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1. Switch off the Cooler Power button Refer to Figure 11 Page 36 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions 3 Software Quick Start Guide A comprehensive user manual for software is part of the Help file in Spectronus This section is a quick start guide only 3 1 1 Software Start up In order to operate the analyser two software applications must be started in the correct order After power up of the instrument wait for windows to start up Description of the Windows Task Bar shortcuts from left to right Start Menu Desktop OPUS launch this first Spectronus launch this second Igor pro demo version can be used for post measurement analysis Firefox For internet browsing oS ZO SOL ize ee des s Internet Explorer To access the Bruker IR Cube interface Figure 15 Windows 7 Task Bar Starting the software 8 OPUS7 This software must be started first Either the shortcut on the desktop or on the quick launch bar can be used Refer to Figure 15 After starting OPUS there will be some messages displayed in green on the lower status bar Wait until the message No active task appears Refer to Figure 16 The first time OPUS is started after turning on the computer it may take a couple of minutes to load This is normal For Help press F1 No Active Task EMAI EM Figure 16 OPUS No Active Task Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Page 37 Spectronus User Manual 3 10
2. 9 Spectronus Start this from the shortcut on the desktop or task bar refer to Figure 15 after the No active task has appeared in OPUS Failure to wait for the No active tack message may result in Spectronus reporting an error regarding being unable to talk to OPUS 3 1 2 Spectronus Workspace and Software Manual After starting OPUS and then Spectronus the user can set the workspace up to look like Figure 18 below Note The presence of the OPUS window at the bottom part of the screen allows the user to view the progress of spectrometer scanning and the green status light in the bottom right The user has several help and learning tools available to them A tooltip will be displayed if the mouse pointer is hovered over an object Pressing F1 or clicking the Help button in the top right of the window will display help online manual Refer to Figure 17 Q Help Figure 17 Spectronus help manual 3 1 3 Software parts Several software applications and processes are required to run the analyser Refer to Figure 19 for a flow chart of how they relate This is explained further in the online help online software manual Page 38 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions First Data 2013 10 12 110834 Last Data 2013 10 11 12 32 14 a D 100 Looper 1 Time A 00000 D 04115 Fags Start 2013 10 11 12 22 59 101 SoftReset Current 2013 10 11 123248 102 F Cellfrominiet 1950 00 03 00 1niet 4
3. e The thermostat housing to keep the optical system at constant temperature Figure 2 FTIR Transfer optics detail Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Page 19 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 2 2 Components 2 2 1 Optics amp Cell The FTIR spectrometer cell and optics are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 The spectrometer is a Matrix M IR cube supplied by Bruker Optics Ettlingen Germany with a mid IR globar source CaF beamsplitter and thermoelectrically TE cooled MCT detector operating above 2000 cm Unlike more commonly used InSb Indium Antimonide detectors in this wavelength range the TE cooled detector does not require liquid nitrogen cooling and operates at around 60 C The resolution is normally 1 cm optionally 0 5 cm The modulated IR beam f 6 exits the IR cube through a side window port is focused into a permanently aligned White cell with 24 or 26 m path length model 24PA or 26PA IRanalysis Anaheim CA and returns through an adjacent window port to be re focused onto the detector mounted inside the IRcube The transfer optics between the IR cube and the White cell consist of 4 flat mirrors which spread the parallel input and output beams from the window separation of the IR cube to that of the White cell The transfer optics compartment is O ring sealed to the IR cube and the cell endplate so that the entire optical path is well sealed from the ambient atmosphere The usual windows in the IR cu
4. ecotech environmental moni itoring solutions Spectronus Trace Gas amp Isotopes Analyser User Manual Version 3 10 www ecotech com Spectronus User Manual 3 10 This page is intentionally blank Page2 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions Table of Contents Manufacturer s Statement 2 rer ct eer tte o E RENTE CER GERE EARENAE pd Lk ee Ra Re dea ERL erede ce oup ER HR HL EBEN ER e bap Ren 7 oio c MH 7 Satety Requitemielits c ocior toeo i yrehe EE etia En E PUR SEDI NEU TR RUE EEA IE eem ut tese set Meses o NANI oe I Tro eA SET LT NIE ESA 8 ius M M 9 SERVICE and Repalts rct NEN EEE I d RANSE e Ne EVERY CARIOR NAR S ERR SERT ens ERR FANS CRI E CENTER T ESSERE EN E 9 CE Mark Declaration of CODTOFITiltyc sicco oet tiere iren e inr etie reine Ene eise eb dee eMe Hes ai ohne rene dde ester 10 Claims for Damaged Shipments and Shipping Discrepancies ccscccssccessceseeeseeceneeceecsseeseecsseecseessaeessaeesaeessaeesseeseaees 11 Internationally Recognised Symbols on Ecotech Equipment nennen enne nennen nnns 12 Manual Revisionillistory ice toner rer veni eeu io sees NE E CERE Ee EYE Ere FER de RE RE THEE S ERES EE ERSS 13 L etd gore Ue e TRE TEETTRLOOTERLTTTOOLLDLLOLTDSDEE 14 1 1 DG SEFIPUIOM 23555285 EE 14 1 2 Specific O ce dete ect oiii aaa Ea AA Ra seas E Ea ETa
5. environmental monitoring solutions 1 2 5 External Connections Computer Interface 3 x USB 1 x TCIP 1 x RS232 1 x RS485 1 x HDMI Analog Inputs 3 x Analog input sockets AI6 Al8 Voltage range 5V to 5V DC Includes 24V auxiliary supply 5 00mA per socket Analog Outputs 2 x Analog output sockets AO3 AO4 Voltage range 0 5V DC Maximum load 20mA Includes 24V auxiliary supply 500mA per socket Digital Outputs 3 x Digital relay output sockets DO10 DO12 Contact rating 30V DC 500mA each Includes 24V auxiliary supply 5 00mA per socket Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Page 17 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 1 3 Instrument Subsystems The Spectronus FTIR Trace Gas Analyser is used to determine simultaneously the concentrations of several trace gases in air or other gas streams by collecting and analysing the Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectrum of the gas sample In the closed path trace gas analyser the air is contained in a sample cell which is multi passed by the IR beam The analyser consists of separate subsystems under the control of a single computer program The sample handling subsystem which carries out all sample handling inlet sample stream selection cell evacuation and flushing procedures This includes a 12 channel digital IO switching capability for switching 12 or optionally more solenoid valves and also 8 channel analog digital converter for logging environmental va
6. Empirical Calibration of 6 C Absolute calibration requires a suite of two or more reference standards of known CO mole fraction and isotopic composition to generate the individual isotopologue calibration coefficients a and b If 13 1 1 such a suite is not available C can be calculated from measured values of 66 and 6 but correction for CO dependence is required From Citation 8 68 6 the empirical CO dependence is satisfactorily explained by terms linear in 1 Y s and X as 3 B OC a ug oe d un 1 Y l A 626 meas P4 626 meas Equation 12 a describes a calibration shift while B and y describe the CO mole fraction dependence The 13 coefficients B and y can be determined empirically by FTIR measurement of Casa function of 13 varying CO mole fraction by gradually stripping CO from an air sample stream of constant C from a tank as described in Section 6 3 Determining Cross Sensitivities The scale shift a can then 13 be determined by measurement of one or more release gases of known C and CO mole fraction 13 after correcting the measured C for the CO dependence in Equation 12 6 2 8 Calibration Summary Trace Gas and Isotopologue Mole Fractions Convert to dry air mole fraction Xx X dry 1 Zuo Equation 13 Calibration Page 65 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Correct for cross sensitivities A corrected A measured dyldQ 0 Q dyldP P F dyldI T T Equation 14
7. Immunity Requirements EN 61326 1 IEC 61000 4 2 Electrostatic discharge immunity IEC 61000 4 3 Radiated RF immunity IEC 61000 4 4 Electrical fast transient burst immunity IEC 61000 4 5 Surge immunity IEC 61000 4 6 Conducted RF immunity IEC 61000 4 11 Voltage dips and interruption immunity Electromagnetic compatibility EN 61326 1 CISPR 11 Radiated RF emission measurements CISPR 11 Mains terminal RF emission measurements IEC 61000 3 3 Mains terminal voltage fluctuation measurements IEC 61000 3 2 Power frequency harmonic measurements Council Directive of 12 December 2006 on the harmonisation of the laws of Member States relating to electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits 2006 95 EC The following standard was applied EN 61010 1 2013 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use 3 edition Part 1 General requirements For protection against Electric shock or burn Mechanical HAZARDS Excessive temperature Spread of fire from the equipment Effects of radiation including laser sources and sonic and ultrasonic pressure Page 10 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions Claims for Damaged Shipments and Shipping Discrepancies Damaged Shipments Inspect all instruments thoroughly on receipt Check materials in the container s against the enclosed packing list If the contents are damaged and or the instrument fails to operate properly no
8. False Faise 103 SetDOHigh Ceit Flow 104 SetAmalogOutputValue MFC Out 0 5 105 Detay 00 00 25 106 SendGUiMessage Flow and messu d rid A eae Sei Mtosks Measure No Filltsk Data Background 130924 042948bgnd spc re Sutstteninto Ho seien ON um 111 ColctSampleSpectrum Oste Time 112 StopAlAveraging 113 AnalyseSpectrum Rast Collected S Cei Pressure Av Cell Temperatur Current D8 Ind CO amp N20 Bruker Communication Analysis Queue Length Connected 1 Time 2013 10 11 07 34 31 2013 10 11 07 33 30 11073329 11073228 11073228 10 11 073127 10 11 073127 0 11 073026 10 11 073025 10 11 07 2924 10 11 07 29 24 Spectrometer Number of Scans set to 75 Spectrometer Sample File Name 1310211_073330samp 0 Spectrometer Number of Scans set t Spectrometer Sample File Name 132033_073228samp 0 Spectrometer Number of Scans set to 75 Spectrometer Sample File Name 13 073127samp 0 Spectrometer Number of Scans set t Spectrometer Sample File Name 13 073026zamp 0 Spectrometer Number of Scans set to 7 Spectrometer Sample File Name 131011_072924samp 0 Spectrometer Number of Scans set to 75 J CAP NUM scu i Figure 18 Spectronus workspace Bruker IR Cube Scan Progress Bruker IR Cube Status light Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Page 39 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Spectrometer ICP 17017 analogue input module s Spectronus K IO modules ICP 70xx dig
9. If the user needs to change the mains input voltage on the analyser from what it is supplied they should contact Ecotech for details The pump however must be purchased as either 240VAC or 110VAC operation All subsystems within the FTIR run from 24VDC There are 4 AC DC converters The 24VDC converter in the middle section is for the Bruker IR cube There are two other converters powering the lower section and one converter in the top section for the cooler The mains power cord must be connected to a general purpose power outlet of suitable voltage rating This outlet should be protected using ELCB protection from the switchboard The mains power outlet must have an earth connection for safety The power cord must be in good condition and regularly tested It should only be replaced with the same type of suitable rating There is a fuse located on the analyser power inlet In the event that it blows it should only be replaced with a fuse is rated at 5A T250V 20 x 5 mm 2 3 4 Pneumatic Connectors N and inlet Connectors Vacuum Pump Connector Release collar 1 There is one male 1 4 quick connect adaptor for connecting the analyser exhaust to the vacuum pump via the black 3 8 Synflex line 2 There are 5 identical female 4 quick connect adaptors for connecting to the analyser sample cal inlets and also the nitrogen purge inlet Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Page 29 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 3 These fittings ar
10. Kleiner l Lacome N Lafferty W J Mandin J Y Massie S T Mikhailenko S N Miller C E Moazzen Ahmadi N Naumenko O V Nikitin A V Orphal J Perevalov V I Perrin A Predoi Cross A Rinsland C P Rotger M Simeckova M Smith M A H Sung K Tashkun S A Tennyson J Toth R A Vandaele A C and Vander Auwera J The HITRAN 2008 molecular spectroscopic database Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy amp Radiative Transfer 110 533 572 2009 8 10 Smith T E L Wooster M J Tattaris M and Griffith D W T Absolute accuracy evaluation and sensitivity analysis of OP FTIR NLS retrievals of CO CH and CO over concentrations ranging from those of ambient atmospheres to highly polluted plumes Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 4 97 116 2011 8 11 Werle P Muecke R and Slemr F The limits of signal averaging in trace gas monitoring by tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy TDLAS Appl Phys B57 131 139 1993 References Page 79 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 amp J ecotech environmental monitoring solutions 1492 Ferntree Gully Road Knoxfield VIC Australia 3180 Phone 61 0 3 9730 7800 Fax 61 0 3 9730 7899 General email info ecotech com International support intsupport ecotech com www ecotech com Page 80
