlinks between the pages 1 FIRST WAY Select with left click the Contents tab The list with the contents of help will appear in hierarchical order a Select with left click the subject THE PARAMETERS MENU b On the page at the central window left lick on the hyperlink Material Library In the same way you can read all the units that comprise the Material Library subject by choosing the relevant hyperlink 20 CHAPTER 2 AN EXAMPLE VK STEEL 2 SECOND WAY Select the Search tab The word phrase DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS search engine will appear which is part of the help system a Atthe field Type in the keyword to find type the word Materials b Select with left click the List Topics button the page titles that include the word Materials will appear To end up in the same page as in the first way select the title Materials and press the button Display Topics Experiment with the other titles ABBREVI ATIONS No Conventions What it is for Comments explanations 1 File New Program command It means that you must execute the New command which you will find under the File menu of VK STEEL 2 This Project has not been saved Are you Message Content Text you should type Usually t
196. ytically e AXIS By activating this key a model of the global axis system will appear on the top left part of the screen If you do not vvish for it to remain visible press AXIS again PARAMETERS 1 Fixed 1 Pinned 0 We define whether the steel column we will analyse is fixed or pinned on the footing through the end plate or not 2 Allowable stress of concrete Mpa We set the value of the stress that the footing s concrete is designed to take In this value we also have to include the Safety Factor yc as well as the factor 0 85 which is related to the concrete s decreasing resistance in compression due to the long standing and repeated effect of loads par 10 4 3 1 of N K Q 2 For example if the quality of the concrete is C16 20 the value we set is going to be 0 85 x 16 1 5 9 07 Mpa 3 Allowable stress of steel Mpa We set the value of the stress that the steel of the column s base end plate and the anchorage bolts are 186 CHAPTER 8 COLUMN BASE DESIGN FOUNDATION DESIGN VK STEEL 10 DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS designed to take In this value we have to include the safety factor ys For example if the quality of the steel is s400 the value we set is going to be 400 1 15 347 83 Mpa Sides ratio a b We set the ratio of a vertical steel element s base end plate s sides Side a is parallel to the member s local Y axis and side b is parallel to the member s local Z ax

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