11. The values reported in the Analog Input Values panel will now read volts from the pressure sensor directly 4 Pump the cell to 1mb and record the actual pressure P near 0 and actual sensor voltage V should be near 0 5 Open the cell inlet and allow pressure to equalise with atmospheric pressure P Measure atmospheric pressure with an independent calibrated manometer Record the corresponding sensor voltage V 6 Assuming a linear calibration P a b V calculate the calibration parameters a and b b P P Vo V1 a zP b V zP b V 7 Calculate the scaling values of P corresponding to Vmin and Vmax and enter these in the Min and Max fields in the Scaling box Pain a b Vmin a for the example Pmax a b Vmax a 10b for the example 8 Click apply to save changes 9 Theanalog input values panel should now read pressure correctly in the selected units Calibration Page 59 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 6 2 Calibration of FTIR Mole Fraction Measurements Optical techniques such as FTIR spectrometry determine the absolute concentrations of individual trace gas species from the quantitative analysis of selected absorption bands or lines in the measured spectrum The FTIR spectrometer records a broadband mid IR spectrum which can be analysed in selected spectral regions for several trace gases For CH4 CO N20 and CO combination bands near 3600 cm the low resolution FTIR spectrometer does not resolve
12. Abundance CSO 626 0 98420 56701 636 0 01106 ECARO 628 0 0039471 OUO 627 0 000734 As a consequence in the FTIR analysis of individual isotopologues concentrations or mole fractions are effectively quoted scaled by their natural abundances Kiso X iso X iso Equation 8 where Kiso is the actual mole fraction of an isotopologue in air Xi is its natural abundance and X io is the scaled mole fraction With this definition if a sample of CO in air with natural isotopic abundance of C 8 3C 0 is analysed by FTIR the mole fraction of CO 66 reported by MALT will be equal to that reported for CO X e Calibration Page 63 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 13 With these definitions the calculation of C follows as S2C Xe im Xess Xeon 1 A 626 Xa Xo Equation 9 13 where 7636 Xos is equivalent to the usual sample isotope ratio and 13 to the standard isotope ratio 4 The reference scale is thus that of HITRAN Kael X 26 is equivalent Calibration of isotope measurements against standard gases calibrated to VPDB corrects for both the difference between HITRAN and VPDB scales and scale factors a in the individual FTIR determinations of 466 and 462 oa a Calibration for may be carried out in two ways 13 e Absolute calibration in which calibrated C is calculated directly from Equation 9 using 1 1 calibrated values for 6 and 4 26 or 13 Empirical ca
13. Allan Variance Page 75 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 85 80 75 70 65 60 CO ppb T T T T 0 200 400 600 800 ElapsedTime minutes Allan Deviation CO ppb T1141 tt ttti ttir 4 T 3 TT 2 4 6 2 1 10 100 Averaging time minutes N o Figure 39 Allan Variance plot of CO Allan variance is commonly used to characterise noise in repeated measurements Citation 8 11 8 1 and describes the precision of a measurement as a function of the averaging time or number of averaged measurements It is defined for a variable y as 1 e 7 2 Equation 18 where t is the averaging time Ay is the difference between mean values of y taken over consecutive periods of length t and the brackets indicate the mean or expectation value If the variability is dominated by white Gaussian noise as should occur in the ideal detector noise limited case the Allan variance should decrease linearly with averaging time and the log log plots of Allan deviation i e the square root of the Allan variance in Figure 38 should have slope of 0 5 as indicated by the blue lines Figure 38 displays the ideal case for N20 where there is no drift over the 13 hour measurement period and the Allan deviation continues to decrease with time Figure 39 displays a case for CO which drifted upward at ca 1 5 nmol mol h in this case the Allan deviation ceases to decrease once the drift becomes significant relative to the noise
14. Shape ILS parameters from this fit as input to MALT in simulation mode to simulate the transmission spectrum of water vapour 2 layers at the levels in the selected background spectrum with the retrieved ILS over the full range of the water vapour bands 3 Divide the measured wet background spectrum by this simulated water transmission spectrum The result is a water absorption free background spectrum 4 Usethe dried or stripped background to calculate transmittance when fitting sample spectra The retrieved water vapour is now only that of the sample and the fits are generally good with negligible residuals in the H5O lines 5 Usethis procedure wherever there are residual absorptions in the background spectrum usually water vapour around 3500 3700 cm and CO near 2350 cm 6 3 8 Example Figure 36 shows an illustrative result for the worst case of CO retrieval near 3600 cm where there is strong water vapour absorption a H20 0 0085 H20 0 055 A H20 0 031 a H20 0 469 5 H20 0 0085 stripped H20 0 055 stripped H20 0 031 stripped 5 H20 0 469 stripped 150 0 Sample H20 ppm Figure 36 CO retrieval strong water vapour absorption Calibration Page 71 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 The levels given for water vapour in the legend are the amount of retrieved water vapour in the 24 m cell in hPa assumed at 1 hPa total pressure in the background spectrum The water vapour amounts retrieved
15. Spectronus will be delivered on a shipping pallet with wooden blocks mounted under the base of the analyser to take the weight off the wheels Be sure to keep these items in the event that the analyser is shipped to another location CAUTION Heavy The analyser is heavy and should not be manually lifted It should only be lifted by an appropriate mechanical lifting aid such as a fork lift Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Page 27 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 The Perspex shipping box covering the heater cooler needs to be completely removed before operation There are two thumb screws to undo Remove these two screws then pull the entire Perspex box directly up to remove it Keep the screws in a safe place for later use Refer to Figure 7 Figure 7 Removing cooler heater shipping protection Remove the front panel Perspex shipping protection by undoing the 8 thumb screws Put the screws in a safe place for later use it is recommended to store them back in their screw holes once the protective covers have been removed Refer to Figure 8 Figure 8 Removing the front panel shipping protection Page 28 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions 2 3 3 Power Connection CAUTION The user must ensure that the local mains power matches the power setting as indicated by the factory fitted label below the mains power inlet From September 2012 the FTIR can be manually configured for an input of 240VAC or 110VAC
16. The user must obtain and adhere to the directions from their magnesium perchlorate supplier s material safety data sheet MSDS for magnesium perchlorate including use of PPE and storage and disposal The user must not ship magnesium perchlorate or a dryer with residual traces of that substance via aircraft 1 Unpack the empty chemical dryer canister On initial receipt the empty dryer assembly will packed separately and will not be connected to the FTIR Refer to Figure 13 2 Remove the upper Swagelok connection do not lose the nylon ferrules and upper end cap of the canister Use of latex gloves can aid in gripping the tube Use the provided glass wool to pack fully the tube at the bottom end 3 Taking safety precautions refer to MSDS from your Magnesium Perchlorate supplier fill the dryer with magnesium perchlorate granules then tap the dryer gently to settle the media Fill to way full gently tap then fill to full then gently tap to settle the media Fill the last with magnesium perchlorate granules Pack the top end with the provided glass wool Be careful to ensure that no strands of glass wool protrude on to the sealing surface 4 Replace the upper end cap tightly and reconnect the upper Swagelok fitting It is recommended to vacuum leak test the dryer after re assembly A vacuum gauge valve and pump can be used or refer to Section 5 1 8 Leak Check Page 34 ecotech environmental monitoring sol
17. Warranty This product has been manufactured in an ISO 9001 ISO 14001 facility with care and attention to quality The product is subject to a 12 month warranty on parts and labour from date of shipment the warranty period The warranty period commences when the product is shipped from the factory Lamps fuses batteries and consumable items are not covered by this warranty Each analyser is subjected to a vigorous testing procedure prior to despatch and will be accompanied with a test results for Allan Variance Cross Sensitivities and Multipoint Calibration thereby enabling the analyser to be installed and ready for use without any further testing Service and Repairs Our qualified and experienced technicians are available to provide fast and friendly service between the hours of 8 30am 5 00pm AEST Monday to Friday You are welcome to speak to a service technician regarding any questions you have about your analyser Service Guidelines In the first instance please call or email us if you are experiencing any problems or issues with your analyser If you are within Australia or New Zealand please contact our service response centre via email on service ecotech com au or call 61 0 3 9730 7800 If outside of Australia and New Zealand please email our international support department at intsupport ecotech com or call 61 0 3 9730 7800 If we cannot resolve the problem through technical support please email the following informat
18. a spare filter element be kept on hand at all times These can be purchased from Ecotech Refer to Section 5 1 17 Spare Parts List After reassembling the filter holder the entire analyser should be checked for leaks Refer to Section 5 1 8 Leak Check Maintenance Page 43 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 5 1 7 Pump A loss of evacuating speed and no other symptoms may indicate a problem with the MV2 diaphragm pump it is recommended that the user have a spare set of seals diaphragms on hand refer to the pump manual These can be ordered from Ecotech refer to Section 5 1 17 Spare Parts List The pump manual says depending on individual cases it may be efficient to check and clean the pump heads on a regular basis In case of normal wear the lifetime of the diaphragms and valves is gt 10 000 operating hours Refer to the pump manual for details and replacement procedure 5 1 8 Leak Check A leak check should be performed periodically and also after any change to the plumbing system such as after changing the dryer or particle filter The user can use the Spectronus software to control manually the valves and MFCs Please refer to Figure 3 in conjunction with these instructions Leak test task lists can partly automate the below processes Sample leak test task lists are factory installed Note Before starting any of the leak tests follow the steps below 1 Connecting to the Spectronus software click abort reset on the main
19. e g umol mol ppmv Xiso isotopic abundance of an isotope or isotopologue mol mol R isotope ratio Spectroscopic techniques measure absorption of radiation from which the amount of absorber equal to the concentration times pathlength is determined directly concentrations are determined from the amount of absorber divided by the pathlength and mole fractions or mixing ratios are calculated by dividing the concentration of trace gas by the concentration of air _ C P RT Equation 1 where P is sample pressure T sample temperature and R the universal gas constant 6 2 4 Correction to Dry Air Mole Fraction Dry air mole fractions remove the effect of dilution by water vapour and are calculated from X Kary 1 Zio Equation 2 In Equation 2 H20 is expressed in mole fraction The FTIR reports in ppm so to correct to dry air using ppm refer to Equation 3 Xx _ Xwet ary 77 Xn 0 i 106 Equation 3 With the FTIR analyser Ano is directly determined from the analysis of the FTIR spectrum of the sample 6 2 5 Cross Sensitivity Corrections To first order water vapour interference and sample pressure and temperature effects on the spectrum are included in the MALT calculation and spectrum fit However due to small inaccuracies and uncertainties in the measured spectrum HITRAN line parameters the spectral model and the measured temperature and pressure small dependences of apparent raw measured mole fractions on these
20. eaa ERE a E a EEs E ees 14 PENIS e ir 1 2 3 Operating Conditions 1 24 Physical Dimenslots iere tene rre cott tee terne stt e ORE OPE TE RR Lene 1 2 5 External Connections 1 3 Instr ment SUBSYSTEMS 2s i eise ie eere are eee weaves cecesey eu EIEEE EE RE VY REN bred e revu rs Lorena deeds 18 2 Hardware Referee cire e tiere tiene dede Potes dtdeg ent uss eet deren EEE EEEE EREN 19 2 1 Closed Path Amal VSG Freesen eera teo r EEEa de veo TOSE EAA EARR 19 2 2 Componehts oec NIME III erase rine ooeanauasensuncenia suvaader IRI I DENM T Is I ER stunner Dni 20 221 OPCS Se CON oen e HUE EI IERI Mn PII a E LU CIIM 2 2 23 Gas Handling System 2 2 3 Computer amp Password 2 244 Internal and External Connections sserrep eee rope He EYE eB XX Bd a ene U eE RENT 23 2 2 5 ihiermostat e EnclosUfe c ori o ies e EEUU REMISE OR UP UII esse eIeE 25 2 3 Hin Steal Fat Mesni nas eane Errn E LLLI 27 23 instrument Extennals Owenview estet aE AREE E E r EE egeo 27 2 3 2 Un packing and Shipping 23 3 POWer COMMECUIOMN M c 2 3 4 2 3 5 2 3 6 2 3 7 2 3 8 2 3 9 3 Software Quick Start Guide essesssssssesseeeeeeeen enne enne nnne nen rennes nnns nn nre nnn nnns 37 34 1 Software Starts p oes atm ope re cit pea eei e e prr ar rea EE ERES TES 37 3 1 2 Spectronus Workspace and Software M
21. employed by the software We use as an example a pressure transducer with 0 10 V output nominally corresponding to 0 1000 torr or 0 1333 mbar In the absence of actual calibration these values can be used as the scale factors provided that the head is correctly zeroed Other sensor types are calibrated in a similar way Factory calibration is achieved by using a transfer standard to adjust the sensor itself No further adjustment is usually required in the Spectronus software at that stage To calibrate the sensor two known reference states will need to be established e g pressures temperatures in the cell For example for pressure by pumping the cell down to a known low pressure preferably less than 1 mb and filling it to atmospheric pressure with an independent atmospheric pressure measurement A cell temperature calibration would require removing the cell temperature sensor from the cell and putting it into a cold iced water and then ambient e g 20 25 C Refer to Section 5 1 10 Opening the Middle Optics amp Cell Enclosure Rear Panel After changing plumbing a leak check should be performed Refer to Section 5 1 8 Leak Check Cell pressure sensor calibration 1 Runthe software and View the Analog Input Values panel 2 Open the Configure lO Analog Inputs form and select the pressure channel 3 Setthe Scaling values equal to the min and max values of the sensor voltage range for the example Vmin 0 and Vmax 10 volts
22. in the optics were of similar magnitude in each background spectrum and similar to the driest cell spectrum equivalent to 0 007 hPa over an equivalent 24 m path The measurements are of 11 spectra of a single tank of air made over 8 days and having variable amounts of water vapour 10 250 ppm in the sample due to variable pre conditioning of inlet lines and cell The 11 spectra were ratioed to eight background spectra four with water vapour at different levels see legend filled symbols and the same four backgrounds with water stripped out by the procedure described above open symbols There are two main observations 1 Forunstripped backgrounds there is a strong dependence of retrieved concentration of CO on both the amount of water vapour in the sample X axis and background water vapour as given in the legend 2 Forstripped backgrounds the dependence on water vapour in the background is reduced substantially and all four retrievals agree within 0 5 ppm The dependence of CO on sample water vapour is reduced by more than a factor of ten relative to the wet backgrounds approximately 0 0055 ppmCO ppmH O in this case The latter is somewhat surprising it seems to be the inaccurate fitting of the composite water vapour spectrum when using unstripped backgrounds that leads to the sample water vapour dependence of CO retrieval With only sample water vapour to be fitted MALT can do a good fit and there is little cross s
23. instrument is very stable A S C U B A tank with all the appropriate adaptors and regulator for this purpose can be supplied by Ecotech Please contact Ecotech for details 5 1 2 FTIR Spectrometer The spectrometer is permanently aligned and does not require optical alignment Provided a flow of purge gas is maintained maintenance required by the spectrometer should be minimal The desiccant cartridge may require changing periodically if there are long periods without purge refer to the spectrometer manual The FTIR has an internal HeNe Helium Neon laser with a nominal and practical lifetime of 4 5years 5 1 3 Files The system can generate a large number of files in a relatively short period of time For example the system might collect a spectrum every minute or 60 files or around 1Mbyte of storage per hour Although there is a large amount of disk storage available periodic back up to another storage device and deletion of older data on the system is recommended 5 1 4 Gas Cell A long term over several years decrease in signal intensity may indicate gradual contamination of the mirror surfaces and increased losses due to scattering In this case usually there will be a proportionally larger energy loss in single beam spectra at higher wavenumbers relative to lower wavenumbers If the gas cell mirrors need to be cleaned first refer to Section 5 1 9 Opening the Middle Optics amp Cell Enclosure then 1 Remove the cell and r
24. of these gases to and from the atmosphere Citation 8 5 This User Manual provides a complete product description including operating instructions calibration and maintenance requirements for the Spectronus Reference should also be made to the relevant local standards which should be used in conjunction with this manual Some relevant standards are listed in the References section of this manual If after reading this manual you have any questions or you are still unsure or unclear on any part of the Spectronus then please do not hesitate to contact Ecotech or your local Ecotech distributor Please help the environment and recycle any printed pages of this manual when amp N finished using it Notice The information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice Ecotech reserves the right to make changes to equipment construction design specifications and or procedures without notice Copyright O 2013 All rights reserved Reproduction of this manual in any form is prohibited without the written consent of Ecotech Pty Ltd Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Page 7 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Safety Requirements To reduce the risk of personal injury caused by electrical shock follow all safety notices and warnings in this documentation If the equipment is used for purposes not specified by Ecotech the protection provided by this equipment may be impaired The safety of any system incorporating the equip
25. parameters may remain Calibration Page 61 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Equation 4 relates the measured mole fraction for a trace gas to its corrected value A measured F K corrected dy dQ Q Q T dy dP i P R F dy dT T e Equation 4 In Equation 4 dx dQ dy dP and dy dT etc are the assumed linear dependencies of the raw mole fractions on water vapour amount pressure and temperature respectively and Qo Po and To are the standard water vapour amount pressure and temperature to which the measured data are corrected for example O ppm 1000 hPa and 30 C respectively In some measurement situations CO mole fractions can vary by large amounts and it may also be necessary to correct other trace gases for large CO variations if their spectra overlap with strong CO absorption bands mainly N O and CO this adds a term in dy dCO to Equation 4 CO dependence and cross sensitivity is described further below in the context of isotopic calibration The values of the cross sensitivity coefficients dy dQ dy dP and dy dT must be determined empirically a procedure is described in Section 6 3 Determining Cross Sensitivities They are determined during factory calibration of the analyser and values are supplied with each analyser For most purposes these values should be sufficiently accurate since the corrections are small usually 0 196 of mole fraction value For more exacting measurements they may need to be re determi
26. screen This sets the system to a known idle state 2 Ensure that the vacuum pump is on and connected to the exhaust port Note The entire system should leak at 0 1mB minute To leak test the entire system except for the pump Block the 4 inlet ports with the protecting plugs provided Using Spectronus software analog outputs send 5V to each of the MFCs Using Spectronus software digital outputs open up all the valves except valve 9 Wait about 5minutes until the cell pressure drops to about 1mB Disconnect the vacuum pump from the Spectronus front panel thus blocking the outlet Close Valve 8 only Pause for 60 seconds to let the cell pressure reading stabilise Record the cell pressure Qo po QD gx Ur be cU c5 gp Wait 5 minutes 10 Record the cell pressure 11 The cell pressure should not increase at a rate more than 0 1mB minute 12 In Spectronus software click abort reset 13 Reconnect the vacuum pump to the Spectronus front panel To leak test just the cell 1 Using Spectronus software open Valve 8 only 2 Wait about 5minutes until the cell pressure drops to about 1mB Page 44 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions Close valve 8 only Pause for 60 seconds to let the cell pressure reading stabilise Record the cell pressure 3 4 5 6 Wait 5 minutes 7 Record the cell pressure 8 The cell pressure should not increase at a rate more than 0 1mB minute To leak test the cell MFC IN an
27. the lower section and therefore removal of all power is required this procedure can take several attempts and quite some time due to equilibration time required by the MFCs 2 Makea note of the MFC zeros as they appear on screen in Spectronus including whether each one is positive or negative 3 Shut down the system refer to Section 2 3 9 Power down and open the lower plumbing section panel Refer to Section 5 1 9 4 Refer to Figure 25 and locate the MFC needing adjustment Note that they are mounted in opposite directions In both instances however the ZERO adjust pot is on the side nearest to the trap door 5 Turn the ZERO adjust pot on the MFC clockwise to increase the value and anti clockwise to decrease the value 6 Replace the side panel for safety then restart the system 7 If the unit was off for only a couple of minutes wait 15 minutes for everything to come back to temperature If it was off for longer wait 30 minutes or longer depending on how much the system changed temperature 8 Repeat steps 3 to 7 until the corresponding flow readings are 0 000 to 0 006 LPM not negative It may fluctuate somewhat 0 004LPM so observe the average Maintenance Page 51 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 5 1 14 OPUS Status Indicators In addition to performing precision checks the user may also run the OPUS Verification Program It is also recommended to perform these tests after cleaning the cell The files required
28. the supplied thermostat system typically near 30 C Note It can be difficult to vary one parameter while keeping others constant For example changing pressure can change water vapour due to changing wall interactions In cases when more than one parameter i e Q P T C varies during an experiment one parameter can be pre corrected if its cross sensitivity coefficients are known before determining the cross sensitivity to the others Alternatively two or more can be determined simultaneously from a multi linear regression with more than one independent variable provided the variations in the parameters are not correlated during the measurements 6 3 4 Typical Cross Sensitivity Coefficients Most cross sensitivity coefficients are small or negligible To give an idea of scale Citation 8 7 Table 4 gives typical values for one analyser Table 4 Typical cross sensitivities for target gases to water vapour and pressure dx CO c CO CH rete NAC d quantity umol mol 96o nmol mol nmol mol nmol mol Pressure hPa Equil Temp C Disequil Temp C Flow LPM Residual HO umol mol CO umol mol Calibration Page 69 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 6 3 5 Stripping Water Vapour amp CO Absorption Features from Background Spectra Retrieved raw concentrations from the Spectronus FTIR trace gas analyser can depend on the background spectrum used to ratio the
29. transmission spectrum actually has three water components which do not cancel linearly and a single layer MALT calculation does not represent the resultant composite residual line shape correctly To account for this behaviour MALT must emulate it in which case the water vapour amounts in both 1mb and 1030mb layers in the background must also be known or fitted independently MALT can do this see the manual but it gives unstable solutions because of the strong correlations between the sample and background components of the composite water spectrum A better alternative described here is to remove the water vapour absorptions from the background spectrum altogether before ratioing with the sample to form the transmission spectrum so that water vapour absorption in the background spectrum is effectively zero and only sample water vapour needs to be fitted 6 3 7 Procedure Outline 1 Fit the background single beam spectrum with a 2 layer MALT model one layer at 1mb total pressure representing the cell and one layer at 1030 mb representing the optics It is impossible to get a good fit with a single layer model in a reasonably dry system there is approximately equal amounts of water vapour in each layer typically 0 2 mb m The 2 layer fit is reliable with consistent partitioning of the total water between the 2 layers Page 70 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions 2 Usethe concentrations and Instrument Line
30. 0417 5017 N Alternating current IEC 60417 5032 AN Caution hot surface IEC 60417 5041 A Caution risk of danger Refer to accompanying documents ISO 7000 0434 A Caution risk of electric shock ISO 3864 5036 Page 12 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions Manual Revision History Manual PN M010042 Current revision 3 10 Date released 4 November 2013 Description User Manual for the Spectronus Trace Gas amp Isotopes Analyser This manual is the full user manual for the Spectronus Trace Gas amp Isotopes Analyser This manual contains all relevant information on theory specifications installation operation maintenance and calibration Any information that cannot be found within this manual can be obtained by contacting Ecotech Table 1 Manual revision history Edition Date Summary 3 4 Nov 2011 First release of Ecotech manual 3 5 July 2012 Changed file and path names and screenshots and plumbing diagram and analog input numbers and pictures 3 6 Sep 2012 Changed references from OPUS 6 5 to OPUS 7 and Spectronus 9 0 5 3 6 Sep 2012 110V version Analysis time from 15 to 20s 4 windows 2n MFC updates Software supplied CSV files Initial Start up 4 20mA input description corrected Sections references cross referenced 3 7 March 2013 Changed equation numbering Added spare parts section 3 8 May 2013 Added more spare parts Re arranged order of sections Updated plumbing and software diagr
31. 08 P orsus Ses EXE Fee o Ro xe vendu ven Res ERR E REIP 75 Figure 39 Allan Variance plot of CO cc cccccccesssssssnsecececsessnesseceeessesseasseseesesesaaasaesecessesseansesecesesseaaneeseceeseneees 76 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Page 5 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 List of Tables Table 1 Manual revision History ccccccccccccececsssssceeeeecsesseaeeesececeeseeaeeeeececeeseseeeeeecececsesaeseeeeececsesaeaeeeeeeseseaeaeeeeees 13 Table 2 Examples of valve switching states for various functions esessessssseseseeeeeenennnnn nennen nnne 21 Table 3 HITRAN isotopologue abundances for CO cccesessecececeesessscecececeeseessecececseseesaeeececsecesusaeceeceseeesaaeeeeess 63 Table 4 Typical cross sensitivities for target gases to water vapour and pressure seseeneenenene 69 Table 5 1 o repeatability for 1 and 10 minute averaging times for a typical FTIR trace gas analyser 77 Page 6 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions Manufacturer s Statement Thank you for selecting the Ecotech Spectronus Trace Gas amp Isotopes Analyser The analyser uses Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectroscopy to quantify the mixing ratios of several trace gas species including CO N20 CHa CO H20 as well as 6PC in CO and optionally 8D in H20 vapour When used in conjunction with micrometeorological and chamber systems it can be used to estimate the fluxes
32. 33654 0 T N20O 0 00088535 O 0 000207492 0 lt a 1 0 0 0 a 1 0 o cc 302 5 302 0 301 5 E S 5 Z 301 0 300 5 300 0 400 600 800 1000 400 600 800 1000 400 600 800 1000 co2 CO2 co2 Figure 35 Measurement Stepwise stripping of CO for CO cross sensitivity regressions of trace gas mole fractions and 6C against CO mole fraction Page 68 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions 6 3 2 Pressure To determine pressure cross sensitivity vary the sample cell pressure with a sample gas from a target tank of constant composition such as a S C U B A tank This can be static or pressure and flow controlled Ensure that the target tank pressure regulator is set to higher than the highest pressure needing to be tested but no higher than the instrument limits Create a cycle list where each cycle samples from the target tank at different pressures and the same flow or static A sample cycle of this nature is provided with the instrument and is called dXdP 6 3 3 Temperature Temperature dependence of retrieved concentrations is due to both the error in measuring the sample temperature and changes in optical alignment of the FTIR interferometer and optics Temperature dependence is thus very difficult to quantify because retrieved concentrations depend not only on temperature but on the rate of change and recent history of temperature changes For these reasons the best approach is to maintain close temperature control with
33. Apply calibration A calibrated Fcc b a Equation 15 Isotopologues orc Absolute calibration using calibrated isotopologue amounts ae X 636 2j X es Equation 16 Empirical calibration using measured isotopologue amounts 8 p t 13 Eds i m dU 626 meas a C ds 5 D A 626 meas Equation 17 Page 66 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions 6 3 Determining Cross Sensitivities Cross sensitivity coefficients are determined at the factory and provided with each analyser The following outlines methods to re determine cross sensitivity coefficients if required 6 3 1 Water Vapour amp CO To determine cross sensitivities to residual water vapour and CO concentration a manifold such as that shown schematically in Figure 33 can be used Air flow from a cylinder preferably aluminium is split into two streams each with a flow meter and flow control valve or mass flow controller One stream is scrubbed magnesium perchlorate for water vapour Ascarite or equivalent for CO the other remains unmodified The two streams are recombined and directed to the FTIR analyser inlet By slowly stepwise changing the proportions of scrubbed and unscrubbed air in the outlet stream concentration of water vapour or CO can be varied from the original cylinder value to near zero flowmeter Needle valve scrubber From supply tank To FTIR inlet 1 Massflo
34. TPUT 3 ANALOGUE OUTPUT 4 PIN 7 DATA R Figure 10 Front panel lower section pin out Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Page 31 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Computer interface Two power switches connections Your windows password sticker will be here Mains Power inlet Check label for voltage Mains Voltage label Figure 11 Front panel upper section computer connections 2 3 6 Set up 1 Ensure that the Analyser is installed in a clean and stable environment where the room temperature will not exceed the specifications for this instrument 2 Check that the power setting is correct for your region Connect a mains power cable to the upper front panel section 3 Connect the HDMI monitor and power cable then the keyboard and mouse to the USB connectors 4 Connect the vacuum pump to the vacuum pump port with the 3 8 quick connect and 3 8 synflex tubing 5 Connect the N purge line Inlet pressure should be set to 3 5PSIG in order to be able to control the flow Use of higher pressures can make flow adjustment difficult Do not exceed an inlet pressure of 10PSIG It is recommended to flush the N purge at 0 5LPM for a few hours before taking measurements e g while the thermal controller is stabilising and then reduce then flow to 0 1 0 2LPM for normal operation Refer to Figure 12 Page 32 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions Ball float indi
35. VP haeres rt eorr eo cce ES eerie FERRE cta ep WIR ee cc 52 5 1 16 OPUS ADORE Tas Kho entretient A eite ut b cere MEA d LO E 56 5 1 17 5 1 18 5 1 19 6 Cabra OM RETE ERE 59 6 1 Sensor Cali braO pee sucess EE EENES OEN E E AEAEE tomar arate sar VASE NESNE SASEN E EVEEN 59 6 2 Calibration of FTIR Mole Fraction Measurements esssssssseeeseeneeneenne nennen nete nne nnne tnetrn enne nnns en 60 6 21 Quantitative Spectrum Analysis MALT iiis iori eati e aep ioi Pe idi bob e Eee pa Ee Fe du e Ee ee eres iani 60 62 2 Calibration OVerview x ree re ere tet eU HIE D e DRE UR A Ee LER Een Den AEAEE EN SEE E TEETE 60 62 3 General Calibration Considerations ottimi trek sya tgatascivensiesnscasceauasastagnsanedccteiassesaccniee 61 6 2 4 Correction to Dry Air Mole Fraction 61 6 2 5 Cross Sensitivity COrrecti ONS s csvdissscssces cassecaccacevceceneaeieessavesgeuscaedecebsaedecoaetevacehsvuiaehetededssegedncenensdecssntes 61 6 2 6 Calibration toa Reference Scale 5 ionic trip i esha aree LER eara E RD Na eraai dae 62 6 2 7 Isotopic CalibEatlOD aie ritiro ne eee OR FURORE MERDER CURES FR REREREEYESR ERREUR REIR OUT FEAR SYREDR RE 63 6 2 8 CalibratioriSummgaly anions eni REPE Ee rie irri d ree ia epe dr Pura irs 65 6 3 Determining Cross Sensitivities croire edet retten Eine di eau aea pxE e ope ba eda ceun tef pa E vineeioaeipevenanaecinndes 67 6 3 1 Water Vapour amp CO 67 MM EE A E E E E T A 69 6 3 3 We
36. W T FTIR measurements of atmospheric trace gases and their fluxes in Handbook of Vibrational Spectroscopy J M Chalmers and P R Griffiths Editors John Wiley amp Sons 2823 2841 2002 Griffith D W T Deutscher N M Kettlewell G Riggenbach M Caldow C and Hammer S A Fourier Transform Infrared trace gas analyser for atmospheric applications Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 5 2481 2498 2012 Hammer S Griffith D W T Konrad G Verdag S Caldow C and Levin l Assessment of a multi species in situ FTIR for precise atmospheric greenhouse gas observations Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 6 1153 1170 2012 Rothman L S Jacquemart D Barbe A Benner D C Birk M Brown L R Carleer M R C Chackerian J Chance K Dana V Devi V M Flaud J M Gamache R R Goldman A Hartmann J M Jucks K W Maki A G Mandin J Y Massie S T Orphali J Perrin A Rinsland C P Smith M A H Tennyson J Tolchenov R N Toth R A Auwera J V Varanasi P and Wagner G The HITRAN 2004 molecular spectroscopic database Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy amp Radiative Transfer 96 139 204 2005 Rothman L S Gordon E Barbe A Benner D C Bernath P E Birk M Boudon V Brown L R Campargue A Champion J P Chance K Coudert L H Dana V Devi V M Fally S Flaud J M Gamache R R Goldman A Jacquemart D
37. action scale using the measured total pressure and temperature of the sample The raw FTIR scale depends on the accuracy of HITRAN parameters the MALT spectrum model the optical pathlength temperature pressure and other parameters It is usually within a few percent of established standard reference scales Citation 8 10 6 2 2 Calibration Overview Calibration relates the raw FTIR measurements to a recognised or absolute reference scale by comparison to reference standards There are three parts to the calibration process 1 Mole fractions should be corrected to dry air mole fractions by removing any dilution effect due to water vapour in the sample 2 Raw measured mole fractions may need to be corrected for small dependencies or cross sensitivities to variations in sample pressure temperature flow and residual water vapour amount in the sample These corrections are small and may be negligible for many requirements but should be made for the most accurate and precise measurements 3 Thirdly the corrected mole fractions are calibrated to a reference scale by measurement of one or more standard gases with mole fractions which are known or assigned on that reference scale Page 60 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions 6 2 3 General Calibration Considerations Following IUPAC recommendations Citation 8 2 8 3 we distinguish the following quantities C concentration e g mol m X mole fraction of trace gas
38. ains voltage AC exists in the top section The unit must be powered off before opening the top section 2 2 4 Internal and External Connections There are several electrical connections internal to the FTIR enclosure Five analog inputs Al 1 5 are internal cell pressure cell temperature instrument temperature Flow Out and Flow In Refer to the online help online software manual for setup details refer to Section 3 1 2 Spectronus Workspace and Software Manual 2 Analog outputs MFC In and MFC Out Refer to the online help online software manual for setup details Nine digital outputs DO 1 9 are connected to control valves Digital output modules DO 12 channels 4 per module and analog input modules AI 8 inputs per module are connected via an RS485 serial interface Refer to the online help online software manual for additional setup details RS232 Com 3 serial interface for changing settings on the TE cooler There are several spare unused USB ports inside the lower compartment The FTIR spectrometer is connected via one Ethernet port called BrukerLAN This internal LAN has a specific IP setup different to the external LAN Refer to Figure 4 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Page 23 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 r Internet Protocol Version 4 TCP IPv4 Properties eme You can get IP settings assigned automatically if your network supports this capability Otherwise you need to ask your networ
39. al conditions 2 x 1 minute spectra at 1 cm resolution determine noise from 2500 2600 cm Typical SNR by this method is 30 000 1 60 000 1 RMS and depends mainly on detector noise Allan variance studies below show that this SNR is the major factor determining repeatability of retrieved trace gas concentration measurements 7 2 Allan Variance Precision or repeatability of trace gas analyses with the Spectronus is determined from replicate measurements of a gas sample of constant composition for example a set of measurements of a constant air sample in the sample cell Figure 38 and Figure 39 illustrate two examples of such measures of precision with typical time series upper panels and Allan deviation lower panels of consecutive 12 second measurements of N O and CO in air over a 13 hour period where N O was stable in the cell and CO slowly increased For these measurements the cell was filled with dried ambient air closed and spectra were collected continuously overnight for approximately 13 hours Each measurement consists of 16 coadded scans over 12 seconds In this case the spectrum analysis approximately 10 seconds required per spectrum was carried out after the data collection period to allow maximum time resolution N20 ppb T T T T 0 200 400 600 800 ElapsedTime minutes Allan Deviation N2O ppb Averaging time minutes Figure 38 Allan Variance plot of N O Signal to Noise Ratios and
40. ams Added precision checks leak check MFC Zero check amp adjust opening the case sections Changed Analysis time from 20 to 13s MALT 5 2 2 3 9 July 2013 Added warnings to remove magnesium perchlorate before shipping Removed most second person references dXdP cycle description Removed optional last powder dryer now all granules Added correct to dry air in ppm equation 3 10 October 2013 Manual part Windows 7 new hardware separation of hardware and v10 software manual Quick connectors explained OPUS OVP description added CE compliance Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Page 13 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 1 Introduction 1 1 Description This document contains information about the operation construction and technical details of the Ecotech Trace Gas amp Isotopes Analyser This analyser has been developed by the Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry at the University of Wollongong and manufactured by Ecotech Pty Ltd The analyser uses Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectroscopy to quantify the mole fractions of several trace gas species including CO N20 CH CO H0 as well as amp PC in CO and optionally 6D in H20 vapour When used in conjunction with micrometeorological and chamber systems it can be used to estimate the fluxes of these gases to and from the atmosphere Citation 8 5 Throughout this document it is assumed that the user is familiar with basic principles of infrared spectrosco
41. anual 2 etr ec rie EHE Ern r dan 38 345 3 SoftWare parts ccrois dina eee rere dre eges aE EE DER YO Ha FR SU ERA EBENE Y EORR NUR HS TOR EIE E E ORATOR RET S 38 Al SAPINE RETE 41 4 1 Starting Sampling eter see oes cans coseevas sous test eue se ret epp ota XE F QS Sd OR Ye SE PER YETER DRUG REEL deastensanycasvocaeves ONDE EXER e ETUR E NEC UE 41 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Page 3 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 4 2 Background Spectre oa 1i eee ite I DIR Ete Ier es oer Core iE ERE DERE AU NM SERO Ee eT Re aei 41 Be IMAINTEN ANGE RORIS ILLI LM 42 5 11 5 1 2 5 1 3 5 1 4 5 1 5 Chemical Dryer Refill 5 1 6 Partial Filter Element Replacement eerie ici facro tbi tte og EE FERE k na tene E BRE OE dS 43 UN AM IIoc 44 LS MEE Sei R 44 5 1 9 Opening the Middle Optics amp Cell Enclosure Side Panel we 45 5 1 10 Opening the Middle Optics amp Cell Enclosure Rear Panel cccscccssecssecsseeceseeeseeseeesseeeseeessesseessaes 47 Bell 11 Cell Isolation Valves a d Ret oir ect eet ehe etre e nu cde d EEAS Asa Aaaa ES 48 5 1 12 Opening the Lower Plumbing Section Door nnne nnne nnn nnns 49 5 1 13 Checking amp Adjusting the MEG Zero POts 5 noreste orene sectacvessceravetsseysxeeedauneaecevencvscevsuenssoyeverss 50 5 1 14 OPUS Status Indicators m sie 592 5 115 Running the OPUS O
42. asured data should be corrected for cross sensitivities as described above before the calibration regression is performed If only a single reference standard is available only a single calibration coefficient can be derived in this case b should be assumed to be zero and a scale factor a derived from measurements of the ratio Xcoitecied Areference Once the calibration coefficients are known calibrated mole fractions are calculated from measured corrected mole fractions by inversion Equation 7 X calibrated F V4 corrected b a Equation 7 6 2 7 Isotopic Calibration Calibration for isotopic delta values requires an additional procedure For the particular case of CO in the v3 band near 2350 cm the PC 60 isotopologue band centred at 2283 5 cm is shifted 66 cm from the parent C 0 band at 2349 1 cm and the low resolution FTIR spectrum easily resolves the two so that they can be quantified as independent species The individual isotopologue bands are strong enough to provide precise independent concentrations from which the isotopic ratio 6 C can be calculated as described in the following In the HITRAN database of absorption line parameters on which the analysis is based Citation 8 8 8 9 linestrengths for each isotopologue are scaled by the natural isotopic abundance of the isotopologue For CO these abundances are given in Table 3 Table 3 HITRAN isotopologue abundances for CO Isotopologue Notation
43. be have been removed The IR cube and transfer optics are purged with a slow 0 1 0 2 LPM flow of N additionally an absorption tube filled with molecular sieve and Ascarite removes traces of water vapour and CO The cell pressure is monitored by an analog piezo manometer 902 series MKS Instruments USA or HPM 760s Teledyne Hastings USA The cell temperature is monitored by a type J thermocouple inside the measurement cell 2 2 2 Gas Handling System The standard gas handling system is shown schematically in Figure 3 Four equivalent inlet lines are available and are accessible via the front panel Refer to Figure 9 1 The drying system consists of a Nafion semi permeable membrane dryer Permapure USA followed by a Mg ClO drying tube and particle filter By default the sample stream is dried Solenoids 9a and 9b ganged can be switched on to bypass the dryer or automatically bypassed via the software setup 2 During normal sample air measurements dry air flows through the White cell mass flow controllers Kofloc Japan then at reduced pressure provides the back flush required for the Nafion dryer before exhausting through the vacuum flow pump model MV2 Vacuum brand Germany mounted externally 3 The cell can be evacuated by the pump by activating valve 8 to lt 1 hPa for recording background spectra of the empty cell or to evacuate in order to remove the current sample before filling with another sample or calibra
44. cates l min AR current flow Turn needle valve knob to adjust flow Figure 12 Nitrogen purge flow set to 150cc m CAUTION Note Do not exceed 10PSIG at the purge flow inlet 6 Attach the chemical dryer as directed in Section 2 3 7 7 Attach inlet sample lines via quick connects as required Note These Quick Connects are closed when not connected so no sample can flow if no connection is provided to the inlet 8 Ecotech recommends that all Quick Connects not in use be plugged with the supplied blank cap to avoid damage to the spigot and dirt contamination and potential leaks 9 Attach calibration tanks as required 10 Attach any additional sensors e g room temperature to the Al sockets 11 When all connections have been made lock the wheels of the analyser so that it cannot move Note For shipping purposes the unit should be supported from underneath and the wheels left free Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Page 33 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Note From a cold start the analyser should be left for a minimum of 12 hours to stabilise temperature and dry out the cell whilst purging with N purge in place 237 Chemical Dryer Filling and Connection CAUTION magnesium perchlorate The chemical dryer should be filled with magnesium perchlorate supplied by the user Magnesium perchlorate is a hazardous substance that has particular safety and shipping requirements and is not allowed on an aircraft
45. ced and qualified technician If any components are removed or replaced for maintenance and repair or the analyser is dismantled in any form Before the mains power is reconnected perform a ground continuity test to confirm that there is a connection of one ohm or less between the Earth terminal on the mains power cord and the chassis of the analyser Page 56 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions 5 1 19 Cleaning The analyser enclosure is made from mostly aluminium which is resistant to most forms of contamination In order to keep the enclosure looking clean use a microfiber cleaning cloth or a lightly dampened cloth Be sure to turn the power off when doing so The analyser is not water proof so large volumes of water may damage the analyser The small fans on the rear side of the analyser contain dust filters These can accumulate dust over time These filters can be removed and cleaned The large cooler fan does not have a dust filter however dust can accumulate within the fins of the heatsink This should be inspected and cleaned if necessary using compressed air or a vacuum cleaner Maintenance Page 57 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 This page is intentionally blank Page 58 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions 6 Calibration 6 1 Sensor Calibration Sensor calibration is best carried out with the instrument in its normal operating environment The logged values depend on the scaling
46. d Signature Show History Figure 28 OPUS setup OVP 6 From the validation menu select Setup OVP Select Run PQ Test every and Run OQ test every then click save and exit Refer to Figure 29 Do not change the sub tests to be performed under the Setup button Some of those tests are for the cube in isolation at the factory under different test conditions and will therefore not pass once built into a Spectronus analyser 7 Click on the Setup button of PQ then OQ tests the tests selected should match Figure 30 Click exit then Icon will change to a green tick as shown in Figure 29 8 n Setup OVP OVP Test Channel Setup OVP Test Setup IT 1 Module port with MIR CaF2 TE MCT Photovoltaic Intemal Test Selection V Run PQ Test every 24 Hows Setup V Run OQ Test every 12 V Setup 7 Run 7 Run 7 Run Run Run Figure 29 OPUS OVP test setup Maintenance Page 53 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 OVP PQ TestProtocol Setup PQ Test Protocol Setup for Matrix MIR Module Port TE MCT Photovoltaic CaF2 SCM ATT Module port with MIR CaF2 TE MCT Photovoltaic Internal Test Selection ii 15 05 2012 V Energy Test Signal to Noise Deaton fon 100 ne Interferogram Peak Amplitude Energy Distribution Ice Band Test Extract Reference Spectra Sealing Test Wavenumber Accuracy Test F
47. d particle filter and valve 5 and valve 9b 1 Remove all connections from the inlets leaving the spigots uncapped I Remove the chemical dryer from the front panel this blocks the normally open end of valve 9b and leave the spigots uncapped Using Spectronus software open Valves 6 and 8 Using Spectronus software send 5V to MFC In Wait about 5minutes until the cell pressure drops to about 1mB 3 4 5 6 Close valve 8 only 7 Pause for 60 seconds to let the cell pressure reading stabilise 8 Record the cell pressure 9 Wait 5 minutes 10 Record the cell pressure 11 The cell pressure should not increase at a rate more than 0 1mB minute 5 1 9 Opening the Middle Optics amp Cell Enclosure Side Panel In order to clean the cell or perform some of the sensor calibrations the user may need to open the middle enclosure Also if the cell is dry but the lower section needs to be opened the middle enclosure may need to be opened to isolate the cell and prevent it from being exposed to wet ambient air It is recommended that only an experienced technician perform such a procedure Tools required 3mm Hex key Container for safe keeping of removed screws Maintenance Page 45 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 ecotech CX ecotech Spectronus Trace gas amp isotope analyser zu ecotech Figure 20 Removable panels on left hand side Opening the middle enclosure side panel 1 Turn off cooler mains power s
48. diagram INLET 3 B CELL INLET 9 CELL FLOW e CELL EVAC DRYER BYPASS ecotech environmental monitoring solutions 2 2 3 Computer amp Password The computer is located in the top section of the main enclosure It is an embedded industrial PC running Windows 7 Professional with external screen keyboard and mouse Analog input and output modules are connected via an RS485 serial interface Some of these are used by the machine and some are available to the user The number of digital output modules used and seen on screen will vary depending on external valve control boxes that may or may not have been ordered as part of a custom set up Your windows password will be on a sticker on the front panel It is your Ecotech Customer ID Sales Order number For example if your Ecotech customer ID is ABC123 and the sales order for your Spectronus FTIR is 123456 your windows password would be ABC123 123456 without the quotes LogMeln uses the windows password so if the users change the windows password and later requires Ecotech to log in to the machine remotely the user will need to advise Ecotech of the current password A Windows 7 ID is on a sticker underneath the computer in the upper section It is unlikely that you will need this If you need to retrieve the number first power down the instrument refer to Section 2 3 9 Power down then remove the power cord before opening the top section CAUTION M
49. e closed sealed when not connected To connect carefully align the two pieces and push all the way in until it clicks 4 To separate push on the release collar It should click it may or may not be audible and then the two pieces should easily be able to be pulled apart CAUTION Take care only to connect and separate with the two parts properly aligned or else damage to the spigot may occur 2 3 5 Front Panel Connections For the front panel lower and middle section connections refer to Figure 9 For the upper section and computer connections refer to Figure 11 Nz INLET CHEM CAMMDRYER LE Lm A a Figure 9 Front panel lower and middle section connections From top left right 1 Nitrogen purge flow adjust 2 Nitrogen purge inlet Page 30 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions 3 Analog input sockets 3 for sensors AI6 AI8 4 Digital output sockets 3 DO10 DO12 5 RS485 serial connection 6 Analog output sockets 2 A403 AO4 7 Magnesium perchlorate chemical dryer quick connect 8 Chemical dryer retaining screws 9 Particulate filter 10 Outlet to vacuum pump 11 Sample inlets 4 INLET 1 4 CAUTION For analog and digital input and output power ratings refer to Section 1 2 5 External Connections YEL IF 4 CORE USED DIGITAL OUTPUT 10 RS485 PIN SIDE VIEW PIN 2e DATA BK PIN 3 EARTH GND GR Y ANALOGUE OU
50. each of the green handled valves 90 so that they are perpendicular to the plumbing line flow path Figure 23 shows the valves in the open cell not isolated position Page 48 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions 5 1 12 Opening the Lower Plumbing Section Door Note To prevent exposure of the cell to wet ambient air close the cell isolation valves before disconnecting the lower section tubing to and from the cell Tools required 3mm Hexkey 9 6 spanner e 11 16 spanner Container for safe keeping of removed screws Opening the lower control section Using Spectronus click abort reset Shut down all open programs using their File Exit or equivalent command Shut down windows using Start Shut Down and wait for the computer to turn off Turn off both mains power switches and remove the mains power lead Undo the 5 screws as indicated by the green circles in Figure 20 qu aur e Je dne Raise the panel using the hinges Refer to Figure 24 The panel should stay in place in the fully raised position but if working underneath prop it open to avoid injury Figure 24 Lower plumbing section door opened Maintenance Page 49 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Power Supplies MFC In Nafion Dryer Pneumatic Valves Figure 25 Lower plumbing section layout 5 1 13 Checking amp Adjusting the MFC Zero Pots The MFC zeroes can drift over time It is suggested that the user monitors t
51. emove both endplates leaving only the glass body and three glued in mirrors Contact Ecotech for disassembly instructions 2 Ina suitable clean container agitate each end with mirrors in strong detergent solution followed by thorough multiple rinsing with distilled water to remove all traces of detergent Note Do not rub swab or touch the mirrors let the detergent do the work CAUTION The user must read and adhere to the acetone supplier s MSDS for care handling including use of PPE and disposal of acetone Page 42 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions 3 Thoroughly rinse cell walls and mirror surfaces with acetone while simultaneously streaming DRY air or nitrogen over the drying surfaces to evaporate the acetone and avoid the formation of water droplets on the mirror surfaces Note Do not use ethanol it leaves droplets as a water ethanol azeotrope forms during evaporation 4 After cleaning and re assembling the cell and analyser condition the cell overnight with ambient air flowing through the cell under normal sampling conditions 5 tis then recommended that the user performs the OPUS OVP Refer to Section 5 1 15 a background and check for a smooth strip refer to Section 6 3 5 and the OPUS Spectrum calculator and Signal to Noise tool refer to Section 7 1 5 1 5 Chemical Dryer Refill The magnesium perchlorate in the chemical dryer should be replaced whenever H O readings rise above t
52. ensitivity The differences between the four stripped backgrounds reflect small changes in the overall response of the Spectronus probably due mainly to temperature stability Page 72 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions 6 3 9 In Practice The background stripping procedure is implemented in the programme strip exe and batch file autostrip bat which fits and calculates the spectra of water vapour and CO in the 3600 3000 and 2300 cm regions creates a transmission spectrum of the fitted H O and CO amounts and ratios it from the measured background The result is illustrated in Figure 37 Arbitrary Intensity 0 20 0 21 0 22 0 23 0 24 0 19 lm Wg M We 0 18 0 17 0 16 I I T I 3400 3500 3600 3700 3800 3900 4000 4100 Wavenumber cm 1 C Programs Strip work 090616_1400bgnd spc 00 00 O C Programs Strip work 090616_1400bgnd 0 Emma CapeGrim Page 1 1 Figure 37 Original background spectrum of an evacuated cell blue and the stripped spectrum red in the 3600 cm region where there is strong water vapour absorption 6 3 10 Imperfect Cancellation of Water Vapour Absorption Features The imperfect cancellation of water vapour features in the sample background transmission spectra is related to the breakdown of Beer s Law at low resolution Let ts and Tg be the optical depth of the sample and background spectra at some frequency due to water vapour concentrations in the sam
53. ents The instrument is very stable and frequent backgrounds are not usually required It is recommended however that a background be performed after shipment of the instrument and before and after a measurement campaign The background is not expected to change for at least a month The use of a target tank such as a S C U B A tank can be used for precision checks Refer to Section 5 1 1 Precision Checks If the user runs a background task they should then check to see if the background has stripped correctly The stripped spectrum is a spc file whereas the original is a 0 file In OPUS load both files and visually inspect them For an example of a smooth well stripped background refer to Section 6 3 5 Sampling Page 41 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 5 Maintenance 5 1 1 Precision Checks A precision check can be done by sampling from a target tank such as a S C U B A tank One method is to sample from the target tank immediately after sampling from a high accuracy reference cylinder The much less expensive contents of the target tank can then be determined and or recorded in order to create a second standard After this the user can build into their task list or manually run a task that samples from the target tank at a frequency appropriate for their experiment For example in a 24 hour cycle list the target tank might be sampled at midnight every night It is not necessary to run frequent background measurements as the
54. he desired level or when the dryer becomes too restrictive and the desired cell pressure cannot be met at the desired flow rate CAUTION The user must obtain and adhere to the directions from their magnesium perchlorate supplier s material safety data sheet MSDS for magnesium perchlorate including use of PPE and storage and disposal It must not be just thrown in general rubbish 1 Stop any tasks running in Spectronus and make sure the cell inlet and evacuate valves are shut this prevents wet air getting into the measurement cell 2 Remove the chemical dryer from the Spectronus by releasing the quick connectors 3 Remove the upper Swagelok connection do not lose the nylon ferrules and upper end cap of the chemical canister Use of latex gloves can aid in gripping the tube Refer to Figure 13 4 Empty the used magnesium perchlorate into a suitable container Refer to the magnesium perchlorate supplier s MSDS for correct storage and disposal 5 Refer to Section 2 3 7 Chemical Dryer Filling and Connection for correct filling procedure A second empty dryer canister can be ordered so that it can be pre filled by the user and then used as a quick changeover unit Refer to Section 5 1 17 Spare Parts List 5 1 6 Partical Filter Element Replacement The particle filter element in the inlet line should be checked occasionally and replaced as required especially in dusty or smoky environments It is recommended that
55. his drift over time If the MFC is always drifting a significant amount in one direction there may be a problem Whilst this MFC ZERO drift doesn t affect most users there is a hardware ZERO pot accessible to the user in the lower control section on each of the MFCs Refer to Figure 26 Figure 26 MFC Zero adjust pot Tools required Ceramic pot adjuster short handled Don t use a metal screwdriver as it can short to the case causing interference on the reading Page 50 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions Torch Workshop dental mirror optional Checking the MFC zeros This is done with the analyser in its normal operating environment and fully up to temperature It is not recommended to remove the lower control section to perform this procedure 1 Using Spectronus software click abort reset 2 Wait 10 minutes The MFC can take quite some time to settle to its final resting point 3 Observe the Flow Out and Flow In values They should be 0 0 010 however values of O 0 020 are common Values much larger than this may indicate a problem Adjusting the MFC zeros CAUTION Mains AC exists in the Lower section This procedure should only be done by a suitably experienced and qualified technician The Mains Power should be removed before opening the lower section It is not recommended to remove the lower control section to perform this procedure 1 As mains voltage AC is present in
56. ilter Band cm 1 If filter is used instead of water vapor 2845 81 7 Change filter frequency Y Axis Reproducibility Test Glass Filter A Test Glass Filter B Test Position Test Photometric Accuracy Test Sensitivity Test Energy Distribution Test Wavenumber Accuracy Test El Scan Time Test Water Vapor Test V Alignment Test Linearity Test Reproducibility Test Position Test Ratio Test Sealing Test mower Inm m Figure 30 OPUS PQ and OQ test protocol Page 54 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions 9 Fromthe Validation Menu select Run OVP Tests Make sure Print Report automatically is NOT selected and that Show Report automatically IS selected Refer to Figure 31 r Run OVP Tests OVP Run Tests Matrix Module port with MIR CaF2 TE MCT Photovoltaic Internal IT1 ECOTECH E Print Report automatically Show Report automatically Skip spectrum pages in printout Figure 31 OPUS run OVP tests 10 Click Run selected Tests This will take several minutes 11 When each report pops up the user may print to pdf to save a copy of the results Ensure that all tests pass If any test fails send a pdf of the results to Ecotech via email with details of how the test was performed all tests passed click o
57. in this case after approximately 10 minutes Allan deviations for averaging times of 1 and 10 minutes for a typical analyser are summarised in Figure 39 Page 76 amp ecotech environmental monitoring solutions Table 5 1 o repeatability for 1 and 10 minute averaging times for a typical FTIR trace gas analyser Species 1 c precision 1 min average 1 0 precision 10 min average CO umol mol 0 02 0 01 CH nmol mol 0 2 0 1 NO nmol mol 0 1 0 05 Signal to Noise Ratios and Allan Variance Page 77 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 This page is intentionally blank Page 78 amp J ecotech environmental monitoring solutions 8 8 1 8 2 8 3 8 4 8 5 8 6 8 7 8 8 8 9 References Allan D Statistics of atomic frequency standards Proc IEEE 54 221 230 1966 Cohen E R Cvitas T Frey J G Holmstroem B Kuchitsu K Marquardt R Mills I Pavese F Quack M Stohner J Strauss H L Takami M and Thor A J Quantities Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry IUPAC RSC Publishing Cambridge 2007 Coplen T B Explanatory glossary of terms used in expression of relative isotope ratios and gas ratios IUPAC 27 Available at http old iupac org reports provisional abstractO8 coplen prs pdf 2008 Griffith D W T Synthetic calibration and quantitative analysis of gas phase infrared spectra Appl Spectrosc 50 59 70 1996 Griffith D
58. individual isotopic species and the relevant whole absorption bands are fitted assuming that all isotopologues are present in natural abundance For these determinations natural variations in isotopic abundances do not significantly affect the FTIR measurements In some cases such as for CO and PCO analysed in the v3 bands near 2300 cm individual isotopologue concentrations can be determined independently from the spectrum allowing the calculation of isotopic ratios This section outlines the procedures to correct and calibrate raw measurements to reference trace gas mole fractions scales For underlying details see Citation 8 6 8 7 6 2 1 Quantitative Spectrum Analysis MALT The quantitative analysis of measured IR absorption spectra uses a computational approach to best fit regions of the measured spectrum with a calculated spectrum based on knowledge of the sample conditions pressure temperature pathlength the HITRAN database of spectral line parameters Citation 8 8 8 9 and a model of the FTIR instrument lineshape Trace gas concentrations and instrument parameters are iteratively adjusted in the calculation to achieve best fit This approach uses the program MALT Multiple Atmospheric Layer Transmission Citation 8 4 to calculate spectra and is described in more detail in Citation 8 6 and the MALT user s manual From each measured spectrum MALT retrieves the concentration of each target gas and converts to a mole fr
59. ion Name and phone number e Company name Shipping address Quantity of items being returned e Model number s or a description of each item Serial number s of each item if applicable Adescription of the problem Original sales order or invoice number related to the equipment When you email us we will assign a Return Material Authorisation RMA number to your shipment and initiate the necessary paperwork to process your equipment within 48 hours Please include this RMA number when you return equipment preferably both inside and outside the shipping packaging This will ensure you receive prompt service Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Page 9 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 CE Mark Declaration of Conformity This declaration applies to the Spectronus Trace Gas and Isotopes Analyser as manufactured by Ecotech Pty Ltd of 1492 Ferntree Gully Rd Knoxfield VIC 3180 Australia and which may be sold in the following configurations Part Number Description E080001 Spectronus Trace Gas and Isotopes Analyser To which this declaration relates is in conformity with the following European Union Directives Council Directive of 15 December 2004 on the approximation of the laws of Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility 2004 108 EC The following standard was applied EN 61326 1 2013 Electrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use EMC Requirements Part 1 General requirements
60. ital amp Switched analog output module s devices TaskList Page 40 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions 4 Sampling 4 1 Starting Sampling If the instrument and peripherals are supplied as factory standard all software settings will already be setup In order to start sampling the user will need to use an appropriate task list The comprehensive online software manual in the help file in the Spectronus application details how to do this Refer to Section 3 1 2 Spectronus Workspace and Software Manual Once flow has been established through the dryers and cell it may take several days for the water to decrease to below 10ppm It is recommended that accurate sampling is only performed once the cell has dried out Ecotech recommends that calibration and sample measurements be performed at the same flow or both in static mode and for the same measurement time Ecotech also recommends use of the same sample and calibration pressure or similar if the user s unit only has one MFC This helps eliminate cross sensitivities to flow and pressure rather than having to compensate for them 4 2 Background Spectrum A user may choose to use the background that shipped with the instrument or create their own using a background task list The cell must have dried out completely as per Section 4 1 Starting Sampling before performing a background otherwise interference from water may influence measurem
61. k administrator for the appropriate IP settings 5 Obtain an IP address automatically IP address 10 10 0 100 Subnet mask 25 25 90 90 Default gateway Obtain DNS server address automatically Use the following DNS server addresses Preferred DNS server Alternate DNS server E Validate settings upon exit Advanced Figure 4 Bruker LAN TCP IP properties The following connections are externally available to the user via the front panel refer to Figure 11 Three Analog inputs Al 6 8 Amphenol sockets for additional sensors Refer to section 1 2 5 External Connections for power limits Three digital outputs DO 6 8 via Amphenol sockets Refer to section 1 2 5 External Connections for power limits Asecond Ethernet port RJ45 connector for external network access e 3 USB ports e RS 485 Com 1 serial interface e g for external valve switching box boxes This port is multi dropped with the internal modules HDMI port for a monitor Note the monitor must have a minimum resolution of 1440 x 900 Refer to Section 2 3 5 for further details on external connections Page 24 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions 2 2 5 Thermostat amp Enclosure The optical assembly is housed in the middle section of the main enclosure and the gas handling system and some electronics in are the lower section The computer and heater cooler controller i
62. libration in which C is calculated from Equation 9 using uncalibrated values for 13 X 636 and 7 6 In this case the raw measured C must be corrected for CO dependence as described briefly below and in detail in Citation 8 6 and calibrated by measurements of one or Xco2 C more reference gases of known and Absolute Calibration of C To calibrate for individual isotopologues of CO following Equation 6 X reference refers to the mole fraction of the isotopologue not the total mole fraction of CO which includes all isotopologues The scaled mole fractions of CO and Co 4 626 and x 636 in a mixture are A 2 A 62 gt Equation 10 WE 1 8 C rco aa X Equation 11 where X X 04 5 x and the index j runs over all isotopologues except 626 Page 64 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions i 13 18 To compute y all values of should be known for calibrated reference gases C and O are 17 18 usually known and with sufficient accuracy for FTIR calibrations we can assume O 05 0 O and all 0 for multiply substituted isotopologues since their contributions to X are very small When determining calibration regression coefficients for specific isotopologues following Equation 6 the reference mole fractions should be calculated from Equation 10 and Equation 11 Using 13 calibrated values of 4 66 and 4 86 in Equation 9 calibrated Cis obtained directly
63. ment is the responsibility of the assembler of the system Replacement of any part should only be carried out by qualified personnel using only parts specified by Ecotech as these parts meet stringent Ecotech quality assurance standards Always disconnect the power source before removing or replacing any components CAUTION Hazardous voltages exist within the analyser All analyser panels should be closed and secured when the analyser is connected to the mains power Ensure the power cord is maintained in a safe working condition CAUTION magnesium perchlorate The chemical dryer should be filled with magnesium perchlorate supplied by the user Magnesium perchlorate is a hazardous substance that has particular safety and shipping requirements and is not allowed on an aircraft The user must obtain and adhere to the directions from the supplier s material safety data sheet MSDS for magnesium perchlorate The user must not ship the magnesium perchlorate dryer with the instrument CAUTION Heavy The analyser is heavy and should not be manually lifted It should only be lifted by an appropriate mechanical lifting aid such as a fork lift CAUTION Laser radiation exists within the IRCUBE Never look directly into the laser beam or use any kind of optical instruments to look into the beam as this may cause permanent eye damage Please refer to the IRCUBE manual Page 8 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions
64. mperatUe peser oper prie a a a a Eaa Here aae ee E soU rine Eus tas aE Ea 69 6 3 4 Typical Cross Sensitivity Coefficlents x ir tnc iren REC E ee Ehe roa ede e Pride epe na 69 6 3 5 Stripping Water Vapour amp CO Absorption Features from Background Spectra sssss 70 6 3 6 Analysis of the Problem s 70 6 3 7 Procedure OUtlilie eit ripe EORR ES ERE REPRE a EXER EE SEU SEE ER RM ANa REE RE SERE intent 70 5r E S CUIRE 71 ER Mh PRACU CO R T cecbaspevesweslans sissies vueesanssconsias veuneteesapusesavestesepsueusansseynode seueseeets 73 6 3 10 Imperfect Cancellation of Water Vapour Absorption Features 73 7 Signal to Noise Ratios and Allan Variance seessesseseeee eee 75 741 Signal to Noise esten Um 75 7 2 PATET TETUER E O E EEE LLL DL Lm 75 8 References sse te RR Rat pete i i ed bere i uiae ER eels nest ruit ese ha 79 Page4 amp J ecotech environmental monitoring solutions List of Figures Figure 1 FTIR Spectrometer and glass cell ccccceccecceceessececeeeeeeeeeeeeceesaeeeceeeaeeeseeeeeeeaaeeeceeeeeeeseaeeesseaeeeeneneaees 19 Figure 2 FTIR Transfer optics detail c cccccccssssssscccececsesseasceceescessneasseceeesesseeaeeeseesesessaaeaesecessesesaneeseesesesssees 19 Figure 3 Gas handling system flow diagram ssssessessesessseeeeeeenne nennen eene en
65. n Figure 28 OPUS Setup OV e Figure 29 OPUS OVP test Setup raene enoi aee ea A o eee EE aae Eea ee aaae ee stk esee a eue ssa roseo eR Rue Figure 30 OPUS PQ and OQ test protocol Figure 31 OPUS r n OVP tests ces ure darts stem ntn pego de ge ne uten Rega dee n ss eae endo ded age se nate baits pesa nae KEEA GEKEER REN E Sie P En Figure 32 OPUS Abort TSK iius cas cente torta teen EE EIE et ner as AON a e Edo EET Epi corti RT RAT RARE CHER ERE ERE FN TR Asni Figure 33 Flow splitter for determining cross sensitivities to water vapour and CO sseeeeee 67 Figure 34 Measurement Stepwise stripping of CO for CO cross sensitivity time series of raw retrieved mole fractions s uos ci seinen aeter eit Ro FER PARE EXER XXE PRESE EHER E ER RF EXER EN ENERERRRR ERES RR EXER RR ER ERE seeds 68 Figure 35 Measurement Stepwise stripping of CO for CO cross sensitivity regressions of trace gas mole fractions and 6 C against CO mole fraction Figure 36 CO retrieval strong water vapour absorption esssssseseeeeeeeeeneenee enne enne nennen Figure 37 Original background spectrum of an evacuated cell blue and the stripped spectrum red in the 3600 cm region where there is strong water vapour absorption sseeeeeeeneeee 73 Figure 38 Allans Varianceplot oT N O serrate prenan EU P ras nan Eve 3 Reo eS bra
66. n the green status light and note that the CUBE now shows as okay rather than inactive It will change back to inactive once the tests are again disabled 12 Once the test has passed the user must deactivate the tests Failure to deactivate the tests will result in a yellow status light and an EXPIRED message on the cube after 24 hours 13 From the OPUS Validation menu select Setup OVP tests 14 Deselect Run PQ Test every and Run OQ test every the click save and exit Maintenance Page 55 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 5 1 16 OPUS Abort Task 1 Ifthe user aborts a task in Spectronus and OPUS is still scanning the OPUS task can be aborted manually 2 In OPUS right click on the status bar and then select Abort Task from the pop up menu Refer to Figure 32 Stop Task Abort Task Task Window Figure 32 OPUS Abort Task 5 1 17 Spare Parts List Part Number Description F010011 01 Filter Element 7 micron Swagelok H010045 Hardware glass wool H080118 Laser 0 84mw 633nm helium neon H080128 Scrubber assembly empty chemical dryer canister includes glass wool H080204 Kit diaphragm and valves for MV 2 NT FTIR pump FUS 1156 Fuse 5a 20x5 time delay 250vac 5 1 18 Safety CAUTION Mains AC voltages exists within the enclosed panels of this Instrument Before removing any panels for servicing disconnect the Mains Power Maintenance should only be done by a suitably experien
67. ndependently however both must be turned on for normal operation If measurements are not being taken the cooler power may be turned off to save power This still allows the user to work on the computer and setup 4 Turn on both power switches The PC and spectrometer will automatically power up as well as the thermal controller It will take several hours for the system temperature to stabilise The time taken will vary depending on the temperature outside of the main enclosure Precision measurements should not be taken until this temperature has stabilised 5 Referto Section 3 Software Quick Start Guide for further details on the software operation 6 When a sequence in the software is ready to run turn the external pump on 2 3 9 Power down If the user needs to turn off the analyser the following steps should be completed 1 Exit all open windows programs by selecting Exit or Quit from the each File Menu or by clicking the close X button in each program the X may or may not be red Refer to Figure 14 Lice 0 c0 Figure 14 Windows close button X 2 Select Shut Down from the Windows Menu and wait until the screen goes blank The computer does not have a fan so it is not possible to hear when it has shut down The optics section cooler heater fan will remain on if it was already on as its power is switched independently from the analyser and computer power Switch off the Analyser Power button Refer to Figure 11
68. ne tnnn nnns eterna rena anas 22 Figure 4A Bruker LAN TCP IP proparties 2 cox e eee rere etre teen e teeta ooa eese ee Pate es Ps be oai 24 Fiere S TE COO ON Score I ERI EE EEE E E AGIS tie Seca RPIRERIR RATER RIRR ESL TRIN FEVI SNR EE DETENER E RV ae dee 25 Figure 6 Overview of the analyser ccccccccscccccecsesscsececececsesesaeeeeececeeseseeeeeeeecessesaeeeseeeseeeeseeaeseeeeessesaeaeseeeeseeeseea 27 Figure 7 Removing cooler heater shipping protection c cccccscssecsecseecseecseecsceseeesecsecsseceaeceaecaeeaesseeeseseseeees 28 Figure 8 Removing the front panel shipping ProtectiOn cccccccccccecsssesecececsesesssaecececeesesessesecececsesesaeeeeeeseeeees 28 Figure 9 Front panel lower and middle section connections sssssssseeeeeeeeennneeen enne enne enne 30 Figured0 Front panel lower section pilOE zuceccdecexise te sesene et Ser EE E X X3 RRE NE EX EEA R OF EvR ERN ERE EI A 31 Figure 11 Front panel upper section computer connections esssseseseseeeneneeeeenneen enne 32 Figure 12 Nitrogen purge flow set to 1L50CC M ccccessscessecesssecsseceseecssecessescssecessesesseseesescaaecesseeesaesensesenseeensess 33 Figure 13 Magnesium perchlorate Aryer cccccccccccssssssecececsesessssecececseseessesececsesessssesececseseeesaeseeececseeaaeseaeeseseneea 35 Figure 14 Windows close button X Figure 15 Windows 7 Task Bar Figure 16 OPUS No Ac
69. ned by the user from time to time as described in Section 6 3 Determining Cross Sensitivities Given the values of the cross sensitivity coefficients all raw measured mole fractions or mole fractions Xmeasureq can be corrected to the standard Qo Po and T by inversion of Equation 5 and the measured values of Q P and T A corrected i A measured dyldQ Q Q dy dP P P dyldT 0 5 Equation 5 6 2 6 Calibration to a Reference Scale The FTIR analyser provides raw measurements of trace gas mole fractions and C which are typically within a few percent of true mole fractions The analysis of reference gas standards over a range of mole fractions shows that raw FTIR measurements are generally linear over a wide range with respect to the reference mole fractions but the regression intercepts though small may be significantly different from zero Thus calibration of trace gases and individual isotopologues is based on a linear regression of corrected measured mole fractions against reference mole fractions X corrected T a A reference oF b Equation 6 To calibrate the FTIR analyser to an established reference scale two or more reference gases with mole fractions known on the reference scale should be analysed with the FTIR analyser and the calibration coefficients a and b are determined from a regression of YX corrected VS Xreference following Page 62 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions Equation 6 The me
70. ple and background tis proportional to the water vapour concentration ts a Cs and Tg a Cs The true sample and background spectra are ls l exp Ts and Ig lo exp Tp The true or monochromatic transmission is Tire Is lg exp xs ta exp a Cs Cg This is exactly the same as the spectrum of a net water concentration C Cp the difference in concentrations between sample and background This would also be true for measured spectra if the Calibration Page 73 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 spectra were measured with infinite resolution But in reality the spectra Isand lgare each apodised and convolved with an instrument line shape ILS of 1 cm resolution significantly wider than the lines themselves before being divided ls measured 7 ls ILS Ig measured 7 lg ILS The convolution is not linear with respect to t and T measured ls incasured B meas red Is lg True Tmeasured Ttrue only when absorption is weak and or the spectral resolution is sufficient to fully resolve the observed line widths Page 74 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions 7 Signal to Noise Ratios and Allan Variance 7 1 Signal to Noise Ratio SNR A simple measure of SNR of the FTIR spectrometer is to ratio two consecutive spectra of an evacuated sample cell and measure the rms or peak peak noise N on the 100 continuum line The SNR is then 1 N OPUS provides a convenient tool to determine this SNR Typic
71. py specifically FTIR spectroscopy and if required the methods used to determine trace gas exchange fluxes at the earth s surface The primary purpose of this document is to provide a user guide and technical manual of the system components and their interconnection to facilitate the orientation of new users to system operation 1 2 Specifications 1 2 1 Measurement Gases Precision 5 min average CO ppmv 0 04 CH ppbv 0 2 N O ppbv 0 06 CO ppbv 0 2 6 C CO 56o 0 08 6D in H20 vapour 96o 1 e 6PC in CO precision is compromised if sample airstream is not dried e 15 second to 60 minute time averaged measurement of all species simultaneously trade precision for measurement time e Accuracy 1 5 absolute without reference to any calibration gases Accuracy is comparable to precision if measurements are referenced to standard calibration gases NIST CMDL GASLAB etc Citation 8 7 Page 14 amp J ecotech environmental monitoring solutions Linearity Better than 0 196 Sample Flow Rate 0 5 1 5 SLPM or static Calibration Drift Typically precision figure per week Citation 8 7 1 2 2 Power CAUTION The user must ensure that the local mains power matches the power setting as indicated by the factory fitted label below the mains power inlet If a user needs to change the mains input voltage on the analyser they should contact Ecotech to discuss Input Voltage 200 240VAC 50H
72. riables such as temperatures pressures and flows The FTIR spectrometer which produces and records the interferogram and then performs Fourier transformation in order to obtain the infrared spectrum of sampled air This Spectrometer is a Bruker IR cube fitted with a thermoelectrically cooled MCT Mercury Cadmium Telluride detector wavenumber range 2000 7800cm The IR cube is coupled to a 24 metre multipass gas cell that contains the air to be analysed The spectrum analyser which provides quantitative analysis of measured spectra immediately after collection with real time display Logging of analysed concentrations analysis parameters and analog input quantities to a SQLite database optionally exported to a comma separated values CSV text file Page 18 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions 2 Hardware Reference This chapter describes the hardware construction and set up of the closed path analysers Individual analyser systems may vary in minor detail 2 1 Closed Path Analyser The closed path FTIR analyser can be divided into several sub systems e The optical system including FTIR spectrometer White cell and detector The gas handling system including solenoid valves Nafion and magnesium perchlorate dryers flow meter and particle filter The embedded computer running Spectronus and OPUS software on Windows The analog input and digital output modules for data logging and solenoid control
73. s located in the top section The optical compartment is thermostatically controlled to maintain stability typically to 30 0 05 C Heating and cooling of the enclosure is accomplished with a thermoelectric heater cooler and controller TE Technologies Inc USA Refer to Figure 6 The thermostat is programmed via the RS232 serial interface and TE software program provided refer to original documentation provided for details As of November 2013 the temperature set point can no longer be seen and set from the LED display and buttons on the controller as they are not installed The thermostat can control temperature from at least 5 C below ambient to 10 C above ambient temperature e g if ambient temperature is expected to range from 20 35 C the system should control at 30 0 05 C Figure 5 TE cooler Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Page 25 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 This page is intentionally blank Page 26 amp J ecotech environmental monitoring solutions 2 3 Installation 2 3 1 Instrument Externals Overview i 3 Upper section Computer and temperature control Perspex Shipping covers must be removed before operation Middle section Optical system temperature controlled Lower section Gas handling system Figure 6 Overview of the analyser 2 3 2 Un packing and Shipping On delivery check that the Analyser and all its accessories are not damaged The
74. sample air spectrum before MALT fitting This manifests itself most clearly as small changes in retrieved concentrations after recording a new background It is most obvious in CO retrieved from the 3600 cm window and in C which may be derived from it This band is heavily overlapped by water vapour absorptions which if variable can lead to variable retrievals of CO due to imperfect spectral water cancellation between sample and background spectra 6 3 6 Analysis of the Problem Sample and background spectra always contain some remnant water vapour absorption in the 3600 cm region as well as CO absorption near 2350 cm This water vapour absorption does not ratio out simply or linearly when calculating a transmission spectrum to be fitted by MALT for two reasons 1 The background water vapour spectrum actually has two components Water vapour at 1mb total pressure in the sample cell and water vapour at 1030mb total pressure in the IR cube optics compartment The low pressure lines are narrower than those at 1030 mb the spectral line shapes are not identical and do not subtract cleanly from water vapour at 1000 mb in the sample spectrum 2 Because the sample and background spectra are recorded and apodised by the FTIR to 1 cm before being divided to calculate transmission cancellation is not complete This is related to the well known breakdown of Beer s Law at low resolution The result is that the calculated
75. tify the carrier and Ecotech immediately The following documents are necessary to support claims Original freight bill and bill of lading Original invoice or photocopy of original invoice Copy of packing list e Photographs of damaged equipment and container You may want to keep a copy of these documents for your records Please refer to the instrument name model number serial number sales order number and your purchase order number on all claims You should also Contact your freight forwarder for an insurance claim Retain packing material for insurance inspection Shipping Discrepancies Check all packages against the packing list immediately on receipt If a shortage or other discrepancy is found notify the carrier and Ecotech immediately We will not be responsible for shortages against the packing list unless they are reported promptly within 7 days Contact Details Head Office 1492 Ferntree Gully Road Knoxfield VIC Australia 3180 Phone 61 0 3 9730 7800 Fax 61 0 3 9730 7899 Email info ecotech com Service service ecotech com au International Support intsupport ecotech com www ecotech com Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Page 11 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Internationally Recognised Symbols on Ecotech Equipment On Supply IEC 417 No 5007 C Off Supply IEC 417 No 5008 L r Electrical fuse IEC 60417 5016 Earth ground terminal IEC 60417 5017 Protective conductor terminal IEC 6
76. tion gas for static measurements Page 20 amp ecotech environmental monitoring solutions 4 During background and static spectrum measurements a flow of low pressure dried sample air can be maintained through the inlets and Nafion dryer back flush via the cell bypass valve 5 to maintain consistent drying Table 2 Examples of valve switching states for various functions Solenoid Sample flow Evacuate cell Fill cell Measure static Measure static PETITS from inlet 1 from spectrum spectrum dried undried inlet 3 bypass on from inlet bypass off 1 dried gr Off On Off Off Off Off Valves 8 and 9 are 3 way valves in the Off state the connections marked NO normally open are open Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Page 21 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 TRANSFER OPTICS AND IR CUBE CHEMICAL PARTICLE FILTER Fur Page 22 ROTAMETER 01 1 SLPM VACUUM PUMP TEMPERATURE SENSOR PRESSURE TRANSDUCER DETECTOR MANUAL VALVES RELIEF VALVE e c ae ae ae ad DRYER CAD lt P COM 8 NC 4 lt R NO ce KR COM oA NO lt P gt NC NAFION DRYER DRYER BYPASS LINE Go 0 10 LPM CUM MASS FLOW 7 CONTROLLER cMFC_OUT gt lt MFC_IND VALVES INLET 1 INLET 4 BYPASS INLET 2 FLOW Figure 3 Gas handling system flow
77. tive Task ccccccssssssssececessessnesseceeeceesenaeceseeesaesananseseeessesseaueeseecsseseaaeaesecesseseaaneeseesesessaaes Figure 17 Spectronus help manual cccccccccsscessesscsssceecesecaecssecssecaeecseecsescseseeeseseseceaesnssaeceaeesaeeaeeausesesenseess Figure 18 Spectronus WOFKSPACe ccccececssssssecececsessuseecececseseuesesececsessaesseeececsesesesaesececeesesesaeseeecesseseuaeeeeeeseseees Figure 19 Software flow dia SPAM cesesicacs sacsadhcccsvenessdenssenveaveesscanebcbocdaasausveessetevenveteennent Haa va Fa co ES s sene aE Fer vb RERO Figure 20 Removable panels on left hand side Figure 21 Middle section panel open ceecceceessecesseececeeneeeeceneeeeecseeecseaaececseasecesaeeeseeaeeecenaaeeeseaeeesseaeeeesenaeens 47 Figure 22 Middle section rear panel ssssssseseseseeeseneeenneee ener enhn stent entire iren nente nennen nnns sten nennen 47 Figure 23 Cell end isolation valves and temperature sensor sseseseseeeeseeeeeeen enne enne nnn nnne entran 48 Figure 24 Lower plumbing section door opened Figure 25 Lower plumbing section layout Figure 26 MFC Zero adj st DOE eieree conet reete cncesacecunssunecnussooncedasenecosnsecs SaR aaa Ain TRAR eaa ata ina aana aaie Fig re 27 OPUS 1nstr iment Stats eres ii eere eere ir heo cess pn Linn Reto nbn pnta oS bans una anes a DER baits n cR anes ddiea babs nasa aaie
78. to do this and the sub tests to be performed are installed by Ecotech and some of them are specific to the individual IR cube matched up by the serial number After 365 days have elapsed since the program was last run OPUS will change the status light from green to yellow If the user clicks once on the status light usually green under normal operation the Instrument Status window will appear Refer to Figure 27 Instrument Status NY ve E E eo ON b ZN ZN K lt LASER SOURCE OK INTERFEROMETER ELECTRONIC AUTOMATION DETECTOR Send mails On error Help Add Last Data Figure 27 OPUS instrument status All functions are showing as green okay The CUBE shows as INACTIVE when the OVP is disabled which it will be for most of the time If the cube shows as EXPIRED the user can run the OVP program 5 1 15 Running the OPUS OVP 1 Stopany task running from Spectronus with abort reset 2 Ensure all valves are de activated 3 Click on valve 8 to evacuate the cell then wait 5 minutes or until the cell pressure is around 1hPa Page 52 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions 4 If OPUS is not already running open OPUS 5 From the validation menu select Setup OVP Refer to Figure 28 Validation Setup Help T Setup OVP k E Run OVP Tests Setup the OVP Test Channels GF Methods Ad
79. utions STEP 3 Disconnect metal plastic composite Synflex tubing by holding the adaptor fitting in place whilst undoing brass nut STEP 4 Open drying tube by unscrewing black cap at this end STEP 2 If the dryer is already fitted to the analyser disconnect Chemical Dryer by releasing both Quick Connects simultaneously behind bracket STEP 1 If the dryer is already fitted to the analyser undo both retaining screws behind tube Flow Direction Figure 13 Magnesium perchlorate dryer Note The flow through the dryer should be upwards The labels on the front panel pre November 2013 refer to the Dryer Inlet From FTIR and Dryer Outlet To FTIR From November 2013 the dryer can only be connected one way Note Do not use magnesium perchlorate powder as powder clogs too quickly and creates a greater restriction or blockage after much less use It is essential to use granules Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Page 35 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 2 3 8 Power up 1 Before power up be sure to check that all electrical and pneumatic connections have been made correctly 2 Check that there is nothing obstructing the air flow around the large cooler fan as well as the two smaller fans on the rear of the upper and lower sections 3 There are two power switches One for the Analyser and computer and one for the Cooler module Both sections of the analyser can operate i
80. wcontroller Figure 33 Flow splitter for determining cross sensitivities to water vapour and CO For CO a compressed air cylinder can be conveniently spiked with CO by pre evacuating the cylinder adding approximately 2L pure CO from a balloon to a 15L cylinder before compressing ambient air into the cylinder to 200 bar This will provide CO mole fractions around 1000 ppm CO from a soda water maker and a 15L S C U B A tank are convenient for this purpose Figure 34 illustrates typical data from stepwise stripping of CO from a flowing tank sample For water vapour start with a cylinder with ideally 100 200 ppm water vapour Alternatively start with a dry air flow through the analyser s dryer then bypass the dryer and allow the water vapour content to slowly rise Calibration Page 67 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 C Data Ooofti Wombat UoWtest 1208 rebuild 120823 CO2 csv corrected Oe Llep o2 15 00 15 30 16 00 16 30 17 00 Thu 23 8 12 Figure 34 Measurement Stepwise stripping of CO for CO cross sensitivity time series of raw retrieved mole fractions o e 5 ko o o SpeciesLal betaCO2 0 CO2 0 0 0 0 1 CO2 1 0 0 0 0 9 2 CO2 2 0 0 0 0 3 del13C 0 00654943 2187 85 0 000366444 129 87 u 4 dell3C 1 0 0163437 4901 56 0 000504573 178 823 5 CH4 0 00265213 0 0 000367718 0 6 CO 0 00050901 0 0 0003
81. witch 2 Undo the 10 hex screws on the left or right side panel Refer to the red circles in Figure 20 3 Lower the panel using the hinges Refer to Figure 21 Page 46 ecotech environmental monitoring solutions Figure 21 Middle section panel open 5 1 10 Opening the Middle Optics amp Cell Enclosure Rear Panel 1 Using a 3mm Hex driver remove the 4 retaining screws on the rear panel as indicated by the green circles in Figure 22 Do not attempt to undo the PH2 screw circled in red as it is an earthing screw Figure 22 Middle section rear panel 2 Oncethe 4 screws have been removed the panel can be gently pulled away Access to the end of the cell can then be achieved Maintenance Page 47 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Figure 23 Cell end isolation valves and temperature sensor Referring to Figure 23 1 Cell isolation valves 2 Cell temperature sensor depending on the hardware configuration some thermocouples may be partly coiled up outside the cell There are isolation valves on the inlet and outlet of the cell in the middle enclosure These are useful for stopping the cell being exposed to wet ambient are when other parts of the plumbing need to be disconnected such as the lower control section They are best accessed by removing the middle section rear panel Refer to Section 5 1 10 Opening the Middle Optics amp Cell Enclosure Rear Panel To isolate the cell simply turn
82. z 100 120VAC 60Hz optional Fuse Rating 5A 20x5 time delay 250VAC Power Consumption Max at 240VAC FTIR including the heater cooler 650VA Max 540W Max Power Consumption Typical at 240VAC Cell Temp 30 C Room Temp 25 C FTIR including the heater cooler after warm up 270VA 200W Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Page 15 Spectronus User Manual 3 10 Pump 307W 597VA 2 44A Note The pump may draw more power depending on the flow configurations 1 2 3 Operating Conditions Ambient Temperature Range 10 40 C and stable Refer to Section 2 2 5 Thermostat amp Enclosure for more detail Altitude Up to 3000 meters above sea level Sample Temperature 30 C factory configured Note Changing the sample temperature may affect all background calibration cross sensitivities and measurements It is recommended to leave this at 30 C Sample Inlet Pressure Sample inlet pressure should not exceed 1080mBar Cell Pressure The cell pressure should not exceed 1080mBar as this is the maximum inlet pressure of the vacuum pump CAUTION Under certain uses or manual mode the sample inlet pressure could be passed through entirely to the cell pressure The user should prevent this occurring or use a maximum sample inlet pressure of 1080mB 1 2 4 Physical Dimensions Case Dimensions 1163 mm L x 486 mm W x 885 mm H Weight Spectronus 120kg Pump 17kg Accessories Standard 5kg Page 16 ecotech

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